Apostila de Inglês

INGLÊS
4ª Edição – 2017
Curso Preparatório Cidade - SCLN 113 Bloco C - Salas 207/210 Tel.: 3340-0433 / 9975-4464 / 8175-4509 - www.cursocidade.com.br / cursocidade@gmail.com
EQ U I P E Equipe de Professores
Diretor Geral Professores dos Idiomas

Luiz Alberto Tinoco Cidade Luiz Cidade – Espanhol
Maristella Mattos Silva – Espanhol (EAD)
Diretora Executiva Monike Cidade – Espanhol (EAD)
Clara Marisa May Genildo da Silva – Espanhol
Leonardo dos Santos – Espanhol
Diretor de Artes Diego Fernandes – Espanhol
Fabiano Rangel Cidade Rita de Cássia de Deus Vindo - Inglês
Márcia Mattos da Silva – Francês (EAD)
Coordenação Geral dos Cursos Preparatórios Marcos Henrique – Francês
Profº Luiz Alberto Tinoco Cidade
Professores dos Concursos
Coordenação dos Cursos de Idiomas EAD Drº Adriano Andrade – Geografia do Brasil
Profº Dr. Daniel Soares Filho Gibrailto Soares - Geografia do Brasil (EAD)
Drº Daniel Soares Filho – Espanhol (EAD)
Secretaria Drª Simone Tostes – Inglês (EAD)
Evelin Drunoski Mache Edson Antonio S. Gomes – Administração de Empresas
Tomé de Souza – Administração de Empresas (EAD)
Suporte Sormany Fernandes – História do Brasil
Laura Maciel Cruz Djalma Augusto – História do Brasil
Jefferson de Araújo André Luís Gonçalves – História
Geraldo Luís da Silva Júnior Felício Mourão Freire – História Geral (EAD)
Albert Iglésias – Língua Portuguesa e Literatura
Editoração Gráfica Valber Freitas Santos – Gramática, Redação e Literatura (EAD)
Edilva de Lima do Nascimento Alexandre Santos de Oliveira – Direito
Lúcio dos Santos Ferreira – Direito
Fonoaudióloga e Psicopedagoga Emerson Marques Lima – Direito
Mariana Ramos – CRFa 12482-RJ/T-DF Ms Edson da Costa Rodrigues – Ciências Contábeis
Genilson Vaz Silva Sousa – Ciências Contábeis
Assessoria Jurídica Paulo Augusto Moreira – Ciências Contábeis
Luiza May Schmitz – OAB/DF – 24.164 Anderson Silva de Aguiar – Ciências Contábeis
Jorge Basílio – Matemática Financeira
Assessoria de Línguas Estrangeiras Ricardo Sant'Ana – Informática
Cleide Thieves (Poliglota-EEUU) Cláudio Lobo – Informática
João Jorge Gonçalves (Poliglota-Europa) Eliel Martins – Informática
Cintia Lobo César – Enfermagem
Elaine Moretto – Enfermagem (EAD)
Conteúdo
UNIDADE I - IDENTIFICANDO ................................................................................................ 5
UNIDADE II - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO ............................... 11
UNIDADE III - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO .............................. 18
UNIDADE IV - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS ............................................................... 22
UNIDADE V - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS ................................................................ 26
UNIDADE VI - PERGUNTANDO SOBRE HÁBITOS ................................................................. 29
UNIDADE VII - APROFUNDANDO PRÉ-CONHECIMENTO ...................................................... 36
UNIDADE VIII - CARACTERIZANDO E COMPARANDO .......................................................... 39
UNIDADE IX - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES EM ANDAMENTO ...................................................... 50
UNIDADE X - FALANDO SOBRE ONTEM .............................................................................. 52
SIMPLE PAST TENSE ............................................................................................................. 52
UNIDADE XI - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS ............................................................... 54
UNIDADE XII - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS.............................................................. 57
UNIDADE XIII - FALANDO SOBRE O FUTURO ........................................................................ 59
UNIDADE XIV - FALANDO SOBRE O FUTURO ........................................................................ 63
UNIDADE XV - INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO ........................................................................... 66
UNIDADE XVI - NOTAS IMPORTANTES ................................................................................. 67
GABARITOS .......................................................................................................................... 77
2. VERB TO BE (SER ou ESTAR)
UNIDADE I - IDENTIFICANDO
SUJEITO VERBO
1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS (PRONOMES PESSOAIS) I Am
YOU Are
Os pronomes pessoais, também conhecidos como pronomes-sujeito (subject pronouns) são
aqueles que se referem a uma pessoa do discurso em posição pré-verbal, de sujeito. HE Is
SHE Is
I Eu
IT Is
YOU tu, você
WE Are
HE Ele
YOU Are
SHE Ela
THEY Are
IT ele ou ela (para coisas ou animais)
WE nós
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
YOU vós, vocês
I am I am not Am I ?
THEY eles ou elas
You are You are not Are you ?
CURSO CI DADE - EsFC Ex
Singular: He is He is not Is he ?
I (refere-se à 1ª Pessoa) She is She is not Is she ?
YOU (refere-se à 2ª Pessoa) It is It is not Is it?

We are We are not Are we ?
Para a 3ª. Pessoa do singular, há 3 pronomes em inglês. You are You are not Are you ?
HE – masculino They are They are not Are they?
SHE – feminino
IT – neutro AFIRMATIVA AFIRMATIVA CONTRATA
I am I‟m
Plural:
You are You‟re
WE (refere-se à 1ª Pessoa)
He is He‟s
YOU (refere-se à 2ª Pessoa)
She is She‟s
THEY (refere-se a 3ª Pessoa)
It is It‟s
Exemplos: He is a good student. (Ele é um bom aluno.);we study hard. (Nós estudamos muito.)
They are from Australia. [Eles (ou elas) são da Austrália. We are We‟re
You are You‟re
They are They‟re
NEGATIVA NEGATIVA CONTRATA NEGATIVA CONTRATA We are
I am not I‟m not I‟m not
You are not You‟re not You aren‟t
She is
He is not He‟s not He isn‟t
She is not She‟s not She isn‟t
It is not It‟s not It isn‟t I am
We are not We‟re not We aren‟t
You are not You‟re not You aren‟t
It is
They are not They‟re not They aren‟t
3. INDEFINITE ARTICLE A / AN (ARTIGO INDEFINIDO) Fred is
O artigo indefinido em inglês existe somente no singular. Há duas formas: A e AN.

A – é usado antes de palavras que começam com consoantes e semi-vogais.
He is – He is not
AN – é usado antes de palavras que começam com vogal ou h mudo (não-aspirado).
They are
a teacher a house
an engineer an honest man We are
a captain an hour
an officer a university
You are
Exemplos: he is a teacher. It is a good university.
She is
LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Complete. Follow the model:

It is
You are - Are You ?
He is
Bob is
They are
Mary is
6 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

I am You are not
Paul and Jane are You are
2) Complete as colunas em branco usando as formas negativa e interrogativa do verbo to be: She is not
A N I
I am I am not
You are
He is
They are not
She is
It is
We are She is
You are
They are
He is not
3) Use a forma contrata:

You are not
He is
We are It is not
It is not We are not
I am 4) Follow the model:
He‟s a student – Is he a student ?

They are not
She‟s an engineer
[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 7

They‟re teachers 5) Complete as frases com o artigo indefinido:
I‟m _______________ teacher.
You‟re typist You‟re _____________ captain.

He‟s ______________ sergeant.
She‟s ______________ typist.
I‟m an architect You‟re _____________ officer.
He‟s _______________ engineer.
She‟s ______________architect.
You‟re an officer
He‟s _______________ civilian.
He‟s a civilian 6) Complete com o verbo to be:
I __________
I‟m a captain – I‟m not a captain. You _______
He‟s an architect. He ________
She _______
It _________
You‟re teachers.
We ________
You _______
They _______
We‟re officers.
4. PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS
They‟re sergeants.
Singular:
THIS – refere-se a uma coisa que está perto do locutor
You‟re a civilian. THAT – refere-se a uma coisa que está longe do locutor
Ex.: This is a book.

I‟m a typist.
That is a book.
She‟s a teacher. Plural:

THESE – refere-se a coisas que estão perto do locutor.
THOSE – refere-se a coisas que estão longe do locutor.

Ex.: These are books. How are you? – Como vai você?
Those are books. Fine, thanks. And you? - Bem, obrigado. E você?
Good bye – Até logo
Obs.: O artigo indefinido A/AN não existe no plural. Good morning – Bom dia
Good afternoon – Boa tarde
5. PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS Good evening – Boa noite (ao chegar)
Good night – Boa noite (ao sair)
What – usado para perguntar “O quê?” Hi – Oi
Ex.: What is this? So long – Até logo.
Where – usado paraperguntar “Onde?”
Para perguntar sobre a origem usamos o interrogativo WHERE e a preposição FROM, que indica LET‟S PRATICE:
procedência.
Ex.: Where are you from? I‟m from Brazil. 1) Follow the model:
How old – usado para perguntar a idade How are you, Mary? Fine, thanks. And you?
Ex.: How old are you? I‟m 37 years old. How are you, Fred?
6. SOME CARDINAL NUMBERS:

How are you, Bob?
1 ONE 11 ELEVEN 21 TWENTY-ONE

2 TWO 12 TWELVE 22 TWENTY-TWO How are you, Katherine?
3 THREE 13 THIRTEEN 23 TWENTY-THREE
4 FOUR 14 FOURTEEN 24 TWENTY-FOUR
How are you, Jennifer?
5 FIVE 15 FIFTEEN 25 TWENTY-FIVE
6 SIX 16 SIXTEEN 26 TWENTY-SIX
7 SEVEN 17 SEVENTEEN 27 TWENTY-SEVEN
2) Complete the dialogue:
8 EIGHT 18 EIGHTEEN 28 TWENTY-EIGHT
9 NINE 19 NINETEEN 29 TWENTY-NINE Good morning, Bob. ______________
10 TEN 20 TWENTY 30 THIRTY How are you? _____________________
I‟m fine. ________________________
7. EXPRESSÕES USUAIS DE CUMPRIMENTO: Good Bye. _______________________
Hello - Alô, olá

3) Follow the model: (David and Christopher)
What is this? (a book) – This is a book.

What is that? (a record) (I)
What is this? (a tape) (you)
What is that? (a window)

How old are you?(23)
I‟m 23 years old
What is this? (a pen)

How old is Bob? (37)
What is that? (a door) How old is Paul? (22)
What is this? (a pencil) How old am I ? (30)
What is that? (a chair) How old is Captain Brown ? (38)
What is this? (a table) How old is Jane ? (25)
How old are Jim and Fred? (10)

(Pierre) Where is Pierre from?
(Jennifer)
How old are you ? (12)
(We)
4) Answer the questions:
Where are you from?

What is your name? UNIDADE II - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E
QUANTIFICANDO
What is this? (book)
1. PLURAL OF NOUNS (O plural dos substantivos)
What is that? (flower) a. Forma-se o plural da maioria das palavras, acrescentando-se “S” à forma singular.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Where are Christopher and Christine from? (Brazil) Book Books
Tape Tapes
Student Students
How old are you ?
Pilot Pilots
Mechanic Mechanics
Pencil Pencils
Pen Pens
Recorder Recorders
Chair Chairs
Table Tables
Teacher Teachers
Barber Barbers
b. As palavras que terminam com SS, S, SH, CH, X, Z e O, acrescentamos ES.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Class Classes
Bus Buses
Brush Brushes
Watch Watches
Box Boxes
Buzz Buzzes
Potato Potatoes

OUTRAS REGRAS: d. Há formas de plural que são irregulares. Vejamos alguns exemplos:
- Palavras de origem grega que terminam em chpronunciado com o som de k, acrescenta-se
apenas S. SINGULAR PLURAL
Man Men
SINGULAR PLURAL
Woman Women
Monarch Monarchs
Child Children
Epoch Epochs
Foot Feet
Patriarch Patriarchs
Person People
Matriarch Matriachs
Half Halves
Loaf Loaves
- Substantivos terminados em o, porém, que são formas reduzidas e vocábulos de origem
estrangeira, acrescenta-se apenas S. Thief Thieves
Life Lives
SINGULAR PLURAL
Knife Knives
Photo Photos
Ox Oxen
Piano Pianos
Goose Geese
Studio Studios
Tooth Teeth
Mouse Mice
c. Forma-se o plural das palavras que terminam em Y precedido de CONSOANTE, tirando
Louse Lice
Y e acrescentando IES.
Die Dice
SINGULAR PLURAL
Lady Ladies
OBSERVAÇÕES:
City Cities a) Há palavras em inglês que só existem no plural:
Study Studies
Scissors (tesoura)
Outskirts (arredores)
Palavras que terminam em Y precedido de VOGAL, acrescenta-se apenas S.
Surroundings (arredores)
SINGULAR PLURAL Belongings (pertences)
Boy Boys Pants / Trousers (calças)

My scissors are on the table.
Day Days
John‟s pants are dirty.
Toy Toys
Por outro lado, existem substantivos no singular que se referem a um grupo de pessoas, um

coletivo. Esses substantivos, em inglês, fazem a concordância verbal no plural. Series (série, séries)
Police (polícia) – The police are looking for the robbers. (A polícia está procurando os ladrões.)
There is one fish in the aquarium. (Há um peixe no aquário.) There are three fish in the aquarium
Além de “police”, no inglês britânico, são usados com o verbo no plural: manegement This is a rare species. (Esta é uma espécie rara.) These are rare species. (Estas são species
(administração, diretoria), Government (governo, no sentido de governantes), Assembly raras.)
(assembleia).
e) Há substantivos, no inglês, que só existem no singular (a concordância verbal é sempre feita

no singular).
b) Há substantivos que terminam em “S”, mas são falsos plurais, ficando o verbo no
singular. Information (informação, informações)
Equipment (equipamento, equipamentos)
Mathematics (matemática), Genetics (genética), Physics (física), Politics (política), Electronics
(eletrônica), News (notícia, notícias), Acoustics (acústica). Advice (conselho)
Money (dinheiro)
c) Existem substantivos que, no plural, podem ter outro sentido totalmente diferente. Jewelry (joias)
Air (ar)
Custom (coustume) - Customs (alfândega)
Snow (neve)
Glass (copo, vidro) - Glasses (óculos)
Music (música)
Evidence (evidência, provas)
There is a glass on the table.
Homework (trabalho de casa, escolar)
My glasses are on the table.
Furniture (mobília)
Existem dois adjetivos que, acrescidos de s, passam a ser substantivos, tendo outro sentido.
Clothing (roupa, roupas)
Good (bom) - Goods (mercadorias, bens)
Weather (tempo)
New (novo) – News (notícia, notícias)
Knowledge (conhecimento)
Luggage / baggage (bagagem)
d) Algumas palavras têm a mesma forma para o singular e o plural:
Fish (peixe , peixes)

f) Os substantivos terminados em “F” ou “FE”, geralmente, fazem o plural em VES.
Sheep (ovelha, ovelhas)
Deer (veado, veados) Life – lives
Trout (truta, trutas) Shelf – shelves
Shrimp (camarão, camarões) Wolf – wolves
Aircraft (aeronave, aeronaves) Half – halves
Means (recurso, recursos) Thief – thieves
Species (espécie, espécies) Wife – wives

São formas que demonstram a existência ou presença de coisas ou pessoas.
g) Cerca de 15 palavras terminadas em f, ff ou fe, no plural, recebem apenas S. Dentre elas,
vale a pena gravar: Correspondem em português ao uso impessoal do verbo HAVER, no presente.
THERE IS é usado para indicar singular
Belief – beliefs (crença)
THERE ARE é usado para indicar plural.
Brief – briefs (sumário, resumo)
Chief – chiefs (chefe, cacique)
Ex.: There is one teacher in the classroom.
Cliff - cliffs (despenhadeiro)
There are eight teachers in the classroom.
Cuff – cuffs (punho de camisa)
Grief – griefs (dor, sofrimento)
As formas interrogativa e negativa são feitas do mesmo modo que as do verbo TO BE.
Handkerchief – handkerchiefs (lenço)
Afirmativa – There is a book on the table.
Proof – proofs (prova)
Interrogativa – Is there a book on the table ?
Safe – safes – (cofre)
Negativa – There is not a book on the table. (There isn‟t a book on the table.)
Usamos o pronome interrogativo HOW MANY para perguntar sobre a quantidade. (Quantos ou
h) Há palavras que admitem duplo plural:
Quantas)
Ex.: How many students are there in the classroom?
dwarf – dwarfs – dwarves (anão)
There are twenty students in the classroom.
hoof – hoofs – hooves (casco de animal)
roof – roofs – rooves (telhado)
LET‟S PRATICE:
scarf – scarfs – scarves (manta, cachecol)
self – selfs – selves (a própria pessoa) 1) Follow the model:
a) This is a pencil. These are pencils.

That is a door
3. SOME PREPOSITIONS: ON, IN, AT , OF (ALGUMAS PREPOSIÇÕES)
PREPOSIÇÕES DE LUGAR: This is a table

On – indica posição em contato com uma superfície (em cima ou na superfície de ) – The book is
on the table (O livro está na mesa – em cima de)
IN – indica posição no interior (dentro de) – The teacher is in the classroom (O professor está na That is a bus
sala de aula – dentro da sala)
AT – indica uma posição que não tem contato ou não está dentro (EM ou A) – The teacher is at
the table (O professor está à mesa)
OF – indica usualmente posse ou qualificação (DE) – The days of the week (Os dias da semana)
4. THERE IS / THERE ARE b) What are these? (books) These are books.

What are those? (recorders)
This is a watch.
What are these? (buses)
This is a barber.
What are those? (brushes)
This is a city.
What are these? (tables)
What is that?
What are those? (chairs)
3) Follow the model:

2) Ponha as frases no plural:
a) There is a child in the room. Is there a child in the room?
This is a book.
b) There are nine teachers in the classroom.
That is a table.
c) There is a book on the teacher‟s desk.
What is this?
d)There is an engineer in the room.
That is a lady.
e) There are 4 books on the floor. There aren‟t 4 books on the floor.
f) There is a map on the wall.
This is a woman.
g) There are 6 lamps in the room.

That is a bus.
This is a child. h)There are 10 people in the classroom.
This is a potato. 4) Answer the questions below:

a) How many people are there in the room? (8) There are eight people in the room.
b) How many children are there in the classroom? (2)There are two children in the classroom.
5. MORE CARDINAL NUMBERS

c) How many buses are there here? (3)
20 - twenty
21 – twenty-one
30 - thirty
How many barbers are there here? (6)
31 – thirty-one
40 - forty
41 – forty-one
How many maps are there on the wall? (1) 50 - fifty
51 – fifty-one
60 - sixty
61 – sixty-one
5) Complete com THERE IS ou THERE ARE:
70 - seventy
______________ a student at the door. 71 – seventy-one
_______________ a map on the wall. 80 - eighty
_______________ three lamps in the room. 81 – eighty-one
___________ two large windows in the room. 90 - ninety
_______________ only one door. 91 – ninety-one
100 – one hundred – a hundred
6) Coloque as frases acima nas formas negativa e interrogativa. 101 – one hundred one
1000 – one thousand – a thousand
NEGATIVA: 1,000,000 – one million - a million
1,000,000,000 – one billion – a billion
ATENÇÃO: PARA NÚMEROS DA CASA DO MILHAR EM DIANTE, COLOCA-SE A VÍRGULA.

PORTANTO, O CORRETO É 1,000. SE ESCREVERMOS O NÚMERO 1.000, COM PONTO, EM INGLÊS,
NÃO ESTÁ CORRETO. O CORRETO É O CONTRÁRIO DO SISTEMA NUMÉRICO DO PORTUGUÊS E
INTERROGATIVA: DO INGLÊS.

20 – twenty 13 - thirteen thirteenth 13th
23 – twenty-three 14 – fourteen Forteenth 14th
423 – four hundred twenty-three 15 – fifteen Fifteenth 15th
5.423 – five thousand four hundred twenty-three 16 – sixteen Sixteenth 16th
17 – seventeen Seventeenth 17th
6. THESE ARE THE DAYS OF THE WEEK 18 – eighteen Eighteenth 18th
Sunday - Domingo 19 – nineteen Nineteenth 19th
Monday – Segunda-feira 20 – twenty Twentieth 20th
Tuesday - Terça-feira 21 – twenty-one Twenty-first 21st
Wednesday - Quarta-feira 30 – thirty Thirtieth 30th
Thursday – Quinta-feira 40 - forty Fortieth 40th

Friday – Sexta-feira 50 – fifty Fiftieth 50th
Saturday – Sábado 60 – sixty Sixtieth 60th
70 – seventy Seventieth 70th
Weekend – fim de semana. 80 – eighty Eightieth 80th
Week day – dia de semana. 90 – ninety Ninetieth 90th
100 – one hundred / Hundredth 100th
7. SOME ORDINAL NUMBERS a hundred
101 – one hundred Hundred and first 101st
CARDINAL ORDINAL ABREVIAÇÕES and one
1 – one first 1st 1,000 – one Thousandth 1,000th
2 – two second 2 nd thousand/ a
thousand
3 – three Third 3rd
1,000,000 – one millionth 1,000,000th
4 – four fourth 4th
million/ a million
5 – five fifth 5th
1,000,000,000 – one billionth 1,000,000,000th
6 – six sixth 6th billion/ a billion
7 – seven seventh 7th
8 – eight eighth 8th
OBSERVAÇÃO: Não há marcação de gênero em inglês. The 1st girl. (A primeira garota.) The
9 – nine ninth 9th 2nd boy. (O segundo garoto.)
10 – ten tenth 10th
11 – eleven eleventh 11th
12 - twelve twelfth 12th

UNIDADE III - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E 161 –
348 –
QUANTIFICANDO
1,590 –
1. THESE ARE THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR:
2) Complete:
January - janeiro
February -fevereiro Today is Monday. Tomorrow is ___________________________
March -março Today is Saturday. Tomorrow is __________________________
April -abril Today is Wednesday. Tomorrow is ________________________
May - maio Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is ___________________________
June - junho Today is Thursday. Tomorrow is __________________________
July -julho
August -agosto 3) Responda às seguintes perguntas:
September - setembro
October -outubro a) How many days are there in a week?
November - novembro
December –dezembro b) When are there classes?
LEMBRETE: OS MESES DO ANO SEMPRE SÃO ESCRITOS EM INICIAL MAIÚSCULA.

c) What‟s the first day of the week?
LET‟S PRATICE:
d) What‟s the day after Thursday?
1) Escreva os números por extenso:
3– e) What‟s the day after Tuesday?

7–
13 –
f) What‟s the last day of the school week?
22 –
34 –
45 –
4) Answer these questions:
56 –
79 – a) What is the eighth month of the year?
87 –

b) What is the second month of the year? REGRA GERAL:
DE HORA:00 ATÉ HORA:30, utilizamos a forma digital: hora-minutos ou o modo formal: minutos
past (ou after) hora:
c) What is the second day of the week?
DE HORA:31 A HORA:59, pode-se utilizar, também, o modo formal: minutos restantes para a
próxima hora TO próxima hora. Exemplo: 02:44 It‟s sixteen (dezesseis) to three. (Dezesseis para
as três).
d) What is the first day of the week?
VEJAMOS OS EXEMPLOS ABAIXO:

e) What is the last month of the year? 01:00 – It‟s one o‟clock
01:05 – It‟s one-oh-five / it‟s five past one
f) What is the last day of the week? 01:10 – It‟s one-ten / it‟s ten past one
01:15 – It‟s one-fifteen / it‟s fifteen past one / it‟s a quarter after one
01:20 – It‟s one-twenty / it‟s twenty past one
g) How many months are there in a year?
01:25 – It‟s one-twenty-five / Its twenty-five past one
01:30 – It‟s one-thirty / it‟s half past one
01:35 – It‟s one-thirty-five / It‟s twenty-five to two
5) Dê o numeral ordinal e a correspondente abreviação:
01:40 – It‟s one-forty / it‟s twenty to two
1- 01:45 – It‟s one forty-five / It‟s a quarter to two / It‟s fifteen to two
2- 01:50 – It‟s one-fifty / It‟s ten to two
3- 01:55 – It‟s one-fifty-five / it‟s five to two
5-
6- Quando a hora é exata (sem fração), usa-se “o clock”
Ex.: 12:00 – it‟s twelve o‟clock
9-
12 -
Usa-se a expressão A.M., para indicar as horas antes do meio-dia e P.M. para indicar as horas
depois do meio-dia.
2. WHAT TIME IS IT? (Que horas são?)
A.M. – ante-meridium
Há algumas formas de se informar ou pedir informação a respeito de horas. A pergunta mais
P.M. – post-meridium
comum é: What time is it? (Que horas são?) Porém, há outras mas menos usuais: Have you got
time, please? (Tem horas, por favor.) Could you tell me what time it is? (Poderia me dizer que
horas são? – bastante formal).

