INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.

1 - 2008

UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE AS FERRAMENTAS UTILIZADAS PELO

SISTEMA JUST IN TIME

Luis Carlos GOMIERO JUNIOR*

Euclides REAME JUNIOR**

RESUMO

O -XVWLQ7LPH-,7DMXGDDVRUJDQL]Do}HVDPDQWHUHPVHFRPSHWLWLYDV'HVWDIRUPDHODVSRGHUmRVHUYLU

PHOKRURVFOLHQWHVFRPYDULHGDGHGHSURGXWRVHHPSHTXHQDVTXDQWLGDGHVVHPTXHSDUDLVVRWHQKDP
TXHSDJDUPDLVSRVVLELOLWDQGRWDPEpPUHGXomRGHFXVWRVDXPHQWRGDTXDOLGDGHHGDSURGXWLYLGDGH
Para tanto é necessário a aplicabilidade de ferramentas de uma forma racional. Assim o objetivo
do presente trabalho constituiu na caracterização das ferramentas utilizadas pelo sistema -XVWLQ
7LPHDLPSODQWDomRHVHXVUHVXOWDGRV0HWRGRORJLFDPHQWHIRLXWLOL]DGDXPDSHVTXLVDELEOLRJUi¿FD$
contribuição do trabalho é reforçar a visão de que se bem empregadas podem proporcionar vantagem
FRPSHWLWLYDSHUPLWLQGRUHVSRVWDVUiSLGDVDRVGHVYLRVGRPHUFDGRFRPHOHYDGRSDGUmRGHTXDOLGDGH
HEDL[RFXVWRGHSURGXomR

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Just in Time. Manutenção produtiva total. Kanban.

INTRODUÇÃO

$ VXSHULRULGDGH GDV LQG~VWULDV RULHQWDLV IUHQWH DRV VHXV FRQFRUUHQWHV GR RFLGHQWH IRL DPSODPHQWH
UHFRQKHFLGD GRV DQRV  H SURPHWH DFHQWXDUVH DLQGD PDLV QD DWXDOLGDGH $WXDOPHQWH XPD
RUJDQL]DomR TXH TXHLUD SURVSHUDU RX PHVPR VREUHYLYHU GHYH SURFXUDU WHU FRQKHFLPHQWR VHPSUH
DWXDOL]DGRGDLQG~VWULDHGDVIRUoDVFRPSHWLWLYDVTXHDGLULJHPHFRPRFRQVHTXrQFLDHODERUDUXPD
HVWUDWpJLDFRPSHWLWLYDTXHQHFHVVDULDPHQWHWHQKDIRFRQDSURGXomR2DYDQoRGRVRULHQWDLVpUHÀH[R
da aplicabilidade de um sistema de administração da produção chamado de -XVW,Q7LPH-,7TXHVH
DGDSWDPXLWREHPDVH[LJrQFLDVGRPHUFDGRFRQVXPLGRUDWXDOUHVSRQGHQGRUDSLGDPHQWHDVYDULDo}HV
GDGHPDQGD6HJXQGR6KLQJRSRVLVWHPD-,7FRQVLVWHQD³SURGXomRFRPHVWRTXH]HURRX
VHPHVWRTXHRTXHHTXLYDOHDGL]HUTXHFDGDSURFHVVRGHYHVHUDEDVWHFLGRFRPRVLWHQVQHFHVViULRV
QDTXDQWLGDGHQHFHVViULDQRPRPHQWRQHFHVViULR´eXPVLVWHPDFDUDFWHUL]DGRSHODPDQXWHQomRGH
PDWpULDVSULPDVHFRPSRQHQWHVHPHVWRTXHDSHQDVHPTXDQWLGDGHVX¿FLHQWHSDUDPDQWHURSURFHVVR
SURGXWLYRQRPRPHQWR&KLDYHQDWRSUHIRUoDTXHRVLVWHPD-,7³HQYROYHXPDWHQWDWLYD
GH UHGX]LU FXVWRV H PHOKRUDU R ÀX[R GH WUDEDOKR DWUDYpV GD SURJUDPDomR GH PDWHULDLV TXH GHYHP
FKHJDU D XPD HVWDomR GH WUDEDOKR QR PRPHQWR FHUWR GH VHX XVR´ 9iULDV WpFQLFDV H IHUUDPHQWDV
XVDGDVSHORVLVWHPD-,7FRQWULEXHPSDUDUHGX]LUFXVWRVSRUpPDTXHPDLVIDYRUHFHHVWiUHGXomRpD
HOLPLQDomRGHGHVSHUGtFLRVRQGHVHUmRHOLPLQDGDVWRGDVDVDWLYLGDGHVUHDOL]DGDVQDIiEULFDTXHQmR
DJUHJDPYDORUDSURGXomR&RPHVWHVLVWHPDpHVWLPXODGRRHQYROYLPHQWRKXPDQRÀH[LELOLGDGHQR
DWHQGLPHQWRjVGHPDQGDVHVLPSOLFLGDGHQRVSURFHVVRVSURGXWLYRV6mRGLYHUVDVDVYDQWDJHQVTXH

_________________________________
7pFQRORJRHP3URGXomR±)DFXOGDGHGH7HFQRORJLDGH7DTXDULWLQJD±OFJRPLHUR#KRWPDLOFRP
'RFHQWHGD)DFXOGDGHGH7HFQRORJLDGH/LQVH7DTXDULWLQJD±HXFOLGHVUHDPH#IDWHFWTHGXEU
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INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

HVWH VLVWHPD SURSRUFLRQD DV SULQFLSDLV VmR UHGXo}HV GH HVWRTXHV DXPHQWR GD TXDOLGDGH UHGXomR
GHFXVWRVHDXPHQWRGDSURGXWLYLGDGH1HVWHVHQWLGRRREMHWLYRGRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRFRQVWLWXLXQD
FDUDFWHUL]DomRGRVLVWHPDGHDGPLQLVWUDomRGDSURGXomR-,7EHPFRPRDVIHUUDPHQWDVXWLOL]DGDVD
implantação e seus resultados.

1. REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

1.1 Programa 5S

$LGpLDGRSURJUDPD6SDUWLXSHODEXVFDGDUHFRQVWUXomRGR-DSmRDSyVD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDO
basicamente para combater a sujeira das fábricas e para melhorar o ambiente geral de trabalho. Segundo
5HFKRSURJUDPD6VXUJLXQR-DSmRHPQR&HQWURGH(GXFDomRSDUDD4XDOLGDGHFRP
DHTXLSHGR'U.DRUX,VKLNDZDD¿PGHFRPEDWHUjVFDXVDVGHSHUGDVHGHVSHUGtFLRV3DUD7UDLQRWWL
 S R SURJUDPD p XPD IHUUDPHQWD TXH YLVD j PDQXWHQomR GD OLPSH]D H RUJDQL]DomR GH
WRGDVDViUHDVHUHFXUVRVGDRUJDQL]DomRDWUDYpVGDSDUWLFLSDomRHIHWLYDGHVHXVLQWHJUDQWHVGHVGH
RSUHVLGHQWHDWpRVQtYHLVKLHUiUTXLFRVPHQRUHVQRkPELWRGDRUJDQL]DomR1R-DSmRHQR%UDVLOR
SURJUDPDpFRQKHFLGRFRPR6QRVSDtVHVGHOtQJXDLQJOHVDGHKRXVHNHHSLQJHHPSDtVHVGHOtQJXD
HVSDQKRODGHWHRULDGDHVFRYDRXGDYDVVRXUD6HJXQGR&RVWDSRSURJUDPD6WHPSRU
REMHWLYRSURPRYHUXPFRQMXQWRGHDo}HVFRQVWDQWHVHPQtYHORSHUDFLRQDOTXHYLVDPDSURPRYHUD
PHOKRULDGDTXDOLGDGHGHYLGDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGLPLQXLUGHVSHUGtFLRVUHGX]LUFXVWRVDXPHQWDUD
SURGXWLYLGDGHDOpPGHFULDUHPDQWHUXPDPELHQWHGHWUDEDOKRVDXGiYHO'HSRLVGHVHULPSODQWDGRQR
-DSmRRSURJUDPDJDQKRXRPXQGRFRPRIHUUDPHQWDGD4XDOLGDGH7RWDO$LPSODQWDomRGRSURJUDPD
FRPHoDSHORFKmRGHIiEULFDHpUHSHUFXWLGRSRUWRGDDRUJDQL]DomR(VWDIHUUDPHQWDID]SDUWHGR
SULQFtSLR GD YLVLELOLGDGH RX VHMD WRUQDU YLVtYHLV RV SUREOHPDV RQGH TXHU TXH SRVVDP H[LVWLU  2
SURJUDPDpGLYLGLGRHPFLQFRPRPHQWRVRXHWDSDVEDWL]DGRVQR%UDVLOGHVHQVRV(VWDVHWDSDVVmR
GH¿QLGDVSRUFLQFRSDODYUDVTXHHPMDSRQrVFRPHoDPFRPDOHWUD6SRULVVRDIHUUDPHQWDJDQKRX
RQRPHGH65HFKDSUHVHQWDDFODVVL¿FDomRHDGH¿QLomRGHFDGDVHQVRGRSURJUDPDDEDL[R

x Senso de utilização: consiste em separar os itens necessários dos desnecessários no local de

WUDEDOKR7XGRRTXHQmRIRUQHFHVViULRSDUDDDWLYLGDGHGHSURGXomRQRIXWXURSUy[LPRGHYH
VHUUHPRYLGRGRORFDOGHWUDEDOKR'HSRLVGHVHSDUDURVREMHWRVFDGDSRVWRGHWUDEDOKRH[S}H
RTXHIRLGHVFDUWDGRSDUDSRVVtYHODSURYHLWDPHQWRHPRXWURSRVWR)LQDOPHQWHRTXHVREUDUp
GHVFDUWDGRGDHPSUHVDDWUDYpVGHGRDomRRXOL[R
x Senso de ordem:DUUXPDomRRXRUGHQDomRFRQVLVWHHPDUPD]HQDURVREMHWRVQROXJDUFHUWR
&DGD REMHWR GHYH WHU R VHX OXJDU HVWLSXODGR SDUD TXH VHQGR QHFHVViULR VHMD HQFRQWUDGR
IDFLOPHQWH2VREMHWRVGHYHPVHUDUPD]HQDGRVGHDFRUGRFRPVXDIUHTrQFLDGHXVR
x Senso de limpeza: consiste em manter máquinas e ambiente de trabalho limpo. Além da
PDQXWHQomR GD OLPSH]D H KLJLHQH QR DPELHQWH HVWH VHQVR WHP R REMHWLYR GH YHUL¿FDU DV
FRQGLo}HV GH XVR H PDQXWHQomR GH VXDV LQVWDODo}HV H HTXLSDPHQWRV 1R DWR GD OLPSH]D p
SRVVtYHOREVHUYDUVHH[LVWHPGHIHLWRVQRSLVRSHoDVVROWDVTXHSRGHPSURYRFDUDFLGHQWHH¿RV
QRPHLRGDSDVVDJHP$OLPSH]DGRVHTXLSDPHQWRVWDPEpPSHUPLWHDYHUL¿FDomRGHFRUUHLDV
IURX[DVSHoDVVROWDVHGHVJDVWDGDV
x Senso de padronização:PDQXWHQomRGRVWUrVSULPHLURV6HEHPHVWDUFRQVLVWHQDDPSOLDomR

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 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

GRFRQFHLWRGHOLPSH]DjVSHVVRDVHSUDWLFDUFRQWLQXDPHQWHRVWUrVVHQVRVDQWHULRUHVDWUDYpV
GRV SDGU}HV HVWDEHOHFLGRV $ GH¿QLomR GH SDGU}HV p IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD D PDQXWHQomR GRV
progressos alcançados pelo grupo.
x Senso de autodisciplina: consiste em desenvolver autodisciplina e criar o hábito de seguir o
SURJUDPD2VHPSUHJDGRVWrPTXHHVWDUKDELWXDGRVDFXPSULURVSURFHGLPHQWRVRSHUDFLRQDLV
pWLFDVHSDGU}HVHVWDEHOHFLGRVSHODHPSUHVD'HYHPSHUFHEHUDLPSRUWkQFLDHRVUHVXOWDGRVGR
SURJUDPDSDUDTXHFXPSUDPRVROLFLWDGRGHIRUPDYROXQWiULD

