DOUBLE SENSE WORDS

comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo gramatical mltiplos. Freqentemente
este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem sempre cobrem as
mesmas reas de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de polissemia, ocorre com
qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem inmeras palavras de mltiplo significado. , entretanto
a ocorrncia do fenmeno na lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular
sempre mais difcil do que o inverso.

Portanto, sempre que diferentes idias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua me do aluno corresponderem a
diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras
do ingls que correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem eventualmente funcionar como
sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas
ocorrncias mais usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno.

Segundo
Ingls Primeiro significado
significado
Abstract Abstrato Resumo
Determinar
Affiliate Filiar-se
Paternidade
Affluent Afluente Rico
Paciente de
Ambulant Capaz de Caminhar
Ambulatrio
Apology Apologia Desculpas
Application Aplicao Requerimento
Apply Aplicar Inscrever-se
Argument Argumento Discusso
Arm Arma Brao
Bachelor Bacharel Solteiro
Balance Balana Equilbrio
Ball Bola Baile, Bala (projtil)
Bar Bar Barra
Bat Basto de beisebol Morcego
Cancel Cancelar Carimbar
Capital Capital Maiscula
Case Caso Estojo
Cell Clula Cela
Personagem,
Character Carter
caractere
China China Porcelana
Class Classe Aula
Classified Classificado Confidencial
Club Clube Taco de golfe
Coll Fresco Legal
Collect Colecionar Cobrar, coletar
Compass Compasso Bssola
Confirmed Confirmado Inveterado
Consistent Consistente Compatvel
Content Contente Contedo
Date Date Tmara, Encontro
Directory Diretoria Lista telefnica
Easy Fcil Em Paz / Confortvel
 Effective Efetivo Verdadeiro
Entertain Entreter Receber visitas
Faculty Faculdade (mental) Corpo Docente
Figure Figura Nmero
Fix Fixar Consertar
General General Geral
Individual Individual Indivduo
Interest Interesse Juros
Just Justo Apenas
Legend Legenda Lenda
Letter Letra Carta
Match Ligar (Relacionar) Partida (Jogo)
Major Major Principal
Manifest Manifesto bvio
Mark Marca Nota
Mass Massa Missa
Matter Matria Assunto
Medicine Medicina Remdio
Move Mover Mudar
Observe Observar Celebrar
Official Oficial Autoridade
Oil leo Petrleo
Operator Operador Telefonista
Order Ordem Pedido
Park Parque Estacionar
Period Perodo Menstruao
Plant Planta Fbrica
Principal Principal Diretor da escola
Pupil Pupila Aluno
Race Raa Corrida
Rare Raro Mal passado (carne)
Record Recorde Gravar
Rest Resto Descansar
Retire Retirar Aposentar
Roll Rolo Lista
Save Salvar Economizar
Scale Escala Balana
Sequel Sequela Sequencia
Spectacles Espetculos culos
Spirits Espritos Bebida alcolica
Story Estria Pavimento, andar
Subject Sujeito Assunto
To Play Jogar/ Brincar Tocar / Imitar
Turkey Turquia Peru
Vice Vice Vcio

EXERCCIOS
A) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenas:

1) I need to cancel your documents.

( ) cancelar ( ) carimbar
2) She is the principal of the school.
( ) diretora ( ) principal

3) His mark was terrible.

( ) marca ( ) nota

4) The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b).
a- ( ) operador ( ) telefonista
b- ( ) planta ( ) fbrica

5) We are lost. We need a compass now.

( ) bssola ( ) compasso

6) He is the most famous bachelor of the party.

( ) bacharel ( ) solteiro

7) Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)?

a- ( ) capital ( ) principal
b- ( ) porcelana ( ) China

8) Brasilia is the capital of Brazil.

( ) capital ( ) maiscula

9) I use capital letter to write my name.

( ) capital ( )maiscula

10) I appreciate Chinese china.

( ) porcelana ( ) China

11) John collects caps.

( ) coleciona ( ) cobrou

B) D os respectivos significados das palavras repetidas em cada segmento:

1) a) Mike is not married. He is a bachelor.

b) He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in Biology.

2) We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This directory is in the directory of
the school.

1) The character of this film has a bad character.

2) You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters.

