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Reciclagem de resduos na construo civil:
Contribuio
para
metodologia
de
pesquisa
e
desenvolvimento. So Paulo, 2000
113p.
Tese (Livre Docncia) Escola Politcnica da
Universidade de So Paulo. Departamento de Engenharia
de Construo Civil.
1. Reciclagem. 2. Meio Ambiente. 3. Metodologia. 4.
Materiais de construo
Universidade de So Paulo. Escola Politcnica.
Departamento de Engenharia de Construo Civil.

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