ESTUDOS PROGRAMADOS DE INGLES Turmas: 33 N

PERÍODO: de 15 a 28 de AGOSTO DE 2020

PROFESSOR:
LINKING WORDS
Palavras de ligação, conjunções, conectores em Inglês!
As linking words são conjunções (conjunctions), que funcionam como conectivos nas frases. As
linking words podem expressar ideias de continuação, conclusão, adição, oposição, comparação,
explicação, etc. Lembre-se que as conjunções são palavras invariáveis, ou seja, não sofrem flexão de
número, gênero ou grau. Na língua inglesa, é possível usarmos termos de ligação entre orações tornando
a fala ou a escrita muito mais compreensível e menos fragmentada.
É que com o uso de palavras de ligação, conjunções e conectores em Inglês, a nossa linha de
raciocínio fica em completa sincronia, evitando desentendimentos que facilmente
ocorreriam se não usássemos esses termos.
Abaixo, destacamos alguns desses termos que separamos de acordo com os
grupos:

 Addition
 Alternative  Reason
 Condition  Time
 Consequence or result  Comparsion
 Constrast  Empashis
 Manner  Exemplifications
 Purpose  Sumarry

Confira todos os termos importantes para tornar as suas idéias mais fluidas em Inglês e como
empregar palavras de ligação, conjunções e conectores em Inglês. Ou conectivos, se assim preferir.

Addition Ex: Or the could very well pick what classes they
1. And would like to attend to.
Ex: And she reminded us that it’s not his first time in  
jail. 9. Either….or
  Ex: They can either eat chiken or fish.
2. Both…and…  
Ex: He has both the money and the time to play Gulf.  10. Neither….nor
  Ex: They can play neither soccer not footbal.
3. As well as  
Ex: I’m buying milk as well as coffee. Condition
  11. If
4. Not only… but also Ex: She will succeed if she studies.
Ex: Fernando de Noronha is not only one of Brazil’s
nicest places but also one of its most visited. 12. Unless
  Ex: Unless you change your ways, he’s not gonna talk
5. Besides to you ever again.
Ex: Besides tellig her she should quit her job he told  
her to dump her boyfriend. 13. As long as
  Ex: As long as you help me, I can give you a hand.
6. Furthermore  
Ex: My mother’s just got back on her feet. Futhermore, 14. Provided that
she’s just bought a new house. Ex: I’ll stay here provided that you say too.
   
7. Moreover Consequence or result
Ex: Religion classes should be forbidden in schools. 15. So
Moreover, schools should allow kids to choose what Ex: It was late, so I went to bed.
religion they belong to.  
Alternative 16. Thus
8. Or Ex: The dogs are very dirty and thus you will have to
keep them away from the guests.
   
17. Hence Purpose
Ex: They are no longer coming and hence we don’t  
have to buy so much food. 34. So as to
  Ex: He plays soccer so as to lose weight.
18. Therefore  
Ex: My brother turned the frige off. Thereofre, the beer 35. In order to
got warm. Ex: We called her in order to book a table for five.
   
19. Accordingly 36. So that
Ex: She Ex: She shouted so that he could hear her.
continued to have migraines and accordingly returned t  
o the doctor.  Reason
   
20. Consequently 37. Because 
Ex: She didn’t get a raise. Consequenty, she decided Ex: Because she was late she took a taxi.
to quit her job.  
38. For
Contrast Ex: He jumped for joy.
21. Though  
Ex: He still argues, though he knows he’s wrong. 39. Because of this
Ex: Because of this, we should start caring more about
22. Although animals than humans.
Ex: Although he already had a mobile phone he  
decided to buy a new one. 40. For that reason
Ex: For that reason, they should try to make it up to
23. Even Though them.
Ex: Even though she still loves me, she won’t answer  
to any of my calls. Time
41. As soon as
24. Despite/ inspite of Ex: As soon as they finish, we will leave.
Ex: Despite the fact  that is raining we’re still going out  
tonight. 42. When
Ex: My back hurts when I walk.
25. But  
Ex: She is tired but happy. 43. While
Ex: It was fun while it lasted.
26. Yet  
Ex: They broke up, yet met the next day. 44. Till
Ex: He said he will fight till death.
27. However  
Ex: I don’t eat fish. However, I really like eating 45. Until
lobsters. Ex: We drank until dawn.
 
