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SUMçRIO
APRESENTAÇÃO ............................................................................................................................... 2
INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS ............................................................................................................. 4
OS 4 PASSOS PARA GABARITAR AS QUESTÕES DE INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO: ........................................... 4
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APRESENTA‚ÌO
Conjun•›es. AdvŽrbios.
01 05/04/18
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Passadas as considera•›es iniciais, vamos dar in’cio a nossa aula 00. Todos
preparados?
Um grande abra•o!
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INTERPRETA‚ÌO DE TEXTOS
Como assim, Marina? Quer dizer que mesmo sem ter um conhecimento
profundo do ingl•s, tampouco um dom’nio vasto do vocabul‡rio eu posso ter um
—timo desempenho na prova de ingl•s? ƒ exatamente isso, caro(a) aluno(a)! J
2o Passo) Fazer uma breve leitura das assertivas - Essa etapa tem como
objetivo conhecer o que a quest‹o solicita.
3o Passo) Retornar ao texto, agora com uma vis‹o mais detalhada - Essa
segunda leitura do texto dever‡ ser mais atenta e detalhada, ÒprocurandoÓ os
t—picos tratados nas alternativas. Destacar as palavras-chave (keywords) Ž um
recurso bastante eficiente.
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O ingl•s Ž mais r’gido, pois praticamente n‹o existem ora•›es sem sujeito
e ele Ž posicionado sempre antes do verbo em frases afirmativas e negativas. O
sujeito consiste em um nome pr—prio (ex: Paul is my friend), um pronome (ex:
He's my friend) ou um substantivo (ex: The house is big).
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IÕm reading an article about economy.
(Eu estou lendo um artigo sobre economia.)
interesting (interessante)
exciting (empolgante)
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amusing (divertido)
tiring (cansativo)
surprising (surpreendente)
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contest = competi•‹o; concurso - contestar = to impeach; to impugn; to
challenge
PRONOMES - PRONOUNS
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We (n—s) à us (nos)
She is french.
(Ela Ž francesa.)
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b) Objeto de preposi•‹o:
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It started to rain.
(Come•ou a chover.)
!
!
your - teu; tua; seu; sua à yours - (o) teu; (a) tua; (o) seu; (a) sua
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his - dele à his - (o, a) dele
its - dele; dela (neutro) à its - (o, a) dele; (o, a) dela (neutro)
their - deles; delas (neutro) à theirs - (o, a) deles; (o, a) delas (neutro)
My dress is new.
(Meu vestido Ž novo.)
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em singular e plural.
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They - eles; elas à themselves - a si; a eles mesmos; a elas mesmas; -se
Observe alguns exemplos em que a a•‹o do verbo recai sobre o pr—prio sujeito
que a pratica e concorda com ele:
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(Eles pr—prios cozinharam o jantar.)
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PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS SUBSTANTIVOS E PRONOMES
DEMONSTRATIVOS ADJETIVOS - DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
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!
!
a) Na l’ngua inglesa, os adjetivos n‹o possuem g•nero e nœmero. Os Pronomes
Demonstrativos, com fun•‹o de adjetivo, s‹o os œnicos que concordam em
nœmero com o substantivo que acompanham. No exemplo abaixo, somente
o Pronome Demonstrativo those Ž que concorda em nœmero com o substantivo
que acompanha, no caso ÒhousesÓ. J‡ o adjetivo ÒexpensiveÓ permanece no
singular.
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2. THE ONE, THE ONES (o; a; ao; as; o que; os que; a que; os que; as que)
That was a good song, but the one I heard last weekend was better.
(Essa can•‹o estava boa, mas a que eu ouvi no fim de semana passado era
melhor.)
Are these clothes imported from Europe? The ones I bought last week were very
beautiful.
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(Estas roupas s‹o importadas da Europa? As que eu comprei na semama passada
estavam muito bonitas.)
My sister had two children: The former is a boy, the latter is a girl.
(A minha irm‹ teve dois filhos: O primeiro Ž um menino, o segundo Ž uma
menina.)
1. SOME (algum; alguns; alguma; algumas; algo; um; uns; uma; umas; um
pouco de)
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2. SOMEBODY/SOMEONE (alguŽm)
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6. ANY (algum; alguns; alguma; algumas; nenhum; nenhuma; um; uns; uma;
umas; qualquer)
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(De qualquer maneira, eu farei apenas o que quero.)
I have no money.
(N‹o tenho dinheiro nenhum.)
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ou
I eat no fruit.
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(Eu n‹o como nenhuma fruta.)
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O pronome relativo who tambŽm pode referir-se a animais, desde que eles
tenham nomes ou sejam conhecidos.
The piano which/that he was playing is mine. / The piano he was playing is
mine.
(O piano que ele estava tocando Ž meu.)
The cat which/that I saw was mewing. / The cat I saw was mewing.
(O gato que eu vi estava miando.)
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5. O pronome relativo whose (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas) estabelece uma rela•‹o
de posse e Ž usado com qualquer antecedente. Esse pronome Ž sempre seguido
por um substantivo e nunca pode ser omitido.
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(O lugar onde trabalho Ž longe daqui. / O lugar onde trabalho fica longe daqui.)
7. O pronome relativo when (quando, em que, no qual, na qual, nos quais, nas
quais) Ž usado referindo-se a dia, m•s, ano, etc.
8. What (o que) pode ser usado como pronome relativo e tambŽm pode exercer
fun•‹o de sujeito ou objeto.
What is this?
(O que Ž isto?)
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WHERE? = ONDE?
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WHEN? = QUANDO?
HOW? = COMO?
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1. ONE (singular)
2. ONES (plural)
Which shoes do you want: the red ones or the white ones?
(Quais sapatos voc• quer: os vermelhos ou os brancos?)
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3. A ... ONE
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(NUNCA: Ò... IÕll give you some oneÓ)
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7. NOUN MODIFIERS (substantivos modificadores; substantivos auxiliares)
Do you prefer coffee cups or tea cups? (NUNCA: Ò... tea ones.Ó)
(Voc• prefere x’caras de cafŽ ou x’caras de ch‡?)
8. THAT OF
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ARTIGOS - ARTICLES
He wrote some letters and e-mails. The letters were to his girlfriend.
(Ele escreveu algumas cartas e e-mails. As cartas eram para sua namorada.)
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The Sun (O sol), the Moon (a lua), the sky (o cŽu), the planet Earth (o
planeta Terra), the universe (o universo), etc.
The Amazonas River (O Rio Amazonas), The Pacif Ocean (O Oceano Pac’fico),
The English Channel (O Canal da Mancha), The North Pole (O Polo Norte),
The Gulf of Mexico (O Golfo do MŽxico), The Bahamas (As Bahamas), The
Alps (Os alpes), etc.
The poor (Os pobres), the powerful (os poderosos), the good (os bons), the
bad (os maus).
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The United Arab Emirates. (Os Emirados çrabes Unidos.)
Maria is my friend.
(A Maria Ž minha amiga.)
(NUNCA: "The Maria is my friend.")
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The Capitol, The Empire States, The Louvre, The Kremlin, The Taj Mahal,
The Vatican.
12. Com o grau comparativo, para indicar que duas coisas aumentam
ou diminuem na mesma propor•‹o:
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(As crian•as gostam de brinquedos.)
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Kevin is an astronaut.
(Kevin Ž um astronauta.)
Observe que algumas nacionalidades t•m duas palavras diferentes (uma para
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o adjetivo e outra para o substantivo):
e) Diante das palavras few e little com sentido positivo (algum, alguns
= o suficiente)
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Can you give me some money?
[Voc• pode me dar um (algum) dinheiro?]
We'll live in Italy for one year. / We'll live in Italy for a year.
(Vamos morar na It‡lia por um ano.)
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d) Utiliza-se one na express‹o-padr‹o one...other/another:
e) One tambŽm Ž usado em express›es como one day, one evening, one
spring para indicar dia, noite, primavera sem os especificar:
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îrg‹o: CBTU
Banca: CONSULPLAN
Ano: 2014
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WeÕre helping UNIQLO grow by 350%. Now thatÕs a fashion statement.
Estamos ajudando a UNIQLO crescer em 350%. Agora essa Ž uma declara•‹o
de moda.
So far, sales have more than tripled, making Fast Retailing, with its flagship
brand UNIQLO, the 4th largest private label in the world.
AtŽ agora, as vendas mais do que triplicaram, fazendo do Varejo R‡pido, com
sua principal marca UNIQLO, a 4» maior marca privada do mundo.
16
UNIQLO sells
A UNIQLO vende
A) clothing.
roupas.
B) flagship.
loja conceito.
C) retailers.
varejistas.
D) outsourcing.
terceiriza•‹o.
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Gabarito: A
17
ACCENTURE will offer its clients
A ACCENTURE oferecer‡ aos seus clientes
A) advise on business.
conselho sobre neg—cios.
B) standardized labels.
r—tulos padronizados.
D) merchandize supply.
fornecimento de mercadorias.
Gabarito: A
18
In ÒWe are helping UNIQLO grow by 350%.Ó, 350% is read
Em "Estamos ajudando a UNIQLO crescer em 350%.", 350% Ž lido
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trinta e cinco cem por cento.
Gabarito: A
ORCHESTRA SEATS TO
LES MISERABLES
FOR JUST $45!
ASSENTOS DA ORQUESTRA PARA
OS MISERçVEIS
POR APENAS US$45!
After youÕre finished seeing one New York Landmark, come see another Ð LES
MISERABLES, at the Imperial Theatre! Simply bring this flyer to the Imperial Theatre box
office, 249 West 45 th Street, or call Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 and mention the code
LXSTATE. This special $45 ticket offer, a savings of $35 per ticket, is good at Tuesday,
Wednesday and Thursday evening performances,
Depois que voc• tiver terminado de ver um Monumento de Nova York, venha ver outro Ð
OS MISERçVEIS, no Teatro Imperial! Basta trazer este panfleto para a bilheteria do Teatro
Imperial, 249 West 45th Street, ou ligar para Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 e mencionar o
c—digo LXSTATE. Essa oferta especial do ingresso por US$45, uma economia de US$35
por ingresso, Ž v‡lida nas apresenta•›es de ter•a, quarta e quinta ˆ noite,
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19
The ticket for the teather normally costs
O ingresso para o teatro normalmente custa
After youÕre finished seeing one New York Landmark, come see another Ð LES
MISERABLES, at the Imperial Theatre! Simply bring this flyer to the Imperial Theatre
box office, 249 West 45 th Street, or call Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 and mention the
code LXSTATE. This special $45 ticket offer, a savings of $35 per ticket, is good at
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday evening performances,
Depois que voc• tiver terminado de ver um Monumento de Nova York, venha ver outro
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Ð OS MISERçVEIS, no Teatro Imperial! Basta trazer este panfleto para a bilheteria do
Teatro Imperial, 249 West 45th Street, ou ligar para Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 e
mencionar o c—digo LXSTATE. Essa oferta especial do ingresso por US$45, uma
economia de US$35 por ingresso, Ž v‡lida nas apresenta•›es de ter•a, quarta e
quinta ˆ noite,
Gabarito: A
20
ÒLes MisŽrablesÓ is a/an
"Os Miser‡veis" Ž um/uma
A) play.
pe•a de teatro.
B) office.
escrit—rio.
C) concert.
concerto.
D) building.
constru•‹o.
After youÕre finished seeing one New York Landmark, come see another Ð LES
MISERABLES, at the Imperial Theatre! Simply bring this flyer to the Imperial Theatre
box office, 249 West 45 th Street, or call Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 and mention the
code LXSTATE. This special $45 ticket offer, a savings of $35 per ticket, is good at
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday evening performances,
Depois que voc• tiver terminado de ver um Monumento de Nova York, venha ver outro
Ð OS MISERçVEIS, no Teatro Imperial! Basta trazer este panfleto para a bilheteria do
Teatro Imperial, 249 West 45th Street, ou ligar para Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 e
mencionar o c—digo LXSTATE. Essa oferta especial do ingresso por US$45, uma
economia de US$35 por ingresso, Ž v‡lida nas apresenta•›es de ter•a, quarta e quinta
ˆ noite,
Gabarito: A
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îrg‹o: CEMIG Telecom
Banca: FUMARC
Ano: 2016
Read the following text and choose the option which best completes each
question, according to the text:
Leia o seguinte texto e escolha a op•‹o que melhor completa cada pergunta,
de acordo com o texto:
Think your world view is fixed? Learn another language and youÕll
think differently
Acha que a sua vis‹o de mundo est‡ definida? Aprenda outro idioma e voc•
pensar‡ de forma diferente
Bilinguals get all the advantages. Better job prospects, cognitive improvement,
and even protection against dementia. Now new research shows that they can
also view the world in different ways depending on the language they are
operating in.
Os bil’ngues obt•m todas as vantagens. Melhores perspectivas de emprego,
melhorias cognitivas e atŽ prote•‹o contra dem•ncia. Agora, novas pesquisas
mostram que eles tambŽm podem ver o mundo de diferentes maneiras,
dependendo do idioma em que est‹o operando.
In the past fifteen years there has been an overwhelming amount of research
on the bilingual mind, with the majority of the evidence pointing to the
tangible advantages of using more than one language. Going back and forth
between languages appears to be a kind of brain training, pushing your brain
to be flexible.
Nos œltimos quinze anos, houve uma enorme quantidade de pesquisas sobre a
mente bil’ngue, com a maioria das evid•ncias apontando para as vantagens
tang’veis de usar mais de um idioma. Ir para l‡ e para c‡ entre as l’nguas
parece ser um tipo de treinamento cerebral, impulsionando o seu cŽrebro para
ser flex’vel.
Just as regular exercise gives your body some biological benefits, mentally
controlling two or more languages gives your brain cognitive benefits. This
mental flexibility pays big dividends especially later in life: the typical signs of
cognitive ageing occur later in bilinguals Ð and the onset of age-related
degenerative disorders such as dementia or AlzheimerÕs are delayed in
bilinguals by up to five years.
Assim como o exerc’cio regular d‡ ao seu corpo alguns benef’cios biol—gicos, o
dom’nio mental de duas ou mais l’nguas proporciona benef’cios cognitivos ao
seu cŽrebro. Esta flexibilidade mental paga grandes dividendos, especialmente
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mais tarde na vida: os sinais t’picos de envelhecimento cognitivo ocorrem mais
tarde em bil’ngues Ð e o in’cio de distœrbios degenerativos relacionados ˆ
idade, como dem•ncia ou doen•a de Alzheimer, s‹o adiados em bil’ngues em
atŽ cinco anos.
People self-report that they feel like a different person when using their
different languages and that expressing certain emotions carries different
emotional resonance depending on the language they are using.
As pessoas autoavaliam que se sentem uma pessoa diferente ao empregar
suas diferentes l’nguas e que expressar certas emo•›es traz diferentes
repercuss›es emocionais dependendo do idioma que est‹o utilizando.
When judging risk, bilinguals also tend to make more rational, economic
decisions in a second language. In contrast to oneÕs first language, it tends to
lack the deepseated, misleading affective biases that unduly influence how
risks and benefits are perceived. So the language you speak in really can affect
the way you think.
Ao julgar o risco, os bil’ngues tambŽm tendem a tomar decis›es mais racionais
e econ™micas em uma segunda l’ngua. Em contraste com a primeira l’ngua,
ele tende a n‹o ter os preconceitos afetivos profundos e enganosos que
influenciam indevidamente a forma como os riscos e os benef’cios s‹o
percebidos. Ent‹o, o idioma que voc• fala realmente pode afetar a maneira
como voc• pensa.
(From: https://goo.gl/GYgpfY. Access: 09/23/2016)
QUESTION 09
PERGUNTA 09
Coment‡rios:
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anos. O texto menciona que nos œltimos quinze anos, houve uma enorme
quantidade de pesquisas sobre a mente bil’ngue (In the past fifteen years
there has been an overwhelming amount of research on the bilingual
mind...) e n‹o que o fato de ser bil’ngue tornou-se realmente significativo
h‡ quinze anos atr‡s.
People self-report that they feel like a different person when using
their different languages and that expressing certain emotions carries
different emotional resonance depending on the language they are
using.
As pessoas autoavaliam que se sentem uma pessoa diferente ao
empregar suas diferentes l’nguas e que expressar certas emo•›es
traz diferentes repercuss›es emocionais dependendo do idioma que
est‹o utilizando.
Gabarito: C
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QUESTION 10
PERGUNTA 10
The modal verb can in Òthey can also view the worldÉÓ (paragraph 1) conveys
the idea of
O verbo modal pode em "eles tambŽm podem ver o mundo ..." (par‡grafo 1)
transmite a idŽia de
(A) certainty.
certeza.
(B) obligation.
obriga•‹o.
(C) permission.
permiss‹o.
(D) possibility.
possibilidade.
Gabarito: D
QUESTION 11
PERGUNTA 11
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(A) has been huge.
foi enorme.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: A
QUESTION 12
PERGUNTA 12
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: D
QUESTION 13
PERGUNTA 13
The word so in ÒSo the language you speak in really can affect the way you
think.Ó (paragraph 5) conveys the idea of
A palavra ent‹o em "Ent‹o, o idioma em que voc• fala realmente pode afetar
a maneira como voc• pensa." (Par‡grafo 5) transmite a idŽia de
(A) cause.
causa.
(B) conclusion.
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conclus‹o.
(C) contrast.
contraste.
(D) finality.
finalidade.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: B
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îrg‹o: Secretaria de Estado de Administra•‹o Pœblica do DF
Banca: IBFC
Ano: 2013
European Union member states could cut their plastic bag use by 80%,
the European commission has said, by charging for bags or even
banning them.
Os pa’ses membros da Uni‹o EuropŽia poderiam cortar seu uso de sacolas
pl‡sticas em 80%, disse a Comiss‹o EuropŽia, cobrando pelas sacolas ou atŽ
mesmo proibindo-as.
Plastic bags are a major cause of seaborne pollution, which is a serious hazard
for marine life, and some regions have already moved to cut their use through
charging. The UK deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, has pledged to bring
forward charges in England that will affect single-use bags given out by
supermarkets.
As sacolas pl‡sticas s‹o uma das principais causas da polui•‹o mar’tima, que Ž
um risco grave para a vida marinha e algumas regi›es j‡ se mobilizaram para
reduzir o seu uso atravŽs da cobran•a. O vice-primeiro-ministro do Reino
Unido, Nick Clegg, prometeu propor encargos na Inglaterra que afetar‹o
sacolas de uso œnico distribu’das pelos supermercados.
The packaging industry has responded by saying that most people use their
plastic bags more than once, for instance using them as bins, but that does not
cut the overall use.
A indœstria de embalagens respondeu dizendo que a maioria das pessoas usa
seus sacos pl‡sticos mais de uma vez, por exemplo, usando-os como lixeiras,
mas isso n‹o diminui o uso geral.
When plastic bags, or pieces of them, find their way into the seas, they are a
major hazard to marine life. A whale found dead on the Southern Spanish
coast was found to have swallowed 17kg of plastic waste, including plastic
bags. Fish, seabirds and mammals can all ingest plastic, which they cannot
digest and which can clog up their guts or cause choking.
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Quando as sacolas pl‡sticas, ou peda•os delas, encontram o seu caminho nos
mares, elas s‹o um grande perigo para a vida marinha. Em uma baleia
encontrada morta na costa do sul da Espanha, foi constatado que havia
engolido 17kg de res’duos pl‡sticos, incluindo sacolas pl‡sticas. Peixe, aves
marinhas e mam’feros, todos podem ingerir pl‡sticos que n‹o conseguem
digerir e que podem obstruir o intestino ou causar sufocamento.
One of the key problems with plastic bags is that they are so light and small
that they easily escape into the environment, defying attempts to recycle
them. The European commission has identified this as a key reason for cutting
the use ofthe bags, and other plastic packaging. The first moves to legislate at
an EU level were made in 2011, and todayÕs announcement is likely to take at
least two years to put into practice.
Um dos principais problemas com sacos pl‡sticos Ž que eles s‹o t‹o leves e
pequenos que eles facilmente escapam para o ambiente, desafiando as
tentativas de recicl‡-los. A comiss‹o EuropŽia identificou isso como uma das
principais raz›es para suprimir o uso das sacolas e de outras embalagens
pl‡sticas. As primeiras medidas para legislar a n’vel da UE foram feitas em
2011 e o anœncio de hoje provavelmente levar‡ no m’nimo dois anos para ser
posto em pr‡tica.
