mates

Jesús Artázcoz Pérez-Nievas

December 2022

1 Introduction
v 2
a3 −b3 c −b1

+ 1
u
u a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u ((a1 −b1 )2 +(a 3 −b3)2 )

a3 −b3 c1 −b1


1−
a1 −b1 c3 −b3
(a2 − b2 )2 +
u
u  a3 −b3 c −b1
 2
u + 1
a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u 1+ a3 −b3

c1 −b1


u 1−
a1 −b1 c3 −b3 (a1 − b1 )2 + (a3 − b3 )2
d(r, A) = u
u v 2
+  a3 −b3 c1 −b1 2
a3 −b3 c −b1
 
+ 1 a1 −b1 + c3 −b3
u u
a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u u ((a −b )2 +(a −b )2 )
u 1 1 3 3 a3 −b3

c1 −b1

1+ a3 −b3

c −b

1 1
1−
u 1−
q
u a1 −b1 c3 −b3 (c2 −b2 )2 a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u u   a3 −b3 c1 −b1 2  +
u (c1 −b1 )2 +(c3 −b3 )2
+
a1 −b1

c3c−b−b
t 3 (a2 −b2 )2
u 1+

u a3 −b3 1 1
1−
u a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u1 + v  a3 −b3 c1 −b1 2
u u +
a1 −b1
u
u
u ((a −b )2 +(a −b )2 )
u 1 1 3 3 a3 −b3

c3c−b 3
1 −b1

(c2 −b2 )2
1−
u u a1 −b1 c3 −b3
u 1−u   a3 −b3 c −b1
2 
+ 1
a1 −b1 c3 −b3
t t
1+

(a2 −b2 )2 ((c1 −b1 )2 +(c3 −b3 )2 )
a3 −b3 c1 −b1
1−
a1 −b1 c3 −b3