LET‟S PRATICE: Veja que o artigo é omitido apenas no plural.
Os substantivos contáveis (contable nouns) são aqueles que admitem plural, ou seja, a
Escreva as horas por extenso:
maioria.
Os substantivos incontáveis (uncountable nouns) são os que, em inglês, (às vezes,
1:00 _________________________________________________________ também, em português), não admitem plural.
2:10 _________________________________________________________ Gold (ouro) – information (informação) – money (dinheiro) – advice (conselho)
3:15 _________________________________________________________
4:20 _________________________________________________________ - Quando o substantivo é usado em sentido específico, emprega-se o artigo.
5:30 _________________________________________________________ The children that are studying are my relatives. (As crianças que estão estudando são meus
6:40 _________________________________________________________ parentes). Observe que a pessoa que fala não está se referindo a criança em geral.
7:45 _________________________________________________________
8:50 _________________________________________________________ b. Nunca se usa um artigo antes de nomes próprios pessoais e de possessivos.
9:55 _________________________________________________________ Peter is my friend.
10:00 ________________________________________________________ Your grandmother is very old.
3. THE – DEFINITE ARTICLE Convém lembrar que, com sobrenomes, referindo-se a uma família específica, emprega-se o
artigo.
The Simpsons went to the restaurant.
O artigo definido THE(o, a, os, as) é usado para singular, plural, masculino e feminino.
ATENÇÃO: nunca se usa o artigo THE com nomes de pessoas.
c. Embora títulos (presidente, rainha, governador, doutor, general, capitão, bispo, etc.)
levem o artigo, como em português, devem ser usados sem artigo quando
a. Regra Fundamental acompanhados de nome próprio.
- O artigo definido the é utilizadobasicamente quando é referido anteriormente no discurso. Ex.: The President came to our city.
Mary has a cat. The cat is very intelligent. (cat é mencionado duas vezes no discurso. Pela primeira
President Kennedy was assassinated.
vez, é mencionado com o artigo indefinido “a” e depois com o artigo “the”.)
- Quando o substantivo é usado em sentido genérico, omite-se o artigo.
d. Reforçando a regra básica do genérico-específico, lembramos que o artigo definido
Children like toys. (As crianças gostam de brinquedos)
deve ser omitido antes de substantivos que denotam ESPORTES, CIÊNCIAS, CORES,
- Porém, quando o substantivo é contável e está sendo usado em sentido genérico, no singular, REFEIÇÕES, ESTAÇÕES DO ANO, MESES, DIAS DA SEMANA e SUBSTANTIVOS
emprega-se o artigo. ABSTRATOS em sentido genérico. (Em português emprega-se o artigo definido nesses
The cat is a domestic animal. (O gato é um animal doméstico) casos).
Cats are domestic animals. (Os gatos são animais domésticos)
Tennis is very popular in Australia.
Biology is an important science.
Red is Jane‟s favorite color.

I‟m going to the bank after lunch. The Alps
Humility is a rare virtue. The Rokies
Mas.... The blue of her eyes... The Atlantic
The lunch she offered us ...... The Mediterranean
The winter I spent in London ..... The Amazon
The humility os St. Francis ...... The Gulf of México
Observe que nesse último grupo de exemplos os substantivos destacados são empregados em
LAGOS, PORÉM, SÃO EXCEÇÃO.
sentido específico.
Lake Victoria
Lake Huron
e. Omite-se também o artigo definido antes de nomes de CIDADES, ESTADOS, ILHAS,
PAÍSES, CONTINENTES. Lake Titicaca
Lake Michiagan
Rio is a beautiful city.

France is famous for its wines. f. Omite-se o artigo definido antes das palavras CHURCH, SCHOOL, BED, PRISON,
principalmente, quando usadas com o verb TO GO e a preposição IN. Sempre?.... NÃO!
Asia is bigger than europe.
APENAS quando esses locais estiverem sendo usados para a finalidade à qual
Hawaii is in Oceania. normalmente se destinam.
EXCEÇÕES: My chidren go to school in the morning. (são alunos, vão estudar)

The United States – (os Estados Unidos) I have to go to the school to speak to the principal. (não como aluno).
The United Kingdom – (o Reino Unido)
The United Arab Emirates – (os Emirados Árabes Unidos) John killed a man and went to prison. Tomorrow his wife is going to the prison in order to see him.
The Netherlands – (os Países Baixos)
The Dominican Republic – (a República Dominicana) Existem ainda outras palavras que normalmente não são precedidas de artigo. Entre
The Ivory Coast – (a Costa do Marfim) elas merecem destaque: HEAVEN, HELL,WORK.
The Solomon Islands – (as Ilhas Salomão) When I die, I hope to go to heaven.
The Azores – (os Açores) Go to hell!
The Bahamas – (as Bahanas) Paul goes to work at 7:30.
The Philippines – (as Filipinas)
Acidentes geográficos (montanhas, rios , mares, oceanos, etc) levam o artigo em Mas:
inglês, da mesma forma que em português. - Céu, no sentido de firmamento, é SKY.
The stars are in the sky.
The Andes

- Hell (inferno) é precedido de artigo em certas expressões bastante comuns na UNIDADE IV - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS
linguagem coloquial.
What the hell !!
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
What the hell is going on?(Que diabos está acontecendo?)
Sempre que desejamos expressar qualquer coisa que seja habitual em nossas vidas, usamos o
g. Ao contrário do que ocorre em português, é obrigatório o emprego de artigo definido Simple Present Tense.
antes de INSTRUMENTOS MUSICAIS PRECEDIDOS DE VERBOS COMO TO LIKE, TO A conjugação do Simple Present Tense dos principais verbos em inglês é muito simples. Usamos a
LEARN, e, principalmente, TO PLAY. forma básica do verbo para todas as pessoas, com exceção da 3ª. pessoa do singular, à qual
acrescenta-se “S”.
Caroline plays the piano well.
Henry is learning the guitar. Como exemplo, conjuguemos o verbo “TO WANT” (QUERER):
Robert likes the saxophone.

I want
O verbo TO DANCE quando seguido de uma dança específica, também exige um artigo You want
definido.
He wants
Gloria dances the samba very well.
She wants
It wants
h. Quando o artigo é empregado antes de adjetivos substantivados, significa que estes
estão no plural. We want
You want
The blind (os cegos) They want
The poor (os pobres)
The powerful (os poderosos) ATENÇÃO: a forma da 3ª. Pessoa do singular segue aquelas regras do plural, apresentadas na
unidade II.
The rich and the poor (os ricos e os pobres)
Quanto ao verbo “TO HAVE” (ter), temos uma forma um pouco diferente para a 3ªPessoa.
Como proceder, então, para o singular? Como dizer o rico, o pobre?
The rich man helped the poor man. I have
I gave some money to the blind woman. You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have

LET‟S PRATICE: The mechanic _________________ a car. (have)
They _________________at 6 o‟clock. (get up)
1) Follow the model: You _____________ classes. (have)
Bob and I __________________ home in the afternoon. (return)
I get up at 10 o‟clock. She gets up at 10 o‟clock.
I wash the car.
3) Dê a forma da 3ª pessoa do singular dos verbos:
Take – play –
They write the exercises.
Brush – study –
Have – watch –
Go – dress –
You watch TV. Work – fix –
2. CONFIRMAR UMA SUPOSIÇÃO

We go to school.
Quando temos uma ideia sobre alguma coisa, ou suposição, geralmente fazemos uma pergunta
negativa para confirmá-la. Em inglês, ocorre a mesma coisa.
You have classes. Para formar perguntas negativas, nós invertemos a posição do sujeito com o verbo que estará na
forma negativa.
Ex.: Afirmativa: Paul is a student.
I eat lunch at 12 o‟clock.
Negativa: Paul isn‟t a student.
Int Negativa: Isn‟t Paul a student?
They listen to the tape.

ATENÇÃO: Nas perguntas negativas, o verbo e a partícula “NOT” aparecem sempre na forma
contrata.
We have a map.
LET‟S PRATICE:
2) Use a forma correta dos verbos em parênteses: 1) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma interrogativa negativa:
I _____________ a tape in the lab. (listen to) Today is Monday.

We ______________________________ the lessons. (read)
Paul _______________________ to school. (go)
Bob __________________ the exercises. (write) That is a picture.
Bob and Jane ______________ TV together. (watch)

The instructor ________________ lunch at the barracks. (eat)

Margaret is a teacher. YOU YOUR
THEY THEIR
Those are airplanes.

Ex.: This is my teacher.(esta (este) é meu (minha) professor(a).
LET‟S PRATICE:
These are maps.

She is an architect.
a) (my) This is my teacher
(her) This is her teacher.

This is a table.
(their)
We are students.
(your)
There are 2 tapes on the table.

(his)
The teacher is at the blackboard.
(my)
3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
b) I – I wash my face
Usamos sempre diante de um substantivo. Serve para qualificar o substantivo (está sempre ligado
diretamente a um substantivo). Bob
PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I MY Mary
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
The cat
SHE HER
IT ITS
WE OUR

We 3) Preencha com a forma correta do adjetivo possessivo:
You and I study ________________ lessons.

You Jane eats _______ hotdogs.
Bob and you go to ______ school.
Paul and Jane have ______ money
You and Peter
I have _________ car.
The instructor reads ______________ newspaper.
You prepare ______________exercise
Bob and Mary
The cat drinks ___________milk.
2) Complete as frases, fazendo as necessárias variações do adjetivo possessivo: 4. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
O pronome possessivo é usado sozinho, pois refere-se a um substantivo já mencionado

I have my book.
anteriormente (tem a função de substituir o substantivo).
You
Ex.: This is my book. This book is mine.
PERSONAL POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE

He
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
I MY MINE
She YOU YOUR YOURS

HE HIS HIS
SHE HER HERS
It
IT ITS -
WE OUR OURS
We YOU YOUR YOURS
THEY THEIR THEIRS
You
LET‟S PRATICE:

They
This is my book. This book is mine.
These are our classrooms.

This is my car. UNIDADE V - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS
That is his table. 1. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE – A, AN
A (um, uma) - antes de consoantes e semivogais.

That is your pencil. A man
A pencil
A house
Those are her dogs.
A year
A university
This is my blackboard. A story
An (um, uma ) – antes de vogais e h não-aspirado.
an egg
These are your cars.
an arm
an evening
That is their lamp. an hour
an honest man
an opera
Those are his maps.
a. É obrigatório o emprego de um artigo indefinido antes de substantivos que denotam

profissão.
2) Use os pronomespossessivos correspondentes:
Helen is a teacher and her husband is an engineer.
These are our watches. They are __________________. Michael wants to be a doctor.
Bob and Tom have their tapes. They have _____________.
This is Mary‟s book. It‟s __________. 1.1 Emprega-se o artigo indefinido antes de substantivos que denotam religião e nacionalidade.
Those are John‟s books. They are _________ Porém, quando a mesma palavra é usada como adjetivo, o artigo não pode ser usado.
It‟s 3 o‟clock by my watch. It‟s 3 o‟clock by _____________

These are your I.D. cards. They are ___________ Peter is a devout Catholic. (substantivo) – Peter é um católico fervoroso.
This is the dog‟s milk. It‟s ________________

These are the captain‟s grades. They are _______________. His wife is Jewish. (adjetivo) - Sua mulher é judia.
Who won the race? It was a German. (substantivo)

Quem ganhou a corrida? Foi um alemão. Substantivos não contáveis (uncountable nouns) são os que, em inglês, (às vezes, também, em
Takeshi is Japanese. (adjetivo) – Takeshi é japonês. português), não admitem plural.
Ex: gold
Cumpre observar que certas nacionalidades têm duas palavras diferentes: uma para o adjetivo, Information
outra para o substantivo. Money
Salientamos as principais: advice
Adjetivo Substantivo What a nice day!

Inglês English / British Englishman
Francês French Frenchman I‟ve never seen such a big animal.
Escocês Scottish Scot / Scotsman
Irlandês Irish Irishman Richard ate half a watermelon.
Sueco Swedish Swede

Dinamarquês Danish Dane What a difficult test we had!
Holandês Dutch Dutchman

Mas: What nice furniture you have! (furniture = não-contável)
Espanhol Spanish Spaniard
Que mobília bonita você tem!
Obs.: Algumas formas substantivas terminadas em man designam o gênero masculino, sendo o
feminino formado com woman. Ann has such patience with kids! (patience = não-contável)
Englishman – Englishwoman Ann tem tanta paciência com crianças!
Frenchman – Frenchwoman
1.4 O artigo indefinido também é usado com sentido de por em expressões tais como: preço por
quilo, km por hora, vezes por dia etc.
1.2 Depois das preposições with (com) e without (sem), seguidas de substantivo concreto,
também é necessário o artigo indefinido.
Rice costs less than one real a kilo.
Jane prefers to write with a pencil.
Charles likes to work without a coat. That car was going at more than 150 kman hour!
Don‟t go out in the cold without an overcout!
We have Enghish class three times a week.
1.3 É obrigatório o emprego do artigo indefinido depois das palavras what (que), such (tal, tais)
e half (meio, meia), precedendo substantivos contáveis. 1.5 O artigo indefinido também é usado em expressões idiomáticas, tais como:
Substantivos contáveis (coutable nouns) são aqueles que admitem plural, ou seja, a maioria.

many times Muitas vezes LET‟S PRATICE:
all of a sudden Subitamente, de repente
as a rule Normalmente, de regra geral 1) Complete com o artigo adequado (the, a , an), onde for necessário.
in a hurry Com pressa, apressadamente
a) _________Pacific is _________ world‟s biggest ocean.
as a matter of fact De fato, na realidade b) What did you eat for __________breakfast this morning?
one at a time Um, um de cada vez c) Henry plays _________piano as well as __________guitar.
d) Mr Silva is _________Catholic but he almost never goes to _________church.
once upon a time Era uma vez e) I‟m in ________hurry because I have to catch ________bus to go to ______work.
an eye for na eye Olho por olho f) What _______delicious cake! Have _________piece!
g) Susan was in ________bed with _______ fever, so she couldn‟t go to _______party.
h) Helen works as _________ secretary for __________ multinational company.
1.6 Cabe salientar, finalmente, que o artigo indefinido não deve ser usado antes de i) What _________nice gardens! ________people who live in these houses must have
substantivos não-contáveis, embora nós o façamos em português. Nesses casos, o inglês usa _________good taste.
muitas vezes some (algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, uns, umas) j) ________price of _______gold is going up, but ________price of ________silver is going
down.
k) ______life is not easy for _____________people who earn __________minimum wage.
Let me give you some advice. l) ________inflation is bad for everybody, but it‟s worse for ____________ poor than for
________rich.
m) I like coffee, but ___________coffee they serve in _______our school cafeteria is terrible!
Can you lend me some money? n) _________sun and _________water are necessary for _________flowers to grow.
o) __________air in this room is not good. Please, open ________windows!
p) __________students were playing _____________basketball in ______school gymnasium.
I spent some time in New York. q) ___________President‟s wife received _________bouquet of ________flowers.
r) ___________Dr Costa goes to _________United States once ________year.
Observações:
a) Quando queremos enfatizar que se trata de um ou uma, não dois (duas) ou mais, usamos o
numeral one.
I asked for one bottle of wine, not two!
b) Também usamos o numeral one em expressões idiomáticas, como one day (um certo dia).
Then one day he said to me ...

UNIDADE VI - PERGUNTANDO SOBRE HÁBITOS 1.1. Quando precisamos empregar um interrogativo (HOW MANY, WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN,
WHAT), na pergunta, tem-se a seguinte ordem:
1. AUXILIAR - DO
INTERROGATIVO AUXILIAR SUJEITO VERBO
As formas interrogativas e perguntas são sempre feitas com a ajuda do verbo auxiliar. Como não WHAT DO YOU WANT?
temos um auxiliar próprio no Simple Present, é necessário usar um auxiliar “emprestado” que é o WHO DOES HE SEE?
“DO”. HOW MANY (BOOKS) DO YOU HAVE?
Colocamos o auxiliar “DO” na frente do sujeito.
WHERE DOES SHE LIVE?
WHEN DO YOU STUDY?
Ex.: afirmativa: I have a book
WHAT DO YOU EAT?
Interrogativa: Do I have a book?
Quando usamos How Many, temos que especificar do que queremos saber a quantidade. O
Usamos “DO” para todas as pessoas, exceto para a 3ª. pessoa do singular, onde emprega-se interrogativo será acompanhado do substantivo.
“DOES”.
Ex.: DOES Mary speakEnglish?
Ex.: We have tapes.
DOES he want a tape?
Do we have tapes?
How many tapes do we have?
Note que ao fazer a interrogação com DOES, o “S” do verbo principal desaparece.
LET‟S PRATICE:
Ex.: Mary wants a tape.
Does Mary want a tape?
AUXILIAR SUJEITO VERBO

a) (you) – Do you have a book?
I (she) – Does shehave a book?
YOU
DO WE (Bob)
THEY STUDY ?
HE
(Jane)
DOES SHE
IT

(We) ________you say “good morning”?
________the teacher read the leasson?
________ the mechanics work in the school?
________ the officers march every day?
(Bob and Mary)
________ the cadet report to the instructor?
VEJAMOS AGORA EXEMPLO DE TEXTO NO PRESENTE: LEIA O TEXTO ABAIXO E FAÇA O QUE SE
PEDE:
(You)
John is an engineer. He is from London and he is 45. He works in a construction
company. John is married and has two children: Jennifer and Mary. Jennifer is 13, and Mary is 10.
They are really happy.
(the teacher)
A – ENCONTRE AS RESPOSTAS ÀS SEGUINTES PERGUNTAS NO TEXTO:
1 – What does John do?

b) Mary hears a tape – Does Mary hear a tape?
Bob sees a boy – Does Bob see a boy?
I want three pencils – Do I want three pencils? 2 – Where is he from?
They work at school.

3 – How old is he?
Jack works every day
You eat at school.
The teachers read a book. 4 – Where does John work?
We brush our teeth
He wants a book.
She speaks English. 5 – How many children does John have?
2) Use DO ou DOES.
6 – What are John‟s daughter‟s names?
________ the sergeant go to school?
________ we speak English?
________Jane brush her teeth? 7 – How old is Jennifer?
________ it drink milk?

________ the boys learn well?

8 – How old is Mary? IT DOESN‟T WANT MILK
WE DON‟T HAVE A PEN
YOU DON‟T HAVE A PENCIL
B – JULGUE OS ITENS (T – TRUE: VERDADEIRO) E (F – FALSE: FALSO):
THEY DON‟T SEE A DOG
1 – John is American. ____

2 –John is in his forties. ____ OBSERVAÇÃO: DON‟T = DO NOT. DOESN‟T = DOES NOT.
3 – Jennifer is John‟s sister. ____
4 – Mary is older than Jennifer. ____
LET‟S PRATICE:
5 – John lives near London. ____
3) Faça as perguntas para as seguintes respostas, usando o interrogativo apropriado:
He has a pencil – Hedoesn‟t have a pencil.
I have ten books. I want a book.
I hear a plane. They hear a plane.
They eat lunch in a cafeteria Paul sees a car.
John sees Mary at school.

We have 5 tapes.
Bob wants five tapes.

She eats at school.
1.2Assim como precisamos do auxiliar DO/DOES para a forma interrogativa também precisamos We go to work every day.
dele para fezer a forma negativa.
SUJEITO AUXILIAR VERBO COMPLEMENTO The engineers want a car.

I DON‟T HAVE A BOOK
YOU DON‟T SEE A PLANE
HE DOESN‟T HEAR A PLANE They read their lessons.
SHE DOESN‟T WANT A TAPE

I dance well. c) Bob dances every day.
2) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa. d) The architects walk every morning.
I leave school at 4:30 pm.

e) Peter stops at the red ligth
The students read their lessons every morning.

f) Jane speaks English very well.
The car stops at the red light.

g) I have 2 cars.
The cadets study hard for the examination.

h) You hear a train.
It rains here every day.

i) You see a plane.
That young girl dances very well.

j) She has 2 tapes.
3. Usamos a forma interrogativa-negativa quando queremos fazer uma pergunta negativa. Para
fazer a pergunta negativa, usamos DON‟T / DOESN‟T na frente do sujeito.
2) Use DON‟T ou DOESN‟T:
Ex.: Don‟t you have a pencil?
Doesn‟t Mary hear a plane? __________ you know the lesson?
Don‟t we see a car? ____________ the boy eat hotdogs?

______________it rain every day?
LET‟S PRATICE: ____________ we have classes now?

__________ the officers report to the commander?
2. IMPERATIVO
a) We have a pen – Do we have a pen?
b) They go to school Ele expressa uma ordem ou comando. O sujeito nunca é expresso. Usa-se a forma básica do verbo,
isto é, o infinitivo sem o “TO”.

Ex.: Open the door. (Abra/abram a porta!) Close your books.
Close the book.(Feche / Fechem o livro!)
Wait for me. (Espere / Esperem por mim!)
Wait for Paul.
Hurry up! (Rápido! Aprecem-se!)
Para formar o imperativo negativo ou a ordem negativa, simplesmente usamos DON‟T antes do Wait for Mary.
verbo.
Ex.: Don‟t open the door. Close the window.

Don‟t close the book.
Don‟t wait for me.
2) Formule frases imperativas, usando os verbos entre parênteses.
Para suavizar a ordem ou o comando expressos pelo imperativo, ou seja, fazer da nossa ordem um (to open)
pedido, usualmente utilizamos “PLEASE”, que pode ser posicionado antes ou depois da ordem.
LET‟S PRATICE: (to close)
1) Follow the model: (to read)
Open the door. – Don‟t open the door.

Close the door. (to study)
Wait for me. (to repair)
(to report)
Hurry.
(to drive)
Open the window.
Open your books. (to wait)

(to hurry) My neighbor‟s house. (A casa do meu vizinho).
O mesmo vale para animais: The lion‟s roar. (O rugido do leão).

