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J ÏC ô¢ÙÞœª-ö˶E íÆ£«ç˵jì î¦ú£ì ÚÛL-Tì
î¦óŸ³÷±.-
J šïj°vèÁ-áû ÚÁx·ôjè áõ vë¯÷-é°Eo -
cšïj°vèÁ-ÚÁx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙe- ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.-
J ÷´è[ª òÅ°Þ¥õ Þ¥èÅ[ šïj°vèÁ-ÚÁx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ,
ÖÚÛ òŰޜ٠ޥèÅ[ ìvA-Ú¥÷ªx NªvøŒ-÷«Eo -
cvë]÷-ô¦áÙe- öË¶ë¯ -cÎÚ¥y-K->óŸ«e-
ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. vë]÷-ô¦-â°Eo ñÙÞ¥ô¢Ù,
ð§xæ¨ìÙ ö°Ùæ¨ ÑêŸ\”ù£d ö˺-õìª ÚÛJ-
TÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.-
J Ó÷³-ÚÛõ ìªÙ# >Þœª-ô¢ªìª ú£ÙvÞœ-Ù-àŸ-
è¯-EÚ¨, Ó÷³-ÚÛõ ò˹ޜª_ìª øŒ‰CÌÄ à¶óŸª-è¯-
EÚ¨ šïj°vèÁ-áû ÚÁx·ôj-èÂìª Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.-
J Øù£-ëůõ êŸóŸ«K, ví£óµ«-Þœ-ø‹-õö˺x šïj°vèÁ-
ÚÁx-JÚ Î÷«xEo Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.-
J îµ³ÚÛ\-â˹ìo í‡Ùè… ìªÙ# Þœ«xÚÁ-âËÀìª
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÷³Üu-iì ô¢þ§-óŸªì í£ë¯-ô¦–õª
ð¼MúÃ, ÏêŸô¢ ð¼æ© í£K¤Ûõ ví£ê¶uÚÛÙ
Q ÚÁxôÁðƧîª, DDT ö°Ùæ¨ vÚ¨Nª-ú£Ù--ô¢Ú¥õª,
ð§xú‡dÚÂ, ô¢ñ(ô êŸóŸ«-Kö˺ ÚÁxJ-ûÂìª Ñí£-óµ«-
T-þ§hô¢ª.-
G Hx#Ù-Þ ð¿è[-ôÂìª ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ Þ¥Lö˺
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ÚÛ-ô¢éÙ áJT -cÍÙë]ª-ò°åª ÚÁxJûÂe- êŸÞœª_-
-cÍÙë]ª-ò°åª ÚÁxJûÂe ÍÙç˶?
Q ðƧúÃ@û (COCl2), ò°-ù£p-î¦-óŸ³÷± ꟪ÙC.- í£-J-÷-ô¢hì ÷´õ-Ú¥õ
šïj°vèÁ-ðƼx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ [CCl3(NO2)], ÷ªú£dô“ î¦óŸ³÷± (Cl- G ÖÚÛ ÷ªÙ# Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô ì÷´û¦ ô¢àŸô³êŸ TÙ#, ú£õpÄô è˵jÎ-·Új¬qè (SO2)ìª ú£õpÄôÂ
wç˵jÎ-·Új¬qè (SO3)Þ¥ ÎÚ©q-ÚÛ-ô¢éÙ à¶þ§hô¢ª.-
(Hydrofluoric Acid)
CH2-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-Cl) ö°Ùæ¨ Nù£- ú£ª÷«ô¢ª 35 - 38%- -cÍÙë]ª-ò°åª ÚÁxJûÂe- è¯ÚÛdô í‡. òÅ°ìªví£Ú¥ùà Ñwê¶p-ô¢ÚÛ ëÅ]ô¦tõª- zx ì«ûµ-õìª šïj°vèÁ-á-F-ÚÛ-ô¢éÙ à¶ú‡ è¯ö°“/-
î¦-óŸ³-÷±õ êŸóŸ«-Kö˺ ÚÁxJ-ûÂìª î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- ìª Nè[ª-ë]õ à¶ú£ªhÙC.-
F šïj°vèÁ-ðƼx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ Íû¶C šïj°vèÁ-áû Q ÚÁxJû (Cl2) ñõ-iì Nô¢Ù-á-ì-Ú¥J Íú‡šúdÙæÀ vð»šíÆú£ô zx í£J-÷-ô¢hì ÷´õ-Ú¥õª, î¦æ¨ ú£î¶ªt-üŒ-û¦-õìª ÷ì-ú£p-AE êŸóŸ«ô¢ª à¶þ§hô¢ª. Ð ví£vÚ¨-óŸªö˺