According to the most recent estimates, from 2008, the EU produces 3.4m
tonnes of plastic bags in a year.
De acordo com as estimativas mais recentes, desde 2008 a UE produz 3,4
milh›es de toneladas de sacos pl‡sticos em um ano.
a) Reusing the plastics bags as bins, a hazard for marine life, and charging for
the use of the bags.
Reutiliza•‹o dos sacos pl‡sticos como lixeira, um risco para a vida marinha,
e cobran•a pela utiliza•‹o dos sacos.
b) Charging for the use of the bags, recycling them and setting a national
reduction target.
Cobran•a pela utiliza•‹o dos sacos, a reciclagem deles e o estabelecimento
de uma meta de redu•‹o nacional.
c) Charging for the use of the bags, setting a national reduction target and an
outright ban.
Cobran•a pela utiliza•‹o dos sacos, o estabelecimento de uma meta de
redu•‹o nacional e uma proibi•‹o total.
d) An outright ban, setting a national reduction target and reusing the plastics
bags as bins.
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Proibi•‹o total, estabelecimento de uma meta de redu•‹o nacional e
reutiliza•‹o dos sacos pl‡sticos como lixeiras.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: C
a) Perigo.
b) Preocupa•‹o.
c) Dificuldade.
d) Impacto.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: A
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O tempo verbal nas seguintes frases Ž:
a) Present simple.
Presente simples.
b) Past simple.
Passado simples.
c) Past perfect.
Passado perfeito.
d) Present perfect.
Presente perfeito.
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: D
a) Noun.
Substantivo.
b) Adjective.
Adjetivo.
c) Verb.
Verbo.
d) Adverb.
AdvŽrbio.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: C
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îrg‹o: GasBrasiliano
Banca: IESES
Ano: 2017
a) Has are
Tem
b) Have is
Ter Ž
c) There is
Existe
d) There are
Existem
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: C
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12. Qual alternativa est‡ gramaticalmente INCORRETA?
Coment‡rios:
Observe que a alternativa C Ž a œnica com erro. O correto seria ÒDid you
walk yesterday?Ó, pois o auxiliar ÒdidÓ j‡ est‡ no tempo passado e por isso o
verbo principal deve permanecer no infinitivo (walk).
Gabarito: C
I enjoyed the flight, but the food ______ the plane wasnÕt very nice.
Eu gostei do v™o, mas a comida ______ avi‹o n‹o era muito boa.
a) at - in - in
na-em-em
b) on - at - on
no-na-no
c) in - on - in
em-no-em
d) at - in - on
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na-em-no
Coment‡rios:
Has she got a job? No, she«s still at School. We walked to the restaurant,
but we went home in a taxi. I enjoyed the flight, but the food on the plane
wasnÕt very nice.
Ela conseguiu um emprego? N‹o, ela ainda est‡ na escola. N—s caminhamos
atŽ o restaurante, mas fomos para casa em um t‡xi. Eu gostei do v™o, mas a
comida no avi‹o n‹o era muito boa.
There were some people swimming in the pool/ in the sea/ in the river.
(Tinham algumas pessoas nadando na piscina/ no mar/ no rio.)
I sat on the floor/ on the ground/ on the grass/ on the beach/ on a chair.
(Eu sentei no ch‹o/ no solo/ na grama/ na praia/ em uma cadeira.)
ThereÕs a dirty mark on the wall/ on the ceiling/ on your nose/ on your shirt.
(Tem uma marca suja na parede/ no teto/ no seu nariz/ na sua camisa.)
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Gabarito: D
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: C
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ThereÕs plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ______ decide now.
H‡ muito tempo para voc• se decidir. Voc• ______ se decidir agora.
Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. Veja que ÒmustnÕtÓ n‹o faz sentido no primeiro espa•o, j‡
que o interlocutor deve (must) se lembrar de postar a carta. ÒMustÓ
tambŽm n‹o funciona na terceira lacuna.
Letra B Ð Errada. Nesta alternativa o erro est‡ nos tipos de verbos modais da
segunda e terceira lacunas, que deveria estar invertido.
Letra D Ð Certa.
ThereÕs plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You neednÕt decide
now. We mustnÕt make any noise.
H‡ muito tempo para voc• se decidir. Voc• n‹o precisa se decidir agora.
N—s n‹o devemos fazer nenhum barulho.
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Gabarito: D
îrg‹o: BRDE
Banca: FUNDATEC
Ano: 2015
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weÕre not.
Alguns chamariam isso de um "bot‹o placebo" - um bot‹o que,
objetivamente falando, n‹o promove controle sobre um sistema, mas que
para o usu‡rio Ž pelo menos psicologicamente satisfat—rio para empurrar.
Acontece que existem muitos exemplos de bot›es que n‹o fazem nada e,
certamente, outras tecnologias que s‹o propositadamente concebidas para
nos enganar. Mas aqui est‡ a coisa realmente surpreendente. Muitos
argumentam cada vez mais que realmente nos beneficiamos da ilus‹o de que
estamos no controle de algo - mesmo quando que n‹o seja, do ponto de vista
do observador.
Certain psychologists would argue that the buttons were indeed having
an effect Ð just not ___ the traffic lights themselves. Instead the effect is in
the commuterÕs minds. To understand this you have to go back to the early
1970s. At that time, psychologist Ellen Langer, now a professor ____
30 Harvard, was a Yale graduate student. During a five-card draw game of
poker she dealt one set of cards in a haphazard order. ÒEverybody,Ó she says,
Ògot crazy. The cards somehow belonged to the other person even though
you couldnÕt see any of them.Ó Langer decided to find out more about the
way people regulated the playing of such games. She went to a casino where,
35 at the slot machines, she found gamblers with elaborate ways of pulling
the lever. At another time a Òhighly rationalÓ fellow student tried to explain to
her why tossing a pair of dice could be done in a certain way to affect the
numbers which came up. ÒPeople believed that all of these behaviours were
going to increase the probability of their winning,Ó she comments.
Certos psic—logos argumentariam que os bot›es estavam efetivamente
tendo um efeito - n‹o apenas___ os pr—prios sem‡foros. Em vez disso, o
efeito est‡ nas mentes dos passageiros. Para entender isso, voc• tem que
voltar ao in’cio dos anos 1970. Naquela Žpoca, a psic—loga Ellen Langer,
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agora professora ____ Harvard, era uma estudante de p—s-gradua•‹o de
Yale. Durante um jogo de cinco cartas de poker, ela distribuiu um conjunto de
cartas em uma ordem aleat—ria. "Todo mundo," ela diz, "ficou louco. As
cartas, de alguma forma, pertenciam ˆ outra pessoa, embora voc• n‹o
pudesse ver nenhuma delas.Ó Langer decidiu descobrir mais sobre a forma
como as pessoas regulavam a reprodu•‹o de tais jogos. Foi a um casino
onde, nas m‡quinas ca•a n’quel, encontrou apostadores com maneiras
elaboradas de puxar a alavanca. Em outro momento um aluno "altamente
racional" tentou explicar a ela por que lan•ar um par de dados poderia ser
feito de um jeito para afetar os nœmeros que surgiram. "As pessoas
acreditavam que todos esses comportamentos iriam aumentar a
probabilidade de ganhar", comenta.
Also, if pedestrians wait together at the crossing and a few press the
button impatiently, that creates a sense of togetherness with strangers which
might otherwise be absent. All of these things may be taken as positive
55 impacts on our mental state, and even socially reinforcing.
AlŽm disso, se os pedestres aguardam juntos no cruzamento e alguns
pressionam o bot‹o com impaci•ncia, isso cria um senso de uni‹o com
estranhos que poderia talvez estar ausente. Todas estas coisas podem ser
consideradas impactos positivos sobre o nosso estado mental, e atŽ mesmo
socialmente estimulante.
ItÕs something to think about next time you cross the street.
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ƒ algo para pensar a respeito na pr—xima vez que voc• atravessar a
rua.
(Source: Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150415-
the-buttons-that-do-nothing)
QUESTÌO 29 Ð The prepositions that adequately fill in the blanks in lines 18,
24 and 26 are, respectively,
As preposi•›es que preenchem adequadamente os espa•os
em branco nas linhas 18, 24 e 26 s‹o, respectivamente,
A) In Ð on Ð at
Em-sobre-em
B) In Ð on Ð on
Em-sobre-sobre
C) In Ð at Ð on
Em-em-sobre
D) At Ð at Ð on
Em-em-sobre
E) At Ð at Ð at
Em-em-em
Coment‡rios:
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os pressionaram acreditando presumidamente que suas a•›es
estavam tendo um efeito.
LUGARES
IN ON AT
Continente
Estado
Local espec’fico
Avenida
in Santa Catarina (em
at school (na escola)
Santa Catarina)
on Araucaria Avenue
Cidade
at church (na igreja)
(na Avenida Arauc‡ria)
in Fortaleza (em
at the movies (no
Fortaleza)
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Bairro Pra•a cinema)
Gabarito: A
A) Only I.
Apenas I.
B) Only II.
Apenas II.
C) Only III.
Apenas III.
Coment‡rios:
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§! Highly-sensitive Ð altamente sens’vel
§! Badly-behaved Ð mal comportado
§! Breathtaking Ð de tirar o f™lego
§! Waterproof Ð ˆ prova dÕ‡gua
§! Widespread Ð muito difundido
§! Handwritten Ð escrito ˆ m‹o
Gabarito: B
III. Faixas de pedestre em todo o Reino Unido foram a fonte dos bot›es com
efeito placebo.
A) Only I.
Apenas I.
B) Only II.
Apenas II.
C) Only III.
Apenas III.
E) I, II and III.
I, II e III.
Coment‡rios:
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I Ð Errada. ÒOs pedestres que atravessaram o Reino Unido foram
considerados aben•oados por bot›es de placebo.Ó Esta assertiva tentou
confundir a tradu•‹o da palavra ÒcrossingsÓ com ÒatravessaramÓ, ao invŽs
de ÒfaixaÓ (faixa de pedestres). TambŽm trocou a tradu•‹o correta ÒfonteÓ
por Òaben•oadosÓ.
Gabarito: C
A) Only I.
Apenas I.
B) Only II.
Apenas II.
C) Only III.
Apenas III.
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Coment‡rios:
During a five-card draw game of poker she dealt one set of cards in a
haphazard order. ÒEverybody,Ó she says, Ògot crazy. The cards somehow
belonged to the other person even though you couldnÕt see any of
them.Ó Langer decided to find out more about the way people regulated
the playing of such games.
Durante um jogo de cinco cartas de poker, ela distribuiu um conjunto de
cartas em uma ordem aleat—ria. "Todo mundo," ela diz, "ficou louco. As
cartas, de alguma forma, pertenciam ˆ outra pessoa, embora voc• n‹o
pudesse ver nenhuma delas.Ó Langer decidiu descobrir mais sobre a forma
como as pessoas regulavam a reprodu•‹o de tais jogos.
III Ð Certa. ÔAlsoÕ (alŽm disso) pode ser substitu’do por ÔFurthermoreÕ
(alŽm disso), pois n‹o causaria diferen•a de significado.
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Gabarito: D
QUESTÌO 33 Ð Consider the sentence: ÒIf IÕm just standing at the corner, I
may not even see the light changeÓ (l.45), and the following statements:
Considere a frase: "Se eu apenas estiver de pŽ na esquina,
eu n‹o posso nem ver a mudan•a de luz" (l.45), e as seguintes afirma•›es:
A) Only I.
Apenas I.
B) Only II.
Apenas II.
C) Only III.
Apenas III.
E) I, II and III.
I, II e III.
Coment‡rios:
If IÕm just standing at the corner, I may not even see the light change.
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Gabarito: C
III. ÔassemblesÕ indicates a crowd that gather together in one place for a
common purpose.
ÒreœneÓ indica uma multid‹o que se reœne em um determinado local para
um prop—sito comum.
A) Only I.
Apenas I.
B) Only II.
Apenas II.
C) Only III.
Apenas III.
E) I, II and III.
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I, II e III.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: E
Mark the alternative that correctly and respectively fill in the blanks above.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente os espa•os em branco
acima.
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E) simple past Ð has programming
passado simples - tinha programando
Coment‡rios:
Present Perfect
Pronoun Past Perfect
Continuous
have been
I had programmed
programming
have been
you had programmed
programming
has been
he/she/it had programmed
programming
have been
we had programmed
programming
have been
you had programmed
programming
have been
they had programmed
programming
Gabarito: B
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Considere as seguintes afirma•›es sobre o texto, julgando se
elas s‹o verdadeiras (T) ou falsas (F).
( ) Even though it has no control over the system, pressing a button when
crossing the street creates a sense of closeness to people around you.
( ) Embora n‹o tenha controle sobre o sistema, pressionar um bot‹o ao
cruzar a rua cria uma sensa•‹o de proximidade com as pessoas ao seu redor.
The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top to the bottom, is:
A ordem correta de preenchimento dos par•nteses, de cima para baixo, Ž:
A) T Ð T Ð F.
B) F Ð F Ð T.
C) F Ð F Ð F.
D) F Ð T Ð F.
E) T Ð F Ð T
Coment‡rios:
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que para o usu‡rio Ž pelo menos psicologicamente satisfat—rio para
empurrar. Acontece que existem muitos exemplos de bot›es que n‹o
fazem nada e, certamente, outras tecnologias que s‹o propositadamente
concebidas para nos enganar. Mas aqui est‡ a coisa realmente
surpreendente. Muitos argumentam cada vez mais que realmente
nos beneficiamos da ilus‹o de que estamos no controle de algo -
mesmo quando que n‹o seja, do ponto de vista do observador.
When it comes to those deceptive traffic light buttons, Langer says there
could be a whole host of reasons why the placebo effect might be
counted as a good thing. ÒDoing something is better than doing
nothing, so people believe,Ó she says.
Quando se trata de bot›es de sem‡foros, Langer diz que pode haver
uma sŽrie de raz›es pelas quais o efeito placebo pode ser contado como
uma coisa boa. "Fazer algo Ž melhor do que n‹o fazer nada, ent‹o
as pessoas acreditam", diz ela.
(T) Even though it has no control over the system, pressing a button
when crossing the street creates a sense of closeness to people around
you. Ð O texto afirma que, apesar de n‹o haver controle sobre o
sistema, pressionar um bot‹o ao cruzar a rua cria uma sensa•‹o de
uni‹o com as pessoas ao seu redor.
Gabarito: B
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îrg‹o: AMAZUL Ð Amaz™nia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A
Banca: CETRO
Ano: 2015
Background
Hist—rico
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backed by analysis, testing, and prototyping. The NNPP was
also a pioneer in developing basic technologies and
transferring technology to the civilian nuclear electric power
industry. For example, the Program demonstrated the
feasibility of commercial nuclear power generation in this
country by designing, constructing and operating the
Shipping port Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania and
showing the feasibility of a thorium-based breeder reactor.
O Programa de Propuls‹o Nuclear Naval (NNPP) teve
in’cio em 1948. Desde essa Žpoca, o NNPP forneceu
sistemas de propuls‹o seguros e eficazes para impulsionar
submarinos, combatentes de superf’cie e porta-avi›es.
Hoje, a propuls‹o nuclear ativa os submarinos da Marinha
americana virtualmente indetect‡veis, incluindo a perna
mar’tima da tr’ade estratŽgica, e fornece essencialmente
um poder de propuls‹o inesgot‡vel, independente de apoio
log’stico avan•ado para ambos os nossos submarinos e
porta-avi›es. Mais de quarenta por cento dos grandes
navios combatentes da Marinha s‹o movidos a energia
nuclear e, por causa de sua seguran•a e confian•a
demonstradas, esses navios t•m acesso aos portos em todo
o mundo. O NNPP tem procurado consistentemente a
melhor maneira de atender de forma econ™mica os
requisitos da Marinha atravŽs da avalia•‹o,
desenvolvimento e fornecimento de uma variedade de tipos
de reatores, sistemas de combust’vel e materiais
estruturais. O Programa pesquisou muitos sistemas de
combust’vel diferentes e caracter’sticas de design do reator
e projetou, construiu e operou mais de trinta diferentes
modelos de reatores em mais de vinte tipos de instala•›es
para empregar o mais promissor destes desenvolvimentos
em aplica•›es pr‡ticas. Melhorias no projeto do reator naval
permitiram o aumento da pot•ncia e energia para
acompanhar os requisitos operacionais da frota nuclear
moderna, embora mantenha uma abordagem de design
conservadora, que garante a confiabilidade e seguran•a
para a tripula•‹o, o pœblico e o meio ambiente. Apenas
como um exemplo do progresso que foi realizado, os
primeiros projetos do nœcleo do reator na NAUTILUS
necessitaram reabastecimento ap—s cerca de dois anos,
enquanto nœcleos de reatores modernos podem durar a vida
de um submarino ou mais de trinta anos sem
reabastecimento. Estas melhorias s‹o resultado de uma
engenharia prudente, conservadora, apoiada por an‡lise,
testes e prototipagem. O NNPP tambŽm foi pioneiro no
desenvolvimento de tecnologias b‡sicas e na transfer•ncia
de tecnologia para a indœstria de energia elŽtrica nuclear
civil. Por exemplo, o programa demonstrou a viabilidade da
gera•‹o de energia nuclear comercial neste pa’s atravŽs da
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concep•‹o, constru•‹o e opera•‹o da Usina de Energia
At™mica do porto de Despacho na Pensilv‰nia e
demonstra•‹o da viabilidade de um reator regenerador ˆ
base de t—rio.
In: Report on Low Enriched Uranium for Naval Reactor Cores. Page 1.
Report to Congress, January 2014. Office of Naval Reactors. US Dept. of
Energy. DC 2058 http://fissilematerials.org/library/doe14.pdf
16. According to the text, choose the alternative that presents how long can
modern reactor cores stay without refueling.
De acordo com o texto, escolha a alternativa que apresenta quanto tempo
os nœcleos de reatores modernos podem ficar sem reabastecimento.
(A) 26 years.
26 anos.
(B) 13 years.
13 anos.
Coment‡rios:
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aumento da pot•ncia e energia para acompanhar os
requisitos operacionais da frota nuclear moderna, embora
mantenha uma abordagem de design conservadora, que
garante a confiabilidade e seguran•a para a tripula•‹o, o
pœblico e o meio ambiente. Apenas como um exemplo do
progresso que foi realizado, os primeiros projetos do
nœcleo do reator na NAUTILUS necessitaram
reabastecimento ap—s cerca de dois anos, enquanto
nœcleos de reatores modernos podem durar a vida
de um submarino ou mais de trinta anos sem
reabastecimento.
Gabarito: C
Choose the alternative that presents the words that would better translate,
respectively, the ones in bold and underlined.
Escolha a alternativa que apresenta as palavras que melhor traduziriam,
respectivamente, aquelas em negrito e sublinhadas.
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: A
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18. Choose the alternative in which the bold and underlined word has the
same grammar function as the one below.
Escolha a alternativa em que a palavra em negrito e sublinhada possui a
mesma fun•‹o gramatical como aquela abaixo.
ÒThe NNPP has consistently sought the best way to affordably meet Navy
requirements by evaluating, developing, and delivering a variety of reactor
types, fuel systems, and structural materials.Ó
ÒO NNPP tem procurado consistentemente a melhor maneira de atender de
forma econ™mica os requisitos da Marinha atravŽs da avalia•‹o,
desenvolvimento e fornecimento de uma variedade de tipos de reatores,
sistemas de combust’vel e materiais estruturais.Ó
(E) For their own safety, the submarines must have all equipments tested.
Para a sua pr—pria seguran•a, os submarinos devem ter todos os
equipamentos testados.
Coment‡rios:
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especial (especial) especially (especialmente)
quick (r‡pido, ‡gil) quickly (rapidamente, agilmente)
easy (f‡cil, tranquilo) easily (facilmente, tranquilamente)
consistent (consistente) consistently (consistentemente)
constant (constante) constantly (constantemente)
Gabarito: A
19. According to the text, the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program Ð NNPP
De acordo com o texto, o Programa de Propuls‹o Nuclear Naval - NNPP
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Coment‡rios:
III) Certa - The Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program - NNPP - has also
contributed with the civilian power industry (O Programa de Propuls‹o
Nuclear Naval - NNPP - tambŽm tem contribu’do com a indœstria de energia
civil). De acordo com o texto, o NNPP foi pioneiro na transfer•ncia de
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tecnologia para a indœstria de energia nuclear civil, portanto tem
contribu’do com ela.
