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Em primeiro lugar /antes de tudo / para começar / First of all / in the first place / to begin with / at
para início de conversa / ao mesmo tempo the same time
Referência Reference
Com relação a/ no que diz respeito a /no que tange a Regarding / with regards to / concerning /
considering
Introdução Oportuna de Novo Assunto Change of Subject
A propósito / por falar nisso By the way / speaking of that / incidentally
Conformidade Agreement
De acordo com / conforme / segundo According to / in accordance with
Ênfase Emphasis
Principalmente / sobretudo / tanto... como… Especially / mainly / in particular / more
important / as well as
Causa e Motivo Cause
Porque / uma vez que / já que / visto que / pois / Because / since / so that
para que
Levando isto em consideração / por este motivo / With this in mind / for this reason / that's why
por esta razão / por isso
Em função de / em razão de / por motivos de / em As a result of / due to / owing to
virtude de / devido a
Conclusão Conclusion
Portanto / então / como resultado Therefore / so / as a result
Em resumo / concluindo In short / in brief / in conclusion
De modo geral All in all
Consequentemente / por isso Thus / hence
Propósito Purpose
Com o objetivo de / a fim de / para que / para In order to / in order that / so that / in an effort to
Demarcadores de Períodos Entre o Presente e o Projecting The Present Into The Future
Futuro
A partir de agora / de agora em diante / daqui pra From now on / afterwards
frente / posteriormente
As referred to, (at) first, by the way, concerning, After all, all in all, all things considered, as we have
changing the subject, considering, first of all, seen, at last, finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short,
in reference to, in the first place, initially, on the
other hand, regarding, speaking of, to begin with, in summary, last (ly), on the whole, overall,
to start with, with regards to. therefore, to conclude, to summarize, to sum up.
AGREEMENT COMPARISON
According to, as per, in accordance with, in Comparing, likewise, in comparison (with), in the
agreement, in conformity. same way, similarly.
CONTRAST EMPHASIS
After (all), alternatively, although, as opposed to, Above all, a key feature, a major concern, definitely,
at the same time, but, by contrast, conversely, still,
by the same token, considering that, despite, while, especially (not), especially significant, even more,
even though, for all that, for (my, his, ...) part, yet, in any event, indeed, in particular, least of all,
unlike, given that, however, in contrast, meanwhile, let alone, mainly, more important (ly), most of all,
in (the) face of, in (the) light of, in spite of (that), most important (ly), naturally, particularly, the key
nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the point, positively, primarily, principally, specifically,
contrary, on the other hand, then again, though, the basic cause, the chief factor, unquestionably,
whereas. valuable to note, without a doubt.
As, as a result of, because (of), due to, for, since, Accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, so that,
for this reason, in order that, in view of, now that, consequently, for this reason, for which reason,
on account of, that is because, that is why. hence, in short, so much (so) that, such ... that, then,
thereby, therefore, thus.
After a while, afterward(s), as time goes by, at last, Again, also, and (then), as well as, at the same time,
at present, at this point, currently, from now on, besides, both ... and, either ... or, equally important,
immediately, in the meantime, lately, later, now, further, furthermore, in addition (to), indeed, jointly,
meanwhile, nowadays, presently, shortly (after), last but not least, likewise, moreover, neither ... nor,
simultaneously, since, so far, soon, temporarily, next, not only ... but also, not to mention, similarly,
then, thereafter, throughout, thereupon, until, while, not to speak of, on top of that, or, together with,
up until now, yet at the same time. plus, what's more.
PURPOSE ORDERING
In an effort to, in order that, in order to, so as to, to, First, firstly, first of all, in the first place, second,
in return for, so that, to the purpose of, to this end, secondly, third, following, next, then, later, last,
with this in mind, with this purpose. after that, finally.
CONCESSION ESTABLISHING A LIMIT
After all, although it is true that, at the same time, As far as I can remember, as far as I can tell, so far,
although this may be true, granted that, I admit, as far as I know, as far as I'm concerned, as far as I
it may appear that, naturally, of course. understand, as well as I know, for the time being,
CONDITION EXAMPLE
As long as, even if, if, if not, in case of, or (else), For example, for instance, in another case, namely,
in case (that), in the event of, in the event (that), including, in particular, in this case, in this manner,
on condition that, only if, otherwise, provided (that), such as, take the case of, the following example,
that is, to illustrate.
providing (that), whether or not.
As a last resort, as a rule, from the standpoint of, Apart from (that), aside from, except for, not ... yet,
in my opinion, in terms of, in the midst of, on the other than that, unless.
part of.
As you (anyone) can see, certainly, it's no wonder, As I have said, I mean, in other words, more simply,
evidently, naturally, needless to say, obviously, rather, that is, to put it another way.
of course, without question, without a doubt, indeed.
For your information, to whom it may concern. In place of, instead of, or rather, in exchange for.
DISMISSAL INTERMEDIATING
Anyway, at any rate, whatever the case may be, in By, by means of, in doing so, through (which), this
any case. way.