ðƼx·ôjè î¦óŸ³÷± áõ-vë¯-÷éÙ.- (Bleaching agent).- Ú•óŸªu-Þªœ Vb, ì«õª,
G Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[-ôÂìª Fæ¨E øŒ‰CÌÄ à¶›ú vÚ¨Nª- í£J-vøŒ-÷ªö˺x, @÷ ÷u÷-ú£–ö˺x ví£ëůì Ñwê¶p-ô¢- -cE·ÚöËÀe-ìª Ñvê¶p-ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.-
F DE ô¢þ§-óŸªì ðƧô¢ªtö°: HF ¸ôóŸ«û ë]-ö˵jì î¦æ¨E ÎÚ©q-ÚÛ-ô¢éÙ ë¯yô¦ ú£Ù-J-é¨Þ¥ î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- ò˵Ù@û ڥ-õªÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- zx ô¢ÚÛhÙö˺ ÎÚ¨q-á-ûÂìª îµ«ú£ª-·Úü™x Óvô¢æ¨
F šïj°vèÁ-ðƼx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ Þ¥VE ÚÛJ-T-ú£ªhÙC. Nô¢Ù-áìÙ à¶óªŸ -è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÁxJ-ûÂìª î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- G ì«õª, Ú¥TêŸÙ ÞœªVbìª Nô¢Ù-áì٠ඛúÙ- D ÏC vë]÷ ô¢«í£Ù-ö˺E ÍôÁ-÷«-æ¨Ú šïj°vèÁ-Ú¥- zx ›ï°ñô í£ë]ÌÄA ë¯yô¦ Ít-EóŸ« í£ë¯ô¢–Ù Íô³ì -ÞÁx-G-ûÂö˺ ¸ÚÙvë]
DEo Þ¥V ÷ú£ªh-÷±-öËšíj #vê¦õª U›úÙ-ë]ªÚÛª DE Nô¢Ù-áì ví£òÅ°÷Ù ø‹øŒy-êŸÙÞ¥ ÑÙåªÙC.- ë]ªÚÛª DEo Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- ô¢(ûÂ.- DEÚ¨ ô¢ÙÞœª ö˶ë]ª, ÷ªÙè˶ ú£yòÅ°-î¦Eo (NH3)ìª êŸóŸ«ô¢ª à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ Õô¢û ö˺ ÍóŸ«ûÂ:- Õô¢û (Fe+2).-
Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- Ð ví£vÚ¨-óŸªìª -cÓ#aÙÞÂe Q Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô êŸóŸ«-K-öËºì« ÚÁxJ-ûÂìª Ñí£- G Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[-ôÂìª ÎÚ©q-ÚÛ-ô¢é¨, ÚÁxJ-û¶-æ¨ÙÞ ÚÛLT ÑÙåªÙC.- (Fe), ÷«L-G“ìÙ (Mo)ìª Ñwê¶p-ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ zx Ú¨ô¢-é-áìu ú£Ùóµ«-Þœ-vÚ¨-óŸªö˺ Ñí£-óµ«-Þœ-í£è˶
(Etching) ÍÙ-æ°ô¢ª.- Þ¥Vö˺ Ñìo ú‡LÚ¥ óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- D ÏC vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ šívæ˺ ô¢þ§-óŸª-û¦ö˺x ÖÚÛæ¨.- î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- ÎÚÛª-í£àŸa í£ë¯ô¢–Ù ÚÁxôÁ-íƇ-öËÀö˺ ¸ÚÙvë] ö˺
(SiO2)êÁ HF àŸô¢u áJí‡, Fæ¨ö˺ ÚÛJ¸Þ DEo ÷³è… àŸ÷³ô¢ª ìªÙ# ú£ÙvÞœ--þ§hô¢ª.- zx ú£pô¦) Nëů-ìÙö˺ êŸóŸ«-ô¢ª-à¶-óŸª-è[Ùö˺ ÍóŸ«ûÂ:- Uo-ù‡óŸªÙ (Mg+2).-