Gabarito: E
Choose the alternative in which the words can properly substitute the ones in
bold and underlined, respectively.
Escolha a alternativa em que as palavras podem substituir adequadamente
aquelas em negrito e sublinhadas, respectivamente.
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opera•‹o/ objetivos/ m‡quina
Coment‡rios:
- undetectable = indetect‡vel.
- invisible = invis’vel.
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avan•ado para ambos os nossos submarinos e porta-
avi›es.Ó
Gabarito: D
Cargo: Aluno-Oficial PM
Banca: VUNESP
Ano: 2015
By Emma Woolley
Por Emma Woolley
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fun•‹o genŽrica de policiamento envolve a patrulha em
zonas designadas para executar as leis, proteger a
seguran•a pœblica e prender suspeitos de crimes Ð seja de
carro, a pŽ, de bicicleta ou, em alguns casos, a cavalo.
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dia da semana, incluindo feriados. Os turnos tendem a ser
mais longos do que o dia de escrit—rio padr‹o de oito horas.
Mesmo que muitos deveres policiais regulares sejam de
rotina por natureza, o trabalho tambŽm pode ser perigoso,
bem como fisicamente e emocionalmente estressante.
(http://careerbear.com/police-officer/article/ what-
do-police-officers-do. Adaptado
(E) d‹o plant›es muito acima das oito horas normais de trabalho.
Coment‡rios:
Letra D Ð Certa.
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pode ser perigoso, bem como fisicamente e
emocionalmente estressante.
Gabarito: D
Coment‡rios:
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ou todas as seguintes a•›es: investigar acidentes e cenas
de crime; obter provas e entrevistar testemunhas;
testemunhar no tribunal; coletar notas e relat—rios;
prestar ajuda de emerg•ncia ˆs v’timas de cat‡strofes
naturais, crimes e acidentes; se envolver na preven•‹o do
crime, seguran•a e programas de informa•‹o pœblica;
participar de rela•›es com a m’dia; e supervisionar e gerir
o trabalho de outros policiais.
Letra E Ð Errada. O autor n‹o menciona que o oficial de pol’cia tem o direito
de recusar tarefas consideradas extremamente perigosas.
Gabarito: B
57 Among the many tasks, mentioned in the third paragraph, a police officer
may perform in the line of duty, is to Òsecure evidenceÓ. The phrase means,
in Portuguese, the same as
Entre as muitas tarefas, mencionadas no terceiro par‡grafo, um oficial de
pol’cia pode realizar no exerc’cio de suas fun•›es, Ž a "obter provas". A
express‹o significa, em portugu•s, o mesmo que
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: E
(A) insinua•‹o.
(B) assalto.
(C) agress‹o.
(D) espancamento.
(E) suspeita.
Coment‡rios:
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criminalidade, vigil‰ncia, seguran•a da aeronave,
elimina•‹o de explosivos, servi•os de c‹es policiais e
muito mais.
Gabarito: C
(A) obriga•‹o.
(B) possibilidade.
(C) prop—sito.
(D) probabilidade.
(E) desejo.
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: A
60 In the last sentence from the text Ð Even though many regular police
duties are routine in natureÉ Ð the phrase in bold expresses a relationship of
Na œltima ora•‹o do texto - Mesmo que muitos deveres policiais regulares
sejam de rotineiros... - a express‹o em negrito exprime uma rela•‹o de
(A) addition.
adi•‹o.
(B) condition.
condi•‹o.
(C) time.
tempo.
(D) contrast.
contraste.
(E) alternative.
alternativa.
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: D
Banca: FCC
Ano: 2013
ItÕs not nice to tell people ÒI told you so.Ó But if anybody has the right
to say that, itÕs Nina E. Olson, the national taxpayer advocate.
N‹o Ž agrad‡vel dizer para as pessoas "eu lhe avisei." Mas, se alguŽm
tem o direito de dizer isso, essa Ž Nina E.
LetÕs just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok.
The Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could
update forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes made
under the American Taxpayer Relief Act. The IRS wonÕt start processing
individual income tax returns until Jan. 30. Yet one thing remains unchanged
− the April 15 tax deadline.
Vamos apenas olhar para a mais recente evid•ncia da complexidade
do descontrole. A Receita Federal teve que adiar o per’odo de declara•‹o de
imposto de renda para que pudesse atualizar os formul‡rios e seus
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programas, para ajustar as altera•›es recentes realizadas sob a Lei de
Isen•‹o do Contribuinte Americano. A Receita Federal n‹o vai come•ar a
processar as declara•›es de imposto de renda pessoa f’sica atŽ 30 de janeiro.
No entanto, uma coisa permanece inalterada - o prazo limite de 15 de abril.
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated
income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued Dec.
31. Yes, letÕs just keep making more work for the agency that is already
overburdened. Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use
the revised information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld
in 2013. And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger
Social Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the
payroll tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Por causa das novas leis tribut‡rias, a Receita Federal tambŽm teve
que liberar tabelas de imposto de renda retido na fonte atualizadas para
2013. Essas substituem as tabelas emitidas em 31 de dezembro. Sim, vamos
continuar dando mais trabalho para a reparti•‹o que j‡ est‡ sobrecarregada.
Para n‹o mencionar o trabalho extra dos empregadores, que t•m de utilizar a
informa•‹o atualizada para corrigir o valor da Contribui•‹o Social retida em
2013. E eles t•m de fazer essa corre•‹o, a fim de reter mais Contribui•‹o
Social de 6,2 por cento sobre os sal‡rios, seguindo, efetivamente, o
vencimento da redu•‹o de tributo sobre folha de pagamento para 2011 e
2012.
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum tax
that could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT was
created to target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many
deductions that they owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others
have complained for years that the AMT wasnÕt indexed for inflation.
Oh, e quase houve um acidente com o imposto m’nimo alternativo que
poderia ter atrasado a temporada de declara•‹o de imposto de renda para o
final de mar•o. A AMT foi criada para selecionar os contribuintes de renda
elevada, que estavam reivindicando muitas dedu•›es nas quais eles deviam
pouco ou nenhum imposto de renda. Olson e muitos outros reclamaram
durante anos que a AMT n‹o era indexada pela infla•‹o.
As part of the recent Òfiscal cliffÓ deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move
that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its systems
on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said. Had the
agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update the
systems Òwould have brought about the most chaotic filing season in
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memory,Ó she said in her report.
Como parte do recente acordo "abismo fiscal", a AMT agora Ž fixa, um
movimento que a Receita Federal estava antecipando. Ela j‡ tinha decidido
programar os seus sistemas supondo que uma emenda da AMT seria
aprovada, disse Olson. Se o —rg‹o n‹o tivesse assumido o risco, o tempo que
teria levado para atualizar os sistemas "teria provocado a temporada de
declara•‹o mais ca—tica da mem—ria", ela disse em seu relat—rio.
The tax code contains almost 4 million words. Since 2001, there have
been about 4,680 changes, or an average of more than one change a day.
What else troubles Olson? HereÕs what:
O c—digo tribut‡rio contŽm quase 4 milh›es de palavras. Desde 2001,
houve cerca de 4.680 mudan•as ou uma mŽdia de mais de uma altera•‹o ao
dia. O que mais preocupa Olson? Aqui est‡:
− In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But
the agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to
reach a live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average, about 17
minutes to get through.
- No exerc’cio fiscal de 2012, a Receita Federal recebeu cerca de 125
milh›es de chamadas. Mas o —rg‹o respondeu apenas cerca de dois em cada
tr•s telefonemas de pessoas tentando acessar uma pessoa ao vivo, e esses
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contribuintes tiveram que esperar, em mŽdia, cerca de 17 minutos para
conseguir.
(A) no.
nenhum.
(B) any.
qualquer
(C) lots.
muitos
(D) some.
alguns
(E) little.
pouco
Coment‡rios:
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Observe que o trecho Òpay no income tax at allÓ pode ser traduzido como
Òn‹o pagam nenhum impostoÓ.
Gabarito: A
(A) legal.
l’cito.
(B) easier.
mais f‡cil.
(C) possible.
poss’vel.
(D) unnecessary.
desnecess‡ria.
(E) harder.
mais dif’cil.
Coment‡rios:
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- The complex code makes tax fraud.....B.....to detect.
- O c—digo complexo torna a fraude fiscal.....B.....de detectar.
Gabarito: E
(A) sobrecarregada.
(D) subempregada.
Coment‡rios:
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Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated
income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued
Dec. 31. Yes, letÕs just keep making more work for the agency that is
already overburdened. (...)
Por causa das novas leis tribut‡rias, a Receita Federal tambŽm teve
que liberar tabelas de imposto de renda retido na fonte atualizadas para
2013. Essas substituem as tabelas emitidas em 31 de dezembro. Sim,
vamos continuar dando mais trabalho para a reparti•‹o que j‡ est‡
sobrecarregada. (...)
Gabarito: A
(A) as novas leis fiscais n‹o alteraram o valor do imposto de renda retido na
fonte.
(E) o aumento dos valores para o imposto de renda retido na fonte evitou o
"Abismo Fiscal".
Coment‡rios:
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated
income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued
Dec. 31. (...)
Por causa das novas leis tribut‡rias, a Receita Federal tambŽm teve
que liberar tabelas de imposto de renda retido na fonte atualizadas para
2013. Essas substituem as tabelas emitidas em 31 de dezembro. (...)
LetÕs just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok.
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The Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could
update forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes
made under the American Taxpayer Relief Act.
Vamos apenas olhar para a mais recente evid•ncia da complexidade
do descontrole. A Receita Federal teve que adiar o per’odo de declara•‹o de
imposto de renda para que pudesse atualizar os formul‡rios e seus
programas, para ajustar as altera•›es recentes realizadas sob a Lei
de Isen•‹o do Contribuinte Americano.
Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised
information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013.
And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social
Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll
tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Para n‹o mencionar o trabalho extra dos empregadores, que t•m de utilizar
a informa•‹o atualizada para corrigir o valor da Contribui•‹o Social retida
em 2013. E eles t•m de fazer essa corre•‹o, a fim de reter mais
Contribui•‹o Social de 6,2 por cento sobre os sal‡rios, seguindo,
efetivamente, o vencimento da redu•‹o de tributo sobre folha de
pagamento para 2011 e 2012.
Letra E Ð Errada. O autor n‹o afirma que o aumento dos valores para o
imposto de renda retido na fonte evitou o "Abismo Fiscal". ÒAbismo FiscalÓ
consiste em um recente acordo.
As part of the recent Òfiscal cliffÓ deal, the AMT is now fixed, a
move that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its
systems on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said.
Had the agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update
the systems Òwould have brought about the most chaotic filing season in
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memory,Ó she said in her report.
Como parte do recente acordo "abismo fiscal", a AMT agora Ž
fixa, um movimento que a Receita Federal estava antecipando. Ela j‡ tinha
decidido programar os seus sistemas supondo que uma emenda da AMT
seria aprovada, disse Olson. Se o —rg‹o n‹o tivesse assumido o risco, o
tempo que teria levado para atualizar os sistemas "teria provocado a
temporada de declara•‹o mais ca—tica da mem—ria", ela disse em seu
relat—rio.
Gabarito: C
(B) como o IRS n‹o previu que o imposto m’nimo alternativo seria fixado,
teme-se que este ano represente o per’odo mais ca—tico da declara•‹o de
imposto de renda.
(E) todo contribuinte pode resolver suas quest›es por telefone em no m‡ximo
17 minutos.
Coment‡rios:
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum
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tax that could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT
was created to target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many
deductions that they owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others
have complained for years that the AMT wasnÕt indexed for inflation.
Oh, e quase houve um acidente com o imposto m’nimo
alternativo que poderia ter atrasado a temporada de declara•‹o de
imposto de renda para o final de mar•o. A AMT foi criada para selecionar os
contribuintes de renda elevada, que estavam reivindicando muitas
dedu•›es nas quais eles deviam pouco ou nenhum imposto de renda. Olson
e muitos outros reclamaram durante anos que a AMT n‹o era indexada pela
infla•‹o.
(...)
As part of the recent Òfiscal cliffÓ deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move
that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its
systems on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said.
Had the agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to
update the systems Òwould have brought about the most chaotic
filing season in memory,Ó she said in her report.
Como parte do recente acordo "abismo fiscal", a AMT agora Ž fixa,
um movimento que a Receita Federal estava antecipando. Ela j‡ tinha
decidido programar os seus sistemas supondo que uma emenda da AMT
seria aprovada, disse Olson. Se o —rg‹o n‹o tivesse assumido o risco, o
tempo que teria levado para atualizar os sistemas "teria provocado
a temporada de declara•‹o mais ca—tica da mem—ria", ela disse em
seu relat—rio.
Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised
information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013.
And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social
Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll
tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Para n‹o mencionar o trabalho extra dos empregadores, que t•m de utilizar
a informa•‹o atualizada para corrigir o valor da Contribui•‹o Social retida
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em 2013. E eles t•m de fazer essa corre•‹o, a fim de reter mais
Contribui•‹o Social de 6,2 por cento sobre os sal‡rios, seguindo,
efetivamente, o vencimento da redu•‹o de tributo sobre folha de
pagamento para 2011 e 2012.
- In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But
the agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to
reach a live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average,
about 17 minutes to get through.
- No exerc’cio fiscal de 2012, a Receita Federal recebeu cerca de
125 milh›es de chamadas. Mas o —rg‹o respondeu apenas cerca de dois em
cada tr•s telefonemas de pessoas tentando acessar uma pessoa ao vivo, e
esses contribuintes tiveram que esperar, em mŽdia, cerca de 17
minutos para conseguir.
Gabarito: A
Facebook Announces Its Third Pillar ÒGraph SearchÓ That Gives You
Answers, Not Links Like Google DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE,
COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID LUNDEN
O Facebook anuncia o seu terceiro pilar "Pesquisa por Gr‡fico" que lhe d‡
respostas, n‹o links como o Google DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE,
COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID Lunden
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but
completely different.
Zuckerberg deixou bem claro que n‹o se trata de pesquisa na web,
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mas algo completamente diferente.
You can also use Graph Search for recruiting. Stocky says if he was
looking for people to join the team at Facebook, he could search for NASA
Ames employees who are friends with people at Facebook. ÒIf I wanted to
reach out and recruit them, I could see who their friends are at Facebook. To
refine them I can look for people who wrote they are Òfounders.Ó
Voc• tambŽm pode usar a Pesquisa por Gr‡fico para o recrutamento.
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Stocky diz que se ele estivesse ˆ procura de pessoas para se juntar ˆ equipe
no Facebook, ele poderia procurar por funcion‡rios da NASA Ames que s‹o
amigos de pessoas no Facebook. "Se eu quisesse alcan•‡-los e contrat‡-los,
poderia ver quem s‹o seus amigos no Facebook. Para refin‡-los, eu posso
procurar por pessoas que escreveram que eles s‹o "fundadores".
(A) antecipadamente.
(E) ambiciosamente.
Coment‡rios:
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Gabarito: D
(D) By contrast.
Pelo contr‡rio.
Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. Instead of (em vez de) indica exclus‹o, portanto, n‹o
cabe no contexto.
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completamente diferente de resultados. .....C.....alguŽm tivesse o mesmo
grupo de amigos que eu, os resultados seriam diferentes [porque temos
diferentes relacionamentos com nossos amigos] ".
Gabarito: C
(A) as diferen•as entre uma busca na web e pelo Graph Search n‹o s‹o t‹o
gritantes quanto Zuckerberg faz supor.
(B) uma busca na web pode retornar respostas melhores do que o Graph
Search.
(C) uma busca na web, para ser eficaz, precisa ser formulada como uma
quest‹o pontual.
Coment‡rios:
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but
completely different.
Zuckerberg deixou bem claro que n‹o se trata de pesquisa na
web, mas algo completamente diferente.
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melhores do que aquelas em uma busca na web.
(...)
Facebook Graph Search is completely personalized. Tom
Stocky of the search team explains he gets unique results for a search of
Òfriends who like Star Wars and Harry Potter.Ó Then, ÒIf anyone else does
this search they get a completely different set of results.
A Pesquisa por Gr‡fico do Facebook Ž totalmente
personalizada. Tom Stocky da equipe de pesquisa explica que ele obtŽm
resultados œnicos em uma busca de "amigos que gostam de Star Wars e
Harry Potter." Ent‹o, "Se mais alguŽm fizer esta pesquisa, eles recebem um
conjunto completamente diferente de resultados.
Letra D Ð Errada. N‹o s‹o as buscas no Graph Search que fornecem links,
mas sim a busca na web.
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things that youÕre interested in is a Òvery hard technical problem,Ó
according to Zuckerberg.
Ele explicou a diferen•a entre busca na web e Pesquisa por Gr‡fico.
"Busca na web Ž desenvolvida para tirar qualquer dœvida em aberto
e fornecer os links que podem ter respostas." Interligar as coisas
baseadas em coisas nas quais voc• est‡ interessado Ž um "problema
tŽcnico muito dif’cil", segundo Zuckerberg.
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but
completely different.
Zuckerberg deixou bem claro que n‹o se trata de pesquisa na web,
mas algo completamente diferente.
Gabarito: E
(A) ao fazer uma busca por Òamigos que gostam de Star Wars e Harry
Potter", no Graph Search, Stocky obteve apenas um œnico resultado.
(B) duas buscas iguais, no Graph Search, por pessoas diferentes podem
retornar respostas totalmente diferentes.
(D) Stocky est‡ tentando recrutar mais pessoas para refor•ar o time do
Facebook.
(E) uma busca por fotos, no Graph Search, traz uma colet‰nea indiscriminada
de fotografias.
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Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. O texto afirma que, ao fazer uma busca por Òamigos que
gostam de Star Wars e Harry Potter" no Graph Search, Stocky obteve
resultado œnicos, singulares e n‹o somente um œnico resultado. A palavra
unique significa œnico, singular, exclusivo, incompar‡vel, inigual‡vel,
peculiar, inŽdito.
Letra B Ð Certa. Observe que o texto realmente afirma que duas buscas
iguais, no Graph Search, por pessoas diferentes podem retornar
respostas totalmente diferentes.
Letra C Ð Errada. O Graph Search ainda est‡ bem no in’cio do teste beta,
portanto, n‹o foi amplamente testado e aprovado. Observa•‹o: a vers‹o
beta de um produto Ž aquela que ainda se encontra em fase de
desenvolvimento e testes. Esses produtos s‹o disponibilizados para que os
usu‡rios possam testar e reportar bugs aos desenvolvedores, caso
necess‡rio.
Letra D Ð Errada. O texto n‹o afirma que Stocky est‡ tentando recrutar
mais pessoas para refor•ar o time do Facebook. Apenas comenta que, se
ele estivesse procurando pessoas para contratar, ele poderia procurar por
funcion‡rios da NASA que s‹o amigos de pessoas no Facebook.
You can also use Graph Search for recruiting. Stocky says if he
was looking for people to join the team at Facebook, he could search
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for NASA Ames employees who are friends with people at Facebook. ÒIf I
wanted to reach out and recruit them, I could see who their friends are at
Facebook. To refine them I can look for people who wrote they are
Òfounders.Ó
Voc• tambŽm pode usar a Pesquisa por Gr‡fico para o
recrutamento. Stocky diz que se ele estivesse ˆ procura de pessoas
para se juntar ˆ equipe no Facebook, ele poderia procurar por
funcion‡rios da NASA Ames que s‹o amigos de pessoas no Facebook. "Se
eu quisesse alcan•‡-los e contrat‡-los, poderia ver quem s‹o seus amigos
no Facebook. Para refin‡-los, eu posso procurar por pessoas que
escreveram que eles s‹o "fundadores".
Gabarito: B
(D) How many of StockyÕs friends like Star Wars and Harry Potter?
Quantos de amigos do Stocky gostam de Star Wars e Harry Potter?
Coment‡rios:
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Letra B Ð Certa. Perceba que a resposta para essa pergunta est‡ no texto:
a Procura por Gr‡fico direciona um problema espec’fico e fornece uma
resposta.
