Você está na página 1de 23

0.

12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),&
!"#$"%&'%()$"*&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
)*+,*-./!0-12,*3!4*/1,5617!
58&9")4.&.:;)<#*

=&1#*43<#*7

)*+,*-./!0-12,*3!
!"#$%&'()&*$#+,%-%$
!"#$%&'()&*$,%$(*,.(#$

/#$0,''$1*2$-"#$%&'()&*$'&&3,*4$
5&6$-"#$16%-$,*-#467'$&5$8&)&*%$

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
82159!9:*!*;;*79-<;<9=!>*;91-!?7@!9:*!
/+*;<A;!?7B5,?-!313*7953!
>.&4.?*.4&@&

A)B3*C&&&&&)*4& &)&+D&E.&1)*&1),1;,)+.@&
F#+.@&#*,G&H&-)")I.+."7&)".&3*4.-.*4.*+7&
J*#+&=K&73*1.@&
&)*4&&&&&$#"&4.?*3<#*&()7&)&

&1#I-#*.*+&),#*C&&&&&)*4&#*.& &@&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
C*13*9-<;?,!0-12,*3!
L(.&?"7+&3*+.C"),7&#$&I#<#*7&)".&7;M13.*+&+#&4.+."I3*.&+(.&B*13*9-=!1D!9:*!1-2<9E!
N;+&*#+&$#"&.O)1+,G&4.+."I3*3*C&+(.&-#73<#*&#$&+(.&7-)1.1")P&E3+(&<I.%&
8*&#+(."&E#"47Q&E()+&E.&434&7#&$)"&37&+#&7.-)")+.&+(.&R"N3+),&S.+."I3*)<#*&!"#N,.I&3*&
9.#I.+"31),&!"#N,.I&T&L.I-#"),&!"#N,.I&
R"N3+),&
S.+."I3*)<#*&
!"#N,.I&
>.&)".&
$#1;73*C&
#;"&
)Y.*<#*& C*13*9-<;?,! F*3+1-?,!
#*&+(.& 0-12,*3! 0-12,*3!
U()-.&#$&+(.&#"N3+& U)+.,,3+.&!#73<#*&

&V3"7+&8*+.C"),&#$&
WWW&
0#<#*7&
H&-)")I.+."7& X&-)")I.+."&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
Geometrical Problem
Going back to:

and considering that:


we can write:

defining as the angle between and we have:

This is the trajectory parametric equa<on, where:


is a pure geometrical parameter
is a cinema<c term h (func<on of r and v) and a dynamic term
is the term func<on of the <me, to find the posi<on on the <me r(t) we should detect (t)

Mecânica do Voo Espacial LESSON #6


C*13*9-<;?,!0-12,*3!
>.&4.I#*7+")+.4&+()+&+(.&.:;)<#*@&&&&&&& &#N+)3*.4&;73*C&+(.&?"7+&
3*+.C"),&#$&I#<#*&37&+(.&1#*317&.:;)<#*&
+&,(-.,&/",0(-&./&12"&$(,3/&(4&5$$&#(.-1/&'&62(/"&7./15-,"&1(&5&89"7&#(.-1&:&
'#*317&S.?*3<#*& ;,5$$"7&12"&4(,3/&(4&12"&,(-.,<&./&5&,(-/15-1&*3$0#$"&;,5$$"7&12"&
",,"-1%.,.1=>&"<&(4&12"&7./15-,"&4%(*&'&1(&5&89"7&$.-"&?&;,5$$"7&12"&7.%",1%.9&
(4&12"&,(-.,<@&

• $#"&.&\&DQ&E.&()B.&)&13"1,.Q
• $#"&D&]&.&]&X&E.&#N+)3*&)*&.,,3-7.Q
• $#"&.&\&X&)&-)")N#,)Q
• $#"&.&^&X&)&(G-."N#,)%

$9:7;#$&<=#;-%$-67=#;-&6>$,%$7$;&*,;$0"#6#$-"#$
?76-"$,%$'&;7-#2$,*$&*#$&5$-"#$5&;(%&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!

