Capítulo 22:

Impressões
da realidade
 Tópicos

Contextualização Investigação e luz Escultura e

musica

01. 02. 03. 04. 05 06

Literatura e
A obra Impressionismo
preocupações
no Brasil
 Contextualização
Impressionismo é um movimento estético
surgido na França por volta de 1874. A
sociedade do final do século XIX
vivenciou mudanças estruturais
profundas, por conta do advento de
inovações como a fotografia, o telefone e
lâmpada elétrica.
Assim, essas transformações atingiram
os campos artísticos, como a música,
arquitetura e artes visuais
Os artistas queriam exprimir algo novo,
dinamico, como o modo de vida que
estavam experimentando, principalmente
depois da fotografia.
● Buscavam formas sem compromisso
com a realidade.
● Começaram a observar a luz. solar e
as alterações de cores que ela
provocava.
● Ruptura das regras impostas à arte.
Impactos literários e preocupações
A influência impressionista na literatura pode ser encontrada nas obras
simbolistas, as quais apresentam as seguintes características:

● Valorização das sensações, impressão e intuição;

● Carater sugestivo;
● Uso da sinestesia- combinação de um ou mais sentidos.
●
Os artistas impressionistas passaram a se preocupar com impressões ópticas
da luz sobre as cores e criavam esse efeito por meio de pinceladas
justapostas.

● Ao inves de manchas coloridas, os artistas passaram a usar pontos

coloridos organizados, para facilitar a compreensão em longa distância-
Pontilhismo ou Divisionismo
“Impressão, nascer do sol”, de Claude Monet, é a obra
que deu nome ao movimento impressionista.
Investigação e luz
A ruptura de modelos artísticos dos artistas impressionistas foi além da técnica e
da temática.
● Pinceladas soltas e cores vibrantes eram utilizadas para interpretar os efeitos
da luz;
● Investigaram as tonalidades que os objetos adquiriram ao refletir a luz;
● Não utilizavam linhas precisas pelo fato de ser algo que não existe no
contorno das coisas;
● Usavam cores complementares às do objeto nas suas sombras, ja que para eles
as sombras deveriam ser coloridas e luminosas;
● Como o tema das pinturas geralmente eram a natureza e a sua influência
sobre determinado objeto, os artistas não poderiam perder tempo misturando
cores para representá-las, então tinham que captar a imagem e fixá-la
diretamente na tela.
● Preocupavam-se mais com o efeito gerado do que com os detalhes.
 A obra: Impressão, nascer do sol
Nessa obra, Monet parece não ter a intenção de
reproduzir fielmente a paisagem, mas de se deixar
envolver pela atmosfera da névoa da manhã que
filtrava os primeiros raios do sol.

➔ Curiosidade:
Por conta do nome dessa obra, os artistas que
seguiam essa tendência foram chamados de
impressionistas, inicialmente de forma pejoratva.

Segundo alguns críticos, esses artistas não

trabalhavam baseando-se em um conhecimento
solido e sim na impressão do momento.
Escultura e música na virada do
séc XIX e XX

Embora o impressionismo teha representado a

arte no campo da pintura, os artista Edgar Degas
e Pierre-Auguste Renoir craiaram esculturas.

● Rejeitaram também a precisão idealizada da

escultura acadêmica em favor de superfícies
imperfeitas.
A escultura feita de cera- A pequena bailarina de
quatorze anos- foi feita por Edgar Degas, evidenciando
um tutu de tecido.

Além disso, o artista Auguste Rodin era considerado

um escultor realista que transitou pelo impressionismo
por quebrar a representação convencional ao
trabalhar evidenciando a matéria de suas esculturas,
para que a forma causasse a impressão de emergir
naquele momento.
 Musica impressionista
Na música também encontra-se indícios do
impressionismo. Interessava aos compositores a
atmosfera e o efeito sonoro, mais do que a
preocupação melódica
● Claude Debussy- primeiro compositor;
● “Não existe teoria. É necessário somente ouvi.
Prazes, essa é a lei.”
● Ele utilizava harmonias e timbres novos;
● Trabalhando efeitos fluidos que sugeriam sons e
imagens da natureza.
● “Não há nada mais musical do que um por do
sol.”
● O título das peças aludem a paisagens naturais.
 Impressionismo no Brasil
No Brasil, as obras de Eliseu Visconti abriram
caminho para a modernidade. Ele estudou na
Escola Nacional e Especial de belas artes,
onde teve contato com obras impressionistas
que difiniram sua carreira.

