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Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.

com

SISTEMA DE COBERTURA DE AERADORES


( Campnulas )
( Sistema patenteado )

EVITA CONTAMINAO AMBIENTAL


REDUZ CUSTOS DE MANUTENO NA PLANTA
ELIMINA ODOR
REDUZ RUDOS
EVITA EMANAO DE VOLTEIS

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

A Tch-Technion Consultoria, vem apresentar a Vsas. um sistema desenvolvido que visa complementar os aeradores existentes em vossa planta fabril, melhorando a performance dos mesmos
e eliminando a formao dos aerossis e outros efeitos gerados durante o tratamento de efluentes.Apesar das vantagens obtidas pelo uso de aeradores em tratamento de efluentes, em algumas aplicaes podem ocorrer alguns efeitos secundrios como :
Gerao de odor - comum em estaes de tratamento a ocorrncia de mau odor pela digesto microbiana de matria orgnica, emanao de volteis presentes no efluente a ser tratado e
at mesmo em funo da prpria composio do efluente a ser tratado. Com a aplicao das
campnulas os vapores e fontes geradoras de odor ficam contidas no interior das campnulas
evitando sua disperso no meio.
Formao de aerossis ou hidrossis,
so gotculas de lquido formadas durante a
formao do splash gerado pelo aerador em
funcionamento. Hoje de conhecimento
que estas gotculas apesar de pequenas
carregam em seu interior microorganismos
que em alguns casos podem ser patognicos e que entram em contato no s com os
operadores da estao, mas de forma geral
com toda a comunidade existente nas proximidades da estao (dependendo da velocidade do vento uma gotcula de aerossol pode ser carregada a at 800 metros de distncia). A tecnologia oferecida evita a emanao e disperso dos aerossis que acabam ficando contidos no interior das campnulas .

Fig. 1 - Detalhe do mecanismo de gerao de aerossis

Mecanismos de formao de aerossis

Fig. 2 - Formao de aerossis por disperso

Fig. 3 - Formao de aerossis por condensao


2

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

Corroso ambiental dependendo das caractersticas do efluente a ser tratado e pela emanao de elementos volteis pode ocorrer corroso na estao e em equipamentos em geral. O
sistema oferecido elimina as fontes que provocam este efeito pela conteno dos vapores.

Figs. 4 e 5 - Corroso em partes metlicas e instalaes


devido emanao de gases volteis

Necessidade complementar de oxignio o crescimento da planta fabril e incremento na


produo industrial demandam tambm um crescimento nas plantas de tratamento de efluentes.
Geralmente este crescimento implica em grandes investimentos, principalmente quando a necessidade de oxignio no totalmente atendida. Assim sendo a tecnologia que est sendo oferecida permite a converso de seus aeradores para trabalhar com oxignio puro sem nenhum
custo complementar. O sistema fornecido com as duas opes de trabalho, dependendo da
necessidade do cliente podendo tanto trabalhar com ar convencional ou oxignio puro, permitindo que esta mudana seja efetuada com uma simples manobra de vlvulas.

Sistema de fornecimento
de oxignio puro ( opcional)

Sistema de
Fornecimento
de ar convencional

Figura 6 - Sistemas de alimentao de ar / O2


3

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

Facilidade de montagem - O sistema


montado com a planta em pleno funcionamento. A interrupo do tratamento, limita-se apenas a poucas horas na bacia onde a campnula est sendo montada. Desta forma se
houver mais de um aerador funcionando na
estao, a parada ser efetuada naquele que
vai receber a campnula. O sistema prmontado fora do tanque de aerao e transportado para ser fixado nas plataformas. Todo
o fechamento dos gomos efetuado com parafusos, porcas e arruelas em ao inoxidvel
AISI 304.

Fig. 7 - Sistema sendo montado com a planta funcionando

Segurana estrutural - O sistema montado em perfis laminados em ao carbono


no protegidos por tinta anti corrosiva
que garante a superfcie da estrutura
por mais de 5 anos sem problemas de
corroso. Ainda para evitar vibraes que
venham afetar a construo, as coberturas so dotadas de amortecedores de vibrao que isolam a estrutura existente
da cobertura em balano.

Fig.8 - Detalhe dos amortecedores de vibrao

A campnula dotada de sistema de


abatimento de espuma, o qual ameniza o crescimento da espuma junto s
paredes da cobertura.

Fig.9 - Detalhe dos bicos aspersores em volta


da campnula
4

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

A Tch-Technion possui tambm uma verso de campnula que pode ser aplicada a aeradores
flutuantes, garantindo seu funcionamento com as mesmas caractersticas e benefcios apresentados pelo sistema aplicvel a aeradores fixos.
A campnula fornecida para aeradores flutuantes possui sistema de flutuao prpria. O sistema
fornecido opcionalmente com corrimos
e possui tratamento em sua base com pintura antiderrapante para permitir a movimentao de operadores sem risco de acidentes.
Desta forma a Tch-Technion garante que
sua estao de tratamento de efluentes ir
trabalhar de forma limpa, segura e com
boa eficincia.
Fig.10 - Representao esquemtica da campnula para aeradores flutuantes

COMPARE AS DUAS SITUAES NA MESMA ESTAO E NOTE A DIFERENA

Fig. 12 - A mesma estao funcionando aps a colocao das campnulas

Fig. 11 - Estao funcionando antes da colocao das


campnulas

SOLICITE A VISITA DE UM REPRESENTANTE NOSSO SEM NENHUM


COMPROMISSO

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

ANEXOS

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com
PRINCIPAIS INSTALAES
LATICINIO DANONE

REVAPREFINARIA DO VALE DO PARAIBA

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com
RECAPREFINARIA DE CAPUVA

OXITENOUNIDADE TREMEMB

Av. Onze de Junho, 686 - Sala 43 - Vila Clementino - So Paulo - Brasil - Fone:55(11)3313-3916 - e-mail: tch@tchsistemas.com

A partir da primeira instalao experimental no Laticnio Danone, e preocupados com o impacto das emisses atmosfricas, a REVAP decide aps visita a este primeiro cliente, implantar o sistema nos tanques de aerao. Este trabalho trouxe benefcios no relacionamento da Refinaria com a comunidade vizinha. O sucesso da implantao do sistema e a
repercusso perante a comunidade e os rgos de controle ambiental, originou esta matria na Gazeta Mercantil, no caderno de Balano Ambiental de 16 de outubro de 2000.

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 2 of 5

Inventors:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

Application Number:
EP20010890006

Publication Date:
07/17/2002

Filing Date:
01/10/2001

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Assignee:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

International Classes:
B01F3/04; B01F3/04; B01F13/00; B01F13/00; B01F15/00; B01F15/00;
C02F1/74; C02F1/74; C02F3/14; C02F3/16; C02F3/26; C02F3/26; (IPC1
-7): C02F3/14; B01F3/04; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

European Classes:
B01F3/04C6C2; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

Domestic Patent References:


EP0521241Apparatus for enriching waters with oxygen.

Foreign References:
6145815
GB1512225A
4096215

System for enhanced gas dissolution having a hood


positioned over the impeller with segregating rings
Device for applying gas to a liquid

Other References:
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 542 (C-1261), 17
October 1994 (1994-10-17) -& JP 06 190391 A (MASASHI TSUCHIDA),
12 July 1994 (1994-07-12)

Claims:
1. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment, to be preferably
adapted to superficial aerators in effluent treatment, characterized in that
basically a chamber (11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed
above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining internally a
watertight chamber (12) of pure oxygen conditioning injected through a
superior entrance (13) provided in the cover (11).
2. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1, characterized in that a direct contact between the liquid and the cover
walls (11) is avoided, that the gas is enclosed, avoiding its contact with the
air before it is dissolved, that the area of contact of the liquid gas is large
enough to permit oxygen dilution in the effluent and that the mix is
sufficient to dilute the gas.
3. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as a mechanic seal, are provided.
4. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),

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8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 3 of 5

such as a sealing system, are provided.


5. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as rubber rings, are provided.
6. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a relief valve controlling
pressure with a spring.
7. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a counterweight.
8. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a pressure controller that
receives a sign of overpressure above a determined value and sends
another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts the oxygen supply.
9. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a manual spheric valve, or
similar permitting relieving the pressure through an opening in it.
10. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any
of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a timer that periodically
interrupts the oxygen supply by pre-adjustments.

Description:
The present report refers to a conversion installation system of effluent
treatment and, specifically, to a constructive system to be adapted to
superficial effluent treatment aerators in a way to create a watertight area
of pure oxygen injection and dissolution which, diluted in liquid means,
will promote the required treatment.
The goal of the present invention is to allow the conversion of effluent
treatment installations that were initially projected to deal with superficial
aerators into an installation that allows the usage of systems of pure
oxygen injection to obtain remarkable efficiency levels in the dissolution
of this gas in liquid means.
It is known that the traditional superficial aeration process views obtaining,
through splash action, a dissolution of the oxygen found in the air (in a
concentration of 21 %) in the liquid means to be treated, to allow an
oxidation of this means achieving an OBD (oxygen biological demand)
and an OCD (oxygen chemical demand), in foam activated process (live
bacteria forming established flakes that need O2 to get energy to be fed).
The biological processes that use pure oxygen demand high
implementation costs due to the necessity of installing new and specific
equipments to such technology. In any process where oxygen must be used
to remove OBD or OCD, a high area of liquid gas is necessary and this is
the reason why there is a splash in conventional aerators, so that a better