(to call)
Posteriormente, passou-se a empregar o „s também em relação aos corpos celestes, à Terra, ao

3) Suavize o imperativo das frases acima: mundo, aos países, às pessoas jurídicas e similares. Assim, dizemos corretamente:
Saturn‟s rings. (Os anéis de Saturno).
The army‟s traditions. (As tradições do exército.)
Com a evolução da língua e pela facilidade que o „s oferece (aqui surge o problema), seu uso
passou a ser tolerado e finalmente aceito em casos nos quais o possuidor é ser inanimado. Esse
uso, em certos casos, acaba sendo visto como abuso pelos native speakers(falantes nativos) que
possuem boa formação cultural e defendem o que muitos chamam de “ proper English”, ou seja, o
inglês adequado, correto.
Assim, locuções como:

the system‟s reliability (a confiabilidade do sistema),
provavelmente, seriam bem vistas pelos defensores do “proper English”.
Por outro lado, com certeza eles iriam franzir as sobrancelhas ou condenar como inaceitáveis
locuções do tipo:
The car‟s color.
3. POSSESSIVE / GENITIVE CASE („S) (CASO POSSESSIVO OU GENITIVO) The table‟s legs.
O caso possessivo é típico da língua inglesa. Trata-se de colocar um apóstrofo seguido de S após o Não obstante, a tendência de ampliação cada vez maior do uso do‟s em vez de of the é um fato
nome do possuidor, que precederá sempre a coisa possuída. que pode ser comprovado, inclusive por meio da leitura de revistas cujo inglês é considerado de
John‟s car. (O carro de John. John – possuidor e car – a coisa possuída). ótima qualidade. Isso acabou transformando esse tema em um dos mais polêmicos da moderna
a. Tradicionalmente, ensinava-se que o caso possessivo aplicava-se a seres animados (pessoas e gramática inglesa.
animais), não devendo ser empregado quando o possuidor era um ser inanimado (coisas e
substantivos abstratos). b. Quando se trata de uma dupla posse (dois possuidores do mesmo objeto), acrescenta-se o „s
apenas ao segundo possuidor.
Pessoas obviamente abrangem, além de nomes próprios, parentes em todos os graus, títulos,
cargos, funções, profissões e outros substantivos que só podem se referir a pessoas: criança, John and Alice‟s wedding. (o casamento de John e Alice)
menino (a), amigo (a), vizinho (a), colega de escola ou trabalho etc.
Mas:
Men‟s and women‟s clothes (roupas de homens e de mulheres)
The Queen‟s popularity. (A popularidade da Rainha).

OBSERVAÇÕES: I‟m going to the doctor‟s.
1. Quando o possuidor animado estiver no plural (terminado em s), basta acrescentar o
apóstrofo. 5. Para terminar, temos o duplo possessivo, ou seja, além do of, utiliza-se também o „s. Ocorre
The boys‟ aunt (a tia dos meninos) freqüentemente com palavras como friend, enemy, relative, acquaintance (conhecido).
He is a friend of my faher‟s.
Quando, porém, se tratar de um nome próprio ou sobrenome terminado em S, existem duas Bill is na enemy of Henry‟s.
possibilidades: simplesmente acrescentar o apóstrofo ou colocar o apóstrofo seguido de mais um A relative of John‟s called me up.
S.
She‟s an acquaintance of my mother‟s.
Mr. Jones‟ house. Ou Mr. Jones‟s house.
Observe que, no duplo possessivo, as palavras friend, enemy, relative, acquaintance são sempre
Entretanto, vale salientar que, no caso de nomes bíblicos, a praxe é usar um of antes do nome. precedidas de artigo indefinido (a, an). Eis um macete que não é infalível, mas tem sua utilidade.
The laws of Moses.
The Book of Jeremias.
The miracles of Jesus.
LET‟S PRATICE:
2. Na maioria das expressões de tempo é obrigatório o uso do caso possessivo. 1. Reescreva as sentenças usando „s ou of, conforme o caso.
Today‟s newspaper. (O jornal de hoje).
An hour‟s work. (Um trabalho de uma hora). The maid cleans all (the rooms – house)
Next week‟s test. (O exame da próxima semana.) The maid cleans all the rooms of the house.
3. No caso de substantivos compostos, acrescenta-se o „s à última palavra. I‟m going to borrow (the bicycle – my brother)
I‟m going to borrow my brother‟s bicycle.
My brother-in-law‟s house (a casa do meu cunhado)
The commander in chief‟s orders (as ordens do comandante em chefe) a.Please, give me (a glass – water)
4. Não se surpreenda ao encontrar um caso possessivo que não é seguido de nada. Isso significa
que uma palavra ficou subentendida. Essa palavra pode ser house, shop, store, office ou b. Have you seen (the newspaper – today) ?
church.
c. (The fur – fox) is used for making (coats – women)

I was at my uncle‟s.
He visited St Peter‟s in Rome.
Helen works at prosdócimo‟s. d. (The beauty – painting) impressed everybody.

e. We all enjoyed (the party – last night) UNIDADE VII - APROFUNDANDO PRÉ-CONHECIMENTO
f. (the desk – Peter) is covered with (sheets – paper) 1. RESPOSTAS CURTAS
Em Inglês, quando respondemos a uma pergunta direta, não é bastante responder “YES” ou “NO”.
g. I live next door to (house – uncle Harry)
É necessário também expressar o sujeito e o verbo auxiliar correspondente.
h. Do you like (the color – this shirt)? DO YOU READ IN ENGLISH?

YES, I DO.
NO, I DON‟T
i. (Hands – a mechanic) are often dirty.
DOES MARY READ A BOOK?

j. (Boyfriend – my sister) is studying to be a doctor. YES, SHE DOES.
NO, SHE DOESN‟T
LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Answer:
a) Do you get up at 6:00?

Yes, ____________________________
b) Does Mary speak English?

No, _____________________________
c) Do we live here?
No,_____________________________
d) Do I speak French well?

Yes, ____________________________
e) Does Paul read a book every day?

No, _____________________________

Do they drive their car? In the morning
No, ______________________________ In the afternoon
In the evening
f) Do Mary and Elizabeth work? In (the) spring
Yes, _____________________________
ESTAÇÕES DO ANO:
g) Does the dog eat every day? Spring, summer, autumn (fall), winter. (primavera, verão, outono, inverno).
Yes, ______________________________
IN também poderá ser usada com semanas,mas somente no caso de especificar uma semana
h) Do you smoke? dentro do mês.
No, ______________________________ Ex.: I work in the first week of the month.(Eu trabalho na primeira semana do mês).
i) Does Peter have two cars? O USO EM CONTEXTO DE LUGAR:
No, ______________________________ Usamos IN, ON e AT para indicar endereço e lugares.

AT – para o número
ON – para a rua
2. PREPOSITIONS
IN – para o bairro, cidade e país.
As expressões de tempo e as respectivas preposições:
Ex.: I live at 54.

AT – é usada quando especificamos a hora em que uma determinada ação ocorre.
on 23rd street.
Ex.: I have lunch at 12 o‟clock.
In Miami.
I go to class at 9:30.
LET‟S PRATICE:
Também usamos AT com as palavras:NIGHT, NOON (MEIO DIA), MIDDAY (MEIO DIA),
MIDNIGHT (MEIA NOITE).
Preencha as lacunas com a preposição apropriada:
Ex.: I go home at night.
ON – é usada para determinar o dia, quer da semana ou do mês.
1. The students eat their lunch ____________________ noon.
Ex.: I go to class on Monday. 2. He lives _________________ Brooklin.
My birthday is on the 22 of June. (My birthday is on June 22nd.) 3. We go to school ________the morning.
4. Independence Day is ___________________September 7 th.
5. Does John take vacations ____________________Summer?
IN – é usada para determinar o mês, ano, estação do ano e as partes do dia. 6. Do you eat dinner ____________ night?
7. Mary works _____________First Street.
Ex.: in June
8. We are __________________1996.
In 1988 9. The school is _______726, Main Street.

10. The students are _______________the United States now. Read the text below and answer questions 2, 3, 4 and 5:
Josh Stuart is a Law student. He goes to the University of California. He lives _____ 32 Mainville
street, Bervely Hills, ____ Los Angeles. He shares a room with ___ best friend Jeff. Jeff is a civil
3. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - WHOSE
engineering student. Josh gets up ___ 5 o‟clock ____ the morning and goes for a walk. He walks
for one hour, then he has breakfast, gets dressed and goes to college.
Whose – pergunta quem é o possuidor.
Ex.: Whose pencil is this? That is my pencil. 2) The correct alternative which best completes the gaps is:
Em inglês, há uma forma especial de expressar quem é o possuidor. Usamos o caso possessivo
(Posessive Case) a) at – in – their – in – in;
b) in –at – his – at – on;
Ex. John‟s book (the book of John)
c) on – at – his – at – in;
Quando o possuidor já é plural regular, acrescentamos somente apóstrofe. Não precisamos de
outro “S”. d) at – in – his – at – in;
Ex.: The teachers‟ books. (the books of the teachers). e) in – in – his – at – on.
OBSERVAÇÃO: O PRONOME INTERROGATIVO “WHOSE” TAMBÉM É UTILIZADO COMO O 3) It can be inferred that:
PRONOME RELATIVO “CUJO”, “CUJA”, “CUJOS” E “CUJAS”. Exemplos: he is the guy whose father
is the mayor. (Ele é o cara cujo pai é o prefeito). a) Josh is a teenager.
b) Jeff is a teenager.
c) Jeff is an athlete.
LET‟S PRATICE:
d) Josh is a guitar player.
e) Josh gets up really early.
1) Answer the questions below, following the example:
4) The only alternative which is WRONG is:

a) Whose pencil is this? (BOB)It‟s Bob‟s pencil.
b) Whose car is that? (Mary) a) Jeff and Josh are friends.
b) Jeff is a college student.
c) Josh is not a hardworking student.
c) Whose tapes are those? (the students)
d) Jeff lives with Josh.
e) Jeff and Josh are college students.
d) Whose record is that? (Peter)

5) The best question for the sentence: “Josh Stuart is a law student”. Is:
a) Who is Josh Stuart?

e) Whose car is this? (Paul) b) Where is Josh Stuart from?
c) How old is Josh Stuart?
d) Where does Josh Stuart live?
e) What does Josh Stuart do?

UNIDADE VIII - CARACTERIZANDO E COMPARANDO b) Quando existem dois ou mais adjetivos de fato, normalmente são colocados na seguinte ordem:
1. THE ADJECTIVE
Em Inglês:
-O adjetivo não varia em gênero, isto é, utiliza-se o mesmo adjetivo tanto para o masculino como
para o feminino.
A good boy
- O adjetivo é usado depois de certos verbos, tais como:
A good girl
1. To be (ser, estar, ficar)

- O adjetivo não varia em número, isto é, não tem plural.
2. To get (tornar-se, ficar)
One fat man
3. To became (tornar-se, ficar)
Five fat men
4. To look (parecer)
5. To seem (parecer)
- O adjetivo sempre precede o substantivo que ele qualifica. Essa regra é válida também quando
6. To feel (sentir)
estão presentes dois ou mais adjetivos.
7. To taste (ter o gosto de)
A tall girl
8. To sound (falar como se, em tom de)
An intelligent boy
9. To smell (cheirar)
- Quando o substantivo é qualificado por mais de um adjetivo, é necessário coloca-los na ordem

certa. Para isso, deve-se considerar o seguinte: Exemplos:
1. Mr Brown was pleased. (Mr. Brown estava satisfeito).
a) Existem adjetivos de fato e adjetivos de opinião. Os adjetivos de fato são objetivos, dão-nos 2. Are you getting tired? (Você está ficando cansado?)
informações sobre o substantivo (idade, tamanho, cor, origem, etc). Os adjetivos de opinião dizem- 3. He became the head manager of the company. (Ele tornou-se o gerente chefeda empresa.)
nos o que alguém pensa ou acha sobre o substantivo e sempre precedem os de fato. 4. The pudding tastes strange.(O pudim tem um gosto estranho.)
5. The boss sounded angry. (O chefe pareceu nervoso.)
OPINIÃO FATO 6. This perfume smells good.(Este perfume tem o cheiro bom.)
AN INTELLIGENT YOUNG MAN
A VALUABLE CLASSICAL PAINTING - Um substantivo pode ser precedido por outro substantivo que o qualifica, exercendo, assim, a
função de um adjetivo. Nesse caso, mesmo que em português o substantivo qualificante esteja
no plural, em inglês, ele permanece no singular.
A ten-story building (um prédio de dez andares)

Vamos aproveitar para aprender as cores?
OBSERVAÇÃO: Quando o substantivo estiver associado a um numeral, deve-se ligá-los com
hífen.
- Ressaltamos, finalmente, que existem adjetivos formados pelo gerúndio (ing) e pelo particípio The snow is white.
(ed) de um verbo. A forma ING pode ser considerada ativa, e a forma ED, passiva. Coal is black.
I found the instructions rather confusing. (Achei as instruções um tanto confusas.) The sky in Rio is blue.
I was confused by the instructions. (As instruções me deixaram confuso.) The sky in Londres is grey.
The banana is yellow.
Quando usamos o adjetivo, estamos expressando alguma qualidade, característica, Blood is red.
número ou especificação do substantivo. Logo, existem alguns interrogativos que vão The tree is green and brown.
pedir estas informações. Eles são: The rose is pink.
The orange is orange.
WHAT KIND.....? – Que tipo ....?
HOW MANY.....? – Quantos ....?
Como você pôde observar, os adjetivos, em inglês, são sempre colocados à frente do
WHICH (ONE) ....? – Qual (deles) ....? substantivo.
WHAT COLOR....? – Que cor ?
I have a blue car.

Ex.: What kind of car is this?
She wants a new car.
It‟s a sedan.
This is the last class.
It‟s a sport car.
It‟s a station wagon.
Palavras compostas e posição de substantivos adjetivados.
It‟s a van
Algumas palavras, compostas por 2 substantivos, têm sua formação baseada no mesmo princípio
How many cars do you have?
da posição dos adjetivos. O substantivo, que especifica alguma qualidade ou característica do
I have one car. outro, sempre antecede o qualificado.
I have four cars.
CLASSROOM – o substantivo CLASS qualifica o substantivo ROOM.

Which car do you prefer?
I prefer a new car.
Outros exemplos:
I prefer a fast car.
I prefer a big car.
NOTEBOOK
I prefer a small car.
WASTEBASKET
AIRPLANE
What color is your pencil?
AIRPORT
It‟s blue

WRISTWATCH (relógio de pulso). HAPPY HAPPILY
CAREFUL CAREFULLY
 Alguns substantivos com função de adjetivo vão ser colocados na mesma posição do adjetivo.
EFFICIENT EFFICIENTLY
BAD BADLY
Ex.: Minute hand
PERFECT PERFECTLY
Hour hand
SILENT SILENTLY
Auxiliary verb
EASY EASILY
Gold watch
TERRIBLE TERRIBLY
Class schedule
TRAGIC TRAGICALLY
Bulletin board
Station wagon
Adjetivo: John is a careful student.
Advérbio: He studies carefully.
Answer these questions:
a) How many tables do you have? (fifteen)  Como você pode deduzir, o simples acréscimo de LY nem sempre basta para formar o advérbio.
b) How many cars do you have? (two) Observe as regras:
c) What color is Paul‟s new car? (blue)
d) Which one do you prefer? (the blue one) a) Os adjetivos terminados em Y trocam por I antes de receberem o sufixo LY.
e) What kind of book does Jane have? (an English book)
f) What color is Bob‟s wastebasket? (brown)
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO
HEAVY HEAVILY
2. ADVERBS
LAZY LAZILY
PRIMARY PRIMARILY
Enquanto o adjetivo nos diz algo ou alguma coisa sobre um substantivo ou um pronome, o
HAPPY HAPPILY
advérbio nos diz alguma coisa sobre um verbo, adjetivo ou outro advérbio.
b) Os adjetivos terminados em LE trocam o LE por LY.

 Os advérbios que derivam de um adjetivo são formados pela adição do sufixo LY
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO HORRIBLE HORRIBLY
SLOW SLOWLY SIMPLE SIMPLY
QUICK QUICKLY SUBTLE SUBTLY
EASY EASILY
CORRECT CORRECTLY EXCEÇÃO: WHOLE – WHOLLY

c) Aos adjetivos terminados em IC acrescenta-se o sufixo ALLY para formar o advérbio. RIGHTLY – He was treated with great respect, and rightly so. (Ele foi tratado com grande
respeito, e merecidamente)
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO
TRAGIC TRAGICALLY HIGHLY – Dr Barbosa is a highly respected surgeon. (O Dr. Barbosa é um cirurgião altamente
FANTASTIC FANTASTICALLY conceituado.)
SPECIFIC SPECIFICALLY
LOUDLY – Bob spoke so loudly (loud) that he woke up the whole family. (Bob falou tão alto que
acordou a família toda.)
OBSERVAÇÃO: Não se pode acrescentar um LY a adjetivos que já terminam em LY, tais como:
friendly (amigável), silly (bobo), lovely (amável) etc. Nesse caso, deve-se recorrer a uma
construção com WAY (jeito, modo) ou MANNER (maneira). CLOSELY – The boxer watched his opponent closely. (O lutador de boxe observava seu adversário
FRIENDLY (amigável) – IN A FRIENDLY WAY atentamente.)
SILLY (tolo) – IN A SILLY MANNER

LATELY – We haven‟t seen our neighbors lately. (Não temos visto nossos vizinhos ultimamente.)
 ATENÇÃO: Alguns advérbios não recebem sufixo e mantêm a mesma forma do

adjetivo. HARDLY – The test was so difficult that hardly anyone passed. (A prova foi tão difícil que quase
ninguém passou.)
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO
HARD HARD OBSERVAÇÃO:
FAST FAST Hardly significa quase não e nada tem a ver com hard (duro, difícil). Observe que seu sentido
LATE LATE é negativo e, por isso, o verbo da oração é afirmativo.
EARLY EARLY Peter and I are neighbors, but we hardly know each other. (Peter e eu somos vizinhos,
RIGHT RIGHT mas quase não nos conhecemos.)
Hardly ever significa quase nunca.
HIGH HIGH
We hardly ever go to the theater. (Nós quase nunca vamos ao teatro).
LOUD LOUD
. Oadjetivo GOOD tem uma forma especial de advérbio, que éWELL.
CLOSE CLOSE
Ex.: Bob is a good driver. (Bob é um bom motorist.)
He drives well. (Ele dirige bem.)
Jack loves fast cars. (adjetivo)
Jack drives fast. (advérbio).
. Contudo, os advérbios não caracterizam somente o modo, mas também, tempo, lugar,
freqüência e intensidade. Vamos ver onde o colocamos na frase?
This is the right way to do it. (adjetivo)
Quanto à posição dos advérbios, eles, usualmente, estão no fim da frase.
Do it right! (advérbio)
. Mesmo esses, com exceção de FAST e EARLY, admitem a forma LY, geralmente com alguma
Ex.: Mary studies hard. (modo)
alteração no sentido.
Mary studies at home. (lugar)

Mary studies every day. (tempo). Now, they are living in Europe. (agora eles estão morando na Europa.)
Now I understand! (Agora eu compreendo!)
 ADVÉRBIOS DE MODO – são aqueles que nos dizem como alguma coisa acontece, I want you to do this now!(Quero que você faça isso agora!)
aconteceu, acontecerá, etc. São colocados depois do verbo principal, mas antes de um
particípio.Eles são derivados de adjetivos. Exemplos:
SOON - normalmente vai para o final da frase, podendo, porém, ser colocado antes do verbo.
John acted quickly. (John agiu rapidamente – de modo rápido.)
The doctor promised to come soon. (O médico prometeu vir logo)
Jane was smartly dressed. (Jane estava elegantemente vestida – de modo elegante).
The doctor will soon be here. (O médico logo estará aqui)
 ADVÉRBIOS DE TEMPO – são aqueles que nos dizem quando alguma coisa acontece,
aconteceu, acontecerá, etc. AFTERWARDS (LATER) – normalmente vai para o final da frase, podendo também ser colocado
no seu início.
a) Se o tempo for definido (today, yesterday, tonight, tomorrow) ou se tratar de dias da semana, I‟ll speak to you afterwards (later). (falarei com você depois – mais tarde)
meses, etc, o advérbio normalmente vai para o fim da frase, podendo também, às vezes, ser Afterwards (later) he said he was sorry. (Depois, ele disse que estava arrependido)
colocado no começo.
LATELY – é usado da mesma forma que afterwards.

I spoke to him lastnight. (Falei com ele ontem à noite)
Henry has been very busy lately. (Henry tem estado muito ocupado ultimamente)
Yesterday I went to the movies. (Ontem fui ao cinema) ou I went to the movies yesterday.
Lately it has rained a lot. (Ultimamente tem chovido muito)
The goods will arrive on Monday. (A mercadoria chegará na segunda-feira)

. Os interrogativos HOW, WHERE e WHEN vão exatamente perguntar O MODO, O
In January we usually go to the beach. (Em janeiro, geralmente vamos para a praia) TEMPO e O LUGAR.
b) Outros advérbios de tempo têm posição variável. Ex.: How does Mary study? She studies hard.
Where does Mary study? She studies at home.
ALREADY – é colocado depois do verbo to be e é intercalado nos tempos compostos. When does Mary study? She studies every day.
The books are already in the library. (Os livros já estão na biblioteca.)
I have already seen that film. (Já vi aquele filme.) INFORMALMENTE, o advérbio already (já) pode LET‟S PRATICE:
ser colocado no final da frase. Exemplo: I‟ve done the exercises already. (Eu já fiz os exercícios.)
1) Answer the questions based on the information in parentheses:

JUST – é usado com o present perfect tense, sendo sempre intercalado entre o auxiliar HAVE e o
PARTICÍPIO.
a) How does Mary study? (hard)Mary studies hard.
The bus has just arrived. (O ônibus acabou de chegar.)
How does Peter walk? (slow)
NOW – é normalmente colocado depois do verbo to be, podendo ser posto antes para enfatizar.
Nos demais casos, fica como em português. How does Bob drive? (careful)
They are now living in Europe. (Eles estão morando na Europa agora)

How do they work? (hard) f) We cook ______________________ (good)
g) He talks ___________________ (fluent)
h) We arrive at school___________ (early)
i) They work very ______________ (hard)
b) Where does Mary study? (at home)Mary studies at home. j) We get up ___________________(late)
3) Preencha as lacunas com a forma correta do adjetivo ou advérbio.

