artigo

O LEGADO DA PARTILHA DA ÍNDIA E PAQUISTÃO

3.AVǦ

THE LEGACY OF PARTITION




Mariana Faiad B. Alves1

Resumo: •–‡ ƒ”–‹‰‘ „—•…ƒ ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ” ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ Abstract:Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ƒ‹•–‘ƒƒŽ›•‡–Š‡˜‹‘Ž‡…‡

contra Muçulmanos na Índia como um dos ƒ‰ƒ‹•– —•Ž‹• ‹ †‹ƒ ƒ• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹
’”‹…‹’ƒ‹•Ž‡‰ƒ†‘•†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ‡ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ Ž‡‰ƒ…›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–‹–‹‘Ǥ–™‹ŽŽ†‹•…—••”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•ǡ‘”
 ƒ”–‹‰‘ ‹”ž †‹•…—–‹” ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ ‡ communal, violence in a double stance, as cause
— †—’Ž‘ ’ƒ’‡Žǡ …‘‘ …ƒ—•ƒ ‡ …‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ †‡
†‡…‹•Ù‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•Ǥ‡” ‘ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•‡
–‘”‘ †ƒ ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡ ‡ ‘ ’ƒ’‡Ž †ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ
ƒ• †‡…‹•Ù‡• ‡ …—”•‘ ‘ ’‡”À‘†‘Ǥ  •‡‰—‹†ƒǡ ‘
ƒ”–‹‰‘‹”žƒƒŽ‹•ƒ”ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘‘ˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ†ƒ
†‡•–”—‹­ ‘†ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒ‡›‘†Š›ƒǡ‡‘ƒ••ƒ…”‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–
‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ …‘‘ ƒ’‡Ž‘ ϐ‹ƒŽ ƒ …‘””‹†ƒ ƒ‘ ’‘†‡” ƒ•ƒˆ‹ƒŽƒ’’‡ƒŽ‘–Š‡”—ˆ‘”’‘™‡”ˆ”‘‹†—
†‘• ‰”—’‘• ‡š–”‡‹•–ƒ• Š‹†—•Ǥ ‘” ϐ‹ǡ ‹”ž
discorrer sobre a representação dos muçulmanos
ƒ† ƒ• …‘•‡“—‡…‡• ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ †‡…‹•‹‘•Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ
ƒƒŽ›•‡–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–‹–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ
communal violence in the politics of that period.
Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽ‘˜‡–‘ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ…‘—ƒŽ
violence as a mechanism in the destruction of the
ƒ„”‹ƒ•Œ‹†‹›‘†Š›ƒǡƒ†–Š‡’‘‰”‘‘ˆ
‡š–”‡‹•–•Ǥ–Žƒ•–ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽŽ‘‘ƒ––Š‡†‹•…‘—”•‡•‘
–Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—•Ž‹•‹…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›
ƒA†‹ƒ…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒǤ †‹ƒǤ

Palavras-chaveǣ ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡ ›‘†Š›ƒǡ

—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ Key-words: ƒ”–‹–‹‘ǡ ›‘†Š›ƒǡ
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ ‹‘Ž‡…‡ǡ
‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǡ—­—Žƒ‘•Ǥ Muslims

Introdução

A†‹ƒ’‘••—‹ƒ–‡”…‡‹”ƒƒ‹‘”’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘—­—Žƒƒ†‘—†‘ǡƒ–”ž•†ƒ†‘±•‹ƒ
‡†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘—­—ŽƒƒƒA†‹ƒ‰‹”ƒ‡–‘”‘†‘•ͳ͹ʹ‹ŽŠÙ‡••‡‰—†‘
o censo de 2011, correspondendo a 14,2 por cento da população do país. A Índia é o país
com a maior minoria muçulmana do mundo.
 …Š‡‰ƒ†ƒ†‘•’”‹‡‹”‘•—­—Žƒ‘•ž”ƒ„‡•‘…‘””‡—‘‹À…‹‘†‘•±…—Ž‘ǡ‡
— Š‹•–×”‹…‘ †‡ …‘ˆ”‘–‘• ‡ •ƒ“—‡•ǡ •‡ ϐ‹…ƒ” †‘À‹‘ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘ ‡ –‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽǤ  A†‹ƒ
foi formalmente governada por muçulmanos, não árabes, mas de origem turca, no século
ǡ‘“—‡±…‘Š‡…‹†‘’‘”’±”‹‘—‰ŠƒŽǡ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‹†‘ƒ’ו‘‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ„—”˜‡…‡”ƒ
„ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ†‡ƒ‹’ƒ–‡ͳͷʹ͸Ǥ

1
‘••—‹‰”ƒ†—ƒ­ ‘‡–”‘’‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ’‡Ž‘
‘Ž†•‹–Š•‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡†‡‘†”‡•ǡ‡•–”ƒ†‘…‘…Ž—À†‘
‡†‘—–‘”ƒ†‘‡ƒ†ƒ‡–‘’‡Ž‘‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–‘†‡‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ†ƒ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡•–ƒ†—ƒŽ†‡ƒ’‹ƒ•Ǥ ‘‹
visiting researcher no Institute for Social and Economic Change‡ƒ‰ƒŽ‘”‡ǡA†‹ƒȋʹͲͳͲȌ‡‘Center for
Postcolonial Studies†ƒ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡†‡‘†”‡•ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤƒ‹Žǣƒ”‹ˆƒ‹ƒ†ǤƒŽ˜‡•̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘Ǥ‹’ƒ”ƒ‘
—””À…—Ž‘ƒ––‡•ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀŽƒ––‡•Ǥ…’“Ǥ„”Ȁ͵ͻͷͳͲ͹͵Ͷʹͺ͵ͷʹͷͺ͵.

36 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

  ”‡Žƒ­ ‘ ‡–”‡ —­—Žƒ‘• ‡ ƒ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ †ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘ ‹†‹ƒƒǡ …Žƒ••‹ϐ‹…ƒ†ƒ

†‡–”‘†ƒƒ„ƒ‰‡”ƒŽ‡…‘–”‘˜‡”•ƒ†‡Š‹†—•ǡ’‘••—‹—Š‹•–×”‹…‘†‡…‘˜‹˜²…‹ƒ’ƒ…Àϐ‹…ƒǡ
…‘’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†‘ …”‡­ƒ• ‡ Ž‘…ƒ‹• •ƒ‰”ƒ†‘•ǡ …‘‘ ± ‘ …ƒ•‘ †‘• …‡–”‘• •—ϐ‹•–ƒ•ǡ „”ƒ­‘
’”‡†‘‹ƒ–‡ †‘ •Ž  ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘  ±’‘…ƒǡ “—‡ ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ˜ƒ ‹–‡”ƒ­Ù‡• …‘ …—Ž–‘• Š‹†—•Ǥ
ƒ‡•ƒˆ‘”ƒǡŠ‹†—•‡—­—Žƒ‘••‡—‹”ƒ‡Ž—–ƒ•…‘–”ƒ‘†‘À‹‘†‘’±”‹‘
”‹–Ÿ‹…‘ǡ …‘‘ ƒ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ ‰—‡””ƒ †‡ ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ †ƒ A†‹ƒǤ ‘” ‘—–”‘ Žƒ†‘ǡ Šž —
Š‹•–×”‹…‘†‡…‘ˆ”‘–‘•‡„ƒ–ƒŽŠƒ•ǡ†‡†‹•…”‹‹ƒ­ ‘‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǤ’ו•±…—Ž‘•†‡…‘˜À˜‹‘ǡ
as políticas em torno da formação de um Estado moderno na região foram fundamentadas
‘ ’”‹…À’‹‘ †‡ “—‡ ‘• —­—Žƒ‘• ‡ ‘• Š‹†—• †‡˜‡”‹ƒ …ƒ†ƒ “—ƒŽ –‡” ‘ •‡— ’”×’”‹‘
‡•’ƒ­‘Ǥ ‹†—• ‡ —­—Žƒ‘• ‘’–ƒ”ƒ ’‡Žƒ ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘ †‡ †‘‹• •–ƒ†‘• •‡’ƒ”ƒ†‘•
ȋƒ–—ƒŽ‡–‡–”²•Ȍǡ‘‡˜‡–‘…‘Š‡…‹†‘’‘”ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ‡ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ
 •–‡ƒ”–‹‰‘’”‡–‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ”ƒ•…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ•†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒƒ•”‡Žƒ­Ù‡•‡–”‡Š‹†—•
‡—­—Žƒ‘•ƒA†‹ƒ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡Ǥ‡–”‡ƒ•†‹˜‡”•ƒ•ˆƒ…‡–ƒ•†‡•–ƒ•”‡Žƒ­Ù‡•ǡ‡•–‡ƒ”–‹‰‘
ˆ‘…ƒ”ž‘•‡˜‡–‘•†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ‡…‘Ž‡–‹˜ƒǡ‡‡’‹•×†‹‘•“—‡…Šƒƒ‘•†‡–——Ž–‘•
sectários. Ademais, o artigo irá discorrer sobre processos de representação dos muçulmanos
ƒA†‹ƒǡƒ”‰—‡–ƒ†‘“—‡…‡”–ƒ•ƒžŽ‹•‡••‘…‹ƒ‹•†‡•…‘•‹†‡”ƒƒ‹ϐŽ—²…‹ƒ†ƒ…—Ž–—”ƒ
—­—Žƒƒ ƒ A†‹ƒ …‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒǡ ‹ϐŽ—‡…‹ƒ†‘ ‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡• “—‡ ‹‰‘”ƒ ‘ ’ƒ’‡Ž †ƒ
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ…‘‘ˆƒ–‘…‘•–ƒ–‡ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡‹†‹ƒƒ’וǦ…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽǤ

I Políticas em torno da Partilha da Índia e Paquistão

 A†‹ƒ …‘“—‹•–‘— ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ ‘ †‹ƒ ͳͷ †‡ ƒ‰‘•–‘ †‡ ͳͻͶ͹ǡ após uma luta
ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ†‡ƒ‹•†‡–”²•†±…ƒ†ƒ•Ǥ”‡‰‹ ‘“—‡‡•–ƒ˜ƒ•‘„†‘À‹‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘ǡ”‹–‹•Š
ƒŒǡˆ‘‹†‹˜‹†‹†ƒ‡†‘‹••–ƒ†‘•ǣƒA†‹ƒ‡‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡ‘‡˜‡–‘Š‹•–×”‹…‘…‘Š‡…‹†‘’‘”
ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǤƒ“—‹•– ‘…‘“—‹•–‘—‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ‘†‹ƒͳͶ†‡ƒ‰‘•–‘†‡
ͳͻͶ͹ǡ‡ƒ’”‹…À’‹‘‡”ƒ…‘’‘•–‘†‡†—ƒ•’ƒ”–‡••‡’ƒ”ƒ†ƒ•ǡ‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘…‹†‡–ƒŽȋƒ–—ƒŽ
ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ȍ ‡ ‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ”‹‡–ƒŽǤ  ͳͻ͹ͳǡ …‘ ‘ ƒ’‘‹‘ †ƒ ‡– ‘ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ ‹‹•–”ƒ
‹†‹ƒƒ †‹”ƒ
ƒ†Š‹ǡ ‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ”‹‡–ƒŽ …‘“—‹•–‘— ƒ ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒǡ –‘”ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡
ƒ‰Žƒ†‡•ŠǤ
 ‹†ƒ“—‡‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ȋ‘”‹‡–ƒŽ‡‘…‹†‡–ƒŽȌ–‡Šƒ…‡Ž‡„”ƒ†‘•—ƒ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ
‘†‹ƒͳͶ†‡ƒ‰‘•–‘†‡ͳͻͶ͹ǡ‡ƒA†‹ƒ‘†‹ƒͳͷǡƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•†‘•‘˜‘••–ƒ†‘•ˆ‘”ƒ
ƒ—…‹ƒ†ƒ• ‘ †‹ƒ ͳ͹ †‡ ƒ‰‘•–‘ †‡ ͳͻͶ͹Ǥ • ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ• ˆ‘”ƒ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‹†ƒ• ’‘” —ƒ
…‘‹•• ‘Ž‹†‡”ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘ƒ†˜‘‰ƒ†‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘›”‹Žƒ†…Ž‹ˆˆ‡ǡ“—‡’‘—…‘…‘Š‡…‹ƒƒ”‡‰‹ ‘ǡ
—–‹Ž‹œƒ†‘Ǧ•‡ †‡ ƒ’ƒ• ‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒ‹• ‘”‹—†‘• †‘• ”‡‰‹•–”‘• ƒ…——Žƒ†‘• ’‡Ž‘• †‹˜‡”•‘•
…‡•‘•†‡‘‰”žϐ‹…‘•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ†‘•’‡Ž‘•„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•Ǥ‘—‹†ƒ†‡•ǡˆƒÀŽ‹ƒ•‡’”‘’”‹‡†ƒ†‡•
ˆ‘”ƒ …‘”–ƒ†ƒ• ƒ‘ ‡‹‘ ƒ †‹˜‹• ‘ǡ ‘ “—‡ ˆ‘‹ — ’‡”À‘†‘ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ†‘ ’‘” ‹–‡•ƒ
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‡†‡•Ž‘…ƒ‡–‘†‡’‡••‘ƒ•Ǥ
A partilha do subcontinente, e o estabelecimento de dois Estados independentes
†ƒA†‹ƒ‡†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ȋ‘…‹†‡–ƒŽ‡‘”‹‡–ƒŽȌ‘…‘””‡—…‘—ƒ”ƒ’‹†‡œ‹’”‡••‹‘ƒ–‡‡
de forma imprevista nos anos anteriores. Foi em um intervalo de tempo curto, apenas um