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8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 4 of 5

incorporation of oxygen, due to the microbubbles of liquid formed, is


allowed.
Another important factor for the gas dissolution is that the splash promotes
a vigorous mix to dilute the oxygen in liquid means.
Therefore, nowadays it is possible to view the process of effluent treatment
through superficial aerators that present as a main basis of work the
dissolution of oxygen found in the air and the biological process that uses
pure oxygen. The first process presents inferior efficiency levels if
compared to the second one, because this last one uses pure oxygen, which
is ideal for the effluent treatment to have excellent results. Despite the
efficiency of the second process, it is also known that if it is applied
directly in aerators of pre-existing surfaces, it will bring the need for large
investments in new installations, such as water treatment plants, because if
this is not done the project will not work out.
Then, the goal of the present invention is to provide the conversion of
effluent treatment installations to be applied in previously installed surface
aerators, including pure oxygen injection to promote, with total efficiency,
a chemical/biological effluent treatment process. This goal is basically
achieved through the placement of a cover above the liquid level where the
surface aerator is installed, so that this cover encloses the pure oxygen that
is injected in its interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen, which, by
the splash action, will promote a slow gas absorption that will be
immediately incorporated and mixed to the liquid means.
A conversion installation system according to the invention is essentially
characterized in that basically a chamber in the format of a cover device is
enclosed, placed above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining
internally a watertight chamber of pure oxygen conditioning injected
through a superior entrance provided in the cover.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent
subclaims.
For a better comprehension, the system will be described in detail, with
references to the attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of
a kind of fixed surface aerator, containing the inventive system; and Fig. 2
is a schematic view of a type of floating surface aerator, also presenting
this invention.
According to the enclosed illustrations, a fixed or floating surface aerator
for effluent treatment 10 receives the adaptation of a cover device 11 that
may have cylindrical or square shape, depending on the necessity or
features of the biological reactor, without material restrictions, if it is
compatible with the effluent to be treated and with pure oxygen.
This cover 11 is placed above the liquid level and it internally defines a
conditioning chamber 12 for the pure oxygen injected through a superior
entrance 13 in the cover. Means of total sealing of the cover 11 are
provided to avoid loss of the injected air - this sealing can be done by
means of a mechanic sealing system, rubber rings or other similar ways.
Being formed this way, the chamber 12 encloses the pure oxygen in its
interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen that, through the splash
action, permits the gas to be slowly absorbed and immediately
incorporated and mixed in the liquid means.
To implement this system it is necessary to observe the following factors :
the gas must be enclosed to avoid its contact with the air before it is
dissolved; the contact area of the liquid gas must be large enough to permit
the oxygen dilution in the effluent, and the mix must be sufficient to dilute
the gas.

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8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 5 of 5

To place the cover 11 it must be taken into consideration the fact that the
liquid cannot be in direct contact with the cover walls, because it would
cause the growth of droplets, forming a film and damaging the gas
utilization. Controlling pressure in the interior of the chamber 11 is
important to avoid a variation of the liquid column in its interior and, this
control can be done in several ways, such as: through the relief valve,
controlling the pressure with a spring, counterweight or any other means
that permit relieving the pressure in the interior of the chamber, or through
a pressure controller that receives a sign of overpressure above a
determined value and sends another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts
the oxygen supplying;
or through a manual spheric valve, or similar, that permits relieving the
pressure through a timer that stops the oxygen supplying by preadjustments.
The system of oxygen pressure control can be fixed in the chamber 11 or
in a remote way, being placed in the supplying oxygen panel.
Depending on the installing features, perilous area, discharge control or
any other that might be necessary, specific control devices as a manometer,
thermometer, process controller can be used.
It must be understood that this system can also be applied in other
situations, independent of effluent or water treatment, whenever it is
necessary to dissolve any gas in liquid means, provided that there is a
mixture system and a saturate chamber with the gas to be dissolved.

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Dokumentenidentifikation

EP1223148 22.08.2002

EP-Verffentlichungsnummer

1223148

Titel

Vorrichtung zur Sauerstoffeinspritzung und -Auflsung in Abwasser

Anmelder

Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio, So Paulo, BR

Erfinder

Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio, 04041-003 Sao Paulo, BR

Vertreter

derzeit kein Vertreter bestellt

Vertragsstaaten

AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LI, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE, TR

Sprache des Dokument

EN

EP-Anmeldetag

10.01.2001

EP-Aktenzeichen

018900068

EP-Offenlegungsdatum

17.07.2002

Verffentlichungstag im Patentblatt 22.08.2002


IPC-Hauptklasse

C02F 3/14

IPC-Nebenklasse

B01F 3/04 C02F 3/16 C02F 3/26

Hydrotest
Equipment
Hydrotest Stands
Water Jackets and
Equipment

www.HydroTestEquipment.com

Phase Separation
Fast, small, reliable
any orientation
fluid/gas separator
serc.tamu.edu

Water Treatment
Baffles
Raise contact time
with cleawell baffle
curtains - new or
retrofit
www.dlmplastics.com

RMG Group
Products and Services
for the Natural Gas
Industry
www.rmg.com

The present report refers to a conversion installation system of effluent treatment and, specifically, to a constructive system to be
adapted to superficial effluent treatment aerators in a way to create a watertight area of pure oxygen injection and dissolution which,
diluted in liquid means, will promote the required treatment.

HydroTech
Water quality
monitoring equipment
sales, service and
parts.

The goal of the present invention is to allow the conversion of effluent treatment installations that were initially projected to deal with
superficial aerators into an installation that allows the usage of systems of pure oxygen injection to obtain remarkable efficiency
levels in the dissolution of this gas in liquid means.

IPC

Beschreibung[en]

www.hydrotechzs.com

It is known that the traditional superficial aeration process views obtaining, through splash action, a dissolution of the oxygen found
in the air (in a concentration of 21 %) in the liquid means to be treated, to allow an oxidation of this means achieving an OBD
(oxygen biological demand) and an OCD (oxygen chemical demand), in foam activated process (live bacteria forming established
flakes that need O2 to get energy to be fed).

Tglicher
Lebensbedarf

Arbeitsverfahren;
Transportieren

The biological processes that use pure oxygen demand high implementation costs due to the necessity of installing new and specific
equipments to such technology. In any process where oxygen must be used to remove OBD or OCD, a high area of liquid gas is
necessary and this is the reason why there is a splash in conventional aerators, so that a better incorporation of oxygen, due to the
microbubbles of liquid formed, is allowed.

Chemie;
Httenwesen

Another important factor for the gas dissolution is that the splash promotes a vigorous mix to dilute the oxygen in liquid means.
Therefore, nowadays it is possible to view the process of effluent treatment through superficial aerators that present as a main basis
of work the dissolution of oxygen found in the air and the biological process that uses pure oxygen. The first process presents
inferior efficiency levels if compared to the second one, because this last one uses pure oxygen, which is ideal for the effluent
treatment to have excellent results. Despite the efficiency of the second process, it is also known that if it is applied directly in
aerators of pre-existing surfaces, it will bring the need for large investments in new installations, such as water treatment plants,
because if this is not done the project will not work out.

D Textilien; Papier
E

Bauwesen;
Erdbohren; Bergbau

Maschinenbau;
Beleuchtung;
Heizung; Waffen;
Sprengen

G Physik
H Elektrotechnik

Then, the goal of the present invention is to provide the conversion of effluent treatment installations to be applied in previously
installed surface aerators, including pure oxygen injection to promote, with total efficiency, a chemical/biological effluent treatment
process. This goal is basically achieved through the placement of a cover above the liquid level where the surface aerator is
installed, so that this cover encloses the pure oxygen that is injected in its interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen, which, by
the splash action, will promote a slow gas absorption that will be immediately incorporated and mixed to the liquid means.
A conversion installation system according to the invention is essentially characterized in that basically a chamber in the format of a
cover device is enclosed, placed above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining internally a watertight chamber of pure
oxygen conditioning injected through a superior entrance provided in the cover.

Anmelder
Datum

Patentrecherche

suche
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent subclaims.
For a better comprehension, the system will be described in detail, with references to the attached drawings, in which:
z
z

Patente PDF

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a kind of fixed surface aerator, containing the inventive system; and
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a type of floating surface aerator, also presenting this invention.

According to the enclosed illustrations, a fixed or floating surface aerator for effluent treatment 10 receives the adaptation of a cover
device 11 that may have cylindrical or square shape, depending on the necessity or features of the biological reactor, without
material restrictions, if it is compatible with the effluent to be treated and with pure oxygen.
This cover 11 is placed above the liquid level and it internally defines a conditioning chamber 12 for the pure oxygen injected

http://www.patent-de.com/20020822/EP1223148.html

8/22/2009

Vorrichtung zur Sauerstoffeinspritzung und -Auflsung in Abwasser - Dokument EP1... Page 2 of 2

through a superior entrance 13 in the cover. Means of total sealing of the cover 11 are provided to avoid loss of the injected air - this
sealing can be done by means of a mechanic sealing system, rubber rings or other similar ways. Being formed this way, the
chamber 12 encloses the pure oxygen in its interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen that, through the splash action, permits
the gas to be slowly absorbed and immediately incorporated and mixed in the liquid means.
To implement this system it is necessary to observe the following factors :
z
z
z

the gas must be enclosed to avoid its contact with the air before it is dissolved;
the contact area of the liquid gas must be large enough to permit the oxygen dilution in the effluent, and
the mix must be sufficient to dilute the gas.

To place the cover 11 it must be taken into consideration the fact that the liquid cannot be in direct contact with the cover walls,
because it would cause the growth of droplets, forming a film and damaging the gas utilization. Controlling pressure in the interior of
the chamber 11 is important to avoid a variation of the liquid column in its interior and, this control can be done in several ways,
such as: through the relief valve, controlling the pressure with a spring, counterweight or any other means that permit relieving the
pressure in the interior of the chamber, or through a pressure controller that receives a sign of overpressure above a determined
value and sends another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts the oxygen supplying; or through a manual spheric valve, or similar,
that permits relieving the pressure through a timer that stops the oxygen supplying by pre-adjustments.
The system of oxygen pressure control can be fixed in the chamber 11 or in a remote way, being placed in the supplying oxygen
panel.
Depending on the installing features, perilous area, discharge control or any other that might be necessary, specific control devices
as a manometer, thermometer, process controller can be used.
It must be understood that this system can also be applied in other situations, independent of effluent or water treatment, whenever
it is necessary to dissolve any gas in liquid means, provided that there is a mixture system and a saturate chamber with the gas to
be dissolved.

