Você está na página 1de 8

Aula

DIÓGENES DE SÍNOPE
9
E O CINISMO

META
Apresentar o Cinismo e algumas idéias de Diógenes, o Cínico

OBJETIVOS
.L- +#$23  4+ . +4-.#$5$1<
".-'$"$1.(-(2,.L+.2GL".
compreender o método educacional dos cínicos;
saber sobre Diógenes de Sínope e seu caráter crítico;e
conhecer a crítica de Diógenes à crença de que os bens materiais e o
poder trazem felicidade a quem os possui.

PRÉ-REQUISITOS
.-'$"(,$-3.22.!1$1(23G3$+$2$24 2(#C( 2 1$2/$(3.#.22.L2, 2
 !,*$4

 !FD

,C7c>\89J9H9FCIJ=8C:5@5F89=f;9B9G5EI9@9EI9[@IN8C8=5
Irreverência 7CAIA5@5BH9FB5579G55BIB7=CID9@5GFI5G9GH5F6IG75B8CIAJ9F8589=FC
Os cínicos são famo- <CA9A#5G5sB5@CEI9:9N9GG9<CA9AD5F5G9F5=B85@9A6F58CBCG8=5G
sos por seus ditos ir- 89<C>9H9B8CJ=J=8C<\IBG 

5BCGADF=A9=FC@I;5FG5=65EI99@9
reverentes. Por exem- bIAs@fGC:C7dB=7CCEI9G=;B=s75=GGC)9JC7c7CBGI@H5FC8=7=CB\F=C
plo: Diógenes, ao ver J9F\7CACG=;B=s758C89q7dB=7Cr5@;C7CACq89G75F58CsB;=8CrGG=A
guardas levando um
ladrão que havia rou-
q7dB=7CrBCGBCGGCG8=5Gb5@;IbA8=GG=AI@58CCI=BGC@9BH9&CFbACG
bado um vaso, disse: s@fGC:CG859G7C@5s@CGfs757dB=7585BH=;I=85897CA79FH9N5B^C9F5A
“Lá vão os grandes 8=GG=AI@58CGDC=GG975F57H9F=N5J5ADCF8=N9FCEI9@<9GD5GG5J5D9@57569_5
ladrões levando o G9AD5D5GB5@dB;I5=FF9J9FcB7=5DCFbA9F5@<9GIA5:CFH975F57H9FdGH=75
pequeno ladrão!” GG=ACG7dB=7CG89F5AIAD5GGC5@bA89)f7F5H9GDC=G9GG9G97CBH9BH5J5
7CA5=FCB=55C56CF85FG9IG=BH9F@C7IHCF9GB5=BH9B_^C89:5Nc@CG:5@5F
A5=G:\7=@97CBs5BH9A9BH9D5F55GG=ADC89FF9:IH\@CG