Letra C Ð Errada. O autor n‹o cita nada a respeito de procura por amigos
que vivem em San Francisco.
Letra D Ð Errada. Stocky explica sobre uma poss’vel busca de Òamigos que
gostam de Star Wars e Harry PotterÓ (Òfriends who like Star Wars and Harry
Potter.Ó), mas n‹o se refere aos seus pr—prios amigos. Sendo assim, essa Ž
uma pergunta que n‹o encontra resposta no texto.
Letra E Ð Errada. O texto n‹o explica onde fica o Parque Yosemite, apenas
cita esse parque como tendo sido encontrado em uma p‡gina de fotos.
Gabarito: B
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îrg‹o: Secretaria da Fazenda do Rio de Janeiro
Banca: FCC
Ano: 2014
In order to properly file your federal income tax return and pay any tax that
you owe, it is necessary to understand your income tax bracket, your filing
status, and which income tax rate(s) apply to you. There are currently six
marginal income tax brackets and five federal filing statuses. The amount of
tax you owe will depend on your filing status and how much taxable income
you earn.
A fim de apresentar adequadamente a sua declara•‹o de imposto de renda e
pagar todo imposto devido, Ž necess‡rio compreender a sua faixa de imposto
de renda, a situa•‹o da sua declara•‹o e qual(is) al’quota(s) de imposto de
renda se aplica(m) a voc•. Existem atualmente seis faixas de al’quotas
marginais de imposto de renda e cinco situa•›es de declara•›es federais. A
quantidade de imposto que voc• deve depender‡ da situa•‹o da sua
declara•‹o e quanto de lucro tribut‡vel voc• ganha.
Your marginal income tax bracket basically represents the highest tax rate that
you.....MODAL.....pay on your income. There are currently six marginal
income tax brackets for each federal filing status: 10, 15, 25, 28, 33, and 35
percent.
A sua faixa de al’quota marginal de imposto de renda representa,
basicamente, a al’quota mais alta de imposto que voc•.....MODAL.....pagar
sobre o seu rendimento. Existem, atualmente, seis faixas de al’quotas
marginais de imposto de renda para cada situa•‹o de declara•‹o Federal: 10,
15, 25, 28, 33 e 35 por cento.
The marginal tax bracket system is a gradual tax schedule, which essentially
means the more you earn, the more tax you pay. The amount of taxable
income that you earn determines which tax bracket(s) you fall into. It is
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important to realize that only the money you earn within a certain tax bracket
is taxed at that rate. In other words, if you earned more in 2012 than you did
in 2011 and thus moved into a higher tax bracket, only the money that falls
within that higher tax bracket is taxed at the higher rate. So, for example, if
you move from the 25 percent tax bracket to the 28 percent tax bracket, you
may make the mistake of believing that all of your income is now taxed at that
higher rate. However, only the money that you earn within the 28 percent
bracket is taxed at that rate.
O sistema de faixas de al’quotas tribut‡rias marginais Ž uma tabela gradual de
imposto, que significa, essencialmente, que quanto mais voc• ganha, mais
imposto voc• paga. O montante dos rendimentos tribut‡veis que voc• aufere
determina qual a faixa de al’quota tribut‡ria voc• se enquadra. ƒ importante
perceber que somente o dinheiro que voc• recebe em uma determinada faixa
de imposto Ž tributado nessa al’quota. Em outras palavras, se voc• ganhou
mais em 2012 do que em 2011 e, assim, mudou para uma faixa de imposto
mais elevado, somente o valor que se insere nessa faixa mais alta de imposto
Ž tributado ˆ al’quota superior. Assim, por exemplo, se voc• mudar da faixa de
al’quota de imposto de 25 por cento para a faixa de 28 por cento, voc• pode
cometer o erro de acreditar que agora a totalidade dos seus rendimentos s‹o
tributados nessa al’quota mais elevada. No entanto, apenas o dinheiro que
voc• ganha dentro da faixa de 28 por cento Ž tributado a essa al’quota.
The structure of federal income tax brackets was first implemented by the IRS
in the early 1900s in an attempt to create a progressive tax system that would
demand less from lower-income individuals. This system, plus a series of tax
credits and tax deductions, have allowed nearly half of Americans to avoid
owing federal income tax altogether [Source: The Tax Foundation].
A estrutura das faixas de imposto de renda federal foi implementada pela
primeira vez pela Receita Federal no in’cio de 1900, em uma tentativa de criar
um sistema tribut‡rio progressivo que exigiria menos dos indiv’duos de baixa
renda. Este mecanismo, alŽm de uma sŽrie de crŽditos tribut‡rios e dedu•›es
fiscais, tem permitido que quase metade dos americanos sejam isentos do
imposto de renda federal [Fonte: A Funda•‹o Tribut‡ria].
Your filing status determines your filing requirements (whether or not you are
required to file a tax return and which return to file), your standard deduction
amount, your eligibility for certain tax credits and tax deductions, and your
income tax. There are five federal filing statuses based on marital status and
other conditions: single, married filing separately, married filing jointly, head
of household, and qualifying widow(er) with dependent child. When you fill out
your federal income tax return, you must specify what your filing status is on
the tax form. Review each filing status carefully and choose the one that best
fits your situation. If you qualify for more than one filing status, you are
allowed to choose the one that offers you the.....ADJECTIVE.....tax.
A categoria da sua declara•‹o determina os seus requisitos de declara•‹o (se
voc• Ž ou n‹o obrigado a apresentar uma declara•‹o de rendimentos e qual
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declara•‹o apresentar), o seu valor de dedu•‹o padr‹o, a sua qualifica•‹o para
certos crŽditos tribut‡rios e dedu•›es fiscais, e seu imposto de renda. H‡ cinco
situa•›es de declara•›es federais, baseadas no estado civil e outras condi•›es:
solteiro, casado declarando separadamente, casado declarando
conjuntamente, chefe de fam’lia e viœvo(a) qualificado(a) com filhos
dependentes. Quando voc• preencher a sua declara•‹o de imposto de renda,
voc• deve especificar qual o tipo da sua declara•‹o no formul‡rio fiscal.
Analise cada tipo de declara•‹o com cuidado e escolha a que melhor se adapta
a sua situa•‹o. Se voc• se qualificar para mais de uma categoria de
declara•‹o, voc• est‡ autorizado a escolher aquela que lhe oferece o.....
ADJETIVO.....imposto.
21. According to the context, the MODAL that adequately fills the blank is
De acordo com o contexto, o MODAL que preenche adequadamente a
lacuna Ž
(A) can.
pode.
(B) must.
deve.
(C) might.
pode.
(D) could.
pode.
(E) may.
pode.
Coment‡rios:
Your marginal income tax bracket basically represents the highest tax rate
that you.....MODAL.....pay on your income. There are currently six
marginal income tax brackets for each federal filing status: 10, 15, 25, 28,
33, and 35 percent.
A sua faixa de al’quota marginal de imposto de renda representa,
basicamente, a al’quota mais alta de imposto que voc•.....MODAL.....pagar
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sobre o seu rendimento. Existem, atualmente, seis faixas de al’quotas
marginais de imposto de renda para cada situa•‹o de declara•‹o Federal:
10, 15, 25, 28, 33 e 35 por cento.
Gabarito: B
22. According to the context, the ADJECTIVE that adequately fills the blank is
De acordo com o contexto, o ADJETIVO que preenche adequadamente a
lacuna Ž
(A) lowest.
mais baixo.
(B) smallest.
menor.
(C) highest.
mais elevado/mais alto.
(D) tallest.
mais alto.
(E) most.
mais.
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Coment‡rios:
Review each filing status carefully and choose the one that best fits your
situation. If you qualify for more than one filing status, you are allowed to
choose the one that offers you the.....ADJECTIVE.....tax.
Analise cada tipo de declara•‹o com cuidado e escolha a que melhor se
adapta a sua situa•‹o. Se voc• se qualificar para mais de uma categoria de
declara•‹o, voc• est‡ autorizado a escolher aquela que lhe oferece o.....
ADJETIVO.....imposto.
Gabarito: A
(A) make.
ganhar.
(B) win.
vencer.
(C) award.
conceder.
(D) gain.
ganhar.
(E) rise.
aumentar.
Coment‡rios:
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money = fazer dinheiro) e to gain (ganhar; auferir) s‹o sin™nimos de to
earn (ganhar; auferir). Destaco que n‹o se trata de uma justificativa oficial
da banca FCC, mas sim de uma an‡lise pr—pria.
O gabarito preliminar foi a letra A, mas depois essa quest‹o foi atribu’da a
todos os candidatos (Ò...em face das decis›es pelo provimento de recursos,
houve atribui•‹o de quest›es a todos os presentes ˆs provas...Ó).
Observa•›es:
Gabarito: ANULADA
Coment‡rios:
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Letra B Ð Errada. O autor afirma que a estrutura de faixas de renda foi
criada no in’cio da dŽcada de 1900 e n‹o no final.
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto n‹o afirma que mais da metade dos americanos
comete algum ato de sonega•‹o. Perceba que a banca tentou confundir o
candidato utilizando uma parte da informa•‹o que consta no texto. Na
realidade, quase metade dos americanos Ž isenta do imposto de renda
(have allowed nearly half of Americans to avoid owing federal income tax
altogether).
Letra E Ð Certa. Veja que o texto realmente afirma que quase metade
dos americanos Ž isenta do pagamento de imposto de renda.
The structure of federal income tax brackets was first implemented by the
IRS in the early 1900s in an attempt to create a progressive tax system
that would demand less from lower-income individuals. This system, plus a
series of tax credits and tax deductions, have allowed nearly half of
Americans to avoid owing federal income tax altogether.
A estrutura das faixas de imposto de renda federal foi implementada pela
primeira vez pela Receita Federal no in’cio de 1900, em uma tentativa de
criar um sistema tribut‡rio progressivo que exigiria menos dos indiv’duos
de baixa renda. Este mecanismo, alŽm de uma sŽrie de crŽditos tribut‡rios
e dedu•›es fiscais, tem permitido que quase metade dos americanos
sejam isentos do imposto de renda federal.
Gabarito: E
Coment‡rios:
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Letra A Ð Errada. O texto n‹o cita que, no sistema americano, todo e
qualquer ganho do contribuinte Ž taxado. Pelo contr‡rio, o sistema
progressivo tem, inclusive, permitido que quase metade dos americanos
sejam isentos do imposto de renda (have allowed nearly half of Americans
to avoid owing federal income tax altogether).
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto n‹o fala que o contribuinte sempre tem direito a
uma restitui•‹o.
Your filing status determines your filing requirements (whether or not you
are required to file a tax return and which return to file), your standard
deduction amount, your eligibility for certain tax credits and tax deductions,
and your income tax. There are five federal filing statuses based on
marital status and other conditions: single, married filing separately,
married filing jointly, head of household, and qualifying widow(er) with
dependent child.
A categoria da sua declara•‹o determina os seus requisitos de declara•‹o
(se voc• Ž ou n‹o obrigado a apresentar uma declara•‹o de rendimentos e
qual declara•‹o apresentar), o seu valor de dedu•‹o padr‹o, a sua
qualifica•‹o para certos crŽditos tribut‡rios e dedu•›es fiscais, e seu
imposto de renda. H‡ cinco situa•›es de declara•›es federais, baseadas
no estado civil e outras condi•›es: solteiro, casado declarando
separadamente, casado declarando conjuntamente, chefe de fam’lia e
viœvo(a) qualificado(a) com filhos dependentes.
It is important to realize that only the money you earn within a certain tax
bracket is taxed at that rate. In other words, if you earned more in 2012
than you did in 2011 and thus moved into a higher tax bracket, only the
money that falls within that higher tax bracket is taxed at the higher rate.
ƒ importante perceber que somente o dinheiro que voc• recebe em uma
determinada faixa de imposto Ž tributado nessa al’quota. Em outras
palavras, se voc• ganhou mais em 2012 do que em 2011 e, assim,
mudou para uma faixa de imposto mais elevado, somente o valor que se
insere nessa faixa mais alta de imposto Ž tributado ˆ al’quota superior.
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0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
Gabarito: D
These are the tax rates for the 2012 tax year, if your filing status is ÒsingleÓ.
Aqui est‹o as al’quotas tribut‡rias do exerc’cio fiscal de 2012, se a sua faixa de
imposto de renda Ž ÒsolteiroÓ
Single
Solteiro
If your
taxable Éof the
income is Ébut not Your tax amount
overÉ over isÉ over Plus
(se a sua (...mas n‹o (seu tributo (...do (Mais)
receita acima de) Ž...) montante
tribut‡vel Ž que excede)
acima de...)
$0 $8,700 10% $0 Ñ
$8,700 $35,350 15% $8,700 $870.00
$35,350 $85,650 25% $35,350 (?)
$85,650 $178,650 28% $85,650 $17,442.50
$178,650 $388,350 33% $178,650 $43,482.50
$388,350 Ñ 35% $388,350 $112,683.50
(A) $2,665.00.
(B) $3,997.50.
(C) $5,302.50.
(D) $4,867.50.
(E) $8,837.50.
Coment‡rios:
00000000000 - DEMO
Ingl•s p/ SEDUC-PA
Prof a Marina Marcondes
0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
Gabarito: D
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which
strikes me as completely insane on pretty much every level. You may
remember the story from a few months back: The greatest soccer player in the
world and his father were accused of setting up a bunch of shell companies in
Belize and Uruguay to avoid paying taxes on royalties and other licensing
income.
Ent‹o, a Espanha decidiu conduzir Lionel Messi ao tribunal em raz‹o de
sonega•‹o fiscal, o que me parece completamente insano em praticamente
todos os n’veis. Voc• pode se lembrar da hist—ria de alguns meses atr‡s: O
maior jogador de futebol do mundo e seu pai foram acusados de montar um
grupo de empresas de fachada em Belize e Uruguai para evitar o pagamento
de tributos sobre os royalties e outras receitas de licenciamento.
Messi − who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from sponsors
− reached a settlement with SpainÕs tax authorities earlier this summer,
agreeing to pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest. The matter was
settled, or so it seemed. Messi could go back to dazzling the world with his
athleticism and creativity.
Messi Ð que ganha aproximadamente US$ 41 milh›es por ano, cerca de
metade dos patrocinadores - chegou a um acordo com as autoridades fiscais
da Espanha no in’cio deste ver‹o, concordando em pagar a quantia que ele
aparentemente devia, acrescida de juros. O assunto foi resolvido, ou assim
pareceu. Messi pode voltar a deslumbrar o mundo com a sua capacidade
atlŽtica e criatividade.
00000000000 - DEMO
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Prof a Marina Marcondes
0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
Only it turns out that Spain wasnÕt quite done with Messi. His adopted country
− Messi is Argentine but became a Spanish citizen in 2005 − is now
considering pressing criminal charges against him.
Isso apenas demonstra que a Espanha n‹o tinha conclu’do com Messi. Seu
pa’s de ado•‹o - Messi Ž argentino, mas tornou-se um cidad‹o espanhol em
2005 - agora est‡ considerando apresentar queixa criminal contra ele.
MessiÕs defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. ÒHe is a
footballer and thatÕs it,Ó MessiÕs father Jorge said of his soccer-prodigy son. ÒIf
there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He created the company.
My mistake was to have trusted the adviser.Ó Even if Messi is legally
responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused of having participated in,
itÕs pretty hard to believe that he knew much about it.
A defesa de Messi, proferida pelo seu pai, parece convincente o suficiente para
mim. "Ele Ž um jogador de futebol apenas isso," disse Jorge, pai de Messi a
respeito de seu filho prod’gio no futebol. "Se houve um erro, foi por conta do
nosso consultor financeiro. Ele criou a empresa. Meu erro foi ter confiado no
assessor." Mesmo que Messi seja legalmente respons‡vel pela complexa
evas‹o fiscal que est‡ sendo acusado de ter participado, Ž muito dif’cil
acreditar que ele sabia muito a respeito.
00000000000 - DEMO
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0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
More to the point, Lionel Messi is probably SpainÕs most valuable global asset.
What could possibly motivate the Spanish government to want to tarnish his
reputation, especially after heÕs paid off his alleged debt? After four years of
Great-Depression level unemployment, have anxiety and despair curdled into
vindictiveness?
Mais ao ponto, Lionel Messi Ž provavelmente um dos ativos globais mais
valiosos da Espanha. O que poderia motivar o governo espanhol a querer
manchar sua reputa•‹o, especialmente depois dele ter pago sua suposta
d’vida? Ap—s quatro anos de Grande Depress‹o no grau de desemprego, a
ansiedade e o desespero azedaram em vingan•a?
HereÕs another explanation: Maybe this whole case has less to do with money
than it does with history. Maybe itÕs no coincidence that the target of the
Spanish governmentÕs weird wrath happens to play for FC Barcelona, which is,
after all, "mes que un club." It's a symbol of Catalan nationalism − and a
bitter, longtime rival of SpainÕs establishment team, Real Madrid. Too
conspiratorial? Prove it, Spain. Release Cristiano RonaldoÕs tax return.
Aqui est‡ outra explica•‹o: Talvez esse caso todo tenha menos a ver com
dinheiro do que com a hist—ria. Talvez n‹o seja nenhuma coincid•ncia que o
alvo da estranha ira do governo espanhol aconte•a para representar o
Barcelona Futebol Clube, que Ž, afinal de contas, "mes que un club". ƒ um
s’mbolo do nacionalismo catal‹o - e uma amargo e rival de longa data da
equipe estabelecida da Espanha, o Real Madrid. Muito conspirat—rio? Prove,
Espanha. Alivie a declara•‹o de imposto de renda de Cristiano Ronaldo.
Coment‡rios:
00000000000 - DEMO
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Prof a Marina Marcondes
0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
Gabarito: B
(A) closely.
aproximadamente.
(B) evenly.
regularmente.
(C) much.
muito.
(D) almost.
quase.
(E) not.
n‹o.
Coment‡rios:
No one likes a tax cheat, and thereÕs little doubt that widespread tax fraud
has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and elsewhere,
depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed funds.
But Europe is not going to find the answers to its financial problems in the
pockets of some professional soccer players and clubs.
NinguŽm gosta de fraude tribut‡ria e n‹o h‡ dœvida de que a fraude fiscal
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generalizada ajudou a corroer a rede de seguran•a social na Espanha e em
outros lugares, privando escolas, hospitais e outras institui•›es de fundos
seriamente necess‡rios. No entanto, a Europa n‹o vai encontrar as
respostas para seus problemas financeiros nos bolsos de alguns jogadores
de futebol profissionais e clubes.
Gabarito: C
(B) o pai de Messi assumiu a culpa pela sonega•‹o de que era acusado o filho.
(D) Messi fez um acordo com a Espanha e pagou os impostos devidos, mas
sem juros.
(E) v‡rios clubes ingleses foram obrigados a pagar impostos atrasados no ano
passado.
Coment‡rios:
MessiÕs defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. ÒHe
is a footballer and thatÕs it,Ó MessiÕs father Jorge said of his soccer-prodigy
son. ÒIf there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He
created the company. My mistake was to have trusted the adviser.Ó Even if
Messi is legally responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused of
having participated in, itÕs pretty hard to believe that he knew much about
it.
A defesa de Messi, proferida pelo seu pai, parece convincente o suficiente
para mim. "Ele Ž um jogador de futebol apenas isso," disse Jorge, pai de
Messi a respeito de seu filho prod’gio no futebol. "Se houve um erro, foi
por conta do nosso consultor financeiro. Ele criou a empresa. Meu erro
foi ter confiado no assessor. "Mesmo que Messi seja legalmente respons‡vel
pela complexa evas‹o fiscal que est‡ sendo acusado de ter participado, Ž
muito dif’cil acreditar que ele sabia muito a respeito.
00000000000 - DEMO
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Prof a Marina Marcondes
0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
que era acusado o filho. Pelo contr‡rio, ele culpou o seu contador pela
sonega•‹o.
No one likes a tax cheat, and thereÕs little doubt that widespread tax fraud
has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and elsewhere,
depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed
funds.
NinguŽm gosta de fraude tribut‡ria e n‹o h‡ dœvida de que a fraude fiscal
generalizada ajudou a corroer a rede de seguran•a social na Espanha
e em outros lugares, privando escolas, hospitais e outras
institui•›es de fundos seriamente necess‡rios.