šïj°vèÁ-ðƼx-ôÁ-ú‡-L-ú‡Ú Î÷«xEo (H2SiF6) Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô ð»æ°-ù‡óŸªÙ í£ô¦tÙ-Þœ-û¶æÀ D DEo šíô³Ùåªx, î¦Jo-ùÃõª, Íû¶ÚÛ ð§J-vø‹- ú£õ«pÄ-¬u-JÚ Î÷«xEo û¦-è…óŸªÙ šíÙæ°- zx Nå-Nªû B12 ö˺ ¸ÚÙvë] ö˺ ÍóŸ«ûÂ:-
Ïú£ªhÙC.- G ›úxÚÂè ö˵jîªêÁ ÚÁxJû àŸô¢u áJí‡ Hx#ÙÞ G DE ô¢þ§-óŸªì ðƧô¢ªtö°: KMnO4 NªÚÛ ô¢þ§-óŸª-û¦õ êŸóŸ«-Kö˺ î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- ·Új¬qè (V2O5zìª Ñwê¶p-ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«- ÚÁò°öËÀd (Co+3)
ç˵ðƧxû (Teflon) ð¿è[-ôÂìª Ïú£ªhÙC.- G ÏC Òë¯ ô¢ÙÞœª ÚÛL-Tì ú£pæ¨ÚÛ í£ë¯ô¢–Ù.-
2Ca(OH2) + 2Cl2 →
G DEo ô¢þ§-óŸªì í£J-vøŒ-÷ªö˺x, ví£óµ«-Þœ-ø‹-õö˺x
÷«-CJ ví£øŒoõª 2) šï°Ú¥q-ÚÁxôÁšújÚÁx-šï°-¸Úqû 10. Ú¨ÙC ÍÙø‹-õìª áêŸ-í£-ô¢-àŸÙè….-
v ç˵ðƧxû ô¢þ§-óŸªì û¦÷ªÙ:- ð§Mç˵-væ°-ðƼx-ôÁ- s›úxÚÂè ö˵jîªz sÚÁxJûÂz ñõ-iì ÎÚ©q-ÚÛ-ô¢é Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T- 3) íƇû¦öËÀ 4) ÚÁxôÁ-í‡-vÚ¨û â°Gê¦ n- Ó â°Gê¦ n- G
Ï-CÇ-Mû (PTFE). 1. ú£«í£ô ö˺-áû ÍE ë¶Eo ÍÙæ°ô¢ª? 4. û¦ûÂn-ú‡dÚ ÷Ùå ð§vêŸ-õÚÛª šíjí£²-êŸÞ¥ í£²›ú a) þ¼è…óŸªÙ i) Þ¥V Ó#aÙÞÂ
Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O þ§hô¢ª.-
v DEo Në]ªuê í£J-ÚÛ-ô¦ö˺x Ïìªq-ö˶-å-ôÂÞ¥ Ñí£- 1) vò˺Nªû 2) Íóµ«-è…ûÂ
ô¢þ§-óŸªì í£ë¯ô¢–Ù? šïj°ð¼-ÚÁx-·ôjæÀ
sHx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ôÂz G ð»æ°-ù‡óŸªÙ í£ô¦tÙ-Þœ-û¶-æÀìª àŸô¢t-î¦u-CÅÚ¨, 3) ðƼxJû 4) ÚÁxJûÂ
óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- G Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô ô¢þ§-óŸªì û¦÷ªÙ:- 1) ç˵ðƧxû 2) ð§M-ç˵-væ°-ðƼx-ôÁ-Ï-CÇ-Mû b) šïj°vèÁ-ðƼx-JÚ ii) Nù£ î¦óŸ³÷±
v ç˵ðƧxû íÆ£ªô¢{é êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÑÙåªÙC.- Ð Þ¥óŸ«-õìª øŒ‰vòÅ¡Ù à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨, ð§ë¯ö˺x 2. Ú¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨ö˺ ú£·ôjÙC ÔC? 3) 1, 2 4) víƇóŸ«û Î÷ªxÙ
Ú¥L{óŸªÙ šïj°ð¼-ÚÁx-·ôjæÀ.- DEo -cÚÁx·ôjè ÎíÆà Ôô¢pè˶ íÆ£ÙÞœöËÀ ÏûµpÄ-¤Û-ìxìª êŸT_Ù-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ i) þ§dôÂaêÁ Íóµ«-è…û àŸô¢u-á-Jí‡ FõÙ
Ú¥ô¢-éÙÞ¥ ò˶JÙ-ÞÂõª, ¸Þô¢ªx, úˆöËÀq, Þ¥ušú\åªx ö˵jîªe- ÍE ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- 5. Ú¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨ö˺ Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô Ñí£-óµ«ÞœÙ? c) ðƧúÃ@û iii) vÚ¨Nª-ú£Ù--Jé¨