CBH9<HHD KKK6D 6@C;;9F7CA

60
Diógenes de sínope e o cinismo
Aula

LK 9
WG9=FgB=7CEI5B8CCG9BH=8CF95@8CEI9G98=NbC7CBHF\F=C8C@=H
9F5@)f7F5H9G9F5=FgB=7CEI5B8C5CHF5H5F7CA5@;IbAEI9G97CBG=89F5J5
G\6=C8=N=5EI9F9FCIJ=FGI5GqG\6=5GD5@5JF5GrGC6F9IA89H9FA=B58CH9A5 Diógenes
D5F59BH^C5HF5JbG8C8=\@C;CACGHF5F5CEI9G9GIDIB<5G\6=CEI99@9B^C
Filósofo cínico
G56=5CEI9>I@;5J5G569F \IA7dB=7CJ5=8=F9HC5CDCBHC9AGI5G7FdH=75G
grego nascido em
85GCD=B=h9G9AC8CG89G9F8CG89A5=G9@9GG^CF95@A9BH989G5:CF58CG Sinope (413/323
;FCGG9=FCG5HF9J=8CG9AGI5G7FdH=75G&C89ACG8=N9FEI99GG5=FF9J9FcB7=5 a.C.). Também con-
bD5F59@9GIADF=B7dD=C98I757=CB5@IAAC8C89:5N9FCGCIJ=BH9G;F5J5F hecido como Dió-
9A89:5HC57FdH=759F9t9H=FGC6F99@5CEI9F5F5A9BH957CBH979EI5B8C genes o Cão, é uma
BCG@=A=H5ACG57CBJ9FG5F89AC8Cq7=J=@=N58Cr das figuras mais
significativas e um
9:5HCCG7dB=7CGD9F7969F5AF5D=85A9BH9EI9B9AG9ADF97CBG9;I=
símbolo da história
ACGDFC;F9GGC7CAC8=\@C;C9GD97=5@A9BH9EI5B8CHF5H5ACG7CAD9GGC5G do cinismo.
AI=HCH9=ACG5GEI9G957<5AG5698CF5G8CEI9B^CG569A5FFC;5BH9G
9 D9GGC5G =B:5BH=G=A697=GGG=A D5F5 CG 7dB=7CG C A9@<CFAC8C 89
G97<9;5F5C7CF5_^C85A5=CF=585GD9GGC5Gb5HF5JbG89IA56C5H=F585
9GD97=5@A9BH99ADk6@=7CBfGHC8CG57<5ACG9B;F5_585G9GG5GH=F585G
DC=G9A8=J9FGCGG9BH=8CGGCACGH5A6bA=A697=G=B:5BH=G5FFC;5BH9G9
H9=ACGCGH5@EI5@;F5B89D5FH985<IA5B=8589)9;I95EI=IA9L9AD@C
8=GGC79FH5J9N .X,*3*8:C=[75G589IA<CA9AF=7CEI9=BG=GH9BH9A9BH9
@<9ACGHF5J5G9IGF=7CGC6>9HCG98=N=55=f;9B9GEI99GG9B^C7IGD=GG99A
GI575G5DCFG9F9A75FdGG=ACGCGC6>9HCGEI9@\9GH5J5AA89H9FA=B58C
