Resultados de um certo experimento (2023−10−24)

Absorção de Raios-X

Neste experimento, para todas as coletas de dados, foi usado como monocromador um cristal de fluoreto de lítio (LiF), para o
qual a distância interplanar em questão é d = 201,4 pm.

Nas tabelas será utilizada a seguinte legenda

C: Contagem (número de pulsos).

t: tempo de contagem.
𝑅C : taxa de contagem corrigida levando-se em conta a radiação de fundo e “tempo morto” do contador.
𝑅fundo : taxa de contagem da radiação de fundo
𝑒: espessura da placa absorvedora.
: ângulo de Bragg.
lntcoef: logaritmo neperiano do coeficiente de transmissão
(𝑒): coeficiente de atenuação linear para a espessura e.
: densidade do material absorvedor
(𝑒)
: coeficiente mássico de absorção.


1
Os cálculos foram feitos da seguinte forma:

1 1 1 𝑅 (0)
 = 2𝑑 sen, 𝑅C = 𝑡 − 1 e (𝑒) = ( ) 𝑙𝑛 [ C (𝑒)],
− − 𝑒 𝑅 C
𝐶 𝑅fundo

onde  (= 100 s) é o “tempo morto" do tubo contador.

2
1. Determinação da atenuação em função da espessura

1a. Alumínio (medidas)

29
𝑈A = 25,0 kV, 𝑅fundo (𝑈A = 0) = s −1 .
100

 = 22,5   = 15,0   = 22,5   = 15,0 

 = 1,54 Å  = 1,04 Å  = 1,54 Å  = 1,04 Å

e (mm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s−1 ) 𝑅C (s−1 )

0 1 2098 10 3376

0,02 1 2834 10 3147

0,04 1 2761 10 2809

0,06 1 2508 10 2691

0,08 1 1911 10 2330

0,10 1 2027 10 2361

0,12 1 1601 10 2214

0,14 1 1268 10 1991

0,16 1 1020 10 1896

3
1a. Alumínio (cálculos do software)

mm s s s −1 s −1
e deltat1 C1 deltat2 C2 RC1 RC2 lntcoef1 lntcoef2
0 1 2098 10 3376 2654,7340361354 349,105586887 1,532107774E-14 -2,6534330289E-14
0,02 1 2834 10 3147 3954,4964833564 324,6353940037 0,3985088067 -0,0726717297
0,04 1 2761 10 2809 3813,7727074345 288,7285221121 0,3622744362 -0,1898875409
0,06 1 2508 10 2691 3347,2807337147 276,251729764 0,23180382 -0,2340619033
0,08 1 1911 10 2330 2362,1775401124 238,2684025655 -0,1167605949 -0,3819766375
0,1 1 2027 10 2361 2542,0403565716 241,5191047515 -0,0433774264 -0,368425839
0,12 1 1601 10 2214 1905,8892986501 226,1227705152 -0,3313957519 -0,4342963335
0,14 1 1268 10 1991 1451,8400877876 202,8546007583 -0,603512697 -0,5428849477
0,16 1 1020 10 1896 1135,5674526143 192,9742825463 -0,8492119907 -0,5928174887

4
5
1b. Zinco (medidas)

 = 1,54 Å  = 1,54 Å
e (mm) t (s) C 𝑅C (s−1 )

0 1 2143
0,025 1 2421
0,050 1 1201
0,075 10 5115
0,100 10 1995

1b. Zinco (cálculos do software)

mm s s −1
e deltat C RC lntcoef
0 1 2143 2727,2141280286 2,2204460493E-16
0,025 1 2421 3194,0628085841 0,1580130919
0,05 1 1201 1364,637824298 -0,692391559
0,075 10 5115 538,783607019 -1,6217218821
0,1 10 1995 203,2710343937 -2,5964956679

6
7
2. Determinação do coeficiente específico de absorção como função do comprimento de onda (Al, Sn, Cu e Ni).