îµ³ë]-ö˵jì î¦æ¨ö˺ DEo î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- G ÏC í£ú£ªí£± í£àŸa n- êµõªí£± ô¢ÙÞœªõ NªvøŒ- ô¢ÙÞœªìª Ïú£ªhÙC.- 1) vÚ¨Nª-ú£Ù--Jé¨ 2) Nô¢Ù-á-ì-Ú¥J 1) a-i, b-iii, c-ii 2) a-iii, b-ii, c-i
v û¦ûÂn-ú‡dÚ ÷Ùå-ð§-vêŸõ êŸóŸ«-K-öËºì« DEo ÷ªÙö˺ ÑÙè…, íÆ£«ç˵jì î¦ú£-ììª ÚÛLT G ÏC ví£í£ÙàŸ ÎôÁÞœu ú£Ùú£– ÷³Üu-iì Øù£- ii) ÍêŸu-CÅÚÛ Óõ-vÚ¥dû ÓíƇ-Eæ¨ Ñìo
3) ÎÚ©q-ÚÛ-ô¢é¨ 4) šíj÷Fo 3) a-ii, b-i, c-iii 4) a-iii, b-i, c-ii
Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- ÑÙåªÙC.- ë¯õ â°G-ê¦ö˺ ÑÙC.- ö˺-áû n- ÚÁxJû 11. ð§vêŸ ÞÁè[-õ-šíjÚ¨ ÓÞœ-ò°¸Ú vë]÷ í£ë¯ô¢–Ù ÔC?
G KMnO4ìª Fæ¨E øŒ‰CÌÄ à¶óŸª-è[Ùö˺ Nú£h¬”- 1) i ÷«vêŸî¶ª 2) ii ÷«vêŸî¶ª
6. Ú¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨ö˺ ðƼxJû ÜEáÙ ÔC?
ÚÁxJû (Chlorine) G Hx#ÙÞ ð¿è[ô ÍCÅÚÛ NMì Î÷«x-õêÁ ö˶ë¯
Ú¥ô¢(û è˵jÎ-·Új¬q-èÂêÁ àŸô¢u áJ-í‡-ì-í£±pè[ª êŸÙÞ¥ î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- 3) i, ii 4) ÔD-Ú¥ë]ª
1) ðƼxô¦-í£-ç˵jæÀ 2) vÚÛóµ«-ö˵jæÀ 1) vë]÷- -LóŸªÙ 2) vë]÷ ÎÚ¨q-áûÂ
3) ðƼxôÂ-þ§pÄô 4) šíj÷Fo 3) vë]÷ ìvêŸ-áE 4) vë]÷ Ít-EóŸ«
Q ÚÁxJû Fæ¨-ö˺E ò°uÚ©d-J-óŸ«ìª û¦øŒìÙ ÚÁxJû î¦óŸ³÷± Nè[ª-ë]õ Í÷±-꟪ÙC.- DEo G ÚÛô¢(ì ú£î¶ªt-üŒ-û¦ö˺x Íú£Ù-꟔-í£h-êŸìª 3. vÚ¨Nª-ú£Ù--ô¢-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-TÙචޜ÷«-Ú¨qû 12.- î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢-éÙö˺ ÍêŸuÙêŸ ú£÷ ª”-CÌÄÞ¥
à¶ú£ªhÙC.- DEo Ñí£-óµ«-TÙ# Fæ¨E øŒCÌÄ ÞœªJhÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ KMnO4 vë¯÷-é°Eo ô¢þ§-óŸªì û¦÷ªÙ ÔNªæ¨? 7. Fæ¨ö˺ ðƼx·ôjè ޥèÅ[êŸ 2 ppm ÚÛÙç˶
-cÍÙë]ª-ò°åª ÚÁxJûÂe- (available chlorine) ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ÑÙç˶ Ô î¦uCÅ ÷ú£ªhÙC? õGÅÙචáè[î¦-óŸ³÷± ÔC?
ඛú ví£vÚ¨-óŸªìª -cÚÁxJ-û¶-ù£ûÂe- ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- 1) è˵jÏëǵjöËÀ ÐëÇ]ôÂ
1) EóŸ«û 2) vÚ¨ð§dûÂ
1) ðƼxôÁ-ú‡úà 2) J·ÚæÀq
3) ÍF-NªóŸ« 4) -íƈ-LóŸ« 3) Tbû¦öËÀ 4) Îô¦_ûÂ
ÑêŸ\”ù£d î¦óŸ³-÷±õª W ÏC Þ¥L ÚÛÙç˶ ê¶L-·ÚjÙC, Ú¥ñæ¨d EÚ¨, Íõp Ñÿ¼g-vÞœ-êŸ-õìª þ§CÅÙචvÚÛóµ«-â˵- ×è[-¸ô-÷±ö˺x, N÷«-û¦-vøŒ-óŸ«ö˺x ë¯J ú£«#Ùච8. Ú¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨ö˺ ú£·ôjì àŸô¦u-Q-õêŸ vÚÛ÷ªÙ ÔC? 13.- víƇóŸ«û QêŸ-M-ÚÛ-ô¢é¨ ô¢þ§-óŸªì û¦÷ªÙ?
(Inert gases)