ACA9BHC=f;9B9G>IBHCIIA56C5EI5BH=858989G5@=J59AGI56C759
89IIA569@59G75FF585BCFCGHC8C;F9;CF=7C9GG9s7CI9GHID9:5HCD9F
;IBH5B8C5=f;9B9GDCFEI9@<9sN9F5H5@I@HF5>99C6H9J97CACF9GDCGH5
EI9G9IFCGHC:C=C@I;5FA5=GGI>CEI9=f;9B9G9B7CBHFCIB5EI9@575G5
*FC75B8C9AA=k8CG=f;9B9GDC89F=5H9F:9=HCIA69@C8=\@C;C7CAC
;F9;CF=7CD5F5ACGHF5F@<9CEI5BHC9F5HC@55 489*39&RQ4EI9A9L=69
Ostentação
G9IGC6>9HCG9D9BG59GH5F9L=6=B8C5G=A9GACbIAHC@CDC=G7FcG9F9A
GI5G5GEI5@=8589GEI9B5J9F8589G^C8CGC6>9HCG7CA9GG55H=HI899@9 Ostentar é exibir-se,
J5@CF=N5A5=G5G7C=G5GEI95G=A9GAC=f;9B9GDC89F=5H9F8=HC=GGCHI8C mostrar-se em razão
A5G:9NA9@<CFGI57IGD5F5857CACF9GDCGH5:9NA5=G9:9=HC7CAA9BCG de riqueza, beleza
D5@5JF5GDfGCIJ=FIA69@C8=G7IFGC7CBHF55CGH9BH5_^CJC7cDC899J9B física ou outra quali-
HI5@A9BH99GEI979F99A;9F5@9GEI9795GF5Nh9GD9@5GEI5=GB^CG989J9 dade assim.
CGH9BH5FA5G7CAC9GEI979FC9GG9B7=5@EI9F8=N9FCEI9<\89F=8d7I@C9
=FF57=CB5@B5CGH9BH5_^C89DC=G89G9CIJ=FGC6F957IGD5F58589=f;9B9G Antístenes
%=B=GACH9J97CACDF97IFGCF 39V89*3*85A=;C89)f7F5H9G9b
IA59G7C@5GC7F\H=7589D9BG5A9BHC%DF=A9=FC8CG7dB=7CG:C==f;9B9G Antístenes viveu en-
9AI=HCGCIHFCGs@fGC:CG7dB=7CG<CIJ9DCFEI5G9A=@5BCG5HbCACJ= tre 444 e 365 a.C. Foi
A9BHCG9FDFC=6=8CDCF:CF_5G7CBG9FJ58CF5GEI9B^C5DC=5J5A5@=69F8589 grande amigo tanto
de Sócrates quanto
899LDF9GG^C97CBG9El9BH9A9BH9CDFfDF=C=B=GAC%H9FACq7dB=7Cr
de Xenofonte.
J9A85D5@5JF5;F9;5?IfBEI9G=;B=s75q7^CrDFCJ5J9@A9BH9DCF75IG5
85=89BH=s75_^C89=f;9B9G7CACG7^9GGC6F9CEI9:5@5F9ACG58=5BH9

