INGLS

LESSON 1 PRESENT PERFECT

(LIO 1 PRESENTE PERFEITO)
Usa-se o Present Perfect para expres- worked worked gone gone
sar It has Its worked It has gone Its gone
a) aes que aconteceram num tempo indefi- worked
nido no passado. comum, nesse caso, usar advr- We have Weve We have Weve
bios como lately (ultimamente) e recently worked worked gone gone
(recentemente). You have Youve You have Youve
Ex: worked worked gone gone
I have studied English recently. (Eu tenho They have Theyve They have Theyve
estudado/ estudei ingls recentemente). worked worked gone gone
b) aes que comearam no passado e conti-
nuam at o presente. Lembre-se de que a 3 pessoa do singular do
Ex: He has worked here since 2001. (Ele verbo to have has, ou seja, quando o sujeito for He
tem trabalhado / trabalha aqui desde 2001). (ele), She (ela) ou It (ele/ela) usa-se has. Cuidado
c) aes que aconteceram durante um deter- com as contraes: Hes, Shes e Its, pois o s pode
minado perodo no passado. ser a contrao do verbo is ou do verbo has. Ex:
Ex: They have lived in Braslia for 5 years. Hes very happy. (Ele est muito feliz).
(Eles moraram em Braslia durante 5 anos). Hes traveled a lot. (Ele tem viajado muito).
d) aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no Forma Negativa
passado. Para se formar frases negativas no Present
Ex: She has visited So Paulo many times. Perfect, basta acrescentar a partcula de negao not
(Ela visitou So Paulo vrias vezes). depois do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). A for-
Forma Afirmativa ma contrada to verbo to have com a partcula de ne-
O Present Perfect um tempo composto gao tambm possvel no Present Perfect. Observe
(possui dois verbos) e formado pelo presente sim- a tabela abaixo com a conjugao de dois verbos.
ples do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have) e o parti-
cpio passado do verbo principal. Esse tempo verbal to work = trabalhar to go = ir
considerado difcil, pois no h um equivalente Forma Forma Forma Forma
exato em portugus, alm de ser muito usado na ln- Negativa Contrada Negativa Contrada
gua inglesa. Por isso, o importante aprender quando I have not I havent I have not I havent
usar esse tempo verbal. worked worked gone gone
O particpio passado dos verbos regulares You have You havent You have You havent
igual ao passado simples, ou seja, usa-se a termina- not worked worked not gone gone
o ED e suas regras. Entretanto, o particpio pas- He has not He hasnt He has not He hasnt
sado dos verbos irregulares no segue regras worked worked gone gone
havendo a necessidade de consultar a lista de verbos She has not She hasnt She has not She hasnt
irregulares. worked worked gone gone
Observe a conjugao de dois verbos no Pre- It has not It hasnt It has not It hasnt
sent Perfect na tabela abaixo: worked worked gone gone
We have We havent We have We havent
to work = trabalhar to go = ir not worked worked not gone gone
Conjugao Forma Conjugao Forma You have You havent You have You havent
Contrada Contrada not worked worked not gone gone
I have Ive I have gone Ive gone They have They They have They
worked worked not worked havent not gone havent
You have Youve You have Youve worked gone
worked worked gone gone
He has Hes He has gone Hes gone
worked worked
She has Shes She has Shes