Messi − who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from
sponsors − reached a settlement with SpainÕs tax authorities earlier this
summer, agreeing to pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest.
Messi Ð que ganha aproximadamente US$ 41 milh›es por ano, cerca de
metade dos patrocinadores - chegou a um acordo com as autoridades
fiscais da Espanha no in’cio deste ver‹o, concordando em pagar a quantia
que ele aparentemente devia, acrescida de juros.
Over the summer, dozens of Italian soccer clubs were raided as part of an
investigation into a tax-fraud conspiracy. A number of English Premier
League clubs were forced last year to pay millions of pounds in back
taxes.
Durante o ver‹o, dezenas de clubes de futebol italianos foram invadidos
como parte de uma investiga•‹o sobre uma conspira•‹o de fraude fiscal.
No ano passado, diversos clubes do Primeiro Campeonato Ingl•s
foram for•ados a pagar milh›es de libras em impostos atrasados.
=
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Gabarito: E
(C) acredita que uma ampla investiga•‹o dos clubes e jogadores de futebol
pode recuperar elevadas quantias de impostos sonegados.
(D) acredita que boa parte da crise financeira da Europa se deve ˆ sonega•‹o
fiscal de v‡rios clubes e jogadores de futebol.
Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. Pela leitura do trecho abaixo, verifica-se que o autor n‹o
est‡ seguro de que Messi tinha pleno conhecimento do esquema de
sonega•‹o de que Ž acusado.
Even if Messi is legally responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused
of having participated in, itÕs pretty hard to believe that he knew much
about it.
Mesmo que Messi seja legalmente respons‡vel pela complexa evas‹o fiscal
que est‡ sendo acusado de ter participado, Ž muito dif’cil acreditar que
ele sabia muito a respeito.
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which
strikes me as completely insane on pretty much every level.
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Ent‹o, a Espanha decidiu conduzir Lionel Messi ao tribunal em raz‹o de
sonega•‹o fiscal, o que me parece completamente insano em
praticamente todos os n’veis.
Letra C Ð Errada. Pela leitura do texto, percebe-se que o autor n‹o acredita
que uma ampla investiga•‹o dos clubes e jogadores de futebol pode
recuperar elevadas quantias de impostos sonegados. Pelo contr‡rio, o autor
afirma que a Europa n‹o resolver‡ seus problemas financeiros nos bolsos
de alguns jogadores de futebol profissionais e clubes.
But Europe is not going to find the answers to its financial problems in the
pockets of some professional soccer players and clubs.
No entanto, a Europa n‹o vai encontrar as respostas para seus problemas
financeiros nos bolsos de alguns jogadores de futebol profissionais e clubes.
Letra D Ð Errada. O autor n‹o afirma que boa parte da crise financeira da
Europa se deve ˆ sonega•‹o fiscal de v‡rios clubes e jogadores de futebol.
Ele menciona que a fraude fiscal generalizada (widespread tax fraud)
contribuiu para a crise.
No one likes a tax cheat, and thereÕs little doubt that widespread tax
fraud has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and elsewhere,
depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed funds.
NinguŽm gosta de fraude tribut‡ria e n‹o h‡ dœvida de que a fraude fiscal
generalizada ajudou a corroer a rede de seguran•a social na Espanha e
em outros lugares, privando escolas, hospitais e outras institui•›es de
fundos seriamente necess‡rios.
Gabarito: B
00000000000 - DEMO
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0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
îrg‹o: Banco do Brasil
Cargo: Escritur‡rio
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2015
by Holly Johnson
por Holly Johnson
00000000000 - DEMO
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econ™mico do momento.
00000000000 - DEMO
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Prof a Marina Marcondes
0e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 00
Com tanta d’vida j‡ em seus curr’culos, a gera•‹o Y est‡
preocupada com a adi•‹o de qualquer dŽbito de cart‹o de
crŽdito na pilha. Afinal de contas, muitos adultos com d’vida
de emprŽstimo estudantil precisam fazer pagamentos por
anos e atŽ mesmo dŽcadas.
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hist—rico de crŽdito positivo.
66
The main purpose of the text is to
O principal objetivo do texto Ž
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(E) demonstrate the millennialsÕ need of credit card use to build a credit
history.
demonstrar a necessidade de uso do cart‹o de crŽdito pela gera•‹o Y para
construir um hist—rico de crŽdito.
Coment‡rios:
(...)
(...)
(...)
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(...)
(...)
(...)
(...)
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usu‡rios depositam. Inscrever-se para um cart‹o
segurado Ž uma forma de construir um hist—rico de
crŽdito positivo sem qualquer risco.
Gabarito: C
67
In the sentence of the text Òthe Great Recession caused millennials to stray
from historic patterns when it comes to purchasing a home and having
childrenÓ (lines 10 Ð 12), the word stray can be replaced, with no change in
meaning, by
Na frase do texto "a Grande Recess‹o provocou o desvio de padr›es hist—ricos
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pela gera•‹o Y, quando se trata de comprar uma casa e ter filhos" (linhas 10 -
12), a palavra desvio pode ser substitu’da, sem mudan•a de sentido, por
(A) stem
diminui•‹o
(B) start
in’cio
(C) range
alcance
(D) follow
persegui•‹o
(E) deviate
desvio
Coment‡rios:
Veja que a œnica palavra que pode substituir stray (desvio), sem que haja
mudan•a no sentido da frase, Ž deviate (desvio). As demais alternativas
provocam mudan•a no significado.
Gabarito: E
68
The word skittish, in the sentence of the text ÒWith those figures, itÕs no
wonder that millennials are skittish when it comes to credit cardsÓ (lines 21 Ð
22), can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
A palavra arisca, na frase do texto "Com esses nœmeros, n‹o Ž de admirar
que a gera•‹o Y Ž arisca quando se trata de cart›es de crŽdito" (linhas 21 -
22), pode ser substitu’da, sem mudan•a de sentido, por
(A) uncertain
incerta
(B) enthusiastic
entusiasta
(C) depressed
deprimida
(D) determined
determinada
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(E) secure
segura
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: A
69
The sentence of the text ÒWith so much debt already under their belts,
millennials are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pileÓ (lines 34
- 36) conveys the idea that millenials have
A frase do texto "Com tanta d’vida j‡ em seus curr’culos, a gera•‹o Y est‡
preocupada com a adi•‹o de qualquer dŽbito de cart‹o de crŽdito na pilha"
(linhas 34 - 36) transmite a ideia de que a gera•‹o Y
(A) piles of bills to pay every month, but they can use their credit cards
moderately.
tem pilhas de contas a pagar todos os meses, mas eles podem usar seus
cart›es de crŽdito moderadamente.
(B) so many bills to pay that credit card bills wouldnÕt make much difference.
tem tantas contas a pagar que as faturas de cart‹o de crŽdito n‹o fariam
muita diferen•a.
(C) so many bills to pay that they have to sell their belongings.
tem tantas contas a pagar que eles t•m que vender os seus pertences.
(D) so much debt to pay that they canÕt afford another one.
tem tanta d’vida para pagar que eles n‹o podem pagar outra.
Coment‡rios:
With so much debt already under their belts,
millennials are worried about adding any credit card
debt to the pile. After all, many adults with student loan
debt need to make payments for years, and even decades.
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Com tanta d’vida j‡ em seus curr’culos, a gera•‹o
Y est‡ preocupada com a adi•‹o de qualquer dŽbito
de cart‹o de crŽdito na pilha. Afinal de contas, muitos
adultos com d’vida de emprŽstimo estudantil precisam
fazer pagamentos por anos e atŽ mesmo dŽcadas.
Letra B Ð Errada. A gera•‹o Y tem v‡rias contas a pagar, mas o texto n‹o
menciona nada que as faturas de cart‹o de crŽdito n‹o fariam muita
diferen•a para eles. Ao contr‡rio, a gera•‹o Y j‡ tem tantas d’vidas que tem
medo de acrescentar qualquer novo dŽbito de cart‹o de crŽdito.
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto n‹o fala nada sobre eles venderem seus pertences.
With so much debt already under their belts, millennials are worried
about adding any credit card debt to the pile. (texto)
(Com tanta d’vida j‡ em seus curr’culos, a gera•‹o Y est‡ preocupada com a
adi•‹o de qualquer dŽbito de cart‹o de crŽdito na pilha)
so much debt to pay that they canÕt afford another one. (letra D)
(tem tanta d’vida para pagar que eles n‹o podem pagar outra)
Letra E Ð Errada. O texto n‹o fala nada sobre o fato deles n‹o terem cart›es
de crŽdito simplesmente porque n‹o gostam. O autor menciona ao longo de
todo o texto que a gera•‹o Y tem medo dos dŽbitos que os cart›es de
crŽdito podem adicionar em suas d’vidas.
Gabarito: D
70
In the sentence of the text ÒStill, there are plenty of ways millennials can
build a credit history without a credit cardÓ (lines 46 Ð 47), the quantifier
plenty of can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Na frase do texto "Ainda assim, existem muitas maneiras de a gera•‹o Y
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construir uma hist—ria de crŽdito sem um cart‹o de crŽdito" (linhas 46 - 47), o
quantificador muitas pode ser substitu’do, sem mudan•a de sentido, por
(A) some
algumas
(B) few
poucas
(C) a few
poucas
(D) a little
um pouco
(E) lots of
muitas
Gabarito: E
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îrg‹o: Ag•ncia Nacional do Petr—leo, G‡s Natural e Biocombust’veis -
ANP
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2016
By Robert Fares
Por Robert Fares
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que afeta diretamente os resultados de tecnologias como a
e—lica e a solar.
Due in part to the turn away from oil in the 70s, today
the United States produces just 0.7 percent of its electricity
using petroleum. Therefore, the price of oil has no direct
25 impact on the price of electricity. Most electricity comes
from coal (39 percent) and natural gas (27 percent), with the
remainder coming from nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, and
other renewables. The fuel with the most direct impact on the
price of electricity is natural gas, because natural gas
30 generation often sets the price of electricity in the
market. To gauge how low oil prices might affect the price of
electricity, itÕs really important to think about how they might
affect the price of natural gas.
Devido em parte a sua recusa ao petr—leo na dŽcada de
70, hoje os Estados Unidos produzem apenas 0,7 por cento
da sua eletricidade a partir do petr—leo. Portanto, o pre•o do
petr—leo n‹o tem impacto direto sobre o pre•o da
eletricidade. A maior parte da eletricidade vem do carv‹o (39
por cento) e do g‡s natural (27 por cento), com o restante
vindo das energias nuclear, hidrelŽtrica, e—lica e de outras
energias renov‡veis. O combust’vel com a influ•ncia mais
direta sobre o pre•o da eletricidade Ž o g‡s natural, porque a
gera•‹o do g‡s natural define, com frequ•ncia, o pre•o da
eletricidade no mercado. Para medir quanto os baixos pre•os
do petr—leo podem afetar o pre•o da eletricidade, Ž
realmente importante pensar sobre como eles podem afetar
o pre•o do g‡s natural.
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express purpose of extracting gas, a portion comes from
40 wells that are drilled to extract oil, but produce natural
gas as a byproduct. This Òassociated gasÓ or Òcasinghead
gasÓ is often flared in regions like the Bakken in North
Dakota, which has limited pipeline infrastructure. However, in
regions like TexasÕs Eagle Ford and Permian Basin, this gas is
45 often injected into the existing pipeline network. Because
drillers are really after the more-valuable oil, associated
natural gas is often simply dumped into the pipelines at little
or no cost Ñ depressing the overall price of natural gas.
Embora os pre•os do petr—leo e do g‡s natural tenham
se dissociado nos œltimos anos, ainda h‡ um v’nculo indireto
entre o pre•o do petr—leo e do g‡s natural, porque tanto
petr—leo como o g‡s natural s‹o frequentemente produzidos
a partir da mesma fonte. Enquanto a maior parte do g‡s
natural americano Ž produzido a partir de po•os perfurados
com a finalidade expressa de extra•‹o de g‡s, uma parte
vem de fontes que s‹o perfuradas para extrair petr—leo, mas
produzem g‡s natural como um subproduto. Esse "g‡s
associado" ou "g‡s natural extra’do de po•os de petr—leo" Ž
frequentemente queimado em regi›es como o Bakken na
Dakota do Norte, que possui uma infra-estrutura limitada de
gasoduto. No entanto, em regi›es como o Eagle Ford e a
Bacia de Permian no Texas, este g‡s Ž muitas vezes
introduzido na rede de gasoduto existente. Em raz‹o de os
perfuradores serem de longe o petr—leo mais valioso, o g‡s
natural associado Ž, com frequ•ncia, simplesmente
despejado nos gasodutos por muito pouco ou nenhum custo -
depreciando o pre•o global do g‡s natural.
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Available at: <http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/
low-oil-prices-could-be-good-for-electricity-and-renewables/>.
Retrieved on: Nov. 10th, 2015. Adapted
Dispon’vel em: <http: //blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/pre•os-
baixos-do-petr—leo-poderiam-ser-bons-para-eletricidade-e-renov‡veis />.
Recuperado em: 10 de novembro de 2015. Adaptado.
16
The main objective of the text is to
O principal objetivo do texto Ž
(A) argue that the prices of oil are currently excessively low.
argumentar que os pre•os do petr—leo s‹o excessivamente baixos
atualmente.
(B) introduce the idea that the low prices of oil can be positive for electricity
and renewables.
introduzir a ideia de que os baixos pre•os do petr—leo podem ser positivos
para a eletricidade e para as energias renov‡veis.
(C) defend the position of those who see no connection between the prices of
oil and the electric market.
defender a posi•‹o daqueles que n‹o v•em conex‹o entre os pre•os do
petr—leo e do mercado elŽtrico.
(D) discuss the position of the Reagan government in relation to oil prices in
the 80s.
discutir a posi•‹o do governo Reagan em rela•‹o aos pre•os do petr—leo na
dŽcada de 80.
(E) attack those who believe that the prices of oil should increase.
atacar aqueles que acreditam que os pre•os do petr—leo devem aumentar.
Coment‡rios:
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Thankfully, this time around, the outlook for
renewable energy isnÕt so bleak. In fact, it is possible low
oil prices could actually improve the economics of
renewable energy. It all comes down to the
relationship between oil and gas production and the
price of electricity, which directly affects the bottom line
of technologies like wind and solar.
Felizmente, desta vez, as perspectivas para as
energias renov‡veis n‹o s‹o t‹o sombrias. Na verdade, Ž
poss’vel que os pre•os baixos do petr—leo realmente
melhorem a economia das energias renov‡veis. Tudo
se resume ˆ rela•‹o entre a produ•‹o de petr—leo e
g‡s e o pre•o da eletricidade, que afetam diretamente
os resultados de tecnologias como a e—lica e a solar.
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto atŽ menciona que o pre•o do petr—leo n‹o tem
impacto direto sobre o pre•o da eletricidade (the price of oil has no direct
impact on the price of electricity), mas o autor n‹o defende a posi•‹o
daqueles que n‹o v•em conex‹o entre os pre•os do petr—leo e do mercado
elŽtrico.
Letra E Ð Errada. O autor n‹o faz nenhum tipo de ataque ˆqueles que
acreditam que os pre•os do petr—leo devem aumentar. Ali‡s, o texto nem
menciona sobre essas supostas pessoas que acreditam que o pre•o do
petr—leo deveria aumentar. Portanto, essa afirma•‹o nunca poderia ser o
principal objetivo do texto.
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Gabarito: B
17
In the fragment of the text ÒThankfully, this time around, the outlook for
renewable energy isnÕt so bleakÓ (lines 10-11), the word bleak can be
replaced, with no change in meaning, by
No fragmento do texto "Felizmente, desta vez, as perspectivas para as
energias renov‡veis n‹o s‹o t‹o sombrias." (linhas 10-11), a palavra
sombrias pode ser substitu’da, sem mudan•a de sentido, por
(A) encouraging
animadoras
(B) cheerful
alegres
(C) optimistic
otimistas
(D) desolate
desoladoras
(E) promising
promissoras
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: D
18
In the fragment of the text ÒIt all comes down to the relationship between oil
and gas production and the price of electricity, which directly affects the
bottom line of technologies like wind and solarÓ (lines 12-15), the pronoun
which refers to
No fragmento do texto "Tudo se resume ˆ rela•‹o entre a produ•‹o de
petr—leo e g‡s e o pre•o da eletricidade, que afeta diretamente os resultados
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de tecnologias como a e—lica e a solar." (linhas 12-15), o pronome que se
refere
(C) electricity
ˆ eletricidade
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: D
19
In the fragment of the text ÒDue in part to the turn away from oil in the 70s,
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today the United States produces just 0.7 percent of its electricity using
petroleum. Therefore, the price of oil has no direct impact on the price of
electricityÓ (lines 22-25), the linking word therefore introduces the idea of
No fragmento do texto "Devido em parte a sua recusa ao petr—leo na dŽcada
de 70, hoje os Estados Unidos produzem apenas 0,7 por cento da sua
eletricidade a partir do petr—leo. Portanto, o pre•o do petr—leo n‹o tem
impacto direto sobre o pre•o da eletricidade." (linhas 22-25), a palavra de
liga•‹o portanto introduz a idŽia de
(A) conclusion
conclus‹o
(B) addition
adi•‹o
(C) cause
causa
(D) condition
condi•‹o
(E) opposition
oposi•‹o
Coment‡rios:
We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.
(N—s n‹o consegu’amos angariar fundos e, portanto, tivemos que abandonar
o projeto.)
Gabarito: A
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20
From the fragment of the text ÒAlthough oil and natural gas prices have
decoupled in recent years, there is still an indirect link between the price of oil
and the price of natural gas, because both oil and natural gas are often
produced from the same wellÓ (lines 34-37), it can be inferred that
A partir do fragmento do texto "Embora os pre•os do petr—leo e do g‡s natural
tenham se dissociado nos œltimos anos, ainda h‡ um v’nculo indireto entre o
pre•o do petr—leo e do g‡s natural, porque tanto petr—leo como o g‡s natural
s‹o frequentemente produzidos a partir da mesma fonte." (linhas 34-37),
pode-se inferir que
(A) oil and natural gas are seldom extracted from the same wells.
o petr—leo e o g‡s natural s‹o raramente extra’dos das mesmas fontes.
(B) oil and natural gas produced from the same well have their prices often
determined by government decisions.
o petr—leo e o g‡s natural produzidos a partir da mesma fonte t•m seus
pre•os frequentemente determinados por decis›es do governo.
(C) oil and natural gas extracted from the same wells bring as an effect an
indirect link between their prices.
o petr—leo e o g‡s natural extra’dos das mesmas fontes trazem como
efeito uma liga•‹o indireta entre os seus pre•os.
(D) oil and natural gas prices have been increasingly independent in recent
years because they are often produced from the same well.
os pre•os do petr—leo e do g‡s natural t•m sido cada vez mais
independentes nos œltimos anos, porque eles s‹o frequentemente produzidos a
partir da mesma fonte.
(E) oil and natural gas prices have been increasingly dependent in recent years
because they are often produced from the same well.
os pre•os do petr—leo e do g‡s natural t•m sido cada vez mais dependentes
nos œltimos anos, porque eles s‹o frequentemente produzidos a partir da
mesma fonte.
Coment‡rios:
Letra B Ð Errada. O trecho n‹o cita que o petr—leo e o g‡s natural produzidos
a partir da mesma fonte t•m seus pre•os frequentemente determinados por
decis›es do governo. O autor fala que o v’nculo indireto existente entre o
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pre•o do petr—leo e do g‡s natural se d‡ em raz‹o deles serem muitas vezes
produzidos a partir da mesma fonte.
...is still an indirect link between the price of oil and the price of
natural gas, because both oil and natural gas are often produced
from the same well. (texto)
(...ainda h‡ um v’nculo indireto entre o pre•o do petr—leo e do g‡s natural,
porque tanto petr—leo como o g‡s natural s‹o frequentemente produzidos a
partir da mesma fonte.)
...oil and natural gas extracted from the same wells bring as an
effect an indirect link between their prices. (letra C)
(...o petr—leo e o g‡s natural extra’dos das mesmas fontes trazem como
efeito uma liga•‹o indireta entre os seus pre•os.)
