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TEXT IR

^` Retrieval Models &


a HUMAN-COMPUTER
INTERACTION FOR IR
APPLICATIONS OF IR

_
Evaluation

] c Interfaces &
Visualization
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Systems

\
Improvements on
Retrieval The Web
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Efficient _ Multimedia Modeling &


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b Digital Libraries
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m Introduction 1

q
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p
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Retrieval Evaluation 3

r s jl
h TEXT IR
r
Query Languages 4

s
Text Languages 6
Improvements
on Retrieval
Query Operations 5 Text Operations 7

m Indexing & Searching


8
nk Efficient
Processing
9
Parallel and Distributed IR

ij HUMAN-COMPUTER o User Interfaces & Visualization 10


INTERACTION FOR IR

q Models & Languages


11

MULTIMEDIA IR
m Indexing & Searching 12

t Searching the Web 13

APPLICATIONS OF IR Information Retrieval in the Library 14

u Digital Libraries 15

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