Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
mtodos e aplicaes
GPS (E.U.A.)
NAVSTAR - GPS
Navigation Satellite Timing And Ranging
Global Positioning System
NAVSTAR - GPS - Juno de dois programas militares
Naval Research Laboratory - TIMATION program
Air Force - 621B Project
Gerenciado pelo Department of Defense - DoD
Satlites Bloco I: lanados a partir de 1978 (desativados)
Satlites Bloco II: operacionais a partir 1989 (desativados)
Satlites Bloco IIA: lanados a partir 1990
Prof. Dr. Rubens Angulo Filho
ESALQ / USP
1.1 O sistema GPS: histrico
Cobertura Global
PRECISO
EXATIDO
24 satlites na constelao
final (27 satlites operacionais)
6 planos com inclinao 55
em cada plano 4 satlites
rbita muito alta
20.183 km,12.545 milhas
perodo aprox. 12 horas
preciso
grande autonomia
cobertura global
do satlite
do receptor
0500 Z do receptor 1
0500 Z do satlite
0500 Z do receptor 2
Sinal recebido
Tempo SV
Tempo SV
Tempo receptor
1. Latitude
2. Longitude
3. Altitude
4. Tempo
So necessrias 4 equaes
20.000 km
21.000 km
Interseo:
circunferncia
A 4 medio apontar
para s um dos pontos
6 seg
4 seg
pseudorange pseudorange
posicionamento
posicionamento
representado por um
disperso quando os
quadrado
satlites so prximos
Mtodo Esttico:
L1 ou L1/L2
60 minutos de observao (recomendado)
Uma ocupao (estao) por arquivo de dados
Dados normalmente gravados a cada 15 segundos -
taxa de sincronismo
Quick Start opo mais simples do receptor para
gravar dados
Mtodo Cinemtico:
L1 suficiente
Varias estaes num s arquivo de dados
Taxa de sincronismo normalmente 2 - 5 segundos
(ou at 15 segundos, dependendo da velocidade da
antena)
Deve-se fazer inicializao (obteno de N)
Deve-se manter o sinal de no mnimo 4 SVs o
tempo todo, ou reocupar uma base (dx,dy,dz)
conhecida
Sinal Direto
Sinal Refletido
GLONASS (RSSIA)
Plano 1
2 3
180
11 19
150 3
20
120
12
90 21
4
60 13
5
30 22
Equador 150 14 270 Asc eno Reta
6 23 do Nodo
-30 15
Asc endente
7
-60 24
16
-90 8
17
-120 9
1
-150
18
-180 2 10
527.23 532.54
525.26
523.84 529.71 533.46
528.79
527.08 528.94 531.11
528.53 533.05 534.80
523.13
527.24
533.62 534.97
535.62
525.86 534.91
522.68
524.66 529.78
531.07 536.36
535.32
523.77
534.03
524.21 531.03
525.08 533.01 535.37
529.11 536.19 536.33
527.78 534.41
525.56
527.24 535.09 536.21 536.40
531.26
531.28 533.04
534.07
519.83 530.72
529.16 534.85 536.14
53
527.52 536.48
536.27
6,0
00
522.60
534.80 536.36
532.19 534.28 535.41
519.93 532.97
529.04 531.33 534.84
531.01
522.56 524.73
53
536.34
5,0
534.80 534.29
00
535.39
00
524.13 529.37
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520.15 530.88
52
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531.78 535.07 536.18
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00
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531.06 534.72
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00
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531.36 534.29
534.34
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527.87 532.79 533.41 534.85
532.48 533.63
0
533.02 534.20
525.92 534.10 534.54
527.03 529.26 534.10
526.71 531.83 534.15
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533.03
531.47 532.77 533.91
524.14 533.92
525.95 528.39 531.34 532.91 533.68 533.29
522.57
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533.24
533.81
533.32
532.03
529.51 532.73 533.12 533.58
533,000
533.29
530.31
531.14 533.18
532.38 532.93 532.53
530.92 532.95 533.19
528.91 533.25
533.20 533.13 533.06 533.15
527.65 533.01
526.91
526.93
526.07 531.65
531.95 532.83 532.33 532.13
522.61 524.69 532.89 531.76
523.36 531.22
522.60 523.44 524.94 528.94 532.12 531.11
526.99
526.32 532.85
532.31
527.92 531.24 532.85
530.35 531.29 531.43
527.42 532.04 532.95
532.86
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531.04
2,0
529.65 531.27 532.09 530.39 530.13
00
526.26
527.16 530.52 531.09
523.62 524.97 526.78 532.25
522.67 531.57 532.06
531.46
529.08 530.09 532.19 531.46
526.28 531.68 531.12
529.46
531.86 530.39
528.34 531.06
530.86 528.63
529.07 531.21
525.35 531.23 531.08 529.58
531.53 530.05
530.14 530.98
531,
000
531.34 530.91
531.00 531.13
526.94 528.17
527.04 527.80 529.53
529.41 530.00 527.65
526.10 529.35
524.05
528.81
527.06 529.70
529.79
525.20 530.93 529.12 527.08
530.28 530.65 530.33
530.45
522.71 528.23 528.53
530,00 527.98 527.11
524.24 0 528.91
525.38 529.83
528.87
523.61
529.31 527.55
529.14 526.45 525.40
524.37
522.74 529.35
527.25 529,
529.19
000 527.41 525.55
529.27 529.04
528.28
527.25
525.72
522.76 525.85 524.27
527.54 528,000
528.21 528.00
527.81
527.83 528.07 526.93 525.49 523.95
524.85 526.46
526.63 526.94
525.34 523.88
526.79 527,0
00
527.30 527.08 526.83
527.09 527.11
525.01 525.37
527.15
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523.02 525.11
526,000 525.47
525.29
525.65
525.25 523.81
522.96 525.49 525.59 525.69
524.12
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0
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524.30 524.56 523.73
523.01 524.46 524.58
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522.88 523.34
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523.08 523.24
541.10 543.99
542.07
540.14
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547.35
529.62 541.10 540.14 544.71
541.10
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542.30 546.15
544.47 544.71
550.00 535.58
543.51
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0000
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545.19
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537,000 537.50 541.58 537.50
538,000 540.14 542.30 544.71
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543.27 541.34
540.14 541.34 540.62
541.58
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545.19 547.59
542.79
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537.74 00 537.26 541.10 548.79
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542.79 543.99 544,0 00 543.99 550.24
540.62
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545.91 541.83
538.70 541.34
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540.86 539.66
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539.66 538.70
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547.83 539.42
541.34 541.34
546.87 540.86
536.78 537.50
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540.62
532.93 540.14
545.19 532.93 541.83
534.13 537.02
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539.18 538.94
542.07 541.10
539.18 539.66
537.02
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540.38542.30
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542.79
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Taylor (2004)
Prof. Dr. Rubens Angulo Filho
ESALQ / USP
6.5 Navegao / Recreao