Física - Campo Elétrico I

Física 3 – Campos Elétricos
FÍSICA 3
GERMANO MAIOLI PENELLO
ANDRÉ SARAIVA
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Sejam bem-vindos ao módulo sobre Campos Elétricos do curso Física 3!
Ao final deste módulo, você deverá ser capaz de:

• entender o conceito de linhas de campo elétrico;
• determinar o campo elétrico devido a cargas pontuais;
• determinar o campo elétrico devido a uma distribuição contínua de cargas;
• compreender o dipolo elétrico.
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CAMPOS ELÉTRICOS
Neste módulo, você verá exemplos de:

• linhas de campos elétricos;
• campos elétricos de cargas pontuais;
• campos elétricos de distribuições contínuas de cargas;
• dipolos elétricos.
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CAMPOS ELÉTRICOS
CAMPO ELÉTRICO DE UMA DISTRIBUIÇÃO

CONTÍNUA DE CARGAS
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Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico de uma distribuição contínua de cargas
Veremos agora como calcular o campo de uma distribuição contínua de cargas.

Exemplo Campo no eixo central de um anel carregado de raio R.
z
q0
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Campos Elétricos
Veremos agora como calcular o campo de uma distribuição contínua de cargas.

Exemplo Campo no eixo central de um anel carregado de raio R.

R dF  q dQ
r̂ dF = k 0 2 rˆ
z r
q0
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Campos Elétricos
Relembrando o cálculo da força

R dF  1 q0 Q z
r̂ F= zˆ
z 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
q0
r Reveja a aula 4 para chegar neste resultado.
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Campos Elétricos
Relembrando o cálculo da força

R dF  1 q0 Q z
r̂ F= zˆ
z 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
q0 
 F 1 Qz
=
E = zˆ
r q0 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
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Campos Elétricos
Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

R dE
r̂
z
q0
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
q0
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
q0
Repetiremos as contas feitas na aula 4!
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
q0
Qual a simetria do problema? Qual a direção e o sentido do campo resultante?
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
q0
Campo resultante tem componente apenas no eixo z.
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
q0
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
α q0
r=
2
R2 + z 2
z
cos α =
R + z2
2
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Campos Elétricos

R dE  1 dQ
r̂ dE = rˆ
z 4πε 0 r 2
α q0
dQ
dEz = k cos α
R +z
2 2
r
r=
2
R2 + z 2
z
cos α =
R + z2
2
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Campos Elétricos
dQ
∫ dE z = ∫k
R +z
2 2
cos α

R dE
r̂
z
α q0
r=
2
R2 + z 2
z
cos α =
R + z2
2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
dQ
∫ dE = ∫k
R + z2
z cos α
2
 dQ λ=
= dL λ d λθ
R dE
r̂
z
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
dQ
∫ dE z = ∫k
R2 + z 2
cos α
 dQ λ=
= dL λ d λθ
R dE
λ Rdθ z
z
r̂ =Ez ∫k R 2
⋅
+ z 2 ( R 2 + z 2 )1/2
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
dQ
∫ dE
R2 + z 2
z = ∫k
cos α
 dQ λ=
= dL Rd λθ
R dE
λ Rdθ z
z
r̂ =Ez ∫ k 2 ⋅
R + z 2 ( R 2 + z 2 )1/2
α q0 λ Rdz
=Ez k 2 ⋅ 2π
r ( R + z 2 )3/2
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos

λ Rdz
dθ =Ez k ⋅ 2π
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2

R dE
r̂ λ ⋅ 2π R z
z Ez = k
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos

λ Rdz
dθ =Ez k ⋅ 2π
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
 Q
R dE
r̂ λ ⋅ 2π R z
z Ez = k
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos

λ Rdz
dθ =Ez k ⋅ 2π
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
1
 Q
R dE 4πε 0
r̂ λ ⋅ 2π R z
z Ez = k
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos

λ Rdz
dθ =Ez k ⋅ 2π
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
1
 Q
R dE 4πε 0
r̂ λ ⋅ 2π R z
z Ez = k
( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
α q0
r 1 Qz
Ez =
4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
1 Qz
Ez =
 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
R dE
r̂
z
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
1 Qz
Ez =
 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
R dE 
E = Ex xˆ + E y yˆ + Ez zˆ
0 0 0
r̂
z
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
1 Qz
Ez =
 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
R dE 
0 0 0
r̂
z
α q0
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
1 Qz
Ez =
 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
R dE 
0 0 0
r̂
z
α q0
 1 Qz
E= zˆ
r 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
r= R + z
2 2 2
z
cos α =
R +z
2 2
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Campos Elétricos
dθ
 1 Qz
E= zˆ
 4πε 0 ( R 2 + z 2 )3/2
R dE
r̂
z
α q0
Fizemos as contas sem nos preocupar com o sinal das cargas.

Se o anel tiver carga positiva, o campo terá o mesmo sentido de z.
Se o anel tiver carga negativa, o campo terá o sentido oposto ao de z.
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Nesta aula, vimos o cálculo do campo elétrico de uma distribuição contínua de cargas.
Observamos e determinamos:
• campo elétrico de um anel com distribuição de carga linear.
Na próxima aula, veremos como determinar o campo elétrico

produzido por um disco carregado!
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Física - Campo Elétrico I

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Física - Campo Elétrico I

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Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Sejam bem-vindos ao módulo sobre Campos Elétricos do curso Física 3!

Ao final deste módulo, você deverá ser capaz de:

Neste módulo, você verá exemplos de:

CAMPO ELÉTRICO DE UMA DISTRIBUIÇÃO

Veremos agora como calcular o campo de uma distribuição contínua de cargas.

Veremos agora como calcular o campo de uma distribuição contínua de cargas.

Relembrando o cálculo da força

r Reveja a aula 4 para chegar neste resultado.

Relembrando o cálculo da força

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Repetiremos as contas feitas na aula 4!

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Qual a simetria do problema? Qual a direção e o sentido do campo resultante?

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Campo resultante tem componente apenas no eixo z.

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Calculando diretamente o campo elétrico:

Fizemos as contas sem nos preocupar com o sinal das cargas.

Na próxima aula, veremos como determinar o campo elétrico

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