Para os metais Al e Sn e Ni, estabeleça 𝑈A = 25,0 kV. Para o Cu, 𝑈A = 15,0 kV.

2a. Alumínio (medidas)

e = 0 mm e = 0,08 mm e = 0 mm e = 0,08 mm
  (1/3)
 (º)  (pm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s −1 ) 𝑅C (s −1 ) (cm2 /g) ( ) [(cm2 /g)(1/3) ]
 

8,0 10 1380 60 7951

9,0 10 2330 10 2410

10,0 10 2965 10 2830

11,0 10 3410 10 3050

12,0 10 3732 10 3270

13,0 10 3953 10 3085

14,0 10 3283 10 2437

15,0 10 3277 10 2329

16,0 10 3285 10 2093

17,0 10 2986 10 1866

18,0 10 2852 10 1591

19,0 10 2765 10 1473

20,0 1 1374 10 6016

8
2a. Alumínio (cálculos do software)

rad pm s s s −1 s −1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda deltat0 C0 deltate Ce RC0 RCe absorptionmcoef absmcoefexp1third
8 56,0589241167 10 1380 60 7951 139,6410400586 134,0063082798 1,9075701553 1,2402050813
9 63,0118014522 10 2330 10 2410 238,2684025655 246,661523509 -1,6033376507 --
10 69,9454847832 10 2965 10 2830 305,2698411286 290,9521445176 2,2247734653 1,3054550783
11 76,8578620428 10 3410 10 3050 352,7486084238 314,30514373 5,3441708248 1,7483435564
12 83,7468276538 10 3732 10 3270 387,3777524241 337,7643697558 6,3473416048 1,8515294491
13 90,6102831707 10 3953 10 3085 411,2793274357 318,0301690649 11,9084088041 2,2835888389
14 97,4461379185 10 3283 10 2437 339,1539362944 249,4973085029 14,2185052847 2,4226163724
15 104,2523096298 10 3277 10 2329 338,5125514773 238,1635755604 16,2839682056 2,5346621636
16 111,0267250787 10 3285 10 2093 339,367748918 213,4842876054 21,467260507 2,7792367393
17 117,7673207127 10 2986 10 1866 307,5006197465 189,8581563441 22,3323385921 2,8160783555
18 124,4720432813 10 2852 10 1591 293,2826848001 161,3821963678 27,6658714432 3,0244619016
19 131,138850461 10 2765 10 1473 284,072618216 149,2121585085 29,8194112461 3,100985162
20 137,7657114778 1 1374 10 6016 1592,5687905696 639,8189463055 42,2340840668 3,4824724818

9
10
2b. Estanho (medidas)

e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm

 (º)  (pm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s −1 ) 𝑅C (s −1 ) (cm2 /g) ()(1/3) (cm2 /g)(1/3)



8,0 10 2037 60 5390

9,0 10 2666 60 8472

10,0 10 3246 60 9403

11,0 10 3605 60 9099

12,0 10 3957 60 8340

13,0 10 3983 60 6923

14,0 10 3257 60 4378

15,0 10 3335 60 3536

16,0 10 3282 60 2976

17,0 10 2964 60 2463

18,0 10 2784 60 2084

19,0 10 2714 60 1764

20,0 1 1299 60 2842

11
2b. Estanho (cálculos do software)