Editora Exato 1
 INGLS

Forma Interrogativa Expresses usadas no Present Perfect

Para formar frases interrogativas, deve-se in- Expresso Traduo Exemplo
verter a posio do pronome (sujeito) com o verbo since desde I have studied English
auxiliar to have (has / have) e incluir o ponto de in- since January.
terrogao no final da frase. Observe a conjugao de (Eu estudo ingls desde
dois verbos na forma interrogativa na tabela abaixo. janeiro)
for por, durante We have studied
to work = trabalhar to go = ir English for two years.
Have I worked ? Have I gone ? (Ns estudamos ingls
Have you worked? Have you gone ? por/durante dois anos)
Has he worked? Has he gone? just acabar de He has just arrived from
Has she worked? Has she gone? acontecer London.
Has it worked? Has it gone? (Ele acabou de chegar
Have we worked? Have we gone? de Londres)
Have you worked? Have you gone? already j They have already
Have they worked? Have they gone? arrived.
(Eles j chegaram)
Short Answers (Respostas Curtas) Have they already
arrived?
to work = Short Answer Short
(Eles j chegaram?)
trabalhar Sim Answer
yet j, ainda no They havent arrived
No
yet.
Have I worked ? Yes, I have. No, I havent.
(Eles ainda no chega-
Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you
ram)
havent.
Have they arrived yet?
Has he worked? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.
(Eles j chegaram?)
Has she worked? Yes, she has. No, she
ever alguma vez Have you ever been to
hasnt.
Miami?
Has it worked? Yes, it has. No, it hasnt. (Voc alguma vez j es-
Have we worked? Yes, we have. No, we teve em Miami?)
havent. never nunca I have never been to
Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you Miami.
havent. (Eu nunca estive em
Have they worked? Yes, they have. No, they Miami).
havent. recently recentemente She hasnt studied
English recently.
to go = ir Short Answer Short Answer (Ela no tem estudado
Sim No ingls recentemente).
Have I gone ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. lately ultimamente We have gone out a lot
Have you gone ? Yes, you No, you lately.
have. havent. (Ns estamos saindo
Has he gone? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. muito ultimamente).
Has she gone? Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.
Has it gone? Yes, it has. No, it hasnt. ESTUDO DIRIGIDO
Have we gone? Yes, we have. No, we
havent. 1 Quando usado o Present Perfect?
Have you gone? Yes, you No, you
have. havent. 2 Como formada a afirmativa do Present Perfect?
Have they gone? Yes, they No, they
have. havent.
3 Como so as formas negativa e interrogativa do
Present Perfect?

Editora Exato 2
 INGLS

EXERCCIOS RESOLVIDOS 2 Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a

frase Rose ______________ here for five years
1 Complete as frases abaixo usando os verbos em no Present Perfect?
parntese no Present Perfect. Depois, marque a a) have live.
alternativa que tenha a seqncia correta dos ver- b) has lived.
bos. c) have lived.
I The baby ______________ (to cry). d) has live.
II Alan ____________ (to finish) the exercise.
III Bob and Ted _____ (to spend) much money.
3 Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente
a) has cried has finished have spent.
a frase ________ Robert ___________ another
b) have cried has finished has spent.
song? no Present Perfect.
c) have cried have finished has spent.
a) Has wrote
d) has cried have finished have spent.
b) Have written
Resoluo: O Present Perfect formado pelo
c) Have wrote
presente simples do verbo to have (have / has) e pelo
d) Has written
particpio passado do verbo principal. Assim, na pri-
meira frase usa-se has, pois o sujeito The baby (o
beb), e cried (verbo regular terminado em y). O su- 4 Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente
jeito da segunda frase Alan (ele) ento deve-se usar a frase Joe and I _______________ to study
has e finished (verbo regular). E na ltima frase usa- Math no Present Perfect.
se have, pois o sujeito Bob and Ted (eles), e spent a) havent stopped
(verbo irregular). Assim, a resposta correta a letra b) not have stopped
a. c) has not stopped
d) has stopped not
2 Marque a alternativa cuja frase esteja no Present
Perfect. 5 Qual a forma interogativa da frase The
a) They played tennis. children have visited their grandparents?
b) Susan didnt sleep at home. a) Has the children visited their grandparents?
c) She has cooked our lunch. b) Have the children visited their grandparents?
d) I have a terrible headache. c) The children visited their grandparents?
Resoluo: O Present Perfect um tempo d) The have the children visited their
verbal composto em ingls, ou seja, formado por grandparents?
dois verbos: o verbo to have no presente simples (ha-
ve / has) e o particpio passado do verbo principal.
Analisando os verbos das frases temos: o verbo da 6 Qual a forma negativa da frase She has gone
primeira frase played, que est no passado sim- to Italy?
ples; o verbo da segunda frase didnt sleep, que es- a) She has gone not to Italy.
t na forma negativa do passado; o verbo da b) Not she has gone to Italy.
terceira frase has cooked, que est no present per- c) She not has gone to Italy.
fect e o ltimo verbo have, que est no presente. d) She has not gone to Italy.
Assim, a resposta correta a letra c.
7 Complete a frase They have worked here _____
2001 com o advrbio adequado.
EXERCCIOS a) since
1 Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a b) to
frase They ________________ vegetables no c) for
Present Perfect? d) just
a) have eat.
b) has eat. 8 Qual a resposta correta da frase Have you told
c) have eaten. him the news??
d) has eat. a) Yes, I did.
b) Yes, I do.
c) Yes, I have.
d) Yes, I told.
Editora Exato 3
 INGLS