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 37

 artigo

ano, entre a primeira articulação formal de demanda para um Estado soberano para os
—­—Žƒ‘•†ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘ǡ‡‘‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‹‡–‘†‡ˆƒ–‘†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ’‘—…‘•’”‡˜‹”ƒ“—‡ƒ
†‹˜‹• ‘†‘–‡””‹–×”‹‘‡†‘’‘†‡”…‡–”ƒŽ•‡”‹ƒƒ…‘’ƒŠƒ†ƒ’‘”“—ƒŽ“—‡”…‘‹•ƒ•‡‡ŽŠƒ–‡
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ†‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒ‡•–‡’‡”À‘†‘Ǥ
 ”‡–‹”ƒ†ƒ†‘•„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•†ƒA†‹ƒˆ‘‹ƒ—…‹ƒ†ƒƒ˜‹–×”‹ƒ†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘–”ƒ„ƒŽŠ‹•–ƒ
ƒ•‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ•‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ͳͻͶͷǡ‡‹‘ƒ…‘•–ƒ–ƒ­ ‘†‡“—‡‘‡•–ƒ†‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘ǡ
†‡˜ƒ•–ƒ†‘’‡Žƒ‡‰—†ƒ
—‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡ ‘’‘†‡”‹ƒƒ‹••‡•—•–‡–ƒ”…‘‘’‘–²…‹ƒ
‹’‡”‹ƒŽƒ”‡‰‹ ‘Ǥƒ–‘†‘’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘’”‘’Ø•—ƒ†ƒ–ƒ’ƒ”ƒƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ
†‡’‘†‡”’ƒ”ƒƒ• ‘•†‘•‹†‹ƒ‘•ǡƒ”…ƒ†ƒ’ƒ”ƒŒ—Š‘†‡ͳͻͶͺǡ“—‡ˆ‘‹ƒ–‡…‹’ƒ†ƒ‡
—ƒ‘’‡Ž‘‹‘˜‹…‡Ǧ”‡‹’ƒ”ƒƒA†‹ƒǡŽ‘”†‡‘—‹•‘—–„ƒ––‡Ǥ˜‹…‡Ǧ”‡‹‡‰‘…‹‘—
ƒ ”‡–‹”ƒ†ƒ „”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ …‘ ‘• ‡„”‘• †‘ ’ƒ”–‹†‘ †‘ ‘‰”‡••‘ ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ ȋ†‘”ƒ˜ƒ–‡
‘‰”‡••‘Ȍǡ Ž‹†‡”ƒ†‘• ’‘” ƒ™ƒŠƒ”ŽƒŽ ‡Š”—ǡ ‡ …‘ ‘• ‡„”‘• †ƒ ‹‰ƒ —­—Žƒƒ
Ž‹†‡”ƒ†ƒ ’‘” —Šƒƒ† Ž‹ ‹ƒŠǤ  ±’‘…ƒ †ƒ ”‡–‹”ƒ†ƒ „”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǡ ‘• —­—Žƒ‘•
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ˜ƒƒ‹•†‡͵Ͳ’‘”…‡–‘†ƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘†ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘Ǥ
 –”‡ ‘• ƒ‘• †‡ ͳͺͷ͹ ‡ ͳͺͷͺǡ †‹˜‡”•ƒ• ”‡„‡Ž‹Ù‡• †‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ”ƒ ‘ “—‡ ‘•
‹†‹ƒ‘• …‘•‹†‡”ƒ ƒ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ
—‡””ƒ †‡ †‡’‡†²…‹ƒ †ƒ A†‹ƒǡ ƒ “—ƒŽ ± …Šƒƒ†ƒǡ
’‡Ž‘•„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•ǡ†‡Sepoy MutinyǤ‡•–‡’‡”À‘†‘ǡƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ­ ‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒƒA†‹ƒ‡”ƒ
…‘–”‘Žƒ†ƒ ’‡Žƒ ‘’ƒŠ‹ƒ †ƒ• A†‹ƒ ”‹‡–ƒ‹•Ǥ Sepoy é o título designado a soldados
ƒ–‹˜‘•ǡ Š‹†—• ‡ —­—Žƒ‘• •‘„”‡–—†‘ǡ ‡’”‡‰ƒ†‘• ƒ •‡”˜‹­‘ †ƒ ‘’ƒŠ‹ƒǤ 
”‡˜‘Ž–ƒ†‘••‡’‘›•—‹—Š‹†—•ȋ†‡†‹˜‡”•ƒ•…ƒ•–ƒ•Ȍ‡—­—Žƒ‘•ȋ†‡†‹˜‡”•ƒ••‡‹–ƒ•Ȍǡ‡
†‡•‡…ƒ†‡‘——ƒ‘†ƒ†‡”‡„‡Ž‹Ù‡•’‘”–‘†ƒƒA†‹ƒǤ•‘–‹˜‘•‡šƒ–‘•“—‡†‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ”ƒ
‡•–ƒ‰—‡””ƒ• ‘…‘’Ž‡š‘•ǡ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡•†‡‹ï‡”‘•ˆƒ–‘•‘…‘””‹†‘•‘…—”•‘†ƒ•”‡Žƒ­Ù‡•
–”ƒ˜ƒ†ƒ• ’‡Žƒ ‘’ƒŠ‹ƒ ƒ A†‹ƒ †‡•†‡ ‘ •±…—Ž‘ Ǥ • …‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ• †‡•–ƒ ‰—‡””ƒ
Ž‡˜ƒ”ƒ†‹••‘Ž—­ ‘†ƒ‘’ƒŠ‹ƒǡ‡’‘••‡†‹”‡–ƒ†ƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ­ ‘†ƒA†‹ƒ’‡Žƒ…‘”‘ƒ
„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǡƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†‘”‹–‹•ŠƒŒǤ”ƒ‹Šƒ‹–×”‹ƒˆ‘‹ƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ’‡”ƒ–”‹œ†ƒA†‹ƒǤ
A Guerra, portanto, resultou em mudanças radicais nas políticas da administração
…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽǤ‹‰‹ϐ‹…‘—ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ‘ϐ‹†ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡ƒ‡šƒ­ ‘†‡–‡””ƒǡ‡‘‹À…‹‘†‡
uma política de alianças com as elites locais, e com os principados autônomos (principados
—­—Žƒ‘•ǡ“—‡ƒ–‹˜‡”ƒ•‘„‡”ƒ‹ƒƒ’ו‘†‡…ŽÀ‹‘†‘’±”‹‘—‰ŠƒŽǡ‡’”‹…‹’ƒ†‘•
Š‹†—•Ȍǡƒϐ‹†‡‡˜‹–ƒ”‘—–”ƒ•”‡„‡Ž‹Ù‡•‡†‡…‡”…‡ƒ”ƒ…”‡•…‡–‡‘†ƒƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒǤƒŒ
†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‡—‘“—‡ϐ‹…‘—…‘Š‡…‹†‘’‘”Divide and Rule PolicyȂ†‹˜‹†‹”’ƒ”ƒ‰‘˜‡”ƒ”Ǧ“—‡ǡ
ƒ•’ƒŽƒ˜”ƒ•†‘ˆ—…‹‘ž”‹‘ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•‹” ‘Š–”ƒ…Š‡”›ǡ„—•…ƒ˜ƒ’”‡˜‡‹”
‘…”‡•…‹‡–‘†‡“—ƒ‹•“—‡”•‡–‹‡–‘•—‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘•†‡…—Š‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒȋ–‡™ƒ”–ͳͻͷͳǣ
ͶͻȌǤƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘‘‡š±”…‹–‘ǡ‡ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•ƒ‹•†‹”‡–ƒ•…‘ƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘ǡ‡••ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ
•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ˜ƒ ‡ˆƒ–‹œƒ” ƒ• †‹ˆ‡”‡­ƒ• †‡ …ƒ•–ƒ ‡ †‡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘ …‘ ‘ ‹–—‹–‘ †‡ ’”‡˜‡‹” ƒ
ƒ•…‡• ‘†‡—ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘—‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘ǡ–‡†‘‡˜‹•–ƒƒ‰—‡””ƒ†‘•‡’‘›•Ǥ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‘
divide and ruleƒ–—‘—‡’”‹‡‹”‘Ž—‰ƒ”‘‡š±”…‹–‘ǡ…‘‘‹–—‹–‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒ””‡‰‹‡–‘•
distintos compostos por grupos religiosos distintos, assim como regimentos em torno de
…”‹–±”‹‘• †‡ …ƒ•–ƒ•Ǥ  •‡‰—‹†ƒǡ ‘ ƒŒ ’ƒ••‘— ƒ ‹˜‡•–‹” ‡ — ‡•‘ †‡‘‰”žϐ‹…‘ “—‡
…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ˜ƒƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘’‘”…ƒ•–ƒ‡”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘ǡˆ‘”ƒ†‘‡Ž‡‹–‘”ƒ†‘•‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…‘•Ǥ

38 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

 ƒ”ƒ
›ƒ ƒ†‡› ȋͳͻͻͲȌǡ Œ—•–‹ϐ‹…ƒ” ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ •‡…–ž”‹ƒ †‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒ ’‡Ž‘•
’”‘…‡••‘•“—‡Ž‡˜ƒ”ƒà‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ‡†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘…‘‘ˆ”—–‘†‡†‡•ƒ˜‡­ƒ•
entre as duas maiores comunidades religiosas da região não passava de um desdobramento
discursivo da política do divide and ruleǤ‡•–ƒ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒǡƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‡…—”•‘‘’‡”À‘†‘
…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ ‡”ƒ —‹–‘ ƒ‹• …‘’Ž‡šƒǡ ‡˜‘Ž˜‡†‘ ƒ• ”‡Žƒ­Ù‡• ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‡• –”ƒ˜ƒ†ƒ• ‡–”‡
‘•„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•‡‘•”‡•’‡…–‹˜‘•ŽÀ†‡”‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘•ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘‘“—‡•‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ƒ‘ƒ…‡••‘
terra e a postos de trabalho dentro da administração colonial, com o intuito de coibir
“—ƒŽ“—‡” ˆ‘”ƒ †‡ ”‡„‡Ž‹ ‘Ǥ ‘ ‹••‘ǡ ƒ• Š‘•–‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡• ‡–”‡ ƒ• …‘—‹†ƒ†‡• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•
• ‘ — †‡•†‘„”ƒ‡–‘ †‹”‡–‘ †ƒ• ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ• „”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ• “—‡ …—Ž‹ƒ”ƒ ƒ ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǣ ƒ
…‘…”‡–‹œƒ­ ‘ †ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ †‘ †‹˜‹†‹” ’ƒ”ƒ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ”Ǥ ‡ ˆƒ–‘ǡ ƒ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ ‰”ƒ†‡ ‘†ƒ †‡
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‘’‡”À‘†‘…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽˆ‘‹‘ƒ••ƒ…”‡†‡ƒ™’‘”‡ǡŽ‹†‡”ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘••‡’‘›•ȂŠ‹†—•
‡—­—Žƒ‘•—‹†‘•Ȃ…‘—•ƒŽ–‘†‡ƒ‹•†‡ͳʹͲ˜À–‹ƒ•ˆƒ–ƒ‹•ǡƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǤ
 ‘ ƒ‘ †‡ ͳͻͲͷǡ ‘ ‡– ‘ ˜‹…‡Ǧ”‡‹ †ƒ A†‹ƒ „”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǡ Ž‘”†‡ —”œ‘ǡ †‹˜‹†‹— ƒ ƒ‹‘”
’”‘˜À…‹ƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜ƒ†ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘ǡƒ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ†‡‡‰ƒŽƒǡ…—Œƒ…ƒ’‹–ƒŽƒŽ…—–ž‡”ƒƒ•‡†‡†‘
ƒŒǤ‘”—–‘’ƒ”Žƒ‡–ƒ”ǡ—”œ‘†‹˜‹†‹—ƒ’‡À•—Žƒ†‡‡‰ƒŽƒ‡—ƒ’ƒ”–‡‘…‹†‡–ƒŽǡ
†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒŠ‹†—ǡ…‘…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‡ƒŽ…—–žǡ‡‡—ƒ’ƒ”–‡‘”‹‡–ƒŽǡ…‘ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ
…‘…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‡Šƒƒȋƒ–—ƒŽ…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ†‡ƒ‰Žƒ†‡•ŠȌǤ‡Ž‹–‡„‡‰ƒŽ‹†ƒ’ƒ”…‡Žƒ‘…‹†‡–ƒŽǡ‘•
bhadralok, protestou de forma abrupta a possível perda de territórios. Por ter sido uma partilha
na região mais importante do império, a rebelião hindu reverberou por toda a Índia. Foi nesse
‘‡–‘ “—‡ ‘• —­—Žƒ‘• •‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”ƒ ‡ ˆ—†ƒ”ƒ ƒ ‹‰ƒ —­—Žƒƒ Ȃ All-India
Muslim Leagueǡ‡ŠƒƒǤƒ†ƒƒ†‹•’ƒ”‹†ƒ†‡†‡’”‘–‡•–‘•…‘–”ƒƒ’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ†‡
„‡‰ƒŽƒǡƒ’”‘’‘•–ƒ ‘•‡…‘…”‡–‹œ‘—ǡ—”œ‘ˆ‘‹‡š‘‡”ƒ†‘†‘’‘•–‘‡”‡–‘”‘—‰Žƒ–‡””ƒǤ
Mas parte considerável da elite muçulmana aderiu a ideia, e mesmo com o fracasso da partilha
†‡‡‰ƒŽƒǡ•—”‰‹——‘˜‹‡–‘‡–‘”‘†ƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†‡‡•–ƒ†‘•ˆ‡†‡”ƒ–‹˜‘•—­—Žƒ‘•
†‡–”‘†ƒ—‹ ‘‹†‹ƒƒǤ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ†‘divide and rule já havia construído um modelo de
SDUWLFLSDomRSROtWLFDYROWDGRDHOHLWRUDGRVHVSHFt¿FRVFRPYRWRVSURSRUFLRQDLV$OLJD0XoXOPDQD
SDVVRXDUHLYLQGLFDUXPHOHLWRUDGRPXoXOPDQRHVSHFt¿FRQDVUHJL}HVGHPDLRULDPXoXOPDQDSDUD
FRPSRURTXDGURDGPLQLVWUDWLYRGDËQGLDLQGHSHQGHQWH
    ‡•–ƒ†‘ †‘ —Œƒ„ ˆ‘‹ —ƒ ’‡­ƒ …”—…‹ƒŽ ‘• Œ‘‰‘• †‡ ‹–‡”‡••‡  ±’‘…ƒ †ƒ
‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒǤ—Œƒ„ƒA†‹ƒ…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ‡”ƒ—‡•–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ‡–ƒ„±
‡”ƒ‘Ž‘…ƒŽ‘†‡˜‹˜‹ƒƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†‘•‹Šǡ…—Œ‘•‹–‡”‡••‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘•‡•–ƒ˜ƒƒŽ‹Šƒ†‘•…‘
ƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒŠ‹†—ǡ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ†ƒ•‘„”‡–—†‘’‡Ž‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘2Ǥ ‘‹‘—Œƒ„‡
ͳͻʹͶǡ“—‡’‡Žƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ˜‡œƒ•‘Ž—­ ‘’ƒ”ƒƒ•‘„‡”ƒ‹ƒ…‘–‡•–ƒ†ƒƒ”‡‰‹ ‘ˆ‘‹’”‘’‘•–ƒ
’‡Ž‘ ŽÀ†‡” ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ Š‹†— ƒŽƒ ƒŒ’ƒ– ƒ‹Ǥ Ž‡ ’”‘’Ø• —ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ †ƒ ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ †‘
—Œƒ„ǡ‘•‘Ž†‡•’”‡˜‹•–‘•’‘”—”œ‘‡‡‰ƒŽƒǡ’ƒ”ƒƒ–‡”‘’”‹…À’‹‘†‘‰‘˜‡”‘
†ƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ‡ˆ‡–‹˜‘Ǣƒ‹†‹•…‘”†ƒ˜ƒ†ƒ’”‘’‘•–ƒ†‡“—‡‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒ
•‡”‹ƒ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ†‘• ’‡Ž‘• —­—Žƒ‘•ǡ •‘„”‡–—†‘ †ƒ• …‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ• †‡•–‡ ‰‘˜‡”‘
’ƒ”ƒ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘ Š‹†— ‡ •‹ŠǤ —ƒ ’”‘’‘•–ƒ †‡ …”‹ƒ­ ‘ †‡ †—ƒ• ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• †‘‹ƒ†ƒ•
2
 ’ƒ”–‹†‘ †‘ ‘‰”‡••‘ ˆ‘‹ ’‡­ƒ …Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Ž—–ƒ ’‡Žƒ ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒǡ …‘ Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ• ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡• …‘‘
ƒ™ƒŠƒ”ŽƒŽ‡Š”—‡
ƒ†Š‹Ǥ‘‰”‡••‘ ‘ˆ‘”ƒˆ—†ƒ†‘…‘‘—’ƒ”–‹†‘Š‹†—Ǣ†‹˜‡”•ƒ•Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ•
—­—Žƒƒ•…‘’—Šƒ‘“—ƒ†”‘†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘Ǥ ‘‹‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‹ƒ–‡ƒA†‹ƒ’וǦ…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽƒ–±ƒƒ•…‡Ǧ
• ‘†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒŠ‹†— ‡‡ƒ†‘•†ƒ†±…ƒ†ƒ†‡ͳͻͺͲǤ

