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1. Para cada una de las siguientes funciones hallar: conjunto de ceros, máximos y
mínimos y valores que se alcanzan, conjunto imagen. Graficar.
a. 𝒇: [−𝟐𝝅; 𝟐𝝅] → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓[−2𝜋; 2𝜋]
𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∝ 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 3°𝑦 4°𝐶
𝑐
3° ∝= 𝜋
4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 2 = 0
4° ∝= 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = −
𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
∨
−2𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 −2𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋
− 𝜋 ≤ 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
5 1
𝜋 2𝑘𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋 𝜋
− ≤ ≤ 6
− ≤ ≤ 6
𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
− ≤𝑘≤ − ≤𝑘≤
𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2(−1)𝜋 = − 𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2(0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2(−1)𝜋 = − 𝜋
𝑘=0⇒𝑥= 𝜋 + 2(0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑐 = − 𝜋; − ; 𝜋; 𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 6
4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 2 = 6
−2𝜋 ≤ + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋
−2𝜋 − ≤ − + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 −
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
− 𝜋 ≤ 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + 2(−1)𝜋 = − 𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + 2(0)𝜋 =
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 6 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = − 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 =
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −2
4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 2 = −2
−2𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋
−2𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 − 𝜋
− 𝜋 ≤ 2𝑘𝜋 ≤
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2(−1)𝜋 = −
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2(0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −2 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = − 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 2
𝑓(−2𝜋) = 4𝑠𝑒𝑛(−2𝜋) + 2 = 2
𝑓(2𝜋) = 4𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝜋) + 2 = 2
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = [−2; 6]
𝑃 = 2𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝟑 𝟓 𝝅
b. 𝒇: − ; 𝝅 → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝒙 −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓 = − 𝜋; 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − =0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 0 𝑒𝑛 0 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝜋
2𝑥 − = 0 + 2𝑘𝜋 ∨ 2𝑥 − = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = 2𝑘𝜋 + 2𝑥 = 𝜋 + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥= 𝑥= +
𝑥= + 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋 + 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋
Por dominio de f(x)
− 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 + ≤ 𝜋 ∨ − 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− 𝜋 − ≤ 𝑘𝜋 + − ≤ 𝜋 − − 𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 + 𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋
− 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− ≤ ≤ − ≤ ≤
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (−1)𝜋 = − 𝜋 ∨ 𝑘 = −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (−2)𝜋 = − 𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (0)𝜋 = 𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (−1)𝜋 = −
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋 𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (2)𝜋 = 𝜋 𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑐 = − 𝜋 ;− 𝜋 ;− ; ; 𝜋 ; 𝜋 ; 𝜋 ; 𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 1
2𝑥 − = + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥=
− 𝜋 ≤ + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− 𝜋 − ≤ − + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 −
− ≤ ≤
−2 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 2
𝑘 = −2, −1,0,1,2,
𝑘 = −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (−2)𝜋 = − 𝜋
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (−1)𝜋 = −
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (0)𝜋 =
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (2)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = − 𝜋, 𝑥 = − , 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1
2𝑥 − = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
2𝑥 = 𝜋 + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥=
− 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− 𝜋 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋
− 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = −2; −1; 0; 1
𝑘 = −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (−2)𝜋 = −𝜋
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (−1)𝜋 = 0
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (1)𝜋 = 2𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −𝜋, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2𝜋
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = (−1; 1)
𝑃= =𝜋
𝑓 − 𝜋 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 − 𝜋 − =1
𝑓 𝜋 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 𝜋 − =1
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
c. 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓 = ℝ
𝑐
−3 cos 𝑥 = 0
cos 𝑥 = 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= 0 𝑒𝑛 + 𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = + 𝑘𝜋
𝑐 = 𝑥⁄𝑥 𝜖ℝ ∧ 𝑥 = + 𝑘𝜋 ∧ 𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −3
−3 cos 𝑥 = −3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= 1 𝑒𝑛 0 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 0 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −3 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2𝑘𝜋 ∧ 𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 3