28. Nevertheless 47. In the mean time
Ex: You can’t chat here. Nevertheless, you can talk to Ex: In the mean time, he fixed the fridge.
each other in the next classroom.  
48. Since
29. On the Other hand Ex: I haven’t seen her since June.
Ex: I couldn’t fix it, on the other hand my brother  
handled it. 49. Meanwhile
Ex: The board is deliberating; meanwhile, we must be 
30. Whereas patient.
Ex: I like to play soccer, whereas Paula likes to play
the piano. Comparison
50. In the same way
Manner Ex: They talk about teachers in the same way my
31. As mother talks about doctors.
Ex: He plays as he enjoys.  
  51. Like
32. As if Ex: He speaks like his brother.
Ex: He talked to me as if I didn’t something wrong.  52. Likewise
  Ex: Jack did it likewise.
33. As tough
Ex:  It seems as though they didn’t send me the 53. Similarly
confirmation code. Ex: Most of the women were similarly dressed.
  
Emphasis 62. That is (to say)
Ex: She’s not going to joing us, that is, she will stay
54. Indeed here.
Ex: I kew he would win and indeed he did.  
  63. Such as
55. In fact Ex: An enemy such as him, should be killed without
Ex: In fact, he could have talked to them before hesitation.
making such decision.  
  64. in other words
56.  Certainly  Ex: In other words, you are fired.
Ex:  She may certainly be invited.  
  Summary
57. Actually 65. To sum up
Ex: He is actually a singer, not an actor. Ex: To sum up,  the government should use taxes to
  fill holes with more ciment.
58. As a matter of fact  
Ex: As a matter of fact, I’m tired of this situation. 66. In summary
  Ex: In summary, they killed two people and stole the
  yellow car.
Exemplification  
  67. Briefly
59. For example Ex: Briefly, the politicians were taken into custody and
Ex:  Buy something simple, for example, some apple were charged with corruption pratices.
and some bananas.   
  68. To conclude
60. For instance Ex: To concluse, it is highly recommeded that people
Ex: For instance, she could go to her friends and try to start caring more about what they eat.
find a way to solve this without war.  
  69. In a word
61. Namely Ex: In a word, there are great chances of Brazil
Ex:  It was another colour, namely red. becoming one of the best countries to live.

1. Complete the text below with the linking words from the box.
AND (3X) ALTHOUGH BECAUSE (2X) BUT
DESPITE OR SO SO THAT
 A shower injury
 Ben leaned over the edge of the tub ______ turned on the hot and cold water faucets. The water came out of the
spout near the top of the tub. He pushed down on the lever beneath the spout _______ the water would drain. He did
that _______ he was going to take a shower, not a bath.
He tested the temperature, _______ it wasn't hot enough, _______ he adjusted the hot water faucet. There
was another handle between the hot and cold faucets. This one controlled whether water came out of the spout
_______ out of the shower head. Ben turned it all the way to the right. Now hot water was coming out of the shower
head. The temperature was just right.
Ben took off his robe ________ stepped over the top of the tub. _______ he pulled the shower door closed,
he was still feeling a little cold. He grabbed the bar of soap out of the soap dish _______ started scrubbing his face.
He put the soap back into the dish, while his eyes were closed, _______ he wanted to keep out the soap.
_______ moving slowly and carefully, he dropped the big plastic container of shampoo which was on his window
ledge. The bottle hit his left foot. "Shoot!" Ben said angrily. That hurt. 

Linking Words 
A atividade consiste em identificar as conjunções. 
Underline the linking words in the text below.
 
All my friends were tired last night, so we decided not to go out. We went to Peter’s house, because the place
is great and his parents are nice to us. We stayed there for hours but we didn’t watch TV. We played video
games instead, because the TV programs were all boring. Jack could play with us or do something else, but
he decided to go home, so he phoned his parents to pick him up earlier. I was not hungry, however, all of us
ate pizza and drank soda. Although tomorrow is Friday, we don’t have classes in the morning, so we can go
to bed late tonight. We are thinking of going to the movies or eating at a fast food restaurant. We can’t decide!