MOUSE MEMORIES
In 1968 Douglas Engelbart demoed a strange device called a mouse. Last week 1.500 people gathered at Stanford
University to honor him. Speakers stressed that Engelbarts contributions went beyond the mouse.
His Stanford computer was the second one to hook up to ARPAnet, the Internets predecessor, and he developed the first
use of multiple windows. More important, Engelbart strove to enhance human intelligence, thus improving our ability to
solve problems.
Well click to that.
(Newsweek, December 28, 1998)
(SCANNING) Responda as questes abaixo:

1) O que aconteceu:
a) em 1968?
______________________________________________________________________________

b) durante a semana anterior a 28 de dezembro de 1998?

______________________________________________________________________________

2) Na frase: Well click to that, o termo em destaque passa a idia de:

a) discordar
b) aprovar
c) rejeitar
d) aplaudir

3) Verdadeiro ou Falso:
Segundo os oradores, o trabalho de Engelbart restringiu-se criao do mouse. (cite a linha do texto em que se
encontra essa informao)
______________________________________________________________________

4) De onde foi retirado o texto lido?

a) de um jornal
b) da internet
c) de um livro
d) de uma revista
5) Faa, em portugus, um breve resumo sobre o texto.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CONECTORES

1. ADIO:
- and : e
- in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: alm disso
- as well as: assim como
- also: tambm
- apart from: com exceo de
- both....and: ambos; tanto como
- not only ... but also: no apenas...mas tambm
2. CONTRASTE/CONCESSO/ADVERSATIVA:
- but: mas
- however, neverthless: entretanto
- yet: entretanto, ainda
- although, even though, though: embora
- nonetheless, notwithstanding: no obstante
- despite that, in spite of: apesar de
- rather than, instead of: em vez de
- whereas: enquanto

3. PROPSITO: - in order to: a fim de

- so as to: de modo que
4. CONSEQUNCIA/CONCLUSO:
- therefore: portanto
- consequently, as a result: consequentemente
- accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente
- hence: pois, ento, da
- thus: assim
- thereby: assim, desse modo
- then: ento
- so: ento, pois
- finally: finalmente

5. ALTERNATIVA - otherwise: por outro lado

- or: ou
- or else: ou ento, ou ainda
- either ... or: ou... ou
- while, whereas: enquanto

6. REITERAO:
- that is: isto
- in other words: em outras palavras
- in short, in brief: em resumo
- i.e. : (do latim) isto
- that is to say: quer dizer

7. COMPARAO:
- like, as: como
- than: do que

8. ILUSTRAO:
- e.g. : (do latim) por exemplo
- for instance, for example: por exemplo
- such as: tal como
- namely: a saber
- viz: (do latim) quer dizer

9. CONDIO:
- if: se
- unless: se no, a menos que
- provided that: uma vez que
- on condition that: desde que
- as long as: uma vez que
- subject to: sujeito a
- wether: se

10. CAUSA:
- because: porque
- due to: devido a
- as: porque
- since: uma vez que

11. DVIDA OU HIPTESE: - perhaps, maybe: talvez

- possibly: possivelmente

12. TEMPORAL: - when: quando while: enquanto

 GRUPOS NOMINAIS
So grupos de palavras, compostos por duas ou mais palavras que esto relacionadas entre si, sendo que uma a
palavra principal; o substantivo (ncleo), e as outras so os modificadores; palavras que caracterizam o substantivo.

Exs.: Electric Energy = Energia Eltrica

Private Investors = Investidores Privados
State Government = Governo Estadual

Observe que nos grupos nominais em Ingls a palavra principal, ou seja, o substantivo (ncleo) sempre a ltima
palavra do grupo, ao passo que em portugus ns comeamos o grupo com ela. Assim, temos:

United Kingdom Parliamentary Vote

Reino Unido Voto Parlamentar

Os grupos nominais podem ter mais de um modificador:

Red Cross Emblem = Emblema da Cruz Vermelha

Vrias siglas so iniciais de Grupo Nominais:

VIP = Very Important Person = ________________________________________________
WTC = World Trade Center = _________________________________________________
WHO = World Health Organization = ___________________________________________
NASA = National Air and Space Administration = _________________________________
USAF = United States Air Force = ______________________________________________
USA = United States of America________________________________________________
FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation_______________________________________________

Outros Exemplos:
Modern computer = Computador moderno
Central processor = Processador central
Laser printer = Impressora laser
Personal computer = Computador pessoal

Incredible speed = velocidade incrvel

(ncleo)

Hard disk = disco rgido

(ncleo)

Input devices = dispositivos de entrada

(ncleo)
Confirma-se ento que a ordem dos grupos nominais em Ingls INVERSA ordem em Portugus:

Data Processing = Processamento de dados

Central Processing Unit = Unidade Central de Processamento

Arithmetic and Logic Operations = Operaes lgicas e aritmticas

Operaes aritmticas e lgicas
Electronic machine = Mquina eletrnica
Pense nas seguintes estruturas: Como elas seriam traduzidas para o Portugus?