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Word - Formation
Morfologia (formação de palavras)
O estudo da morfologia serve para demonstrar a flexibilidade da língua, que permite ao falante,
transferir palavras de uma categoria a outra através da adição de afixos.
SUFIXOS
Noun + ...ful = Adjective (significando: full of …, having …)
Noun + ...less = Adjective (significando: without …)
Count Noun + …hood = Noncount Abstract Noun (sufixo de baixa produtividade significando o estado de
ser). Há cerca de mil anos atrás, hood era uma palavra independente, com um significado amplo,
relacionado à pessoa, sua personalidade, sexo, nível social, condição. A palavra ocorria em conjunto com
outros substantivos para depois, com o passar dos séculos, se transformar num sufixo.
Count Noun + …ship = Noncount Abstract Noun (sufixo de baixa produtividade significando o estado de
ser). A origem do sufixo _ship é uma história semelhante à do sufixo _hood. Tratava-se de uma palavra
independente, relacionada a shape e que tinha o significado de criar, nomear. Ao longo dos séculos
aglutinou-se com o substantivo a que se referia adquirindo o sentido de estado ou condição de ser tal coisa.
Adjective + …ity = Abstract Noun (significando o mesmo que o anterior: o estado, a qualidade de;
equivalente ao sufixo ...idade do português).
Verb + …tion (…sion) = Noun (sufixo de alta produtividade significando o estado, a ação ou a instituição;
equivalente ao sufixo ...ção do português).
Verb + …able (...ible) = Adjective (o mesmo que o sufixo …ável ou …ível do português; sufixo de alta
produtividade). Sua origem é o sufixo _abilis do latim, que significa capaz de, merecedor de.
Verb + …ive (…ative) = Adjective (o mesmo que o sufixo …tivo ou …ível do português; sufixo de alta
produtividade). Sua origem é o sufixo _ivus do latim, que significa ter a capacidade de.
Adjective + …ly = Adverb (o mesmo que o sufixo …mente do português; sufixo de alta produtividade)
PREFIXOS
NEGATIVE PREFIXES
Meaning: the opposite of, the absence of, not
UN_ Added to: adjectives and participles
Alta produtividade
Ex: unable
unabridged
unassuming
unattainable
unattended
unauthorized
unavailable
unbearable
unbelievable
unborn
unclear
unconstrained
unemployed
unexpected
unfair
unforgettable
unfortunate
unfriendly
unhappy
unintelligible
unkind
unpaid
unpleasant
unreplaceable
unspeakable
unstressed
unthinkable
untidy
unwilling
unwise
Meaning: not
NON_
Added to: nouns, adjectives, adverbs
Ex: non-smoker
non-conformist
non-politician
non-perishable
non-trivially
IN_ Meaning: the opposite of, not
(IL_, IM_, IR_) Added to: adjectives
Ex: illogical
immature
immovable
impatient
impolite
impossible
improper
incomplete
incorrect
inevitable
insane
irrelevant
irresponsible
Meaning: the opposite of, not
DIS_
Added to: adjectives, verbs, abstract nouns
Ex: disconnect
discourteous
dislike
disloyal
disobedience
disobedient
disobey
disorder
dissociate
Meaning: lacking in, lack of
A_
Added to: adjectives, nouns
Ex: amoral
anarchy
asexual
asymmetry
atheist
REVERSATIVE PREFIXES
Meaning: to reverse the action (1), to deprive of, to release from (2)
UN_
Added to: verbs (1), nouns (2)
Ex: (1)
uncover
undo
undress
unload
unlock
unpack
untie
unwrap
unzip
(2)
unhorse
unmask
Meaning: to reverse the action (1), to deprive of, to release from (2)
DE_
Added to: verbs, nouns
Ex: (1)
decentralize
defrost
desegregate
denationalization
(2)
decapitate
deforestation
Meaning: to reverse the action (1), lacking (2)
DIS_
Added to: verbs (1), adjectives (2)
Ex: (1)
disassemble
disconnect
discourage
disinfect
disown
(2)
discolored
discouraged
disinterested
PEJORATIVE PREFIXES
Meaning: wrongly, astray
MIS_
Added to: verbs, participles, abstract nouns
Ex: misbehave / misbehavior
miscalculate / miscalculation
misconduct
misfire
misfortune
mishap
mishear
misinform / misinformation
misleading
mistreat
misunderstanding
MAL_ Meaning: badly, bad
Added to: verbs, participles, adjectives, abstract nouns
Ex: malformation
malformed
malfunction
malnutrition
malpractice
maltreat
Meaning: false, imitation
PSEUDO_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: pseudo-Christianity
pseudo-classicism
pseudo-intellectual
pseudo-scientific
LOCATIVE PREFIXES
Meaning: above
SUPER_
Added to: nouns
Ex: superscript
superstructure
Meaning: under
SUB_
Added to: adjectives, verbs, nouns
Ex: subconscious
subcontract
subdivide
sublet
subnormal
subsection
