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Para configurar rotas em roteadores, temos duas opes: criar rotas estticas eou utilizar protocolos de roteamento.
Protocolo de roteamento, na verdade, um algoritmo que serve para preencher a tabela de roteamento de um roteador, com isso o roteador consegue dinamicamente apreender sobre as novas redes e quando as redes so desativadas por algum motivo. Temos vrios protocolos de roteamento utilizados na internet. Podemos classificar os protocolos de roteamento como: IGP Interior Gateway Protocol Exemplos: RIP, OSPF, EIGRP (proprietrio Cisco) e etc. EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol Exemplos: BGP e IS-IS Nesse artigo, estarei focando o Protocolo de Roteamento RIP. Mas em breve estarei abordando o OSPF, bem como os outros protocolos proprietrios.
Prtica
Agora irei abordar uma prtica utilizando o Packet Tracer (software de simulao da Cisco). Abaixo est o cenrio que irei utilizar.
Iremos configurar o Router A. Configurao da Interface Serial 0/0/0 Router_A(config)#inter s0/0/0 Router_A(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router_A(config-if)#ip address 200.200.10.1 255.255.255.252 Router_A(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao da Interface FastEthernet 0/0 Router_A(config)#inter fastEthernet 0/0 Router_A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 Router_A(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router A Router_A(config)#router rip Router_A(config-router)#network 200.200.10.0 Router_A(config-router)#network 192.168.0.0 Router_A(config-router)#version 2 Agora vamos verificar o status das interfaces no Router A. Router_A#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.0.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.1 YES manual down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Veja que a Serial0/0/0 est Down, mesmo executando o comando no shutdown nessa interface ela no fica UP at a outra ponta (Router B) est configurada e com o comando no shutdown. Vamos agora configurar o Router B. Configurao da Interface Serial0/0/1 (interface que est ligada ao Router A)
Router_B(config)#inter s0/0/1 Router_B(config-if)#ip address 200.200.10.2 255.255.255.252 Router_B(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up Vejam que assim que damos o comando no shutdown nessa interface, mostrada a mensagem que a Interface est UP. Voltemos ao Router A, vamos verificar a interface se ela ficou UP agora. Router_A#show ip inter brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.0.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.1 YES manual up up Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Pronto! A interface S0/0/0 est UP, e o Router A j pode se comunicar com o Router B. Router_A#ping 200.200.10.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.200.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms Nota: Essa comunicao entre o Router A e Router B no est sendo utilizada pelo RIP, pois a Rede de ambos est diretamente conectada. Vejamos a tabela de Roteamento do Router B. Router_B#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.200.10.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 200.200.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 Configurao da Serial 0/0/1 do Router B Router_B(config)#inter s0/0/1 Router_B(config-if)#ip address 200.200.10.5 255.255.255.252 Router_B(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router_B(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router B Router_B(config)#router rip Router_B(config-router)#version 2
Router_B(config-router)#network 200.200.10.4 Router_B(config-router)#network 200.200.10.0 Configurao da Serial 0/0/0 do Router C Router_C(config)#inter s0/0/0 Router_C(config-if)#ip address 200.200.10.6 255.255.255.252 Router_C(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao da FastEthernet 0/0 do Router C Router_C(config)#inter fastEthernet 0/0 Router_C(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router_C(config-if)#no shutdown Configurao do RIPv2 no Router C Router_C(config)#router rip Router_C(config-router)#version 2 Router_C(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 Router_C(config-router)#network 200.200.10.4 Vamos agora verificar a tabela de roteamento de cada Router. Tabela de Roteamento Router A Router_A#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R C R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 200.200.10.2, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets 200.200.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.4 [120/1] via 200.200.10.2, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0
Tabela de Roteamento Router B Router_B#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.0.0/24 [120/1] via 200.200.10.1, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1 R C C 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 200.200.10.6, 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets 200.200.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 200.200.10.4 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
Tabela de Roteamento Router C Router_C#show ip route Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP i IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia IS-IS inter area * candidate default, U per-user static route, o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.0.0/24 [120/2] via 200.200.10.5, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0 C R C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 200.200.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets 200.200.10.0 [120/1] via 200.200.10.5, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0 200.200.10.4 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
Pronto! Todos os roteadores esto com a sua tabela de roteamento preenchida corretamente e com isso o Host A pode se comunicar com o Host B e vice-versa. Vamos agora testar a conectividade dos hosts. Host A para Host B PC>ping 192.168.1.2 Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 32ms, Average = 26ms Host B para Host A PC>ping 192.168.0.2 Pinging 192.168.0.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.0.2: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.0.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 14ms, Maximum = 24ms, Average = 20ms Pronto!, Espero que tenham gostado. At o prximo post.
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