Gabarito: C
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îrg‹o: Ag•ncia Nacional do Petr—leo, G‡s Natural e Biocombust’veis -
ANP
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2016
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de longo prazo para a economia dos EUA, nem aumentaria a
seguran•a energŽtica americana ou ajudaria a reduzir os
pre•os do g‡s, que j‡ diminu’ram drasticamente no œltimo
ano.
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gasoduto."
16
The main objective of the text is to
O principal objetivo do texto Ž
(C) present the reasons why the American government is against the
construction of Keystone XL Pipeline through the American territory.
apresentar as raz›es pelas quais o governo americano Ž contra a
constru•‹o do oleoduto Keystone XL atravŽs do territ—rio americano.
(E) stress the benefits of the Keystone XL Pipeline to the Canadian economy.
acentuar os benef’cios do oleoduto Keystone XL para a economia
canadense.
Coment‡rios:
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oleoduto Keystone XL para a economia americana. Ao contr‡rio, o texto
aponta diversas desvantagens.
Gabarito: C
17
From the fragment ÒObama said America is a global leader on taking action on
climate change, and approving Keystone XL would have undercut that
leadershipÓ (lines 7-9), one can infer that
A partir do fragmento "Obama disse que a AmŽrica Ž uma l’der global em
tomar medidas sobre as altera•›es clim‡ticas, e aprovar Keystone XL
prejudicaria essa lideran•a" (linhas 7-9), pode-se inferir que
(A) the United States is not concerned with the impact of the pipeline on
climate change.
os Estados Unidos n‹o est‹o preocupados com o impacto do gasoduto
sobre as altera•›es clim‡ticas.
(D) the American government sees no relation between the construction of the
Keystone XL and climate change.
o governo americano n‹o v• rela•‹o entre a constru•‹o de Keystone XL e
as mudan•as clim‡ticas.
(E) the approval of the Keystone XL would contradict American concerns with
climate change.
a aprova•‹o de Keystone XL iria contradizer as preocupa•›es americanas
relativas ˆs mudan•as clim‡ticas.
Coment‡rios:
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Letra A Ð Errada. Se a lideran•a dos EUA em tomar medidas relacionadas ˆs
altera•›es clim‡ticas estaria amea•ada em raz‹o da aprova•‹o de Keystone
XL, isso demonstra que os Estados Unidos est‹o preocupados com o impacto
do gasoduto sobre as altera•›es clim‡ticas
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medidas sobre as altera•›es clim‡ticas, e aprovar Keystone XL prejudicaria
essa lideran•a, isso significa que a aprova•‹o de Keystone XL iria
contradizer as preocupa•›es americanas relativas ˆs mudan•as
clim‡ticas.
Gabarito: E
18
In the fragment of the text ÒAmong the reasons for rejecting Keystone XL,
Obama said the pipeline would not make a meaningful long-term contribution
to the U.S. economy, nor would it increase U.S. energy security or help to
lower gas prices, which have already declined dramatically over the last yearÓ
(lines 12-16), the pronoun which refers to
No fragmento do texto "Entre as raz›es para rejeitar Keystone XL, Obama
disse que o gasoduto n‹o faria uma contribui•‹o significativa de longo prazo
para a economia dos EUA, nem aumentaria a seguran•a energŽtica americana
ou ajudaria a reduzir os pre•os do g‡s, que j‡ diminu’ram drasticamente no
œltimo ano." (linhas 12-16), o pronome que se refere
(C) pipeline
ao gasoduto
Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. Veja que a economia dos EUA (U.S. economy) n‹o
diminuiu drasticamente no œltimo ano.
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Letra D Ð Certa. Para resolver essa quest‹o, basta fazer a pergunta: o que j‡
diminu’ram drasticamente no œltimo ano? Os pre•os do g‡s. Perceba que o
pronome que (which) faz refer•ncia exatamente aos pre•os do g‡s (gas
prices).
Gabarito: D
19
In the fragment of the text Ònor would it increase U.S. energy security or help
to lower gas prices, which have already declined dramatically over the last
yearÓ (lines 14-16), the adverb dramatically can be replaced, with no change
in meaning, by
No fragmento do texto "nem aumentaria a seguran•a energŽtica americana ou
ajudaria a reduzir os pre•os do g‡s, que j‡ diminu’ram drasticamente no
œltimo ano." (linhas 14-16), o advŽrbio drasticamente pode ser substitu’do,
sem mudan•a de sentido, por
(A) theatrically
teatralmente
(B) greatly
imensamente
(C) trivially
trivialmente
(D) lightly
ligeiramente
(E) discreetly
discretamente
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: B
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20
After reading the 10th paragraph of the text (lines 44-52), one can infer that
Depois de ler o dŽcimo par‡grafo do texto (linhas 44-52), pode-se inferir que
(A) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50
years if it carried tar sands oil.
o gasoduto liberaria 1,3 bilh‹o de toneladas de emiss›es de gases com
efeito estufa em 50 anos, se ele transportasse areias betuminosas de petr—leo.
(B) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50
years if it carried conventional crude oil.
o gasoduto liberaria 1,3 bilh‹o de toneladas de emiss›es de gases com
efeito estufa em 50 anos, se transportasse o petr—leo bruto convencional.
(C) the pipeline would release the same volume of greenhouse emissions in 50
years no matter what kind of oil it carried.
o gasoduto liberaria o mesmo volume de emiss›es de gases com efeito
estufa em 50 anos, n‹o importa qual o tipo de petr—leo ele transportasse.
Coment‡rios:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculated
that the tar sands oil the pipeline would carry is
highly damaging to the climate, emitting about 1.3
billion more tons of greenhouse emissions over the
pipelineÕs 50-year lifespan than if it were carrying
conventional crude oil. The production of tar sands oil
releases 17 percent more CO2 into the atmosphere than
the average barrel of crude oil produced elsewhere,
according to the State Department.
A Ag•ncia de Prote•‹o Ambiental dos EUA calculou
que as areias betuminosas de petr—leo que o
gasoduto transportaria s‹o altamente prejudiciais ao
clima, emitindo cerca de 1,3 bilh‹o de toneladas a
mais de emiss›es de efeito estufa ao longo dos 50
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anos de vida œtil do gasoduto do que se estivesse
carregando petr—leo bruto convencional. A produ•‹o
de petr—leo de areias betuminosas libera 17 por cento a
mais de CO2 na atmosfera do que o barril mŽdio de
petr—leo bruto produzido em outros lugares, de acordo com
o Departamento de Estado.
Gabarito: D
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îrg‹o: Petrobr‡s
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2015
Text I
Texto I
Good oil and gas talent is in short supply. Combine the so-
called ÒBig Shift ChangeÓ with the reduced number of
students applying for and completing STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses in
5 college, and there is a serious concern about where the
next generation of industry talent will come from.
Bons talentos do petr—leo e g‡s est‹o em falta. Combine a
chamada "Grande Mudan•a de Turno" com um nœmero
reduzido de alunos se candidatando e concluindo os cursos
das faculdades STEM (Ci•ncias, Tecnologia, Engenharia e
Matem‡tica), e h‡ uma sŽria preocupa•‹o sobre de onde vir‡
a pr—xima gera•‹o de talentos da indœstria.
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direcionados. Como resultado, essas empresas s‹o obrigadas
a substituir um percentual crescente de seus contratados
diplomados no primeiro ano.
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integral durante a escola, deve demonstrar dinamismo,
motiva•‹o, gest‹o do tempo e desenvoltura Ð todos
benŽficos no trabalho. Essa pessoa pode ser t‹o qualificada
quanto um melhor aluno. Utilizar avalia•›es objetivas para
medir a empregabilidade - uma estimativa abrangente de
compet•ncias tŽcnicas e pessoais e o potencial global -
melhora as chances de realizar as contrata•›es certas para a
empresa.
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est‡ realmente motivada por oportunidades para se
desenvolver e crescer, demonstrar o talento que eles t•m e
se promover na empresa, em vez do sal‡rio. Ali‡s, outras
gera•›es est‹o interessadas nessas coisas tambŽm e
manifestar um compromisso com os colaboradores em
desenvolvimento ajudar‡ a manter os funcion‡rios atuais,
bem como atrair novos.
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overall company rather than for a specific job. A talented
engineer with strong capacity for learning and potential for
85 growth is someone worth investing in, even if a perfect
role isnÕt available at the present time.
As empresas de sucesso encontram um equil’brio entre
responder ˆs exig•ncias de gest‹o para preencher as vagas
dispon’veis e encontrar as pessoas certas para atender ˆs
necessidades comerciais de longo prazo. Vagas sempre ter‹o
que ser preenchidas, mas a urg•ncia de contrata•‹o para as
vagas atuais deve ser mitigada com o objetivo de contratar
pessoas que v‹o crescer com a organiza•‹o. Muitas empresas
de petr—leo e g‡s de sucesso est‹o contratando para ajustar
a empresa como um todo e n‹o para um trabalho espec’fico.
Um engenheiro talentoso, com forte capacidade de
aprendizado e potencial para crescimento Ž alguŽm que vale
a pena investir, mesmo se um cargo perfeito n‹o est‡
dispon’vel no momento.
With a growing need for new talent in the sector, most oil
and gas companies will feel pressure to hire new millennial
employees as rapidly as possible. However, making incorrect
assumptions about how millennials think and hiring for short-
100 term rather than long-term goals will be ineffective.
Companies will see the most success in attracting top
millennial talent by taking a more thoughtful, objective and
company-specific approach to hiring.
Com uma crescente necessidade de novos talentos no setor,
a maioria das empresas de petr—leo e g‡s sentir‡ a press‹o
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para contratar novos funcion‡rios da gera•‹o Y o mais r‡pido
poss’vel. No entanto, fazer suposi•›es incorretas sobre como
a gera•‹o Y pensa e contratar por um curto prazo ao invŽs de
objetivos de longo prazo ser‡ ineficaz. As empresas
presenciar‹o o maior sucesso em atrair os melhores talentos
da gera•‹o Y, adotando uma abordagem de contrata•‹o mais
ponderada, objetiva e espec’fica para a empresa.
11
The main purpose of Text I is to
O principal objetivo do texto I Ž
(C) present some advice on how to identify young talents for the oil and gas
industry.
apresentar alguns conselhos sobre como identificar jovens talentos para a
indœstria de petr—leo e g‡s.
(D) defend the idea that millennials are not prepared for the oil and gas
market demands.
defender a ideia de que a gera•‹o Y n‹o est‡ preparada para as exig•ncias
do mercado de petr—leo e g‡s.
(E) deconstruct the myth that millennials are looking to stay in a company for
a short time.
desconstruir o mito de que a gera•‹o Y est‡ visando permanecer em uma
empresa por um per’odo curto.
Coment‡rios:
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Letra B Ð Errada. O texto realmente disp›e sobre como compreender as
motiva•›es da gera•‹o Y, mas isso n‹o corresponde ao principal objetivo do
texto.
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what motivates them. Our research shows this
generation is actually motivated by opportunities to
develop and grow, demonstrate the talents they have, and
move up in the company, rather than by salary. (...)
Para atrair os melhores trabalhadores da gera•‹o Y,
entenda o que os motiva. Nossa pesquisa revela que
esta gera•‹o est‡ realmente motivada por oportunidades
para se desenvolver e crescer, demonstrar o talento que
eles t•m e se promover na empresa, em vez do sal‡rio.
(...)
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em um lugar.
Gabarito: C
12
In the fragment of Text I ÒCEB research shows that five-in-six hiring managers
believe their new graduate hires present a lack of the skills and knowledge
they consider necessaryÓ (lines 8-10), the word lack can be replaced, without
change in meaning, by
No fragmento do texto que "a pesquisa CEB demonstra que cinco em cada seis
gerentes de contrata•‹o acreditam que seus recŽm-contratados graduados
apresentam uma falta de habilidades e conhecimentos que eles consideram
necess‡rios." (linhas 8-10), a palavra falta pode ser substitu’da, sem mudan•a
de sentido, por
(A) profusion
profus‹o
(B) shortage
insufici•ncia
(C) abundance
abund‰ncia
(D) increase
aumento
(E) sufficiency
sufici•ncia
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: B
13
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In the fragment of Text I ÒWeÕve identified several tips for companies that
want to see greater return on investment for millennial recruitmentÓ (lines 21-
23), the verb form in bold indicates that the
No fragmento do texto I "N—s identificamos v‡rias dicas para as empresas
que querem ver um maior retorno sobre o investimento no recrutamento da
gera•‹o Y." (linhas 21-23), a forma verbal em negrito indica que
(E) results of the identification of the tips were considered important in the
past.
os resultados da identifica•‹o das dicas foram considerados importantes no
passado.
Coment‡rios:
Present Perfect
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letra D - the verb form in bold indicates that the results of the
identification of the tips are importante now (a forma verbal em negrito
indica que os resultados da identifica•‹o das dicas s‹o importantes agora).
Gabarito: D
14
Based on the fragment of Text I ÒUsing objective assessments to measure
employability Ð a comprehensive evaluation of hard and soft skills and overall
potential Ð improves the odds of finding the right hires for the businessÓ (lines
37-40), one infers that objective assessments
Com base no fragmento do texto I "Utilizar avalia•›es objetivas para medir a
empregabilidade - uma estimativa abrangente de compet•ncias tŽcnicas e
pessoais e o potencial global - melhora as chances de realizar as contrata•›es
certas para a empresa." (linhas 37-40), infere-se que as avalia•›es objetivas
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Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Certa. Se a utiliza•‹o das avalia•›es objetivas, para mensurar a
empregabilidade, aumenta as possibilidades de efetuar contrata•›es
adequadas para a empresa, portanto, infere-se que as avalia•›es
objetivas melhoram as possibilidades de encontrar as contrata•›es
certas (objective assessments improve the chances of finding the
right hires).
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto n‹o fala que as avalia•›es objetivas s‹o o œnico
mŽtodo de medi•‹o da empregabilidade.
Gabarito: A
15
In the fragment of Text I ÒNonetheless, less than a third actually trust the
information they receive through social channelsÓ (lines 44-45), the word
nonetheless conveys an idea of
No fragmento de texto I "No entanto, menos de um ter•o realmente confia
nas informa•›es que recebem atravŽs dos canais sociais." (linhas 44-45), a
palavra no entanto transmite uma idŽia de
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(A) addition
adi•‹o
(B) conclusion
conclus‹o
(C) explanation
explica•‹o
(D) exemplification
exemplifica•‹o
(E) opposition
oposi•‹o
Coment‡rios:
Gabarito: E
16
Based on the 7th paragraph of Text I (lines 62-74), it is implicit the author
believes that
Com base no sŽtimo par‡grafo do Texto I (linhas 62-74), est‡ impl’cito que o
autor acredita que
(A) new employees should be ready to work from the moment they are hired.
os novos funcion‡rios devem estar prontos para trabalhar a partir do
momento em que s‹o contratados.
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(B) new employees should have their skills developed for their future in the
company.
os novos funcion‡rios devem ter as suas habilidades desenvolvidas para o
seu futuro na empresa.
(D) the ability to work with others should not be considered an important issue
when hiring someone.
a capacidade de trabalhar com os outros n‹o deve ser considerada uma
quest‹o importante na hora de contratar alguŽm.
(E) candidatesÕ capacity to learn is the only issue that should be taken into
consideration when hiring someone.
a capacidade dos candidatos para aprender Ž a œnica quest‹o que deve ser
levada em considera•‹o na hora de contratar alguŽm.
Coment‡rios:
4. Remember that new hires donÕt always have to be
work-ready
4. Lembre-se de que os novos contratados nem sempre
t•m que estar prontos para o trabalho
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admitidos, identifique e invista no desenvolvimento
das compet•ncias que os graduados precisam para
prosperar hoje no trabalho e se preparar para futuras
responsabilidades.
Letra A Ð Errada. O autor n‹o fala que os novos funcion‡rios devem estar
prontos para trabalhar a partir do momento em que s‹o contratados. Ao
contr‡rio, a dica 4 afirma que os novos contratados nem sempre t•m que
estar prontos para o trabalho.
Gabarito: B
17
In the 8th paragraph of Text I (lines 75-86), the word vacancies is used three
times. To avoid one more repetition, the author chose as synonym for
vacancies the word
No oitavo par‡grafo do texto I (linhas 75-86), a palavra vagas Ž usada tr•s
vezes. Para evitar mais uma repeti•‹o, o autor escolheu como sin™nimo de
vagas a palavra
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Gabarito: D
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Text II
Texto II
The global oil market will undergo sweeping changes over the
next five years. A manager at an oil and gas company
recently remarked that there are only two kinds of people
working in the sector: those who already feel the impact of
5 the Big Shift Change and those who are going to. He knew
what he was talking about.
O mercado global de petr—leo vai sofrer mudan•as radicais ao
longo dos pr—ximos cinco anos. Um gerente de uma empresa
de petr—leo e g‡s observou recentemente que existem
apenas dois tipos de pessoas que trabalham no setor:
aqueles que j‡ sentem o impacto da Grande Mudan•a e
aqueles que ir‹o sentir. Ele sabia o que estava falando.
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seguran•a, conformidade e efici•ncia operacional.
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¥ Optimize performance support: After theyÕve been trained,
members of the new workforce will require substantially
40 more support than their predecessors. YouÕll need SOPs
(Standard Operating Procedures), work instructions and job
aids that are easy to access and easy to understand. It will
be more important than ever for you to ensure that their
content is clear, concise and up-to-date, with regular review
45 cycles.
¥ Otimize o suporte ao desempenho: Depois deles terem
sido treinados, os membros da nova for•a de trabalho
exigir‹o substancialmente mais apoio do que seus
antecessores. Voc• vai precisar de SOPs (Procedimentos
Operacionais Padr‹o), instru•›es de trabalho e auxiliares de
tarefa que sejam f‡ceis de acessar e de compreender. Ser‡
mais importante do que nunca para voc• garantir que o seu
conteœdo Ž claro, conciso e atualizado, com ciclos de
avalia•‹o regulares.
Availabe at:
<http://www.informationmapping.com/en/resources/blog/entry/3-must-
have-strategies-for-the-oil-and-gas-sector-s-big-shift-change>.Retrieved
on: Apr. 20th, 2015. Adapted.
Dispon’vel em:
<http://www.informationmapping.com/en/resources/blog/entry/as-3-
estratŽgias-obrigat—rias-para-a-grande-mudan•a-nos-setores-de-
petr—leo-e-g‡s>.Recuperado em: 20 de abril de 2015. Adaptado.
18
According to Text II, the expression Big Shift Change in its title is primarily
related to the idea that the companies
De acordo com o texto II, a express‹o Grande Mudan•a em seu t’tulo est‡
essencialmente relacionada com a ideia de que as empresas
(B) will soon have to operate on lower costs and reduced number of staff.
ter‹o que funcionar em breve com custos mais baixos e nœmero reduzido
de pessoal.
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(E) lack financial resources to hire the number of employees they will need for
their operations.
n‹o disp›em de recursos financeiros para contratar o nœmero de
trabalhadores que eles precisam para as suas opera•›es.
Coment‡rios:
Letra B Ð Errada. O texto n‹o menciona nada sobre as empresas terem que
funcionar com custos mais baixos e nœmero reduzido de pessoal.
Letra C Ð Errada. O texto n‹o fala nada sobre as empresas terem que
funcionar em ramos diversificados de atividades industriais.
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Gabarito: A
19
From the fragment in Text II ÒHere are 3 strategies that can help ensure that
your company is ready to cope with the Big Shift ChangeÓ (lines 20-21), one
concludes that the 3 recommended strategies aim at
A partir do fragmento do texto II "Aqui est‹o 3 estratŽgias que podem ajudar a
garantir que a sua empresa est‡ pronta para lidar com a Grande Mudan•a."
(linhas 20-21), conclui-se que as 3 estratŽgias recomendadas t•m por objetivo
(B) training young employees to carry on their tasks with the least possible
support.
capacitar jovens funcion‡rios para conduzir as suas tarefas com o m’nimo
apoio poss’vel.
(C) adapting to the companiesÕ likely failure in the way they carry on their
businesses.
adaptar ao prov‡vel fracasso das empresas na maneira como eles
conduzem seus neg—cios.
Coment‡rios:
Here are 3 strategies that can help ensure that your
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company is ready to cope with the Big Shift Change.