1.2. Manutenção produtiva total

$QWLJDPHQWH DV RUJDQL]Do}HV WUDEDOKDYDP FRP VLVWHPD GH PDQXWHQomR FRUUHWLYD DVVLP RFRUULDP
GHVSHUGtFLRVUHWUDEDOKRVSHUGDGHWHPSRHGHHVIRUoRVKXPDQRVJHUDQGRSUHMXt]RV¿QDQFHLURV$
SDUWLU GLVVR IRUDP DQDOLVDGRV HVWHV SUREOHPDV GDQGR LQtFLR j PDQXWHQomR SUHYHQWLYD QRV (VWDGRV
8QLGRVHLQWURGX]LGDSRVWHULRUPHQWHQR-DSmRHP1DEXVFDGHPDLRUH¿FLrQFLDGDPDQXWHQomR
SURGXWLYDEDVHDGDQDWRWDOSDUWLFLSDomRGRVHPSUHJDGRVVHJXQGR5RGULJXHVVXUJHQR-DSmR
HPDPDQXWHQomRSURGXWLYDWRWDO037RX730GRLQJOrVTotal Productive Maintenance). Slack
HWDOSGH¿QHD037FRPR³DPDQXWHQomRSURGXWLYDUHDOL]DGDSRUWRGRVRVHPSUHJDGRV
DWUDYpVGHDWLYLGDGHVGHSHTXHQRVJUXSRV´

e XP SURJUDPD GH PDQXWHQomR SHOR TXDLV RV RSHUDGRUHV SDUWLFLSDP DWLYDPHQWH QR FXLGDGR GDV
PiTXLQDVHHTXLSDPHQWRVD¿PGHJDUDQWLUXPÀX[RGHSURGXomRFRQWtQXRHVXDYH

2VLVWHPD-,7HQWHQGHDPDQXWHQomRFRPRXPSURFHVVRTXHGHYHSUHVHUYDUDVPiTXLQDVHTXLSDPHQWRV
HIHUUDPHQWDVDXPHQWDQGRDTXDOLGDGHGRVSURGXWRVHDSDUWLFLSDomRGRVRSHUiULRVFRQVHTHQWHPHQWH
reduzindo custos do processo produtivo.

3DUD)HUQDQGHVS³RREMHWLYRGR730SRGHVHUGHVFULWRFRPRDREWHQomRGHXPDPDQXWHQomR

SURGXWLYDUHQWiYHORXVHMDTXHQmRVRPHQWHSUHYLQDDVTXHEUDVHGHIHLWRVPDVTXHRIDoDGHIRUPD
HIHWLYDHHFRQ{PLFD´2PHVPRDXWRUDSRQWDTXDWURWpFQLFDVSDUDDWLQJLURREMHWLYRGRSURJUDPD

x PDQXWHQomRSUHYHQWLYD
x PDQXWHQomRFRUUHWLYD
x SUHYHQomRGDPDQXWHQomR
x manutenção após quebra.

A manutenção preventiva visa eliminar ou reduzir as probabilidades de falhas por manutenção das
LQVWDODo}HVHPLQWHUYDORVSUpSODQHMDGRVDWUDYpVGHOLPSH]DOXEUL¿FDomRVXEVWLWXLomRHYHUL¿FDomR
$PDQXWHQomRFRUUHWLYDEXVFDRPHOKRUDPHQWRRXPRGL¿FDomRGRVHTXLSDPHQWRVHYLWDQGRTXHEUDVRX
tornando a manutenção mais fácil. Prevenção da manutenção consiste na instalação de equipamentos
que necessitam pouca ou nenhuma intervenção. A manutenção após a quebra tem a função de reparar
equipamentos após a quebra. Slack et al.SDSUHVHQWDFLQFRPHWDVGDPDQXWHQomRSURGXWLYD
WRWDO

x PHOKRUDDH¿FiFLDGRVHTXLSDPHQWRVH[DPLQDFRPRDVLQVWDODo}HVHVWmRFRQWULEXLQGRSDUD

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INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

H¿FiFLDGDSURGXomRSRUPHLRGDDQiOLVHGHWRGDVDVSHUGDVTXHRFRUUHPFRPRSHUGDVSRU
WHPSRSDUDGRSHUGDVGHYHORFLGDGHHSHUGDVSRUGHIHLWRV
x UHDOL]DUPDQXWHQomRDXW{QRPDSHUPLWLUTXHRSHVVRDOTXHRSHUDRXXVDRVHTXLSDPHQWRVGD
SURGXomRDVVXPDDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUSHORPHQRVDOJXPDVGDVWDUHIDVGHPDQXWHQomR
x SODQHMDUDPDQXWHQomRWHUXPDDERUGDJHPHODERUDGDSDUDWRGDVDVDWLYLGDGHVGHPDQXWHQomR
x treinar todo o pessoal em habilidades relevantes de manutenção (treinamento adequado e
FRQWtQXR
x conseguir gerir os equipamentos logo no inicio (essa meta é direcionada para uma forma de
evitar totalmente a manutenção por meio de prevenção de manutenção).

$R FRQWUiULR GR WUDGLFLRQDO D PDQXWHQomR SURGXWLYD WRWDO SURS}H D LQWHUDomR GDV DWLYLGDGHV GR
GHSDUWDPHQWR GH PDQXWHQomR H SURGXomR 2 TXDGUR  DSUHVHQWD DVIXQo}HV GH FDGD GHSDUWDPHQWR
proposto pelo programa de MPT.

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)217(6/$&.et al.