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 39

 artigo

’‘”—­—Žƒ‘•Ȃ‡ˆ‡–‹˜ƒ‡–‡ƒ‡–ƒ†‡†‘—Œƒ„‡ƒ‡–ƒ†‡†‡‡‰ƒŽƒǦ†‡˜‡”‹ƒ
permanecer parte da Índia de maioria hindu.
 ƒ• ˆ‘‹ —Šƒƒ† “„ƒŽǡ ŽÀ†‡” —­—Žƒ‘ †‘ —Œƒ„ǡ “—‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‘— ‘•
’ƒ”Ÿ‡–”‘• †‘ †‡„ƒ–‡Ǥ “„ƒŽ ˆ‘‹ ‘ ’”‹‡‹”‘ ƒ Ž‡˜ƒ” ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ — †‹•…—”•‘
”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘“—‡…”‹–‹…ƒ˜ƒƒ’”‘’‘•–ƒ†‡•–ƒ†‘•‡…—Žƒ”ǡƒ”–‹…—Žƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘Ǥ
†‹•…—”•‘˜‡‹…—Žƒ†‘’‘”“„ƒŽ”‡Œ‡‹–ƒ˜ƒƒ‹†‡‹ƒ†ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ­ ‘‡–”‡‘•†‘À‹‘•ƒ–‡”‹ƒ‹•
e espirituais na articulação de um Estado independente. Para ele, estes domínios não
‡”ƒ†‹•–‹–‘•‘•Ž ǡ—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡ƒƒ–—”‡œƒ†ƒƒ­ ‘ǡ‡•‘•‡…—Žƒ”‡•—ƒƒ–—”‡œƒǡ
±†‡–‡”‹ƒ†ƒ’‡Žƒƒ–‹–—†‡†ƒ‡–‡†‘ƒ‰‡–‡“—‡ƒ’”ƒ–‹…ƒǤ‡Œ‡‹–ƒ†‘‘•‹†‡ƒ‹•’וǦ
iluministas de uma relação de oposição binária entre o mundo material e espiritual como
†—ƒ•”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡•†‹•–‹–ƒ•ǡ’ƒ”ƒ“„ƒŽƒ—‹†ƒ†‡†‘••‡”‡•Š—ƒ‘•…‘‘•Ž ’”‡…‹’‹–ƒ
uma unidade singular. O princípio tauhidǡ“—‡‘Ž†ƒƒ•—„‹•• ‘†‘•—­—Žƒ‘•ƒŽŽƒŠǡ
é regulado por princípios de igualdade, solidariedade e liberdade. A missão de um Estado,
ƒ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ‹•ŽŸ‹…ƒ†‡“„ƒŽǡ‡”ƒƒ†‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ”ƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†‡•–‡•’”‹…À’‹‘•
‹†‡ƒ‹•‡”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡Ǥƒ”ƒ“„ƒŽǡ‘•–ƒ†‘‘•Ž ±—ƒ–‡‘…”ƒ…‹ƒǤ“„ƒŽǡ’‘”±ǡ ‘†‹•…—–‹ƒ
ƒ ‹†‡‹ƒ †‡ — ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ǡ ‡Ž‡ „—•…ƒ˜ƒ ‡‰‘…‹ƒ” …‘‘ ‘• —­—Žƒ‘•
‹†‹ƒ‘•‹”‹ƒ•‘„”‡˜‹‡”ǡ“—ƒ‹•‘•‡…ƒ‹•‘•…‘•–‹–—…‹‘ƒ‹•“—‡•‡”‹ƒ‘’‡”ƒ–‡•ƒ
•‘„”‡˜‹˜²…‹ƒ…—Ž–—”ƒŽ†ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒǤ
Meio a este debate, a demanda inicial da Liga Muçulmana era a de criar um
‡•–ƒ†‘ …‘ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ —­—Žƒƒ †‡–”‘ †ƒ ˆ‡†‡”ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ‡•–ƒ†‘• “—‡ ˜‹”‹ƒ ƒ …‘’‘” ƒ
A†‹ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡Ǥ • ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• …‘ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ —­—Žƒƒ ‡”ƒ Ž‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ• ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘
‘”‘‡•–‡ †ƒ A†‹ƒ „”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ ȋ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• †‘ ƒŽ—…Š‹•– ‘ǡ ‹†Šǡ ‘”–ŠǦ‡•–‡” ”‘–‹‡”ǡ
ƒš‡‹”ƒ ‡ —Œƒ„Ȍ ‡ ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘ ‘”†‡•–‡ ȋ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ †‡ ‡‰ƒŽƒȌǤ  ’”‘’‘•–ƒ †ƒ ‹‰ƒ
‡”ƒ “—‡ ‡•–ƒ• ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• …‘•–‹–—À••‡ †‘‹• „Ž‘…‘• ϐ‹•‹…ƒ‡–‡ •‡’ƒ”ƒ†‘•ǡ ƒ• —‹†‘•
ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜ƒ‡–‡ǡ‡…‘’‘—…‘•ƒŒ—•–‡•Ȃ•‡‡…‡••ž”‹‘Ȃƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•Œž‡š‹•–‡–‡•Ǥ
 ƒ“—‹•– ‘•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒDz–‡””ƒ†‘•’—”‘•dz‡’‡”•ƒǡ‡ˆƒœ—ƒ…”ؐ‹‘…‘ƒ•”‡‰‹Ù‡•†‡
ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒ†‘ȋ’—Œƒ„Ȍǡȋƒ•Š‹”Ȍ‡ȋ•‹†ŠȌǤƒ“—‹•– ‘ˆ‘‹’‡•ƒ†‘’ƒ”ƒ
•‡”—‡•–ƒ†‘…‘ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ’ƒ”ƒˆƒœ‡”—„ƒŽƒ­‘…‘‘‹†—•– ‘†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ
Š‹†—Ǥ†‡ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡƒ˜‹• ‘†ƒ‹‰ƒ—­—Žƒƒ˜‹•ƒ˜ƒ—ƒŽ‹„‡”†ƒ†‡”‡ƒŽ
’ƒ”ƒ ƒ„‘• ‘• —­—Žƒ‘• ‡ Š‹†—•ǡ ‘ ‡ŽŠ‘” ƒ…‘”†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ• ‹‘”‹ƒ• ‡ Œ—•–‹­ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ
–‘†‘•‘•‘’”‹‹†‘•ǤDz‹˜‹†‹”’ƒ”ƒ—‹”dz‡”ƒ‘Ž‡ƒ†ƒ‹‰ƒ—­—ŽƒƒǢ—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡‘•
—­—Žƒ‘•‡•–‹˜‡••‡Ž‹˜”‡•‡•‡‰—”‘•‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘‡‘•Š‹†—•‘‹†—•– ‘ǡ‘•†‘‹•
’‘†‡”‹ƒ•‡—‹”‡—‹–ƒ•ž”‡ƒ•ǡ…‘‘…‘—‹…ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ†‡ˆ‡•ƒǡ”‡Žƒ­Ù‡•‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•ǡ
†‹”‡‹–‘•…‹˜‹•Ǥ’”‘’‘•–ƒ†‡ ‹ƒŠǡŽÀ†‡”†ƒ‹‰ƒǡ‡”ƒƒ†‡•‘„‡”ƒ‹ƒ…‘’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒǡ’‘”
meio de uma federação.
O plano inicial de divisão das províncias buscava uma alteração mínima na distribuição
†‡‘‰”žϐ‹…ƒ†‘•—­—Žƒ‘•‡Š‹†—•ǡ‡ƒ˜‹†ƒ†ƒ•…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•‡‘•ƒ””ƒŒ‘••‘…‹ƒ‹•ǡ
Ž‘…ƒ‹•‡‡…‘Ø‹…‘•Ž‘…ƒ‹•Ǥƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡ…‘‘’”‡˜‹•–‘’‘” ‹ƒŠ ‘˜‹•ƒ˜ƒ“—ƒŽ“—‡”ˆ‘”ƒ
†‡†‡•‡”ƒ‹œƒ‡–‘†‡ƒ••‘…‹ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ“—ƒŽ“—‡”“—‡ˆ‘••‡ǡ‡Žƒ­‘•‡š‹•–‡–‡•Šž—‹–ƒ•
‰‡”ƒ­Ù‡•‡–”‡ƒ•’‘’—Žƒ­Ù‡•†ƒ•’”‘˜À…‹ƒ•†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒŠ‹†—…‘ƒ•’”‘˜À…‹ƒ•†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ
—­—ŽƒƒǤ•–‡‡”ƒ‘’Žƒ‘‡ƒ‹†‡‹ƒ’”‡•‡–‡‘ƒ‘†‡ͳͻͶʹǤ

40 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

 ‹ƒŠ ‡ ƒ ‹‰ƒ ‡”ƒ ƒ ˆƒ˜‘” †ƒ ‹–‡‰”‹†ƒ†‡ǡ ‡  ‘ †ƒ †‹˜‹• ‘ǡ †ƒ• ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• †‘
—Œƒ„‡†‡‡‰ƒŽƒƒ‘‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ȋƒ‹†ƒ…‘‘’ƒ”–‡†ƒˆ‡†‡”ƒ­ ‘‹†‹ƒƒȌǤ
ƒ™ƒŠƒ”ŽƒŽ‡Š”—ǡ‡– ‘ŽÀ†‡”†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘ǡƒ‘˜‹•‹–ƒ”‘—Œƒ„‡ƒ”­‘†‡
ͳͻͶͷƒϐ‹”‘—“—‡ˆ‡†‡”ƒ­Ù‡•• ‘‡ŽŠ‘”‡•†‘“—‡’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ•Ǥˆ‘”ƒ…‘˜‘…ƒ†ƒ•‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•
para decidir o destino das províncias.
 ‘ ²• †‡ ƒ‹‘ †‡ ͳͻͶ͸ǡ — ƒ…‘”†‘ ˆ‘‹ ƒ••‹ƒ†‘ ‡–”‡ ‘ ’ƒ”–‹†‘ †‘ ‘‰”‡••‘
e a Liga no Cabinet Mission Plan ’ƒ”ƒ ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‡” —ƒ ˆ‡†‡”ƒ­ ‘ ˆ”‘—šƒ ƒ A†‹ƒǡ …‘
as províncias de maioria muçulmana no Noroeste e no Nordeste agrupadas em duas
—‹†ƒ†‡• ˆ‡†‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒ•ǡ ‡ ‘ ”‡•–‘ †ƒ A†‹ƒ ƒ‰”—’ƒ†ƒ ‡ —ƒ –‡”…‡‹”ƒ —‹†ƒ†‡Ǣ ‡ —ƒ
’”‘˜‹• ‘ …‘•–‹–—…‹‘ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ ”‡˜‡” ‡•–‡ ƒ…‘”†‘ ‡ — ’‡”À‘†‘ †‡ †‡œ ƒ‘•Ǥ  Cabinet
Missionˆ‘‹—ƒ–‡–ƒ–‹˜ƒ„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ†‡‘”“—‡•–”ƒ”—ƒ…‘”†‘‡–”‡‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘
‡ƒ‹‰ƒ—­—ŽƒƒǤ‘–”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡ͳ͸†‡ƒ‹‘†‡ͳͻͶ͸ǡ‘ƒ…‘”†‘‰‹”ƒ˜ƒ‡–‘”‘†‡—ƒ
confederação com os estados de maioria muçulmana e o restante de maioria hindu.
 ƒ• ‘• ‰”—’‘•  ‘ ˆ‘”ƒ …ƒ’ƒœ‡• †‡ …Š‡‰ƒ” ƒ — ƒ…‘”†‘ †‡ …‘‘ •‡ †ƒ”‹ƒ ‘
balanço de poderes entre os dois blocos da federação. O colapso do acordo, porém, se deu
†‡˜‹†‘ƒ•—•’‡‹–ƒ•‡”‡•‡”˜ƒ•…‘–À—ƒ•’‘”‡‹‘†‡ŽÀ†‡”‡•–ƒ–‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘…‘‘†ƒ
‹‰ƒǤ•ŽÀ†‡”‡•†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‡–‡ƒϐ‹‰—”ƒ†‡ƒŽŽƒ„Š„Šƒ‹ƒ–‡Žǡ
receavam o possível agrupamento de províncias e estados em unidades regionais, com
‘•—­—Žƒ‘•’‘••—‹†‘ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ‡†—ƒ•”‡‰‹Ù‡•Ǥ‘…‘Žƒ’•‘†‡•–‡ƒ…‘”†‘ǡƒ’”‘’‘•–ƒ
da Partilha em dois Estados soberanos foi proposta como única alternativa possível,
†ƒ†ƒƒ•…‹”…—•–ƒ…‹ƒ•Ǥ‘‹••‘ǡ‡ͳ͸†‡Œ—Š‘†‡ͳͻͶ͸ǡ‘’Žƒ‘†‡†‹˜‹†‹”ƒA†‹ƒ‡
‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘‡†‘‹••–ƒ†‘•‹†‡’‡†‡–‡•±‘ϐ‹…‹ƒŽ‡–‡‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‹†‘ǡ‡…‘Ž‘…ƒ†‘‡
˜‘–ƒ­ ‘‡‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•”‡‰‹‘ƒ‹•…‘˜‘…ƒ†ƒ•’‡Ž‘•†‘‹•’ƒ”–‹†‘•Ǥ‘’Žƒ‘†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡƒ•
’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• †‘ —Œƒ„ ‡ †‡ ‡‰ƒŽƒ •‡”‹ƒ †‹˜‹†‹†ƒ• ƒ‘ ‡‹‘ǡ ’‘” •‡”‡ ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ• †‡
ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ…‘‰”ƒ†‡’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘Š‹†—‡•‹ŠǤ
  ͳ͸ †‡ ƒ‰‘•–‘ †‡ ͳͻͶ͸ǡ ‹ƒŠ Žƒ­‘—ǡ ‡ ƒŽ…—–žǡ —ƒ …ƒ’ƒŠƒ †‡ ƒ­ ‘
†‹”‡–ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘ †‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ —­—Žƒ‘• †‡ ƒŽ…—–ž ’ƒ”ƒ”ƒ •—ƒ• ƒ–‹˜‹†ƒ†‡•
e saíram em protestos pelas ruas centrais da cidade. Grupos de muçulmanos forçaram
‘•…‘‡”…‹ƒ–‡•Š‹†—•ƒˆ‡…Šƒ”‡•‡—•‡‰×…‹‘•Ǣ‡‘•Š‹†—•”‡•’‘†‡”ƒ„Ž‘“—‡ƒ†‘
‘ ƒ˜ƒ­‘ †‘ ’”‘–‡•–‘ “—‡ …ƒ‹Šƒ˜ƒ ‡ †‹”‡­ ‘ ƒ‘ …‡–”‘ †ƒ …‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ ‡•–‡ …‘ˆ”‘–‘ǡ
–——Ž–‘••‡…–ž”‹‘•˜‹‘Ž‡–‘•‘…‘””‡”ƒǡ…‘–ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ†‘ƒ‹•†‡ͷ‹Ž‘”–‡•‡“—ƒ–”‘
†‹ƒ•†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒȋƒ•‡ʹͲͲʹȌǢͳͲ‹Ž‘”–‡•†‡ƒ…‘”†‘…‘—ƒ•‡‰—†ƒˆ‘–‡ȋ‡‰—’–ƒ
2005). Este evento, conhecido por The Great Calcutta Killings†‡ƒ‰‘•–‘†‡ͳͻͶ͸ˆ‘‹—ƒ
…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ †‹”‡–ƒ †ƒ …Šƒƒ†ƒ †‡ ‹ƒŠ ’‡Ž‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ  ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ †‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒ
contra hindus ocorreu dentro de um governo liderado pela Liga Muçulmana na província
†‡‡‰ƒŽƒȋŠ‘•ŽƒͳͻͺͻȏͳͻͶͻȐȌǤ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ†‡ƒŽ…—–žˆ‘‹”‡’Ž‹…ƒ†ƒ‡‘—–”ƒ•’ƒ”–‡•
†‘’ƒÀ•–‘”ƒ†‘Ǧ•‡—†‘•’”‹…‹’ƒ‹•ˆƒ–‘”‡•“—‡…‘–”‹„—À”ƒ’ƒ”ƒ“—‡‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘
‘‰”‡••‘‡‘•”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•ƒ…‡‹–ƒ••‡ƒ’”‘’‘•–ƒ†‡—•–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒ
ȋ”ƒ••ʹͲͲ͵ǣ͹͵ȌǤ
  ’ƒ’‡Ž †ƒ ‹‰ƒ —­—Žƒƒ ‡ ‘”“—‡•–”ƒ” ‡••‡• –——Ž–‘• •‡…–ž”‹‘• ˆ‘‹ …”—…‹ƒŽ
na intenção de armar e transportar os grupos protestantes. Este foi um tumulto sectário