61
 !,*$4

=f;9B9GB5G79I<\79F75898C=GA=@9EI5HFC79BHCG5BCGB5Fb7=5B5
7=8589;F9;589)dBCD9)9;IB8C5GBCHd7=5GEI9BCG7<9;5F5A85BH=;l=
Diógenes Laércio
85899F5s@<C89IA65BEI9=FC89BCA9=7bG=5G9G9J=I>IBH5A9BH97CA
G9ID5=9BJC@J=8CBIA9G7]B85@CsB5B79=FC)9ID5=9F5C58A=B=GHF58CF8C
%@#-"* *. D'@.* 65B7CDk6@=7C89)dBCD99:C=9B75FF9;58C85H5F9:589F9H=F5FAC985:5@G5
fos gregos ilustres, 897=F7I@5_^CBHF9H5BHC9AJ9N8=GGC=7bG=5GF9H=FCI5AC985J9F8589=F5
natural da Cilícia 7CAC:5@G5G9B8C89G7C69FHC989G5D5F979B8C8979B59DC=G=GGC=f;9B9G
(225-300 d.C.). :C=65B=8C89)dBCD99D5F55d>5A5=GJC@HCIHCFB5B8CG989G899BH^CIA
s@fGC:C5B85F=@<C5dJ9A5A=GG^C[EI5@=f;9B9GG9DFCDh9F9H=F5F5
:5@G5AC985897=F7I@5_^CEI9F8=N9F5HF5JbG89IA55H=HI89F=;CFCG5A9BH9
7FdH=75ACGHF5F5CG<CA9BG5:5@G=8589895sFA5_h9GACF5=GEI95A5=CF=5
HCA5DCFJ9F8589=F5GDCF9L9AD@CEI95DCGG98969BGA5H9F=5=GHCFB5CG9F
<IA5BC:9@=NEI9CDC89FCIC7CBH5HC7CACGDC89FCGCGHF5N:9@=7=8589
)9;IB8C .X,*3*8&T7(.4C5@9L5B8F=BCEI99G7F9J9I56=C;F5s5
8CGs@fGC:CG7b@96F9G85BH=;l=8589=f;9B9GH9F=55C7<9;5F5H9B5G
7CB<97=8C BHdGH9B9G  =f;9B9G H9F=5 7CBEI=GH58C 5 5A=N589 89 B
HdGH9B9GEI9B^CEI9F=58=G7dDI@CB9B<IADCF=BG=GHcB7=55=B85EI99GH9C
F9D9@=GG95;C@D9G8965GH^C8=N9B8Cq5H9DC=GB^C9B7CBHF5F\GA589=F5
8IF5C65GH5BH97CA5EI5@A95:5GH9GB5A98=859AEI99ID9BG5F9GH5F9G
8=N9B8C5@;CEI99IEI9=F5CIJ=FrC>9DCFbAG569G9EI9=f;9B9GB^C
7CB<979I89:5HCBHdGH9B9G=f;9B9G7<9;CI5H9B5G89DC=G85ACFH9
89GH9A5Gb79FHCEI9BHdGH9B9G5BH97=DCIG9B8CDCF=GGC7CBG=89F58CC
DF97IFGCF8C7=B=GAC7CAC8=G7dDI@C9LHF9A58C89)f7F5H9GJ\F=5G=8b=5G
EI9G9F=5A89G9BJC@J=85GDCF=f;9B9G9D9@CG89A5=G7dB=7CG
%=B=GACH9J9=f;9B9G89)dBCD97CACG9I:IB858CF9=GGCG989I
G9>5D9@5=BtIcB7=58CGH9LHCG89.9BC:CBH9CIBHdGH9B9GGC6F9CD9BG5
A9BHC89)f7F5H9GG9>5DCFIA5=BGD=F5_^CDFfDF=5CF=;=B5@EI99B7CBHFCI
97C9GIGH9BH5_^CB5G=8b=5GGC7F\H=75G&5GG9ACG=A98=5H5A9BH95;CF5[G
=8b=5G89=f;9B9G9895@;IBG8CG7dB=7CGEI5BHC5CAC8C89G9FEI9C
<CA9A89J9G9;I=FD5F5G9F:9@=N
\A9B7=CB5ACG5BH9F=CFA9BH95=89BH=s75_^C89=f;9B9G7CACG7^9G
=GHCG989J95CAC8C89J=85DFfDF=C8CG7dB=7CG)9;I=8CF9G89)f7F5H9G897=
89A@9J5FJ=8556GC@IH5A9BH9G=AD@9GDC=GEI9F9AACGHF5F5CG<CA9BGEI9CG
69BGA5H9F=5=GB^CHF5N9A5:9@=7=8589CAC89@CA\L=ACEI9C<CA9ADC89
5GD=F5FbC8C5B=A5@DC=G9GG9DF97=G589AI=HCDCI7C9GH5B8CDCFH5BHCA5=G
DFfL=AC899IGEI9DCFG9FD9F:9=HCB^CB979GG=H589B585GG=A=f;9B9G
H9F\CAdB=ACDCGGdJ9@8969BGIAA5BHC7CACEI5@G9J9GH=F\IA65GH^C
BCEI5@G95DC=5F\B5J9@<=79D5F575A=B<5F9IA5@:CF>9BCEI5@7C@C75F\CG
5@=A9BHCGG=AD@9G7CACGEI5=GJ=J9:FIH5GG975GD^CIA575B9759IADF5HC
GH9DF5HC99GH575B975=f;9B9G9J9BHI5@A9BH9565B8CB5F\9GH5B8CIA8=5
5DCBHC89D9;5F\;I5BIA5:CBH9JcIA;5FCHC6969B8C\;I57CA5GA^CG
9A7CB7<59>C;5:CF5GI575B9757CBG=89F5B8C5GIDbFtI59GH5B8CCIHFC
8=55DCBHC899B7<9FG9IDF5HC7CA@9BH=@<5GJcIA;5FCHC7CA9B8C5GGC6F9
IAD985_C89D^C95H=F5:CF5H5A6bACDF5HCD9@5A9GA5F5N^C8575B975

