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Assunto:
REVISO DE MATEMTICA
BSICA
SUMRIO
1 Operaes com fraes
2 Diviso de fraes
3 Operaes com nmeros relativos
4 Resoluo de equaes do 1 grau (1 tipo)
5 Resoluo de equaes do 1 grau (2 tipo)
6 Resoluo de equaes do 1 grau (3 tipo)
7 Equao do 2 grau incompleta (1 tipo)
8 Equao do 2 grau incompleta (2 tipo)
9 Equao do 2 grau completa
10 Radicais
11 Operaes com radicais
12 Exponenciais
13 Propriedade distributiva
14 Produtos notveis
15 Diferena de quadrados
16 Trinmio ao quadrado
17 Binmio ao quadrado
18 Fatorao
19 Racionalizao de expresses numricas
20 Racionalizao de expresses algbricas
21 Soluo de equaes irracionais
22 Resoluo de sistemas de 2 equaes a 2 incgnitas
2 +
5
2
5
14 + 15
29
3
7
Ex. 1)
+ =
=
=
3
7
3 7
21
21
5 7
5 7
4
2
4
2
28 10
18
5
7
Ex. 2)
- =
=
=
5
7
5 7
35
35
e
a
c
+ +
b
d
f
bd f
bd f
a +
b
d
=
bd
bd f
e
c +
(d f ) a + (b f ) c + (b d ) e
f
=
f
bd f
7 5 4
7 5 4
7 5 4
5 +
2
3
5
2
3
7
5
4
Ex. 3)
+ - =
=
7
5
4
7 5 4
20 5 + 28 2 35 3
51
=
20 7
140
Resolver:
a)
2
1
+
7
9
b)
3
1
7
5
c)
8
4
11 5
d)
1 2 3
+ +
4 9 7
e)
4 3 4
+
9 8 11
5 2 4
+
3 9 5
f)
2 Diviso de fraes
a c
b d
a c
a d
=
b d
b c
Ex. 1)
ad
bc
2 4
2 7
14
7
= =
=
3 7
3 4
12
6
5
Ex. 2) 8
4
3
5 3
15
=
8 4
32
82 + 55
2 5
+
58
Ex. 3) 5 8 =
4 1
87
7 2
27
41
41 14
287
= 40 =
=
1
40 1
20
14
Resolver:
a)
11 2
23 5
b)
2 4
15 1
d) + +
3
4 8
3 9
c)
3 1
7 8
7 1
4 7
e) +
3
b) 13 + (-9) 3 =
c) 7 (-8) =
d) -14 (-12) 24 =
e) (-3) (-8) + 25 =
f) 9 (-2) (-3) =
g) (-5)2 =
h) (-2)5 =
b) 15x = 3
b) 7x + 13 = 9
c) -5x 9 = 6
d) 3x + 15 = 0
3x 13 + 13 = 7 + 13 3x = 20 x = 20/3
Resolver:
a) 3x + 9 = 5x + 3
b) -2x + 3 = 12 + 3x
c) 7x 13 = -3x + 7
d) 9x 2 = 6x + 4
e) (2 x) (7 3x) = 5 + 6x
x2 =
(x) = (-2)
As 2 razes satisfazem
x = 4
2
Resolver:
a) 3x2 = 12
b) x2 = 7
(pe x em evidncia)
x2=0 x=2
Resulta (x 2)x = 0
x=0
x=0
Resolver:
a) 4x2 8x = 0
b) x2 + 3x = 0
c) 3x2 + 7x = 0
d) x2 5x = 0
Frmula: x =
b
2a
ou x = (-b + ) / 2a
x = (-b - )/2a
Ex. 1) 2x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
= 25 4 2 2 = 25 16 = 9 = 3
Solues: x = (-5 + 3) / 4 = -2/4 = -1/2
x = (-5 3) / 4 = -8/4 = -2
Resolver:
a) x2 5x + 6 = 0
b) x2 6x + 8 = 0
c) 3x2 + 11x + 8 = 0
10 Radicais
n
Am
Am
= Am/n
Ex. 1)
4 =
(frmula geral)
22 = 2
3
Ex. 2)
27 =
Ex. 3)
1024 =
Ex. 4)
( x)
33
5
2/2
= 21 = 2
= 3
210
= 210/5 = 22 = 4
x =
x2 = x
x =
Ex. 2)
y =
Ex. 3)
8 =
Ex. 4)
64
=
81
Ex. 5)
xn
xn2
Ex. 6)
16
2/2
x2 = x
= x
xy
23 = 2
2
82
92
8
8
=
9
9
xn (n 2)
24
x2 = x
24 / 2
= 2
Resolver:
a)
d)
729
b)
81
e)
64
c)
( x + 2) 2
f)
12 Exponenciais
Ax - A a base, x o expoente
P1) Ax Ay = Ax+y
P2) Ax / Ay = Ax-y
P3) (Ax)y = Ax.y
P4) (A . B)x = AxBx
710
81
1
P5) x = A x
A
A
B
Ax
= x
B
= Ax . B-x
523
Ex. 4) 20 = 523-20 = 53 = 52 5 = 25 5 = 125
5
Resolver:
a) 210
b)
7
72
3
c)
2
d) 16 2-3
13 - Propriedade distributiva
1) A (B + C) = A B + A C
2) (A B)(C + D) = (A B)(C + D) = A(C + D) B(C + D)
Ex. 1) 2(4 + x) = 8 + 2x
Ex. 2) (3 x)(x 2) = 3(x 2) x(x 2)
= 3x 6 x2 + 2x = -x2 + 5x 6
Resolver:
a) (x - 7 )(x + 7 )
b) (a + b)(a + b)
c) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 )
d) (2 +
10
x )(3 + 2 x )
b) (a + 2)2
c) (x + y)2
15 Diferena de quadrados
x2 a2 = (x a)(x + a)
Ex. 1) x2 4 = (x 2)(x + 2)
Ex. 2) x2 3 = (x - 3 )(x + 3 )
Ex. 3) x2 A = (x -
A )(x +
A)
Resolver:
a) ( 3 - 2)( 3 + 2) =
b) x2 16 =
c) x2 7 =
d) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 ) =
16 Trinmio ao quadrado
(a + b + c)2 = [(a + b) + c)]2 = (a + b)2 + 2(a + b)c + c2
= a2 + 2ab + b2 + 2ac + 2bc + c2
11
b) (x y +2)2
17 Binmio ao cubo
(a + b)3 = (a + b)2 (a + b)
5 x ( x + 3) 2 + 4 x 2 ( x + 3)
x( x + 3) [5( x + 3) + 4 x ]
5 x + 15 + 4 x
9 x + 15
=
=
=
x( x + 3)( x + 2)
x( x + 3)( x + 2 )
x+2
x+2
Resolver:
8 x2 + 4x
a)
=
2x + 1
2
(
a + b)
c)
=
(a + b )
b)
d)
[(
3x
(x
) (
(
)
4
=
(x 2)
2
)]
x +1 2 x +1
3 x +1
12
1
Ex. 1) n
1
=
2
Ex. 2)
Ex. 3)
An 1
An 1
32
32
An
An 1
A
2
2
An 1
1
n
=
A
2
1
2
2
9 3 32
3
33
9 3 32
= 33 9
3
Resolver:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ex.1)
Ex. 2)
x
x+ x
x x
(x + x ) (x x )
x (x x )
x x
2
x (x x )
x ( x 1)
x x
x 1
3 (2 3 ) 3 (2 3 )
3
3
2 3
=
=
=
= 3(2 3 )
22 2
1
2 + 3 (2 + 3 ) (2 3 )
13
Resolver :
a)
d)
b)
1+ 2
e)
3+ 7
c)
1 x
f)
a+ b
2
x +1
1
3+ 2
x2 + 2
16 =
x2 + 2
Resolver:
a)
x= x
d) 2 x = x
b)
2 = x 1
e)
x = 1 x
c) 5 = x 2 1 + 3
14
y=5
1)
2)
y = 3 voltando na 2) , tem-se x = 2.
Resolver:
a)
c)
2x + y = 12
x + 7y = 19
b)
2x + 3y = 8
3x + 4y = 11
d)
3x + 2y = 4
x-y = 2
x - y =3
2x + y = 9
1) a) 25/63 ;
e) 343/792 ;
b) 8/35 ;
c) -4/55 ;
d) 227/252 ;
f) 147/135
15
2) a) 55/46
b) 3/2 ;
c) 24/7 ;
d) 104/357 ;
e) 256/371
3) a)17 ;
b) 1 ;
c) 15 ;
d) 26 ;
e) 49 ;
f) 54 ;
g) 25 ;
h) 32
4) a) x= -7/3 ;
b) x=1/5
5) a) 3/2 ;
b) -4/7 ;
c) x= -3 ;
d) x= - 5
6) a) x=3 ;
b) x=-9/5 ; c) x=2 ;
d) x=2 ;
7) a) x= 2 ;
b) x = 7
8) a) x=0 e x= 2 ;
b) x=0 e x= -3 ;
e) x= -5/2
c) x=0 e x= -7/3 ;
d) x=0 e x= 5
9) a) x=2 e x=3 ;
b) x=4 e x= 2 ;
c) x= -1 e x = -8/3
11) a) 9 ;
b) 4 ;
c) 49 ;
12) a) 1024 ;
b) 49 ;
c) 81/16 ;
13) a) x2 7 ;
b) a2 + 2ab +b2 ;
14) a) x2 6x +9 ;
15) a) 1 ;
d) 3 ;
d) 2
c) 1 ;
b) a2 + 4a + 4 ;
b) (x-4)(x+4) ;
e) x + 2 ; f) 3
d) 2x + 7 x + 6
c) x2 +2xy + y2
c) ( x - 7 )(x + 7 ) ;
16) a) x2 + y2 +1 + 2xy + 2x + 2y ;
b) x2 + y2 + 4 - 2xy + 4x - 4y
18) a) 4x ;
b) x - 2 ;
c) a + b ;
d) x+ 2
19) a) 3 ;
b)
c) 2 4 27 /3 ;
d)
20) a)
b) (1 +
2 -1;
3 3 25 /5 ;
d) 1
x ) / (1 - x) ;
81 / 9
c) 2 ( x -1 ) / (x -1)
16
d) (7/2).(3 - 5 ) ;
21) a) x=0 e x=1 ;
d) x=4 e x= 1 ;
e ) ( a - b )/ (a2 b2 ) ;
b) x=5 ;
c) x = 5
e) x= ( 1 5 )/2
17
f) 3 - 2