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 41

 artigo

ƒ”…ƒ–‡ǡ’‘‹•†‡•‡…ƒ†‡‘—ƒ•’”‹‡‹”ƒ•‘†ƒ•†‡‡‹‰”ƒ­ ‘†‡‹šƒ†‘ƒŽ…—–ž”—‘ƒ
Šƒƒǡ“—‡˜‹”‹ƒƒ•‡”ƒ…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘”‹‡–ƒŽǤ
 ’”‘’‘•–ƒ†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ‡†‘‹••–ƒ†‘•‹†‡’‡†‡–‡•
’ƒ”ƒ”‡•’‘†‡”ƒ•†‡ƒ†ƒ•†‡…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…ƒ•”‡ˆ‘”­‘—ƒ‹†‡‹ƒ†‡
“—‡ƒ•‹‘”‹ƒ•QmRPDLVSHUWHQFLDPQDVWHUUDVRUDGHVLJQDGDVDRVPXoXOPDQRVRXDRVKLQGXV
7DODWLWXGHLUiOHYDUQRVPHVHVTXHVHJXLUDPRHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGDËQGLDHGR3DTXLVWmRao
†‡•Ž‘…ƒ‡–‘†‡’”ƒ–‹…ƒ‡–‡–‘†‘•‘•Š‹†—•‡•‹Š•†‘—Œƒ„‘…‹†‡–ƒŽǡƒ••‹…‘‘
†‘•—­—Žƒ‘•†‘—Œƒ„‘”‹‡–ƒŽǡ‡‘‡•‘ƒ’”‘˜À…‹ƒ†‡‡‰ƒŽƒǤ
 ‡–‡ƒ•†‡‹ŽŠƒ”‡•†‡’‡••‘ƒ•‡•–ƒ˜ƒƒ•”—ƒ•†‘—Œƒ„‘•†‹ƒ•†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ
‘ϐ‹…‹ƒŽǢƒ••ƒ…”‡•‡–ƒ–ƒ•‘—–”ƒ•’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ•ƒ•“—ƒ‹•ƒ•’‡••‘ƒ•–‡”‹ƒ“—‡Ž‹†ƒ”’‘”—‹–‘
–‡’‘ǡ…‘‘ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ­ ‘†‡ˆƒÀŽ‹ƒ•ǡ†‡•Ž‘…ƒ­Ù‡•†‡•‡—•Ž—‰ƒ”‡•†‡‘”‹‰‡ǡ‹‹‰”ƒ­ ‘
‡ƒ••ƒ‡ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘ǡƒŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ­ ‘†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ’‡Žƒ…‘•–”—­ ‘†‡—•–ƒ†‘
“—‡†‡˜‡”‹ƒ’”‘˜‡”ƒ–‘†‘•‘•—­—Žƒ‘•…—Œƒ•…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ•• ‘•‡–‹†ƒ•ƒ–±Š‘Œ‡Ǥ
ƒ‰‘•–‘†‡ͳͻͶ͹ǡƒ‹•†‡͸ͲͲ‹Ž—­—Žƒ‘•”‡ˆ—‰‹ƒ†‘•†ƒA†‹ƒ…”—œƒ”ƒƒˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ
…‘‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘•‘‡–‡’‡Žƒ…‹†ƒ†‡†‡”‹–•ƒ”ǡ‘—Œƒ„ǡƒ‘’ƒ••‘“—‡ƒ‹•†‡ͷͲͲ
‹ŽŠ‹†—•…”—œƒ”ƒ†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘’ƒ”ƒƒA†‹ƒ•‘‡–‡ƒ‡•ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡͵.
  ƒ‹‘” …‘–”ƒ†‹­ ‘ †ƒ …”‹ƒ­ ‘ †‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ± “—‡ ‡••ƒ †‹˜‹• ‘  ‘ •ƒ–‹•ˆ‡œ ‘•
‹–‡”‡••‡•†‘•’”×’”‹‘•—­—Žƒ‘•“—‡Ž—–ƒ”ƒ’ƒ”ƒ•—ƒ…”‹ƒ­ ‘Ǥ…‘–”ƒ†‹­ ‘•‡†ž‘
…‘ϐŽ‹–‘†‡‘­Ù‡•†‹ˆ‡”‡–‡•†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ȃ—•–ƒ†‘’ƒ”ƒƒ…‘ŽŠ‡”–‘†‘•‘•—­—Žƒ‘•
†ƒA†‹ƒǡ˜‡”•—•ƒ‹†‡‹ƒ†‡—‡•–ƒ†‘ˆ‡†‡”ƒ–‹˜‘“—‡‹”‹ƒ’”‘–‡‰‡”–‘†‘•‘•—­—Žƒ‘•
‹†‹ƒ‘•ǡ “—‡ ’‘†‡”‹ƒ ϐ‹…ƒ” ‘†‡ “—‡” “—‡ ‡•–‹˜‡••‡ ‘ •—„…‘–‹‡–‡Ǥ  ‘ Šƒ˜‹ƒ
evidencias claras de como os muçulmanos espalhados por todo o subcontinente, divididos
’‘”…Žƒ••‡ǡ•‡‹–ƒ•ǡ‹–‡”‡••‡•”‡‰‹‘ƒ‹•‡ŽÀ‰—ƒ•ǡ•‡–‘”ƒ”‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡†‡—’ƒÀ••‡’ƒ”ƒ†‘Ǣ
–ƒ’‘—…‘‡”ƒ…Žƒ”‘‡šƒ–ƒ‡–‡‘†‡‡••‡‘˜‘•–ƒ†‘†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘‡ˆ‡–‹˜ƒ‡–‡•‡”‹ƒǤ
 ‘ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘—­—ŽƒƒƒA†‹ƒ…ƒ‹—†‡͵Ͳ’‘”…‡–‘’ƒ”ƒͳʹǤ
‡•ƒ‰ƒ†‘”ƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†ƒ‡Ž‹–‡—­—Žƒƒ‹‰”‘—’ƒ”ƒ‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥ•–‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ•ƒ’‘–ƒ
“—‡‡ͳͻͶ͹—ƒ±†‹ƒ†‡ͳͲƒͳʹ‹ŽŠÙ‡•†‡’‡••‘ƒ•…”—œƒ”ƒƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•†ƒA†‹ƒ
‡†‘ƒ“—‹•– ‘ȋ‘…‹†‡–ƒŽ‡‘”‹‡–ƒŽȌǡ‘“—‡Ž‡˜‘—…‘‡–ƒ†‘”‡•ƒ†‡•…”‡˜‡”‡•–‡‡˜‡–‘
…‘‘ƒƒ‹‘”‹‰”ƒ­ ‘†ƒ‹•–×”‹ƒƒ–±‡– ‘ȋ”ƒ••ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ‹†ƒ±‡š–”‡ƒ‡–‡†‹ϐÀ…‹Ž
…Š‡‰ƒ” ƒ — …‘•‡•‘ •‘„”‡ ‘ ï‡”‘ †‡ ’‡••‘ƒ• “—‡ ‘””‡”ƒ …‘‘ …‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ
†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‘•’”‘…‡••‘•“—‡†‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ”ƒƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡ•‡Œƒ‘‡˜‡–‘‡•‹ǡ…‘‘
nos campos de deslocados internos e refugiados em funcionamento anos após o evento.
Estimativas giram em torno de 200 mil por um lado, a 1,5 milhão de vítimas fatais. O
…‘•‡•‘±–”ƒ„ƒŽŠƒ”…‘ͷͲͲ‹ŽǤ‡•–‹ƒ–‹˜ƒƒ‹•„ƒ‹šƒ±…‡”–ƒ‡–‡ƒŽ–ƒ‘•—ϐ‹…‹‡–‡
’ƒ”ƒ•—‰‡”‹”ƒƒ‰‹–—†‡†‘†‡•ƒ•–”‡ǡ–‡†‘‡˜‹•–ƒ“—‡‘’‡”À‘†‘‡“—‡•– ‘‡”ƒ—
’‡”À‘†‘ †‡ Dz’ƒœdzǣ  ‘ Šƒ˜‹ƒ ‰—‡””ƒ †‡…Žƒ”ƒ†ƒ ‡–”‡ ‘ •–ƒ†‘ †ƒ A†‹ƒ ‡ †‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡ
ou entre ambos e o Reino Unido. A formação da Índia, com Nehru no posto de Primeiro
‹‹•–”‘ǡ ‡ †‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡ …‘ ‹ƒŠ …‘‘ ”‹‡‹”‘ ‹‹•–”‘ǡ ˆ‘‹ ‡‰‘…‹ƒ†ƒ …‘ ‘•
„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•ǡƒ’ו‡„ƒ–‡•‡Ž—–ƒ•Ǣ ‘Š‘—˜‡—ƒ‰—‡””ƒ†‡‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒǡ…‘‘‘…‘””‡—
͵
‡ƒ…‘”†‘…‘‘ ‘”ƒŽ‘†‘‹‡•†‡͵Ͳ†‡ƒ‰‘•–‘†‡ͳͻͶ͹Ǥ–—ƒŽ‡–‡‘Œ‘”ƒŽ•‡…ŠƒƒŠ‡‹‡•ǣ
–Š‡–‹‡•Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ȁƒ”…Š‹˜‡•

42 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

‡‘—–”ƒ•…‘ŽØ‹ƒ•„”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒ•Ǥ‘•‹‘•†‹ƒ•†‘ƒŒǡƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ‘ˆ‘”ƒ†‹••‡‹ƒ†ƒ
•‘‡–‡…‘‘…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǡƒ•ƒ‘…‘–”ž”‹‘ǡƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒˆ‘‹—†‘•’”‹…‹’ƒ‹•
‡…ƒ‹•‘•ƒ…”‹ƒ”ƒ•…‘†‹­Ù‡•’ƒ”ƒƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒȋƒ‹ͳͻ͸ͷǢ”ƒ••ʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ’‘‹•ƒ’‘–ƒ˜ƒǡ‡
ƒϐ‹”ƒ˜ƒǡƒ‹’‘••‹„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡†‡…‘˜‹˜²…‹ƒ‡–”‡ƒ•…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•Š‹†—•‡—­—Žƒƒ•Ǥ
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‹•–‹‰ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘•ŽÀ†‡”‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘•‡”ƒ’ƒ”–‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‘•’”‘…‡••‘•’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘•ǡ
…‘’‘–‡…‹ƒŽ†‡•‡”—–‹Ž‹œƒ†ƒ‘˜ƒ‡–‡‘ˆ—–—”‘“—ƒ†‘‘—–”‘•‡…ƒ‹•‘•’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘•
ˆƒŽŠƒ”‡Ǥ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ’ƒ••‘—ƒ•‡”—ƒ’‡­ƒˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽƒ…‘•–”—­ ‘†ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡
‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡ƒA†‹ƒ’וǦ…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽǤ

II Babri Masjid versus Templo de Rama

  ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘‘‡…ƒ‹•‘‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡ˆ‘‹‘„‹Ž‹œƒ†ƒ
‘…ƒ•‘‡„Ž‡ž–‹…‘†ƒ†‹•’—–ƒ†‡›‘†Š›ƒǤ
Ramayanaǡ ’‘‡ƒ ±’‹…‘ ‡š–”‡ƒ‡–‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡ ƒ• ’”ž–‹…ƒ• †‘ Š‹†—À•‘
…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘ǡƒ””ƒƒŠ‹•–×”‹ƒ†‘‘”†‡ƒƒǡ”‡‹†‡›‘†Š›ƒǤ‡‰—†‘ƒ•ƒ””ƒ–‹˜ƒ•†‘
±’‹…‘ǡƒ‡•’‘•ƒ†‡ƒƒǡ‹–ƒǡˆ‘”ƒƒ„†—œ‹†ƒ’‘”ƒ˜ƒƒǡ”‡‹†‡‘Àƒ…‘†ƒ‹ŽŠƒ†‡ƒƒǤ
ƒƒǡ…‘ƒ—šÀŽ‹‘†‘†‡—•Ǧƒ…ƒ…‘ƒ—ƒǡ…‘•–”—‹——ƒ’‘–‡“—‡Ž‹‰ƒ˜ƒ‘•—Ž†ƒ
A†‹ƒ‹ŽŠƒ†‡ƒƒǡ†‡•–”—‹—ƒ˜ƒƒǡ‡”‡…—’‡”‘—•—ƒ‡•’‘•ƒǤ
‡‹˜‹†‹…ƒ”—ƒ‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡—‹…ƒ‡–‡Š‹†—›‘†Š›ƒˆ‡œ…‘“—‡ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡•‡
tornasse um local de disputas. Além de ser berço de nascimento de Rama, a cidade também
±—‹’‘”–ƒ–‡…‡–”‘†‡’‡”‡‰”‹ƒ­ ‘—­—ŽƒƒǤ ‘‹‡šƒ–ƒ‡–‡‡›‘†Š›ƒ“—‡‘
’”‹‡‹”‘Ž‹†‡”—‰ŠƒŽǡ‘‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ„—”ǡ…‘•–”—‹——ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒǦBabri masjidǦ‘…‡–”‘
†ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ‡•“—‹–ƒˆ‘‹…‘•–”—À†ƒ’‘”˜‘Ž–ƒ†‘ƒ‘†‡ͳͷʹͺǡ‡ˆ‘‹—†‘•’”‹‡‹”‘•
monumentos construídos pela dinastia Mughal.
 ”‡‹˜‹†‹…ƒ­ ‘†‡›‘†Š›ƒ…‘‘…‡–”‘Š‹†—±ˆ”—–‘†‡—ƒ…”‡•…‡–‡’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ
ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒǤˆ”ƒ“—‡…‹†‘’‘”ƒ‹•†‡—•±…—Ž‘ǡ‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘Š‹†—ƒ†“—‹”‹—ˆ‘”­ƒ
’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡•†‡ƒ‡–ƒ†‡†ƒ†±…ƒ†ƒ†‡ͳͻͺͲǡ’‘”‡‹‘†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘Šƒ”ƒ–‹›ƒ ƒƒ–ƒȋ ȌǤ
•—…‡••‘’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘†‘ †‡’‡†‡†‡•—ƒ•ƒŽ‹ƒ­ƒ•…‘†‘‹•‘˜‹‡–‘•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•
Š‹†—•ǡ ‘ ‹•Š˜ƒ ‹†— ƒ”‹•Šƒ† ȋȌǡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘ †‡ ŽÀ†‡”‡• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘• Š‹†—•ǡ ‡ ƒ
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘ ‘Ǧ‰‘˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽƒ•Š–”‹›ƒ™ƒ›ƒ•‡˜ƒƒ‰ŠȋȌǡˆ—†ƒ†ƒ‡ͳͻʹͷ
ȋ‡‡”ͳͻͻͶǣͲͳȌǤ••ƒ•ƒŽ‹ƒ­ƒ•’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ‘—•‘†‘†‹•…—”•‘”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘‡‘—•‘†‡”‹–—ƒ‹•
”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘•ƒƒ”‡ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǤƒ‰‡†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‘  ‘’‘†‡•‡”•‡’ƒ”ƒ†ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡†ƒ
†‘‡†ƒǤž—ƒ…‘‘”†‡ƒ­ ‘†‡”‹–—ƒ‹•ǡƒ‰‹–ƒ­Ù‡•‡ƒ‘„”ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‘ƒŽ–‘
…‘ƒ†‘†‘ ǡ†‘‡†‘ǡ“—‡•‡‹•–—”ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹˜ƒ‡–‡ǤVHP, a RSS e ‘ 
 ‘• ‘‡”ƒ•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•Š‹†—•ǡ†‡•…‘‡…–ƒ†ƒ•†ƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡Ǥ
‡‘‡•– ‘’”‡•‡–‡•‡–‘†‘•‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•†ƒA†‹ƒǡ‡‘ ƒ–—ƒŽ‡–‡‡•–žƒ
Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ†‘‰‘˜‡”‘‹†‹ƒ‘ǣƒ”‡†”ƒ‘†‹ǡƒ–—ƒŽ’”‹‡‹”‘‹‹•–”‘†ƒA†‹ƒǡ’ƒ••‘—ƒ
‹ˆŸ…‹ƒ‡ƒ†‘Ž‡•…²…‹ƒƒ•‡†‡†‘‡—„ƒ‹Ǥ
 •—ƒ…‘…‡’­ ‘†‡Š‹†—À•‘ǡ‘•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•Š‹†—•—–‹Ž‹œƒ†‘‹••‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘•
’ƒ”ƒŠ‹†—À•‘ǣ…‘‘…—Ž–—”ƒ‡…‘‘”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘Ǥ‹†— ‘±‘‘‡†‡—ƒˆ±”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒǡ

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 43

 artigo

…‘‘—­—Žƒ‘‡…”‹•– ‘ǢŠ‹†—†‡‘–ƒ…—Ž–—”ƒ‡˜‹†ƒƒ…‹‘ƒŽƒA†‹ƒǡ†‹œŠ‡•Šƒ†”‹
ȋƒ’—† ƒ”•Š‡› ʹͲͲʹǣ ͸ͷȌǡ — †‘• ’”‹…‹’ƒ‹• ŽÀ†‡”‡• ƒ–—ƒ‹• †‘ Ǥ ‡•–ƒ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒǡ
‘•ŽÀ†‡”‡•†‘  ‘•‡’ƒ”ƒƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǢƒ‘…‘–”ž”‹‘ǡƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹ ‘±‘„‹Ž‹œƒ†ƒ
constantemente e em diversas formas, como fundamentação e como veículo principal da
divulgação de suas propostas políticas.
 ƒ˜ƒƒ”ˆ‘‹‘ˆ—†ƒ†‘”‹†‡‘Ž×‰‹…‘†‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘Š‹†—‘“—‡‡Ž‡…Šƒ‘—†‡
ϐ‹Ž‘•‘ϐ‹ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒHindutvaǡ“—‡˜‡‹…—Žƒƒ…”‡­ƒ†‡“—‡ƒ‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡Š‹†—±‹•‡’ƒ”ž˜‡Ž†ƒ
identidade indiana. Os teóricos do movimento se apoiam em fatos culturais e históricos da
–”ƒ†‹­ ‘Š‹†—ǡ…—Œƒ‘”‹‰‡”‡‡–‡ƒ’”ƒ–‹…ƒ‡–‡–”²•‹Ž²‹‘•ȋƒ‘‡‘•ƒ–±‘•‡†ƒȌǡ‡
„—•…ƒǡ…‘‹••‘ǡƒϐ‹”ƒ”“—‡’”ƒ–‹…ƒ‡–‡–‘†ƒƒ…—Ž–—”ƒ‹†‹ƒƒ–‡‘”‹‰‡ƒƒ”…ƒ
Š‹•–×”‹…ƒ†ƒ•’”ž–‹…ƒ•‡’‡•ƒ‡–‘•Š‹†—•ȋ‡ǡʹͲͲͷǣͷ͵ȌǤŠ‹†—À•‘ǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ•‡”‹ƒ
ƒˆ‘–‡†ƒ‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡‹†‹ƒƒȂ‡•‘œ‹Š‘±…ƒ’ƒœ†‡’”‘˜‡”…‘‡• ‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽǤƒ”ƒƒ˜ƒ”ƒ”ǡ
— Š‹†— •‡ †‡ϐ‹‡ ’‘” …‘•‹†‡”ƒ” ƒ –‡””ƒ “—‡ ˜ƒ‹ †‘ ”‹‘ †—• ƒ‘• ƒ”‡• …‘‘ –‡””ƒ
’ž–”‹ƒǡƒ••‹…‘‘–‡””ƒ•ƒ‰”ƒ†ƒȋƒ’—† ‘Š•‘Ƭ ‘Š•‘ʹͲͲͺǣʹͷ͸4). Nesta perspectiva
ƒ†‡ϐ‹‹­ ‘†‡“—‡±Š‹†—±–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽȋ”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ•‡ƒ–‡””ƒ•†‘”‹‘†—•…Š‡‰ƒ†‘ƒ‘•
†‘‹•ƒ”‡•Ȍǡ±‰‡‡ƒŽ×‰‹…ƒȋ”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ•‡ƒ—ƒ’ž–”‹ƒȌǡƒ••‹…‘‘”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒȋ”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ•‡ƒ—ƒ
–‡””ƒ•ƒ–ƒȌǤ‡•–‡•…”‹–±”‹‘•ǡ–‘†ƒ•ƒ•”‡Ž‹‰‹Ù‡•‹†‹ƒƒ•‘—–”ƒ•“—‡‘Š‹†—À•‘ǡ•‡Œƒ‘
•‹“—‹•‘ǡ Œƒ‹‹•‘ ‡ ‘ „—†‹•‘ǡ ’”‡‡…Š‡ ‘• ”‡“—‹•‹–‘• ‹†‡–‹–ž”‹‘• Š‹†—•Ǥ ”‹•– ‘•ǡ
Œ—†‡—•ǡ’ƒ”•‹•‡—­—Žƒ‘•’‘†‡’”‡‡…Š‡”•‘‡–‡—‘—†‘‹•†‡•–‡•…”‹–±”‹‘•ǡ’‘‹•
ƒA†‹ƒ ‘±ƒ–‡””ƒ•ƒ‰”ƒ†ƒ†‡•—ƒ•”‡Ž‹‰‹Ù‡•Ǥ
†‹•…—”•‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒŠ‹†—˜‡‹…—Žƒƒ‹†‡‹ƒ†‡“—‡‘‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ„—”ǡ‡‡ƒ†‘•
†‘ •±…—Ž‘ ǡ †‡•–”—‹— ‘ –‡’Ž‘ ‡ –”‹„—–‘ ƒ‘ ‘”†‡ ƒƒ “—‡ Šƒ˜‹ƒ ‡ ›‘†Š›ƒǤ
‡‰—†‘ ‡•–‡• ‰”—’‘•ǡ ‘ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ƒ„—” …‘•–”—‹— ƒ ‡•“—‹–ƒ ‘• ’‹Žƒ”‡• †‘ ƒ–‹‰‘
–‡’Ž‘ǡ‡šƒ–ƒ‡–‡‘Ž‘…ƒŽ‘†‡ƒƒƒ•…‡—Ǥ‘‹••‘ǡƒ…‹†ƒ†‡†‡›‘†Š›ƒƒ…ƒ„‘—•‡
tornando um local de disputas acirradas entre as duas maiores comunidades religiosas
da Índia, ambas disputando o mesmo espaço como sendo representante legítimo de
suas crenças.
’וƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ‡ƒ“—‹•– ‘ǡ‘‰‘˜‡”‘‹†‹ƒ‘‹•–‹–—‹—ƒ‘„”‹‰ƒ­ ‘†ƒ
’”‡•‡­ƒ†‡—‰—ƒ”†ƒ†‡–”‘†ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒǡ…‘‘‹–—‹–‘†‡•ƒŽ˜ƒ‰—ƒ”†ƒ”ƒ‹–‡‰”‹†ƒ†‡
†‘ Ž‘…ƒŽ †ƒ†ƒ ƒ –‡• ‘ “—‡ •‡ ˆ‘”ƒ˜ƒ ‡–”‡ ƒ• †—ƒ• …‘—‹†ƒ†‡• ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ ƒ ‘‹–‡
†‘ †‹ƒ ʹʹ ’ƒ”ƒ ʹ͵ †‡ †‡œ‡„”‘ †‡ ͳͻͶͻǡ —ƒ ‹ƒ‰‡ †‘ ‘”†‡ ƒƒ ˆ‘‹ ‹•‡”‹†ƒ ƒ
‡•“—‹–ƒ’‘”—‰”—’‘Š‹†—Ǥ‘†‹ƒ•‡‰—‹–‡ǡ—”—‘”•‡‡•’ƒŽŠ‘—†‡“—‡‘”†‡ƒƒ
ƒ’ƒ”‡…‡”ƒ ‡ ˆ‘”ƒ †‡ ‹ƒ‰‡ †‡–”‘ †ƒ ‡•“—‹–ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ ”‡‹˜‹†‹…ƒ” ƒ ‡•“—‹–ƒ …‘‘
•‡—–‡’Ž‘Ǥ
”—’‘•—­—Žƒ‘•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”ƒ†‹˜‡”•‘•’”‘–‡•–‘•…‘–”ƒ‰”—’‘•Š‹†—•ǡ
ƒ…—•ƒ†‘Ǧ‘• †‡ –‡” ‹•‡”‹†‘ —ƒ ‹ƒ‰‡ Š‹†— †‡–”‘ †ƒ ‡•“—‹–ƒǡ ˆƒ–‘ “—‡ ˆ‡”‡ ‘•
—­—Žƒ‘• ‘’‘”•‡”—ƒ‹ƒ‰‡Š‹†—ǡƒ•’‘”•‡”—ƒ‹ƒ‰‡‡•‹ǡƒϐ‹ƒŽǡ‘•Ž 
’”‘À„‡“—ƒŽ“—‡”…—Ž–‘ƒ‹ƒ‰‡•†‡’‡••‘ƒ•ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡–‡‘‹–‡”‹‘”†‘•‘Ž‘•ƒ‰”ƒ†‘
†‡—ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒǤ‰”—’‘•Š‹†—•ƒ‰‹”ƒ‡…‘–”ƒ’ƒ”–‹†ƒǡƒŽ‡‰ƒ†‘‘…ƒ”ž–‡”‹Ž‡‰À–‹‘
†ƒ…‘•–”—­ ‘†ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒǤ•–‡•’”‘–‡•–‘•ƒ••—‹”ƒ—…ƒ”ž–‡”†‡–——Ž–‘•‡…–ž”‹‘ǡ
4
”‹‰‹ƒŽǣDza Hindu means a person who regards this land from the Indus to the Seas as his fatherland as well
as his Holyland” tradução da autora.

44 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

conhecido na literatura indiana como “communal riotsdzǤ‡’‹•×†‹‘†‡ͳͻͶͻˆ‘‹‘’”‹‡‹”‘

“—‡•‡–‡”‡‰‹•–”‘†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ•‡…–ž”‹ƒ‡–‘”‘†ƒ†‹•’—–ƒ‡›‘†Š›ƒǤ
ƒ‘†‡ͳͻͺͶ±‡„Ž‡ž–‹…‘‡•–ƒ†‹•’—–ƒǡ’‘‹•ƒ”…ƒ‘‹À…‹‘†‡—ƒ…ƒ’ƒŠƒ
nacional para libertar o local de nascimento de Rama. Esta campanha é muito distinta
†‘ ‡’‹•×†‹‘ ‘…‘””‹†‘ ‡ ͳͻͶͻǡ “—‡ ‡˜‘Ž˜‡— …‘ϐŽ‹–‘• ‡ ‡’‹•×†‹‘• †‡ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ‡–”‡
‰”—’‘• Ž‘…ƒ‹• ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘ †ƒ …‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ  ͳͻͺͶǡ ‘  ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‘— —ƒ ’”‘…‹•• ‘ǡ ‹‹…‹ƒ†ƒ
‡ ‹–ƒƒ”–Š‹ǡ Ž‘…ƒŽ †‡ ƒ•…‹‡–‘ †‡ ‹–ƒǡ †‡ƒ†ƒ†‘ “—‡ ƒ ‡•“—‹–ƒ †‡‹šƒ••‡ †‡
ϐ‹…ƒ” –”ƒ…ƒ†ƒǡ …‘ ƒ…‡••‘ Ž‹„‡”ƒ†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ …—Ž–‘• Š‹†—À•–ƒ•Ǥ  ’”ž–‹…ƒǡ ‡••ƒ ƒ„‡”–—”ƒ
•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ”‹ƒ“—‡“—ƒŽ“—‡”’‡••‘ƒ“—‡ ‘ˆ‘••‡—­—Žƒƒ’‘†‡”‹ƒ‡–”ƒ”ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒ
para cultuar o lorde Rama. Este evento, porém, foi ofuscado, perdeu o impacto nacional
†‡˜‹†‘ƒ‘ƒ••ƒ••‹ƒ–‘†‡†‹”ƒ
ƒ†Š‹’‘”—†‡•‡—•‰—ƒ”†ƒǦ…‘•–ƒ•Ǥ
•Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ•—­—Žƒƒ•‡•–ƒ˜ƒƒŽ‡”–ƒ•ƒ‘ˆƒ–‘†‡“—‡–‡–ƒ–‹˜ƒ•†‡…‘˜‡”–‡”
‡•“—‹–ƒ• Š‹•–×”‹…ƒ•ǡ •À„‘Ž‘• †ƒ ‹†‡–‹†ƒ†‡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ —­—Žƒƒǡ ‡ –‡’Ž‘•ǡ ‡”ƒ
–‘Ž‡”ƒ†ƒǡ •‡  ‘ ‹…‡–‹˜ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ’‡Ž‘ ‰‘˜‡”‘ …‡–”ƒŽǤ  ’”‹‡‹”‘ ‹‹•–”‘ ƒŒ‹˜
ƒ†Š‹ǡ
‡– ‘ŽÀ†‡”†‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘ǡ•‡…‘’”‘‡–‡—‡˜‘–ƒ”ƒˆƒ˜‘”†ƒ…‘—‹†ƒ†‡
—­—Žƒƒƒ†‹•’—–ƒ†‡›‘†Š›ƒǤ‘”±ǡƒ’‘‹‘—ƒ†‡…‹• ‘Œ—†‹…‹ƒŽ‡ͳͶ†‡ˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘†‡
ͳͻͺ͸ǡ“—‡…‡†‡—•†‡ƒ†ƒ•†‘ǡ†‡–‡”‹ƒ†‘“—‡‘Ž‘…ƒŽ‡†‹•’—–ƒ’‡”ƒ‡…‡••‡
aberto ao público. Esta decisão desencadeou novos tumultos sectários por todo o norte
†‘’ƒÀ•ǡ‡‡͵Ͳ†‡ƒ”­‘†‘ƒ‘•‡‰—‹–‡‘•—­—Žƒ‘•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”ƒǡƒ…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‡Ž‹ǡ‘
ƒ‹‘”’”‘–‡•–‘†‡•†‡ƒ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒȋ‡‡”ͳͻͻͶǣͲ͵ȌǤ
ˆƒ…‡ƒ‡•–ƒ†‹•’—–ƒǡ‡ͳͻͺ͸†‘‹•‰”—’‘••‡ˆ‘”ƒ”ƒǣƒBabri Masjid Movement
Coordination CommiteeȋȌǡ•‘„Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ†‡ƒ››‹†ŠƒŠƒ„ƒ†ƒŽǦ‹ǡ‡„”‘†‘
’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘‹†‹ƒ‘‘ƒ„Šƒǡ‡ƒBabri Masjid Action CommiteeȋȌŽ‹†‡”ƒ†ƒ’‡Ž‘
ƒ†˜‘‰ƒ†‘ ƒˆƒ” ƒ„ ‹Žƒ‹Ǥ ‘”±ǡ ‡Š—ƒ †‡•–ƒ• ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡• ˆ‘‹ …ƒ’ƒœ †‡ …‘–‡” ƒ
‹•–ƒ„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǤ‡•‘…‘‘•‡•ˆ‘”­‘•†‡•–ƒ•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡•‡Žƒ­ƒ”…ƒ’ƒŠƒ•
ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•ǡ ‘’‘†‡‘•‡‰ƒ”‘ˆƒ–‘†‡“—‡ƒ…‘—‹†ƒ†‡—­—ŽƒƒƒA†‹ƒ ‘’‘••—‹
—ŽÀ†‡”…ƒ”‹•ž–‹…‘…ƒ’ƒœ†‡—‹”ƒ•†‹ˆ‡”‡–‡•˜‡”–‡–‡•ǡ…ƒ’ƒœ†‡…”‹ƒ”ƒŽ‹ƒ­ƒ•‡–”‡‘•
—­—Žƒ‘•ǡ•‡’ƒ”ƒ†‘•’‘””‡‰‹Ù‡•‡•‡‹–ƒ•’‘”–‘†ƒƒA†‹ƒǤ
’ƒ”–‹”†‡ͳͻͺͻǡ‘‹‹…‹‘——ƒ…ƒ’ƒŠƒƒ…‹‘ƒŽ†‡…—Ž–‘ƒ‘•Dz–‹Œ‘Ž‘•†‡
‘”†‡ƒƒdz’‡Ž‘‘”–‡†ƒA†‹ƒǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ†‘’”‘…‡••Ù‡•Ȁ’ƒ••‡ƒ–ƒ•’ƒ”ƒ–”ƒœ‡”–‹Œ‘Ž‘•
•ƒ‰”ƒ†‘•’ƒ”ƒ›‘†Š›ƒǡ“—‡•‡”‹ƒ—•ƒ†‘•ƒ…‘•–”—­ ‘†‘–‡’Ž‘ƒƒƒǤ‘‹••‘ǡ
ƒŽ±†‡˜‹•‹„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡ƒ…‹‘ƒŽǡƒ†‹•’—–ƒƒ••—‡—‘˜‘…ƒ”ž–‡”Ǥ‡ͳͻͺͻ‡†‹ƒ–‡ǡ ‘
•‡–”ƒ–ƒƒ‹•‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ”ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘…—Ž–‘ƒƒƒǢƒ…ƒ’ƒŠƒ’ƒ••ƒƒ•‡”’‡Žƒ
†‡•–”—‹­ ‘†ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒǡ‡’‡Žƒ…‘•–”—­ ‘†‡—–‡’Ž‘‘‡•‘Ž—‰ƒ”Ǥ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‘—
—ƒ’”‘…‹•• ‘ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡†‡ŠƒŽ‰ƒ’—”ǡ‡•–ƒ†‘†‡‹Šƒ”ǡ…‘‘‹–—‹–‘†‡…‘Ž‡–ƒ”–‹Œ‘Ž‘•
•ƒ‰”ƒ†‘• ‡ •‡‰—‹”  ›‘†Š›ƒǤ ‘ †‹ƒ ʹͶ †‡ ‘—–—„”‘ †‡ ͳͻͺͻǡ — ‰”—’‘ ‡•…‘Ž–ƒ†‘ ’‡Žƒ
’‘ŽÀ…‹ƒǡ…‘ƒ’”‡•‡­ƒ†‘•—’‡”‹–‡†‡–‡†ƒ‘ŽÀ…‹ƒ‹™‹˜‡†‹ǡ’ƒ••ƒ˜ƒ’‡Ž‘†‹•–”‹–‘†‡
Tartapur, de maioria muçulmana, cantando slogans como “Hindi, Hindu, Hindustan, Mullah
Bhago Pakistan (ËQGLD SDUD RV KLQGXV PXOODKV YmR SDUD R 3DTXLVWmR H Babur ki auladon,
bhago Pakistan ya Kabristan ȋ ‹ŽŠ‘• †‡ ƒ„—” •ƒ‹ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ ‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ‘— ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ …‘˜ƒȌ
ȋ‰‡‡‡”ͳͻͻͲǣ͵Ͳ͹ȌǤ