Anspruch[en]
1. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment, to be preferably adapted to superficial aerators in effluent treatment,
characterized in that basically a chamber (11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed above the level of the liquid
to be treated and defining internally a watertight chamber (12) of pure oxygen conditioning injected through a superior
entrance (13) provided in the cover (11).
2. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that a direct contact between the
liquid and the cover walls (11) is avoided, that the gas is enclosed, avoiding its contact with the air before it is dissolved, that
the area of contact of the liquid gas is large enough to permit oxygen dilution in the effluent and that the mix is sufficient to
dilute the gas.
3. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of
the chamber (11), such as a mechanic seal, are provided.
4. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of
the chamber (11), such as a sealing system, are provided.
5. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of
the chamber (11), such as rubber rings, are provided.
6. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure
control is placed in the interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in its interior, and that this
control is done through a relief valve controlling pressure with a spring.
7. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure
control is placed in the interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in its interior, and that this
control is done through a counterweight.
8. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure
control is placed in the interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in its interior, and that this
control is done through a pressure controller that receives a sign of overpressure above a determined value and sends
another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts the oxygen supply.
9. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure
control is placed in the interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in its interior, and that this
control is done through a manual spheric valve, or similar permitting relieving the pressure through an opening in it.
10. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure
control is placed in the interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in its interior, and that this
control is done through a timer that periodically interrupts the oxygen supply by pre-adjustments.

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Title:

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in


water effluents
European Patent Application EP1223148
Kind Code:
A1

Abstract:
Conversion installation system of effluent treatment to be adapted to
superficial aerators in effluent treatment to create a watertight area of
injection and dissolution of pure oxygen which, diluted in liquid means,
will promote the required treatment. It is proposed that basically a chamber
(11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed above the level of
the liquid to be treated and defining internally a watertight chamber (12) of
pure oxygen conditioning injected through a superior entrance (13)
provided in the cover (11).
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Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent Applicati... Page 2 of 5

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Inventors:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

Application Number:
EP20010890006

Publication Date:
07/17/2002

Filing Date:
01/10/2001

View Patent Images:


Images are available in PDF form when logged in. To view PDFs,
Login or Create Account (Free!)

Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation

Assignee:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

International Classes:
B01F3/04; B01F3/04; B01F13/00; B01F13/00; B01F15/00; B01F15/00;
C02F1/74; C02F1/74; C02F3/14; C02F3/16; C02F3/26; C02F3/26; (IPC1
-7): C02F3/14; B01F3/04; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

European Classes:
B01F3/04C6C2; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

Domestic Patent References:


EP0521241Apparatus for enriching waters with oxygen.

Foreign References:
6145815
GB1512225A
4096215

System for enhanced gas dissolution having a hood


positioned over the impeller with segregating rings
Device for applying gas to a liquid

Other References:
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 542 (C-1261), 17
October 1994 (1994-10-17) -& JP 06 190391 A (MASASHI TSUCHIDA),
12 July 1994 (1994-07-12)

Claims:
1. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment, to be preferably
adapted to superficial aerators in effluent treatment, characterized in that
basically a chamber (11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed
above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining internally a
watertight chamber (12) of pure oxygen conditioning injected through a
superior entrance (13) provided in the cover (11).
2. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1, characterized in that a direct contact between the liquid and the cover
walls (11) is avoided, that the gas is enclosed, avoiding its contact with the
air before it is dissolved, that the area of contact of the liquid gas is large
enough to permit oxygen dilution in the effluent and that the mix is
sufficient to dilute the gas.
3. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148A1.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent Applicati... Page 3 of 5

such as a mechanic seal, are provided.


4. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as a sealing system, are provided.
5. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as rubber rings, are provided.
6. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a relief valve controlling
pressure with a spring.
7. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a counterweight.
8. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a pressure controller that
receives a sign of overpressure above a determined value and sends
another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts the oxygen supply.
9. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a manual spheric valve, or
similar permitting relieving the pressure through an opening in it.
10. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any
of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a timer that periodically
interrupts the oxygen supply by pre-adjustments.

Description:
The present report refers to a conversion installation system of effluent
treatment and, specifically, to a constructive system to be adapted to
superficial effluent treatment aerators in a way to create a watertight area
of pure oxygen injection and dissolution which, diluted in liquid means,
will promote the required treatment.
The goal of the present invention is to allow the conversion of effluent
treatment installations that were initially projected to deal with superficial
aerators into an installation that allows the usage of systems of pure
oxygen injection to obtain remarkable efficiency levels in the dissolution
of this gas in liquid means.
It is known that the traditional superficial aeration process views obtaining,
through splash action, a dissolution of the oxygen found in the air (in a
concentration of 21 %) in the liquid means to be treated, to allow an
oxidation of this means achieving an OBD (oxygen biological demand)
and an OCD (oxygen chemical demand), in foam activated process (live
bacteria forming established flakes that need O2 to get energy to be fed).
The biological processes that use pure oxygen demand high
implementation costs due to the necessity of installing new and specific

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148A1.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent Applicati... Page 4 of 5

equipments to such technology. In any process where oxygen must be used


to remove OBD or OCD, a high area of liquid gas is necessary and this is
the reason why there is a splash in conventional aerators, so that a better
incorporation of oxygen, due to the microbubbles of liquid formed, is
allowed.
Another important factor for the gas dissolution is that the splash promotes
a vigorous mix to dilute the oxygen in liquid means.
Therefore, nowadays it is possible to view the process of effluent treatment
through superficial aerators that present as a main basis of work the
dissolution of oxygen found in the air and the biological process that uses
pure oxygen. The first process presents inferior efficiency levels if
compared to the second one, because this last one uses pure oxygen, which
is ideal for the effluent treatment to have excellent results. Despite the
efficiency of the second process, it is also known that if it is applied
directly in aerators of pre-existing surfaces, it will bring the need for large
investments in new installations, such as water treatment plants, because if
this is not done the project will not work out.
Then, the goal of the present invention is to provide the conversion of
effluent treatment installations to be applied in previously installed surface
aerators, including pure oxygen injection to promote, with total efficiency,
a chemical/biological effluent treatment process. This goal is basically
achieved through the placement of a cover above the liquid level where the
surface aerator is installed, so that this cover encloses the pure oxygen that
is injected in its interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen, which, by
the splash action, will promote a slow gas absorption that will be
immediately incorporated and mixed to the liquid means.
A conversion installation system according to the invention is essentially
characterized in that basically a chamber in the format of a cover device is
enclosed, placed above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining
internally a watertight chamber of pure oxygen conditioning injected
through a superior entrance provided in the cover.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent
subclaims.
For a better comprehension, the system will be described in detail, with
references to the attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of
a kind of fixed surface aerator, containing the inventive system; and Fig. 2
is a schematic view of a type of floating surface aerator, also presenting
this invention.
According to the enclosed illustrations, a fixed or floating surface aerator
for effluent treatment 10 receives the adaptation of a cover device 11 that
may have cylindrical or square shape, depending on the necessity or
features of the biological reactor, without material restrictions, if it is
compatible with the effluent to be treated and with pure oxygen.
This cover 11 is placed above the liquid level and it internally defines a
conditioning chamber 12 for the pure oxygen injected through a superior
entrance 13 in the cover. Means of total sealing of the cover 11 are
provided to avoid loss of the injected air - this sealing can be done by
means of a mechanic sealing system, rubber rings or other similar ways.
Being formed this way, the chamber 12 encloses the pure oxygen in its
interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen that, through the splash
action, permits the gas to be slowly absorbed and immediately
incorporated and mixed in the liquid means.
To implement this system it is necessary to observe the following factors :
the gas must be enclosed to avoid its contact with the air before it is

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148A1.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent Applicati... Page 5 of 5

dissolved; the contact area of the liquid gas must be large enough to permit
the oxygen dilution in the effluent, and the mix must be sufficient to dilute
the gas.
To place the cover 11 it must be taken into consideration the fact that the
liquid cannot be in direct contact with the cover walls, because it would
cause the growth of droplets, forming a film and damaging the gas
utilization. Controlling pressure in the interior of the chamber 11 is
important to avoid a variation of the liquid column in its interior and, this
control can be done in several ways, such as: through the relief valve,
controlling the pressure with a spring, counterweight or any other means
that permit relieving the pressure in the interior of the chamber, or through
a pressure controller that receives a sign of overpressure above a
determined value and sends another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts
the oxygen supplying;
or through a manual spheric valve, or similar, that permits relieving the
pressure through a timer that stops the oxygen supplying by preadjustments.
The system of oxygen pressure control can be fixed in the chamber 11 or
in a remote way, being placed in the supplying oxygen panel.
Depending on the installing features, perilous area, discharge control or
any other that might be necessary, specific control devices as a manometer,
thermometer, process controller can be used.
It must be understood that this system can also be applied in other
situations, independent of effluent or water treatment, whenever it is
necessary to dissolve any gas in liquid means, provided that there is a
mixture system and a saturate chamber with the gas to be dissolved.

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Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 1 of 5

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Title:

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in


water effluents
European Patent Application EP1223148
Kind Code:
A1

Abstract:
Conversion installation system of effluent treatment to be adapted to
superficial aerators in effluent treatment to create a watertight area of
injection and dissolution of pure oxygen which, diluted in liquid means,
will promote the required treatment. It is proposed that basically a chamber
(11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed above the level of
the liquid to be treated and defining internally a watertight chamber (12) of
pure oxygen conditioning injected through a superior entrance (13)
provided in the cover (11).
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 2 of 5

Inventors:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

Application Number:
EP20010890006

Publication Date:
07/17/2002

Filing Date:
01/10/2001

View Patent Images:


Images are available in PDF form when logged in. To view PDFs,
Login or Create Account (Free!)

Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation

Assignee:
Bacicurinski, Bernardo Mauricio (BR)

International Classes:
B01F3/04; B01F3/04; B01F13/00; B01F13/00; B01F15/00; B01F15/00;
C02F1/74; C02F1/74; C02F3/14; C02F3/16; C02F3/26; C02F3/26; (IPC1
-7): C02F3/14; B01F3/04; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

European Classes:
B01F3/04C6C2; C02F3/16; C02F3/26

Domestic Patent References:


EP0521241Apparatus for enriching waters with oxygen.