Car race = ________________________

Exerccios
Race car = ________________________
1) Qual o significado das siglas e as suas respectivas tradues: Para completar esta tarefa procure em
dicionrios e na internet.
a. IMF (International Monetary Fund): ______________________________________
b. NATO (North-Atlantic Treat Organization): _________________________________
c. EEC (European Economic Community): ____________________________________
d. UNO (United Nations Organization): ______________________________________
e. USA (United States of America): __________________________________________
f. CPU (______________________________________________________________):
________________________________________________________________
i. CD (________________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
j.ALU(____________________________________________________________________):______
____________________________________________________________
k. ALGOL (____________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
l.BASIC(_______________________________________________________________)

o. DDD (______________________________________________________________)
______________________________________________________________________
p. DOS (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
q. IBM (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
t. PC (________________________________________________________________):
_____________________________________________________________________
u.HTML(____________________________________________________________________):____
____________________________________________________________
v.WWW(_____________________________________________________________________)____
___________________________________________________________

O texto seguinte foi adaptado do Manual do Software Simulador de Circuitos

Electronics Workbench Verso 5, produzido pela Interactive Image Technologies.
Diode
Diodes allow current to flow in only one direction and can therefore be used as simple solidstate switches in AC circuits,
being either open (not conducting) or closed (conducting).Terminal A is called the anode and terminal K is called the
cathode.

Exerccios de Interpretao de texto

1. Faa a verso para portugus do primeiro pargrafo do texto.

2. De acordo com o texto, como so denominados os terminais do diodo?

3) Passe os seguintes grupos nominais para o Portugus:

a. Data Communication Processor - ____________________________________________

b. Artificial Intelligence - ____________________________________________________
c. Backup System - _________________________________________________________
d. Secondary Memory - _____________________________________________________
e. Control Structure - _______________________________________________________
f. Central Processing Unit - __________________________________________________
g. Magnetic Tape - _________________________________________________________
h. Operating System - ______________________________________________________
i. Access Control - _________________________________________________________
j. Data Processing Department - _______________________________________________
k. Auxiliary Equipment - ____________________________________________________
l. Control Circuits - _________________________________________________________
m. Automatic electronic devices -______________________________________________
n. Last generation program - ________________________________________________________
o. correctly programmed data - ________________________________________________________
p. Computer integrated circuits. - ______________________________________________________

OBS: Os exemplos dados nas atividades a seguir foram adaptados do livro: Infotech English for Computer Users.

I) Os grupos nominais a seguir so bastante simples. So formados pelo ncleo (head word = HW) que o
substantivo e um modificador = Modifier (M), que pode ser adjetivo ou substantivo. Grife o ncleo (HW) e
faa a traduo.

1) Disabled worker = trabalhador incapacitado

2) Rehabilitation engineer =
3) Employs abilities =
4) Pointing device =
5) Speech synthesizer =
6) Disk controller =

II) Nesta segunda atividade temos: o ncleo e dois modificadores (um artigo e um adjetivo ou substantivo):

1. the major informations = as informaes principais

2. a brief introduction = uma breve introduo (ou uma introduo breve)
3. the English language =
4. the principal program =
5. the file areas =

III) Agora vamos trabalhar com grupos um pouco maiores, compostos de um ncleo mais dois, trs ou mais
adjetivos e/ou substantivos. Esses grupos podem ou no vir precedidos de artigos.