subway
Meaning: between, among
INTER_
Added to: adjectives, verbs, nouns
Ex: inter-continental
interlinear
intermarry
international
interplay
inter-school
intertwine
interweave
Meaning: across, from one place to another
TRANS_
Added to: adjectives, verbs
Ex: transatlantic
transplant
trans-Siberian
Meaning: front part of, front
FORE_
Added to: nouns
Ex: forearm
foreground
forehead
foreleg
forename
NUMBER PREFIXES
Meaning: one
UNI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: unicycle
unidirectional
unilateral
unisex
Meaning: one
MONO_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: monogamy
monolingual
monolith
monologue
monoplane
monorail
monosyllabic
Meaning: two
BI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: bicycle
bifocal
bilateral
bilingual
bipartisan
biped
biplane
Meaning: two
DI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: dichotomy
digraph
diode
dioxide
divalent
Meaning: three
TRI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: triangle
tricycle
trident
trilingual
trimaran
trimester
trinomial
tripartite
tripod
Meaning: many
MULTI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: multiform
multi-lateral
multilingual
multi-national
multi-purpose
multiracial
multi-storey
Meaning: many
POLY_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: polyandry
polyglot
polygamy
polygon
polysemy
polysyllabic
polytechnic
Meaning: half
SEMI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Ex: semi-automatic
semicircle
semiconductor
semi-conscious
semi-detached
semi-final
semi-finalist
semi-precious
semivowel
Meaning: half
(used mainly in words of French origin)
DEMI_
Added to: nouns, adjectives
Baixa produtividade
Ex: demigod
demijohn
demi-pension
demi-sec
demisemiquaver
demitasse
HEMI_ Meaning: half
Added to: nouns adjectives
Baixa produtividade
Ex: hemicylindrical
hemisphere
Tabelas de conversões
Area
When you know: Multiply by: To find:
polegadas quadradas (square inches) 6.5 centímetros quadrados
pés quadrados (square feet) 929 centímetros quadrados
pés quadrados 0.09 metros quadrados
jardas quadradas (square yards) 0.8 metros quadrados
acres 0.4 hectares
milhas quadradas (square miles) 2.6 quilômetros quadrados
centímetros quadrados (square centimeters) 0.2 polegadas quadradas
metros quadrados (square meters) 10.8 pés quadrados
metros quadrados 1.2 jardas quadradas
hectares 2.5 acres
quilômetros quadrados (square kilometers) 0.4 milhas quadradas
Temperature
When you know: Subtract: Multiply by: Divide by: To find:
Fahrenheit 32 5 9 Celsius
When you know: Multiply by: Divide by: Add: To find:
Celsius 9 5 32 Fahrenheit
METRIC SYSTEM
_______________________Length_______________________
10 milímetros (millimeters) 1 centímetro
10 centímetros (centímeters) 1 decímetro
10 decímetros (decimeters) 1 metro
10 metros (meters) 1 decâmetro
10 decâmetros (decameters) 1 hectômetro
10 hectômetros (hectometers) 1 quilômetro
1000 metros (meters) 1 quilômetro
_______________________ Area ________________________
100 milímetros quadrados (sq. mm) 1 centímetro quadrado
10 000 centímetros quadrados (sq. cm) 1 metro quadrado
100 metros quadrados (sq. meters) 1 are
100 ares 1 hectare
10 000 metros quadrados 1 hectare
100 hectares 1 quilômetro quadrado
1 000 000 metros quadrados 1 quilômetro quadrado
_______________________ Volume______________________
1000 milímetros cúbicos (cu. mm) 1 centímetro cúbico
1000 centímetros cúbicos (cu. cm) 1 decimetro cúbico
1000 decímetros cúbicos (cu. dm) 1 metro cúbico
1 milhão centímetros cúbicos 1 metro cúbico
________________________ Capacity ____________________
10 mililitros (milliliters) 1 centilitro
10 centilitros (centiliters) 1 decilitro
10 decilitros (deciliters) 1 litro
1000 litros (liters) 1 metro cúbico
_________________________Mass ______________________
1000 gramas (grams) 1 quilograma
1000 quilogramas (kilograms) 1 tonelada
Calçados masculinos
Brasil EUA Inglaterra França Itália Argentina
38 7 7 4 38 4
39 7,5 7,5 5 39 5
40 8,5 8,5 6 40 6
41 9,5 9,5 7 41 7
42 10 10 8 42 8
43 11 11 9 43 9
Calçados femininos
Brasil EUA Inglaterra França Itália Argentina
35 6,5 4,5 37,5 37/38 37
36 7,5 5,5 38,5 39/40 38,5
37 8,5 6,5 39,5 40/41 39
38 9 7 40,5 41/42 39,5
39 10 8 41,5 42/43 40
Calçados infantis
Brasil EUA Inglaterra França Itália Argentina
24-25 7,5 7-8 24 25-26 24-25
26-27 8,5 8-9 26 27-28 26-27
28 9,5 10 27 29 28
29 10,5 11 28 30 29
30 11,5 12 29 31 30
31 12,5 12-13 30 32 31