DEo N÷«û¦õ ç˵jô¢xö˺, Óô³-ôÂ-ù‡-íÃ-õö˺ EÚ ڥô¢ÚÛÙ-Þ¥ -vë]÷ L-óŸªÙìª î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- Dð§-õªÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- 1) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 > F2 1) è˵jÚÁx-ôÁ-è˵j-ðƼx-ôÁ-Oª-ëǶûÂ
EÙí£±-ê¦ô¢ª.- W MRI þ§\EÙÞ ÷u÷-ú£–-ö˺ ñõ-iì ÍA-î¦- Îô¦_ûÂ: þ§ëů-ô¢é åÙÞÂ-ú£dû íƇõ-ÙæÀ 2) è˵jÚÁx-ôÁ-è˵j-ðƼx-ôÁ-Ð-ëǶûÂ
2) Cl2 > F2 > Br2 > I2
-LóŸªÙ, EóŸ«ûÂ, Îô¦_ûÂ, vÚ¨ð§dû î¦óŸ³- W ÍCÅÚÛ àŸô¦u-Q-õêŸ Ñìo ö˺õ ú£ÙvÞœ-- ÚÛ ÍóŸª-þ§\Ù-êŸ-ê¦yEo ÑêŸpAh à¶óŸª-è¯- ñõª(ö˺x áè[-î¦-ê¦-÷-ô¢-é°Eo ÚÛLpÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ Îô¦_- 3) è˵jÚÁx-ôÁ-è˵j-Î-Ú©q-Oª-ëǶûÂ
éÙö˺, áè[-î¦-ê¦-÷-ô¢-é°Eo ÚÛLpÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ EÚ¨ vë]÷ L-óŸªÙìª Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- ûÂìª Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- 3) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
÷±-õìª ÑêŸ\”ù£d î¦óŸ³-÷±õª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- LóŸªÙ î¦óŸ³-÷±ìª Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- W vë]÷ L-óŸªÙìª Íéª-J-óŸ«-ÚÛd-ô¢xö˺ vÚ¨ð§dûÂ: î¦é¨áu ví£ÚÛ-å-ì-õÚÛª Ñí£-óµ«-TÙච4) F2 > Cl2 > I2 > Br2 4) è˵jÚÁx-ôÁ-è˵j-vò˺--Nª-ëǶûÂ
LóŸªÙ: W Þœá ÐêŸ-Þ¥üŒ‰x ÚÛ”vA÷ª ø‹yú£ ÚÁú£Ù QêŸ-M-ÚÛ-ô¢-é¨Þ¥ î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- NNëÅ] ô¢ÙÞœªõª ÚÛL-Tì ö˵jåxö˺ ô¢«\uK 9. Ú¨ÙC-î¦-æ¨ö˺ ñõ-iì Î÷ªxÙ ÔC? ú£÷«-ëů-û¦õª
W LóŸªÙ ÷ªÙè˶ ú£yòÅ°÷Ù ö˶E, ÍA ê¶L- LóŸªÙ n- ÎÚ¨q-áû î¦óŸ³-÷±õ NªvøŒ- EóŸ«ûÂ: ÏC ηôÙâËÀ n- ·ôè ÚÛL-ú‡ì ô¢ÙÞœªö˺ ò°ù£pÙêÁ ð§åª EóŸ«ûÂ, vÚ¨ð§d-ûÂìª Ñí£-óµ«-T- 1) šïj°vèÁ-ÚÁx-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ 1-3 4-3 7-1 10-4 13-1
·Újì î¦óŸ³÷±.- DEo î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢é í£J-øËÁ-ëÅ]-ì- ÷ªîµªiì Lóµ«ÚÂqìª Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- ÑÙåªÙC.- DEo ñõª(õ êŸóŸ«-Kö˺ Ñí£-óµ«- þ§hô¢ª. Þœìªö˺x í£E-ඛú Ú¥Jt-ÚÛªõ æËºíˆ 2) ú£õ«pÄ-¬u-JÚ Î÷ªxÙ 5-4 8-3 11-1
2-3
õÚÛª Ñí£-óµ«-TÙචò˵õ«-ìxö˺ EÙí£±-ê¦ô¢ª.- W Íõp Ñÿ¼g-vÞœ-êŸõ ÷ë]Ì ví£óµ«-Þ¥õª à¶óŸª-è¯- T-þ§hô¢ª. EóŸ«û ñõª(-õìª ú‡ÞœoöËÀ ö˵jåxö˺, ö˵jåxö˺ vÚ¨ð§d-ûÂìª î¦è[-ê¦ô¢ª.- 3) ûµjvæ¨Ú Î÷ªxÙ 4) šíj÷Fo 3-2 6-4 9-4 12-4