rad pm s s s −1 s −1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda deltat0 C0 deltate Ce RC0 RCe absorptionmcoef absmcoefexp1third
8 56,0589241167 10 2037 60 5390 207,6456407634 90,3576429915 45,6021796585 3,5726888979
9 63,0118014522 10 2666 60 8472 273,6122251361 142,9322904497 35,5881202728 3,2892863532
10 69,9454847832 10 3246 60 9403 335,1999971709 158,9217722117 40,9029528492 3,4454944433
11 76,8578620428 10 3605 60 9099 373,6920446008 153,6951769254 48,6934548839 3,6516588415
12 83,7468276538 10 3957 60 8340 411,7129485986 140,6693263428 58,8575275118 3,8898603032
13 90,6102831707 10 3983 60 6923 414,5323667941 116,4401969425 69,5918693215 4,1132600495
14 97,4461379185 10 3257 60 4378 336,3751766677 73,2129850991 83,5719794453 4,3720678815
15 104,2523096298 10 3335 60 3536 344,7159399682 58,9926976709 96,7503588466 4,5907558343
16 111,0267250787 10 3282 60 2976 339,0470332986 49,5572339117 105,3935436133 4,7235806584
17 117,7673207127 10 2964 60 2463 305,1636376593 40,9291964256 110,1065708776 4,7929667086
18 124,4720432813 10 2784 60 2084 286,0826051513 34,5643858525 115,8312373659 4,8746327121
19 131,138850461 10 2714 60 1764 278,681272144 29,1966824609 123,6442862313 4,9818580701
20 137,7657114778 1 1299 60 2842 1492,6418385039 47,3020861443 189,1783665389 5,7405982871

12
13
2c. Cobre (medidas)

e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm

 (º)  (pm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s −1 ) 𝑅C (s −1 ) (cm2 /g) ()(1/3) (cm2 /g)(1/3)



12,0 100 6672 100 1701

13,0 100 9748 100 2041

14,0 100 9699 100 1751

15,0 60 6441 100 1467

16,0 60 6973 100 1246

17,0 60 6905 100 953

18,0 60 6678 100 750

19,0 60 6737 100 651

19,2 60 6530 100 577

19,4 60 6357 100 580

19,6 60 6125 100 535

19,8 60 5896 100 544

14
2c. Cobre (medidas)

e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm

 (º)  (pm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s −1 ) 𝑅C (s −1 ) (cm2 /g) ()(1/3) (cm2 /g)(1/3)



20,0 60 8036 100 1890

20,2 10 4480 60 9234

20,4 10 5328 10 2180

20,6 10 4301 10 1824

20,8 10 1932 60 5184

21,0 60 6296 60 2568

21,2 60 5709 60 2225

21,4 100 9361 100 3473

21,6 100 9944 100 3576

21,8 100 9850 100 3500

22,0 100 9375 100 3417

22,2 60 6683 100 3488

22,4 10 8496 10 2605

22,6 1 1846 10 6747

22,8 1 1618 10 5982

23,0 10 9530 10 3667

15
2c. Cobre (medidas)

e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm e = 0 mm e = 0,025 mm

 (º)  (pm) t (s) C t (s) C 𝑅C (s −1 ) 𝑅C (s −1 ) (cm2 /g) ()(1/3) (cm2 /g)(1/3)