)HUQDQGHVDSUHVHQWDXPDHVWUXWXUDGHRLWRSLODUHVTXHGmRVXVWHQWDomRSDUDDLPSODQWDomRH

PDQXWHQomRGRSURJUDPDGH037

x PDQXWHQomRDXW{QRPD
x PDQXWHQomRSODQHMDGD
x PDQXWHQomRGDTXDOLGDGH
x HGXFDomRHWUHLQDPHQWR
x VD~GHVHJXUDQoDHPHLRDPELHQWH
x FRQWUROHLQLFLDO
x 730HPiUHDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV
x PHOKRULDVHVSHFt¿FDV

6DOWRUDWRH&LQWUDGHVFUHYHPRREMHWLYRGHFDGDXPGHVWHVSLODUHVDEDL[R

x a manutenção autônoma é uma estratégia para quebrar as barreiras entre as áreas de
SURGXomR H PDQXWHQomR VmR DWULEXtGDV DR RSHUDGRU GH PiTXLQDV H HTXLSDPHQWRV DOJXPDV
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 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

Do}HVHPHGLGDVGHPDQXWHQomR
x a manutenção planejadaSHUPLWHDPi[LPDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHFRQ¿DELOLGDGHHGHVHPSHQKR
GRVHTXLSDPHQWRVHVLVWHPDVSRUHOHDEUDQJLGRVDWUDYpVGDRWLPL]DomRGHUHFXUVRVGLVSRQtYHLV
SDUDDPDQXWHQomR
x a manutenção da qualidade consiste no aperfeiçoamento de forma constante e permanente
GHWRGRRSURFHVVRGHSODQHMDPHQWRSURGXomRHDWHQGLPHQWR
x a educação e treinamentoFRQVLVWHPQDLQWURGXomRGHFRQFHLWRVEiVLFRVH¿[DomRGHSDSHO
GHFDGDXPQRSURFHVVRGHIDEULFDomRDWUDYpVGHSDOHVWUDVUHXQL}HVHDWLYLGDGHVQRORFDOGH
WUDEDOKR
x D 037 p VX¿FLHQWH SDUD JDUDQWLU PHOKRULDV QRV DVSHFWRV GH VD~GH VHJXUDQoD H QR PHLR
DPELHQWHDPHWRGRORJLDSUHYrHVWUDWpJLDVSDUDHOLPLQDUDFLGHQWHVHSROXLomR
x o controle inicialWHPRREMHWLYRGHLGHQWL¿FDUHUHGX]LUDVSHUGDVH[LVWHQWHVQRVSURFHVVRVGH
LQYHVWLPHQWRVHPQRYRVHTXLSDPHQWRVHQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHQRYRVSURGXWRV
x as áreas administrativasWUDQVPLWHPPXLWDVLQIRUPDo}HVSHUGDVQHVWHDPELHQWHVHPDQLIHVWDP
D WRGR LQVWDQWH H UHÀHWHP QR VHWRU SURGXWLYR FRP LVVR VmR GHVHQYROYLGDV DWLYLGDGHV SDUD
HOLPLQDUHVWDVSHUGDV
x DV PHOKRULDV HVSHFt¿FDV consistem em melhorias obtidas com as oportunidades de ganho
DWUDYpVGDHOLPLQDomRGHSHUGDVSRUTXHEUDRXIDOKDGRHTXLSDPHQWRSHUGDVGHYLGRDVHWXS
SHUGDV SRU SDUDGDV WHPSRUiULDV SHUGDV SRU TXHGD GH YHORFLGDGH GH SURGXomR SHUGDV SRU
retrabalhos e perdas por queda de rendimento do equipamento.

2SURJUDPDGHPDQXWHQomRSURGXWLYDWRWDOHQYROYHWRGDDHPSUHVDKDELOLWDQGRDSDUDHQFRQWUDUPHWDV
WDLVFRPRGHIHLWR]HURIDOKD]HURDXPHQWRGDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRVHGDOXFUDWLYLGDGH

1.3. Redução de setup

De acordo com Slack et al.S³RWHPSRGHsetuppGH¿QLGRFRPRRWHPSRGHFRUULGRQD

WURFDGRSURFHVVR¿QDOGDSURGXomRGHXPORWHDWpDSURGXomRGDSULPHLUDSHoDERDGRSUy[LPRORWH´
A redução deste tempo de preparação (setup) é um fator de fundamental importância no sucesso
GRVLVWHPD-,7SRVVLELOLWDQGRDWLQJLUDVH[LJrQFLDVGRPHUFDGRFRPDSURGXomRGHSHTXHQRVORWHV
([LVWHP YiULRV PpWRGRV SDUD UHGX]LU R WHPSR GH VHWXS FRPR HOLPLQDU R WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD D
EXVFDGHIHUUDPHQWDVHHTXLSDPHQWRVWURFDUiSLGDGHIHUUDPHQWDVDOWHUDo}HVQRVVLVWHPDVGH¿[DomR
de máquinas e equipamentos. O setuppGLYLGLGRHPLQWHUQRWUDEDOKRH[HFXWDGRHQTXDQWRDPiTXLQD
HVWiSDUDGDHH[WHUQRWUDEDOKRH[HFXWDGRGXUDQWHDPiTXLQDHVWiRSHUDQGR

&RUUrDDSUHVHQWDRLWRSUiWLFDVSDUDUHGX]LURWHPSRGHSUHSDUDomRGHPiTXLQD$VRLWRSUiWLFDV

VmR

x Envolver a redução de setup com as técnicas de engenharia industrial e métodos de melhoria

TXHVmRDSOLFDGRVDRSURMHWRGRWUDEDOKR3DUDLVVRpQHFHVViULRUHJLVWUDUFRPRRVHWXSpIHLWR
DWXDOPHQWHHEXVFDUHOLPLQDUSDVVRVHUHGX]LURVWHPSRVGRVSDVVRVUHPDQHVFHQWHV
x 'LIHUHQFLDUFULWHULRVDPHQWHRVHWLQWHUQRGRVHWXSH[WHUQR
x $OWHUDUQDPHGLGDGRSRVVtYHORVHWXSLQWHUQRHPVHWXSH[WHUQR3DUDLVVRGHYHPVHWHUWRGRV
RVPDWHULDLVHHTXLSDPHQWRVQHFHVViULRVSURQWRVHSUy[LPRVjPiTXLQDDQWHVTXHRSURFHVVR
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INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