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DIRECTIONS
Directions (Qs. 1 - 3): Read the following infor-
mation carefully and answer the questions.
Point P is 27m to the South of point Q. Point M
is 19m to the West of point P. Point R is 17m to
How is Suresh related to that boy?
the North of point M. point V is 31m to the East
of point R. Point Q is 12m to the West of point S. 6. If P $ Q means P is the brother of Q; P # Q
1. Point S is in which direction with respect to
point M?
Writer
Bank means P is the mother of Q; P * Q means P
is the daughter of Q in A # B $ C * D, who is

Exams Special
1) South-East 2) North-West G. Sashi Kumar, Senior the father?
3) South-West 4) North Faculty, Sreedhar’s CCE 1) D 2) B 3) C
5) North-East 4) A 5) Data is inadequate
Sol: Q 12 S 4. What is total vertical distance that the person
travelled?
Reasoning Explanation: (−) (+)
{ A⇔D
10 1) 70m 2) 58m 3) 74m 
27 1) West 2) South-East
4) 54m 5) None of these B  C
R 3) South 4) North-West (+) (−)
V 5. What is the vertical distance between his Ans: 1
{
{

{ 5) Cannot be determined 7. If P $ Q means P is the father of Q; P # Q

19 12 starting point to ending point?
17 17 Sol:
1) 12m 2) 26m 3) 17m 9m means P is the mother of Q and P * Q means
4) 19m 5) None of these 4m P is the sister of Q, if N # L $ P * Q then how
M 19m P is Q related to N?
6. What is the horizontal distance the person
Point S is North-East to point M. travelled from his starting point to ending 5m 1) Grandson 2) Granddaughter
Ans: 5 point? 14m 3) Grandmother
2. If a person walks 10m towards North from 1) 14m 2) 18m 3) 16m 10 m 3. Pointing to a photograph a girl says, "He is 4) Grandfather 5) Data is inadequate
point R and then takes a right turn, which of the son of the only son of my paternal grand- Explanation: (−)
4) 19m 5) None of these
the following points would he reach first? father." How is the girl related to the man in
7. In which direction was the starting point with N
the photograph?
1) V 2) M 3) Q 4) S 5) P respect to ending point? 
1) Sister 2) Aunt 3) Cousin L
Sol: 1) South-East 2) North-East 10m T 4m house
Q S 4) Mother 5) Data is inadequate (+)
3) South-West 4) North

10
{ 10
5) South 8-3; Abhinav is 4m away from his house (start-
ing point)
Explanation: (+)
Grandfather

PQ
Sol:  (−) Ans: 5
9-1; Point is T in West with respect to point T.
R V 2m (+) (−) 8. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A − B
{ {
{

{ 19 12 Son ⇔ Wife means A is the sister of B and A × B means

17

P
{ 17

Office
12 m

5m
{ 28 m 4m
18 m BLOOD RELATIONS
Directions (Qs. 1 - 9): Select the correct alter-
native from the given choices.