62
Diógenes de sínope e o cinismo
Aula

=f;9B9GG9I65FF=@GI5@5BH9FB59CG7^9GCBH9<HHD KKKs@CGCsL6F6=N

@bA89ACGHF5FEI9CG69BGA5H9F=5=GG^CGIDbFtICGD5F55:9@=7=8589
9@989ACBGHF5EI9H5A6bAC DC89F Cb ,5= 5@bA ACGHF5 EI9 CDC89F
H5BHC9@9A9GACEI5BHC57CBJ=JcB7=57CACGDC89FCGCGDC89F9H=F5F
8C<CA9AHC855GI5@=69F8589GG=AF9N55@9B859GH5B8CIA8=5=f
;9B9G@5J5B8C5@:579GBIA5:CBH9D5F5;5B<5FIBGHFC758CGD5GG5DCF9@9
&@5H^C98=Nq)9<CBF5GG9GCH=F5BC=CBdG=CB^CH9F=5GEI9@5J5F5@:579Gr
5CEI9=f;9B9GF9GDCB89Iq)99IB^C@5J5GG95@:579G9IH9F=589<CBF5F
=CB=GCrEI9F8=N9FA5=GJ5@9H9F@=69F85898=;B=85899IA5C7ID5_^C
G=AD@9GEI9J=J9F7CAC9G7F5JC89IA<CA9ADC89FCGCD5F5C6H9F:5JCF9G
'I5BHC5=GGCIA5J9N@9L5B8F9CF5B899GH5J5B5A9GA57=8589CB89
9GH5J5=f;9B9G9F9GC@J9I=FJc@CC7<9;5F>IBHC89=f;9B9G@5B_CI
GI5GCA6F5GC6F9Cq^CrEI99GH5J59GH9B8=8CBC7<^CHCA5B8C65B<C
89GC@BH^C@9L5B8F9D9F;IBHCIq=f;9B9G8=NA9CEI9EI9F9G9H9
85F9=r=f;9B9GF9GDCB89Iq)5=85:F9BH98C)C@rEI9F8=N9Fq$^CEI9FC
B58589H=DC=G5G7C=G5GEI9HIA989F9GA97IGH5F^CIA5@HCDF9_C5
@=69F858989=L5A9G=AD@9GA9BH9HCA5FA9I65B<C89GC@7CA8=;B=8589
9G9A89J9FB5855B=B;IbAr

63
 !,*$4

3)&,&7&2:2&;*?&.X,*3*85476:&17&?Q4*1*(-&2&;&
&8.57X57.4)*(Q4&46:**1*7*8543)*: \476:*74834
5&7&486:*2*&'477*(*2*&'&34&(&:)&5&7&486:*2*
&,7&)&2](Q49473&8*24)*145&7&4-42*23&2*).)&
*26:*3Q43*(*88.9&)*2:.9&8(4.8&83Q4':8(&3&)&)*
8:5T7_:4**89O51*3&2*39*+*1.?(424*88*3(.&15&7&&;.)&
O,:&(42.)&:21:,&75&7&)472.7&2.,48*8*=4 88.2
5&7&48(V3.(484-42*2*28:&':8(&5*1&8&'*)47.&)*
;.)&)*;*9473&78*\(Q4]3&2*).)&)45488V;*1

&FC7IFCIA<CA9AJ9F8589=FC

!D

%G7dB=7CGDFCDh9A5G=A9GACG5A=GG^C89ACGHF5F5CG<CA9BGEI9
CG69BGA5H9F=5=G9CDC89FB^CHF5N9A5:9@=7=8589J=J9B8C:9@=N9GG9A
9@9G)9;I=8CF9G89)f7F5H9GH=J9F5A9@9GA9GACGAI=HCG58A=F58CF9G9
G9;I=8CF9G$5BH=;l=8589H=J9F5A7CACG9;I=8CF9GCG9GHf=7CGGC6F9
CGEI5=G:5@5F9ACGB5DFfL=A55I@5&5F57CB7@I=FA5=GIA589=f;9B9G
+A8=59@95B85J59AD@9B5@IN8C8=57CAIA5@5BH9FB5579G5;F=H5B8C
q&FC7IFCIA<CA9A&FC7IFCIA<CA9ArEI9F8=N9FIA<CA9AJ9F
8589=FCEI9B^C:CGG99G7F5JCB9A8969BGA5H9F=5=GB9A8CDC89FDC=G
D5F5=f;9B9G9CG89A5=G7dB=7CGCEI975F57H9F=N5C<CA9A9:5N7CA