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 45

 artigo

 ‡•–ƒ†‘ †‡ ‹Šƒ” ’‘••—‹ — Š‹•–×”‹…‘ †‡ …‘ϐŽ‹–‘• ‡–”‡ ƒ• †—ƒ• …‘—‹†ƒ†‡•
”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ Ž‰—• †‹ƒ• ƒ–‡• †ƒ ’ƒ••‡ƒ–ƒ …Š‡‰ƒ”  …‹†ƒ†‡ǡ ”—‘”‡• ˆ‘”ƒ ‡•’ƒŽŠƒ†‘•
ƒϐ‹”ƒ†‘ “—‡ — ‰”—’‘ †‡ ƒ‹• †‡ ʹͲͲ ‡•–—†ƒ–‡• —‹˜‡”•‹–ž”‹‘• Š‹†—• Šƒ˜‹ƒ •‹†‘
assassinados por um grupo de muçulmanos, seguido de um assassinato, também por
—­—Žƒ‘•ǡ†‡͵ͳ”ƒ’ƒœ‡•Š‹†—•‡ˆ”‡–‡ƒ‘ƒ•”‹–‘ŽŽ‡‰‡†‡‹Šƒ”Ǥ•–‡•”—‘”‡••‡
’”‘˜ƒ”ƒˆƒŽ•‘•ǡƒ•‹…‹–ƒ”ƒ†‹˜‡”•‘•–——Ž–‘••‡…–ž”‹‘•ȋ‡‘’Ž‡Ʋ•‹‘ˆ‘”‡‘…”ƒ–‹…
‹‰Š–• ‡’‘”–ǡ ǡ ͳͻͻ͸ǣ ʹͶʹȌǤ ƒ …‘‹•• ‘ †‡ ‹“—±”‹–‘ ˆ‘”ƒ ‹•–ƒ—”ƒ†ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ
‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ”ƒ•…ƒ—•ƒ•†‘•–——Ž–‘•‡Šƒ‰ƒŽ’—”ǡ…‘…Ž—‹†‘“—‡‘‡•–‘’‹†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒˆ‘‹
†‡•‡…ƒ†‡ƒ†‘ ’‡Žƒ ’ƒ••‡ƒ–ƒ †‘• –‹Œ‘Ž‘• †‡ ƒƒǡ ȋ Ƭ  ƒ’—†  ͳͻͻ͸ǡ ’Ǥ
ͳͶȌǡƒ—–—ƒ†‘‹…Ž—•‹˜‡‘•—’‡”‹–‡†‡–‡†ƒ’‘ŽÀ…‹ƒ™‹˜‡†‹’‘”‘‹•• ‘ƒ…‘–‡­ ‘†ƒ
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǤ ‘ˆ‘‹•‘‡–‡—‡„ƒ–‡‡–”‡—­—Žƒ‘•‡Š‹†—•ǣ†ƒ†‘•‘ϐ‹…‹ƒ‹•ƒ’‘–ƒ
para 1.070 mortes e 524 feridos, a maioria de muçulmanos em menos de uma semana de
tumultos. Grupos de karsevaks chegavam de carro, ônibus e trem de diversas partes da Índia
para se unir aos outros (karsevak±‘‘‡†ƒ†‘•’‡••‘ƒ•“—‡•‡˜‘Ž—–ƒ”‹ƒ’‡Žƒ…ƒ—•ƒ
”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒŠ‹†—ǡ‡• ‘‘„‹Ž‹œƒ†‘•‡ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒ†‘••‘„”‡–—†‘’‡Ž‘‡’‡ŽƒȌǤ˜‹Žƒ†‡
Šƒ‰ƒŽ’—”ˆ‘‹’”ƒ–‹…ƒ‡–‡†‡•–”—À†ƒȋ‡‡”ͳͻͻͶǣͲͶȌǤ…—Ž–‘ƒ‘•–‹Œ‘Ž‘•†‡‘”†‡ƒƒˆ‘‹
—†‘•ƒ‹‘”‡•…‘ϐŽ‹–‘•‡–”‡Š‹†—•‡—­—Žƒ‘•†‡•†‡ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǤ
 ͳͻͻͲ ƒŽ ‹•Šƒ †˜ƒ‹ǡ Ž‹†‡”ƒ­ƒ †‘  ǡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‘— — ”‹–—ƒŽ “—‡ ’ƒ••ƒ”‹ƒ
’‘”†‹˜‡”•‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•‹†‹ƒ‘•Ȃ†‡‘ƒƒ–Šƒǡ‘‡•–ƒ†‘†‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ›‘†Š›ƒǡ‡––ƒ”
”ƒ†‡•ŠȂ…‘‘‹–—‹–‘†‡ϐ‹ƒŽ‡–‡…‘•–”—‹”‘–‡’Ž‘†‘‘”†‡ƒƒǡ‘†‹ƒ͵Ͳ†‡
‘—–—„”‘†‡ͳͻͻͲǤ†˜ƒ‹ǡ•ƒ‹—‡’‡••‘ƒ‡…ƒ””‡ƒ–ƒ’‡Ž‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•‘‘”–‡†ƒA†‹ƒ‡
um rathǦ—ؐ‹„—•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ†‘‡—ƒ…ƒ””—ƒ‰‡À–‹…ƒǡ…‘‘ƒ“—‡Ž‘”†‡”‹•Šƒ
—•ƒ”ƒ‘•”‡Žƒ–‘•†‘Šƒ‰ƒ˜†ƒ
‹–ƒǤ
—Žƒ›ƒ‹‰Šƒ†ƒ˜ǡ‡– ‘‰‘˜‡”ƒ†‘”†‡––ƒ””ƒ†‡•Š’‡Ž‘’ƒ”–‹†‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‹•–ƒ
ƒƒŒ™ƒ†‹ ƒƒ–ƒƒ”–›ȋ Ȍƒϐ‹”‘—“—‡ ‘†‡‹šƒ”‹ƒƒ’”‘…‹•• ‘†‡†˜ƒ‹‡–”ƒ”‡
›‘†Š›ƒǡ‡ƒ–‡•†‘†‹ƒ͵Ͳ†‡‘—–—„”‘ǡ†˜ƒ‹ˆ‘‹’”‡•‘ǡ…‘‘ƒ˜ƒŽ†‘’”‹‡‹”‘‹‹•–”‘
‹•Š™ƒƒ–ƒ”ƒ–ƒ„‹‰Šǡ–ƒ„±†‘ Ǥ’”‹• ‘†‡†˜ƒ‹ ‘’”‡˜‡‹—‘•karsevaks
de continuar o rath  ›‘†Š›ƒ ƒ• ˆ‘”ƒ ‹’‡†‹†‘• ’‡Žƒ ’‘ŽÀ…‹ƒǤ ‹•Š™ƒƒ–ƒ ”ƒ–ƒ„
Singh e seus aliados estavam alinhados com a tradição institucional do secularismo. Nesta
perspectiva governo indiano não poderia permitir a alienação radical de sua população
—­—Žƒƒ…‘ƒ†‡•–”—‹­ ‘†‡—ƒ‡•“—‹–ƒ…‘•–”—À†ƒ‘•±…—Ž‘Ǥ2‹’”‘˜ž˜‡Ž
“—‡—‰‘˜‡”‘Ž‹†‡”ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘–‡”‹ƒƒ‰‹†‘†ƒ‡•ƒˆ‘”ƒǡ’‘‹•‘
ƒ–‡…‡••‘”†‡‹‰ŠǡƒŒ‹˜
ƒ†Š‹ǡ•‡’‘•‹…‹‘‘—ǡ‡ƒ‹•†‡—ƒ‘…ƒ•‹ ‘ǡƒˆƒ˜‘”†‡
†˜ƒ‹‡†‘•Š‹†—•‡›‘†Š›ƒǤ‡“—ƒŽ“—‡”ˆ‘”ƒǡƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•‡…ƒ„‡­ƒ†ƒ•’‘”‹•™ƒƒ–ƒ
”ƒ–ƒ„‹‰Š”‡•—Ž–ƒ”ƒƒ’‡”†ƒ†‘ƒ’‘‹‘†‘ ‘’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘‹†‹ƒ‘‡ƒ•—„•‡“—‡–‡
“—‡†ƒ †‘‰‘˜‡”‘†‡‹‰Š “—‡ ‰‘˜‡”‘—†—”ƒ–‡ ‘ …—”–‘ ’‡”À‘†‘†‡†‡œ‡„”‘ †‡
ͳͻͺͻǡƒ‘˜‡„”‘†‡ͳͻͻͲǤ
“—‡†ƒ†‡‹‰Šƒ”…ƒ‘‹À…‹‘†ƒƒ•…‡• ‘†‘ ‡…‘‡Ž‡‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘
Š‹†—Ǥ ƒ• ‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡• ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹• †‡ ƒ‹‘ ‡ Œ—Š‘ †‡ ͳͻͻͳǡ ‘†‡ •‡”‹ƒ ‡Ž‡‹–ƒ• ͷͳͳ ˜ƒ‰ƒ•
‘’ƒ”Žƒ‡–‘ǡ‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‡†˜ƒ‹‰ƒŠ‘—ǡ’‡Žƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•–×”‹ƒ†‘’ƒÀ•ǡͳͳͻ
’‘•–‘•ǡ‡ʹͲ’‘”…‡–‘†‘•˜‘–‘•Ǥ•–‘•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ“—‡‘ †‘„”‘—•—ƒ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ­ ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡

46 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

•‡–‘”ƒ”ƒ‘ƒ‹‘”’ƒ”–‹†‘†‡‘’‘•‹­ ‘Ǥ‹†ƒƒ‹••‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹˜‘ǡˆ‘‹‘ˆƒ–‘†‡“—‡‘’ƒ”–‹†‘
‰ƒŠ‘—ƒ•‡Ž‡‹­Ù‡•‡•–ƒ†—ƒ‹•‡ˆ‘”‘—‰‘˜‡”‘‘‡•–ƒ†‘†‡––ƒ””ƒ†‡•ŠȂ‘ƒ‹‘”†ƒ
A†‹ƒǡ±’‘…ƒ…‘ƒ‹•†‡ͳͲͲ‹ŽŠÙ‡•†‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ–‡•ǡ‡†‘
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ“—‡†‡–±—†‘•
ƒ‹‘”‡•’ƒ”“—‡•‹†—•–”‹ƒ‹•†‘’ƒÀ•Ǥ
 ͳͻͻʹ‘‰‘˜‡”‘†ƒA†‹ƒǡˆ‘”ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘’ƒ”–‹†‘†‘‘‰”‡••‘…‘ƒ”ƒ•‹Šƒ
ƒ‘‘’‘•–‘†‡’”‹‡‹”‘‹‹•–”‘„—•…‘—”‡•‘Ž˜‡”ƒ†‹•’—–ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ†‘‡‰‘…‹ƒ­Ù‡•‡–”‡
‘‡‘Muslim Babri Masjid Action Committeeǡ•‡•—…‡••‘ƒŽ‰—‡•–ƒ•‡‰‘…‹ƒ­Ù‡•Ǥ
‘‹À…‹‘†‡†‡œ‡„”‘ǡ‰”—’‘•†‡karsevaks…‘‡­ƒ”ƒƒ…Š‡‰ƒ”ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ‘†‹ƒ͸†‡
†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ͳͻͻʹǡ—‰”—’‘…‘ƒ‹•†‡͵ͲͲ‹Ž’‡••‘ƒ•ƒ”…Š‘—‡†‹”‡­ ‘‡•“—‹–ƒ
e, armados com martelos, machados e pás, literalmente a destruíram. A destruição da
‡•“—‹–ƒ’‘”‰”—’‘•Š‹†—•ˆ‘‹ƒ’Žƒ‡–‡†‹˜—Ž‰ƒ†ƒ’‡ŽƒÀ†‹ƒ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽǤ•ƒŽ†‘†‡
˜À–‹ƒ•ˆƒ–ƒ‹•ǡƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ‘…—”•‘†‘•‡˜‡–‘•“—‡…—Ž‹ƒ”ƒƒ†‡•–”—‹­ ‘†ƒ
‡•“—‹–ƒ…Š‡‰‘—ƒͳǤ͹ͲͲȋŠƒ—”ͳͻͻ͵ǣ͸ͶͷǢ ƒˆˆ”‡Ž‘–ʹͲͲ͹ǣʹͳȌǤ

III O massacre de muçulmanos em Gujarat

‘‘‡…‹‘ƒ†‘ƒ…‹ƒǡ‘ …”‡•…‡—•—„•–ƒ…‹ƒŽ‡–‡‡—†‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•ƒ‹•
†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹†‘•‡…‘‘‹…ƒ‡–‡ƒA†‹ƒǡ‘‡•–ƒ†‘†‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ•‹–—ƒ†‘ƒˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ…‘‘
ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ǥƒ”‡†”ƒ‘†‹ǡƒ–—ƒŽ”‹‡‹”‘‹‹•–”‘†ƒA†‹ƒǡˆ‘‹’‡­ƒ…‡–”ƒŽ†ƒ‹˜‡•–‹†ƒ
†‘ ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘ǡ•‡†‘‰‘˜‡”ƒ†‘”†‘
—Œƒ”ƒ–†‡ʹͲͲͳƒʹͲͳͶǤ
No dia 27 de fevereiro de 2002, o trem Sabarmati Express •ƒ‹— †‡ ›‘†Š›ƒǡ
transportando diversos grupos hindus karsevaks“—‡ˆ‘”ƒ’”‡•–ƒ”ƒ’‘‹‘…‘•–”—­ ‘†‘
‡’Ž‘†‡ƒƒȋƒ–±ƒ†ƒ–ƒ’”‡•‡–‡ǡˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘†‡ʹͲͳ͹ǡ‘–‡’Ž‘’ƒ”ƒƒƒ‡›‘†Š›ƒ
ƒ‹†ƒ  ‘ ˆ‘”ƒ …‘•–”—À†‘ȌǤ ‘ ’ƒ••ƒ” ’‡Žƒ ’‡“—‡ƒ …‹†ƒ†‡ †‡
‘†Š”ƒǡ ‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ǡ
…‹†ƒ†‡†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒƒǡ†‘‹•˜ƒ‰Ù‡•†‘–”‡ˆ‘”ƒ‹…‡†‹ƒ†‘•Ǥ‹“—‡–ƒ‡‘‹–‘
passageiros foram vítimas fatais neste incidente, sendo praticamente todos hindus.
–‘• †‡ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ •‡…–ž”‹ƒ VmR EDVWDQWH FRPXQV QR HVWDGR H SRXFRV LPDJLQDYDP D
amplitude de atos que este incidente viria a disparar. Do incidente com o trem em Godhra
•‡‰—‹—Ǧ•‡—ƒ…ƒ”‹ϐ‹…‹ƒ•‡…–ž”‹ƒ‘‡•–ƒ†‘†‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–•‡’”‡…‡†‡–‡•Ǥ‘”“—ƒ•‡†‡
“—ƒ–”‘‡•‡•ǡ†‡œ‡••‡‹•†‘•˜‹–‡‡“—ƒ–”‘†‹•–”‹–‘•†‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ˆ‘”ƒ–”ƒ‰ƒ†‘•’‘”‘†ƒ•
†‡ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ …‘–”ƒ —­—Žƒ‘•Ǥ ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‡–‡ ‡–”‡ ‘• †‹ƒ• ʹͺ †‡ ˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘ ‡ ʹ †‡
março, a população da colônia muçulmana de Gulberg, na área leste da capital Ahmadabad
•‘ˆ”‡——ˆ‘”–‡ƒ–ƒ“—‡ǡ“—‡ˆ‡œ…‘“—‡‘Ž‘…ƒŽ†‡‹šƒ••‡†‡‡š‹•–‹”Ǥ‘‡–‡ƒ–ƒ”†‡†‘
dia 28, setenta e cinco muçulmanos foram assassinados de formas desconcertantemente
„”—–ƒ‹• ȋƒ™ƒ– ʹͲͲʹǢ ‡‘Ž‡ƒ” ʹͲͲʹǢ ƒ”•Š‡› ʹͲͲʹǢ ƒ†› ʹͲͲʹǢ ƒ…Šƒ†‹ ʹͲͳʹȌǡ ‡
‘• •‘„”‡˜‹˜‡–‡• †‡‹šƒ”ƒ ‘ Ž‘…ƒŽǡ ‹‰”ƒ†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ …ƒ•ƒ †‡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‡• ‡ ƒ‹‰‘•ǡ ‘— ’ƒ”ƒ
‘• …ƒ’‘• …”‹ƒ†‘• ’ƒ”ƒ ”‡…‡„‡” †‡•Ž‘…ƒ†‘• †ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǤ  …ƒ’‹–ƒŽ Š‡†ƒ„ƒ† •‘ˆ”‡—
uma onda de migração em massa, e muitos não retornaram até a presente data. A cidade
’‡”ƒ‡…‡†‹˜‹†‹†ƒ…‘ž”‡ƒ•”‡•–”‹–ƒ•†‡•–‹ƒ†ƒ•Š‹†—•‡—­—Žƒ‘•Ǥ