GHSUHSDUDomRVHLQLFLH
x $QWHFLSDU D SUHSDUDomR GR SUy[LPR SURFHVVR GH VHWXS FRP FXLGDGR H DQWHV TXH HVWH VHUi
QHFHVViULR
x )D]HU PRGL¿FDomR QR HTXLSDPHQWR SDUD SHUPLWLU XPD SUHSDUDomR IiFLO H XPD SHTXHQD
QHFHVVLGDGH GH DMXVWHV 3URMHWDU ¿[Do}HV GR WLSR PDFKRIrPHD FRP HQJDWH UiSLGR FRP
P~OWLSORV SLQRV RX JUDPSRV HVSHFLDLV XVDU FyGLJR GH FRUHV SDUD LGHQWL¿FDomR GH SHoDV H
SRVLo}HVHQWUHRXWUDVPHGLGDVFRPRDUHGXomRDRPi[LPRGRVDMXVWHV
x 3RVVLELOLWDU D XPD Vy SHVVRD H[HFXWDU D PDLRU SDUWH GR VHWXS 3DUD LVVR GHYHVH SURMHWDU
GLVSRVLWLYRVHVSHFLDLVSDUDDUPD]HQDJHPGHIHUUDPHQWDVHGLVSRVLWLYRVGH¿[DomRQDPHVPD
DOWXUDGRSRQWRHPTXHVHUmRXWLOL]DGRVQDPiTXLQDDOpPGHXVDUPHVDVFRPUROHWHVSDUD
SDUWHVSHVDGDVSHUPLWLQGRXPPtQLPRGHHVIRUoRGHPRYLPHQWDomR
x Conhecer o processo que a máquina irá realizar e não dar a ela usos mais variados do que o
QHFHVViULRRXVHMDSURJUDPDUDPiTXLQDSDUDTXHSURGXWRVHFRPSRQHQWHVTXHXWLOL]HPD
PHVPDSUHSDUDomRRXH[LMDPSUHSDUDomRVLPSOHVQDWURFDGHXPSURGXWRSDUDRXWUR
x 3UDWLFDURSURFHVVRGHSUHSDUDomRGHPiTXLQDVD¿PGHDWLQJLURPHOKRUUHQGLPHQWR

A seguir são apresentadas as vantagens alcançadas com a redução do setup VHJXQGR 5RGULJXHV


x SURGXomRGHSHTXHQRVORWHV
x UHGXomRGROHDGWLPH
x UHGXomRGHHVWRTXHV
x DXPHQWRGDTXDOLGDGH
x UHGXomRGHGHVSHUGtFLRHUHWUDEDOKR
x DXPHQWRGDÀH[LELOLGDGH
x DXPHQWRGDSURGXWLYLGDGH
x FRQVFLHQWL]DomRGDVFDXVDVTXHJHUDPHUURVHHVSHUD
x aumento da disponibilidade dos equipamentos.

1.4. Multifuncionalidade

6KLQJRDSUHVHQWDRVXUJLPHQWRGDPXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGHHPRQGHLQLFLDDVHSDUDomRGR

WUDEDOKRGRKRPHPHGDPiTXLQDFRPRVLVWHPDGHXPRSHUDGRUHPGXDVPiTXLQDVHOD\RXWHP
SDUDOHORRXHPIRUPDGH³/´(PDRSHUDomRpDXPHQWDGDSDUDXPRSHUDGRUHPTXDWURPiTXLQDV
FRP OD\RXW UHWDQJXODU RX HP IRUPD GH ³8´ -i HP  FRP D HYROXomR WpFQLFD H WHFQROyJLFD
VXUJHDRSHUDomRPXOWLIXQFLRQDOFRPP~OWLSODVPiTXLQDV³$VRSHUDo}HVPXOWLPiTXLQDVGHVLJQDP
XP~QLFRWUDEDOKDGRUSDUDRSHUDUPDLVGHXPDPiTXLQD´6+,1*2S2IXQFLRQiULR
PXOWLIXQFLRQDO SRGH H[HUFHU GLYHUVDV IXQo}HV GHQWUR GD HPSUHVD SRLV WHP FRQKHFLPHQWR GHODV H
SRULVVRSRGHVHUUHPDQHMDGRSDUDRXWURVSURFHVVRVGHWUDEDOKR$PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGHpXPSUp
UHTXLVLWRLQGLVSHQViYHOSDUDDLPSODQWDomRGRVLVWHPD-,7HXPDIHUUDPHQWDSDUDREWHUDPi[LPD
VLQFURQL]DomR GR SURFHVVR SURGXWLYR 3DUD D LPSODQWDomR GD PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGH VmR QHFHVViULRV
Do}HV FRPR WUHLQDPHQWR LQWHQVLYR VLVWHPD GLIHUHQFLDGR GH UHPXQHUDomR H SURPRomR OD\RXW
DSURSULDGR H SURFHGLPHQWRV RSHUDFLRQDLV TXH JDUDQWDP TXH DV URWLQDV VmR H[HFXWDGDV FRQIRUPH
RVSDGU}HVGH¿QLGRV2SURFHVVRGHLPSODQWDomRpLQLFLDGRFRPDURWDomRGRWUDEDOKRRQGHFDGD
82
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