Foreign References:
6145815
GB1512225A
4096215

System for enhanced gas dissolution having a hood


positioned over the impeller with segregating rings
Device for applying gas to a liquid

Other References:
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 542 (C-1261), 17
October 1994 (1994-10-17) -& JP 06 190391 A (MASASHI TSUCHIDA),
12 July 1994 (1994-07-12)

Claims:
1. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment, to be preferably
adapted to superficial aerators in effluent treatment, characterized in that
basically a chamber (11) in the format of a cover device is enclosed, placed
above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining internally a
watertight chamber (12) of pure oxygen conditioning injected through a
superior entrance (13) provided in the cover (11).
2. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1, characterized in that a direct contact between the liquid and the cover
walls (11) is avoided, that the gas is enclosed, avoiding its contact with the
air before it is dissolved, that the area of contact of the liquid gas is large
enough to permit oxygen dilution in the effluent and that the mix is
sufficient to dilute the gas.
3. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as a mechanic seal, are provided.
4. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 3 of 5

such as a sealing system, are provided.


5. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to claim
1 or 2, characterized in that means of total sealing of the chamber (11),
such as rubber rings, are provided.
6. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a relief valve controlling
pressure with a spring.
7. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a counterweight.
8. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a pressure controller that
receives a sign of overpressure above a determined value and sends
another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts the oxygen supply.
9. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any of
the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a manual spheric valve, or
similar permitting relieving the pressure through an opening in it.
10. Conversion installation system of effluent treatment according to any
of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a pressure control is placed in the
interior of the chamber (12), avoiding the variation of the liquid column in
its interior, and that this control is done through a timer that periodically
interrupts the oxygen supply by pre-adjustments.

Description:
The present report refers to a conversion installation system of effluent
treatment and, specifically, to a constructive system to be adapted to
superficial effluent treatment aerators in a way to create a watertight area
of pure oxygen injection and dissolution which, diluted in liquid means,
will promote the required treatment.
The goal of the present invention is to allow the conversion of effluent
treatment installations that were initially projected to deal with superficial
aerators into an installation that allows the usage of systems of pure
oxygen injection to obtain remarkable efficiency levels in the dissolution
of this gas in liquid means.
It is known that the traditional superficial aeration process views obtaining,
through splash action, a dissolution of the oxygen found in the air (in a
concentration of 21 %) in the liquid means to be treated, to allow an
oxidation of this means achieving an OBD (oxygen biological demand)
and an OCD (oxygen chemical demand), in foam activated process (live
bacteria forming established flakes that need O2 to get energy to be fed).
The biological processes that use pure oxygen demand high
implementation costs due to the necessity of installing new and specific
equipments to such technology. In any process where oxygen must be used
to remove OBD or OCD, a high area of liquid gas is necessary and this is
the reason why there is a splash in conventional aerators, so that a better

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 4 of 5

incorporation of oxygen, due to the microbubbles of liquid formed, is


allowed.
Another important factor for the gas dissolution is that the splash promotes
a vigorous mix to dilute the oxygen in liquid means.
Therefore, nowadays it is possible to view the process of effluent treatment
through superficial aerators that present as a main basis of work the
dissolution of oxygen found in the air and the biological process that uses
pure oxygen. The first process presents inferior efficiency levels if
compared to the second one, because this last one uses pure oxygen, which
is ideal for the effluent treatment to have excellent results. Despite the
efficiency of the second process, it is also known that if it is applied
directly in aerators of pre-existing surfaces, it will bring the need for large
investments in new installations, such as water treatment plants, because if
this is not done the project will not work out.
Then, the goal of the present invention is to provide the conversion of
effluent treatment installations to be applied in previously installed surface
aerators, including pure oxygen injection to promote, with total efficiency,
a chemical/biological effluent treatment process. This goal is basically
achieved through the placement of a cover above the liquid level where the
surface aerator is installed, so that this cover encloses the pure oxygen that
is injected in its interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen, which, by
the splash action, will promote a slow gas absorption that will be
immediately incorporated and mixed to the liquid means.
A conversion installation system according to the invention is essentially
characterized in that basically a chamber in the format of a cover device is
enclosed, placed above the level of the liquid to be treated and defining
internally a watertight chamber of pure oxygen conditioning injected
through a superior entrance provided in the cover.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent
subclaims.
For a better comprehension, the system will be described in detail, with
references to the attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of
a kind of fixed surface aerator, containing the inventive system; and Fig. 2
is a schematic view of a type of floating surface aerator, also presenting
this invention.
According to the enclosed illustrations, a fixed or floating surface aerator
for effluent treatment 10 receives the adaptation of a cover device 11 that
may have cylindrical or square shape, depending on the necessity or
features of the biological reactor, without material restrictions, if it is
compatible with the effluent to be treated and with pure oxygen.
This cover 11 is placed above the liquid level and it internally defines a
conditioning chamber 12 for the pure oxygen injected through a superior
entrance 13 in the cover. Means of total sealing of the cover 11 are
provided to avoid loss of the injected air - this sealing can be done by
means of a mechanic sealing system, rubber rings or other similar ways.
Being formed this way, the chamber 12 encloses the pure oxygen in its
interior, creating a rich atmosphere in oxygen that, through the splash
action, permits the gas to be slowly absorbed and immediately
incorporated and mixed in the liquid means.
To implement this system it is necessary to observe the following factors :
the gas must be enclosed to avoid its contact with the air before it is
dissolved; the contact area of the liquid gas must be large enough to permit
the oxygen dilution in the effluent, and the mix must be sufficient to dilute
the gas.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1223148.html

8/22/2009

Device for the injection and dissolution of oxygen in water effluents - Patent EP12231... Page 5 of 5

To place the cover 11 it must be taken into consideration the fact that the
liquid cannot be in direct contact with the cover walls, because it would
cause the growth of droplets, forming a film and damaging the gas
utilization. Controlling pressure in the interior of the chamber 11 is
important to avoid a variation of the liquid column in its interior and, this
control can be done in several ways, such as: through the relief valve,
controlling the pressure with a spring, counterweight or any other means
that permit relieving the pressure in the interior of the chamber, or through
a pressure controller that receives a sign of overpressure above a
determined value and sends another sign to a solenoid valve that interrupts
the oxygen supplying;
or through a manual spheric valve, or similar, that permits relieving the
pressure through a timer that stops the oxygen supplying by preadjustments.
The system of oxygen pressure control can be fixed in the chamber 11 or
in a remote way, being placed in the supplying oxygen panel.
Depending on the installing features, perilous area, discharge control or
any other that might be necessary, specific control devices as a manometer,
thermometer, process controller can be used.
It must be understood that this system can also be applied in other
situations, independent of effluent or water treatment, whenever it is
necessary to dissolve any gas in liquid means, provided that there is a
mixture system and a saturate chamber with the gas to be dissolved.

<- Previous Patent (Process for the prep...) | Next Patent (Silsesquioxane-coate...) ->

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Efluentes

Contaminao Ambiental
por Emisses de
Aerossis, Volteis e Odor
Provocados por Aeradores
Resumo

Formao de aerossis

altamente difundido o uso de


aeradores convencionais para
tratamento de efluentes domsticos
e industriais que, pela gerao de
gotculas de lquido, conseguem incorporar oxignio captado do ar,
permitindo a oxigenao do meio
para oxidao qumica de resduos, alm de fornecer o oxignio necessrio para respirao dos microorganismos em processos de lodos
ativados ou mesmo nos processos
de lagoas aeradas.
Apesar dos benefcios obtidos
com a aplicao de tal tecnologia,
os aerossis formados no processo
transportam a grandes distncias
(dependendo da velocidade do vento) microorganismos patognicos,
comprometendo no s a sade dos
operadores da estao de tratamento, mas expondo, tambm, toda a
populao local contaminao
pela absoro de vrus e bactrias
pelo trato respiratrio.
Outros tipos de efeitos decorrentes da atividade de aeradores a
difuso de volteis e emanao de
odores no meio ambiente.

s aerossis podem ser definidos


como partculas slidas ou lquidas
suspensas em um meio gasoso (Cetesb,
1978). As partculas, de tamanho varivel entre 0,001 a 1000 m, so estveis no mnimo por alguns segundos
e, em certos casos, podem permanecer
suspensas por um ano ou mais.
A palavra aerossol surgiu por volta de 1920, em analogia ao termo
hidrossol, designao utilizada para
definir uma suspenso lquida estvel.
Apesar da expresso aerossol ser popularmente utilizada com referncia a
produtos pressurizados em embalagem
tipo spray, o conceito cientfico mais
abrangente, incluindo nesta terminologia uma gama de fenmenos entre
os quais fumaa, poeira, nvoa, neblina ou nuvem. (Cavinato, 1991)
Os aerossis so produzidos por
dois mecanismos principais: condensao e disperso.
Nos produzidos por condensao,
como neblinas e fumos, as partculas slidas formam, freqentemente, agregados frouxos decorrentes da coagulao
de um grande nmero de fragmentos de
forma esfrica ou cristalina regular.

Fotos: Technion

Bernardo Mauricio Bacicurinski;


Engenheiro mecnico; especialista em meio ambiente;
scio-gerente da Technion Consultoria

Aerossis produzidos por condensao.

Os aerossis produzidos por disperso resultam da desintegrao mecnica


de materiais lquidos ou slidos, originando partculas com grande variao de aspecto e tamanho, podendo estar isolados
ou constituir aglomerados irregulares.
Nos corpos dgua, a emisso de
aerossis por disperso ocorre freqentemente, seja por respingos ou por bolhas de ar que, produzidas por ondas, quedas de gua e corredeiras, se rompem na
superfcie lquida. Durante o processo de
aerao, a quantidade de gua aerolizada
pode variar de 0,1 a 2 porcento do volume de gua movimentado pelo splash.
As partculas de aerossol aderem
firmemente a qualquer superfcie de
contato, sendo esta uma das propriedades que distingue os aerossis das

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Efluentes

Aerossis produzidos por disperso

molculas gasosas. As partculas slidas ou lquidas, ao entrarem em contato umas com as outras, normalmente
se aderem, formando agregados na
forma de complexos coloidais.
Os mtodos de coleta de aerossis
se baseiam no conceito de foras de
adeso das partculas a uma superfcie, sendo estas afetadas pelo tipo de
material, aspereza e contaminao da
superfcie, umidade relativa, temperatura, durao do contato e velocidade inicial de contato.