Where does Paul work? (in the officer)
a) This is an ___________ lesson (easy).
b) He learns it ________________ (easy).
c) They run very _______________ (fast).
Where does Bob study? (in the library)
d) You are a ____________learner (slow)
e) She sings _______________ (beautiful)
f) They are _________ students (careful).
Where do we work? (at school) g) He plays tennis _____________ (good)
h) He is a ______________ girl. (beautiful)
i) I‟m a _________________ driver (fast).
Where do I study? (at home)

3. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
c) When does Mary study? (every day)Mary studies every day.  Forma-se o grau comparativo de todos os substantivos de 1 sílaba pela adição de ER
depois do adjetivo e colocando a palavra THAN.
When do you study? (in the evening)

EX. : OLD – OLDERTHAN
FAST – FASTERTHAN
When do they go to school? ( in the morning) NEW – NEWERTHAN
LOW – LOWER THAN
When does Paul eat lunch? (at noon)

A plane is faster than a bus.(Um avião é mais rápido do que um ônibus.)
When do Peter and Bob watch TV? (at night)  Nos casos dos adjetivos de 1 sílaba, contendo uma vogal seguida de uma consoante,
dobra-se a última consoante.
2) Preencha com a forma apropriada do advérbio. BIG – BIGGER THAN

HOT – HOTTER THAN
a) You study ____________________ (careful)
b) She always does her work _________(quick)
c) She drives __________________ (careless)  Para adjetivos de 2 sílabasnão terminados em Y, colocamos a palavra MORE antes do
d) They learn _________________(quick) adjetivo (este invariável) e a palavra THAN após o adjetivo.
e) He runs ______________________(fast)

Ex.: DIFFICULT – MORE DIFFICULT THAN
MORE RECENT THAN COMFORTABLE – MORE COMFORTABLE THAN
MORE CORRECT THAN EXPENSIVE – MORE EXPENSIVE THAN
MORE AFRAID THAN
MORE COMPLEX THAN EXEMPLOS DE COMPARATIVOS DE SUPERIORIDADE DE ADJETIVOS DE UMA SÍLABA:
MORE FAMOUS THAN
MORE MODERN THAN ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO
MORE BORING THAN HOT HOTTER
MORE CHARMING THAN
COLD COLDER
OLD OLDER
 Para adjetivos de 2sílabas terminados em Y, troca-se o Y por “I” e acrescenta-se ER +
THAN BIG BIGGER
SMALL SMALLER
PRETTY – PRETTIERTHAN YOUNG YONGER
EASY – EASIERTHAN SLOW SLOWER

BUSY – BUSIERTHAN FAST FASTER
FAT FATTER
THIN THINNER
OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem adjetivos de duas sílabas não terminados em Y que admitem as duas
formas (ER e MORE), embora a forma ER deva ser preferida nos adjetivos assinalados com
asterisco. 3.1 COMPARATIVOS DE SUPERIORIDADE IRREGULARES
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO
GOOD (bom) BETTER
SIMPLE (*) simples SIMPLER / MORE SIMPLE
BAD (ruim) WORSE
GENTLE (*) gentil GENTLER / MORE GENTLE
LITTLE (pouco, menos) LESS
ABLE (*) capaz, hábil ABLER / MORE ABLE
MUCH (muito) MORE
POLITE (*) polido POLITER / MORE POLITE
MANY (muitos) MORE
CLEVER (*) esperto CLEVERER / MORE CLEVER
FAR (longe) FARTHER / FURTHER
QUIET quieto QUIETER / MORE QUIET
NARROW (*) estreito NARROWER / MORE NARROW
COMMON comum COMMONER / MORE COMMON
Corcovado – high – Sugar Loaf

 Para adjetivos de 3 ou mais sílabas, colocamos MORE e THAN
Corcovado is higher than Sugar Loaf.

a) A taxi – fast – a bus EX. : OLD – THE OLDEST
b) Summer – hot – Spring TALL – THE TALLEST
c) March – long – February
d) A baby – young – a boy Which is the smallest car made in Brazil?
e) Chinese – difficult – English
f) Paul – old – Bob
 Nos casos dos adjetivos de 1 sílaba, contendo uma vogal seguida de uma consoante,
g) New York – large – Washington. dobra-se a última consoante.
BIG – THE BIGGEST
2) Formule frases comparativas usando as ideias abaixo:
HOT – THE HOTTEST
a) John (tall) Mary

 Para adjetivos de 2 sílabasnão terminados em Y, coloca-se a palavra THE MOST antes do
adjetivo
THE MOST RECENT
b) My car (new) your car.
THE MOST CORRECT
THE MOST AFRAID
c) John‟s book (complex) mine THE MOST COMPLEX
THE MOST FAMOUS
d) This chair (comfortable) yours. THE MOST MODERN
THE MOST BORING
THE MOST CHARMING
e) Japanese (difficult) English
 Para adjetivos de 2sílabas terminados em Y, troca-se o Y por i e acrescenta-se EST
f) Alaska (cold) Rio PRETTY – THE PRETTIEST

EASY – THE EASIEST
BUSY – THE BUSIEST
g) My watch (fast) hers
 OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem adjetivos de duas sílabas não terminados em Y que admitem as duas
h) New York (large) Boston. formas (EST e THE MOST), embora a forma EST deve ser preferida nos adjetivos assinalados
com asterisco.
4. SUPERLATIVE ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO

SIMPLE (*) THE SIMPLEST / THE MOST SIMPLE
 Forma-se o grau comparativo superlativo de todos os substantivos de 1 sílaba pela adição
de EST depois do adjetivo e colocando a palavra THE antes do adjetivo. GENTLE (*) THE GENTLEST / THE MOST GENTLE

ABLE (*) THE ABLEST / THE MOST ABLE Quando utilizamos nomes, podemos repetir ou não o verbo to be na segunda parte da
comparação.
POLITE (*) THE POLITEST / THE MOST POLITE
CLEVER (*) THE CLEVEREST / THE MOST CLEVER
Mary is as old as John.
QUIET THE QUIETEST / THE MOST QUIET
Mary is as old as John is.
NARROW (*) THE NARROWEST / THE MOST NARROW
COMMON THE COMMONEST / THE MOST COMMON Quando utilizamos pronome na segunda parte a comparação, podemos fazê-lo com um
pronome reto (subject pronoun) ou um pronome oblíquo (object pronoun). Com o
pronome reto, pode-se repetir ou não o verbo to be. Com o pronome oblíquo (gramaticalmente
 Para adjetivos de 3 ou mais sílabas, colocamos THE MOST antes do adjetivo
incorreto, porém bastante usado na linguagem informal), não se repete o verbo to be.
Ex.: DIFFICULT – THE MOST DIFFICULT
Mary is as old as he. (pronome reto)
COMFORTABLE – THE MOST COMFORTABLE
Mary is as old as he is. (pronome reto)
EXPENSIVE – THE MOST EXPENSIVE
Mary is as old as him (pronome obliqueo, gramaticalmente incorreto)
- A estrutura as…as também pode ser empregada para dizer o quanto uma coisa é mais que
4.1 SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES
outra. Para isso, utilizam-se expressões como twice (duas vezes), three times (três vezes), four
times (quatro vezes), etc. Ao compararmos, por exemplo, um prédio de dez metros de altura com
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO outro de vinte metros, podemos dizer:
GOOD THE BEST The building is twice as tall as that one.
BAD THE WORST

LITTLE THE LEAST - The same + substantive + as (o mesmo … que, a mesma…que) pode equivaler, em sentido, à
estrutura as ...as.
MUCH THE MOST
MANY THE MOST
Henry is as old as Andrew.
WELL THE BEST
Henry is the same age as Andrew.
FAR THE FARTHEST
6. COMPARATIVE OF INEQUALITY
5. COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY: AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
A Volkswagen is not so expensive as a Mustang.
The black car is as small as the white one.
A Volkswagen is not as expensive as a Mustang.
O adjetivo “small” está no grau comparativo de igualdade. O grau comparativo de igualdade é

NOT AS + ADJETIVO + AS
formado por:
NOT SO + ADJETIVO + AS
AS + ADJETIVO + AS
John is not so tall as his cousin.

- Ao compararmos características de pessoas, utilizamos nomes ou pronomes.

Mary was not as happy as Jane. GROOM (BRIDEGROOM) – BRIDE
BROTHER – SISTER
7. COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY: LESS + ADJECTIVE + THAN BULL – COW

FATHER – MOTHER
Exemplos: “Ratinho” is less interesting than “Faustão”. HUSBAND – WIFE
MAN – WOMAN
8. SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY: THE LEAST + ADJECTIVE
NEPHEW – NIECE
ROOSTER – HEN
A silver ring is less expensive than a gold ring.
This lesson is less difficult than the previous one. SON – DAUGHTER
Of the three rings, this one was the least expensive. UNCLE – AUNT
This exercise was the least difficult of all.
d) Palavras estrangeiras
FIANCÉ – FIANCÉE
9. IRREGULAR GENDER
BLON – BLONDE
a) O sufixo ESS no final dos substantivos geralmente indica a forma feminina.
LET‟S PRATICE:
ACTOR – ACTRESS
HOST – HOSTESS
a) Escreva no comparativo, seguindo o modelo:
LION – LIONESS
PRINCE – PRINCESS The avenue / long / the streetThe avenue is longer than the street.
TIGER – TIGRESS
WAITER – WAITRESS 1. Your dictionary / good / mine
b) Algumas vezes, com palavras compostos, apenas um elemento irá denotar o sexo: 2. Jane / attractive / her sister.
BOYFRIEND – GIRLFRIEND
ENGLISHMAN – ENGLISHWOMAN 3. São Paulo / polluted / Curitiba
PEACOCK – PEAHEN
4. The brown suitcase / heavy / the black one
c) Nos casos abaixo, palavras diferentes são usadas:
5. Some motorcycles / expensive / certain cars

BACHELOR – OLD MAID (SPINSTER)
MALE – FEMALE

6. Algebra / complicated / arithmetic. 9. You‟re standing too close to the camera; can you move a little _____away?
10. We lost simply because our team played _______________than the other team.
7. Everybody knows that a hurricane / bad / a rainstorm d. Escreva no superlativo, seguindo o modelo:
That building / tall / in the city- That building is the tallest in the city.
8. Don‟t you think Renato / thin / me?
1. Mrs Baker bought / beautiful / flowers in the flower-shop.
2. It was / hot / day in the whole summer.
9. My street / noisy / the one where you live 3. That was / interesting / book I‟ve ever read.
4. They say this is / good / restaurant in town
5. That was / difficult / problem we had to solve
10. English / simple / German 6. This is / comfortable / chair in the whole house
7. My / bad / grades are always in math
8. Bobby is / lazy / boy in his class.
9. In Brazil / short / days of the year are in June.
b) Escolha a única alternativa correta para preencher os espaços em branco:
10. Who, in your opinion, is / popular / singer in the USA?
– The United States‟ coastline is not ____________as that of Brazil. 10. OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS (PRONOMES OBJETO)
– The Everest is ________________mountain in the world.
– Large apes are ______________than dogs. Os pronomes objeto são utilizado na posição pós-verbal.Exemplo: Fred loves apples. He eats them
– Which disease is _____________, cancer or aids? everyday. (them – está na posição pós-verbal, objeto. Ele substitui “apples”.)
– No snake is ________________as the anaconda.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS (SUBJECTIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
CASE) (OBJECTIVE CASE)
a) as beautiful – the higher – as intelligent – the worst – more strong
b) more beautiful – the most high – as intelligent – the badder – stronger I ME
c) so beautiful – higher – more intelligent – the baddest – strongest YOU YOU
d) so beautiful – the highest – more intelligent – worse – as strong
e) as beautiful – hghest – more intelligent – the worst – strongest HE HIM
SHE HER
c) Preencha os espaços em branco com o comparativo dos adjetivos seguintes: IT IT
WE US
HARD – EASY – GOOD – BAD – INTERESTING – FAR – NICE – FAST – NERVOUS – CROWDED
YOU YOU
THEY THEM
1. My handwriting is not so good; yours is _____________.
2. Shopping centers are always _________around Christmas time.
3. Before the test, Fred was ____________than Jim.
Reescreva as frases usando pronomes em substituição ao que está em letras maiúsculas.
4. A rabbit runs much _______________than a wolf.
5. If Paul worked ____________________he‟d make more money.
6. I find action movies ____________than dramas or comedies. a) I set near MY FRIENDS during the lesson.
7. Where did you buy your sweater? It‟s much ________________than mine.
8. Most people think Windows is ___________to use than other types of software. b) All the boys like FOOTBALL very much.

c) I often see YOU AND JANE in the canteen. d) Para descrever ações que se repetem ou que ocorrem com frequência. Nesse caso, temos o
d) Paul invites TOM AND ME for dinner on Fridays. advérbio always, que se posiciona entre o verbo to be e o verbo principal.
e) I teach GEORGE AND JOHN every day. She is always complaining about the children.
f) I know THE INSTRUCTOR, CAPTAIN JONES, very well.

g) I like MARGARETH very much. e) Para nos referirmos a ações futuras planejadas ou previstas.
h) I see A CAT in the room. Hurry up! The bus is leaving in a few minutes!
OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem verbos que, normalmente, não são usados no Present Continuous Tense
UNIDADE IX - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES EM ANDAMENTO em ingles, muito embora o sejam em português. São eles:
1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - verbos dos sentidos- hear (ouvir), taste (saborear), smell (cheirar), see (ver) …
This fish smells bad.
 Para descrever ações que estão acontecendo agora, usamos o “Present Continuous Tense” ou
„Present Progressive” - verbos que envolvem atividade mental – know (conhecer, saber), believe (acreditar, crer),
Usamos o verbo TO BE mais o gerúndio do verbo principal. (gerúndio = ING) think (pensar, achar), understand (entender), recognize (reconhecer), remember (lembrar), forget
(esquecer), mean (significar, querer dizer)
Ex.: Afirmativa: Bob is studying now.
I don‟t recognize him.
Negativa: Bob isn‟t studying now.
- verbos que significam posse – have (ter), own (possuir), posses (possuir), belong
Interrogativa: Is Bob studying now?
(pertencer)…Nesse caso, o mesmo ocorre em português.
Interrogativa-Negativa: Ins‟t Bob studying now?
That belongs to me.
- verbos que exprimem opinião, sentimento ou desejo - want (querer), prefer (preferir),
 Quando Usar? need (precisar), appreciate (apreciar), like (gostar), dislike (não gostar), love (amar), hate (odiar,
detester), detest (detester), seem (parecer), look (parecer com)…
a) Para expressar ações que estão ocorrendo no momento em que se fala. A ação tem início antes She needs more money.
do momento da fala, continua no momento em que se fala e, provavelmente, continuará depois do
momento da fala.
LET‟S PRATICE:
I need an umbrella because it is raining.
1) Dê a forma negativa e a interrogativa das frases abaixo:

b) Quando nos referimos a um fato que está acontecendo no período (semana, mês, ano) em que
se fala, não necessariamente naquele exato momento.
a) Jane is writing now.
My sister is studying at Miami University.
b) I am drinking.
c) Peter is going to school.
c) Para descrever uma situação que está se alterando no momento ou na época em que se fala.
d) We are writing a letter.
The sky is getting cloudy.
e) I am driving Bob‟s car.
f) It is raining now.

g) Jane and Elizabeth are playing in the yard. d) _______________________________
We are not doing anything
2) Use o “Simple Present” ou o “Present Continuous Tense”.

e) ______________________________
They are not going any place this afternoon.
a) John _______________________ to school every day. (come)
b) He __________________________ now. (come)
2) Use ANYTHING ou ANY PLACE.
c) The bell __________________________ at 3 pm. (ring)
d) Listen! It ________________________________now (ring)
e) The policeman ________________ the traffic every minute. (stop) a) She is not going ____________________
f) He _____________________ the traffic now (stop) b) The students are not reading _____________________
g) We ______________________ to the movies on Sunday (go) c) I don‟t see my book _______________________
h) We ______________ to the movies now (go) d) I don‟t study ___________ on Sundays.
i) It __________________ in September (rain) e) I don‟t go ______________on Sundays.
j) Look! It ___________________ now (rain).
2. TO - PREPOSITION
A preposição TO indica a direção.
Ex.: I am going to New York.
3. ANYTHING / ANY PLACE

Usamos em frases negativas para expressar, respectivamente, NADA e NENHUM LUGAR.
Ex.: What are you doing? I‟m not doing anything.

Where are you going? I‟m not going any place.
LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Formule perguntas para as seguintes respostas:
a) _______________________________
I‟m studying my lesson.
b) _________________________________
Tom is eating an apple.
c) _______________________________
Mary is going to the lab.

UNIDADE X - FALANDO SOBRE ONTEM INTERROGATIVA
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

I?
HE ?
1 . VERB TO BE – IN THE PAST TENSE
WAS SHE ?
IT ?
Agora que já sabemos falar no presente, descrevendo hábitos do dia-a-dia e ações em
desenvolvimento, vamos começar a falar no passado.
WERE WE ?
Você vai aprender agora o seu primeiro verbo no passado, que é o Verbo “TO BE”.
YOU ?
THEY ?
AFIRMATIVA
I WAS
YOU WERE
INTERROGATIVA – NEGATIVA
HE WAS
SHE WAS
I?
IT WAS
HE ?
WE WERE
WASN‟T SHE ?
YOU WERE
IT ?
THEY WERE
WEREN‟T WE ?
NEGATIVA
YOU ?
THEY
I
?
HE WAS + NOT
SHE WASN‟T
EXEMPLOS:
IT
I was in the park yesterday.
I wasn‟t in the park yesterday.
WE WERE + NOT
Was I in the park yesterday?
YOU WEREN'T
THEY
Quando usamos o Passado Simples dos verbos, sempre temos que definir o tempo em que a ação
ocorreu.
Vejamos, então, algumas expressões de tempo que vão requerer o uso do Passado Simples:
YESTERDAY

YESTERDAY MORNING e) There are five students in the class. (yesterday morning)
YESTERDAY AFTERNOON
LAST NIGHT
2) Preencha as lacunas com o passado do verbo TO BE.
LAST WEEK
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY a) He ____________________ in Boston two years ago.
b) There _________________________many problems in the last year.
THE YEAR BEFORE THE LAST
c) The new schedule ____________ not on the bulletin board yesterday.
TWO YEARS AGO d) The lunch ____________ good yesterday.
e) They _______________in the bar one hour ago.
Comparemos agora o presente e o passado. f) Jane _____________ in the office yesterday evening.
g) Bob ________ sick last week.
h) The day before yesterday _____________Monday.
PRESENTE PASSADO i) We ______________ at the party last night.
j) Bob and Jane _____________ here at lunch time.
Today is Monday Yesterday was Sunday.
The day before yerterday was Saturday.
I am at school now. I was at home last night.
We are in Rio We were in São Paulo last week.

this week.
They are Majors now. They were Captains two years ago.
LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Ponha as frases abaixo no passado e use a expressão de tempo sugerido:
a) The weather is good today. (yesterday)
b) I am at home now. (two hours ago)
c) The students are on a picnic. (last Sunday)
d) Captain Brown is the instructor. (last semester)

UNIDADE XI - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS LET‟S PRATICE:
1 . PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 1) Use o Past Continuous Tense dos verbos entre parênteses:
Vamos aprender a descrever ações que estavam acontecendo em um determinado momento no a) I _____________________ (study) my lesson ten minutes ago.
passado. b) The plane ____________ (fly) here at nine o‟clock this morning.
c) John _____________ (drive) his car this morning.
Esse tempo se forma como o Present Continuous Tense = ING
d) We __________________ (sleep) at 6 o‟clock in the morning.
e) _____________ you __________ (read) one hour ago?
Exemplo: f) ______Bob and Jane _____(talk) at nine o‟clock last night?
I am reading now . (descreve o momento presente) 2) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa.
I was reading at 10 o‟ clock this morning (descreve o momento passado)
a) I was listening to the tape.
b) We were practicing the pronunciation.
I WAS c) The barber was cutting my hair.
d) It was raining.
YOU WERE
HE WAS 3) Ponha as frases do exercício 2 nas formas interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa:
SHE WAS + ING
IT WAS
WE WERE 2. PASSADO SIMPLES DOS VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES.
YOU WERE
THEY WERE O Passado Simples dos verbos regulares é formado pela adição da terminação ED.
Afirmativa: He was reading. WAIT – WAITED

Interrogativa: Was he reading? WORK – WORKED
Negativa: He was not (wasn‟t) reading. OPEN – OPENED
Interrogativa-Negativa: Wasn‟t he reading? ARRIVE – ARRIVED
Vamos utilizar, então, o Past Continuous Tense para descrever uma ação em desenvolvimento num Contudo, em Inglês, há verbos irregulares. Eles têm formas especiais no Passado Simples.
determinado momento no passado. Vejamos alguns dos verbos mais comuns:
I was sleeping 5 minutes ago.

I was studying at 6 o‟clock yesterday afternoon.

VERB PAST TENSE FORM
GO WENT
c) It rains.
GET GOT
HAVE HAD
SEE SAW d) She goes to school.
HEAR HEARD
SPEAK SPOKE
e) The teacher listens to the programs.
READ READ
WRITE WROTE
f) They speak English.
FLY FLEW
EAT ATE
DRIVE DROVE g) He arrives at six o‟clock.
SLEEP SLEPT
LEAVE LEFT
h) They drink some coffee.
COME CAME
RING RANG
i) The Captain smokes a cigarette.
No Passado Simples, usamos a mesma forma para todas as pessoas. Ao empregar o Passado
Simples dos verbos de ação, temos sempre que definir quando a ação ocorreu.
j) The mechanic repairs the car.

Exemplo:
I worked at school yesterday. 2) Use o Passado Simples ou o Presente Simples dos verbos entre parênteses. Observe o tempo
We saw a film last night. indicado na frase.
He drove to school this morning.

a) The bus _____________ (arrive) at 12 a.m. every day.
b) The students ___________(walk) home last night.
LET‟S PRATICE: c) I ______________________(see) a good film last weekend.
d) The instructors ___________(eat) lunch at the cafeteria every day.
e) He __________ (get) up very early this morning.
1) Ponha as seguintes frases no Passado Simples e use uma expressão de tempo definido no
f) The rain ________ (leave) ten minutes ago.
passado. g) We _______________(write) our exercises at home every evening.
h) They ___________ (wash) their cars last week.
a) I want a tape.
3.Nós vimos , então, que quando empregamos o Past Continuous Tense temos que definir o
b) We read the lesson. momento . Este momento pode ser descrito por uma ação no Simple Past. A ação que estava

em desenvolvimento será expressa pelo Past Continuous Tense e a ação completada será a) He (read) Mary (arrive)
expressa pelo Simple Past. Estas ações estão conectadas pelas conjunções WHEN (quando) e
WHILE (enquanto).
b) We (play the guitar) he (arrive)

AÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO CONJUNÇÃO AÇÃO COMPLETADA
I WAS COMING HOME WHEN I SAW THE ACCIDENT
JANE WAS STUDYING WHEN THE TELEPHONE RANG.
c) Bill (dance) Jennifer (leave)
IT WAS RAINING WHEN I LEFT HOME.
THE STUDENTS WERE SPEAKING WHEN THE TEACHER ARRIVED.
I LISTENED TO THE MUSIC WHILE I WAS WALKING.
d) The plane (fly) it (star to rain)
THE BOY HURT HIS FOOT WHILE HE WAS PLAYING SOCCER.
OUTRA FORMA DE COMPREENDERMOS ESTA RELAÇÃO: e) The sun (shine) I (get up)
WHEN CONECTA ORAÇÃO NO PAST SIMPLE.
WHILE CONECT ORAÇÃO NO PAST CONTINUOUS.
EXEMPLOS:
f) I (go to bed) the bell (ring)
I WAS TALKING ON THE PHONE WHEN I HEARD A TERRIBLE NOISE.
(Eu estava falando ao telephone quando eu ouvi um barulho horrível.)
Mary was listening to music while Peter was cooking.
2)Preencha as lacunas, usando a forma apropriada do verbo entre parênteses no Simple Past ou no
(Mary estava ouvindo música enquanto Peter estava cozinhando.) Duas ações simultâneas. Past Continuous Tense.
THEY DID ALL THE EXERCISES WHILE MARY WAS DRIVING.
(Eles fizeram todos os exercícios enquanto Mary estava dirigindo). a) The students ______________ (talk) in Portuguese when Captain Brown came in.
b) They __________________(study) English last night.
c) She __________________ (get up) when the bell rang.
OBSERVAÇÃO: NO LUGAR DE WHILE, PODE-SE USAR AS. EXEMPLO: AS SHE WAS d) While I _____________________ (walk) down the street, I saw my friend.
COMING HOME, I LEFT. (COMO ELA ESTAVA CHEGANDO EM CASA, EU SAÍ.) e) Bob _________________(watch) TV last night.
f) He ________________(eat) his lunch, when he heard the bell.
g) The boys ___________________(wash) their cars yesterday.
h) They ___________(play) baskett when the coach arrived.
LET‟S PRATICE: i) The sun ________________ (shine) when I got up.
j) It _______________________(rain) hard last night.
1)Follow the model:
I (study) / telephone (ring): I was studying when the telephone rang.

3)Reescreva as frases, usando o o Simple Past ou Past Continuous Tense dos verbos entre
parênteses.

UNIDADE XII - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS
a) We (eat) lunch when Jane (arrive).
1 . FORMA INTERROGATIVA
b) He (sleep) when his friend (call) him.
Quando nós estudamos a forma interrogativa dos verbos no Presente, aprendemos a empregar o
auxiliar DO / DOES. No Passado, vamos usar DID, que é a forma pretérita de DO. A colocação de
DID vai ser exatamente como a de DO / DOES.
c) It (rain) hard this morning when we (leave) home.
Exemplo: DO you drink milk? DID you drink milk?

d) She (drink) coffee when we (meet) her. DOES he drink milk? DID he drink milk?
ATENÇÃO! Quando usamos o DID, já temos a indicação de que nossa frase está no passado, logo o
e) While I (read) the newspaper, I (see) his picture. verbo principal mantém sua forma básica.
Afirmativa: I worked yesterday.

f) The plane (fly) when the weather (change)
Interrogativa: DID I work yesterday?
g) Mr Smith (watch) TV when Mrs Smith (arrive). 2. FORMA NEGATIVA

A negativa do presente é DON‟T ou DOESN‟T, a do Passado será somente DIDN‟T. (DID NOT) –
PARA TODAS AS PESSOAS DO DISCURSO: I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY DIDN‟T...
h) The students (do) the exercises when the bell (ring).
I didn‟t work yesterday.
i) We (wait) for the bus when it (begin) to rain.

3. FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
Esta forma será expressa pelo DIDN‟T antes do sujeito.
j) Peter (get) up earlier while his wife (travel). Didn‟t I work yesterday?
4. RESPOSTAS CURTAS.
Yes, I did
No, I didn‟t.

LET‟S PRATICE: b) Did Bob call me yesterday?
1) Ponha as seguintes frases nas formas negativa e interrogativa.

c) Did the cat drink milk at lunch time?
a) She bought a car last week.

d) Did Jane come to school last Monday?
b) He drank a glass of milk for breakfast.

e) Did the officers catch the plane two hours ago?
c) We attended the football game last Sunday.

f) Did You and Bob go there yesterday?
d) He took the bus early in the morning.
e) She left home an hour ago.
f) They enjoyed the visit to the museum.
g) They came home at 10 last night.
h) They had a big lunch today.
i) It rained hard last Sunday.
j) The class began earlier.
2)Responda às seguintes perguntas, usando respostas curtas afirmativas e negativas:
a) Did you open the book this morning?

UNIDADE XIII - FALANDO SOBRE O FUTURO FORMA NEGATIVA
SUJEITO AUXILIAR NEGATIVO VERBO

1. FUTURE TENSE
I COME
Na forma afirmativa, o auxiliar WILL é colocado à frente do verbo, que será usado em sua forma YOU TAKE
básica (simples). HE GO
A mesma forma WILL se aplica a todas as pessoas. SHE WILL NOT HEAR
IT COME
FORMA AFIRMATIVA WE WON‟T TAKE
YOU GO
SUJEITO AUXILIAR VERBO THEY HEAR
I COME
YOU TAKE FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
HE GO
SHE WILL HEAR AUXILIAR NEGATIVO SUJEITO VERBO
IT COME I COME ?
WE TAKE YOU TAKE ?
YOU GO HE GO ?
THEY HEAR WON‟T SHE HEAR ?
IT COME ?
FORMA INTERROGATIVA WE TAKE ?
YOU GO ?
AUXILIAR SUJEITO VERBO THEY HEAR ?
I COME?
YOU TAKE? Resumindo:
HE GO? Para afirmar: I Will take.
WILL SHE HEAR? Para negar: I will not take.
IT COME ? Para perguntar: Will I take?
WE TAKE? Para confirmar: Won‟t I take?
YOU GO?
THEY HEAR?

FORMAS CONTRATAS LET‟S PRATICE:
„ ll + VERBO WON‟T + VERBO 1) Form the future tense of the verbs in parentheses.
I‟LL I WON‟T
YOU‟LL YOU WON‟T a) She ____________________ (invite) us for dinner tonight.
b) He _______________________(come) to school tomorrow.
HE‟LL HE WON‟T c) They _______________________ (speak) English in a short time.
SHE‟LL SHE WON‟T d) I ______________(go) home after class.
e) You ________________(have) a test next Monday.
IT‟LL TAKE IT WON‟T f) We _____________________(leave) for Paris soon.
WE‟LL WE WON‟T
YOU‟LL YOU WON‟T 2) Make negative and interrogative sentences.
THEY‟LL THEY WON‟T

a) He will meet me tonight.
RESPOSTAS CURTAS:
b) Jane will take a taxi home.
Como em todos os casos que vimos até agora, na resposta curta no futuro, também usamos
somente o auxiliar.
c) They will return to New York next weekend.
Will you come tomorrow? Yes, I will
No, I won‟t d) I will need you in ten minutes.
Will Bob take the bus ? Yes, he will.

e) They will listen to the tapes in the lab.
No, he won‟t.
. Agora que já sabemos todas as formas, vejamos o uso do futuro simples. f) Tom will eat lunch in the cafeteria today.
Como o próprio nome indica, usamos o SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE para descrever uma ação que se
desenvolverá no futuro. Para isso, estudaremos agora expressões de tempo que indicam futuro.
g) It will rain tomorrow.
TOMORROW
h) Bob will watch tv tonight.
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW
NEXT WEEK
TONIGHT  Além da forma básica de expressar o futuro com o auxiliar WILL, temos também outras
SOON maneiras de comunicar uma idéia futura através da expressão de um desejo, um plano, uma
expectativa, uma esperança ou uma possibilidade.
LATER ON

Vejamos alguns exemplos:
INTERROGATIVA
Desejo: I want to travel to Miami next month. WANT

Plano: I plan to eat lunch downtown today. DO I PLAN TO STUDY ?
Expectativa: I expect to have my car next week. EXPECT
Esperança: I hope to win the lottery. HOPE
Quanto à expressão de uma possibilidade futura, nós empregamos o modal MAY. Já os modais MAY e MIGHT seguem as regras dos auxiliares.
Ex.: I may see a film tonight.

AFIRMATIVA
Eu estou, neste caso, prevendo alguma coisa que poderá acontecer.
MAY
I MIGHT STUDY
Se a possibilidade for ainda mais fraca, usaremos o modal MIGHT.
Ex.: I might see a film tonight.
NEGATIVA
Comparemos as formas de maneira percentual:
MAY NOT
I will go (estou 100% certo)
I MIGHT NOT STUDY
I may go (estou 50% certo)
I might go (estou 10% certo)
Agora, vamos às estruturas: INTERROGATIVA
Os verbos WANT, PLAN, EXPECT e HOPE são verbos principais. Logo, para fazermos as formas MAY
negativa e interrogativa, temos que usar o auxiliar “DO”.
MIGHT I STUDY ?
AFIRMATIVA
WANT
LET‟S PRATICE:
I PLAN TO STUDY.
EXPECT 1) Follow the model:
HOPE
Do you hope to listen to the tape soon?Yes, I hope to listen to the tape soon.
NEGATIVA
a) Does Bob expect to be a good student?
WANT
I DON‟T PLAN TO STUDY.
EXPECT b) May he go to school tomorrow?
HOPE

c) Might she be here tonight?
INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO
d) Do you plan to read a new book next week?
Next month, Bob will be on vacation. He will take a trip to Europe. He will fly to Europe. The
trip will take 8 hours. He expects to stay there for a month, because he wants to see all the sights.
e) Does Margareth want to see that film tonight? Bob may not have time to see all of them.
He will return next month. His class will begin on Sep. 1 st . He hopes to have a good time.
Answer the questions about the text.
f) May they write the letters tomorrow afertnoon?
a) When will Bob take his vacation?

g) Might Bob read Elizabeth‟s letter tonight? b) Where will Bob take a trip to?
c) How will he go?
d) How long will the trip take?
e) Why will he stay there for a month?
h) Do you plan to meet Bill today? f) What may Bob not have time to do?
g) What does he hope to have?
i) Does Mary expect to visit him?
j) Do they want to have lunch there?
2) Give the negative and the interrogative form of the following sentences:
a) You plan to buy a new car tomorrow.
b) Tom may take a test next week.
c) They hope to see the game on Sunday.
d) We expect to pass the examination.
e) Bob wants to drink some beer.

UNIDADE XIV - FALANDO SOBRE O FUTURO They are going to walk home after lunch.
Is the doctor going to see you this afternoon?
1. GOING TO - FUTURE
A expressão “TO BE GOING TO”, usada como um substantivo do futuro, corresponde ao nosso “IR
Observe the dialogue: + INFINITIVO”.
“What are you going to do tonight? Eu vou ver tv hoje à noite.
I‟m going to work . I‟m going to prepare tomorrow‟s briefing. And you?
I don‟t know.” LET‟S PRATICE:
Complete the sentences using “to be going to”. Use the verbs in parentheses:
Nós usamos a expressão “TO BE GOING TO” como um substituto para o futuro. Ela também é
chamada “FUTURO INTENCIONAL”. É muito coloquial. 1. They _________________________________us next weekend (call)
Vejamos como formá-la: 2. Tom ____________________________Jane for dinner (invite)
3. The weather ________________before 6 o‟clock (change)
4. The porter ____________________your luggage. (carry)
SUJEITO TO BE (PRESENTE) GOING TO PRINCIPAL VERB 5. The sudents _______________________________to the tape after class (listen)
6. Mr and Mrs Jones ___________________ plane reservations. (make)
I AM GOING TO SEE 7. _________________you ___________your baggage? (check)
YOU ARE GOING TO TAKE 8. The students ___________________________a break (take)
9. What ___________________we____________________tonight?(do)
HE IS GOING TO SWIN 10. The train _____________________late (be)
SHE IS GOING TO PLAY
IT IS GOING TO EAT 2. SUBSTANTIVOS CONTÁVEIS E INCONTÁVEIS
WE ARE GOING TO SEE
YOU ARE GOING TO SWIN Em Inglês, os substantivos, no que concerne ao número, são divididos em duas classes. Aqueles
que expressam coisas que nós podemos contar e são chamados “Count nouns” e aqueles que
THEY ARE GOING TO EAT
expressam uma quantidade de matéria que não podemos contar e são chamados “Mass Nouns”
Os “count nouns” têm plural, mas os “mass nouns” só existem no singular.
As formas interrogativa e negativa seguem as regras do verbo TO BE
COUNT NOUNS MASS NOUNS

As mesmas expressões de tempo usadas com o Futuro Simples serão usadas com “TO BE GOING
DOLLARS MONEY
TO”.
BOOKS PAPER
Vejamos mais exemplos: HOURS TIME
I‟m going to watch TV tonight. GLASSES MILK
What are you going to do next weekend? CUPS

Para indicar pequena quantidade usamos: RESUMINDO, usamos com:
COUNT NOUNS MASS NOUNS COUNT NOUNS (plural) MASS NOUNS COUNT / MASS NOUNS
FEW LITTLE FEW LITTLE SOME / ANY
A FEW A LITTLE A FEW A LITTLE A LOT OF
MANY MUCH
Ex. Few things
Few lozenges LET‟S PRATICE
A few boxes
A few cotton balls a) Use MUCH or MANY.
Little lotion 1. There weren‟t ________________people at the suppermarket.

2. There wasn‟t _________________coffee in the cup.
Little astringent 3. We didn‟t duy ________________apples last week.
A little ether 4. Peter hasn‟t lost _______________money in that investment.
5. I don‟t have _______________time to study.
A little cotton 6. There isn‟t ____________food in the freezer.
7. I don‟t drink _____________cups of coffee a day.
8. Our instructor doesn‟t give us ________________ homework every day.
 Para indicar quantidade média, usamos SOME (ANY) com Count Nouns e Mass Nouns. 9. There aren‟t ___________________cashiers at that bank.
Ex.: some toothpaste 10. Do you have _____________problems at school?
Some aspirin
b) Use LITTLE or FEW
 Para indicar grandes quantidades usamos:
1. I have _________money.
COUNT NOUNS MASS NOUNS 2. We bought __________ paper this morning.
MANY MUCH 3. Tom drank _____________glasses of water at lunch.
4. The soldiers marched for _____________hours last night
5. Supermarkets have _________________ attendants.
Exemplo: 6. I want to see ____places.
7. They have _______________experience
Many bottles 8. Do you need _______time to learn English?
Much lotion 9. John had ________juice this morning.
10. We have _________plans for vacation.
ATENÇÃO! MANY e MUCH são raramente usados em afirmações. Deste modo, usamos A LOT
OF para indicar grande quantidade de “Count” e “mass nouns” na forma afirmativa. Em
c) Make the sentences negative. Make the necessary changes.
contrapartida, A LOT OF não deve ser usado em frases negativas.
1. We‟ll visit a lot of places this summer.

I have a lot of cologne.
I don‟t have many cotton balls.

2. He likes to eat a lot of fruit for breakfast.
Do you have any eggs? Yes, I have some.
No, I don‟t have any.
3. John showed his girlfriend a lot of restaurants.
No, I have no eggs
4. Teachers have to prepare a lot of exercises. Lembre-se de que o inglês não admite dupla negativa na oração, coisa muito comum e, às vezes,
obrigatória em nosso idioma.
Enquanto dizemos: Não há nada na geladeira
5. Our students learn a lot of grammar.
Em ingles se diz: There is nothing in the fridge
Ou ainda: There isn‟t anything in the fridge.
6. I have a lot of things to do today.
 Atente para a diferença entre few e a few. Observe que a few equivale a some (algum).
Tanto um quanto outro acompanham substantivos no plural.
I have few friends in Rio. (poucos)

I have a few friends in Rio. (alguns)
 Atente, agora, para a diferença entre little e a little, que são usados no singular. Aqui, a
little, além de equivaler a some, também significa um pouco de.
We have little time to act. (pouco)

A little patience doesn‟t hurt anybody. (um pouco de)
3. SOME, ANY, NO
SOME e seus compostos são usados em frases afirmativas.

ANY e seus compostos são usados em frases negativas e interrogativas. Em frases
afirmativas usamos ANY com sentido de qualquer.
NO e seus compostos são usados em frases afirmativas.
I need some eggs to make a cake.

UNIDADE XV- INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO PFT, a cadet has to do 60 sit-ups, 60 push-ups, and run 2 miles. Weight lifting is also important to
help develop good muscle tone.
1. MODAL SHALL
Vocabulário:
Empregamos SHALL em perguntas e somente com as primeiras pessoas do singular e plural.
(to) exercise / (to) take exercise – fazer ginástica

Ex.: SHALL I ........?
(to) go jogging – fazer uma corrida lenta
SHALL WE ..........?
(to) run – correr
gym – ginásio
Usamos esta forma quando estamos pedindo uma opinião ou confirmação sobre algo que vamos
(to) be fit – estar em boa condição física
fazer. É uma forma polida, considerada como estratégia de polidez.
(to) Keep fit – manter a forma física
(to) fish – pescar
Ex.: Shall I close the window?
(to) be up – estar de pé (acordado)
Shall we go to the movies tonight?
retired – aposentado / na reserva
What shall I do now?
(to) leave for – partir para
(to) try out – treinar para teste (esportivo)
INTREPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO
tryout – teste (esportivo)
(to) miss – perder
SPORTS IN MILITARY LIFE
(to) come over – vir
physical fitness – aptidão física
Students in the American schools have many physical fitness activities.
training program – programa de treinamento físico
Cadets at the US Military Academy, for example, maintain very good physical condition. The
Academic‟s physical training program consists of physical education classes, organized athletics athletics – atletismo
and personal conditioning. conditioning – condicionamento
The physical education (PE) department teaches boxing, wrestling, swimming and gymnastics to boxing – boxe
first-year cadets. For upperclassmen, there is a variety of other sports. These including skiing, golf, wrestling – luta livre
tennis, scuba diving, unarmed combat, squash and others.
upperclassmen – cadetes veteranos
Cadets also participate in some form of organized athletic activities.
swimming – natação
Some participate in intercollegiate sports, where they represent the Academy in competitions
gymnastics – ginástica
against other universities. Each cadet plays on one of the 9 company teams. During the winter
season, cadets compete in indoor sports such as volleyball, basketball, racketball and handball, skiing – esqui
during the spring and fall seasons, they compete in outdoors sports, such as cross crountry, scuba diving – mergulho autônomo
football or soccer.Personal conditioning is also very important. Cadets exercise to prepare for unarmed combat – combate corpo a corpo
quaterly physical fitness tests (PFT). They run and pratice doing the required exercises. To pass the
competion – competição
team – equipe

indoor sports – esporte em recinto fechado UNIDADE XVI - NOTAS IMPORTANTES
outdoor sports – esporte ao ar livre
cross-country – corrida rústica 1. THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES
soccer – futebol
football – futebol americano a)The definite article (THE)
sit-up – abdominal
push-up – flexão de braço The definite article is used only when the thing or person mentioned is clearly defined.
pull-up – barra
weight lifting – halterofilismo Ex.: The books which are on the table are Peter‟s.
(to) develop – desenvolver
muscle tone – mônus muscular Cases in which the definite article is NOT used:
quaterly – trimestral
(to) maintain – manter I – The definite article is not used when we speak of something in a general use.
(to) participate – participar Ex.: Books are necessary for a good education.
(to) compete – competir
II – The definite article is not used before proper nouns.
Answer the questions: Ex.: Susan and Jane are close friends.
Fifth Avenue is a wide avenue in New York.
a) What do cadets maintain?
b) What does the physical training program consist of? But there are some compounds which are exceptions:
c) What does the PE department teach firs-year cadets?
d) What about upperclassmen? The United States
e) What do cadets participate in? The Soviet Union
f) Where does each cadet play?
g) What kind of sports do cadets compete in? The Dominican Republic
h) Why is personal conditioning important?
i) How do cadets prepare for the PFT?
III – The definite article is not used before possessives.
Ex.: His composition is very good.
Cases in which the definite article has to be used:
I – Before names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges, forests, newspapers, bridges, tunnels.
Ex.:
The Hudson River

The Atlantic Ocean
The Alps 1. The indefinite article is not used with uncountable nouns. In the case of countable nouns the
The Times indefinite article is used only if the noun in singular.
The Amazon Ex. I have a pen
The Golden gate Bridge

The Sears Building 2. The indefinite article is used when the thing or person mentioned is not clearly defined.
The Holland Tunnel Ex.: There is a book on the table (no particular book)
Sam took a girl to the movies yesterday (we don‟t know which girl)
b)The indefinite article (A / AN)

3.With a noun complement, including the names of professions:
I – Form Ex.: He is a student
The indefinite article takes two forms, A and AN. She is a nice girl
Tom Roberts is a lawyer.
A is used before a word beggining with a consonant:

A boy 4.In certain numerical expressions:
A girl a couple
a great many
Or before a word beggining with a vowel sounded like a consonant: a hundred
A university a thousand
A European car
5. In certain exclamations before singular, uncountable nouns:
AN is used before words beggining with a vowel sound, including words which begin with a silent What a pity!
h: What a shame!
An apple
An hour c) The difference between A / AN and ONE
An egg When we do not want to emphasize the quantity, we use A / AN.
Ex.: What‟s on the table? There‟s a book.
Note that it is the pronunciation, not the spelling, of a word beggining with a vowel that determines ONE is use only when it is desired to emphasize the number.
whether a or an is used before it: Ex.: How many teachers are in the classroom? There‟s only one teacher there.
A useful suggestion (the u of “useful” is pronounced the same as the word “you”)
An enormous elephant ( the e of “enormous” is pronounced like the ea in “eat”)
II – Usage

2. PREPOSITIONS (*) When talking about subjects one is studying at school, it is also common to say “He‟s good in
math” (note the analogy with “He‟s weak in math”). To say “he‟s good at math” means he has a
a. Prepositions that follow adjectives and verbs natural aptitude for math and, therefore, “He‟s good in math (class)”.
I – Following adjectives: - accustomed to something or someone ( + verb in the gerund)

- able to (+ verb) - anxious about sth or someone
- absent from something - careful of sth or someone (usually as a warning)
- angry with someone - careful with sth or someone (usually when holding in the hands)
- angry about or at something - eager for someone to do sth (+ verb in the infinitive)
- addicted to - eager for sth
- aware of - eager to (+ verb in the infinitive)
- capable of (+ verb in the gerund) - engaged to someone
- certain of - lucky at sth
- delight with - lucky to (+ verb in the infinitive)
- fond of - married to someone
- glad about something - sorry about sth
- glad to (+ verb) - sorry for someone
- good at something (*) - surprised at sth or someone
- impossible for someone - worried about sth or someone
- involved in sth
- involved with a person II – Following verbs
- kwon for - agree with or to sth
- polite to - agree with someone
- agree with + clause (I don‟t agree with what you‟re saying)
- present at something - assign to
- rude to - become of
- brag about
- ruthless with - congratulate on sth
- satisfied with - compliment on sth
- deal with
- sensible about
- dream of being or becoming sth
- sure of something - dream of or dream about sth when sleeping
- tired of (refers to a feeling over a period of time) - explain to someone
- jump over sth or someone
- tired out (refers to a physical fatigue) - laugh at sth or someone
- upset by- weak in something - move to somewhere
- smile at sth or someone
- throw sth to someone (with no intention of hitting the person)

- throw sth at someone or sth (with the intention of hitting the person or thing) Scarcely
- apologize to someone for sth
Too
- depend on or upon someone or sth
- fail in sth (**) Very
- forgive someone for sth
- point sth at someone
- point to or at sth (with the fingers) An adverb of degree modifies an adjective, another adverb or a verb – when modifying an
- shout about sth adjective or another adverb:
- shout at someone (when quarreling) - it is placed before the adjective or adverb
- shout for sth (when asking for sth) ex.: It‟s too cold in New York in winter.
- shout to someone (to attract attention)
- stare at someone or sth
- take a test in sth When modifying a verb
- receive from
- reward for - it is placed before the main verb and after the anomalous verb.
- tell about Ex.: The bus is nearly ran over the dog.
- thank for
II – Adberbs of frequency:
(**) Note: It is also common to use “to fail” without a preposition
Ex.: He failed physics.
Always
Ever
Attention! The world “exam” cannot be preceded by “in”
Never
Ex.: She failed her physics exam.
Occasionally
Rarely
3.THE POSITION OF ADVERBS Sometimes
Once
There are six kinds os adverbs. Twice
Hardly ever
I – Adverbs of degree: The adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb and after the anomalous verb.
Almost Ex.: I always get to work on time.
Fairly (very)
Hardly III – Adverbs of manner:
Just Badly
Nearly (almost) Bravely
Quite Fast
Rather Happily
Really (rarely) Hard

Kindly – tenderly These adverbs are normally placed at the very beginning or at the very end of a clause or
Quickly sentence, the end position being the more common.
Well Ex.: Soon all of the birds will have flown away.
The adverbs of manner are placed after the direct object if there is one -, and if not after the VI - Interrogative adverbs:
intransitive verb How
Adverbs of manner with LY endings (with a few exceptions such as nicely, badly, poorly, When
beautifully) may also be placed before the verb, especially when there are other modifiers of the Where
verb or object.
Why
Ex.: The soldiers defended the town bravely.
What
Adverbs of manner are never placed after a transitive verb.
Which
IV – Adverbs of place:
Ex.: How did you come here?
By
Down
VII – Below is the regular order of adverbs or adverbials when they occur in a
Everywhere sentence:
Here
Near PLACE + MANNER + FREQUENCY + TIME
There Ex.: I‟m going to New York by plane next month.
Up Note: For these adverbs of manner which must always be placed immediately after the verb, the
normal order is the following:
Like adverbs of manner, adverbs of place are usually placed after the direct object if there is one; MANNER + PLACE + TIME
if not after the intransitive verb.
Ex.: Susan danced nicely at the theater last night.
Ex.: Mom looked for those old blankets everywhere in the house.
When there is more than one adverb or adverbials modifying the verb or object, a single-worl
adverb indicating manner, frequency, or time is frequently placed before the verb.
V – Adverbs of time:
Ex.: Peter always sees Mary at the restaurant at noon.
Now
Soon
However, the order of adverbs stated above can be changed when the seaker wishes to give a
Still special emphasis to one adverb or when he wishes to give variety to this sentence order.
Then - emphasis given to an adverb of time
Today (tomorrow; tonight) ex.: Next month I‟m going to New York by plane.
When - emphasis given to an adverb of manner
ex.: Last night at the theater Susan danced nicely.
Yesterday
Yet

Indefinite pronouns and adjectives Any - algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, um, uns, uma, umas, qualquer
Do you have any talent for music?
À semelhança dos pronomes demonstrativos e possessivos, os pronomes indefinidos podem ser
substantivos (indefinite pronouns), quando os substituem, ou adjetivos (indefinite adjectives), Anybody, anyone – alguém, qualquer um
quando qualificam os substantivos.
I didn‟t see anybody downstairs
Para facilitar o estudo dos pronomes indefinidos, vamos dividi-los em grupos, segundo a forma
Anything – alguma coisa, qualquer coisa
como são empregados:
Although Bill was hungry, he didn‟t eat anything.
- referindo-se a pessoa, coisa ou lugar indefinidos (alguém, ninguém, nenhum, alguns, etc)
- dando idéia de conjunto indefinido (todo, tudo, cada, etc)
Anywhere – em algum lugar, em qualquer lugar
- dando idéia de quantidade indefinida (muito, pouco, algum, etc)
Did you go anywhere on the weekend?
a) PESSOA, COISA OU LUGAR INDEFINIDOS – SOME, ANY, NO, NONE

Anyway – de alguma maneira, de qualquer jeito
Anyway, I‟ll do what you want.
Antes de apresentar os indefinidos deste grupo, salientamos que:
No (adjetivo) – nenhum, nenhuma

SOME e seus compostos são usados em frases afirmativas.
I have no money in the bank.
ANY e seus compostos são usados em frases negativas e interrogativas e em frases
afirmativas com sentido de qualquer.
None (substantivo) – nenhum, nenhuma
Some – algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, um, uns, uma, umas, um pouco de Do you have any book?
Some words are difficult to remember. No, I have none.
Somebody, someone – alguém Nobody, no one – ninguém
Somebody (someone) called and left a message for you. Nobody (no one) is listening to him.
Something – alguma coisa Nothing – nada
I gave him something to eat. There is nothing in the fridge.
Somewhere – em algum lugar Nowhere – nenhum lugar
I saw your keys somewhere in this house. She is nowhere in this building.
Somehow – de alguma maneira, de algum jeito 1 – Some e any podem ser pronomes adjetivos (indefinite adjectives) ou pronomes substantivos
(indefinite pronouns), porém o mesmo não ocorre com No. No é pronome adjetivo, enquanto
George is a persistent fellow; somehow he‟ll get what he wants.
none, seu correspondente, é pronome substantivo.