64
Diógenes de sínope e o cinismo
Aula

EI99@9F95@=N9GI5B5HIF9N5b5@=69F858989G9F5EI=@CEI9G9bD@9B5A9BH9
G9AH9A9F5GCD=B=h9G5@<9=5GG9AC7I@H5FGI5GDFfDF=5GJCBH589G9CD=B=h9G
DCFA98C8CGCIHFCG&CF=GGC5BH9G89A5=GB585D5F5G569FG95@;IbA
9
DC89F=5F95@A9BH9G9Fs@fGC:C=f;9B9GC9B75FF9;5J5895@;IA5A=GG^C
F=8d7I@5DCF9L9AD@C75FF9;5FIA;F5B89D9=L9CIIA5D5B9@57<9=589
@9BH=@<5G:IA9;5BH9G D9@5G FI5G89 IA 65=FFC @ILICGC G9 C 5GD=F5BH9 [
=@CGCs5s75GG97CAJ9F;CB<59G9F97IG5GG99F5@C;C8=GD9BG58CCAC
DC89898=75FG9[=@CGCs5[7FdH=7595IA5J=858957CF8C7CACD9BG5
A9BHC5@;IbAEI9H9A95GCD=B=h9G8CGCIHFCGBIA5EI9GH^CH^CG=AD@9G
EI5BHC75FF9;5FIAD9=L9CIIA5D5B9@5

!

qdB=7Cr BCG BCGGCG 8=5G b 5@;IbA 8=GG=AI@58C CI =BGC@9BH9 %G


7dB=7CGB5BH=;I=8589B^C9F5A8=GG=AI@58CGDC=G8=N=5A89AC8C=F
F9J9F9BH9CEI9@<9GD5GG5J5D9@57569_5%7=B=GACEI9H9J97CACDF97IF
GCFBHdGH9B9GIA5A=;C89)f7F5H9GbIA5s@CGCs5GC7F\H=75=f;9B9G
CDF=A9=FC8CG7dB=7CGB5G79I<\79F75898C=GA=@9EI5HFC79BHCG5BCG
B5Fb7=5B57=8589;F9;589)dBCD9)9;I=8CF9G89)f7F5H9GCG7dB=7CG
897=89A@9J5FJ=8556GC@IH5A9BH9G=AD@9GDC=GEI9F9AACGHF5F5CG<C
A9BGEI9CG69BGA5H9F=5=G9CDC89FB^CHF5N9A5:9@=7=8589%AC89@C
A\L=AC5EI9C<CA9ADC895GD=F5FbC8C5B=A5@DC=G9GG9DF97=G589
AI=HCDCI7C9GH5B8CDCFH5BHCA5=GDFfL=AC899IG

" 

LD@=EI97CA65G99AG9I9BH9B8=A9BHCGC6F99GH55I@5DCFEI5@F5N^C
bF=8d7I@55CGH9BH5_^C89F=EI9N5G
LD@=EI9DCFEI9D5F5CG7dB=7CGC75B8=85HC5s@fGC:CB^C89J9H9A9F
5CD=B=^C8CGCIHFCG

 B  " 

$55H=J=8589 D5FH=B8C8CEI9:C=8=HCB9GH55I@5JC7c89J98=N9F
EI95CGH9BH5_^CbF=8d7I@5DC=GEI9ACGH9BH58\A5=GJ5@CF[7C=G5
A5H9F=5@EI95G=A9GAC$55H=J=8589 JC7c89J9F\F9@5H5FEI9IA
<CA9ADF9C7ID58C7CA5GCD=B=h9G5@<9=5G89=L589G9F9@9A9GAC
DCF75IG589@5G9DCF=GGCB^CDC89G9Fs@fGC:CDC=G9GH9H9A7CAC
A=GG^C>IGH5A9BH9G9F9@9A9GAC9G9;I=FG9IDFfDF=CD9BG5A9BHC

65
 !,*$4

L$  !

$5 DFfL=A5 5I@5 :5@5F9ACG GC6F9 C GHC=7=GAC EI9 s@CGCs5G G9


7CA6=B5AB5GI5:CFA5_^C&CFEI9CGHC=7=GACDC89:CFA5F<CA9BG
7CF5>CGCG9D9FG9J9F5BH9G

I 

=f;9B9G "5bF7=C ".)&8 * )4:97.3&8 )48 ^1X84+48 .1:897*8 F5Gd@=5


+B 

66

Você também pode gostar