Contaminao por
Microorganismos

entre 104 e 107 bactrias por ml de


efluente. A maior parte destas bactrias
constituda pelo grupo coliformes, habitantes tpicos do intestino humano e de
outros animais homeotermos.
Esses microorganismos so eliminados com as fezes em grande quantidade
(estima-se que cada pessoa seja responsvel pela eliminao de 400 a 500 bilhes
de coliformes por dia). A bactria coliforme, salvo raras excees, no provocam
doenas, mas, quando excretadas por uma
pessoa doente, ela vem acompanhada por
microorganismos patognicos, entre os
quais virus, bactrias, protozorios e vermes. por esta razo que a presena de
coliformes utilizado como padro de
controle de qualidade de guas, sendo indicador da presena de fezes na gua.
Pesquisas recentes indicam que a
transmisso do SARS (Sndrome Respiratria Aguda) ocorre por uma mutao gentica do Coronavirus, e pode
ser transmitida pelo contato com pessoas contaminadas e mesmo atravs
do trato respiratrio transportado pelo
ar ou por gotculas de aerossis contendo patognicos. Esta sndrome foi

Anncio

Bactrias
Constituio dos efluentes
Os esgotos costumam ser classificados, de acordo com sua origem, em
dois grupos principais:
Sanitrios e Industriais

Os esgotos sanitrios so constitudos essencialmente de despejos domsticos provenientes de residncias,


hospitais ou qualquer edificao que
contenha instalaes de utilizao de
guas para fins domsticos.
A segunda categoria compreende as
guas utilizadas para fins industriais, cuja
composio extremamente diversificada,
dependendo do processo de fabricao.
Apesar de apresentar oscilaes
quanto concentrao e composio
bacteriana, comum obter-se contagem

Bactrias so os microorganismos
mais comuns em efluentes brutos.
Bactrias patognicas possuem
comprimento variando de 0,4 a 1,4
m e largura de 0,2 a 1,2 m. As
bactrias mais comuns em efluentes so: Legionella, Salmonella
typhi, Shigella e Vibrio colrico.

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Efluentes
responsvel pela contaminao de
8380 pessoas na China em novembro
de 2002, provocando 770 mortes.
Vrus

Vrus so inativos quando fora de uma


clula hospedeira. Quando vinculados
a aerossis, possuem a cobertura de
protenas que os protege do meio.
Sua dimenso pode variar de 0,2 a
0,9 m e, diferentemente de bactrias e protozorios, possuem apenas
um cido nuclico (DNA ou RNA).

Protozorio

Agentes mais comuns potencialmente infecciosos presentes em


efluentes no-tratados
Patognico

Doena Provocada

Protoz orio
Amebas
Giardias
Balantiduim Coli
Criptosporidium
Balantidium Coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Helmintios
Ascaris lumbricoides
scaris suum
Ancylostoma duodenal
Necator americanus
Ancilostoma
Trichuris trichiura
Taenia
Toxocara canis
Himenolepis Nana
Emterovirus vermicularis
Enterovirus granulosus
Bactria
Shigella ssp
Salmonella (1700 esteretipos)
Escherichia coli
Yersinia enterocolitica
Leptospira ssp
Legionella
Campilobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Vrus
Enterovrus (72 tipos, entre os quais plio e novos enterovirus)
Hepatitis tipo A
Adenovirus (47 tipos)
Rotavirus (4 tipos)
Parvovirus (3tipos)
Norwalk agent
Reovirus (3tipos)
Astrovirus (5tipos)
Calcivirus (2tipos)
Coronavirus
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
Poliovirus

Transmisso de doenas

Protozorios comuns em corpos de


gua so muito maiores que bactrias e vrus. Para sobreviver s severas condies ambientais, algumas
espcies desenvolvem uma capa protetora chamada cysto. Esta capa
protege os protozorios de processos comuns de desinfeco, facilitando, assim, a disseminao de doenas. Os principais agentes encontrados em efluentes brutos so
Girdia e Cryptosporidium

Ascariose
Tosse e dor no peito
Ancilostomose
Infeco intestinal e duodenal - Ancilostomose
Ancilostomosae
Diarria, anemia, perda de peso
Insnia, anorexia, problemas neurolgicos
Febre, desconforto intestinal, dores musculares
Taeniasis
Diarria
Diarria
Disenteria baciliar, infeces oculares
Diarria forte, enterocolite
Diarria
Infeco pulmonar grave e enterocolite
Infeco generalizada (principalmente rins)
Pneumonia, febre Pontiac
Infeco intestinal
Clera, febre e diarria
Diarria e conjuntivite
Hepatitis infecciosa
Diarria, infeces respiratrias e conjuntivite
Nuseas, vmitos, dores abdominais, diarria e febre
Eritema infeccioso
Gastroenterite, vmitos
Infeces respiratrias
Diarria
Diarria peditrica
Infeces respiratrias, febre e diarria
Meningites, pneumonia, hepatites, febre, etc.
Meningites, pneumonia, hepatites, febre, etc.
Poliomielites

concentrao dos agentes infecciosos necessrios para uma infeco inicial (dose infecciosa);
c) relao entre o poder de transmisso de doenas do agente infeccioso e a susceptibilidade do hospedeiro doena;
b)

Doenas podem ser transmitidas a


seres humanos diretamente, atravs do
contato com a pele, ingesto e inalao de agentes infecciosos, ou indiretamente, atravs do contato com objetos previamente contaminados.
A transmisso de doenas atravs
de aerossis depende de uma srie de
inter-relaes complexas entre o possvel hospedeiro e o agente infeccioso.
Estas variveis incluem:
a)

Amebise disentrica
Giardase (diarria e clica intestinal)
Diarria
Diarria e febre
Diarria
Toxioplasmose

concentrao de microorganismos
na gua a ser tratada;

Para que ocorra a infeco por via


area, necessria a inalao do agente infeccioso e posterior reteno no trato respiratrio, em local prprio ao seu
desenvolvimento.
O grau de infectividade est relacionado ao tamanho das partculas e

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Efluentes
D o s es i n f ec c i o s as d e al g u n s
ag en t es ap r es en t ad o s
Mic r o o r g an is m o

Do s e In f ec c io s a

Echerichia coli

1 0 6 - 1 0 10

(enteropatognico)

Clostridium perfigens
Echerichia coli
Salmonella
(diversas espcies)

Shigella disinteriasis
Shigella tiexnieri
Vibrio colrico
Entamoeba histolyca
Giardia lamblia
Vrus diversos
Ascaris lumbricoides
Helmintios
Cryptosporidium
Eritamoeba cicli

1 0 10
104
102
10 a 102
102
103
20
< 10
1 - 10
1 - 10
1 (estimado)
10 cistos
1 - 10 cistos

Fontes: Feachem et al., 1981, e Feachem et al., 1983/Kowal 1985

profundidade de penetrao, bem


como dosagem mnima do agente
capaz de desenvolver a doena, que
se relaciona, entre outros fatos, resistncia da pessoa portadora.
Vrios estudos foram realizados
para determinar a eficincia das vias
respiratrias na eliminao de partculas pela ao ciliar.
No que tange especificamente
ao de aerossis produzidos em estaes de tratamento de esgotos, podese inferir que, a despeito da maior resistncia de ovos de vermes e cistos
de protozorios s condies ambientais, as chances dos mesmos serem
inalados e desencadear doenas por
essa via de transmisso so consideradas praticamente nulas, o que no

impede que, devido ao grau de disperso no meio, e pelo contato direto com
as mos, a pessoa seja contaminada
aps a manipulao de alimentos ou
mesmo levando a mo a boca.
As referncias bibliogrficas tampouco fazem meno a fungos e s
possibilidades de veiculao desses
seres pelos mecanismos de formao
de aerossis em esgotos.
Os estudos de aerossis realizados
em estaes de despejos domsticos,
especialmente em sistemas de lodos
ativados, tratam, basicamente, das
possibilidades de transmisso de doenas veiculadas por bactrias e vrus.
Uma vez certificada a presena
desses organismos provenientes dos
esgotos no ar, verifica-se que o tamanho apresentado por eles encontra-se
na faixa passvel de penetrao no trato respiratrio. No entanto, necessria a inalao de uma dosagem mnima de aerossis para o desenvolvimento da molstia.
Em condies favorveis, microorganismos patognicos podem sobreviver por longos perodos em meio lquido, bem como no solo.
Fatores que afetam a resistncia dos
tais microorganismos incluem o nmero e tipo, composio orgnica do solo
(a presena de certos tipos de nutrientes permite uma maior resistncia); umidade (microorganismos possuem maior
tempo de vida em solos com maior teor

Anncio

Tempo de sobrevivncia de alguns microorganismos em dias,


temperatura ambiente de 20 - 30 C
Microorganismos
Virusa

gua e efluente

Rios

Solo

Enterovirusb

<120 mas usual <50

<60 mas usual < 15

<100 mas usual <20

<60
<60
<30
<30

<30 mas usual < 15


<30 mas usual < 15
<10 mas usual < 5
<5 mas usual < 2

<70 mas usual <20


<70 mas usual <20

<10 mas usual < 2

<20 mas usual <10

<60 mas usual < 30

Muitos meses

Bactrias
Coliformes fecaisa
Salmonella sppa
Shigella sppa
Vibrio colricoc

mas
mas
mas
mas

usual <30
usual <30
usual <10
usual < 10

<20 mas usual <10

Protoz orios
Ent. Histolytica cystos
Helmintios

<30 mas usual < 15

Ascaris
lumbricoides
(ovos)

muitos meses

a- Em gua salgada, a sobrevivncia viral m enor. Em gua salgada, a sobrevivncia de bactrias sensivelm ente m enor.
b- Inclui plio-, echo- e coxvrus. c - A sobrevivncia em m eio aquoso no estava claram ente definida na data da fonte de
referncia. (Fonte: Feacham et al., 1983)

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Efluentes
de umidade); pH; ndice pluviomtrico
local; nvel de radiao solar (maior
incidncia de raios solares so prejudiciais sobrevivncia de microorganismos); e, finalmente, a fauna
competitiva local.
O grau de sobrevivncia de microorganismos apresenta grandes flutuaes em diferentes condies.
Grau de difuso
de aerossis sob ao
do vento
Em experincia realizadas, foram
encontrados coliformes fecais carregados entre 90 e 120 metros da fonte de
emisso, quando submetidos a uma velocidade do vento de 1,5 m/s, e estimouse que partculas finas poderiam ser carregadas entre 300 a 400 metros da fonte de emisso, quando submetidas a uma
velocidade do vento de 5 m/s.
Outros estudos revelam uma concentrao de colnias de 485 unidades
por metro cbico (CFU/m3) a uma distncia de 21 a 30 metros da fonte geradora. Outro estudo detectou uma concentrao de 37 CFU a 200 metros da
fonte geradora (Bausum et al., 1983).
Durante estudos em Israel foram
coletadas amostras de echovirus 7

coletados a uma distncia de 40 metros


da fonte geradora (sprinklers que utilizavam gua coletada de efluente com
apenas tratamento primrio) (Teltsch e
Katzenelson, 1978).
Em estudos realizados no valo de oxidao em Riacho Grande, So Bernardo
do Campo - SP foram encontradas partculas emitidas a uma distncia de 40 metros
da fonte sob uma ao do vento correspondente a 5 m/s (Cavinato et al., 1999).

o e das propriedades do componente,


caractersticas do efluente e do meio gasoso adjacente ao lquido. A volatilizao
pode ocorrer a baixas temperaturas.
A biodegradao ocorre pela digesto dos microorganismos, quebrando
compostos orgnicos em unidades menores, dependendo o gradiente de decomposio das caractersticas da biota
existente no tratamento.