I have some eggs to make a cake. (ajetivo) EXERCÍCIOS
Do you have any eggs? (adjetivo)
Yes, I have some. (pronome) a) Complete as frases com o indefinido apropriado:
No, I don‟t have any. (pronome)
No, I have no eggs. (adjetivo) 1. We don‟t have __________bread at home, so don‟t forget to bring ______from the baker‟s.
No, I have none. (pronome). 2. You haven‟t eaten __________all day, so you must be hungry. Would you like _______to eat
now?
2 – Lembre-se de que o inglês não admite dupla negativa na oração, coisa muito comum e, às 3. Have you seen ___________good movies lately?
vezes, obrigatória em português. 4. You can buy coke almost __________in Brazil?
Enquanto dizemos: 5. __________ people are so naïve that they believe the silliest stories!
Não há nada na geladeira. 6. I left my car keys _________in the house, but I can‟t remember where.
Em inglês se diz: 7. A: Is there __________at the gate?
There is nothing in the fridge. B: No, there‟s ________there.
There isn‟t anything in the fridge. 8. I have _______to tell you but it‟s a secret; so, don‟t tell ____________about it!
Podemos concluir que, em inglês, há duas formas de elaborar orações com indefinidos, evitando a 9. If you see ___________suspicious-looking person near the house, call the police.
dupla negativa. A forma com ANY é mais popular. 10. These puzzles are easy: ____________can solve them.
11. The man was practically dead, but _______________ he survived.
3 – Any e seus compostos em frases afirmativas têm o sentido de qualquer. 12. Are you sure that ________was waving to us from across the street?
Take any book you like.
B) Entre as alternativas abaixo, aponte aquela que completa corretamente todas as frases
4 – Em frases com if (se), ainda que afirmativas, normalmente se deve usar any e seus seguintes:
compostos.
If you meet any of my friends, give them my regards. 1. There isn‟t _______paper in that drawer.
2. I‟m sure I saw that girl _________before.
3. If you want ________from the fridge, just take it!
5 – Dissemos no início que some e seus compostos são empregados em frases afirmativas. Porém, 4. Do you have ________experience as a carpenter? No, I have _________.
como toda regra, esta também tem sua exceção. Emprega-se some, something, somebody e 5. Would you like __________to drink?
someone em perguntas, quando se espera ouvir uma resposta afirmativa, especialmente ao se
oferecer alguma coisa, na maioria das vezes comida ou bebida. a) any – somewhere – something – any – no one – something
b) some – somewhere – anything – some – nothing – anything
c) any – anywhere – something – any – none - something
Would you like someone to help you?
d) any – somewhere – anything – any – none – something
Would you like some beer?
Would you like something to eat?

b) CONJUNTO INDEFINIDO – EVERY, ALL, EACH 4. MODAL VERBS
Neste grupo, os indefinidos dão idéia de conjunto. Na verdade, trata-se mais de uma questão de O que é um MODAL VERB?
vocabulário. Em inglês, esses indefinidos concordam com o verbo no singular.
O MODAL VERB é um tipo especial de verbo auxiliar que é usado junto com um verbo principal,
alterando-lhe o sentido. De modo geral, indicam possibilidade, obrigação, dedução, permissão,
Everybody is here. habilidade, vontade, desejo ou ainda, o tom da conversa (formal/informal). São eles: can, could,
Everything is all right. may , might , must , ought, shall, should, will, would.
Com ALL, porém, o verbo concorda com o substantive que o segue. Os modal verbs podem ser chamados também de modal auxiliaries ou apenas modals.
All the students are here. Grosso modo, poderíamos dizer que a maioria dos MODALS equivale a poder e dever. Em
português, tanto um quanto outro podem expressar situações diversas. Em inglês, porém, para
cada situação há um MODAL mais adequado. Observe:
Every, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, all, each, either (one), neither (one),
May I use your umbrella? (permissão) - Posso usar seu guarda-chuva?
another, enough, most, most of.
He may be in the library. (possibilidade) - Ele epode estar na biblioteca.
She must be at the beauty salon (dedução) – Ela deve estar no salão de beleza
c) QUANTIDADE INDEFINIDA – MUCH, MANY, LITTLE, FEW…
You should see a dentist. (conselho) – Você deveria ir a um dentista.
Much e little acompanham substantivos no singular (uncountable nouns)

Antes de vermos cada um dos MODAL VERBS, daremos algumas informações preliminares para
Many e few acompanham substantivos no plural. (countable nouns)
auxiliar seu estudo.
Obs.: A few = alguns

1 – Os MODAL VERBS não existem na forma infinitiva.
Few = poucos
2 – Eles são sempre seguidos por verbos no infinitivo sem TO. A única exceção fica por conta de
I have few friends in Rio (poucos) OUGHT.
I have a few friends in Rio. (alguns) He can swin. – Ele pode (sabe) nadir.
She must study. – Ela deve estudar
Obs.: Little = pouco They ought to pay the rent. – Eles deveriam pagar o aluguel.
A little = um pouco de
3 – Os MODAL VERBS nunca são flexionados. Ou seja, não levam s na 3ª pessoa do singular
(simple present), nem formam gerúndio (ing) ou passado (ed).
4 – Podem ser acompanhados pelo auxiliar BE, freqüentemente seguido de gerúndio, expressando
tempo presente ou futuro, ou pelo auxiliar HAVE seguido de particípio, expressando tempo
passado.

They might be studying – Eles podem estar estudando. pergunta Shall I open the
The game will be starting at five – O jogo estará começando às cinco window?
Joe may have seen the film already. Joe já pode ter visto o filme. Shall we go to the
movies?
5 – Nunca são acompanhados pelo auxiliar DO (DO, DOES, DID). Porém, quando DO é verbo
principal, é perfeitamente cabível.
I can do it – Eu posso faze-lo
Salientamos que este ultimo uso de SHALL é muito frequente na linguagem coloquial.
6 – Para a forma negativa, acrescenta-se um NOT.
4.2 – SHOULD – OUGHT TO
CAN CANNOT (CAN‟T)

MAY MAY NOT SHOULD e OUGHT TO têm basicamente o mesmo sentido, sendo OUGHT TO mais formal. Ambos
expressam conselho, advertência, obrigação ou expectativa, correspondendo a deveria em
MUST MUST NOT (MUSTN‟T)
português.
SHALL SHALL NOT (SHAN‟T)
WILL WILL NOT (WON‟T) You should see a doctor. (You ought to see a doctor).
COULD COULD NOT (COULDN‟T)
MIGHT MIGHT NOT (MIGHTN‟T  OUGHT TO é o único modal que é seguido por verbo no infinitivo com TO.
OUGHT TO OUGHT NOT TO (OUGHTN‟T TO)  Em alguns casos, principalmente, quando expressam conselho, advertência, SHOULD e OUGHT
SHOULD SHOULD NOT (SHOULDN‟T) TO podem ser traduzidos por devia.
WOULD WOULD NOT (WOULDN‟T)
 SHOULD também é usado para:
Observação:
. WILL e SHALL são exceções! São os únicos modals que indicam especificamente o tempo, no a) expressar ou pedir opinião
caso, futuro. I think Paul should be more polite! (Acho que Paul deveria ser mais educado!)
. Convém salientar que, em alguns casos, COULD é o passado de CAN.
4.1 – WILL b) dizer que alguma coisa não está certa ou não é o que esperávamos.
Peter shouldn‟t be watching TV; he should be doing his homework. (Peter não deveria estar
MODAL Usado para exemplo assistindo TV; deveria estar fazendo sua tarefa de casa).
WILL * Formar o simple future He will come later.

* Dar um tom polido (educado) a Will you close the door, The butter is on the table but it should be in the fridge. (A manteiga está na mesa, mas deveria
perguntas. please? estar na geladeira.)
SHALL * Formar o simple future com I e We shall arrive at noon.

WE (inglês britânico) c) dizer que alguma coisa deverá (provavelmente) acontecer.
* sugerir, propor, seguido de Vivien should pass the test very easily. (Vivien deverá passar no teste com muita facilidade).

4.3 – CAN c) Na negativa, MUST NOT expressa proibição.
You mustn‟t park here. (Você não pode estacionar aqui.)
Em português, CAN corresponde a poder em seus diversos sentidos.
a) CAN expressa capacidade, habilidade, permissão informal, pedido informal e possibilidade.
Can you lift this suitcase? (Você consegue levanter esta mala?) – capacidade
She can speak French very well. (Ela fala Francês muito bem.) – habilidade
Can I go with you? (Posso ir com você?) – permissão informal
Can you help me? (Você pode me ajudar?) – pedido informal
It can be dangerous. (Isso pode ser perigoso.) – possibilidade.
b) CAN‟T é usado freqüentemente em exclamações com sentido de não é possível que...

I can‟t have slept more than 30 minutes! (Não posso ter dormido mais de 30 minutos!)
4.4 – MUST
Em português, MUST corresponde a dever, podendo indicar probabilidade e obrigação (ou

necessidade).
a) Usamos MUST, expressando probabilidade, quando temos uma evidência do fato a que nos
referimos.
Why isn‟t John in class? (Por que John não está na aula?)
He must be sick, because when I saw him yesterday he wasn‟t feeling well. (Ele deve estar
doente, porque, quando o vi ontem, ele não estava se sentindo bem.)
b) Para expressar obrigação, necessidade, usamos MUST (só para o presente) e HAVE TO ou NEED
TO (que servem tanto para o presente como para os demais tempos.)
I must go to the class today. (Eu preciso ir à aula hoje)

I had to go to class yesterday. (Eu tive que ir à aula ontem.)

GABARITOS He is He is not Is he ?
She is She is not Is she ?
UNIDADE I - IDENTIFICANDO It is It is not Is it ?
We are We are not Are we?
LET‟S PRATICE: You are You are not Are you ?
They are They are not Are they?
1) Complete. Follow the model:
3) Use a forma contrata:
You are - Are You ?
He is - Is he? He is – he‟s
They are - Are they? We are – we‟re
We are - Are we? It is not – it‟s
She is - Is she? I am – I‟m
I am - Am I? They are not – they‟re not / they aren‟t
It is - Is it? You are not – you‟re not / you aren‟t
Fred is - Is Fred? You are – you‟re
She is not – she‟s not / she isn‟t
He is - He is not I am not – I‟m not
They are - They are not They are not – they‟re not – they aren‟t
We are – we are not She is – she‟s
You are – you are not He is not – He‟s not / he isn‟t
She is – she is not You are not – you aren‟t
It is – it is not It is not – it isn‟t
Bob is – Bob is not We are not – we aren‟t
Mary is – Mary is not
I am – I am not 4) Follow the model:
Paul and Jane are – Paul and Jane are not
He‟s a student – Is he a student ?
2) Complete as colunas em branco usando as formas negativa e interrogativa do verbo to be: She‟s an engineer – Is she an engineer?
They‟re teachers – Are they teachers?
A N I You‟re typist – Am I a typist?
I am I am not Am I ? I‟m an architect – Are you an architect?
You are You are not Are you ? You‟re an officer – Am I an officer?

He‟s a civilian – Is he a civilian? LET‟S PRATICE:
I‟m a captain – I‟m not a captain.
He‟s an architect – He‟s not an architect 1) Follow the model:
You‟re teachers – You‟re not teachers.
How are you, Mary? Fine, thanks. And you?
We‟re officers – We‟re not officers
How are you, Fred? Fine, thanks. And you?
They‟re sergeants – They‟re not sergeants.
How are you, Bob? Fine, thanks. And you?
You‟re a civilian – You‟re not a civilian,
How are you, Katherine? Fine, thanks. And you?
I‟m a typist – I‟m not a typist.
How are you, Jennifer? Fine, thanks. And you?
She‟s a teacher – She‟s not a teacher.
2) Complete the dialogue:

5) Complete as frases com o artigo indefinido:
I‟m ______A_______ teacher. Good morning, Bob. __GOOD MORNING.__________________

You‟re ____A________captain. How are you? ___FINE, THANKS. AND YOU?
He‟s _______A_______sergeant. I‟m fine. _____GOOD BYE._________________________
She‟s ______A________typist. Good Bye.
You‟re _______AN______ officer.
He‟s __________AN_____ engineer. 3) Follow the model:
She‟s ______AN________architect.
What is this? (a book) – This is a book.
He‟s ________A_______ civilian.
What is that? (a record) - That is a record
What is this? (a tape) - This is a tape
6) Complete com o verbo to be:
What is that? (a window) – That is a window
I ___AM_______
What is this? (a pen) – This is a pen
You __ARE_____
What is that? (a door) – That is a door
He ______IS_
What is this? (a pencil) – This is a pencil
She __IS____
What is that? (a chair) – That is a chair
It ___IS_____
What is this? (a table) – This is a table
We ___ARE___
You ______ARE
(Pierre) Where is Pierre from?
They ______ARE
(Jennifer) - Where is Jennifer from?
(We) – Where are we from ?
(David and Christopher) – Where are David and Christopher from?

(I) – Where am I from? What are these? (buses) THESE ARE BUSES
(you) – Where are you from? What are those? (brushes) THOSE ARE BRUSHES
How old are you?(23) I‟m 23 years old What are these? (tables) THESE ARE TABLES
How old is Bob? (37) – Bob is (he is) 37 years old What are those? (chairs) THOSE ARE CHAIRS
How old is Paul? (22) – Paul is 22 yaers old
How old am I ? (30) – You are 30 years old 2) Ponha as frases no plural:
How old is Captain Brown ? (38) – Captain Brown (he) is 38 years old
This is a book. – THESE ARE BOOKS
How old is Jane ? (25) – Jane (she) is 25 years old
That is a table. – THOSE ARE TABLES
How old are Jim and Fred? (10) – Jim and Fred (they) are 10 years old
What is this? – WHAT ARE THESE?
How old are you ? (12) – I am 12 years old
That is a lady. – THOSE ARE LADIES
This is a woman. – THESE ARE WOMEN
4) Answer the questions:
That is a bus. - THOSE ARE BUSES
Where are you from? I am from Rio de Janeiro This is a child. - THESE ARE CHILDREN
What is your name? My name is Marcia This is a potato. – THESE ARE POTATOES
What is this? (book) This is a book This is a watch. – THESE ARE WATCHES
What is that? (flower) That is a flower This is a barber. – THESE ARE BARBERS
Where are Christopher and Christine from? (Brazil) They are from Brazil This is a city. – THESE ARE CITIES
How old are you ? I am 38 years old What is that? – WHAT ARE THOSE?
UNIDADE II - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO 3) Follow the model:
a)There is a child in the room.

LET‟S PRATICE:
Is there a child in the room?

There are nine teachers in the classroom.
a)This is a pencil. These are pencils. ARE THERE NINE TEACHERS IN THE CLASSROOM?
That is a door - THOSE ARE DOORS
This is a table – THESE ARE TABLES There is a book on the teacher‟s desk.
That is a bus – THOSE ARE BUSES IS THERE A BOOK ON THE TEACHER‟S DESK?
b)What are these? (books) These are books. There is an engineer in the room.
What are those? (recorders) THOSE ARE RECORDERS IS THERE AN ENGINEER IN THE ROOM?

b)There are 4 books on the floor. 5) Coloque as frases acima nas formas negativa e interrogativa.
There aren‟t 4 books on the floor.
NEGATIVA:
THERE ISN‟T A STUDENT AT THE DOOR.
There is a map on the wall.
THERE ISN‟T A MAP ON THE WALL.
THERE INS‟T A MAP ON THE WALL
THERE AREN‟T THREE LAMPS IN THE ROOM.
THERE AREN‟T TWO LARGE WINDOWS IN THE ROOM.
There are 6 lamps in the room.
THERE ISN‟T ONLY ONE DOOR.
THERE AREN‟T 6 LAMPS IN THE ROOM
INTERROGATIVA:
There are 10 people in the classroom.
IS THERE A STUDENT AT THE DOOR?
THERE AREN‟T 10 PEOPLE IN THE CLASSROOM
IS THERE A MAP ON THE WALL?
ARE THERE THREE LAMPS IN THE ROOM?
c)How many people are there in the room? (8)
ARE THERE TWO LARGE WINDOWS IN THE ROOM?
There are eight people in the room.
IS THERE ONLY ONE DOOR?
How many children are there in the classroom? (2)

UNIDADE III - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO
THERE ARE TWO CHILDREN IN THE CLASSROOM
How many buses are there here? (3)
LET‟S PRATICE:
THERE ARE THREE BUSES HERE
1) Escreva os números por extenso:

How many barbers are there here? (6)
THERE ARE SIX BARBERS HERE
3 – THREE
How many maps are there on the wall? (1)
7 – SEVEN
THERE IS ONE MAP ON THE WALL
13 –THIRTEEN
22 – TWENTY-TWO
4) Complete com THERE IS ou THERE ARE:
34 – THIRTY-FOUR
____THERE IS__________ a student at the door.
45 –FORTY-FIVE
_______THERE IS________ a map on the wall.
56 – FIFTY-SIX
______THERE ARE_________ three lamps in the room.
79 – SEVENTY-NINE
______THERE ARE_________ two large windows in the room.
87 – EIGHTY-SEVEN
________THERE IS_______ only one door.
161 – ONE HUNDRED SIXTY-ONE

348 – THREE HUNDRED FORTY-EIGHT e) What is the last month of the year?
THE LAST MONTH OF THE YEAR IS DECEMBER
1.590 - ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED NINETY
f) What is the last day of the week?
THE LAST DAY OF THE WEEK IS FRIDAY
2) Complete:
g) How many months are there in a year?
THERE ARE TWELVE MONTHS IN A YEAR
Today is Monday. Tomorrow is _____TUESDAY____________
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow is _____SUNDAY______________
5) Dê o numeral ordinal e a correspondente abreviação:
Today is Wednesday. Tomorrow is _______THURSDAY__________
Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is ________MONDAY__________ 1 – FIRST – 1st
Today is Thursday. Tomorrow is _____FRIDAY___________ 2 – SECOND – 2nd

3 – THIRD 3rd
3) Responda as seguintes perguntas: 5 – FIFTH 5th

6 – SIXTH 6th
a) How many days are there in a week? 9 – NINTH 9th
THERE ARE SEVEN DAYS IN A WEEK
12 – TWELFTH 12th
b) When are there classes?
THERE ARE CLASSES ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY.
LET‟S PRATICE:
c) What‟s the first day of the week?
THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK IS SUNDAY
d) What‟s the day after Thursday? Escreva as horas por extenso:
THE DAY AFTER THURSDAY IS FRIDAY
e) What‟s the day after Tuesday?
1:00 – IT‟S ONE O‟CLOCK
THE DAY AFTER TUESDAY IS WEDNESDAY
2:10 – IT‟S TEN PAST TWO / IT‟S TWO-TEM
f) What‟s the last day of the school week?
THE LAST DAY OF THE SCHOOL WEEK IS FRIDAY 3:15 – IT‟S A QUARTER PAST THREE / IT‟S THREE FIFTEEN
4:20 – IT‟S TWENTY PAST FOUR / IT‟S FOUR-TWENTY
4) Answer these questions: 5:30 – IT‟S HALF PAST FIVE / IT‟S FIVE-THIRTY
6:40 – IT‟S TWENTY TO SEVEN / IT‟S SIX-FORTY
a) What is the eighth month of the year? 7:45 – IT‟S A QUARTER TO EIGHT / IT‟S SEVEN FORTY-FIVE
THE EIGHTH MONTH OF THE YEAR IS AUGUST
8:50 – IT‟S TEN TO NINE / IT‟S EIGTH-FIFTY
b) What is the second month of the year?
THE SECOND MONTH OF THE YEAR IS FEBRUARY 9:55 – IT‟S FIVE TO TEN / IT‟S NINE FIFTY-FIVE
c) What is the second day of the week? 10:00 – IT‟S TEN O‟CLOCK.
THE SECOND DAY OF THE WEEK IS MONDAY
d) What is the first day of the week?
THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK IS SUNDAY

UNIDADE IV - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS Have – HAS Watch – WATCHES
Go – GOES Dress – DRESSES
LET‟S PRATICE: Work – WORKS fix – FIXES
1) Follow the model: LET‟S PRATICE:
I get up at 10 o‟clock. She gets up at 10 o‟clock.

1) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma interrogativa negativa:
I wash the car. – SHE WASHES THE CAR
They write the exercises. – SHE WRITES THE EXERCISES Today is Monday. ISN‟T TODAY MONDAY?
You watch TV. – SHE WATCHES TV That is a picture. ISN‟T THAT A PICTURE?
We go to school. – SHE GOES TO SCHOOL Margaret is a teacher. ISN‟T MARGARET A TEACHER?
You have classes. – SHE HAS CLASSES Those are airplanes. AREN‟T THOSE AIRPLANES?
I eat lunch at 12 o‟clock. – SHE EATS LUNCH AT 12 O‟CLOCK These are maps. AREN‟T THESE MAPS?
They listen to the tape. – SHE LISTENS TO THE TAPE She is an architect. ISN‟T SHE AN ARCHITECT?
We have a map. – SHE HAS A MAP This is a table. ISN‟T THIS A TABLE?
We are students. AREN‟T WE STUDENTS?
2) Use a forma correta dos verbos: There are 2 tapes on the table. AREN‟T THERE 2 TAPES ON THE TABLE?
The teacher is at the blackboard. INS‟T THE TEACHER AT THE BLACKBOARD?
I ___LISTEN TO__________ a tape in the lab. (listen to)
We __________READ________________ the lessons. (read)
Paul ______________GOES_________ to school. (go)
LET‟S PRATICE:
Bob ___WRITES_______________ the exercises. (write)
Bob and Jane ___WATCH___________ TV together. (watch)
The instructor __________EATS______ lunch at the barracks. (eat)
The mechanic ______HAS___________ a car. (have)
a) (my) This is my teacher
They ___GET UP______________at 6 o‟clock. (get up)
(her) This is her teacher.
You ___HAVE__________ classes. (have)
Bob and I ______RETURN____________ home in the afternoon. (return)
(their) THIS IS THEIR TEACHER
(your) THIS IS YOUR TEACHER
3) Dê a forma da 3a. pessoa do singular dos verbos:

(his) THIS IS HIS TEACHER
Take – TAKES Play – PLAYS (my) THIS IS MY TEACHER
Brush – BRUSHES Study – STUDIES

b) I – I wash my face The cat drinks ______ITS_____milk.
Bob - BOB WASHES HIS FACE LET‟S PRATICE:
Mary – MARY WASHES HER FACE 1) Follow the model:

The cat – THE CAT WASHES HIS FACE
This is my book. This book is mine.
These are our classrooms. THESE CLASSROOMS ARE OURS
We – WE WASH OUR FACE
This is my car. THIS CAR IS MINE
You -YOUWASH YOUR FACE
That is his table. THIS TABLE IS HIS
That is your pencil. THAT PENCIL IS YOURS
You and Peter – YOU AND PETER WASH YOUR FACE
Those are her dogs. THOSE DOGS ARE HERS
Bob and Mary – BOB AND MARY WASH THEIR FACE
This is my blackboard. THIS BLACKBOARD IS MINE
These are your cars. THESE CARS ARE YOURS
2) Complete as frases, fazendo as necessárias variações do adjetivo possessivo:
That is their lamp. THAT LAMP IS THEIRS
I have my book.
Those are his maps. THOSE MAPS ARE HIS
You - YOU HAVE YOUR BOOK
He – HE HAS HIS BOOK
2) Use os pronomes possessivos correspondentes:
She – SHE HAS HER BOOK
It – IT HAS ITS BOOK
These are our watches. They are _______OURS___________.
We – WE HAVE OUR BOOKS
Bob and Tom have their tapes. They have ____THEIRS_________.
You – YOU HAVE YOUR BOOKS
This is Mary‟s book. It‟s __HERS________.
They – THEY HAVE THEIR BOOKS
Those are John‟s books. They are ___HIS______
It‟s 3 o‟clock by my watch. It‟s 3 o‟clock by __MINE___________
3) Preencha com a forma correta do adjetivo possessivo:
These are your I.D. cards. They are __YOURS_________
This is the dog‟s milk. It‟s _______HIS/HERS_________
you and I study _______OUR_________ lessons.
These are the captain‟s grades. They are ___HIS____________.
Jane eats HER hotdogs.
Bob and you go to __YOUR____ school.
Paul and Jane have THEIR money
I have __MY_______ car.
The instructor reads ___HIS___________ newspaper.
You prepare _____YOUR_________exercise

UNIDADE V - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS DIÁRIOS (We) – DO WE HAVE A BOOK?
(Bob and Mary) – DO BOB AND MARY HAVE A BOOK?
LET‟S PRATICE: (You) – DO YOU HAVE A BOOK?
(the teacher) – DOES THE TEACHER HAVE A BOOK?
1) Complete com o artigo adequado (the, a , an), onde for necessário.
b) Mary hears a tape – Does Mary hear a tape?
a) ____THE_____Pacific is __THE_______ world‟s biggest ocean. Bob sees a boy – Does Bob see a boy?
b) What did you eat for ___-X-_______breakfast this morning?
c) Henry plays ___THE______piano as well as ___THE_______guitar. I want 3 pencils – Do I want 3 pencils?
d) Mr Silva is __-X-____Catholic but he almost never goes to __-X-___church.
e) I‟m in ____A____hurry because I have to catch ____A (THE)____bus to go to __-X-____work.
f) What ___A____delicious cake! Have _____A____piece! They work at school. – DO THEY WORK AT SCHOOL?
g) Susan was in _-X-__bed with _A_ fever, so she couldn‟t go to ____THE___party. Jack works every day – DOES JACK WORK EVERY DAY?
h) Helen works as _______A__ secretary for __A______ multinational company.
You eat at school. – DO YOU EAT AT SCHOOL?
i) What ___-X-______nice gardens! _THE_______people who live in these houses must have
___-X-__good taste. The teachers read a book. – DO THE TEACHERS READ A BOOK?
j) _____THE___price of __-X-______gold is going up, but ____THE____price of ___-X- We brush our teeth – DO WE BRUSH OUR TEETH?
_____silver is going down.
k) ___-X-___life is not easy for _-X-____________people who earn ____A______minimum wage. He wants a book. – DOES HE WANT A BOOK?
l) __-X-______inflation is bad for everybody, but it‟s worse for _____THE_______ poor than for She speaks English. – DOES SHE SPEAK ENGLISH?
____THE____rich.
m) I like coffee, but ____THE______coffee they serve in ___-X-____our school cafeteria is terrible!
n) ___-X-______sun and _-X-________water are necessary for _____-X-____flowers to grow. 2) Use DO ou DOES.
o) ____THE______air in this room is not good. Please, open __THE______windows!
p) _____THE_____students were playing ___-X-__________basketball in ____THE__school
gymnasium. ___DOES_____ the sergeant go to school?
q) _______THE____President‟s wife received _____A____bouquet of ___-X-_____flowers. ___DO_____ we speak English?
r) _-X-__________Dr Costa goes to _____THE____United States once ____A____year.
DOES________Jane brush her teeth?
_DOES_______ it drink milk?
UNIDADE VI - PERGUNTANDO SOBRE HÁBITOS
____DO____ the boys learn well?
_DO_______you say “good morning”?
LET‟S PRATICE:
___DOES_____the teacher read the leasson?
DO________ the mechanics work in the school?
___DO_____ the officers march every day?
__DOES______ the cadet report to the instructor?
a) (you) – Do you have a book?
(she) – Does shehave a book?
3) Faça as perguntas para as seguintes respostas, usando o interrogativo apropriado:
(Bob) – DOES BOB HAVE A BOOK?
HOW MANY BOOKS DO YOU HAVE?
(Jane) – DOES JANE HAVE A BOOK?

I have ten books. The students read their lessons every morning.
THE STUDENTS DON‟T READ THEIR LESSONS EVERY MORNING.
WHAT DO YOU HEAR?
I hear a plane. The car stops at the red light.
THE CAR DOESN‟T STOP AT THE RED LIGHT.
WHERE DO THEY EAT LUNCH?
They eat lunch in a cafeteria The cadets study hard for the examination.
THE CADETS DON‟T STUDY HARD FOR THE EXAMINATION.
WHO DOES JOHN SEE AT SCHOOL? / WHERE DOES JOHN SEE MARY? It rains here every day.
John sees Mary at school. IT DOESN‟T RAIN HERE EVERY DAY.
HOW MANY TAPES DOES BOB WANT? That young girl dances very well.
Bob wants five tapes. THAT YOUNG GIRL DOESN‟T DANCE VERY WELL.
LET‟S PRATICE: LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Follow the model: 1)Follow the model:
He has a pencil – He doesn‟t have a pencil

We have a pen – Do we have a pen?
I want a book. – I DON‟T WANT A BOOK
They hear a plane. – THEY DON‟T HEAR A PLANE.
They go to school – DO THEY GO TO SCHOOL?
Paul sees a car. – PAUL DOESN‟T SEE A CAR.
Bob dances every day. – DOES BOB DANCE EVERY DAY?
We have 5 tapes. – WE DON‟T HAVE 5 TAPES.
The architects walk every morning. – DO THE ARCHITECTS WALK EVERY MORNING?
She eats at school. – SHE DOESN‟T EAT AT SCHOOL.
Peter stops at the red ligth – DOES PETER STOP AT THE RED LIGHT?
We go to work every day – WE DON‟T GO TO WORK EVERY DAY.
Jane speaks English very well. – DOES JANE SPEAK ENGLISH VERY WELL?
The engineers want a car. THE ENGINEERS DON‟T WANT A CAR.
I have 2 cars. – DO I HAVE 2 CARS?
They read their lessons. – THEY DON‟T READ THEIR LESSONS.
You hear a train.- DO YOU HEAR A TRAIN?
I dance well. – I DON‟T DANCE WELL.
You see a plane – DO YOU SEE A PLANE?
She has 2 tapes. – DOES SHE HAVE 2 TAPES?
2) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa.
I leave school at 4:30 pm. – I DON‟T LEAVE SCHOOL AT 4:30 pm. 2) Use DON‟T ou DOESN‟T
______DON‟T____ you know the lesson?

_____DOESN‟T_______ the boy eat hotdogs?
______DOESN‟T________it rain every day? 3) Suavize o imperativo das frases acima:
__DON‟T__________ we have classes now?
___DON‟T_______ the officers report to the commander? (to open) – PLEASE, DON‟T OPEN THE WINDOW.
(to close) – PLEASE, CLOSE YOUR BOOKS.
LET‟S PRATICE: (to read) – PLEASE, READ THE BOOK
(to study) – PLEASE, STUDY THE LESSON
1) Follow the model: (to repair) – PLEASE, REPAIR THE CHAIR
(to report) – PLEASE, REPORT TO ME
Open the door. – Don‟t open the door.
(to drive) – PLEASE, DON‟T DRIVE THE CAR SO FAST
Close the door. – DON‟T CLOSE THE DOOR
(to wait)- PLEASE, WAIT FOR ME.
Wait for me. DON‟T WAIT FOR ME
(to hurry) – PLEASE, HURRY
Hurry. DON‟T HURRY
(to call) – PLEASE, CALL THE DOCTOR
Open the window. DON‟T OPEN THE WINDOW
DON‟T OPEN THE WINDOW, PLEASE.
Open your books. – DON‟T OPEN YOUR BOOKS
CLOSE YOUR BOOKS, PLEASE.
Close your books. DON‟T CLOSE YOUR BOOKS
READ THE BOOK, PLEASE.
Wait for Paul. DON‟T WAIT FOR PAUL.
STUDY THE LESSON, PLEASE.
Wait for Mary DON‟T WAIT FOR MARY
REPAIR THE CHAIR, PLEASE
Close the window. DON‟T CLOSE THE WINDOW.
REPORT TO ME, PLEASE.
DRIVE THE CAR SO FAST, PLEASE.
2) Formule frases imperativas, usando os verbos entre parênteses.
WAIT FOR ME, PLEASE.
HURRY, PLEASE.
(to open) – DON‟T OPEN THE WINDOW.
CALL THE DOCTOR, PLEASE.
(to close) – CLOSE YOUR BOOKS.
(to read) – READ THE BOOK
LET‟S PRATICE:
(to study) – STUDY THE LESSON
(to repair) – REPAIR THE CHAIR
1. Reescreva as sentenças usando „s ou of, conforme o caso.
(to report) - REPORT TO ME
(to drive) – DON‟T DRIVE THE CAR SO FAST
The maid cleans all (the rooms – house)
(to wait)- WAIT FOR ME.
The maid cleans all the rooms of the house.
(to hurry) - HURRY
(to call) – CALL THE DOCTOR
I‟m going to borrow (the bicycle – my brother)
I‟m going to borrow my brother‟s bicycle.

UNIDADE VII - APROFUNDANDO PRÉ-CONHECIMENTO
a.Please, give me (a glass – water)
PLEASE, GIVE ME A GLASS OF WATER. LET‟S PRATICE:
b. Have you seen (the newspaper – today) ? 1) Answer:

HAVE YOU SEEN TODAY‟S NEWSPAPER?
Do you get up at 6:00?
c. (The fur – fox) is used for making (coats – women) Yes, I DO
THE FOX‟S FUR IS USED FOR MAKING WOMEN‟S COATS. Does Mary speak English?
No, SHE DOESN‟T
d. (The beauty – painting) impressed everybody.
THE BEAUTY OF PAINTING IMPRESSED EVERYBODY. Do we live here?
No, WE DON‟T
e. We all enjoyed (the party – last night) Do I speak French well?
WE ALL ENJOYED LAST NIGHT‟S PARTY. Yes, YOU DO.
f. (the desk – Peter) is covered with (sheets – paper) Does Paul read a book every day?
PETER‟S DESK IS COVERED WITH SHEETS OF PAPER No, HE DOESN‟T
g. I live next door to (house – uncle Harry) Do they drive their car?
I LIVE NEXT DOOR TO HARRY‟S UNCLE. No, THEY DON‟T
h. Do you like (the color – this shirt)? Do Mary and Elizabeth work?
DO YOU LIKE THE COLOR OF THIS SHIRT? Yes, THEY DO
i. (Hands – a mechanic) are often dirty. Does the dog eat every day?
A MECHANIC‟S HANDS ARE USUALLY DIRTY Yes, IT DOES (HE DOES)
j. (Boyfriend – my sister) is studying to be a doctor. Do you smoke?

MY SISTER‟S BOYFRIEND IS STUDYING TO BE A DOCTOR. No, I DON‟T
Does Peter have two cars?

No, HE DOESN‟T

UNIDADE VIII - CARACTERIZANDO E COMPARANDO
LET‟S PRATICE:
Answer these questions:
Preencha as lacunas com a preposição apropriada:
a) How many tables do you have? (fifteen)
1. The students eat their lunch AT noon. I HAVE FIFTEEN TABLES
2. He lives IN Brooklin.
3. We go to school IN the morning.
4. Independence Day is ON September 7th. b) How many cars do you have? (two)
5. Does John take vacations IN Summer? I HAVE TWO CARS
6. Do you eat dinner AT night?
7. Mary works ON First Street.
8. We are IN 1996. c) What color is Paul‟s new car? (blue)
9. The school is AT 726, Main Street.
10. The students are IN the United States now. IT‟S BLUE. / PAUL‟S NEW CAR IS BLUE.
LET‟S PRATICE: d) Which one do you prefer? (the blue one)

I PREFER THE BLUE ONE
1) Answer:
e) What kind of book does Jane have? (an English book)
Whose pencil is this? (BOB)
JANE HAS AN ENGLISH BOOK
It‟s Bob‟s pencil.
f) What color is Bob‟s wastebasket?

Whose car is that? (Mary)
BOB‟S WASTEBASKET IS BLUE.
IT‟S MARY‟S CAR.
LET‟S PRATICE:
Whose tapes are those? (the students)
THOSE ARE THE STUDENTS‟ TAPES
1) Answer:
Whose record is that? (Peter) a) How does Mary study? (hard)
THAT IS PETER‟S RECORD Mary studies hard.
Whose car is this? (Paul) How does Peter walk? (slow)
THIS IS PAUL‟S CAR PETER WALKS SLOWLY.
How does Bob drive? (careful)

BOB DRIVES CAREFULLY PETER AND BOB WATCH TV AT NIGHT
How do they work? (hard) 2) Preencha com a forma apropriada do advérbio.

THEY WORK HARD
a) You study __CAREFULLY________ (careful)
b) She always does her work _ QUICKLY____(quick)
b) Where does Mary study? (at home) c) She drives ___CARELESSLY____ (careless)
Mary studies at home. d) They learn ___QUICKLY__________(quick)
e) He runs ___FAST____________(fast)
f) We cook _____WELL____________ (good)
Where does Paul work? (in the officer) g) He talks __FLUENTLY__________ (fluent)
h) We arrive at school__EARLY_______ (early)
PAUL WORKS IN THE OFFICER i) They work very ____HARD_________ (hard)
j) We get up ________LATE___________(late)
Where does Bob study? (in the library)
3) Preencha as lacunas com a forma correta do adjetivo ou advérbio.
BOB STUDIES IN THE LIBRARY.
a) This is an ___EASY________ lesson (easy).

Where do we work? (at school) b) He learns it ____EASILY__________ (easy).
c) They run very ____FAST___________ (fast).
WE WORK AT SCHOOL
d) You are a _____SLOW______learner (slow)
Where do I study? (at home) e) She sings ___BEAUTIFULLY____ (beautiful)
I STUDY AT HOME f) They are __CAREFUL___students (careful).
g) He plays tennis __WELL__________ (good)
h) He is a ___BEAUTIFUL____ girl. (beautiful)
c) When does Mary study? (every day) i) I‟m a _____FAST___________ driver (fast).
Mary studies every day.
When do you study? (in the evening) Corcovado – high – Sugar Loaf
I STUDY IN THE EVENING Corcovado is higher than Sugar Loaf.
When do they go to school? ( in the morning) a) A taxi – fast – a bus

THEY GO TO SCHOOL IN THE MORNING A TAXI IS FASTER THAN A BUS
b) Summer – hot – Spring
When does Paul eat lunch? (at noon) SUMMER IS HOTTER THAN SPRING
PAUL EATS LUNCH AT NOON c) March – long – February
MARCH IS LONGER THAN FEBRUARY
When do Peter and Bob watch TV? (at night) d) A baby – young – a boy
A BABY IS YOUNGER THAN A BOY

e) Chinese – difficult – English PAUL INVITES US FOR DINNER ON FRIDAYS
CHINESE IS MORE DIFFICULT THAN ENGLISH e) I teach GEORGE AND JOHN every day.
f) Paul – old – Bob I TEACH THEM EVERY DAY
PAUL IS OLDER THAN BOB
f) I know THE INSTRUCTOR, CAPTAIN JONES, very well.
g) New York – large – Washington.
I KOWN HIM VERY WELL
NEW YORK IS LARGER THAN WASHINGTON
g) I like MARGARETH very much.
I LIKE HER VERY MUCH
2) Formule frases comparativas usando as idéias abaixo:
h) I see A CAT in the room.
I SEE IT IN THE ROOM.
a) John (tall) Mary
JOHN IS TALLER THAN MARY
b) My car (new) your car. UNIDADE IX - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES EM ANDAMENTO
MY CAR IS NEWER THAN YOUR CAR
c) John‟s book (complex) mine 1 . PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
JOHN‟S BOOK IS MORE COMPLEX THAN MINE
d) This chair (comfortable) yours.
THIS CHAIR IS MORE COMFORTABLE THAN YOURS. LET‟S PRATICE:
e) Japanese (difficult) English

JAPANESE IS MORE DIFFICULT THAN ENGLISH 1) Dê a forma negativa e a interrogativa das frases abaixo:
f) Alaska (cold) Rio
ALASKA IS COLDER THAN RIO
a) Jane is writing now.
g) My watch (fast) hers
MY WATCH IS FASTER THAN HERS JANE ISN‟T WRITING NOW.
h) New York (large) Boston. IS JANE WRITING NOW?

NEW YORK IS LARGER THAN WASHINGTON b) I am drinking.
I AM NOT DRINKING NOW
3) Reescreva as frases usando pronomes em substituição ao que está em letras maiúsculas. AM I DRINKING NOW?
c) Peter is going to school.
a) I sit near MY FRIENDS during the lesson. PETER ISN‟T GOING TO SCHOOL.
I SIT NEAR THEM DURING THE LESSON IS PETER GOING TO SCHOOL?
b) All the boys like FOOTBALL very much. d) We are writing a letter.
ALL THE BOYS LIKE IT VERY MUCH WE AREN‟T WRITING A LETTER.
c) I often see YOU AND JANE in the canteen. ARE WE WRIYING A LETTER/
I OFETN SEE YOU IN THE CANTEEN e) I am driving Bob‟s car.
d) Paul invites TOM AND ME for dinner on Fridays. I AM NOT DRIVING BOB‟S CAR.

AM I DRIVING BOB‟S CAR?
f) It is raining now. e) WHERE ARE THEY GOING THIS AFERTNOON?
IT ISN‟T RAINING NOW. They are not going any place this afternoon.
IS IT RAINING NOW?
g) Jane and Elizabeth are playing in the yard. 2) Use ANYTHING ou ANY PLACE.
JANE AND ELIZABETH AREN‟T PLAYING IN THE YARD.
ARE JANE AND ELIZABETH PLAYING IN THE YARD? a) She is not going _ANY PLACE__
b) The students are not reading __ANYTHING__
c) I don‟t see my book __ANY PLACE___
2) Use o “Simple Present” ou o “Present Continuous Tense”. d) I don‟t study_ANYTHING_ on Sundays.
e) I don‟t go __ANY PLACE__on Sundays.
a) John ____COMES____________ to school every day. (come)
b) He _IS COMING____ now. (come)
c) The bell _RINGS__ at 3 pm. (ring)
d) Listen! It _IS RINGING_now (ring) UNIDADE X - FALANDO SOBRE ONTEM
e) The policeman __STOPS__ the traffic every minute. (stop) SIMPLE PAST TENSE
f) He ______IS STOPING________ the traffic now (stop)
g) We __GO__ to the movies on Sunday (go)
h) We _ARE GOING___ to the movies now (go) LET‟S PRATICE:
i) It __RAINS___ in September (rain)
j) Look! It _IS RAINING_ now (rain).
1) Ponha as frases abaixo no passado e use a expressão de tempo sugerido:
LET‟S PRATICE:
a) The weather is good today. (yesterday)
THE WEATHER WAS GOOD YESTERDAY.
1) Formule perguntas para as seguintes respostas: b) I am at home now. (two hours ago)
I WAS AT HOME TWO HOURS AGO
a) WHAT ARE YOU DOING? / WHAT ARE YOU STUDYING? c) The students are on a picnic. (last Sunday)
THE STUDENTS WERE ON A PICNIC LAST SUNDAY.
I‟m studying my lesson.
d) Captain Brown is the instructor. (last semester).
CAPTAIN BROWN WAS THE INSTRUCTOR LAST SEMESTER.
b) WHAT IS TOM EATING? e) There are five students in the class. (yesterday morning)
Tom is eating an apple. THERE WERE FIVE STUDENTS IN THE CLASS YESTERDAY MORNING.
2) Preencha as lacunas com o passado do verbo TO BE.
c) WHERE IS MARY GOING?
a) He ___WAS__ in Boston two years ago.
Mary is going to the lab. b) There WERE_many problems in the last year.
c) The new schedule ___WAS_____ not on the bulletin board yesterday.
d) The lunch _WAS_ good yesterday.
d) WHAT ARE WE DOING?
e) They _WERE_ in the bar one hour ago.
We are not doing anything f) Jane _WAS_ in the office yesterday evening.

g) Bob __WAS__ sick last week. d) WAS IT RAINING?
h) The day before yesterday __WAS__ Monday.
i) We _WERE__ at the party last night.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
j) Bob and Jane _WERE__ here at lunch time.
UNIDADE XI - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS a) WASN‟T I LISTENING TO THE TAPE?

b) WEREN‟T WE PRACTICING PRONUNCIATION/?
GABARITO c) WASN‟T THE BARBER CUTTING MY HAIR?
d) WASN‟T IT RAINING?
LET‟S PRATICE:
LET‟S PRATICE:
1) Use o Past Continuous Tense dos verbos entre parênteses:
1) Ponha as seguintes frases no Passado Simples e use uma expressão de tempo definido no
a) I WAS STUDYING (study) my lesson ten minutes ago.
passado.
b) The plane WAS FLYING (fly) here at nine o‟clock this morning.
c) John WAS DRIVING (drive) his car this morning.
d) We WERE SLEEPING (sleep) at 6 o‟clock in the morning. a) I want a tape. – I WANTED A TAPE YESTERDAY.
e) WERE_ you READING (read) one hour ago? b) We read the lesson. WE READ THE LESSON LAST CLASS.
f) WERE_Bob and Jane TALKING (talk) at nine o‟clock last night? c) It rains. IT RAINED YESTERDAY.
d) She goes to school. SHE WENT TO SCHOOL LAST NIGHT
2) Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa. e) The teacher listens to the programs. THE TEACHER LISTENED TO THE PROGRAM
YESTERDAY MORNING.
f) They speak English. – THEY SPOKE ENGLISH LAST CLASS.
a) I was listening to the tape.
g) He arrives at six o‟clock. HE ARRIVED AT SIX O‟CLOCK LAST WEEK.
I WASN‟T LISTENING TO THE TAPE.
h) They drink some coffee. THEY DRANK SOME COFFEE YESTERDAY NIGHT.
b) We were practicing the pronunciation. i) The Captain smokes a cigarette. THE CAPTAIN SMOKED A CIGARETTE TEN MINUTES AGO.
WE WEREN‟T PRACTICING THE PRONUNCIATION. j) The mechanic repairs the car. THE MECHANIC REPAIRED THE CAR LAST MONTH.
c) The barber was cutting my hair.
THE BARBER WASN‟T CUTTING MY HAIR. 2) Use o Passado Simples ou o Presente Simples dos verbos entre parênteses. Observe o tempo
d) It was raining. indicado na frase.
IT WASN‟T RAINING
a) The bus ARRIVES (arrive) at 12 a.m. every day.
b) The students WALKED (walk) home last night.
c) I SAW (see) a good film last weekend.
3) Ponha as frases do exercício 2) nas formas interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa: d) The instructors EAT (eat) lunch at the cafeteria every day.
e) He GOT (get) up very early this morning.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA f) The rain LEFT (leave) ten minutes ago.
g) We WRITE_(write) our exercises at home every evening.
h) They WASHED (wash) their cars last week.
a) WAS I LISTENING TO THE TAPE?
b) WERE WE PRACTICING PRONUNCIATION/?
c) WAS THE BARBER CUTTING MY HAIR?