Son  Girl
(+) (−)
A is the father of B. Which of the following
means that C is the son of M?
1) M − N × C + F 2) F − C + N × M
19 { 1. Pointing to a girl in a photograph Durga said, 3) N + M − F × C
16 m Ans: 1
If a person walks 10m towards North from “Her brother’s mother is the only daughter of 4) M × N − C + F 5) None of these
4. Pointing to a photograph. Pratap said, "He is
point R and then takes a right turn then he my father’s mother”. How is the girl related to Explanation: (+)
7m the son of the only daughter of the father of
reaches point Q first. Durga? M
my brother." How Pratap is related to the
Ans: 3 4-3; Total vertical distance travelled by a per- 1) Sister 2) Cousin 3) Mother man in the photograph? (if Pratap is a male.) 
3. If point Z is 27m to the South of point S then son 4) Aunt 5) Wife N  C  F
1) Nephew 2) Brother 3) Father
what is the distance between point M and Z? (−) (+) Ans: 4
= 12 + 28 + 16 + 18 = 74m Explanation: (−) 4) Maternal Uncle 5) Son
1) 31m 2) 12m 3) 10m 9. If A $ B means A is the brother of B; B * C
5-5; Vertical distance between starting point to Mother Explanation: Father (+)
4) 21m 5) 38m means B is the son of C; C @ D means C is
ending point = 74m (−)  (+)  the wife of D and A # D means A is the son
Sol: Q S 6-2; Horizontal distance travelled by a person Pratap  Son  Daughter
Mother  Father of D, how C is related to A?
from his starting point to ending point
  (+) (+) (−)

R
19
10

12
V
{ 27 m
= (5 + 2 + 7 + 4) = 18m
7-3; In the diagram person's office is South-
West from his destination.
Girl  Brother
(−) (+)
Durga
(−)

Son
1) Maternal grandmother
2) Maternal aunt
4) Mother
3) Aunt
5) Grandmother
(+) Ans: 4 Explanation: (−) (+)
17 17 Directions (Qs. 8 - 9): Study the following Ans: 2
information carefully and answer the given 5. Pointing to a photograph of a boy, Suresh C⇔D
2. Pointing to a photograph, a girl says “This
questions. said, "He is the son of the only son of my 
M 19 P 12 Z boy’s mother’s sister’s brother is my father”.
mother." How is Suresh related to that boy? A  B
Abhinav leaves his house and starts waling in How is girl’s brother related to boy’s sister?
Distance between M and Z = 19 + 12 = 31m (Suresh’s mother has one child only.) (+) (+) Ans: 4
the North direction. After 10m he turns left. 1) Sister 2) Sister-in-law
Ans: 1 Then he walks for 5m and turns right. He walks 1) Brother 2) Uncle 3) Cousin
3) Brother-in-law 4) Cousin
Directions (Qs. 4 - 7): Read the following infor-
mation carefully and answer the questions.
for 4m and then takes three consecutive left
turns and waked 9m, 14m, 10m respectively.
5) Cannot be determined
4) Father
Explanation:
5) Grandfather
(−)
¸ôí£æ¨ ví£AòÅ¡ ›í@ö˺x...
Finally, stops at point T. Explanation: (−) (+) Mother
A person start from his office travelled from
5m East and turn to North and travelled for 12m 8. How far is Abhinav from his starting point? Mother  Brother  V ò°uÙÚ ÓÞ¥bîªq
 
and took right turn 2m and turn right travelled
for 28m, take left turn moved for 7m and take
1) 5m
4) 14m
2) 9m 3) 4m
5) Cannot be determined Boy Girl
Suresh (+)

n Ú¥yÙæ¨ç˶æî¨ Ë Îí‡då«uèÂ
left turn travelled 16m. He stopped after travel- 9. In which direction is point T with respect to (+) (−) Boy V ð¼Múà í£K¤Ûõ ví£ê¶uÚÛÙ n ñóŸ«õ@
ling 4m right and 18m left respectively. the starting point? Ans: 4 (+) Ans: 4
GH