Disperso de Volteis - VOCs


VOCs so formados por materiais
gasosos, constitudos por componentes
txicos, muitas vezes cancergenos e
precursores de ozono. Estes elementos
volteis so dispersos no meio pelos seguintes mecanismos:





Volatilizao
Evaporao
Biodegradao
Fotodecomposio

Volatilizao o mecanismo mais


importante de emisso atmosfrica, e
ocorre quando molculas de um composto dissolvido escapa para a atmosfera como uma disperso gasosa.
O gradiente de volatilizao na
interface ar-gua depende da concentra-

Anncio

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Efluentes
Outros aspectos importantes na determinao do grau de volatilizao envolvem o grau de agitao, o tempo de
residncia nos tanques de aerao e
clarificador e a velocidade do vento na
superfcie adjacente ao lquido.
De forma geral, e levando em considerao a agitao, pode-se afirmar
que o grau de volatilizao maior no
tanque de aerao que nos clarificadores para compostos volteis com
baixo nvel de biodegradabilidade
(Tansel and Eyma, 1999 ).
O balano de massa global dos componentes volteis na planta de tratamento pode ser escrito como:
Mi Me + Mdeg + Maer + Mcla + Mclarif + Mads = Macum

onde :
M
i
e
deg
aer
cla
clarif

= fluxo de massa mg/s


= efluente bruto
= efluente tratado
= biodegradao
= aerador
= superfcie do clarificador
= clarificado

Hc = Constante de Henry
(Kla)v = Coeficiente volumtrico

de transferncia de massa s-1

Quando Qg desconhecido, pode


ser assumida a relao Qg/Q = 5,5.
Esta relao tem sido freqentemente
utilizada em literaturas (Matter-Muller
et al., 1981) para aerao mecnica.
O fluxo de massa no clarificador pode
ser obtido por:
Mcla = Kvc.Ci,cla.A.cf ,

onde:
Kvc = constante de volatilizao m/s
Ci,cla = Concentrao de compostos vol-

teis na entrada do clarificador, mg/l


A= rea do clarificador em m2
cf = Fator de converso de m3 para litros

Para o clarificado, podemos determinar o fluxo de massa como sendo:


Mclarif = Cu.(1-1/Rv).Q,

amnia e compostos orgnicos de


enxofre e nitrognio.
Industrias que envolvem a gerao
de odores indesejveis incluem, entre
outras, a produo de plsticos, manufatura de borracha, processos da indstria alimentcia (processamento de carnes e peixes), indstrias de papel e celulose, indstria farmacutica e estaes
de tratamento de efluentes, particularmente o processamento e condicionamento de lodo produzido nas estaes.
Normalmente, os odores so devidos aos gases formados pela decomposio de matria orgnica.
guas residuais de origem industrial
possuem odor caracterstico dos produtos que as compe, de forma geral
desagradvel, mas bem mais tolervel
que guas residuais de origem sanitria e que possuem odor caracterstico
de gs sulfdrico (H2S), gerado por
microorganismos anaerbios que reduzem os sulfatos a sulfitos.

onde:
Cu = Concentrao de volteis no

Parmetros de estimao

clarificador ( = Ci,cla )
Rv = Concentrao de volteis no

O balano de massa do efluente bruto pode ser escrito como:


Mi = Qi . Ci

onde :
Q = Vazo em l/s
C = Concentrao de volteis mg/l

Da mesma forma, para o efluente


tratado Me = Qe . Ce, a volatilizao no
tanque de aerao pode ser expressa
da seguinte forma:
Maer = -Qg.Hc.Ceq { 1-exp((-Kla)v.V/(Hc.Qg))}

onde:
Ceq = Concentrao de equilbrio do

componente voltil, mg/l


V = Volume do tanque de aerao, l
Qg = Fluxo de gs deixando a

unidade de aerao, l/s

clarificado na sada do clarificador

Cabe ressaltar ainda que, alm dos


riscos de contaminao, a emisso de
volteis responsvel pela maioria dos
prejuzos provocados nas instalaes e
equipamentos em funo de corroso
provocada pelos mesmos.
Anncio

Emanao de Odores
Um dos problemas mais comuns encontrados em processos de produo e
em estaes de tratamentos de efluentes
a formao de odores, principalmente
em tratamentos sanitrios, que afetam no
s o pessoal operacional envolvido, mas a
comunidade existente nas proximidades.
Podemos identificar algumas fontes geradoras deste efeito, como a
presena de sulfetos, mercaptanas,

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Efluentes
Esgotos domsticos possuem 3-6
mg/l de enxofre e derivados em resduos orgnicos provenientes de derivados de protenas, mais aproximadamente 4 mg/l provenientes de detergentes domsticos e 60 mg/l provenientes
de matria inorgnica.
Em lagoas facultativas, os odores
podem ser produzidos em diversas circunstncias. Freqentemente, sua origem provm da decomposio de massas de algas acumuladas pela ao do
vento nas margens das mesmas.
Em outros casos, principalmente em
lagoas pouco profundas, quando a temperatura da gua elevada, capas de
lodo podem flotar do fundo e subir superfcie. Estas massas de resduos orgnicos acabam acumulando nas margens e ficando cobertas de algas cianfilas. Em geral, a atividade bacteriana
nestes casos intensa e a gerao de
odor inevitvel.
O grande desafio dos projetistas, operadores e tcnicos responsveis pelas
estaes de tratamento justamente tentar controlar os odores gerados pelas estaes, buscando solues e alternativas
que diminuam seu impacto ambiental.
A tabela ao lado indica algumas fontes de gerao de odor e suas principais caractersticas.

Fontes de gerao de odor e suas principais caractersticas


Nome do
componente

Frmula

Peso Volatilida- Limite de Limite de


mole- de a 25oC deteco reconhecime- Odor caracterstico
cular ppm(v/v) ppm(v/v) nto ppm(v/v)
44

Acetaldedo

CH3CHO

Alil mercaptana

CH2:CHCH2SH 74

Amnia

NH3

17

Amil mercaptana

CH3(CH2)4SH

104

Gs
Gs

0,067

0,21

Irritante, fruta

0,001

0,0015

Desagradvel, alho

17

37

Penetrante, irritante

0,0003

Podre

Benzyl mercaptana C6H5CH2SH

124

0,0002

0,0026

Desagradvel, forte

n-Butylamina

CH3(CH2)NH2

73

93000

0,08

1,8

Azedo, acre, amnia

Cloro
Dibutyl amina

Cl2
(C4H9)2NH

71
129

Gs
8000

0,08
0,016

0,31
-

Pungente, sufocante
Peixe
Peixe

Diisopropilamina

(C3H7)2NH

101

0,13

0,38

Dimetil amina

(CH3)2NH

45

Gs

0,34

Peixe podre

Dimetil sulfeto

(CH3)2S

62

830000

0,001

0,001

Repolho podre

Difenil sulfeto

(C6H5)2S

186

100

0,0001

0,0021

Desagradvel

Etil amina

C2H5NH2

45

Gs

0,27

1,7

Amnia

Etil mercaptana

C2H5SH

62

710000

0,0003

0,001

Repolho podre

Gs sulfdrico

H2S

34

Gs

0,0005

0,0047

Ovo podre

ndole

C6H4(CH2)NH

117

360

0,0001

Fecal

Metilamina

CH3NH2

31

Gs

4,7

Peixe podre

Metilmercaptana

CH3SH

48

Gs

0,0005

0,001

Repolho podre

Oznio

O3

48

Gs

0,5

Penetrante, irritante

Fenil mercaptana

C6H5SH

110

2000

0,0003

0,0015

Alho podre

Propil mercaptana

C3H7SH

76

220000

0,0005

0,02

Desagradvel

Piridina

C5H5N

79

27000

0,66

0,74

Penetrante, irritante

Escatol

C9H9N

131

200

0,001

0,05

Fecal, nauseabundo

Dixido se enxofre

SO2

64

Gs

2,7

4,4

Penetrante, irritante

Tiocresol

CH3C6H4SH

124

0,0001

Trimetil amina

(CH3)3N

59

0,0004

Gs

Sistema proposto
Foi desenvolvido e patenteado no
Brasil um sistema que permite a eliminao completa dos aerossis gerados
pelos aeradores fixos (tanto aeradores

Penetrante, peixe

verticais, quanto valos de oxidao) e


sistemas com aeradores flutuantes.
Basicamente, o sistema consiste
de uma cobertura, dimensionada especificamente para cada caso, que
permite manter a integridade do

Anncio

54

45 Ed All.p65

Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

54

31/10/2003, 09:38

Efluentes
Bibliografia
 Bacicurinski B. M. e Mattio J. A.;
Eliminao de Odores Utilizando Sistema de Lodos Ativados, Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial 32: pgs 112-117, 2001.
 Jimnez Rodrigo et al.; Investigation
of the Emission of Monocyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons from a Wastewater
Treatment Plant at Lauzane (Switzerland) by Differential Optical Absorption
Spectroscopy, Atmospheric Environment, 1999.