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 47

 artigo

‰”—’‘†‡…‹˜‹••‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‘—…‘‘‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘†‡ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ”ƒ•…ƒ—•ƒ•†‘‡˜‡–‘ǡ‘
chamado Concerned Citizens TribunalȋȌǤ‡•–‡”‡Žƒ–×”‹‘ǡͳͷͳ…‹†ƒ†‡•‡ͻͻ͵˜‹Žƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ
ƒˆ‡–ƒ†ƒ•’‘”–——Ž–‘••‡…–ž”‹‘•Ǥ…‘Ž‡–‘—ʹǡͲͻͶ–‡•–‡—Š‘•†‡•‘„”‡˜‹˜‡–‡•ǡƒ••‹
…‘‘‘—˜‹—‰”—’‘•†‡†‹”‡‹–‘•Š—ƒ‘•ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡•†‡—ŽŠ‡”‡•ǡƒ…ƒ†²‹…‘•‡
•Ǥ
‰”—’‘–ƒ„±–‡˜‡ƒ…‡••‘ƒ†‘…—‡–‘•’”‘†—œ‹†‘•’‘”’‡••‘ƒ•“—‡‰‡”‡…‹ƒ˜ƒ‘•
”‡…±Ǧ…”‹ƒ†‘•…ƒ’‘•†‡†‡•Ž‘…ƒ†‘•‹–‡”‘•‡ŽÀ†‡”‡•…‘—‹–ž”‹‘•Ǣ‡•–‡•†‘…—‡–‘•
possuem listas de pessoas mortas ou desaparecidas, uma catalogação meticulosa sobre
ƒ•’‡”†ƒ•‡…‘Ø‹…ƒ•ǡ‡†ƒ•’”‘ˆƒƒ­Ù‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ’—„Ž‹…‘—•‡’ƒ”ƒ†ƒ‡–‡‡•–ƒ•
Ž‹•–ƒ• ‡ …ƒ–žŽ‘‰‘•ǡ ‡ ‘• †‡‹š‘— ƒ‡šƒ†‘• ƒ‘ ”‡Žƒ–×”‹‘ ϐ‹ƒŽǤ †‡ƒ‹•ǡ ƒ‹• †‡ —ƒ †ïœ‹ƒ
†‡”‡Žƒ–‘•‡‹“—±”‹–‘•’‘Ž‹…‹ƒ‹•ˆ‘”ƒ†‡‹šƒ†‘•ƒ• ‘•†‘ǡ“—‡ˆ‘”ƒ‡šƒ‹ƒ†‘•
pelos membros do grupo.
‡Žƒ–×”‹‘±ƒ„‡”–‘…‘ƒ‹•–×”‹ƒ†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ•‡…–ž”‹ƒ‘‡•–ƒ†‘†‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–Ǥ••‘
’‘”“—‡‘•‡˜‡–‘•†‡ʹͲͲʹˆƒœ‡’ƒ”–‡†‡—’”‘…‡••‘Ž‘‰‘†‡†‹•’—–ƒ‡–”‡ƒ•†—ƒ•
…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡–‡‘•ƒ‘•†‡ͳͻ͸ͳǦ͹ͳǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‡–‡‘ƒ‘†‡
ͳͻ͸ͻǡƒ‹•†‡ʹǤͲͲͲ’‡••‘ƒ•ǡƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—Žƒ‘•ǡ’‡”†‡”ƒƒ˜‹†ƒ‡…‘ϐŽ‹–‘•†‡•–ƒ
ƒ–—”‡œƒǤšƒ–ƒ‡–‡’‘”‡•–‡‘–‹˜‘ǡƒ‰”ƒ†‡ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†‘•‡˜‘Ž˜‹†‘•‡‡•…Žƒ”‡…‡”ƒ•
”ƒœÙ‡•“—‡…—Ž‹ƒ”ƒ‘ƒ••ƒ…”‡†‡ʹͲͲʹƒ’‘–ƒ…Žƒ”ƒ‡–‡’ƒ”ƒ•—ƒ’”‡˜‹•‹„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ
• –——Ž–‘• †‡
—Œƒ”ƒ– • ‘ Œ—•–‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘• ’‡Ž‘• ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ• Š‹†—• …‘‘ — ƒ–‘
†‡”‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ­ ‘ƒ‘•—­—Žƒ‘•“—‡ƒ–‡ƒ”ƒˆ‘‰‘‘•˜ƒ‰Ù‡•†‘Sabarmati Express. Nos
’”‹…‹’ƒ‹• Œ‘”ƒ‹• †ƒ A†‹ƒ ȋTimes of India e o Hindustan TimesȌǡ Šž “—‡ †‹‰ƒ “—‡ ˆ‘‹
—‰”—’‘‹‡•‘†‡—­—Žƒ‘•“—‡ƒ–ƒ…‘—‘–”‡Ǣ‡Šž“—‡†‹‰ƒ“—‡‘‡˜‡–‘ˆ‘‹
ƒ”“—‹–‡–ƒ†‘ ’‡Ž‘• ’”×’”‹‘• ‡š–”‡‹•–ƒ• Š‹†—• …‘ ‘ ‹–—‹–‘ †‡ Œ—•–‹ϐ‹…ƒ” — ƒ–ƒ“—‡
’‘•–‡”‹‘”ƒ‘•—­—Žƒ‘•Ǥ…ƒ—•ƒ‡šƒ–ƒ†‘‹…‹†‡–‡’‡”ƒ‡…‡†‡•…‘Š‡…‹†ƒǤ
De acordo com Praveen Tagodia5ǡ•‡…”‡–ž”‹‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ†‘‡ʹͲͲʹǡƒ‘†ƒ†‡
˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ’וǦ
‘†Š”ƒˆ‘‹—ƒ”‡ƒ­ ‘ƒ–—”ƒŽƒ‘•ƒ–ƒ“—‡•—­—Žƒ‘•ƒ†‹˜‡”•‘•’‡”‡‰”‹‘•
Š‹†—•ǡ ‡ ƒ–ƒ“—‡• ƒ Š‹†—• ƒ ƒš‡‹”ƒǤ ‡•–‡ ’‡”À‘†‘ ƒ ‹’”‡•ƒ Ž‘…ƒŽ ˜‡”ž…—Žƒ †‡

—Œƒ”ƒ–ƒ••‘…‹ƒ˜ƒƒ…‘—‹†ƒ†‡—­—Žƒƒƒ–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•ǡƒ‘’ƒ••‘“—‡‰ƒ‰—‡•ƒ”ƒ†ƒ•
†‡Š‹†—•‡š–”‡‹•–ƒ••‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ˜ƒ’ƒ”ƒ†‹œ‹ƒ”—­—Žƒ‘•‡”‡˜ƒ…Š‡ƒ–”ƒ‰±†‹ƒ
†‘–”‡ȋ‡‘Ž‡ƒ”ʹͲͲʹȌǤ‡ƒ…‘”†‘…‘—’”‘—…‹ƒ‡–‘’ï„Ž‹…‘†‘ǡƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ
‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–ˆ‘‹Dzƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ”‡•’‘•–ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜ƒ†‘•Š‹†—•ƒ‘ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹•‘—­—Žƒ‘
‡ ͳǤͲͲͲ ƒ‘•dz͸Ǥ •–ƒ ”‡ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ †‡ ‹Ž ƒ‘• •‡ †ž ‡šƒ–ƒ‡–‡ ‘ ’‡”À‘†‘ †‡ …Š‡‰ƒ†ƒ
†‘• —­—Žƒ‘• ƒ ”‡‰‹ ‘ǡ ’‡”À‘†‘ ‡ “—‡ ‘…‘””‡—ǡ •‡‰—†‘ ‘• ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ• Š‹†—•ǡ
— Ž‘‰‘ †‡…ŽÀ‹‘ †ƒ …‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ­ ‘ Š‹†—Ǥ ƒ”ƒ ‘• ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹•–ƒ• Š‹†—•ǡ ‘ ‰‘˜‡”‘ †‡

—Œƒ”ƒ–ˆ‡œ‘“—‡ˆ‘‹‡Ž‡‹–‘’ƒ”ƒˆƒœ‡”ǣ’‡”‹–‹””‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ­ ‘˜‹‘Ž‡–ƒ…‘–”ƒ—­—Žƒ‘•ǡ
‡•‘…‘–”ƒ‹ŽŠƒ”‡•†‡’‡••‘ƒ•“—‡‡…Š‡‰ƒ”ƒ’‡”–‘†‘‹…²†‹‘†‘•˜ƒ‰Ù‡•†‡

‘†Š”ƒǤ•ƒŽ†‘†‡˜À–‹ƒ•ˆƒ–ƒ‹•‡“—ƒ–”‘‡•‡•†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ•‡…–ž”‹ƒ‡
—Œƒ”ƒ–±†‡
ƒ’”‘š‹ƒ†ƒ‡–‡ʹǤͲͲͲ’‡••‘ƒ•ǡƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ—­—ŽƒƒǤ

5
‡–”‡˜‹•–ƒƒ‘Œ‘”ƒŽ‹‡•‘ˆ†‹ƒ†‘†‹ƒʹͷ†‡ƒ”­‘†‡ʹͲͲʹǤ
͸
—„Ž‹…ƒ†‘‘Œ‘”ƒŽ‹‡•‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡ʹ͸†‡Œ—Š‘†‡ʹͲͲʹ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽǣDz–Š‡ϐ‹”•–’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡•’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‹†—•–‘—•Ž‹ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹•‹ͳǤͲͲͲ›‡ƒ”•dzǤ

48 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

IV A Representação da Comunidade Muçulmana

 –‡•‡•‘†ƒ’—„Ž‹…ƒ­ ‘†‡‘‘‹‡”ƒ”…Š‹…—•ǡ—‘–ƒ—…‹‘—“—‡‡•—ƒ

‘’‹‹ ‘ǡƒ•…‘†‹­Ù‡•’‡”ˆ‡‹–ƒ•’ƒ”ƒ‘†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†‡—ƒ‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ• ‘
encontradas no estabelecimento de uma relação ‡–”‡ƒ•‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ‡ƒ†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ…Žž••‹…ƒ7
ȋ—‘–Ƭ‘…‘…ͳͻͷ͹’ǡͲʹȌǤ‘”Dz”‡Žƒ­ ‘dzǡ—‘–•‡‰—‡ƒ‡•–‡‹”ƒ†‡ƒ”…‡Žƒ—••ǡ
‘†‡ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡‡ƒ‹†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ†‡˜‡•‡”…‘„‹ƒ†ƒ•ǡ—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡‘’ƒ’‡Ž†ƒ–”ƒ†‹­ ‘
•Ÿ•…”‹–ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ•‡•‘„”ƒ•†‡†ï˜‹†ƒ•ƒ—‹†ƒ†‡†ƒA†‹ƒȋ’ǤͲͶȌǤ•–ƒ‹ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ
dumontiana da combinação entre sociologia e indologia como sendo o melhor caminho
’ƒ”ƒ —ƒ ƒžŽ‹•‡ †ƒ A†‹ƒǡ –‡†‘ ƒ …—Ž–—”ƒ •Ÿ•…”‹–ƒ …‘‘ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”À•–‹…ƒ —‹˜‡”•ƒŽ ƒ
”‡‰‹ ‘ǡ‹ϐŽ—‡…‹‘—Ȃ‡ƒ‹†ƒ‹ϐŽ—‡…‹ƒǦ†‹˜‡”•‘•…‹‡–‹•–ƒ••‘…‹ƒ‹•†‡–”‘‡ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒǤ
 —‘–ȋʹͲͲͺȏͳͻ͸͸ȐȌ ‘–”ƒ–ƒ†ƒ’”‡•‡­ƒ—­—Žƒƒƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡‹†‹ƒƒǡ“—‡
é entendida como uma sociedade primordialmente hindu. A cultura muçulmana indiana é
discutida em Dumont de forma marginal no capítulo X do Homo Hierarchicus, sob o título
Dz‘’ƒ”ƒ­ ‘ǣ—‡•– ‘†ƒƒ•–ƒ–”‡‘• ‘Ǧ‹†—•‡ ‘”ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒdzǤ‡•–‡…ƒ’À–—Ž‘ǡ
‘ˆ‘…‘†‡—‘–±‘•™ƒ–ƒ–ŠƒǡŠƒ„‹–ƒ–‡•†‘ƒŽ–‘”‹‘†—•ȋƒ–—ƒŽ‡–‡’ƒ”–‡†‘
ƒ“—‹•– ‘Ȍǡ—ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡“—‡•‘„”‡˜‹˜‡—‹•‘Žƒ†ƒ†ƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒŠ‹†—Ǥ‡•‡—ˆ‘…‘ˆ‘••‡ƒ
•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡—­—Žƒƒ†‘•‡•–ƒ†‘•†‘—Œƒ„ǡ––ƒ””ƒ†‡•Šǡ
—Œƒ”ƒ–‘—†ƒ•…‹†ƒ†‡•†‡
Mumbai e Deli, ele teria em mãos um material rico, composto por mais de mil anos de
‹–‡”ƒ­Ù‡•‡–”‡ƒ•†—ƒ•…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•Ǥ
 …‘…‡’­ ‘ Š‹†—ǡ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ†ƒ ’‘” —‘–ǡ †‡ “—‡ ‘• ”‡‹• ȋ•Šƒ–”›‹ƒȌ ‡”ƒ ‘•
’”‘–‡–‘”‡•†‘••ƒ…‡”†‘–‡•ȋ„”Ÿƒ‡•Ȍǡ†ƒ•˜ƒ…ƒ•‡†‘•–‡’Ž‘•ȋȋʹͲͲͺȏͳͻ͸͸ȐȌ
 ‘’‘†‡•‡”˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ†ƒ•‡‘”‡‹ˆ‘”—­—Žƒ‘Ǥ‘”–ƒ–‘ǡƒ‘†‹•…—–‹”ƒ•‘­Ù‡•Š‹†—À•–ƒ•†‡
’ƒ”‡–‡•…‘ǡ”‡ƒŽ‡œƒ‡†‘À‹‘‡•—ƒƒžŽ‹•‡†‘•‹•–‡ƒ†‡…ƒ•–ƒ•ǡ—‘– não considera
RIDWRFUXFLDOGHTXHJUDQGHVSDUWHVGDËQGLDSRUPDLVGHVHLVVpFXORVHVWLYHUDPVRERGRPtQLR
†‘’±”‹‘—‰ŠƒŽǤe IDWR FRQVXPDGR GH TXH R 5DM EULWkQLFR LQÀXHQFLRX H PRGL¿FRX GH
IRUPDGHFLVLYDDVRFLHGDGHLQGLDQD—”‹‘•ƒ‡–‡ǡƒ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ†‡—‘–ǡ‘†‘À‹‘
—­—Žƒ‘’ƒ”‡…‡–‡”ƒ–”ƒ˜‡••ƒ†‘ƒA†‹ƒ’‘”•‡‹••±…—Ž‘••‡†‡‹šƒ”ƒ”…ƒ•†‡…‹•‹˜ƒ•
ƒ–”ƒ†‹­ ‘†ƒ…—Ž–—”ƒ•Ÿ•…”‹–ƒǤ
•‹ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ•†—‘–‹ƒƒ•”‡••‘ƒƒ•ƒžŽ‹•‡••‘…‹ƒ‹•†ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•‹†‹ƒƒ•
’וǦ…‘Ž‘‹ƒ‹•Ǥ‘“—‡†‹œ”‡•’‡‹–‘ž•ƒžŽ‹•‡••‘„”‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǡ‘National Crime Records
Bureau, p ‘ ה‰ ‘ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ ”‡•’‘•ž˜‡Ž “—‡ǡ ƒ—ƒŽ‡–‡ †‡•†‡ ‘ ƒ‘ †‡ ͳͻͷ͵8,
†‹˜—Ž‰ƒ ‡•–ƒ–À•–‹…ƒ• •‘„”‡ …”‹‡• ‘ ’ƒÀ•ǡ …‘ „ƒ•‡ ‘• ƒ–‘• ”‡’‘”–ƒ†‘•  ’‘ŽÀ…‹ƒǤ 
Bureau †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‡ †‹˜‡”•ƒ• •‡­Ù‡• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ” …”‹‡• ‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…‘•ǡ ”‡Žƒ…‹‘ƒ†‘ǡ
†‡ ˆ‘”ƒ ‹‘˜ƒ†‘”ƒǡ ‘• …”‹‡• • •—ƒ• ˜À–‹ƒ•Ǥ •–‡ ± ‘ …ƒ•‘ †ƒ• •‡­Ù‡• †‡ Dz‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ
…‘–”ƒƒ•—ŽŠ‡”‡•dzǡDz‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘–”ƒ‘•ƒŽ‹–•dzǡDz‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘–”ƒ”‹„ƒ‹•dz‡Dz‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ
…‘–”ƒƒ•”‹ƒ­ƒ•dzǤ…ƒ”ž–‡”‹‘˜ƒ†‘”†‘Bureau±‘†‡…”—œƒ”‘•†ƒ†‘•†‡…”‹‡•…‘
os das YtWLPDV †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‡†‘ ‘ …‘…‡‹–‘ †‡ “—‡ Šž …”‹‡• …—Œƒ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”À•–‹…ƒ ± ‘ ˆƒ–‘
†‡ –‡” ˜À–‹ƒ• ‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…ƒ•Ǥ ‘ ‹••‘ǡ ‘ Bureau ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ ƒ –ƒšƒ †‡ ‹…‹†²…‹ƒ †‘• …”‹‡•
7
†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ±‘‘‡†ƒ…‘””‡–‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‹•–ƒ‡•—ƒ˜‡”–‡–‡‹†‹ƒƒǤ
8
™™™Ǥ…”„Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥ‹

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 49

 artigo

…‘•‹†‡”ƒ†‘‘–‘–ƒŽ†ƒ’‘’—Žƒ­ ‘†ƒ•˜À–‹ƒ•Ǥ…‘‹••‘ǡ…‘–”‹„—‹’ƒ”ƒ…‘ϐ‹”ƒ”—
ˆƒ–‘…‘•–ƒ–‡‡–‡”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ†‘’‡Žƒ•‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ‹†‹ƒƒǣƒ•ƒ­Ù‡••‘…‹ƒ‹••‡”‡Žƒ…‹‘ƒƒ
’”‡†‹…ƒ†‘•ǡƒˆ‘”ƒ†‡“—‡–‘†‘ƒ–‘±”‡Žƒ…‹‘ƒ†‘ƒ—‘—–”‡‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…‘Ǥ••‡‘—–”‡
 ‘±Š‘‘‰²‡‘ǡ ‘±ƒŽ‡ƒ–×”‹‘ǣ±—ŽŠ‡”ǡŠ‘‡‘—–”ƒ•ǡ±‡„”‘†‡ƒŽ‰—ƒ…ƒ•–ƒǡ
subcasta, de alguma religião, seita, fala certa língua, e vem de certa região.
 ‘Šžǡ’‘”±ǡ‡‡Š—ƒƒžŽ‹•‡†‘—”‡ƒ—ǡ—ƒ•‡­ ‘†‡†‹…ƒ†ƒƒƒƒŽ‹•ƒ”‡
–”ƒ–ƒ”ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒǤ•‹‘”‹ƒ•ƒƒŽ‹•ƒ†ƒ•’‡Ž‘Bureau, consideradas vítimas de
…”‹‡•‡•’‡…‹ϐ‹…ƒ‡–‡˜‘Ž–ƒ†‘•…‘–”ƒ‡Žƒ•ǡ• ‘ƒ•‹‘”‹ƒ•†‡…ƒ•–ƒ•Ǥ‹‘”‹ƒ•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•
são descartadas da análise. Porém, segundo as mesmas análises do Bureau, a violência
FROHWLYDos riotsǡ• ‘‘•…”‹‡•†‡ƒ‹‘”‹…‹†²…‹ƒ‘•~OWLPRVDQRV1a maioria destes
‡˜‡–‘•ǡƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘Ž‡–‹˜ƒ±•‡…–ž”‹ƒǡ—‡„ƒ–‡‡–”‡ƒ•†—ƒ•ƒ‹‘”‡•…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•
religiosas do país. E dentro destas análises, o Bureau não indica quem são as vítimas dos
riots, apesar de indicar as vítimas de grande parte dos outros crimes. Nesta perspectiva,
o Bureau‘•‘ˆ‡”‡…‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡“—ƒ–‘•ƒŽ‹–•• ‘˜À–‹ƒ•†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒǢƒ• ‘‘
ï‡”‘‡šƒ–‘†‡“—ƒ–‘•—­—Žƒ‘•ˆ‘”ƒ˜À–‹ƒ•†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒǤ

V Violência Sectária e o Legado da Partilha

Š‹•–×”‹ƒ†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘Ž‡–‹˜ƒ‡•‡…–ž”‹ƒƒƒ‹‘”’ƒ”–‡†ƒ•ƒžŽ‹•‡••‘…‹‘Ž×‰‹…ƒ•
‹†‹ƒƒ• ƒ’ƒ”‡…‡ …‘‘ ‡˜‡–‘• •‡…—†ž”‹‘• ‘ …—”•‘ †ƒ ‹•–×”‹ƒ †ƒ A†‹ƒǤ • ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•
hindus, e as políticas muçulmanas aparecem como elementos menores frente a uma luta
—‹ϐ‹…ƒ†ƒ ‡  ‘ ˜‹‘Ž‡–ƒ …‘–”ƒ ‘• „”‹–Ÿ‹…‘•Ǣ ‡ ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ƒ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ †‘• …ƒ•‘• ˜‡
ƒ••‘…‹ƒ†ƒ‡…ƒ‹•‘•‹’‘•–‘•’‡Žƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ­ ‘…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽǤ†‡•’‡‹–‘†ƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘
†‡†‘‹•ǡ‡‡˜‡–—ƒŽ‡–‡–”²•ǡ•–ƒ†‘•‹†‡’‡†‡–‡•…‘‘”‡•—Ž–ƒ†‘†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒ†ƒA†‹ƒǡ
ƒ Š‹•–‘”‹‘‰”ƒϐ‹ƒǡ ‡ ƒ• …‹²…‹ƒ• •‘…‹ƒ‹• ‹†‹ƒƒ• –‡†‡ ƒ ˆ‘…ƒ” ‘ …ƒ”ž–‡” •‡…—Žƒ” ‡  ‘
˜‹‘Ž‡–‘†ƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†ƒA†‹ƒ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡Ǥ•…‹²…‹ƒ••‘…‹ƒ‹•‘’–ƒ”ƒ’‘”…‡Ž‡„”ƒ”ƒ
‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ…‘‘ƒ­ ‘•‘„‡”ƒƒǡƒ‘‹˜±•†‡Ž‹†ƒ”…‘ƒ•ƒ‰‘‹ƒ•†ƒƒ”–‹ŽŠƒǤ

›ƒ ƒ†‡› •—‰‡”‡ “—‡ ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ ƒ A†‹ƒ ± –”ƒ–ƒ†ƒ …‘‘ ‡˜‡–‘•
‡š…‡’…‹‘ƒ‹•ǡ’‘–‘•ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒ…—”˜ƒǡ”‡•—Ž–ƒ†‘•†‡…‘Œ—–—”ƒ•‹…‘—•Ǥ•–ƒ•ƒžŽ‹•‡•
’”‡–‡†‡ †‹œ‡” “—‡ ƒ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ •‡…–ž”‹ƒǡ ƒ “—ƒ–‹†ƒ†‡ †‡ ‘…‘””²…‹ƒ• ƒ ‡•…ƒŽƒ ‡ ƒ
ˆ”‡“—²…‹ƒ †‡•†‡ ͳͻͺͲ ƒ‹†ƒ  ‘ ˆƒœ‡ —ƒ †‹ˆ‡”‡­ƒ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ  ‡••²…‹ƒ †‘
•‡…—Žƒ”‹•‘†ƒ•’‡••‘ƒ•ǡ‡–ƒ’‘—…‘ƒˆ‡–ƒƒ–”ƒ†‹­ ‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ†‡ ‘Ǧ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒȋƒ†‡›
ͳͻͻʹǣͶͳȌǤ
‘‡–‘†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ‡†‘•‘ˆ”‹‡–‘ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ…‘Ž‡–‹˜ƒ•‡…–ž”‹ƒ‘•†‹œ—‹–‘
•‘„”‡ƒ…‘†‹­ ‘†ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡‹†‹ƒƒƒ–—ƒŽǤ‡š’‡”‹²…‹ƒ†ƒ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ±—ƒ’ƒ”–‡…”—…‹ƒŽ
ƒˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘†ƒ–”ƒ†‹­ ‘ǡ†‘•‡•‘†‡…‘—‹†ƒ†‡‡†ƒ‹•–×”‹ƒ†ƒA†‹ƒ…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒǤ
•…‹…ƒ–”‹œ‡•†ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡ϐ‹…ƒ…Žƒ”ƒ•ƒ†‹˜‹• ‘‹†‡–‹–ž”‹ƒ’וǦ…‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ‡š–”‡ƒ‡–‡
”À‰‹†ƒ†ƒ•…‘—‹†ƒ†‡•Š‹†—ǡ—­—Žƒƒ‡•‹ŠǤ

ƒ†Š‹‡‘Dz’‘˜‘‹†‹ƒ‘dz•‡–‘”ƒ•À„‘Ž‘•†‡—ƒ‡••²…‹ƒƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒǡ†‡—
‡•’À”‹–‘‹†‹ƒ‘ǡ“—‡’ƒ”‡…‡‹‰‘”ƒ”‘ˆƒ–‘†‡–‡”‡’ƒ••ƒ†‘’‘”—’”‘…‡••‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘

50 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

‘†‡‘ƒ—‰‡†ƒŽ—–ƒˆ‘‹ƒ†‹˜‹• ‘‡†‘‹•’ƒÀ•‡•‡–‡”‘•”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•‘•Ǥ‘•“—‡•–‹‘ƒ‘•
•‡‘•–——Ž–‘••‡…–ž”‹‘•ƒ“—‡ƒŽ—†‹‘• não seriam consequências diretas desta História de
TXHSRXFRVHIDOD
ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒˆ‘‹’ƒ”ƒƒƒ‹‘”‹ƒ†ƒ•’‡••‘ƒ•“—‡Š‘Œ‡˜‹˜‡‘•–‡””‹–×”‹‘•†‹˜‹†‹†‘•
†‘ ‘”–‡ǡ Ž‡•–‡ ‡ ‘‡•–‡ †ƒ A†‹ƒǡ †‘ ƒ“—‹•– ‘ ‡ †‡ ƒ‰Žƒ†‡•Šǡ ‘ ‡˜‡–‘ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ †‘
•±…—Ž‘Ǣ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡–‡‡–‡”‘•†‡–”ƒ—ƒ‡…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ••
”ƒ†‡•
—‡””ƒ•’ƒ”ƒƒ
—”‘’ƒǤ•‡š’‡”‹²…‹ƒ•†ƒ”‹‡‹”ƒ‡†ƒ‡‰—†ƒ
—‡””ƒ• ‘…‡Ž‡„”ƒ†ƒ•ƒ—”‘’ƒ…‘
‘—‡–‘•‡‡˜‡–‘•ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•Ǥ ‘Šžƒ†ƒ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡–‡ƒA†‹ƒǤ“—‡•‡…‡Ž‡„”ƒƒ
A†‹ƒ±ƒ…‘“—‹•–ƒ†ƒ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ’‘”‡‹‘†ƒ ‘Ǧ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ†‹˜—Ž‰ƒ†ƒ’‘”
ƒ†Š‹ǡ
“—‡…‘’Ù‡—ƒ’ƒ”–‡—‹–‘À‹ƒƒ…‘’‘•‹­ ‘†‘“—‡ˆ‘‹ƒŽ—–ƒ’‡Žƒ‹†‡’‡†²…‹ƒ
da Índia.

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 51

 artigo

Referências

ǡ ƒ—Ž Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ †‹ƒ ƒ† ”‡–”‹„—–‹˜‡ ‰‡‘…‹†‡ ‹ –Š‡ —Œƒ„ǡ ͳͻͶ͸ȂͶ͹ǣ
means, methods, and Purposes. Journal of Genocide Research ˜ǤͷǡǤͳʹͲͲ͵

ǡ‘—‹•‘‘‹‡”ƒ”…Š‹…—•†—•’ǡʹͲͲͺ

ǡ‘—‹•ǡǡƒ˜‹† ‘”ƒ‘…‹‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ†‹ƒǤContributions to Indian Sociology

Ǥͳͳͻͷ͹


ǡŽ‹Ǥ‘—ƒŽ‹‘–•‹ʹͲͲʹǣ—”˜‡›ǤEconomic and Political Weekly vol 2
ŒƒʹͲͲ͵

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴
”‹”ƒ‰‡†›‘ˆŠƒ‰ƒŽ’—”‹‘–•ǣ‘Ž‡‘ˆ‘Ž‹…‡Ǧ”‹‹ƒŽ‡š—•ǤEconomic and
Political Weekly˜‘Žʹͷ͸ˆ‡˜ǤͳͻͻͲ

ǡƒ”˜‹•
Šƒ••‡ǤPogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism ad Anti-Muslim Violence
in IndiaǤ”‹…‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ʹͲͲʹ

ǡŠ‘ƒ•Ž‘Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay

”‹…‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ʹͲͲͳ

 ǡŠ”‹•–‘’Š‡ǤThe Hindu Nationalism: a ReaderǤ”‹…‡–‘ǣ”‹…‡–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›

Press, 2007

ǡ‘ƒŽ† ǡ ‡ƒThrough Indian EyesǤ‹–‡†ƒ–‹‘•ǣ›‡•‘‘‡”‹‡•

2008.

ǡ
‘’ƒŽƒ• Stern Reckoning: A Survey of the Events Leading Up To and Following
the Partition of India. ‡ŽŠ‹ǣšˆ‘”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ǡͳͻͺͻȏͳͻͶͻȐ

ǡ•Š‹•„‹–—ƒ”›‘ˆƒ—Ž–—”‡ǤSeminar, maio, 2002

ǡ–‡™ƒ”–‹˜‹†‡ƒ†—Ž‡ǣ”‹–‹•Š‘Ž‹…›‹†‹ƒ‹•–‘”›ǤScience and Society vol 15,

Œƒͳͻͷͳ

ǡ
›ƒ‡†”ƒ  ‡ˆ‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡–ǣ ”‹–‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ‹†—Ǧ—•Ž‹ ‹‘–• ‹
†‹ƒ‘†ƒ›ǤRepresentationsǤ͵͹Œ—ŽǤͳͻͻʹ

ǡƒ–›ƒǤPartition of the Punjab: A Study of its Effects on the Politics and Administration
of the Punjab 1947-1956Ǥ‘„ƒ›ǣ•‹ƒǡͳͻ͸͹

ǡ ‹ƒ›ƒ ƒ‘†ƒ”Ǥ Essentials of HindutvaǤ †‡’‡†‡– —„Ž‹•Š Žƒ–ƒˆ‘”

ʹͲͲ͸Ǥ

ǡ—”‡Œ
—Œƒ”ƒ–‹‘…‡”‡†”‹„—ƒŽ‡’‘”–•ǤŠ‡†ƒ„ƒ†ʹͲͲʹ

ǡƒ”–›ƒǤThe Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity.

‡™‡ŽŠ‹ǣ‡‰—‹‘‘•ǡʹͲͲͷ


ǡ ‘•Š‹ ‘—ƒŽ ‹‘Ž‡…‡ ‹ †‹ƒǣ ‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡• ‘ ƒ—•ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ…–‘”•Ǥ
Economic and Political Weekly vol. 40 n. 20 maio, 2005.

52 MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017

 artigo

ǡ—†Š‹”›ƒ•Ǥ†‹ƒ‘Ž‹…›ǡ•‡—†‘‡…—Žƒ”‹•‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”—””‡–”‹•‹•ǤTimes
of India, 25 de março, 2002


ǡ‹”’ƒŽȋ‡†ǤȌSelect Documents on Partition of Punjab. ‡ŽŠ‹ǣƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘‘Š‘’ǡ
ͳͻͻͳ

ǡ‡‹Ž‹˜‹†‡ƒ†—Ž‡ǣ”‹–‹•Š‘Ž‹…›‹†‹ƒ‹•–‘”›…‹‡…‡ƒ†‘…‹‡–›˜‘Ž

ͳͷǤͳͳͻͷͳ

ǡ ƒ‡•Š ›Š‘†Š›ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘Ž‹–‹…• ‘ˆ †‹•ǯ• ‡…—Žƒ”‹•ǣ  ‘—„Ž‡Ǧ–ƒ†ƒ”†•
‹•…‘—”•‡Ǥ•‹ƒ—”˜‡›ǡ˜‘Ž͵͵ǡǤͲ͹ͳͻͻ͵

ǡ •Š—–‘•ŠǤ –Š‹… ‘ϔŽ‹…– ƒ† ‹˜‹… ‹ˆ‡ǡ ‹†—• ƒ† —•Ž‹• ‹ †‹ƒǤ ‡™
ƒ˜‡ǣƒŽ‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ǡʹͲͲʹǤ

VEER, Van der, Peter. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in IndiaǤ ‘• ‰‡Ž‡•ǣ
‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ”‡••ǡͳͻͻͶ

ǡ —‰†Šƒ
—Œƒ”ƒ– ‹‘–•ǣ ƒ –‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ —‡ǡ ‡•‡Ǥ
2002

Documentos
‡•—•‘ˆ†‹ƒʹͲͳͳǤ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡™™™Ǥ…‡•—•‹†‹ƒǤ‰‘˜Ǥ‹

Recalling Bhagalpur: a Report of the Aftermath of the 1989 RiotsǤ ‡‘’Ž‡Ʋ• ‹‘ ˆ‘”
‡‘…”ƒ–‹…‹‰Š–•‡’‘”–ǡǡͳͻͻ͸ǡ†‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣ

Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ—‹’—‡Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹Ȁ•…Ȁ…••ŠȀŠ—ƒ”‹‰Š–•ȀͲͶΨʹͲΨʹͲ
ȀΨʹͲǦΨʹͲΨʹͲǦΨʹͲȀͲʹǦȀͲʹ„Ǥ’†ˆ

ǯǡʹͲͲʹǡDz”‹‡‰ƒ‹•–—ƒ‹–›ǣ“—‹”›–‘–Š‡

ƒ”ƒ‰‡‹
—Œƒ”ƒ–dzǡ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͳǡʹͲͲʹǡ—„ƒ‹ǣ‹ŽŠƒ”ƒ”ˆ‘”‹–‹œ‡•ˆ‘” —•–‹…‡ƒ†
‡ƒ…‡ǡ†‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•ƒ„”ƒ‰Ǥ…‘Ȁ–”‹„—ƒŽȀ

‡š–‘”‡…‡„‹†‘‡ǣͳͷ†‡‡œ‡„”‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸
’”‘˜ƒ†‘‡ǣ͵Ͳ†‡ƒ‹‘†‡ʹͲͳ͹

MALALA, São Paulo v. 5, n. 8, set. 2017 53