V\&V;,,&V#1;7&JE(.".&+(.&-,)*.+&J#"&+(.&U;*K&37&,#1)+.4&
? V_\&6I-+G&V#1;7&
)\&7.I3`I)[#"&)O37&
N\&7.I3`I3*#"&)O37&&
2
- &\&,3*.&#$&)-734.7&J4.?*.&-."31.*+."Q&)-#1.*+."Q&
D &.,,3-7.&B.1+#"K&
G. G
&.,,3-7.&.:;)<#*&#*&')"+.73)*&1##"43*)+.7&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*/!-*,?9*@!91!1-2<9!B*13*9-=!
%-2<9?,!4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*!
Ra898F&
b 8*+#&+(.&GH!IG5,,J!G1;5/
-
V3"7+&)O37&
G. D G
b 3*&+(.&1-2<9?,!+,?7*!43".1+.4&)7&+(.&B.1+#"&K
3*&+(.&-."3C..&43".1<#*

U.1#*4&)O37&
b 3*&+(.&1-2<9?,!+,?7*!43".1+.4&)7&+(.&B.1+#"
c&J1),,.4&7.I3,)+;7&".1+;7KQ&-."-.*431;,)"
L(.&%-2<9?,!4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*!&LKE!!!!!E!!!!!M! +#&K!3*&+(.&43".1<#*&#$&&&&&&-#73<B.7
37&?7!<7*-6?,!-*D*-*7;*!$")I.&73*1.&K!?7@! L(3"4&)O37&
)".&1#*7+)*+7Q&)*4&)7&1#*7.:;.*1.&
&),7#&&&&&&&37&1#*7+)*+& b -."-.*431;,)"&+#&+(.&#"N3+),&-,)*.&+()+
I.)*7&3*&+(.&7)I.&43".1<#*&#$&+(.&B.1+#"
I#I.*+;I&#$&:;)*<+G&#$&I#<#*

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*/!-*,?9*@!91!1-2<9!B*13*9-=!
%-2<9?,!N79-<7/<;!4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*!
7"8-"7&%"/#",1&1(&12"&/150(-5%=&/51"$$.1"&
#(/.0(-&5$(-A&12"&(%).1&

Ra898F&
b 8*+#&+(.&GH!IG5,,J!G1;5/
G. D G
V3"7+&)O37&
b 3*&+(.&1-2<9?,!+,?7*!43".1+.4&)7&+(.&-#73<#*
B.1+#"

U.1#*4&)O37&
L(.&%-2<9?,!N79-<7/<;!4*D*-*7;*!G-?3*!&& b 3*&+(.&1-2<9?,!+,?7*!-."-.*431;,)"&+#
L! !E! ! ! !E! ! ! !M! 37&?!719O<7*-6?,!-*D*-*7;*!$")I.& )*4&3*&+(.&7)I.&43".1<#*&#$&+(.&I#<#*
73*1.&<9!</!-19?67B!P<9:!!!!!P<9:!?!>*,1;<9=!
L(3"4&)O37&
b -."-.*431;,)"&+#&+(.&#"N3+),&-,)*.
B)"3)N,.&#*&I#4;,.&)*4&1#*7+)*+&3*&43".1<#*&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!+-1+*-6*/!
4?@<5/!?9!0*-<;*79*-!Q!

4?@<5/!?9!8+1;*79*-!Q!
G. D G -+

)*4&".I3*4&+()+&$"#I&+(.&4.?*3<#*& &E.&1)*&E"3+.@&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!+-1+*-6*/!
!"#$:7-"$&5$-"#$:'7*#-%$7<&(-$-"#$%(*$,%$#'',:);7'$,*$%"7:#@$0,-"$-"#$;#*-#6$&5$-"#$
%(*$<#,*4$'&;7-#2$7-$&*#$5&;(%A$B!"#$C70$&5$?'',:%#%D$

!& 611.*+"313+G&

Vd& VX&

6,3-7.&

'3"1,.&

Vd&!&&T&VX&!&&\&'RULeFL&
B5%7-"%C/&D$$.#/"&
0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!+-1+*-6*/!
$*3<!D1;?,!"*7B9:Q!
S

0!
G. D G -+

$*3<!3<71-!?R</!Q!
$"#I&+(.&.,,3-7.&4.?*3<#*@&&&&
+()+&37&B),34&$#"&)*G&-#3*+&f&&&&&.,,3-7.@&

e,7#&$#"&+(.&-#3*+&g&E(.".&
T!
&N;+&)7&7(#E*&3*&?C;".&

G. D G -+

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!+-1+*-6*/!
S 82159!9:*!/*3<O,?95/!-*;953E!P*!U71P!9:?9Q!