9 Transformando a frase They havent been to e incluir o ponto de interrogao no final da frase.
Canada yet para a 3 pessoa do singular ser: Ex: Has she written many books? (Ela escreveu
a) She didnt been to Canada yet. muitos livros?).
b) She doesnt been to Canada yet. Exerccios
c) She hasnt been to Canada yet.
d) She havent been to Canada yet. 1 C
2 B
10 Julgue C (certo) ou E (errado) as afirmaes a- 3 D
baixo e depois marque a alternativa com a se-
4 A
qncia correta.
1 O Present Perfect um tempo verbal que ex- 5 B
pressa, basicamente, uma ao iniciada no pre-
6 D
sente e que continua no futuro.
2 Usa-se o Present Perfect para uma ao pas- 7 A
sada quando h a indicao de quando essa a- 8 C
o aconteceu.
3 Quando queremos fazer perguntas com o ver- 9 C
bo no Present Perfect usamos o verbo auxiliar 10 B
Do ou Does no incio da frase.
4 Para formar uma frase negativa no Present CURIOSITY (CURIOSIDADE)
Perfect, usa-se a partcula de negao antes do
verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). BREAD = Po
a) C, C, E, E
b) E, E, E, E Que confuso pode acontecer quando o brasi-
c) E, E, C, C leiro vai para o exterior e pede um bread. Os nativos
d) C, C, C, C do idioma ingls raramente usam a palavra bread,
porque ela bastante genrica. Existe bread em v-
GABARITO rias formas. Por exemplo, o nosso pozinho francs
em ingls chamado de roll (porque a massa de po
Estudo dirigido enrolada antes de ser assada). Um po de frma
1 O Present Perfect usado para expressar aes um loaf e uma fatia de po slice. Um po de frma
que aconteceram num tempo indefinido no pas- fatiado, portanto, um sliced loaf. Um po de ham-
sado, para expressar aes que comearam no burger um bun. Dessa maneira, preste ateno em
passado e continuam at o presente, para expres- como pedir po em ingls:
sar aes que aconteceram durante um determi- Loaf po de frma
nado perodo no passado e para expressar aes Loaf baguete
que aconteceram vrias vezes no passado. Slice fatia
Sliced loaf po de frma fatiado
2 O Present Perfect formado pelo presente sim- Bun po de hamburger
ples do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have) e o Roll pozinho francs
particpio passado do verbo principal. O partic- Soft roll po para cachorro-quente
pio passado dos verbos regulares igual ao pas- Small roll bisnaguinha
sado simples, usa-se a terminao ED e suas
regras. E o particpio passado dos verbos irregu-
lares no segue regras, havendo a necessidade de
consultar a lista de verbos irregulares. Ex: She
has written many books. (Ela escreveu muitos li-
vros).
3 Para se formar frases negativas no Present Per-
fect, basta acrescentar a partcula de negao not
depois do verbo auxiliar to have (has / have). Ex:
She has not written many books. (Ela no escre-
veu muitos livros). E para formar frases interro-
gativas, deve-se inverter a posio do pronome
(sujeito) com o verbo auxiliar to have (has / have)
Editora Exato 4