23,2 60 9175 100 5485

23,4 100 6863 100 2052

23,6 100 6133 100 1790

23,8 100 5673 100 1611

24,0 100 5380 100 1469

24,2 100 6099 100 1590

24,4 100 7475 100 1866

24,6 100 6761 100 1725

24,8 100 5684 100 1396

25,0 100 4301 100 1071

16
2c. Cobre (cálculos do software)
rad pm s s s −1 s −1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)
teta lambda deltat0 C0 deltate Ce RC0 RCe absorptionmcoef absmcoefexp1third
12 83,7468276538 100 6672 100 1701 66,878137459 16,7489749004 61,8096010255 3,9538359579
13 90,6102831707 100 9748 100 2041 98,1495807044 20,1617335952 70,6565275623 4,1341296912
14 97,4461379185 100 9699 100 1751 97,6499108668 17,2507053796 77,3899870682 4,2614911549
15 104,2523096298 60 6441 100 1467 108,2248991221 14,4015440973 90,0391085448 4,4820537682
16 111,0267250787 60 6973 100 1246 117,2931707705 12,1855361182 101,09048435 4,6583998072
17 117,7673207127 60 6905 100 953 116,133161571 9,2490823432 112,9559436086 4,8339597431
18 124,4720432813 60 6678 100 750 112,2627032708 7,2156208117 122,5264935965 4,9667999539
19 131,138850461 60 6737 100 651 113,2683965467 6,2242323605 129,5227711572 5,0595905864
19,2 132,4674831319 60 6530 100 577 109,7408271838 5,4833228019 133,7683125608 5,114278997
19,4 133,7945017284 60 6357 100 580 106,7945525127 5,513357542 132,3095145955 5,0956199045
19,6 135,1198900811 60 6125 100 535 102,8461734462 5,0628553719 134,4332046131 5,1227384619
19,8 136,4436320407 60 5896 100 544 98,9518751657 5,1529525605 131,9224892585 5,0906465658
20 137,7657114778 60 8036 100 1890 135,4614899917 18,6457802303 88,529800618 4,4568685852
20,2 139,0861122832 10 4480 60 9234 468,7217168829 156,0155338857 49,1095383779 3,6620304454
20,4 140,4048183683 10 5328 10 2180 562,49518679 222,5683027736 41,3905599986 3,4591317277
20,6 141,721813665 10 4301 10 1824 449,1399751842 185,4987790735 39,4770664146 3,4049830742
20,8 143,0370821262 10 1932 60 5184 196,7161505815 86,8629935265 36,4923990797 3,3169134436
21 144,3506077258 60 6296 60 2568 105,7561021095 42,6939629873 40,4945531792 3,4339887688
21,2 145,6623744588 60 5709 60 2225 95,7740410201 36,9313541426 42,5415527537 3,4909029815
21,4 146,9723663418 100 9361 100 3473 94,2045551997 34,5610292435 44,7652594756 3,5506977264
21,6 148,280567413 100 9944 100 3576 100,1487546496 35,5983282818 46,1766941431 3,5876297165
21,8 149,5869617323 100 9850 100 3500 99,1898683761 34,8329218457 46,7175404529 3,6015821352
22 150,8915333818 100 9375 100 3417 94,3472155645 33,9971508128 45,5671892021 3,5717748919
22,2 152,1942664656 60 6683 100 3488 112,3479237576 34,7120788702 52,4336070405 3,7428570884
22,4 153,4951451103 10 8496 10 2605 928,1939922892 267,1775207237 55,5949752348 3,8166164138
22,6 154,7941534652 1 1846 10 6747 2263,6295402775 723,2255889432 50,9376608893 3,7069181714
22,8 156,0912757023 1 1618 10 5982 1930,0368825466 635,9711330733 49,5598757939 3,6731900828
23 157,3864960165 10 9530 10 3667 1053,0978549699 380,3687481945 45,4620654165 3,5690260747
23,2 158,679798626 60 9175 100 5485 155,0013215098 54,8625031155 46,3662290603 3,5925315607
23,4 159,9711677723 100 6863 100 2052 68,8142541437 20,2721852111 54,5607654448 3,7928018269
23,6 161,2605877205 100 6133 100 1790 61,4184495625 17,642090046 55,6885153839 3,8187557369
23,8 162,5480427593 100 5673 100 1611 56,7636570338 15,8459866778 56,9633936684 3,8476770981
24 163,8335172016 100 5380 100 1469 53,8010012216 14,4216029468 58,7752138402 3,8880461028
24,2 165,1169953843 100 6099 100 1590 61,0742522153 15,6353128506 60,8284987954 3,9328045728
24,4 166,3984616686 100 7475 100 1866 75,0229559987 18,4048762445 62,7311832095 3,9733896822
24,6 167,6779004402 100 6761 100 1725 67,7802143659 16,989799258 61,7704110954 3,9530001476
24,8 168,9552988093 100 5684 100 1396 56,8749170259 13,6895069933 63,5814639245 3,9912614216
25 170,2306358292 100 4301 100 1071 42,9057766614 10,4314742977 63,1329848352 3,9818549983
17
18
 Resultados de um certo experimento (2004−8−11)
Absorção de Raios-X
1. Determinação da atenuação em função da espessura

Neste experimento, para todas as coletas de dados, foi usado como monocromador um cristal de fluoreto de lítio (LiF), para o
qual a distância interplanar em questão é d = 201,4 pm.