0!
G. D G -+

!#,,<+/*!8-*?!
S&
N& V!
D&&&&&
)&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
#,,<+/*!D1;?,!-*W*;617!+-1+*-9=!
1&\&+)*C.*+&+#&+(.&.,,3-7.&3*&+(.&-#3*+&!&

0 0-1+*-9=!
h& L(.&)*C,.&N.+E..*&+&)*4&!V&37&.:;),&+#&+(.&
i& #*.&N.+E..*&+&)*4&!V_@&

1& X!H!Y!

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
F-?Z*;91-=!?7@!%-2<9!
e*&.,,3-7.&37&)&;,1/*!9-?Z*;91-=!)*4&+(.&+1/<617!</!?!+*-<1@<;!D57;617!E3+(&)*C;,)"&-."3#4&
.:;),&+#&dj%&
8$&),7#&+(.&>*,1;<9=!</!+*-<1@<;E!E.&E3,,&*#+&+),Z&#$&)&k9-?Z*;91-=l&)*GI#".Q&N;+&E.&E3,,&;7.&+(.&
+."I&k%-2<9l%&&
E*$&6<,-$,%$7$;'&%#$:7-"$0"#6#$-"#$9-7-#$F#;-&6@$$
<7%#2$&*$:&%,)&*$7*2$G#'&;,->$,%$-"#$%78#$#7;"$-$7*2$-H*-$$

m.+&;7&1),1;,)+.&+(.&B.,#13+G&

'#*734."3*C&+(.&4.?*3<#*&#$&+(.&.11.*+"313+G&B.1+#"&E.&()B.@&

0;,<-,G3*C&NG& &E.&()B.@&

\D&N.1);7.&-."-.*431;,)"&
NG&4.?*3<#*&
0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
F-?Z*;91-=!?7@!%-2<9!
E.&#N+)3*&+(.&B.,#13+G@&

4*3*32*-<7B!9:*!9P1!-*D*-*7;*/!D-?3*!@*A7<617!

E.&()B.@&
),7#&+(.&B.,#13+G&37&-."3#431&73*1.&4.-.*47&
#*& &+()+&()7&)*&)*C;,)"&-."3#4&#$&dj&
)*4&
&E.&()B.&)*&%4TNF[[[!

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
\*,1;<9=!

5.,#13+G&)+&+(.&!."31.*+".&
5.,#13+G&)+&+(.&!."31.*+". 5.,#13+G&)+&+(.&e-#1.*+".&
5.,#13+G&)+&+(.&e-#1.*+".

>(.".&3+&1)*&N.&7..*&+()+&+(.&B.,#13+G&
&37&3?R<353!?9!9:*!+*-<;*79-*&)*4&3<7<353!?9!9:*!?+1;*79-*!

&19*@& )*4Q&)7&)&1#*7.:;.*1.Q& &)".&43n.".*+&3*&I#4;,.&)*4&43".1<#*&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
From Orbital to Iner6al Reference Frame
The mo<on of the satellite can be described star<ng from the geometry of the orbit and its
orienta<on in space with respect to the two reference frames defined earlier (orbital and
intrinsic orbital reference frame).