Na sua obra-Roupa Estendida- percebe-se as

áreas banhadas pelo sol e sombras coloridas.
A tinta também foi colocada de forma que o
efeito de luz sobre a cena fosse composto.
Mulher e obras impressionistas

Nesse periodo, a pintora Georgina de

Albuquerque destacou-se como uma das
primeiras mulheres brasileiras a ganhar
status de artista.

● Tecnicas com uso exacerbado de cores

luminosas
● A intensidade da luz pode ser sentida
de forma tão natural que a tela
parece refletir esse calor.
 Pontos importantes

➔ CARACTERISTICAS ➔ IMPRESSIONISMO x REALISMO

➔ As obras retratavam paisagens
comuns; ➔ A realidade a que os
➔ Contornos imprecisos; impressionistas se referem tem
➔ Caracter antirealista ; características realistas, indo em
➔ Trazem impressão acerca do direção à objetividade, porém a
ambiente; impressão que os escritores têm
➔ Valorizam o efeito produzido dessa realidade é subjetiva,
pela luz do sol nos objetos; sendo muitas vezes guiados pela
➔ Espaço e luz. intuição, características do
➔ Pinceladas rápidas e sutis. Simbolismo.
Analysis & development
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Table of contents
01. Purpose statement 04. Objectives
You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of
the section here the section here

02. Methodology 05. Conclusions

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the section here the section here

03. Hypothesis 06. Analysis

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the section here the section here
Problems statement
Problems Current situation
Mercury is the closest planet to the
01. Ceres Sun and the smallest one in the entire
It’s located in the asteroid belt Solar System. This planet's name has
nothing to do with the liquid metal,
since Mercury was named after the
02. Neptune Roman messenger god. Despite being
Neptune is far away from us closer to the Sun than Venus, its
temperatures aren't as terribly hot as
that planet's. Its surface is quite similar
03. Venus to that of Earth's Moon, which means
Venus has a beautiful name there are a lot of craters and plains
Theoretical framework

Theoretical
Relevant theories Our framework
framework
Theory | 01 Venus has a beautiful
name and is the
Saturn is a gas giant and has second planet from the
rings. It’s composed mostly Sun. It’s hot and has a
Key terms of hydrogen and helium poisonous atmosphere
● Mercury is small
● Earth harbors life Theory | 02
● Jupiter is quite big Neptune is the fourth-largest
● Saturn is a gas giant planet by diameter in the
● Mars is a cold planet Solar System
Schedule
Task 1 Task 2
Neptune is far away from Earth Mars is a very hot planet
Task 3
Mercury is the smallest planet

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Task Description Date Status
Task 1 Mars is a cold place Jan 1 - Mar 15 Completed

Task 2 Earth is where we all live Apr 1 - May 31 In progress

Task 3 Venus is a cold planet Sep 2 - Oct 14 In progress

Methodology
Mercury is the closest
Type of data planet to the Sun

Venus has a beautiful name

Motives and it’s terribly hot
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
Data collection actually a cold place

Jupiter is the biggest

Specific sampling planet in the Solar System
Analysis & development
Mercury's name has nothing to do
with the liquid metal, since Mercury
was named after the Roman
messenger god. Despite being
closer to the Sun than Venus

60’s 20% 40%

70’s 80% 60%

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Discussion
Mars Discussion 01.
Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide Mercury is the closest planet
dust, which gives the planet its reddish cast. to the Sun and the smallest
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the one in the Solar System—it’s
only one that harbors life in the Solar System: only a bit larger than the Moon
● Ceres is located in the main asteroid belt
● The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite Discussion 02.
● Neptune is very far away from us Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
● Pluto now considered a dwarf planet the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even
hotter than Mercury
Analysis of the results
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System

Venus
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s terribly hot

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Pictures always
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a concept
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text. Your audience will appreciate it
Conclusions

Mercury Saturn Jupiter

Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant Jupiter is the biggest
planet to the Sun and has several rings planet of them all

Venus Mars Neptune

Venus is the second Despite being red, Neptune is very far
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place away from us
Bibliographical references
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Conclusions
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System
Venus
Venus has a very beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Neptune
Neptune is the
fourth-largest planet by
diameter in the Solar System
9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
15,000 m
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
This is a map
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust

Mercury
It’s the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System
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