Tempo de contagem do contador de Geiger-Muller: t (s) = 10 s;

31 −1
Radiação de fundo: 𝑅fundo (𝑈A = 0) = s .
100

Nas tabelas será utilizada a seguinte legenda

cps: taxa de contagem (número de pulsos por segundo).

netcps: taxa de contagem corrigida levando-se em conta a radiação de fundo e “tempo morto” ( = 100 s) do contador.
tcoef (= cnetcps2/cnetcps1): coeficiente de transmissão

𝑒: espessura da placa absorvedora.

: ângulo de Bragg.
(𝑒): coeficiente de atenuação linear para a espessura e.
: densidade do material absorvedor
(𝑒)
, mabs: coeficiente mássico de absorção.


(e) 1/3
[ ] , root3mabs: raiz cúbica do coeficiente mássico de absorção


19
1a. Alumínio (medidas)

𝑈A = 25,0 kV

1a. Alumínio (cálculos do software)

mm s −1 s −1 s −1 s −1
e cps1.54 cps1.04 netcps1.54 netcps1.04
0 2691 287,3 3681,2755326805 295,5226830956
0,02 2573 260,1 3463,9153604425 266,7717984099
0,04 2266 246,3 2929,4851737594 252,2462671571
0,06 1960 220,2 2437,4087405134 224,8861458928
0,08 1437 202,1 1677,7956058791 205,9978608228
0,1 1482 207,5 1739,4867026834 211,625731663
0,12 1198 182,5 1360,7187245094 185,6227897199
0,14 979 167,8 1084,9260524583 170,3947943851
0,16 777 147,6 842,1534251447 149,5433720437

20
21
1b. Zinco (medidas)

𝑈A = 25,0 kV

1b. Zinco (cálculos do software)

mm s −1 s −1
e cps1.54 netcps1.54
0 2648 3601,2600207283
0,025 1912 2363,5985984625
0,05 914,8 1006,5973544543
0,075 389,3 404,787867185
0,1 149,8 151,8101692713

22
23
3. Determinação do coeficiente específico de absorção como função do comprimento de onda (Al, Sn, Cu e Ni).

Para os metais Al e Sn e Ni, estabeleça 𝑈A = 25,0 kV. Para o Cu, 𝑈A = 15,0 kV.

2a. Alumínio (medidas)

𝑈A = 25,0 kV.

2a. Alumínio (cálculos do software)

 Å s −1 s −1 s −1 s −1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda cps0mm cps0,08mm netcps0 netcps0,08 mabs root3mabs
8 0,5605892507 142,2 131,6 143,9837047046 133,0879774964 3,6443931515 1,5388929402
9 0,6301180252 226,7 202,2 231,6863046832 206,1020242783 5,4192762156 1,7564957193
10 0,6994548596 297,9 248,3 306,7707238239 254,3488693555 8,6788539556 2,0550424316
11 0,7685786334 328 280,6 338,8453163997 288,4257268258 7,4613793372 1,9540681528
12 0,8374682906 371,3 306,8 385,3375650122 316,2338318825 9,1532895571 2,0918268527
13 0,9061028469 372 282,7 386,0926065561 290,6490929822 13,1511939866 2,3604151565
14 0,9744613955 316,8 231,3 326,8872902867 236,5041928721 14,9893246035 2,4656268734
15 1,0425231137 321,5 221,8 331,9020205068 226,5591923473 17,6840293052 2,6053160122
16 1,1102672692 312,7 202,3 322,5167121546 206,2061898599 20,7150039679 2,7463866137
17 1,1776732266 294,2 184,8 302,8417298059 188,0095278265 22,078440334 2,805365576
18 1,2447204533 264,4 155,5 271,3062841906 157,6879477001 25,1310817475 2,9291193037
19 1,3113885262 267,7 134,3 274,7889558348 135,8610819424 32,6218257838 3,1952346318
20 1,3776571373 1652 815 1978,54403193 887,0080977566 37,1555392804 3,3368846158

24
25
2b. Estanho (medidas)

𝑈A = 25,0 kV.