In order to express the orbital frame with respect to the iner<al frame a series of rota<on is
necessary.
We shall define the posi<on of with respect to the iner<al reference frame

We need : 9 direc<on cosines (of one reference frame with respect to the other)
- 3 constraints since the vectors shall be perpendicular one to each other
- 3 condi<ons of module = 1 (the axes are unit vector)

= 3 INDEPENDENT PARAMETERS

As for example the three Euler angles 313

Note: this is not the only choice available and in some case is not even the best one

Mecânica do Voo Espacial LESSON #6


#5,*-!87B,*/!]_]!
'p
'p

b "#+)<#*&)"#;*4&`] 0
p& b V"#I&J`_E!`aE`]K&+#&J&E^E`]K
b a#+)<#*&B),;.&@&b!488&
'X 'd 'X F 'd

b "#+)<#*&)"#;*4&&

X& b V"#I&J&E^E`]K&+#&J&E^.E:K
b a#+)<#*&B),;.@&&<!1-29?,
'p 'p
0_
+,?7*!<7;,<7?617 ( -
0_ (
.
b "#+)<#*&)"#;*4&( 0 0
p& b V"#I&J&E^.E:K&+#&J*E+E:K
b a#+)<#*&B),;.@&c!?-B53*79 'X F 'd 'X 'd
1D!+*-<B**! F

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
%-2<9?,!+?-?3*9*-/!

%-2<9?,!+?-?3*9*-/!
?! 73q.&
*! 7()-.&
<! #"3.*+)<#*&#$&+(.&#"N3+&E3+(&
".7-.1+&6)"+(_7&6:;)+#"&
c! -#73<#*&#$&+(.&-."3C..&E3+(&
".7-.1+&+(.&6)"+(_7&U;"$)1.&
b! ,#1)<#*&#$&)71.*43*C&)*4&
4.71.*43*C&#"N3+&".7-.1+&
6)"+(_7&.:;)+#"3),&-,)*.&
d! E(.".&+(.&7)+.,,3+.&37&),#*C&+(.&
#"N3+&E3+(&".7-.1+&+(.&-."3C..&

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
%-2<9?,!+?-?3*9*-/!

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
`17;,5/<17/!
S.?*.4&:&E.&1)*&4.?*.&+(.&#"N3+),&-,)*.r&

8*&#"4."&+#&4.?*.&:!E.&*..4&+(.&"#+)<#*7&b&)*4&<r&

L(.&+(3"4&"#+)<#*&c!4.?*.7&+(.&#"N3+),&-#73<#*&#*&+(.&-,)*.&

L(.&,3*.&#$&*#4.7&&&37&+(.&3*+."7.1<#*&N.+E..*&+(.&#"N3+),&-,)*.&)*4&+(.&.:;)+#"3),&-,)*.&

b&37&1),,.4&)71.*43*C&*#4.&73*1.&+(.&7)+.,,3+.&C#.7&;-&E(.*&-)773*C&+("#;C(&3+&

b&37&4.?*.4&N.+E..*&ef!?7@!](efQ&)*4&3+&37&#--#7.4&+#!g!4.71.*43*C&*#4.&

,&C3B.7&3*$#"I)<#*&)N#;+&+(.&#"N3+),&-,)*.&3*1,3*)<#*&)"#;*4&F&E3+(&".7-.1+&+#&+(.&.:;)+#"3),&
-,)*.&)*4&3+&37&4.?*.4&N.+E..*&ef!?7@!_hef!

c&37&+(.&437+)*1.&N.+E..*&+(.&,3*.&F&)*4&+(.&B.1+#"&*&#"&+(.&-."31.*+."%&&
8+&37&4.?*.4&N.+E..*&ef!?7@!](ef!

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&
$<7B5,?-<6*/!!
>3+(&+(.&4.?*.4&6;,."&)*C,.7&pXp&3+&37&-#773N,.&+#&()B.&7#I.&73*C;,)"3<.7&7;1(&)7&$#"&.O)I-,.&3*@&

6:;)+#"3),&#"N3+&3\D&

c!)*4&s&)".&*#+&4.?*.4&)*GI#".&

'3"1;,)"&#"N3+&.\D&

b t&37&*#+&4.?*.4&)*GI#".

8*&+(.7.&1)7.7&+#&7#,B.&+(.&73*C;,)"3<.7&3+&37&-#773N,.&+#@&
• ;7.&6;,."&I#43?.4&)*C,.7&7;1(&)7&+(.&7;I&cTs&3*&+(.&?"7+&1)7.&)*4&)&-)")I.+."&,.77&3*&+(.
7.1#*4&1)7.
• ;7.&f;)+."*3#*7

0.12*31)&4#&5##&67-)13),& ! "#$$%&!'(&

Você também pode gostar