Aqui est‹o 3 estratŽgias que podem ajudar a garantir que a
sua empresa est‡ pronta para lidar com a Grande
Mudan•a.
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to understand. It will be more important than ever for you
to ensure that their content is clear, concise and up-to-
date, with regular review cycles.
¥ Otimize o suporte ao desempenho: Depois deles terem
sido treinados, os membros da nova for•a de trabalho
exigir‹o substancialmente mais apoio do que seus
antecessores. Voc• vai precisar de SOPs (Procedimentos
Operacionais Padr‹o), instru•›es de trabalho e auxiliares
de tarefa que sejam f‡ceis de acessar e de compreender.
Ser‡ mais importante do que nunca para voc• garantir que
o seu conteœdo Ž claro, conciso e atualizado, com ciclos de
avalia•‹o regulares.
Letra D Ð Certa. Pela leitura dos trechos destacados acima, verifica-se que
as 3 estratŽgias recomendadas t•m por objetivo desenvolver e integrar
processos estruturais de transfer•ncia de conhecimento para os novatos (the
3 recommended strategies aim at building up and integrating structural
processes of knowledge transfer to newcomers).
Gabarito: D
20
After reading Text I and Text II, one notices both texts imply that
Ap—s a leitura do texto I e texto II, percebe-se que ambos os textos sugerem
que
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o sal‡rio Ž o fator mais importante ao contratar a gera•‹o Y.
(C) only candidates with top grades should be eligible for the jobs.
somente os candidatos com as melhores notas deveriam ser habilitados
para os cargos.
(D) poor recruiting processes end up by maintaining job openings for a longer
time.
os processos de sele•‹o insatisfat—rios acabam mantendo os postos de
trabalho em aberto por um per’odo mais longo.
(E) it may take the company some time and investment on recently recruited
millennials until they unfold their full potential.
pode levar algum tempo e investimento para a empresa com os recŽm-
contratados da gera•‹o Y, atŽ que eles revelem todo o seu potencial.
Coment‡rios:
Letra A Ð Errada. O trecho abaixo (texto I) n‹o afirma que a melhor maneira
de contratar candidatos atravŽs de m’dia social. Ao contr‡rio, o autor diz que
Ž importante fazer uso das m’dias sociais, mas apenas como
complementa•‹o e refor•o dos esfor•os existentes. AlŽm disso, menos de
um ter•o da gera•‹o Y confia nas informa•›es vindas dos canais sociais.
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Utilizar a tecnologia e a m’dia social no processo de
contrata•‹o Ž importante, mas eles devem
complementar e refor•ar os esfor•os j‡ existentes,
em vez de substitu’-los.
Letra C Ð Errada. O trecho abaixo (texto I) menciona que notas n‹o s‹o uma
medida perfeita de qu‹o inteligente Ž alguŽm e n‹o refletem
necessariamente todas as caracter’sticas que tornam uma pessoa bem
sucedida no trabalho. Sendo assim, Ž incorreto afirmar que somente os
candidatos com as melhores notas deveriam ser habilitados para os cargos.
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the job. (...)
Artistas acad•micos fortes nem sempre ser‹o aqueles com
o melhor desempenho no trabalho. O recrutamento de boas
escolas e a avalia•‹o do desempenho acad•mico ser‹o
sempre importantes e todas as empresas querem contratar
pessoas inteligentes. No entanto, notas n‹o s‹o uma
medida perfeita de qu‹o inteligente Ž alguŽm e elas
n‹o refletem necessariamente todas as
caracter’sticas que tornam uma pessoa bem sucedida
no trabalho. (...)
Letra E Ð Certa. Observe que a dica 4 (texto I) afirma que os novatos nem
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sempre estar‹o prontos no primeiro dia de trabalho. No entanto, eles
poder‹o tornar-se funcion‡rios de sucesso, mesmo que n‹o possuam os
conhecimentos e habilidades tŽcnicas no momento da contrata•‹o. Assim,
pode levar algum tempo e investimento para a empresa com os recŽm-
contratados da gera•‹o Y, atŽ que eles revelem todo o seu potencial (it may
take the company some time and investment on recently recruited
millennials until they unfold their full potential).
Gabarito: E
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PROVAS ANTERIORES
îrg‹o: CBTU
Banca: CONSULPLAN
Ano: 2014
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inventory and store management Ð fuelling expansion in major markets including
China, the USA, the UK and France.
So far, sales have more than tripled, making Fast Retailing, with its flagship
brand UNIQLO, the 4th largest private label in the world.
16
UNIQLO sells
A) clothing.
B) flagship.
C) retailers.
D) outsourcing.
17
ACCENTURE will offer its clients
A) advise on business.
B) standardized labels.
D) merchandize supply.
18
In ÒWe are helping UNIQLO grow by 350%.Ó, 350% is read
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Read text to answer 19 and 20.
ORCHESTRA SEATS TO
LES MISERABLES
FOR JUST $45!
After youÕre finished seeing one New York Landmark, come see another Ð LES MISERABLES,
at the Imperial Theatre! Simply bring this flyer to the Imperial Theatre box office, 249 West
45 th Street, or call Tele-Charge (212)947-8844 and mention the code LXSTATE. This special
$45 ticket offer, a savings of $35 per ticket, is good at Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday
evening performances,
19
The ticket for the teather normally costs
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20
ÒLes MisŽrablesÓ is a/an
A) play.
B) office.
C) concert.
D) building.
Banca: FUMARC
Ano: 2016
Read the following text and choose the option which best completes each
question, according to the text:
Think your world view is fixed? Learn another language and youÕll think
differently
Bilinguals get all the advantages. Better job prospects, cognitive improvement,
and even protection against dementia. Now new research shows that they can
also view the world in different ways depending on the language they are
operating in.
In the past fifteen years there has been an overwhelming amount of research on
the bilingual mind, with the majority of the evidence pointing to the tangible
advantages of using more than one language. Going back and forth between
languages appears to be a kind of brain training, pushing your brain to be
flexible.
Just as regular exercise gives your body some biological benefits, mentally
controlling two or more languages gives your brain cognitive benefits. This mental
flexibility pays big dividends especially later in life: the typical signs of cognitive
ageing occur later in bilinguals Ð and the onset of age-related degenerative
disorders such as dementia or AlzheimerÕs are delayed in bilinguals by up to five
years.
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People self-report that they feel like a different person when using their different
languages and that expressing certain emotions carries different emotional
resonance depending on the language they are using.
When judging risk, bilinguals also tend to make more rational, economic decisions
in a second language. In contrast to oneÕs first language, it tends to lack the
deepseated, misleading affective biases that unduly influence how risks and
benefits are perceived. So the language you speak in really can affect the way
you think.
(From: https://goo.gl/GYgpfY. Access: 09/23/2016)
QUESTION 09
QUESTION 10
The modal verb can in Òthey can also view the worldÉÓ (paragraph 1) conveys
the idea of
(A) certainty.
(B) obligation.
(C) permission.
(D) possibility.
QUESTION 11
The use of the adjective overwhelming (paragraph 2) indicates that the amount
of research on the bilingual mind
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(C) has not changed.
QUESTION 12
QUESTION 13
The word so in ÒSo the language you speak in really can affect the way you
think.Ó (paragraph 5) conveys the idea of
(A) cause.
(B) conclusion.
(C) contrast.
(D) finality.
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îrg‹o: Secretaria de Estado de Administra•‹o Pœblica do DF
Banca: IBFC
Ano: 2013
European Union member states could cut their plastic bag use by 80%,
the European commission has said, by charging for bags or even banning
them.
Plastic bags are a major cause of seaborne pollution, which is a serious hazard for
marine life, and some regions have already moved to cut their use through
charging. The UK deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, has pledged to bring forward
charges in England that will affect single-use bags given out by supermarkets.
The packaging industry has responded by saying that most people use their
plastic bags more than once, for instance using them as bins, but that does not
cut the overall use.
When plastic bags, or pieces of them, find their way into the seas, they are a
major hazard to marine life. A whale found dead on the Southern Spanish coast
was found to have swallowed 17kg of plastic waste, including plastic bags. Fish,
seabirds and mammals can all ingest plastic, which they cannot digest and which
can clog up their guts or cause choking.
One of the key problems with plastic bags is that they are so light and small that
they easily escape into the environment, defying attempts to recycle them. The
European commission has identified this as a key reason for cutting the use of the
bags, and other plastic packaging. The first moves to legislate at an EU levei were
made in 2011, and todayÕs announcement is likely to take at least two years to
put into practice.
According to the most recent estimates, from 2008, the EU produces 3.4m tonnes
of plastic bags in a year.
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a) Reusing the plastics bags as bins, a hazard for marine life, and charging for the
use ofthe bags.
b) Charging for the use ofthe bags, recycling them and setting a national
reduction target.
c) Charging for the use of the bags, setting a national reduction target and an
outright ban.
d) An outright ban, setting a national reduction target and reusing the plastics
bags as bins.
a) Perigo.
b) Preocupa•‹o.
c) Dificuldade.
d) Impacto.
a) Present simple.
b) Past simple.
c) Past perfect.
d) Present perfect.
4) Choose the correct part of speech for found in the sentence ÒA whale
found dead on the Southern Spanish coast (...)Ó
a) Noun.
b) Adjective.
c) Verb.
d) Adverb.
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îrg‹o: GasBrasiliano
Banca: IESES
Ano: 2017
a) Has are
b) Have is
c) There is
d) There are
I enjoyed the flight, but the food ______ the plane wasnÕt very nice.
a) at - in - in
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b) on - at - on
c) in - on - in
d) at - in - on
ThereÕs plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ______ decide now.
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îrg‹o: BRDE
Banca: FUNDATEC
Ano: 2015
1 The tube pulls in to a busy station along the London UndergroundÕs Central
Line. It is early evening on a Thursday. A gaggle of commuters assembles inside
and outside the train, waiting for the doors to open. A moment of impatience
grips one man who is nearest to them. He pushes the square, green-rimmed
5 button which says ÒopenÓ. A second later, the doors satisfyingly part. The
crowds mingle, jostling on and off the train, and their journeys continue. Yet
whether or not the traveller knew it, his finger had no effect on the mechanism.
Some would call this a Òplacebo buttonÓÐ a button which, objectively
speaking, provides no control over a system, but which to the user at least is
10 psychologically fulfilling to push. It turns out that there are plentiful examples
of buttons which do nothing and indeed other technologies which are purposefully
designed to deceive us. But hereÕs the really surprising thing. Many increasingly
argue that we actually benefit from the illusion that we are in control of
something Ð even when, from the observerÕs point of view, weÕre not.
15 In 2013, BBC News Magazine discovered that pedestrian crossings all over
the UK were the wellspring of placebo buttons. A crossing in central London had
programmed intervals for red and green lights, for example. Pushing the button
would only impact the length of these intervals between midnight and 7am. ___
several other cities during busy periods, the crossings were programmed to
20 alternate their signals at a specific rate. The buttons did nothing, but a ÒwaitÓ
light would still come on when they were pressed and, yes, people still pressed
them presumably believing that their actions were having an effect.
Certain psychologists would argue that the buttons were indeed having an
effect Ð just not ___ the traffic lights themselves. Instead the effect is in the
25 commuterÕs minds. To understand this you have to go back to the early
1970s. At that time, psychologist Ellen Langer, now a professor ____ Harvard,
was a Yale graduate student. During a five-card draw game of poker she dealt
one set of cards in a haphazard order. ÒEverybody,Ó she says, Ògot crazy. The
cards somehow belonged to the other person even though you couldnÕt see any of
30 them.Ó Langer decided to find out more about the way people regulated the
playing of such games. She went to a casino where, at the slot machines, she
found gamblers with elaborate ways of pulling the lever. At another time a Òhighly
rationalÓ fellow student tried to explain to her why tossing a pair of dice could be
done in a certain way to affect the numbers which came up. ÒPeople believed that
35 all of these behaviours were going to increase the probability of their
winning,Ó she comments.
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In 1975, she wrote a paper where she described the significance of these
beliefs and coined a term for the effect that they had on people: the Òillusion of
controlÓ. However, instead of framing this as an irrational delusion, Langer
40 described the effect as a positive thing. ÒFeeling you have control over your
world is a desirable state,Ó she explains. When it comes to those deceptive traffic
light buttons, Langer says there could be a whole host of reasons why the placebo
effect might be counted as a good thing. ÒDoing something is better than doing
nothing, so people believe,Ó she says. ÒAnd when you go to press the button your
45 attention is on the activity at hand. If IÕm just standing at the corner, I may
not even see the light change, or I might only catch the last part of the change, in
which case I could put myself in danger.Ó
Also, if pedestrians wait together at the crossing and a few press the button
impatiently, that creates a sense of togetherness with strangers which might
50 otherwise be absent. All of these things may be taken as positive impacts on
our mental state, and even socially reinforcing.
ItÕs something to think about next time you cross the street.
QUESTÌO 29 Ð The prepositions that adequately fill in the blanks in lines 18, 24
and 26 are, respectively,
A) In Ð on Ð at
B) In Ð on Ð on
C) In Ð at Ð on
D) At Ð at Ð on
E) At Ð at Ð at
A) Only I.
B) Only II.
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C) Only III.
III. Faixas de pedestre em todo o Reino Unido foram a fonte dos bot›es com
efeito placebo. Which ones are possible?
A) Only I.
B) Only II.
C) Only III.
E) I, II and III.
A) Only I.
B) Only II.
C) Only III.
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QUESTÌO 33 Ð Consider the sentence: ÒIf IÕm just standing at the corner, I may
not even see the light changeÓ (l.45), and the following statements:
III. ÔmayÕ could be replaced by ÔwillÕ without causing any difference in meaning.
A) Only I.
B) Only II.
C) Only III.
E) I, II and III.
QUESTÌO 34 Ð Consider the fragment of the text and the following statements:
II. ÔcommutersÕ designates people who travel some distance to work on a regular
basis.
III. ÔassemblesÕ indicates a crowd that gather together in one place for a common
purpose.
A) Only I.
B) Only II.
C) Only III.
E) I, II and III.
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QUESTÌO 35 Ð In the sentence ÒA crossing in central London had programmed
intervals for red and green lightsÓ (l.14-15), the underlined verbal locution is in
the ________________. If we put it in the present perfect continuous, it would
be written as ______________.
Mark the alternative that correctly and respectively fill in the blanks above.
QUESTÌO 36 Ð Consider the following statements about the text, judging if they
are true (T) or false (F).
( ) Pressing a placebo button does not bring us any benefits, as we cannot control
over a specific system.
( ) Even though it has no control over the system, pressing a button when
crossing the street creates a sense of closeness to people around you.
The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top to the bottom, is:
A) T Ð T Ð F.
B) F Ð F Ð T.
C) F Ð F Ð F.
D) F Ð T Ð F.
E) T Ð F Ð T
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îrg‹o: AMAZUL Ð Amaz™nia Azul Tecnologias de Defesa S.A
Banca: CETRO
Ano: 2015
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In: Report on Low Enriched Uranium for Naval Reactor Cores. Page 1. Report to
Congress, January 2014. Office of Naval Reactors. US Dept. of Energy. DC 2058
http://fissilematerials.org/library/doe14.pdf
16. According to the text, choose the alternative that presents how long can
modern reactor cores stay without refueling.
(A) 26 years.
(B) 13 years.
Choose the alternative that presents the words that would better translate,
respectively, the ones in bold and underlined.
18. Choose the alternative in which the bold and underlined word has the same
grammar function as the one below.
ÒThe NNPP has consistently sought the best way to affordably meet Navy
requirements by evaluating, developing, and delivering a variety of reactor types,
fuel systems, and structural materials.Ó
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(E) For their own safety, the submarines must have all equipments tested.
19. According to the text, the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program Ð NNPP
ÒThe Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NNPP) started in 1948. Since that time,
the NNPP has provided safe and effective propulsion systems to power
submarines, surface combatants, and aircraft carriers. Today, nuclear propulsion
enables virtually undetectable US Navy submarines, including the sea-based leg
of the strategic triad, and provides essentially inexhaustible propulsion power
independent of forward logistical support to both our submarines and aircraft
carriers.Ó
Choose the alternative in which the words can properly substitute the ones in bold
and underlined, respectively.
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(E) much/ little/ no
Cargo: Aluno-Oficial PM
Banca: VUNESP
Ano: 2015
By Emma Woolley
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though many regular police duties are routine in nature, the job
can also be dangerous, as well as physically and emotionally
stressful.
(http://careerbear.com/police-officer/article/what-do-police-officers-do.
Adaptado)
(E) d‹o plant›es muito acima das oito horas normais de trabalho.
57 Among the many tasks, mentioned in the third paragraph, a police officer may
perform in the line of duty, is to Òsecure evidenceÓ. The phrase means, in
Portuguese, the same as
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(A) insinua•‹o.
(B) assalto.
(C) agress‹o.
(D) espancamento.
(E) suspeita.
==0==
(A) obriga•‹o.
(B) possibilidade.
(C) prop—sito.
(D) probabilidade.
(E) desejo.
60 In the last sentence from the text Ð Even though many regular police duties
are routine in natureÉ Ð the phrase in bold expresses a relationship of
(A) addition.
(B) condition.
(C) time.
(D) contrast.
(E) alternative.
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e Prof. Roberto
0
Witte Ð Aula 00
îrg‹o: Secretaria da Fazenda de S‹o Paulo
Banca: FCC
Ano: 2013
ItÕs not nice to tell people ÒI told you so.Ó But if anybody has the right to
say that, itÕs Nina E. Olson, the national taxpayer advocate.
Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. Olson recently submitted her annual
report to Congress and top on her list of things that need to be fixed is the
complexity of the tax code, which she called the most serious problem facing
taxpayers.
LetÕs just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok. The
Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could update
forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes made under the
American Taxpayer Relief Act. The IRS wonÕt start processing individual income
tax returns until Jan. 30. Yet one thing remains unchanged − the April 15 tax
deadline.
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated income-
tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued Dec. 31. Yes,
letÕs just keep making more work for the agency that is already overburdened.
Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised
information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013. And
they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social Security tax
of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll tax cut in effect
for 2011 and 2012.
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum tax that
could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT was created to
target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many deductions that they
owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others have complained for years
that the AMT wasnÕt indexed for inflation.
ÒMany middle-and upper-middle-class taxpayers pay the AMT, while most
wealthy taxpayers do not, and thousands of millionaires pay......A.....income tax
at all,Ó Olson said.
As part of the recent Òfiscal cliffÓ deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move that
the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its systems on the
assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said. Had the agency not
taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update the systems Òwould have
brought about the most chaotic filing season in memory,Ó she said in her report.
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The tax code contains almost 4 million words. Since 2001, there have been
about 4,680 changes, or an average of more than one change a day. What else
troubles Olson? HereÕs what:
− Nearly 60 percent of taxpayers hire paid preparers, and another 30
percent rely on commercial software to prepare their returns. − Many taxpayers
donÕt really know how their taxes are computed and what rate of tax they pay.
− The complex code makes tax fraud.....B.....to detect.
− Because the code is so complicated, it creates an impression that many
taxpayers are not paying their fair share. This reduces trust in the system and
perhaps leads some people to cheat. Who wants to be the sucker in this game?
So someone might not declare all of his income, rationalizing that millionaires get
to use the convoluted code to greatly reduce their tax liability.
− In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But the
agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to reach a
live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average, about 17 minutes to
get through.
ÒI hope 2013 brings about fundamental tax simplification,Ó Olson pleaded
in her report. She urged Congress to reassess the need for the tax breaks we
know as income exclusions, exemptions, deductions and credits. ItÕs all these tax
advantage breaks that complicate the code. If done right, and without reducing
revenue, tax rates could be substantially lowered in exchange for ending tax
breaks, she said.
(A) no.
(B) any.
(C) lots.
(D) some.
(E) little.
(A) legal.
(B) easier.
(C) possible.
(D) unnecessary.
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(E) harder.
(A) sobrecarregada.
(D) subempregada.
(A) as novas leis fiscais n‹o alteraram o valor do imposto de renda retido na
fonte.
(E) o aumento dos valores para o imposto de renda retido na fonte evitou o
"Abismo Fiscal".
(B) como o IRS n‹o previu que o imposto m’nimo alternativo seria fixado, teme-
se que este ano represente o per’odo mais ca—tico da declara•‹o de imposto de
renda.