2b. Estanho (cálculos do software)

 Å s −1 s −1 s −1 s −1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda cps0mm cps0,025mm netcps0 netcps0,025 mabs root3mabs
8 0,5605892507 136,8 90,07 138,4301249257 90,6238931847 23,2186662929 2,8528510013
9 0,6301180252 223,2 129,2 228,0235571839 130,6242693287 30,5340302286 3,1255614643
10 0,6994548596 277,6 146,4 285,251155548 148,3073638148 35,848028991 3,2972744251
11 0,7685786334 316 142 326,0342039557 143,777908069 44,8718892935 3,5535147177
12 0,8374682906 351,7 137,1 364,2408815409 138,7384976012 52,9006117629 3,7539362937
13 0,9061028469 358,2 105,5 371,2277251957 106,359325542 68,5077531384 4,0917891025
14 0,9744613955 318,8 69,27 329,0206229226 69,4895473664 85,2210944208 4,4006385854
15 1,0425231137 318,1 59,7 328,273856247 59,7954240003 93,3310890778 4,5360250529
16 1,1102672692 315,7 50,1 325,7143329176 50,0896467996 102,6091407314 4,6816112736
17 1,1776732266 289,1 40,38 297,4309969149 40,2816098186 109,5740009965 4,7852265823
18 1,2447204533 274 34,07 281,4442550374 33,9246994087 115,9591721181 4,8764267171
19 1,3113885262 258,9 29,47 265,5070749875 29,2955723669 120,8048392671 4,9434268331
20 1,3776571373 1766 61,03 2144,3821302704 61,1415572434 194,9695797681 5,7985884374

26
27
2c. Cobre (medidas)

𝑈A = 15,0 kV.

28
2c. Cobre (cálculos do software)