RSHUiULRH[HFXWDWRGRVRVWLSRVGHWUDEDOKRHPVXDiUHDFRPRDX[LOLRGHWUHLQDPHQWRV$SDUWLUGLVVR
RRSHUDGRUWRUQDVHPXOWLIXQFLRQDOVHQGRFRPSHWHQWHHPFDGDWUDEDOKR2WWRQDSUHVHQWDWUrV
etapas para implantar a multifuncionalidade. Na primeira etapa cada gerente e cada supervisor fazem
a rotação por todo o trabalho. Na segunda etapa cada operário da área deve ser treinado para fazer
WRGRVRVWUDEDOKRV3RU¿PDWHUFHLUDHWDSDFRQVLVWHHPSURJUDPDURVRSHUDGRUHVSDUDDURWDomRGR
WUDEDOKR QXPD IUHTrQFLD GH GLYHUVDV YH]HV DR GLD &RP D KDELOLGDGH GR RSHUDGRU SDUD WUDEDOKDU
HP GLYHUVDV H GLIHUHQWHV PiTXLQDV QR SURFHVVR SURGXWLYR p GHVFRQVLGHUDGR D H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD
KDELOLGDGH SUySULD$WUDYpV GD PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGH p SRVVtYHO UHGX]LU GD PRQRWRQLD H FRPEDWHU j
IDGLJD PHOKRUDU D FRPXQLFDomR HQWUH DV SHVVRDV H REWHU D PDLRU LGHQWL¿FDomR GR RSHUDGRU FRP
REMHWLYR GH WUDEDOKR GDQGR PDLV DWHQomR j TXDOLGDGH FXVWRV H SURGXWLYLGDGH e DWLQJLGD PDLRU
LQWHJUDomRLQWHUQDHXPDYLVmRPDLVDEUDQJHQWHGRWRGRRUJDQL]DFLRQDO&RPWXGRRIXQFLRQiULR
pPRWLYDGRSHORHQULTXHFLPHQWRHDODUJDPHQWRGRWUDEDOKRVHQWLQGRVHPDLVYDORUL]DGRGHQWURGD
empresa.

1.5. Produção celular

$SURGXomRFHOXODUpEDVHDGDQDWHFQRORJLDGHJUXSRRQGHSHoDVVLPLODUHVVmRDJUXSDGDVHPIDPtOLDV
SRGHQGRVHUIDEULFDGDVSRUSURFHVVRVSDUHFLGRV&RPDDGRomRGDWHFQRORJLDGHJUXSRROD\RXWp
UHHVWUXWXUDGR HP FpOXODV VHQGR FDGD FpOXOD HVSHFLDOL]DGD QXPD IDPtOLD GH SHoDV HVSHFt¿FDV 8P
layout celular é uma unidade de produção na qual um grupo de equipamentos de funcionalidade
QmRVLPLODUpGLVSRVWRGHPDQHLUDSUy[LPDHGHGLFDGRVDH[HFXWDUHPDPDQXIDWXUDGHXPDIDPtOLD
GH SHoDV RX SURGXWRV GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLPLODUHV %$55262  S 1HVWHV DJUXSDPHQWRV
DV PiTXLQDV VmR GLVSRVWDV QRUPDOPHQWH HP IRUPD GH 8 QXPD VHTrQFLD VHJXQGR R URWHLUR GH
IDEULFDomRGHFDGDIDPtOLD8PHOHPHQWRIXQGDPHQWDOGDPDQXIDWXUDFHOXODUpDPXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGH
RQGHRVRSHUDGRUHVFRQKHFHPWRGDVDVDWLYLGDGHVGDFpOXODSRVVLELOLWDQGRRSHUDUHPYiULDVPiTXLQDV
SUy[LPDVHVXEVWLWXtUHPRSHUDGRUHVDXVHQWHV&RUUrDSDSUHVHQWDDOJXPDVYDQWDJHQVGR
OD\RXWFHOXODUFRPR

x PHQRVHVWRTXHGHSURGXWRVHPSURFHVVR
x PHQRUHVFXVWRVGHPRYLPHQWDomRGHPDWHULDLV
x menores OHDGWLPHVGHSURGXomR
x SODQHMDPHQWRGDSURGXomRPDLVVLPSOL¿FDGR
x FRQWUROHYLVXDOGDVRSHUDo}HV
x menos trocas de ferramentas (menores tempos de preparação).

Além de maior conhecimento do trabalho por parte dos operadores da célula com conseqüente redução
dos custos operacionais e melhoria da qualidade.

1.6. Sistema kanban

3DUDHQWHQGHURIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVLVWHPDNDQEDQGHYHVHSULPHLUDPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDUDSURGXomR
HPSXUUDGD GD SURGXomR SX[DGD $ SURGXomR HPSXUUDGD GL] UHVSHLWR DR VLVWHPD WUDGLFLRQDO GH
SURJUDPDomRGDSURGXomR³&DGDFHQWURGHWUDEDOKRHPSXUUDRWUDEDOKRVHPOHYDUHPFRQVLGHUDomR
VHRFHQWURGHWUDEDOKRVHJXLQWHSRGHXWLOL]iOR´6/$&.et al.S
83
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

Neste tipo de produção a empresa trabalha conforme o programa gerado pela previsão de vendas. A
SURGXomRSX[DGDpXPVLVWHPDHPTXHFDGDHWDSDGRSURFHVVRVyGHYHSURGX]LUXPEHPRXVHUYLoR
TXDQGRXPSURFHVVRSRVWHULRURXFOLHQWH¿QDORVROLFLWH³2SDVVRHDVHVSHFL¿FDo}HVGHRTXHpIHLWR
VmRHVWDEHOHFLGRVSHODHVWDomRGHWUDEDOKRGRFRQVXPLGRUTXHSX[DRWUDEDOKRGDHVWDomRGHWUDEDOKR
DQWHFHGHQWHIRUQHFHGRU´6/$&.et al.S

1HVWHWLSRGHSURGXomRRIRUQHFHGRUpDXWRUL]DGRDSURGX]LURXPRYHURPDWHULDOVRPHQWHTXDQGRR
consumidor o solicita. Esta solicitação pode se dar através do consumo de um estoque controlado de
PDWHULDLVFKDPDGRVXSHUPHUFDGRORFDOL]DGRHQWUHRVSURFHVVRV

$¿JXUDPRVWUDRVGRLVWLSRVGHSURGXomR2PpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO³HPSXUUD´XPFRQMXQWRGHRUGHP
GHFRPSUD2&RUGHQVGHIDEULFDomR2)HRUGHPGHPRQWDJHP20SDUDVHUHPIHLWDVQRSHUtRGR
-iRVLVWHPDGHSURGXomRSX[DGD³SX[D´RVORWHVGRSURFHVVRSURGXWLYRDWUDYpVGHXPDRUGHPGH
PRQWDJHP206yVHUiSURGX]LGRTXDQGRRFOLHQWHLQWHUQRRXH[WHUQRGHVHXSURFHVVRVROLFLWHD
produção de determinado item.