(C) 60% dos contribuintes dispensam contadores para preencher sua declara•‹o
de rendimentos.
(E) todo contribuinte pode resolver suas quest›es por telefone em no m‡ximo 17
minutos.
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Facebook Announces Its Third Pillar ÒGraph SearchÓ That Gives You
Answers, Not Links Like Google DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE,
COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID LUNDEN
Tuesday, January 15th, 2013
(A) antecipadamente.
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(C) mais esperado.
(E) ambiciosamente.
(D) By contrast.
(A) as diferen•as entre uma busca na web e pelo Graph Search n‹o s‹o t‹o
gritantes quanto Zuckerberg faz supor.
(B) uma busca na web pode retornar respostas melhores do que o Graph Search.
(C) uma busca na web, para ser eficaz, precisa ser formulada como uma quest‹o
pontual.
(A) ao fazer uma busca por Òamigos que gostam de Star Wars e Harry Potter", no
Graph Search, Stocky obteve apenas um œnico resultado.
(B) duas buscas iguais, no Graph Search, por pessoas diferentes podem retornar
respostas totalmente diferentes.
(D) Stocky est‡ tentando recrutar mais pessoas para refor•ar o time do
Facebook.
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(E) uma busca por fotos, no Graph Search, traz uma colet‰nea indiscriminada de
fotografias.
(D) How many of StockyÕs friends like Star Wars and Harry Potter?
Banca: FCC
Ano: 2014
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rate. In other words, if you earned more in 2012 than you did in 2011 and thus
moved into a higher tax bracket, only the money that falls within that higher tax
bracket is taxed at the higher rate. So, for example, if you move from the 25
percent tax bracket to the 28 percent tax bracket, you may make the mistake of
believing that all of your income is now taxed at that higher rate. However, only
the money that you earn within the 28 percent bracket is taxed at that rate.
The structure of federal income tax brackets was first implemented by the IRS in
the early 1900s in an attempt to create a progressive tax system that would
demand less from lower-income individuals. This system, plus a series of tax
credits and tax deductions, have allowed nearly half of Americans to avoid owing
federal income tax altogether [Source: The Tax Foundation].
Federal Filing Statuses
Your filing status determines your filing requirements (whether or not you are
required to file a tax return and which return to file), your standard deduction
amount, your eligibility for certain tax credits and tax deductions, and your
income tax. There are five federal filing statuses based on marital status and
other conditions: single, married filing separately, married filing jointly, head of
household, and qualifying widow(er) with dependent child. When you fill out your
federal income tax return, you must specify what your filing status is on the tax
form. Review each filing status carefully and choose the one that best fits your
situation. If you qualify for more than one filing status, you are allowed to choose
the one that offers you the.....ADJECTIVE.....tax.
21. According to the context, the MODAL that adequately fills the blank is
(A) can.
(B) must.
(C) might.
(D) could.
(E) may.
22. According to the context, the ADJECTIVE that adequately fills the blank is
(A) lowest.
(B) smallest.
(C) highest.
(D) tallest.
(E) most.
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(A) make.
(B) win.
(C) award.
(D) gain.
(E) rise.
(D) o estado civil do contribuinte Ž um dos fatores que determina o valor do seu
imposto de renda.
These are the tax rates for the 2012 tax year, if your filing status is ÒsingleÓ.
Single
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If your
Éof the
taxable Ébut not Your tax
amount Plus
income is over isÉ
over
overÉ
$0 $8,700 10% $0 Ñ
$8,700 $35,350 15% $8,700 $870.00
$35,350 $85,650 25% $35,350 (?)
$85,650 $178,650 28% $85,650 $17,442.50
$178,650 $388,350 33% $178,650 $43,482.50
$388,350 Ñ 35% $388,350 $112,683.50
(A) $2,665.00.
(B) $3,997.50.
(C) $5,302.50.
(D) $4,867.50.
(E) $8,837.50.
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which strikes
me as completely insane on pretty much every level. You may remember the
story from a few months back: The greatest soccer player in the world and his
father were accused of setting up a bunch of shell companies in Belize and
Uruguay to avoid paying taxes on royalties and other licensing income.
Messi − who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from sponsors −
reached a settlement with SpainÕs tax authorities earlier this summer, agreeing to
pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest. The matter was settled, or so
it seemed. Messi could go back to dazzling the world with his athleticism and
creativity.
Only it turns out that Spain wasnÕt quite done with Messi. His adopted country −
Messi is Argentine but became a Spanish citizen in 2005 − is now considering
pressing criminal charges against him.
Cracking down on tax-evading footballers has become something of a trend in
Europe, where players and clubs have been known to launder money through
Òimage-rights companiesÓ often set up in tax havens. When you need money −
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and Europe needs money − go to the people who have it, or something like that.
Over the summer, dozens of Italian soccer clubs were raided as part of an
investigation into a tax-fraud conspiracy. A number of English Premier League
clubs were forced last year to pay millions of pounds in back taxes. No one likes a
tax cheat, and thereÕs little doubt that widespread tax fraud has helped eat away
at the social safety net in Spain and elsewhere, depriving schools, hospitals and
other institutions of badly needed funds. But Europe is not going to find the
answers to its financial problems in the pockets of some professional soccer
players and clubs.
MessiÕs defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. ÒHe is a
footballer and thatÕs it,Ó MessiÕs father Jorge said of his soccer-prodigy son. ÒIf
there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He created the company. My
mistake was to have trusted the adviser.Ó Even if Messi is legally responsible for
the intricate tax dodge he is accused of having participated in, itÕs pretty hard to
believe that he knew much about it.
More to the point, Lionel Messi is probably SpainÕs most valuable global asset.
What could possibly motivate the Spanish government to want to tarnish his
reputation, especially after heÕs paid off his alleged debt? After four years of
Great-Depression level unemployment, have anxiety and despair curdled into
vindictiveness?
HereÕs another explanation: Maybe this whole case has less to do with money
than it does with history. Maybe itÕs no coincidence that the target of the Spanish
governmentÕs weird wrath happens to play for FC Barcelona, which is, after all,
"mes que un club." It's a symbol of Catalan nationalism − and a bitter, longtime
rival of SpainÕs establishment team, Real Madrid. Too conspiratorial? Prove it,
Spain. Release Cristiano RonaldoÕs tax return.
(A) closely.
(B) evenly.
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(C) much.
(D) almost.
(E) not.
(B) o pai de Messi assumiu a culpa pela sonega•‹o de que era acusado o filho.
(D) Messi fez um acordo com a Espanha e pagou os impostos devidos, mas sem
juros.
(E) v‡rios clubes ingleses foram obrigados a pagar impostos atrasados no ano
passado.
(C) acredita que uma ampla investiga•‹o dos clubes e jogadores de futebol pode
recuperar elevadas quantias de impostos sonegados.
(D) acredita que boa parte da crise financeira da Europa se deve ˆ sonega•‹o
fiscal de v‡rios clubes e jogadores de futebol.
(E) n‹o acredita na vers‹o apresentada pelo pai de Messi em rela•‹o ˆ sonega•‹o
de que o filho Ž acusado.
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îrg‹o: Banco do Brasil
Cargo: Escritur‡rio
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2015
by Holly Johnson
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payments for years, and even decades.
66
The main purpose of the text is to
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(E) demonstrate the millennialsÕ need of credit card use to build a credit
history.
67
In the sentence of the text Òthe Great Recession caused millennials to stray
from historic patterns when it comes to purchasing a home and having
childrenÓ (lines 11 Ð 13), the word stray can be replaced, with no change in
meaning, by
(A) stem
(B) start
(C) range
(D) follow
(E) deviate
68
The word skittish, in the sentence of the text ÒWith those figures, itÕs no
wonder that millennials are skittish when it comes to credit cardsÓ (lines 21 Ð
23), can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) uncertain
(B) enthusiastic
(C) depressed
(D) determined
(E) secure
69
The sentence of the text ÒWith so much debt already under their belts,
millennials are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pileÓ (lines 34
Ð 36) conveys the idea that millenials have
(A) piles of bills to pay every month, but they can use their credit cards
moderately.
(B) so many bills to pay that credit card bills wouldnÕt make much difference.
(C) so many bills to pay that they have to sell their belongings.
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(D) so much debt to pay that they canÕt afford another one.
70
In the sentence of the text ÒStill, there are plenty of ways millennials can build
a credit history without a credit cardÓ (lines 52 Ð 53), the quantifier plenty of
can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) some
(B) few
(C) a few
(D) a little
(E) lots of
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2016
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comes down to the relationship between oil and gas production
and the price of electricity, which directly affects the bottom line
of technologies like wind and solar.
15 In 1973, the year the Arab Oil Embargo caused a steep
rise in oil prices, the United States produced 17 percent of its
electricity using petroleum. When the oil price increased, the
price of electricity increased too. This increase in price prompted
greater interest in domestic sources of electricity, like coal,
20 nuclear, and renewable energy.
Due in part to the turn away from oil in the 70s, today the
United States produces just 0.7 percent of its electricity using
petroleum. Therefore, the price of oil has no direct impact on
the price of electricity. Most electricity comes from coal (39
25 percent) and natural gas (27 percent), with the remainder
coming from nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, and other renewables.
The fuel with the most direct impact on the price of electricity is
natural gas, because natural gas generation often sets the price
of electricity in the market. To gauge how low oil prices might
30 affect the price of electricity, itÕs really important to think
about how they might affect the price of natural gas.
Although oil and natural gas prices have decoupled in
recent years, there is still an indirect link between the price of
oil and the price of natural gas, because both oil and natural gas
35 are often produced from the same well. While most U.S.
natural gas is produced from wells drilled for the express
purpose of extracting gas, a portion comes from wells that are
drilled to extract oil, but produce natural gas as a byproduct.
This Òassociated gasÓ or Òcasinghead gasÓ is often flared in
40 regions like the Bakken in North Dakota, which has limited
pipeline infrastructure. However, in regions like TexasÕs Eagle
Ford and Permian Basin, this gas is often injected into the
existing pipeline network. Because drillers are really after the
more-valuable oil, associated natural gas is often simply
45 dumped into the pipelines at little or no cost Ñ depressing
the overall price of natural gas.
The Railroad Commission of Texas, which regulates the oil
and gas industry, collects separate data on natural gas produced
from gas wells and natural gas produced as a byproduct from oil
50 wells. These data show that, while overall Texas natural gas
production has increased since 2008, the amount of gas
produced from purpose-drilled gas wells has actually declined.
On the other hand, natural gas associated with oil production
has increased markedly since 2008.
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16
The main objective of the text is to
(A) argue that the prices of oil are currently excessively low.
(B) introduce the idea that the low prices of oil can be positive for electricity and
renewables.
(C) defend the position of those who see no connection between the prices of oil
and the electric market.
(D) discuss the position of the Reagan government in relation to oil prices in the
80s.
(E) attack those who believe that the prices of oil should increase.
17
In the fragment of the text ÒThankfully, this time around, the outlook for
renewable energy isnÕt so bleakÓ (lines 11-12), the word bleak can be replaced,
with no change in meaning, by
(A) encouraging
(B) cheerful
(C) optimistic
(D) desolate
(E) promising
18
In the fragment of the text ÒIt all comes down to the relationship between oil and
gas production and the price of electricity, which directly affects the bottom line
of technologies like wind and solarÓ (lines 14-17), the pronoun which refers to
(C) electricity
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19
In the fragment of the text ÒDue in part to the turn away from oil in the 70s,
today the United States produces just 0.7 percent of its electricity using
petroleum. Therefore, the price of oil has no direct impact on the price of
electricityÓ (lines 25-28), the linking word therefore introduces the idea of
(A) conclusion
(B) addition
(C) cause
(D) condition
(E) opposition
20
From the fragment of the text ÒAlthough oil and natural gas prices have
decoupled in recent years, there is still an indirect link between the price of oil
and the price of natural gas, because both oil and natural gas are often produced
from the same wellÓ (lines 38-42), it can be inferred that
(A) oil and natural gas are seldom extracted from the same wells.
(B) oil and natural gas produced from the same well have their prices often
determined by government decisions.
(C) oil and natural gas extracted from the same wells bring as an effect an
indirect link between their prices.
(D) oil and natural gas prices have been increasingly independent in recent years
because they are often produced from the same well.
(E) oil and natural gas prices have been increasingly dependent in recent years
because they are often produced from the same well.
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îrg‹o: Ag•ncia Nacional do Petr—leo, G‡s Natural e Biocombust’veis -
ANP
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2016
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border and Steele City, Neb., needed State Department
35 approval because it crossed an international border.
Other parts of TransCanadaÕs Keystone Project between
central Nebraska and Texas have already been built and are
carrying tar sands oil to refineries along the Gulf Coast today.
Environmental advocates have rallied against the unbuilt portion
40 and urged the Obama administration to reject it, saying
emissions from the production and burning of tar sands oil it
would carry could worsen climate change.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculated that
the tar sands oil the pipeline would carry is highly damaging to
45 the climate, emitting about 1.3 billion more tons of
greenhouse emissions over the pipelineÕs 50-year lifespan than
if it were carrying conventional crude oil. The production of tar
sands oil releases 17 percent more CO2 into the atmosphere
than the average barrel of crude oil produced elsewhere,
50 according to the State Department.
ÒConstruction of the Keystone XL pipeline would be
inconsistent with stabilizing global warming below dangerous
levels,Ó Penn State University climate scientist Michael Mann
said. ÒI am pleased that the administration has made good on
55 their promise to take seriously the task of acting on climate
by rejecting the construction of the pipeline.Ó
16
The main objective of the text is to
(C) present the reasons why the American government is against the construction
of Keystone XL Pipeline through the American territory.
(D) highlitgh the benefits of the Keystone XL Pipeline to the American economy.
(E) stress the benefits of the Keystone XL Pipeline to the Canadian economy.
17
From the fragment ÒObama said America is a global leader on taking action on
climate change, and approving Keystone XL would have undercut that leadershipÓ
(lines 8-10), one can infer that
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(A) the United States is not concerned with the impact of the pipeline on climate
change.
(B) the United States is trying to achieve leadership on taking action on climate
change.
(D) the American government sees no relation between the construction of the
Keystone XL and climate change.
(E) the approval of the Keystone XL would contradict American concerns with
climate change.
18
In the fragment of the text ÒAmong the reasons for rejecting Keystone XL, Obama
said the pipeline would not make a meaningful long-term contribution to the U.S.
economy, nor would it increase U.S. energy security or help to lower gas prices,
which have already declined dramatically over the last yearÓ (lines 14-19), the
pronoun which refers to
(C) pipeline
19
In the fragment of the text Ònor would it increase U.S. energy security or help to
lower gas prices, which have already declined dramatically over the last yearÓ
(lines 16-19), the adverb dramatically can be replaced, with no change in
meaning, by
(A) theatrically
(B) greatly
(C) trivially
(D) lightly
(E) discreetly
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20
After reading the 10th paragraph of the text (lines 48-56), one can infer that
(A) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50
years if it carried tar sands oil.
(B) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50
years if it carried conventional crude oil.
(C) the pipeline would release the same volume of greenhouse emissions in 50
years no matter what kind of oil it carried.
(D) greenhouse emissions would be increased in about 1.3 billion tons in 50 years
if the pipeline carried tar sands oil.
(E) greenhouse emissions would be increased in about 1.3 billion tons in 50 years
if the pipeline carried conventional crude oil.
îrg‹o: Petrobr‡s
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Ano: 2015
Text I
Good oil and gas talent is in short supply. Combine the so-called
ÒBig Shift ChangeÓ with the reduced number of students
applying for and completing STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) courses in college, and there is a
5 serious concern about where the next generation of industry
talent will come from.
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changing their hiring strategies to find candidates with the
potential to learn and develop those skills and knowledge, many
companies continue to waste money on ineffective and poorly
targeted recruitment programs. As a result, these companies
15 are forced to replace a growing percentage of their graduate
hires within the first year.
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than by salary. Incidentally, other generations are interested in
these things too, and showing a commitment to developing
employees will help retain existing employees as well as attract
new ones.
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2014/10/millennials-the-next-generation-of-oil-and-gas-talent.html>.
Retrieved on: Apr. 30th, 2015. Adapted.
11
The main purpose of Text I is to
(C) present some advice on how to identify young talents for the oil and gas
industry.
(D) defend the idea that millennials are not prepared for the oil and gas market
demands.
(E) deconstruct the myth that millennials are looking to stay in a company for a
short time.
12
In the fragment of Text I ÒCEB research shows that five-in-six hiring managers
believe their new graduate hires present a lack of the skills and knowledge they
consider necessaryÓ (lines 9-12), the word lack can be replaced, without change
in meaning, by
(A) profusion
(B) shortage
(C) abundance
(D) increase
(E) sufficiency
13
In the fragment of Text I ÒWeÕve identified several tips for companies that want to
see greater return on investment for millennial recruitmentÓ (lines 23-25), the
verb form in bold indicates that the
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(D) results of the identification of the tips are importante now.
(E) results of the identification of the tips were considered important in the past.
14
Based on the fragment of Text I ÒUsing objective assessments to measure
employability Ð a comprehensive evaluation of hard and soft skills and overall
potential Ð improves the odds of finding the right hires for the businessÓ (lines
40-43), one infers that objective assessments
(D) are an ineffective method of finding the right hires if compared to academic
performance.
15
In the fragment of Text I ÒNonetheless, less than a third actually trust the
information they receive through social channelsÓ (lines 47-49), the word
nonetheless conveys an idea of
(A) addition
(B) conclusion
(C) explanation
(D) exemplification
(E) opposition
16
Based on the 7th paragraph of Text I (lines 67-80), it is implicit the author
believes that
(A) new employees should be ready to work from the moment they are hired.
(B) new employees should have their skills developed for their future in the
company.
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(C) technical knowledge is the most important aspect to be taken into
consideration when hiring someone.
(D) the ability to work with others should not be considered an important issue
when hiring someone.
(E) candidatesÕ capacity to learn is the only issue that should be taken into
consideration when hiring someone.
17
In the 8th paragraph of Text I (lines 81-94), the word vacancies is used three
times. To avoid one more repetition, the author chose as synonym for vacancies
the word
Text II
The global oil market will undergo sweeping changes over the
next five years. A manager at an oil and gas company recently
remarked that there are only two kinds of people working in the
sector: those who already feel the impact of the Big Shift
5 Change and those who are going to. He knew what he was
talking about.
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and managers will face major challenges in maintaining safety,
compliance and operational efficiency.
Here are 3 strategies that can help ensure that your company is
20 ready to cope with the Big Shift Change.
Availabe at:
<http://www.informationmapping.com/en/resources/blog/entry/3-must-
have-strategies-for-the-oil-and-gas-sector-s-big-shift-change>.Retrieved on:
Apr. 20th, 2015. Adapted.
18
According to Text II, the expression Big Shift Change in its title is primarily
related to the idea that the companies
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industrial activities.
(E) lack financial resources to hire the number of employees they will need for
their operations.
19
From the fragment in Text II ÒHere are 3 strategies that can help ensure that
your company is ready to cope with the Big Shift ChangeÓ (lines 24-25), one
concludes that the 3 recommended strategies aim at
(B) training young employees to carry on their tasks with the least possible
support.
(C) adapting to the companiesÕ likely failure in the way they carry on their
businesses.
20
After reading Text I and Text II, one notices both texts imply that
(C) only candidates with top grades should be eligible for the jobs.
(D) poor recruiting processes end up by maintaining job openings for a longer
time.
(E) it may take the company some time and investment on recently recruited
millennials until they unfold their full potential.
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GABARITO
SEAP-DF (2013)
QUESTÌO GABARITO
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
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34. E
35. B
36. B
AMAZUL (2015)
QUESTÌO GABARITO
16. C
17. A
18. A
19. E
20. D
PM-SP (2015)
QUESTÌO GABARITO
55. D
56. B
57. E
58. C
59. A
60. D
ICMS/SP (2013)
QUESTÌO GABARITO
61. A
62. E
63. A
64. C
65. A
66. D
67. C
68. E
69. B
70. B
ICMS/RJ (2014)
QUESTÌO GABARITO
21. B
22. A
23. A
24. E
25. D
26. D
27. B
28. C
29. E
30. B
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