 Å s −1 s −1 s −1 s−1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda cps0mm cps0,025mm netcps0 netcps0,025 mabs root3mabs
12 0,8374682906 39,55 11,09 39,3240322343 10,721482708 58,0172491439 3,8712603343
13 0,9061028469 71,75 16,32 71,8830291793 15,9654489256 67,1702347351 4,0649850746
14 0,9744613955 82 14,49 82,2916645662 14,1299373416 78,6595562143 4,2846678811
15 1,0425231137 94,13 12,82 94,6372239748 12,4554946353 90,5307600467 4,4901969323
16 1,1102672692 99,97 11,25 100,5917936732 10,8818285476 99,284660186 4,6304946267
17 1,1776732266 99,17 8,67 99,7756839821 8,296878112 111,0288032678 4,8063111899
18 1,2447204533 94,88 6,35 95,4015445964 5,973566219 123,6942260438 4,9825287024
19 1,3113885262 95,48 5,34 96,013084433 4,9624613808 132,2581524362 5,094960451
19,2 1,3246748531 93,78 5,63 94,280580623 5,2527576978 128,9072331286 5,051562868
19,4 1,3379450392 92,11 5,71 92,5792292701 5,332842405 127,418769209 5,0320444481
19,6 1,351198923 98,18 9,41 98,7659308033 9,0381614598 106,7543276777 4,7438232205
19,8 1,3644363427 271 95,93 278,1472200695 96,4717879337 47,2723182826 3,6157825155
20 1,3776571373 453,4 203,6 474,5165486887 207,4355043188 36,9408939599 3,3304465417
20,2 1,3908611456 406,9 181,9 423,7461275783 184,8758667329 37,0290138823 3,3330926213
20,4 1,4040482066 258,2 110 264,6430265095 110,8349729737 38,8544412067 3,3869872034
20,6 1,4172181598 103,4 44,74 104,0923594874 44,5576577699 37,8792208174 3,358409726
20,8 1,4303708446 85,4 35,03 85,7490383238 34,7704797122 40,2971485915 3,4283996249
21 1,4435061008 83,56 32,36 83,8776946642 32,0826001553 42,9038343743 3,500784433
21,2 1,4566237683 87,63 32,59 88,017956672 32,3140836635 44,7338252153 3,5498664293
21,4 1,4697236873 83,85 31,23 84,172588597 30,945466765 44,6715534985 3,5482184673
21,6 1,4828056982 82,26 30 82,5559682682 29,7079950814 45,6276902829 3,5733549811
21,8 1,4958696416 82,61 29,83 82,9117835965 29,536986425 46,0774079998 3,5850565749
22 1,5089153583 441,6 143,5 461,5861019921 145,1980748472 51,6325786933 3,7236993178
22,2 1,5219426893 1488 572,9 1747,5958545084 607,2884800604 47,1871603283 3,6136100128
22,4 1,5349514759 1424 558 1659,931113127 590,5502638106 46,1373495355 3,5866104867
22,6 1,5479415597 1087 392,8 1219,088606118 408,44832934 48,8166695022 3,6547363172
22,8 1,5609127822 265,4 87,02 272,2347657622 87,3972094224 50,7232790225 3,7017104101
23 1,5738649856 66,97 20,58 67,0363953567 20,2408865909 53,4612070903 3,7671500597
23,2 1,5867980118 54,93 16,11 54,8492023991 15,7547822725 55,6894504281 3,8187771098
23,4 1,5997117035 48,31 14,93 48,1608348816 14,5712010976 53,370494789 3,7650181693
23,6 1,6126059031 47,39 13,84 47,2320378097 13,4781415786 55,9822856518 3,8254589143
23,8 1,6254804537 48,96 13,66 48,8171537328 13,2976592915 58,0577560442 3,8721610794
24 1,6383351983 61,85 17,43 61,8501931372 17,0791198994 57,4490429736 3,8585808042
24,2 1,6511699803 60,33 15,26 60,3115678493 14,9021744356 62,4114636631 3,9666278421
24,4 1,6639846433 53,98 14,16 53,8888442049 13,7990150427 60,8181369872 3,9325812494
24,6 1,6767790312 40,66 10,41 40,4429040174 10,0400701904 62,2012096776 3,9621685245
24,8 1,6895529881 35,82 8,73 35,5660460673 8,3569780767 64,6560059336 4,0136203591
25 1,7023063583 32,1 7,91 31,820936009 7,5356743628 64,3069693198 4,0063849967

29
30
2d. Níquel (medidas)

𝑈A = 15,0 kV.

31
2d. Níquel (cálculos do software)

 Å s −1 s −1 s−1 s−1 cm2 /g (cm2 /g)(1/3)