Estao trabalhando antes da implantao do sistema (esquerda) e a mesma estao


trabalhando aps a implantao do sistema (direita)

splash, sem mudar as caractersticas


de mistura, portanto, a suspenso de
slidos, e ainda permite (caso haja a
necessidade de aumentar a capacidade de tratamento da estao e/ou
sua eficincia) transformar a estao,
que inicialmente trabalhava com ar
convencional, para oxignio puro.
Caso no seja necessria a transformao, o sistema dotado de soprador que insufla a quantidade de ar
necessria para obter a eficincia necessria de tratamento.
O custo desta transformao
sensivelmente inferior ao de uma reforma total, e pode ser executado com
a estao em pleno funcionamento,
sem provocar nenhuma interrupo
no processo de tratamento inicial e

causar, assim, transtornos para o processo industrial.


Outra vantagem do sistema desenvolvido a eliminao de odores, conteno de volteis e reduo sensvel
do nvel de rudos.
Medies de campo efetuadas por
cromatografia permitiram detectar
uma reduo de 70% na emisso de
volteis nos tanques de aerao aps
a implementao do sistema.
O sistema foi desenvolvido com
materiais de alta resistncia em parceria com fornecedores nacionais, garantindo, assim, um sistema seguro e
duradouro, sem praticamente nenhum
custo adicional de manuteno durante a vida do mesmo, por se tratar de
um equipamento esttico.

 Tansel Berrin and Eyma Ronald;


Volatile Organic Contaminant Emissions
from Wastewater Treatment Plants During
Secondary Treatment, Water, Air and
Soil Pollution 112: 315-325,1999.
 Smith James E. and Farrell Joseph
B.; Fate of Pathogens During the Sewage
Sludge Treatment Process and After Land
Application, EPA; 2003.
 Grabow Willie; SARS can it be
Transmitted by Water, Water21 pp 2125, August 2003.
 Bacicurinski B. M.; Relatrio de
Testes de Campnulas, apresentado
Petrleo Brasileiro Petrobrs, REVAP Refinaria do Vale do Paraba, 2000.
 Bacicurinski B. M.; Relatrio e Manual de Operao das Campnulas,
apresentado Petrleo Brasileiro
Petrobrs RECAP Refinaria de
Capuava , 2001. 

Anncio

Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

45 Ed All.p65

55

55

31/10/2003, 09:38

Eliminao de odores

Eliminao de odores
utilizando Sistema de
Lodos Ativados
Bernardo M. Bacicurinski
engenheiro mecnico, especialista em Meio Ambiente, diretor tcnico da Technion Consultoria
Jos Alfredo Mattio
engenheiro qumico, gerente de Mercado Meio Ambiente da Air Liquide Brasil

Introduo
Um dos problemas mais comuns
encontrados em processos de produo e em estaes de tratamentos de
efluentes a formao de odores, principalmente em tratamentos sanitrios
que afetam no s o pessoal
operacional envolvido, mas a comunidade existente nas proximidades.
Podemos identificar como algumas
fontes geradoras deste efeito a presena de sulfetos, mercaptanas, amnia
e compostos orgnicos de enxofre e
nitrognio.
Indstrias que envolvem a gerao
de odores indesejveis incluem, entre

outras, a produo de plsticos, manufatura de borracha, processos da


indstria alimentcia (processamento
de carnes e peixes), indstrias de papel e celulose, indstria farmacutica
e estaes de tratamento de efluentes,
particularmente o processamento e
condicionamento de lodo produzido
nas estaes.
Normalmente, os odores so devidos aos gases formados pela decomposio de matria orgnica.
guas residuais de origem industrial possuem odor caracterstico dos
produtos que as compe, de forma
geral desagradvel, mas bem mais tolervel que guas residuais de origem

sanitria e que possuem odor caracterstico de gs sulfdrico ( H2S), gerado por microorganismos anaerbios
que reduzem os sulfatos a sulfitos.
Esgotos domsticos possuem 3-6
mg/l de enxofre e derivados em resduos orgnicos provenientes de derivados de protenas, mais aproximadamente 4 mg/l provenientes de detergentes domsticos e 60 mg/l provenientes de matria inorgnica.
Em lagoas facultativas os odores
podem ser produzidos em diversas
circunstncias. Freqentemente, sua
origem provm da decomposio de
massas de algas acumuladas pela ao
do vento nas margens das mesmas.

112

33edio.p65

Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

112

5/10/2001, 21:04

Eliminao de odores
Em outros casos, principalmente
em lagoas pouco profundas, quando
a temperatura da gua elevada, capas de lodo podem flotar do fundo e
subir superfcie. Estas massas de resduos orgnicos acabam acumulando nas margens e ficando cobertas de
algas cianfilas. Em geral, a atividade bacteriana nestes casos intensa e
a gerao de odor inevitvel.
O grande desafio dos projetistas,
operadores e tcnicos responsveis
pelas estaes de tratamento justamente tentar controlar os odores geN o m e do
co m po n e n te

F rm u la

rados pelas estaes, buscando solues e alternativas que diminuam seu


impacto ambiental.
A tabela abaixo indica algumas
fontes de gerao de odor e suas principais caractersticas:

Sistema PProposto
roposto
Como mostrado na tabela acima,
a maior parte das substncias geradoras de odor gasosa sob presso atmosfrica ou possui alta volatilidade.
A volatilidade mostrada na tabela

por partes por milho (ppm[v/v]) e


igual presso de vapor. O peso
molecular destas substncias geralmente se encontram em valores entre
30 a 150. Normalmente, baixo peso
molecular de um componente, implica alta presso de vapor e maior potencial de emisso na atmosfera.
Substncias com alto peso molecular
so normalmente menos volteis e
assim menor seu potencial de emisso atmosfrica.
Tradicionalmente os odores so tratados utilizando trs processos, sendo:
L im ite de
re co n h e cim e n to
ppm (v /v )

P eso
m o le cu la r

Vo la tilida de a
2 5 o C ppm (v /v )

L im ite de de te c o
ppm (v /v )

Gs

0,067

0,21

Irri tante, fruta

0,001

0,0015

D esagradvel, alho

17

37

Penetrante, i rri tante

0,0003

Podre

Acetaldedo

C H3C HO

44

Ali l mercaptana

C H2:C HC H2SH

74

Amni a

NH3

17

Ami l mercaptana

C H3(C H2)4SH

104

Gs

O do r ca ra cte rs tico

Benzyl mercaptana

C 6H5C H2SH

124

0,0002

0,0026

D esagradvel, forte

n-Butylami na

C H3(C H2)NH2

73

93000

0,080

1,8

Azedo, acre, amni a

C loro

C l2

71

Gs

0,080

0,31

Pungente, sufocante

D i butyl ami na

(C 4H9)2NH

129

8000

0,016

Pei xe

D i i sopropi lami na

(C 3H7)2NH

101

0,13

0,38

Pei xe

D i meti l ami na

(C H3)2NH

45

Gs

0,34

Pei xe podre

D i meti l sulfeto

(C H3)2S

62

830000

0,001

0,001

Repolho podre

D i feni l sulfeto

(C 6H5)2S

186

100

0,0001

0,0021

D esagradvel

Eti l ami na

C 2H5NH2

45

Gs

0,27

1,7

Amni a

Eti l mercaptana

C 2H5SH

62

710000

0,0003

0,001

Repolho podre

Gs sulfdri co

H2S

34

Gs

0,0005

0,0047

Ovo podre

ndole

C 6H4(C H2)NH

117

360

0,0001

F e ca l

Meti lami na

C H3NH2

31

Gs

4,7

Pei xe podre

Meti lmercaptana

C H3SH

48

Gs

0,0005

0,0010

Repolho podre

Ozni o

O3

48

Gs

0,5

Penetrante, i rri tante

Feni l mercaptana

C 6H5SH

110

2000

0,0003

0,0015

Alho podre

Propi l mercaptana

C 3H7SH

76

220000

0,0005

0,020

D esagradvel

Pi ri di na

C 5H5N

79

27000

0,66

0,74

Penetrante, i rri tante

Escatol

C 9H9N

131

200

0,001

0,050

Fecal, nauseabundo

D i xi do se enxofre

SO2

64

Gs

2,7

4,4

Penetrante, i rri tante

Ti ocresol

C H3C 6H4SH

124

0,0001

Tri meti l ami na

(C H3)3N

59

Gs

0,0004

114

33edio.p65

Penetrante, pei xe
Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

114

5/10/2001, 21:05

Eliminao de odores
-

Biolgico - Biofiltros,
biotecnologia;
Qumico Lavadores de gases
(scrubbers), oxidao;
Fsico Condensao, filtros
de carvo ativo.

O tratamento biolgico para abatimento de odores tem ganhado importncia nos


anos 90, no s pelo baixo custo apresentado para implementar o sistema, mas pela
boa eficincia apresentada. Neste processo, o aproveitamento de reatores biolgicos (lodos ativados) vem crescendo ano a
ano e uma boa opo para estaes que
j possuem estes sistemas.
Os mecanismos de difuso do gs
no meio lquido compreendem os seguintes mecanismos:

c Oxidao Biolgica Consiste


na digesto de componentes por
microorganismos ativos no floco e
que
foram
inicialmente
adsorvidos.
Estes mecanismos so seguidos
de digesto biolgica promovida
pelos microorganismos existentes
no reator biolgico.
Os gases so recolhidos em sua
fonte de gerao e transferidos por
sopradores a dutos que transportam
e injetam estes gases dentro do
reator biolgico.