−3 cos 𝑥 = 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= −1 𝑒𝑛 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 3 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = [−3; 3]
𝑃 = 2𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
− ≤ ≤
−1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 3 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0,1,2,3
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = (−1)𝜋 = −𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = (0)𝜋 = 0
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = (2)𝜋 = 2𝜋
𝑘 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = (3)𝜋 = 3𝜋
𝑐 = {−𝜋; 0; 𝜋; 2𝜋; 3𝜋}
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 0
cos(2𝑥) − 1 = 0
cos(2𝑥) = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= 1 𝑒𝑛 0 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋 por dominio de la función
−𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 3𝜋
− ≤ ≤
−1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 3 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0,1,2,3
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = (−1)𝜋 = −𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = (0)𝜋 = 0
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = (2)𝜋 = 2𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑘 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = (3)𝜋 = 3𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −2
cos(2𝑥) − 1 = −2
cos(2𝑥) = −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= −1 𝑒𝑛 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥= +
−𝜋 ≤ + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 3𝜋
−𝜋 − ≤ − + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 3𝜋 −
− 𝜋 ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = −1,0,1,2
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (−1)𝜋 = −
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (0)𝜋 =
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (2)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −2 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = − , 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝜋
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = [−2; 0]
𝑃= =𝜋
𝑓(−𝜋) = cos(−2𝜋) − 1 = 0
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑓(3𝜋) = cos(2.3𝜋) − 1 = 0
𝝅
e. ℝ − 𝒙⁄𝒙 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝒙 = + 𝒌𝝅 ∧ 𝒌 ∈ ℤ → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒕𝒈𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟐
𝑐
𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑡𝑔𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑔 ∝= 1 𝑒𝑛 0 + 𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋
𝑐 = {𝑥⁄𝑥 𝜖ℝ ∧ 𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋 ∧ 𝑘𝜖ℤ}
𝑃=𝜋
𝑡𝑔 𝑥 =0 𝑡𝑔 ∝= 1 𝑒𝑛 0 + 𝑘𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = −1; 0; 1
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2(−1)𝜋 = −2𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2(0)𝜋 = 0
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2(1)𝜋 = 2𝜋
𝑐 = {−2𝜋; 0; 2𝜋}
𝑃= = 2𝜋
𝝅 𝟑
g. 𝒇: [𝟎; 𝟐𝝅] − ; 𝝅 → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
j. 𝒇: [𝟎; 𝟐𝝅] → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝒙 −
𝟐
2𝑥 − = 2𝑘𝜋 ∨ 2𝑥 − = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = + 2𝑘𝜋 ∨ 2𝑥 = 𝜋 + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥= + ∨ 𝑥= +
0 ≤ + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 0 ≤ 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋
0 − ≤ − + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 − 0 − 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 − 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 − 𝜋
− ≤ ≤ − ≤ 𝑘𝜋 ≤
𝑘 = 0; 1
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (0)𝜋 =
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (0)𝜋 = 𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑐 = ; 𝜋 ; 𝜋; 𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 1
2𝑥 − = + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥=
0 ≤ + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋
− ≤ − + 𝑘𝜋 ≤ 2𝜋 −
− ≤ ≤
− ≤𝑘≤ 𝑘∈ℤ
𝑘 = 0; 1
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (0)𝜋 =
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = + (1)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑛 1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1
2𝑥 − = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑥 = 𝜋 + + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑥=
− ≤ ≤
−1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 1 𝑘∈ℤ
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑘 = −1,0,1
𝑘 = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (−1)𝜋 = 0
𝑘 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (0)𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + (1)𝜋 = 2𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2𝜋
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = [−1; 1]
𝑃=𝜋
k. 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ⁄𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝑐
2 cos 𝑥 + 1 = 0
cos 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= − 𝑒𝑛 𝜋 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝜋
𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋
𝑐 = 𝑥⁄𝑥 𝜖ℝ ∧ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋 ∧ 𝑘𝜖ℤ
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 3
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1 = 3
cos 𝑥 = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= 1 𝑒𝑛 0 𝑜 𝑒𝑛 2𝜋
𝑥 = 0 + 2𝑘𝜋 ∨ 𝑥 = 2𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 = 3 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2𝑘𝜋 y en 𝑥 = 2𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
INTRODUCCION AL CÁLCULO MÉRIDA, IVANA
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1 = −1
cos 𝑥 = −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝= −1 𝑒𝑛 𝜋
𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 = −1 𝑦 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝜋 + 2𝑘𝜋
𝐼𝑚𝑓 = [−1; 3]
𝑃 = 2𝜋