teta lambda cps0mm cps0,025mm netcps0 netcps0,025 mabs root3mabs
8 0,5605892507 135,4 86,9 136,9296456535 87,3361564425 20,206817268 2,7237420232
9 0,6301180252 222,4 124,2 227,1239691059 125,4338748415 26,6779268389 2,9880236168
10 0,6994548596 294,7 134,7 303,3088045895 136,2103952919 35,9717245136 3,3010625447
11 0,7685786334 323,3 125,7 333,7597731533 126,9719746178 43,4264256273 3,514940908
12 0,8374682906 364,9 111,7 378,3747880217 112,6345233207 54,4478515825 3,7901836105
13 0,9061028469 365,2 87,4 378,6979300725 87,8449538582 65,655605323 4,0341985589
14 0,9744613955 317,4 62,95 327,4632032486 63,0247238454 74,0439721803 4,1991678658
15 1,0425231137 329,6 57,37 340,4917110618 57,3773377116 80,0153390197 4,3091447534
16 1,1102672692 315,1 46,62 325,0106863861 46,5153661453 87,3545428099 4,4370586058
17 1,1776732266 299,2 42,25 308,0881382768 42,1065527758 89,4263099895 4,4718624531
18 1,2447204533 260,9 37,72 267,5518665383 37,5404011001 88,2451460541 4,4520866543
19 1,3113885262 260,8 32,25 267,4464449993 32,0322790671 95,3572332264 4,5686148513
19,2 1,3246748531 244,9 31,96 250,7119119423 31,7404267101 92,8651251329 4,5284636161
19,4 1,3379450392 246,9 30,94 252,8138847707 30,7140464101 94,7172993465 4,5583720487
19,6 1,351198923 271,2 31,98 278,4218922164 31,7605539137 97,5471797065 4,6033243095
19,8 1,3644363427 818,6 52,62 891,2055693269 52,5749670778 127,1774892386 5,0288662174
20 1,3776571373 1706 104,8 2056,4434456351 105,5831325691 133,418766926 5,1098204591
20,2 1,3908611456 1468 105,1 1720,1417668348 105,8895102888 125,2646953167 5,0035267827
20,4 1,4040482066 1041 72,32 1161,5613684967 72,5221595488 124,6294415754 4,9950543307
20,6 1,4172181598 370 35,84 383,8709409448 35,6466167828 106,7918294025 4,7443786413
20,8 1,4303708446 273,2 29,94 280,535245787 29,7079950814 100,8889313078 4,6553017927
21 1,4435061008 258,1 28,43 264,6008815239 28,1892399535 100,6192873516 4,651150713
21,2 1,4566237683 244,9 29,53 250,7119119423 29,2955723669 96,4667772598 4,5862661771
21,4 1,4697236873 240,8 42,2 246,4055609292 42,056131077 79,4416364805 4,2988213189
21,6 1,4828056982 246,1 67,72 251,9729922023 67,8573585969 58,9491832698 3,8918784149
21,8 1,4958696416 255,9 90,23 262,2834401637 90,7257149027 47,7009624234 3,6266784123
22 1,5089153583 1501 573,2 1765,6471341237 607,6935479765 47,9263908529 3,6323825033
22,2 1,5219426893 2476 2151 3290,237523125 2739,9570918245 8,2236574833 2,0184670822
22,4 1,5349514759 2512 2222 3354,1301653775 2856,2465930947 7,2201342968 1,9327770431
22,6 1,5479415597 2560 1911 3440,2821384026 2361,9785099366 16,8975001355 2,5661034046
22,8 1,5609127822 1254 530,2 1433,3799815237 559,5282847525 42,2689947264 3,4834317538
23 1,5738649856 252 96,83 258,1778193576 97,4504947246 43,779108838 3,5244306735
23,2 1,5867980118 190,3 63,82 193,6591362709 63,9058018417 49,817543529 3,6795448675
23,4 1,5997117035 165,9 55,36 168,3678346054 55,3446167707 49,9919874732 3,6838346988
23,6 1,6126059031 156 49,61 158,1419539389 49,5341538443 52,160443227 3,7363460368
23,8 1,6254804537 152,2 48,65 154,2223287287 48,5647132592 51,9208291066 3,7306159239
24 1,6383351983 169,8 52 172,4018668392 51,9484696914 53,9014121289 3,7774615089
24,2 1,6511699803 171,9 48,6 174,5753640972 48,5142266864 57,5376070851 3,8605625972
24,4 1,6639846433 153,2 44,97 155,2535157488 44,8502563948 55,7955543058 3,8212008483
24,6 1,6767790312 129,8 36,88 131,1784992077 36,6941538264 57,2429359246 3,8539608627
24,8 1,6895529881 114,8 32,27 115,8057441591 32,0524074418 57,7192483627 3,8646208177
25 1,7023063583 110 31,06 110,8963107362 30,8347861326 57,5130152626 3,8600125118

32
33