LET‟S PRATICE: a) We (eat) lunch when Jane (arrive)
WE WERE EATING LUNCH WHEN JANE ARRIVED.
1)Follow the model: b) He (sleep) when his friend (call) him.
HE WAS SLEEPING WHEN HIS FRIEND CALLED HIM.
a) I (study) telephone (ring) c) It (rain) hard this morning when we (leave) home.
I was studying when the telephone rang. IT WAS RAINING HARD THIS MORNING WHEN WE LEFT HOME.
b) He (read) Mary (arrive) e) She (drink) coffee when we (meet) her.
HE WAS READING WHEN MARY ARRIVED SHE WAS DRINKING COFFEE WHEN WE MET HER.
c) We (play the guitar) he (arrive) f) While I (read) the newspaper, I (see) his picture.
WE WERE PLAYING THE GUITAR WHEN HE ARRIVED WHILE I WAS READING THE NEWSPAPER, I SAW HIS PICTURE.
d) Bill (dance) Jennifer (leave) g) The plane (fly) when the weather (change)
BILL WAS DANCING WHEN JENIFFER LEFT. THE PLANE WAS FLYING WHEN THE WEATHER CHANGED.
e) The plane (fly) it (star to rain) h) Mr Smith (watch) TV when Mrs Smith (arrive).
THE PLANE WAS FLYING WHEN IT STARTED TO RAIN. MR SMITH WAS WATCHING TV WHEN MRS SMITH ARRIVED.
f) The sun (shine) I (get up) i) The students (do) the exercises when the bell (ring).
THE SUN WAS SHINING WHEN I GOT UP. THE STUDENTS WERE DOING THE EXERCISES WHEN THE BELL RANG.
g) I (go to bed) the bell (ring) j) We (wait) for the bus when it (begin) to rain.
I WAS GOING TO BED WHEN THE BELL RANG. WE WERE WAITING FOR THE BUS WHEN IT BEGAN TO RAIN.
k) Peter (get) up earlier while his wife (travel).
2)Preencha as lacunas, usando a forma apropriada do verbo entre parênteses no Simple Past ou no PETER GOT UP EARLIER WHILE HIS WIFE WAS TRAVELING.
Past Continuous Tense.
UNIDADE XII - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PASSADAS

a) The students WERE TALKING (talk) in Portuguese when Captain Brown came in.
b) They STUDIED (study) English last night.
c) She WAS GETTING UP (get up) when the bell rang. LET‟S PRATICE:
d) While I WAS WALKING (walk) down the street, I saw my friend.
e) Bob WATCHED (watch) TV last night.
f) He WAS EATING (eat) his lunch, when he heard the bell. 1) Ponha as seguintes frases nas formas negativa e interrogativa.
g) The boys WASHED (wash) their cars yesterday.
h) They WERE PLAYING (play) baskett when the coach arrived. a) She bought a car last week.
i) The sun WAS SHINING (shine) when I got up.
DID SHE BUY A CAR LAST WEEK?
j) It RAINED (rain) hard last night.
SHE DIDN‟T BUY A CAR LAST WEEK.
3)Reescreva as frases, usando o Simple Past ou Past Continuous Tense dos verbos entre b) He drank a glass of milk for breakfast.
parênteses. DID HE DRINK A GLASS OF MILK FOR BREAKFAST?

HE DIDN‟T DRINK A GLASS OF MILK FOR BREAKFAST. UNIDADE XIII - COMPARANDO
c) We attended the football game last Sunday.
DID WE ATTEND THE FOOTBALL GAME LAST SUNDAY? LET‟S PRATICE:
WE DIDN‟T ATTEND THE FOOTBALL GAME LAST SUNDAY.
d) He took the bus early in the morning. a) Escreva no comparativo, seguindo o modelo:
DID HE TAKE THE BUS EARLY IN THE MORNING?
The avenue / long / the street
HE DIDN‟T TAKE THE BUS EARLY IN THE MORNING.
The avenue is longer than the street.
e) She left home an hour ago.
DID SHE LEAVE HOME AN HOUR AGO?
1. Your dictionary / good / mine
SHE DIDN‟T LEAVE HOME AN HOUR AGO.
YOUR DICTIONARY IS BETTER THAN MINE.
f) They enjoyed the visit to the museum.
2. Jane / attractive / her sister.
DID THEY ENJOY THE VISIT TO THE MUSEUM?
JANE IS MORE ATTRACTIVE THAN HER SISTER.
THEY DIDN‟T ENJOY THE VISIT TO THE MUSEUM.
3. São Paulo / polluted / Curitiba
g) They came home at 10 last night.
SÃO PAULO IS MORE POLLUTED THAN CURITIBA
DID THEY COME HOME AT 10 LAST NOGHT?
4. The brown suitcase / heavy / the black one
THEY DIDN‟T COME HOME AT 10 LAST NIGHT. THE BROWN SUITCASE IS HEAVIER THAN THE BLACK ONE.
h) They had a big lunch today. 5. Some motorcycles / expensive / certain cars
DID THEY HAVE A BIG LUNCH TODAY? SOME MOTORCYCLES ARE MORE EXPENSIVE THAN CERTAIN CARS.
THEY DIDN‟T HAVE A BIG LUNCH TODAY. 6. Algebra / complicated / arithmetic.
i) It rained hard last Sunday. ALGEBRA IS MORE COMPLICATED THAN ARITHMATIC.
DID IT RAIN HARD LAST SUNDAY? 7. Everybody knows that a hurricane / bad / a rainstorm
IT DIDN‟T RAIN HARD LAST SUNDAY. EVERYBODY KNOWS THAT A HURRICANE IS WORSE THAN A RAINSTORM.
j) The class began earlier. 8. Don‟t you think Renato / thin / me?
DID THE CLASS BEGIN EARLIER? DON‟T YOU THINK RENATO IS THINNER THAN ME?
THE CLASS DIDN‟T BEGIN EARLIER. 9. My street / noisy / the one where you live
MY STREET IS NOSIER THAN THE ONE WHERE YOU LIVE
2)Responda as seguintes perguntas, usando respostas curtas afirmativas e negativas: 10. English / simple / German
ENGLISH IS SIMPLER THAN GERMAN
a) Did you open the book this morning? YES, I DID / NO, I DIDN‟T
b) Did Bob call me yesterday? YES, HE DID / NO, HE DIDN‟T b) Escolha a única alternativa correta para preencher os espaços em branco:
c) Did the cat drink milk at lunch time? YES, IT DID / NO, IT DIDN‟T
d) Did Jane come to school last Monday? YES, SHE DID / NO, SHE DIDN‟T I. The United States‟ coastline is not __SO BEAUTIFUL__________as that of Brazil.
e) Did the officers catch the plane two hours ago? YES, THEY DID / NO, THEY DIDN‟T
f) Did You and Bob go there yesterday? YES, WE DID / NO, WE DIDN‟T II. The Everest is __THE HIGHEST______________mountain in the world.

III. Large apes are ____MORE INTELLIGENT__________than dogs. THAT WAS THE MOST INTERESTING BOOK I‟VE EVER READ.
IV. Which disease is __WORSE___________, cancer or aids? 4. They say this is / good / restaurant in town
V. No snake is _____AS STRONG___________as the anaconda. THEY SAY THIS IS THE BEST RESTAURANT IN THE TOWN.
5. That was / difficult / problem we had to solve
1. as beautiful – the higher – as intelligent – the worst – more strong THAT WAS THE MOST DIFFICULT PROBLEM WE HAD TO SOLVE.
2. more beautiful – the most high – as intelligent – the badder – stronger 6. This is / comfortable / chair in the whole house
3. so beautiful – higher – more intelligent – the baddest – strongest THIS IS THE MOST COMFORTABLE CHAIR IN THE WHOLE HOUSE.
4. so beautiful – the highest – more intelligent – worse – as strong 7. My / bad / grades are always in math
5. as beautiful – hghest – more intelligent – the worst – strongest MY WORST GRADES ARE ALWAYS IN MATH.
8. Bobby is / lazy / boy in his class.
c) Preencha os espaços em branco com o comparativo dos adjetivos seguintes: BOBBY IS THE LAZIEST BOY IN HIS CLASS.
9. In Brazil / short / days of the year are in June.
HARD – EASY – GOOD – BAD – INTERESTING – FAR – NICE – FAST – NERVOUS – CROWDED IN BRAZIL, THE SHORTEST DAYS OF THE YEAR ARE IN JUNE.
10. Who, in your opinion, is / popular / singer in the USA?
1. My handwriting is not so good; yours is _BETTER____________. WHO, IN YOUR OPINION, IS THE MOST POPULAR SINGER IN THE USA?
2. Shopping centers are always MORE CROWDED__around Christmas time.
3. Before the test, Fred was MORE NERVOUS than Jim.
LET‟S PRATICE:
4. A rabbit runs much FASTER than a wolf.
5. If Paul worked ___HARDER_________________he‟d make more money.
1) Form the future tense of the verbs in parentheses.
6. I find action movies _MORE INTERESTING___________than dramas or comedies.
7. Where did you buy your sweater? It‟s much __NICER______________than mine. a) She _WILL INVITE___________________ (invite) us for dinner tonight.
8. Most people think Windows is __EASIER_________to use than other types of software. b) He WILL COME (come) to school tomorrow.
9. You‟re standing too close to the camera; can you move a little _FARTHER____away? c) They _WILL SPEAK_____________ (speak) English in a short time.
10. We lost simply because our team played __WORSE_____________than the other team. d) I __WILL GO____________(go) home after class.
e) You _WILL HAVE_______________(have) a test next Monday.
d) Escreva no superlativo, seguindo o modelo: f) We ___WILL LEAVE__________________(leave) for Paris soon.
That building / tall / in the city

2) Make negative and interrogative sentences.
That building is the tallest in the city.
a) He will meet me tonight.
HE WON‟T MEET ME TONIGHT
1. Mrs Baker bought / beautiful / flowers in the flower-shop.
MRS BAKER BOUGHT THE MOST BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS IN THE FLOWER-SHOP WILL HE MEET ME TONIGHT?
2. It was / hot / day in the whole summer. b) Jane will take a taxi home.
JANE WON‟T TAKE A TAXI HOME
IT WAS THE HOTTEST DAY IN THE WHOLE SUMMER
WILL JANE TAKE A TAXI HOME?
3. That was / interesting / book I‟ve ever read.

c) They will return to New York next weekend. f) Does Margareth want to see that film tonight? YES, MARGARETH WANTS TO SEE THAT FILM
THEY WON‟T RETURN TO NEW YORK NEXT WEEKEND TONIGHT.
WILL THEY RETURN TO NEW YORK NEXT WEEKEND?
g) May they write the letters tomorrow afternoon? YES, THEY MAY WRITE THE LETTERS
d) I will need you in ten minutes.
TOMORROW AFTERNOON
I WON‟T NEED YOU IN TEN MINUTES
h) Might Bob read Elizabeth‟s letter tonight? YES, HE MIGHT READ ELIZABETH‟S LETTER
WILL I NEED YOU IN TEN MINUTES? TONIGHT.
e) They will listen to the tapes in the lab.
THEY WON‟T LISTEN TO THE TAPES IN THE LAB i) Do you plan to meet Bill today? YES, I PLAN TO MEET BILL TODAY.
WILL THEY LISTEN TO THE TAPES IN THE LAB?
f) Tom will eat lunch in the cafeteria today. j) Does Mary expect to visit him? YES, SHE EXPECTS TO VISIT HIM
TOM WON‟T EAT LUNCH IN THE CAFETERIA TODAY.
WILL TOM EAT LUNCH IN THE CAFETRIA TODAY? k) Do they want to have lunch there? YES, THEY WANT TO HAVE LUNCH THERE.
g) It will rain tomorrow.

IT WON‟T RAIN TOMORROW
WILL IT RAIN TOMORROW?
4) Give the negative and the interrogative form of the following sentences:
h) Bob will watch tv tonight.
BOB WON‟T WATCH TV TONIGHT
a) You plan to buy a new car tomorrow.
WILL BOB WATCH TV TONIGHT?
YOU DON‟T PLAN TO BUY A NEW CAR TOMORROW.
DO YOU PLAN TO BUY A NEW CAR TOMORROW?
LET‟S PRATICE:
b) Tom may take a test next week.
TOM MAY NOT TAKE A TEST NEXT WEEK
3) Follow the model; MAY TOM TAKE A TEST NEXT WEEK?
c) They hope to see the game on Sunday.
a) Do you hope to listen to the tape soon?
Yes, I hope to listen to the tape soon. THEY DON‟T HOPE TO SEE THE GAME ON SUNDAY.
DO THEY HOPE TO SEE THE GAME ON SUNDAY?
b) Does Bob expect to be a good student? d) We expect to pass the examination.

Yes, Bob expects to be a good student. WE DON‟T EXPECT TO PASS THE EXAMINATION
DO WE EXPECT TO PASS THE EXAMINATION?
c) May he go to school tomorrow? YES, HE MAY GO TO SCHOOL TOMORROW. e) Bob wants to drink some beer.
BOB DOESN‟T WANT TO DRINK SOME BEER
d) Might she be here tonight? YES, SHE MIGHT BE HERE TONIGHT. DOES BOB WANT TO DRINK SOME BEER?
e) Do you plan to read a new book next week? YES, I PLAN TO READ A NEW BOOK NEXT
WEEK.

INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO 6. Mr and Mrs Jones ___ARE GOING TO MAKE_______________ plane reservations. (make)
7. ________ARE_____you GOING TO CHECK_________your baggage? (check)
Next month, Bob will be on vacation. He will take a trip to Europe. He will fly to Europe. The trip 8. The students ____ARE GOING TO TAKE________________a break (take)
will take 8 hours. He expects to stay there for a month, because he wants to see all the sights. Bob 9. What ____ARE________we___GOING TO DO_____________tonight?(do)
may not have time to see all of them. 10. The train __IS GOING TO BE_________late (be)
st
He will return next month. His class will begin on Sep. 1 . He hopes to have a good time.
LET‟S PRATICE
Answer the questions about the text.
a) Use MUCH or MANY.
a) When will Bob take his vacation?
BOB WILL TAKE HIS VACATION NEXT WEEK. 1. There weren‟t ___MANY_____________people at the suppermarket.
b) Where will Bob take a trip to? 2. There wasn‟t _________MUCH________coffee in the cup.
BOB WILL TAKE A TRIP TO EUROPE 3. We didn‟t duy __MANY______________apples last week.
c) How will he go? 4. Peter hasn‟t lost _____MUCH__________money in that investment.
HE WILL GO BY PLANE 5. I don‟t have _____MUCH__________time to study.
d) How long will the trip take? 6. There isn‟t ___MUCH_________food in the freezer.
THE TRIP WILL TAKE 8 HOURS 7. I don‟t drink _MANY____________cups of coffee a day.
e) Why will he stay there for a month? 8. Our instructor doesn‟t give us _______MUCH________ homework every day.
BECAUSE HE WANTS TO SEE ALL THE SIGHTS 9. There aren‟t __MANY_________________cashiers at that bank.
f) What may Bob not have time to do? 10. Do you have ____MANY_________problems at school?
BOB MAY NOT HAVE TIME TO SEE ALL OF THE SIGHTS
g) What does he hope to have?
b) Use LITTLE or FEW
HE HOPES TO HAVE A GOOD TIME
1. I have _LITTLE________money.
UNIDADE XIV – FALANDO SOBRE O FUTURO
2. We bought ____LITTLE______ paper this morning.
3. Tom drank __FEW___________glasses of water at lunch.
LET‟S PRATICE: 4. The soldiers marched for _FEW____________hours last night
5. Supermarkets have __FEW_______________ attendants.
Complete the sentences using “to be going to”. Use the verbs in parentheses: 6. I want to see _FEW___places.
7. They have _______LITTLE________experience
1. They _ ARE GOING TO CALL________us next weekend (call) 8. Do you need __LITTLE_____time to learn English?
2. Tom ___IS GOING TO INVITE_____Jane for dinner (invite) 9. John had _LITTLE_______juice this morning.
3. The weather ____IS GOING TO CHANGE_________before 6 o‟clock (change) 10. We have FEW____plans for vacation.
4. The porter __IS GOING TO CARRY__________your luggage. (carry)
5. The sudents _ARE GOING TO LISTEN____________to the tape after class (listen)

c) Make the sentences negative. Make the necessary changes. The physical education (PE) department teaches boxing, wrestling, swimming and gymnastics to
first-year cadets. For upperclassmen, there is a variety of other sports. These including skiing, golf,
1. We‟ll visit a lot of places this summer. WE WON‟T VISIT MANY PLACES THIS SUMMER tennis, scuba diving, unarmed combat, squash and others.
2. He likes to eat a lot of fruit for breakfast. HE DOESN‟T LIKE TO EAT MUCH FRUIT FOR Cadets also participate in some form of organized athletic activities.
BREAKFAST
Some participate in intercollegiate sports, where they represent the Academy in competitions
3. John showed his girlfriend a lot of restaurants. JOHN DIDN‟T SHOW HIS GIRLFRIEND MANY against other universities. Each cadet plays on one of the 9 company teams. During the winter
RESTAURANTS
season, cadets compete in indoor sports such as volleyball, basketball, racketball and handball,
4. Teachers have to prepare a lot of exercises. THE TEACHERS DON‟T HAVE TO PREPARE MANY during the spring and fall seasons, they compete in outdoors sports, such as cross crountry,
EXERCISES
football or soccer.Personal conditioning is also very important. Cadets exercise to prepare for
5. Our students learn a lot of grammar. OUR STUDENTS DON‟T LEARN MUCH GRAMMAR quaterly physical fitness tests (PFT). They run and pratice doing the required exercises. To pass the
6. I have a lot of things to do today. I DON‟T HAVE MANY THINGS TO DO TODAY. PFT, a cadet has to do 60 sit-ups, 60 push-ups, and run 2 miles. Weight lifting is also important to
help develop good muscle tone.
UNIDADE XV - INTREPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO
Vocabulário:
 SHALL
Empregamos SHALL em perguntas e somente com as primeiras pessoas do singular e plural. (to) exercise / (to) take exercise – fazer ginástica
(to) go jogging – fazer uma corrida lenta
Ex.: SHALL I ........? (to) run – correr
SHALL WE ..........? gym – ginásio
(to) be fit – estar em boa condição física
Usamos esta forma quando estamos pedindo uma opinião ou confirmação sobre algo que vamos (to) Keep fit – manter a forma física
fazer. É uma forma polida, considerada como estratégia de polidez. (to) fish – pescar
(to) be up – estar de pé (acordado)
Ex.: Shall I close the window? retired – aposentado / na reserva
Shall we go to the movies tonight? (to) leave for – partir para
What shall I do now? (to) try out – treinar para teste (esportivo)
INTREPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO tryout – teste (esportivo)
(to) miss – perder
(to) come over – vir
SPORTS IN MILITARY LIFE physical fitness – aptidão física
training program – programa de treinamento físico
Students in the American schools have many physical fitness activities. athletics – atletismo
Cadets at the US Military Academy, for example, maintain very good physical condition. The conditioning – condicionamento
Academic‟s physical training program consists of physical education classes, organized athletics
boxing – boxe
and personal conditioning.

wrestling – luta livre IT TEACHES BOXING, WRESTLING, SWIMMING AND GYMNASTICS.
upperclassmen – cadetes veteranos d) What about upperclassmen?
THERE IS A VARIETY OF OTHER SPORTS FOR UPPERCLASSMEN
swimming – natação
e) What do cadets participate in?
gymnastics – ginástica
THEY PARTICIPATE IN THE INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORTS
skiing – esqui
f) Where does each cadet play?
scuba diving – mergulho autônomo EACH CADET PLAYS ON ONE OF THE 9 COMPANY TEAMS
unarmed combat – combate corpo a corpo g) What kind of sports do cadets compete in?
competion – competição THEY COMPETE IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPORTS
team – equipe h) Why is personal conditioning important?

BECAUSE IT PREPARES FOR THE PFT.
indoor sports – esporte em recinto fechado
i) How do cadets prepare for the PFT?
outdoor sports – esporte ao ar livre THEY RUN AND PRACTICE DOING THE REQUIRED EXERCISES.
cross-country – corrida rústica
soccer – futebol
football – futebol americano
sit-up – abdominal
push-up – flexão de braço
pull-up – barra
weight lifting – halterofilismo
(to) develop – desenvolver
muscle tone – mônus muscular
quaterly – trimestral
(to) maintain – manter
(to) participate – participar
(to) compete – competir
Answer the questions:
a) What do cadets maintain?

THE CADETS MAINTAIN VERY GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION
b) What does the physical training program consist of?
IT CONSISTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES, ORGANIZED ATHLETICS ANDPERSONAL
CONDITIONING
c) What does the PE department teach firs-year cadets?

Apostila de Inglês

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Apostila de Inglês

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

INGLÊS

Diretor Geral Professores dos Idiomas

I (refere-se à 1ª Pessoa) She is She is not Is she ?

YOU (refere-se à 2ª Pessoa) It is It is not Is it?

3. INDEFINITE ARTICLE A / AN (ARTIGO INDEFINIDO) Fred is

O artigo indefinido em inglês existe somente no singular. Há duas formas: A e AN.

1) Complete. Follow the model:

6 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

Paul and Jane are You are

3) Use a forma contrata:

It is not We are not

I am 4) Follow the model:

He‟s a student – Is he a student ?

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 7

I‟m _______________ teacher.

You‟re typist You‟re _____________ captain.

He‟s a civilian 6) Complete com o verbo to be:

Ex.: This is a book.

She‟s a teacher. Plural:

8 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

6. SOME CARDINAL NUMBERS:

1 ONE 11 ELEVEN 21 TWENTY-ONE

Hello - Alô, olá

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 9

What is this? (a book) – This is a book.

What is this? (a tape) (you)

What is that? (a window)

What is this? (a pen)

What is that? (a door) How old is Paul? (22)

What is this? (a pencil) How old am I ? (30)

What is that? (a chair) How old is Captain Brown ? (38)

What is this? (a table) How old is Jane ? (25)

How old are Jim and Fred? (10)

Where are you from?

10 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

b. As palavras que terminam com SS, S, SH, CH, X, Z e O, acrescentamos ES.

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 11

SINGULAR PLURAL Belongings (pertences)

Boy Boys Pants / Trousers (calças)

12 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

e) Há substantivos, no inglês, que só existem no singular (a concordância verbal é sempre feita

Fish (peixe , peixes)

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 13

a) This is a pencil. These are pencils.

PREPOSIÇÕES DE LUGAR: This is a table

14 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

3) Follow the model:

d)There is an engineer in the room.

g) There are 6 lamps in the room.

This is a child. h)There are 10 people in the classroom.

This is a potato. 4) Answer the questions below:

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 15

5. MORE CARDINAL NUMBERS

ATENÇÃO: PARA NÚMEROS DA CASA DO MILHAR EM DIANTE, COLOCA-SE A VÍRGULA.

16 | [ Curso Preparatório Cidade]

Sunday - Domingo 19 – nineteen Nineteenth 19th

Monday – Segunda-feira 20 – twenty Twentieth 20th

Tuesday - Terça-feira 21 – twenty-one Twenty-first 21st

Wednesday - Quarta-feira 30 – thirty Thirtieth 30th

Thursday – Quinta-feira 40 - forty Fortieth 40th

[Curso Preparatório Cidade] 17

LEMBRETE: OS MESES DO ANO SEMPRE SÃO ESCRITOS EM INICIAL MAIÚSCULA.

3– e) What‟s the day after Tuesday?