)LJXUD(PSXUUDUHSX[DUDSURGXomR
)217(78%,12H/(026

$JRUDVDEHQGRDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDSURGXomRSX[DGDHDSURGXomRHPSXUUDGD¿FDPDLVIiFLOHQWHQGHU
RIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVLVWHPDNDQEDQ$WUDGXomRGDSDODYUDNDQEDQSDUDRLGLRPDSRUWXJXrVpFDUWmR
RXVLQDO2VLVWHPDNDQEDQpXPDIRUPDGHFRQWUROHDWUDYpVGHFDUWmRVLQDOUHJLVWURYLVtYHOHQ¿P
FRQWUROHGHLQIRUPDomRSRUPHLRGDJHVWmRjYLVWDQRSUySULRFKmRGHIiEULFD$OJXPDVHPSUHVDV
VXEVWLWXHPRVFDUW}HVSRUERODVFRORULGDVPDUFDVQRFKmRGLVSRVLWLYRVHOHWU{QLFRVHRXWURVREMHWRV
'H DFRUGR FRP7XELQR H /HPRV  R NDQEDQ IRL GHVHQYROYLGR D ¿P GH EDODQFHDU R ÀX[R GH
SURGXWRVDWUDYpVGRSURFHVVRSURGXWLYRFRPRREMHWLYRGHPHOKRUDURVLVWHPDSURGXWLYRHQYROYHQGR
os operadores no processo para alcançar uma alta produtividade. Além de ser um sistema de emissão de
RUGHQVpWDPEpPXPVLVWHPDGHVHTHQFLDPHQWRGHRUGHQVQRFKmRGHIiEULFDXWLOL]DQGRSDUDLVWRD
SDUWLFLSDomRGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV6HJXQGR&RUUrDSRVLVWHPDNDQEDQ³DJHFRPRGLVSDUDGRU
GD SURGXomR GH FHQWURV SURGXWLYRV HP HVWiJLRV DQWHULRUHV GR SURFHVVR SURGXWLYR FRRUGHQDQGR D
SURGXomRGHWRGRVRVLWHQVGHDFRUGRFRPDGHPDQGDGHSURGXWRV¿QDLV´2VLVWHPDNDQEDQpXP
PpWRGR GH SX[DU DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV SURGXWRV DFDEDGRV H SRUWDQWR p R RSRVWR DRV VLVWHPDV GH
84
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

SURGXomRWUDGLFLRQDLVHOHYHPYLDELOL]DUDSURGXomRSX[DGDHHOLPLQDURVGHVSHUGtFLRVDVVRFLDGRVjV
SUHYLV}HVHUU{QHDVGRTXHRFOLHQWHQHFHVVLWD1RVLVWHPDNDQEDQDSURGXomRpFRPDQGDGDSHODOLQKD
GHPRQWDJHP¿QDO$OLQKDGHPRQWDJHPUHFHEHRSURJUDPDGHSURGXomRHjPHGLGDTXHHODYDL
FRQVXPLQGRDVSHoDVQHFHVViULDVYDLDXWRUL]DQGRDRVFHQWURVGHSURGXomRDQWHFHGHQWHVDIDEULFDomR
de um novo lote de peças. Esta autorização para a fabricação de novas peças é realizada através do
cartão kanban.

2 NDQEDQ p XP VLVWHPD GH SURGXomR HP ORWHV SHTXHQRV FDGD ORWH p DUPD]HQDGR HP UHFLSLHQWHV
SDGURQL]DGRVFRQWHQGRXPQ~PHURGH¿QLGRGHSHoDV3DUDFDGDORWHFRQWLGRQRUHFLSLHQWHH[LVWH
XP FDUWmR NDQEDQ FRUUHVSRQGHQWH 2 UHFLSLHQWH FDUUHJDGR GH SHoDV DFRPSDQKDGR GR VHX FDUWmR
VmRPRYLPHQWDGRVDWUDYpVGRVFHQWURVSURGXWLYRVVRIUHQGRDVGLYHUVDVRSHUDo}HVGRSURFHVVRDWp
FKHJDUHPjOLQKDGHPRQWDJHP¿QDO$TXDQWLGDGHGHFDUWmRNDQEDQHQWUHGRLVFHQWURVSURGXWLYRV
GHWHUPLQDRHVWRTXHGHPDWHULDOHQWUHHOHVSRLVDFDGDNDQEDQFRUUHVSRQGHXPFRQWDLQHUSDGURQL]DGR
GHSHoDV6ODFNHWDODSUHVHQWDWUrVWLSRVGHNDQEDQVWDLVFRPR

x kanban de movimentação ou transporte HOH DXWRUL]D D PRYLPHQWDomR GR PDWHULDO SHOD

IiEULFDGRFHQWURGHSURGXomRTXHSURGX]GHWHUPLQDGRFRPSRQHQWHSDUDRFHQWURGHSURGXomR
TXHFRQVRPHHVWHFRPSRQHQWH1HVWHFDUWmRFRQWpPRQ~PHURGDSHoDDGHVFULomRGDSHoD
RWDPDQKRGRORWHGHPRYLPHQWDomRRFHQWURGHSURGXomRGHRULJHPHRFHQWURGHSURGXomR
GHVWLQDGR$¿JXUDPRVWUDXPFDUWmRNDQEDQGHPRYLPHQWDomR

)LJXUD&DUWmRNDQEDQGHPRYLPHQWDomR
)217(78%,12apud 3('5262

x kanban de produçãoHOHGLVSDUDDSURGXomRRXDPRQWDJHPGHXPSHTXHQRORWHGHSHoDV
HPXPGHWHUPLQDGRFHQWURGHSURGXomRGDIiEULFD(VWHFDUWmRFRQWpPRQ~PHURGDSHoDD
GHVFULomRGDSHoDRWDPDQKRGRORWHDVHUSURGX]LGRFHQWURGHSURGXomRUHVSRQViYHOHORFDO
GHDUPD]HQDJHP$¿JXUDPRVWUDXPFDUWmRNDQEDQGHSURGXomR

85
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

)LJXUD&DUWmRNDQEDQGHSURGXomR
)217(78%,12apud3('5262

x kanban do fornecedor, ele avisa ao fornecedor de matéria-prima que é necessário enviar