Performance de remoo de odores utilizando lodos ativados:

O Turboxal um oxigenador superficial


compacto com alta eficincia de
transferncia, que pode ser utilizado para
a transferncia do oxignio ao meio
lquido e tambm do gs a ser tratado

Como limitao da tcnica,


c Absoro Dissoluo do gs no
pode-se apontar:
meio lquido. Componentes responsveis pela gerao de odor so
sistema. O grau de inibio depen1. aumento de carga orgnica no reinjetados na forma de gs no meio
de da concentrao de H2S introator biolgico;
lquido. Elementos solveis em
2. a introduo de sulfetos (dependuzido, da composio e
gua (tais como gs sulfdrico) so
dendo da quantidade) no reator biaclimatao da biomassa existenabsorvidos pelo lquido. A capaolgico, inibe a nitrificao e pode
te no tanque, da temperatura na
cidade de absoro do gs funprovocar bulking (lodo fofo) no
o da rea de contato
qual estes gases so inE fici n cia
N v e l de ca rga
S u b s t n cia
R e fe r n cia s
das bolhas, tempo de
de re m o o ( g/k g-M L S S /d )
troduzidos, que podem
contato e o coeficiente BTEX*
afetar no s a solubili>99
15-17 BTEX/l/d Bi elefeldt et al.., 1997
de difuso do gs.
dade do gs mas tamH2S
96
7
Fukuyama et al.., 1986
c Adsoro Componenbm o crescimento de
H2S
95
15
tes com baixa solubilimicroorganismos.
35
0,2 l/l
dade so adsorvidos Sulfeto de dimetila
3. Em reatores que pos33,9
0,059 l/l
dentro do floco. Alguns Disulfeto de carbono
suem aeradores, o
99
<15
componentes com alto H2S
splash levantado pode
99
<9
peso molecular e baixa (CH3)2S
permitir que gases vosolubilidade so fisica- Trimetilamina
99
168
lteis sejam liberados
mente adsorvidos dentro Monoetilamina
99
192
e, neste caso, o aumendo floco biolgico, que Isopropanol
to de odor inevitvel,
99,5
94
deve estar numa concenou seja, mesmo sendo
Kasakura e
96
trao de 100 a 2.000 Amnia
Tatsukawa, 1995
injetado no interior do
mg/l no meio lquido.
tanque de aerao, esMeti lmercaptana
99
c Condensao Elemen- Metil disulfeto
tes gases tm a tendn98
tos volteis a altas temcia
de
serem
Mi stura de gases**
92,6 - 93,7
Oppelt et al.., 1999
peraturas condensam
succionados
pelo
99,9
em contato com o meio H2S
splash e liberados para
lquido que est a tem- **B* MTEisXtu-ragdse cgoansteesndcoonBteenndzeonBoe, Tnozeluneon,oC, Elotriolbeetanzneon, oCelorXoiflernmoio, Etilbenzeno, Hexano, Tolueno, 1,2,4a atmosfera.
peraturas mais baixas. Trimetilbenzeno , Acetato de vinila, M-xileno, O-Xileno, P-xileno.
116

33edio.p65

Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

116

5/10/2001, 21:06

Eliminao de odores
Referncias Bibliogrficas:

Figura 2

Figura 1

- Cha Samuel S. Measuring Volatile


Organic Compounds and Odors Industrial Water - May/June 2000- pg
32 - 36
Browker Robert P.G. et al Odor
Control In Wastewater Treatments
Plants- Water Enviroment Federation and American Society of Civil
Engineers - 1995
Browker P.G. Robert Activated Sludge
Diffusion - Water Enviroment and
Technology - February 1999 - pg 30-35
Browker P.G. Biological odour
control by diffusion into activated
sludge basisns - Water Science and
Technology - Vol 41 No 6 pp 127- 132
Arnold David L.B. Control of Odour
Emissions With Ozone - Chemistry
and Industry - January 1997
Gloyna F. Ernest Estanques
de Estabilizacin
de
Aguas
Residuales - Organizacin Mundial
de la Salud Ginebra - 1973

Figura 3

Processos e TTecnologias
ecnologias
O aumento de carga no reator biolgico pode ser compensado pelo
aporte necessrio de oxignio ao sistema e tambm pelo ajuste da concentrao de microrganismos adequada
nova situao (ajuste da relao F/M
no reator).
Apropriados para intervir rapidamente em sistemas com carga de choque frequente e na estabilizao do
oxignio dissolvido no meio lquido,
os processos a oxignio puro podem
garantir a performance do processo,
bem como a mistura tima requerida
para a operao (fig.1).
Sistemas combinados tambm podem trazer bons resultados, transformando-se os aeradores convencionais
para sistemas fechados com
campnulas onde o gs a ser tratado
introduzido a baixa presso e posteriormente dissolvido no lquido (fig.2).

Neste caso, evita-se o efeito


de emisso de gases no prprio reator biolgico, ou seja,
a utilizao de campnulas
evita a emisso de gases
pelo splash do aerador,
promovendo um abafamento destes. Este tipo de
tecnologia pode ser aplicada tanto em aeradores fixos
como flutuantes.
A
utilizao
de
campnulas no s evita a emisso de
elementos volteis, como permite,
pelo aproveitamento das caractersticas de mistura dos aeradores, injetar
oxignio puro com excelente eficincia de dissoluo.
Nos casos onde a corrente de
gs a ser tratada excede a carga
mxima de projeto da estao,
pode-se utilizar uma etapa intermediria de oxidao, onde o gs
absorvido em meio lquido e oxidado parcialmente com oznio at
atingir os nveis exigidos para que
a corrente lquida seja ento submetida oxidao biolgica no sistema de lodos ativados (fig. 3).
Recomenda-se, no entanto, um
trabalho experimental em escala
piloto para investigar e avaliar os
possveis efeitos de cargas de choque e possveis perodos de
aclimatao necessrios para a estabilizao do processo.

DATA
SESMT

Revista Meio Ambiente Industrial

33edio.p65

117

117

8/10/2001, 15:22

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Voc Biotreatment Through Wastewater Recirculation


In Tubular Reactor Complemented By Activated
Sludge Reactor(AE-2a-3)

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Presented by D. Saggese,1 B. M. Bacicurinski,2 B. N. V. Martignoni,1 T. Tanaka3;


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Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Tch Technion, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3Petrobras, Maua,
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2009 Air & Waste Management Association. All rights reserved.

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AE-2a-3.502
Voc Biotreatment Through Wastewater Recirculation In Tubular Reactor
Complemented By Activated Sludge Reactor
D. Saggese,1 B. M. Bacicurinski,2 B. N. V. Martignoni,1 T. Tanaka3; 1Petrobras, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, 2Tch Technion, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3Petrobras, Maua, Brazil
Wastewater Biologic Treatment can be source of emissions and odors in case of fail or
when the operational protocol is neglected, but it can also be successfully applied as
source of new biologic treatment of emissions and gaseous odors of API tanks.
Volatile Organic Compounds emitted by API tanks can be biologically treated through
two steps in the activated sludge reactor. The first is the low solubility gas adsorption on
the biologic flake superficial area, followed by the VOC microbial biodegradation.
Depending of the biota decomposition gradient and considering reactor aerobic
conditions, it will break down hydrocarbons in lower chains followed by the oxidation of
the organic gas to more stable compounds as water and carbon dioxide.
The challenge in this gas/liquid treatment consists in the gas and vapors capture and
transport to the activated sludge treatment unit. The proposed system allows VOC to be
incorporated in the liquid fase through the cycle effluent recirculation formed by a
tubular reactor, where the process starts. Risks inherent to the VOC transport are
eliminated and the circulating liquid is taken from the WBT activated sludge reactor and
the mix VOC/Liquid returns to it to finalize the biologic treatment. This process presents
the advantage in using the existing WBT, low capital costs and is able to treat different
sources of VOC from the Wastewater Treatment Plant without incorporating new cost to
the system.
3

A 1 m /h Pilot Plant of the VOC Biotreatment through Wastewater Recirculation in


Tubular Reactor complemented by Activated Sludge Reactor process is installed in
Capuava Refinery of Petrobras, Mau/SP, Brazil, to treat biologically high BOD effluent.
In this plant, tests of biological degradation of VOC extracted from the API are planned.
The results will show the impact on the activated sludge system, maximum capacity of
VOC biologic degradation, and maximum toxicity that the system is able to handle
without disturbing the running existing treatment.

http://www.conferencearchives.com/awma/2009/abstracts/AE-2a-3.502_a.html

6/15/2009

TQS - Palestra IE - 06/12/2001 - Sistema de Potencializao e Cobertura para Aeradores Mecnicos em Pro
Seg, 03 de Dezembro de 2001 09:54

Diviso de Engenharia de Segurana


Diviso de Gerenciamento de Empreendimentos
Diviso de Estudos Ambientais
Diviso de Engenharia Sanitria
Diviso de Informtica

Sistema de Potencializao e Cobertura para Aeradores


Mecnicos em Processos Biolgicos
Expositor:

Eng. Bernardo M. Bacicurinski


- Engenheiro mecnico, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 1981;
- Diretor Tcnico da Technion Consultoria;
- Trabalhou como professor universitrio na Universidade So Francisco;
- Detentor de 3 patentes, sendo uma internacional em sistemas de diluio de gs em meio
lquido, com nfase em tratamento de efluentes;
- Trabalhou no centro de pesquisas da Praxair- White Martins no desenvolvimento de
novas tecnologias.

Abordagem:
tradicional em tratamento de efluentes, em processos de lodos ativados a utilizao de
aeradores mecnicos para fornecimento de oxignio necessrio para promover oxidao
qumica de resduos industriais, e respirao de microorganismos existentes no meio a ser
tratado. O sistema de aerao sem dvida o mais eficiente para aplicao em reatores
biolgicos e lagoas de aerao. Apesar dos benefcios apresentados, surge atravs deste
sistema a gerao de odores, emanao de aerossis (bolhas de lquido que carregam em seu
interior microorganismos muitas vezes patognios e que podem alcanar distncias superiores
a 500 metros da fonte de gerao).

A Technion desenvolveu e patenteou tecnologia que permite proteger o ambiente sem provocar
perda de eficincia nos aeradores mecnicos e permite ainda transformar o sistema para
trabalhar com oxignio puro sem custos adicionais.

1/2

TQS - Palestra IE - 06/12/2001 - Sistema de Potencializao e Cobertura para Aeradores Mecnicos em Pro
Seg, 03 de Dezembro de 2001 09:54

Assim sendo a tecnologia apresentada pode ser aplicada para soluo dos seguintes
problemas:
1. Gerao de odor.
2. Formao de aerossis
3. Corroso ambiental
4. Necessidade complementar de oxignio
5. Abordagem:
6. Introduo
7. Formao de aerossis
8. Principais microorganismos existentes em efluentes e doenas transmitidas
9. Outros problemas decorrentes da emanao de aerossis
10. Soluo apresentada

Inscries:
Inscries gratuitas pelo tel. 5574.7766 r. 215/220.
Data: 06/12/01 (Quinta-feira) - Horrio: 19h
Local: Instituto de Engenharia Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 120 V. Mariana

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