1. ARP -- (Advanced Research Projects) =

2. ASP -- (Application Service Provider) =
3. AT&T American Telephone & Telegraph Company =
4. CDMA -- (Code Division Multiple Access) =
5. CRM - - (Customer Relationship Management) =
6. DHCP -- (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) =
7. DHTML -- (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language) =
8. DNS (Domain Name System) =
9. DSL -- (Digital Subscriber Line) =
10. Email -- (Electronic Mail) =
11. ERP - - (Enterprise Resource Planning) =
12. FAQ -- (Frequently Asked Questions) =
13. FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol) =
14. HDD Hard Disk Drive =
15. HTML -- (HyperText Markup Language) =
16. HTTP -- (HyperText Transfer Protocol) =
17. IMAP -- (Internet Message Access Protocol) =
18. IP Internet Protocol =
19. ISP -- (Internet Service Provider) =
20. IT -- (Information Technology) =
21. JPEG -- (Joint Photographic Experts Group) =
22. LAN Local Area Network =
23. MAC Address (Media Access Control Address) =
24. MUD -- (Multi-User Dungeon or Dimension) =
25. OCR Optical Character Recognition =
26. OSI (Open Source Initiative) =
27. PDF -- (Portable Document Format) =
28. PPP -- (Point to Point Protocol) =
29. SEO -- (Search Engine Optimization) =
30. SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) =
31. SQL -- (Structured Query Language) =
32. Sysop -- (System Operator) =
33. TCP Transmission Control Protocol =
34. URI -- (Uniform Resource Identifier) =
35. URL Uniform Resource Locator =
36. URN -- (Uniform Resource Name) =
37. VOIP -- (Voice Over IP) =
38. VPN -- (Virtual Private Network) =
39. WAN -- (Wide Area Network) =
40. Wi-Fi -- (Wireless Fidelity) =

IV) H tambm os grupos nominais com a palavra of, onde a ordem das palavras continua igual em portugus.
Observe que o ncleo do grupo nominal vem antes da preposio of.

1. The performance of program = a performance de programa

2. A long history of personal computers = uma longa histria de computadores pessoais
3. An essential part of a printer =
4. A important group of personal files =
5. Different languages of the same families =
6. POP = Point of Presence =
 Exerccio de Interpretao de Texto

1. Leia o texto abaixo e responda as respectivas perguntas:

what you need in the telecommunication?

In the modern world, some companies are finding it more efficient to have certain employees stay at home and do all of
their work on their home computers. Then, using telecommunicatios, they transmit their work over a modem into the office
where it is printed and distributed.
Telecommunications are used now for hundreds of different applications. Investors routinely check their stock market
holdings, pilots file flight plans and get weather briefings, and shoppers compare and purchase merchandise on their
computers. national and international electronic mail is sent and received with local phone calls, and electronic bulletin,
boards are used for everything from selling used cars to finding dates.
Telecommunicating is accomplished by linking your computer to telephone lines and contacting someone through a
device called modem.
a) Como podemos enxergar a Telecomunicaes nos dias de hoje?
b) De acordo com o texto quais as aplicaes diferentes nas Telecomunicaes?
c) Como feita a Telecommunicating?
2. Explique a definio de cada elemento relatado abaixo:
A modem
Modem transmission speeds are measured in baud, roughly equivalent to bits per
second(bps). Typical speeds are 9600, 14400 and 28800 baud.
E-mail
Eletronic mail requires some special software. You type a message onto your computer
screen, click a send button and it pops up on the recipient's screen - provide that he or she is connected to your computer
via a network like the Internet.
Fax-modem
Is a modem with software and hardware which can emulate a fax machine. this allows you to receive a fax directly into
your computer, where you can read it or your printer. To send a fax you prepare the document on your computer- for
example, by using a word processor.
A stand-alone fax service
Is a facsimile machine which transmits copies of original documents. It operates by scanning pictorial or textual
documents so that the image is converted into electrical signals which are sent to and used by a receiving machine that
produces a copy of the original.
Teletext on ITV and Channel Four
Is an information service in Britain which broadcsts a database alongside the TV signal. It provides constantly updated
and real time information.

O texto seguinte foi adaptado do Manual do Software Simulador de Circuitos

Eletronics Workbench verso 5, produzido pela Interactive Image Techologies.

Full-wave bridge rectifier

This component uses four diodes to perform full-wave rectification of an input AC voltage. Two diodes conduct during
each half cycle, giving a full-wave rectified output voltage.
The top and bottom terminals can be used as the input terminals for the AC voltage. The left and right terminals can be
used as the output DC terminals.
Characteristic Equation
The average output DC voltage is approximately given by:
VDC = 0.636 * (Vp 1.4)
Where Vp = the peak value of the input AC voltage

Exerccios de Interpretao de Texto

1. Qual o nome do componente a que se refere este texto?
2. Faa a verso para o portugus do primeiro pargrafo do texto.
3. De acordo com o texto, para que servem os terminais 1, 2, 3 e 4 do componente?
4. Qual a tenso mdia CC na sada do componente se na entrada aplicada uma
tenso alternada com valor de pico de 20V?