PDWHULDO SDUD XP HVWiJLR GD SURGXomR 6HPHOKDQWH DR NDQEDQ GH PRYLPHQWDomR SRUpP p
XWLOL]DGRFRPIRUQHFHGRUHVH[WHUQRV$¿JXUDPRVWUDXPFDUWmRNDQEDQGHIRUQHFHGRU

)LJXUD&DUWmRNDQEDQGHIRUQHFHGRU
)217(78%,12apud3('5262

2SULQFtSLRpRPHVPRSDUDWRGRVRVWLSRVGHNDQEDQRXVHMDRUHFHELPHQWRGHXPNDQEDQGLVSDUD
D PRYLPHQWDomR D SURGXomR RX R IRUQHFLPHQWR GH XPD XQLGDGH RX GH XP UHFLSLHQWH SDGUmR GH
XQLGDGHV$VLQIRUPDo}HVFRQWLGDVQRNDQEDQQmRVmRSDGURQL]DGDVQHOHGHYHUiFRQWHULQIRUPDo}HV
QHFHVViULDV SDUD VXD SHUIHLWD XWLOL]DomR H FDGD HPSUHVD SRGHUi DFUHVFHQWDU DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH
PHOKRUVHDGHTXDUHPDHODV2Q~PHURGHNDQEDQGHPRYLPHQWDomRpLJXDODRGHNDQEDQGHSURGXomR
distribuindo o estoque entre os pontos de armazenagem de dois centros produtivos. Outro aspecto
LPSRUWDQWHGRVLVWHPDNDQEDQpRSDLQHOSRUWDNDQEDQRQGHVHJXQGR7XELQRDSXG0RXUD-XQLRU
S³pHPSUHJDGRSDUDVLQDOL]DURÀX[RGHPRYLPHQWDomRHDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGHUHSRVLomR
GRVLWHQVSRUSDUWHGRVIRUQHFHGRUHVLQWHUQRVHH[WHUQRVGHXPDHVWDomRGHWUDEDOKR´'HPDQHLUD
PDLVVLPSOHVRSDLQHOSRUWDNDQEDQWHPD¿QDOLGDGHGHVLQDOL]DUDPRYLPHQWDomRHRFRQVXPRGRV
itens controlados pelo kanban.
86
 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008

2PRGHORMDSRQrVGRTXDGURNDQEDQpRPDLVXWLOL]DGRXVDQGRDVFRUHVYHUGHDPDUHORHYHUPHOKR
SDUDVLQDOL]DUDVSULRULGDGHVGHSURGXomRGHDFRUGRFRPRFRQVXPRH[LVWHQWH2TXDGURpGLYLGLGRSRU
FROXQDVTXHVHSDUDPRVLWHQVHSRUOLQKDVFRORULGDVTXHHVWLSXODPDSULRUL]DomRHRVHTXHQFLDPHQWR
GDSURGXomR0RXUD-XQLRUH[SOLFDTXHSULPHLURGHYHVHSUHHQFKHUDIDL[DYHUGHVHJXQGR
DDPDUHODHSRU~OWLPRDIDL[DYHUPHOKDVHPSUHQRVHQWLGRGD~OWLPDIDL[DYHUGHSDUDDYHUPHOKD
4XDQGRDIDL[DYHUPHOKDHVWLYHUFRPWRGRVRVFDUW}HVVLJQL¿FDTXHRVXSHUPHUFDGRGRUHIHULGRLWHP
HVWiYD]LRSRUWDQWRGHYHVHUSULRUL]DGDDSURGXomRGHVWHLWHPGHSRLVRVLWHQVTXHHVWLYHUHPQDIDL[D
DPDUHODHSRU~OWLPRDYHUGH$¿JXUDUHSUHVHQWDRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRSDLQHOSRUWDNDQEDQ1HOD
FDGDFtUFXORSUHHQFKLGRFRUSUHWDUHSUHVHQWDXPNDQEDQRQGHKiXPDQHFHVVLGDGHGHUHSRVLomRGH
um lote de determinado item. A seta está indicando o sentido do preenchimento do kanban.

)LJXUD3DLQHOSDUDNDQEDQ
)217(GHVHQYROYLGDSHORDXWRU

CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS

(VWHDUWLJRGHVFUHYHXDVSULQFLSDLVWpFQLFDVHIHUUDPHQWDVXVDGDVSHORVLVWHPD-,7FRPHoDQGRSHOR
SURJUDPD 6 RQGH IRL YLVWR FRPR SUDWLFiOR H DV YDQWDJHQV IRUQHFLGDV FRP VXD LPSODQWDomR (P
VHJXLGDIRUDPGHVFULWRRSURJUDPDPDQXWHQomRSURGXWLYDWRWDODVSUiWLFDVSDUDUHGX]LURVHWXSDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRPpWRGRGDPXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGHHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDSURGXomRFHOXODU3RU~OWLPR
IRLDSUHVHQWDGRRVLVWHPDNDQEDQPRVWUDQGRVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVRVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHFDUWmRHVHX
funcionamento.

ABSTRACT

7KLVDUWLFOHGHVFULEHVWKHPDLQWHFKQLTXHVDQGWRROVXVHGE\WKH-,7V\VWHPEHJLQQLQJZLWKWKH6
SURJUDPZKLFKZDVVHHQDVSUDFWLFLQJLWDQGWKHEHQH¿WVSURYLGHGWRLWVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ7KH\ZHUH
WKHQGHVFULEHGWKHSURJUDPWRWDOSURGXFWLYHPDLQWHQDQFHSUDFWLFHVWRUHGXFHWKHVHWXSWKHIHDWXUHV
RIWKHPHWKRGRIPXOWLIXQFWLRQDOLW\DQGRSHUDWLRQRIFHOOXODUSURGXFWLRQ)LQDOO\ZDVSUHVHQWHGWKH
NDQEDQV\VWHPVKRZLQJLWVFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIFDUGDQGLWVRSHUDWLRQ

KEYWORDS: -XVWLQ7LPH7RWDO3URGXFWLYH0DLQWHQDQFH.DQEDQ

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REFERÊNCIAS

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