CENTRO DE SAÚDE DE NAMINAWE

RELATÓRIO DE ANALISE DE CLASSES DE BETÃO B20/B25

Prepared by: Prepared for:

CONSULTEC – CONSULTORES UNOPS - UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR

ASSOCIADOS, LDA. PROJECT SERVICES
(MOZAMBIQUE)

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1. OBJECTO PRINCIPAL
O presente Relatório tem como objetivo fazer uma análise comparativa entre traços de betões de
Resistência de 20Mpa (Classe do B20), 22,21 Mpa (obtida em “ensaios in situ”) e 25 Mpa
(Classe B25).
Daí que, surgiu a necessidade de se fazer uma comparação pois em “in situ” aos 28 dias de cura,
a resistência de rotura de betão indicada nos pressupostos não se encontra em conformidade com
o requerido. Daí que surgiu a necessidade de se fazer uma verificação que tem como foco
recolher o resultado de tensão obtida aos 28 dias em obra, versus, o resultado desejado.

Para melhores esclarecimentos, este relatório será dividido em duas partes que englobam:

 O cálculo feito, comparando as resistências de betão do B20 e do B25, onde estes resultados são
demonstrados em tabelas comparativas, para melhor noção da problemática e averiguação;
 O pré dimensionamento manual feito obedecendo uma resistência de 22.21Mpa.

2. ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS BETÕES B20(16/20) E B25(C20/25)

Para uma boa analise comparativa das classes de betão, os betões a utilizar devem satisfazer as
condições estabelecidas no Regulamento de Betões de Ligantes Hidráulicos (RBLH) e devem
obedecer ao estipulado nos artigos 13.º e 14.º do REBAP - Regulamento de Estruturas de Betão
Armado e Pré-Esforçado (Betão Armado e Pré-Esforçado). Posto isto, começaremos esta análise
verificando a tabela abaixo que apresenta a resistência ótima para os dois tipos de betão:

Classe da Resistência a Resistência, característica Resistência,

Compreensão mínima do betão em amostra característica mínima do
(cilíndricas) betão em amostra
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(cúbicos)

B20(C16/20) 16 20

B25(C20/25) 20 25

2.1. TENSÃO DE ROTURA À COMPRESSÃO

A tensão de rotura do betão à compressão deve ser determinada por ensaios de cubos de 20 cm
de aresta ou por ensaios de cilindros de 15 cm de diâmetro e 30 cm de altura. Na determinação
dos valores característicos da tensão de rotura à compressão, necessária à classificação dos
betões (ver artigo 13.º) do REBAP, os ensaios devem ser realizados aos 28 dias de idade, para a
determinação das tensões de rotura do betão à compressão devem ser feitos ensaios na Idade do
betão (dias) 3, 7 ,14 e 28., onde poder-se-ão tomar os valores do coeficiente de endurecimento
(relação entre as tensões de rotura aos 28 dias de idade indicados no quadro seguinte:

Idade do betão 3 7 14 28 90 360 ∞

(dias)

Coeficiente de 0.40 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.20 1.35 1.45

endurecimento

Estes valores se referem a betões com composição e condições de fabrico e de cura correntes, e
cujo ligante é o cimento Portland normal de endurecimento corrente.

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3. OBEJECTO EM ESTUDO

3.1. FOUNDATION ELEMENT REPORT FOR CONCRETE B20 AND

CONCRETE B25

1.1 - For Concrete B20

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1.2 - For Concrete B25

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 4. DESCRIPTION

Vide abaixo a tabela comparativa entre as classes de betão em análise:

Percentage
CONCRETE CONCRETE
Change in
B20 B25
Foundation Size
Reference
References Material Geometry Reinforcement Material Geometry Reinforcement
s
P1 Concrete: B20 Square footing Top X: 8Ø12@15 P1 Concrete: Grade Square footing Top X: 7Ø12@15 8.3%<10%
Width: 130.0 cm Top Y: 8Ø12@15 25 Width: 120.0 cm Top Y: 7Ø12@15 acceptable
Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 8Ø12@15 Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 7Ø12@15
Bott Y: 8Ø12@15 Bott Y: 7Ø12@15
P2 Concrete: B20 Square footing Top X: 8Ø12@15 P2 Concrete: Grade Square footing Top X: 7Ø12@15 8.3%<10%
Width: 130.0 cm Top Y: 8Ø12@15 25 Width: 120.0 cm Top Y: 7Ø12@15 acceptable
Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 8Ø12@15 Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 7Ø12@15
Bott Y: 8Ø12@15 Bott Y: 7Ø12@15
P16 Concrete: B20 Square footing Top X: 5Ø10@15 P16 Concrete: Grade Square footing Top X: 5Ø10@15 No Variation
Width: 80.0 cm Top Y: 5Ø10@15 25 Width: 80.0 cm Top Y: 5Ø10@15 OK
Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 5Ø10@15 Depth: 40.0 cm Bott X: 5Ø10@15
Bott Y: 5Ø10@15 Bott Y: 5Ø10@15

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3.- Code checks

Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Minimum depth:
Minimum: 15 Minimum depth: Minimum: 15
cm Verified cm No Variation
Verified
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 40 OK
Criteria of CYPE Criteria of CYPE
cm cm

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Space to anchor starter bars in Space to anchor starter bars in No Variation
foundation: foundation: OK

Minimum: 0 cm Verified Minimum: 0 cm Verified

- P1: - P1:
Calculated: 34 Calculated: 34
cm cm
Minimum geometric Minimum geometric No Variation
ratio: ratio: OK
SABS 0100-1. Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Minimum:
Article 4.11.4 0.0013 Article 4.11.4 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
Maximum bar Maximum bar No Variation
spacing: spacing: OK
SABS 0100-1. Article Maximum: 75 SABS 0100-1. Article Maximum: 75
4.11.8.2.2 cm 4.11.8.2.2 cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Minimum bar Minimum bar No Variation
spacing: spacing: OK
Criteria of CYPE Minimum: 10 Criteria of CYPE Minimum: 10
Ingenieros cm Ingenieros cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Anchorage Anchorage
length: length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS 0100- CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS 0100-
1. Article 4.11.6' 1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
rgt: cm rgt: cm acceptable
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
lft: cm lft: cm acceptable
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 20 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15 14%<20%
upwards: cm upwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 25 Calculated: 25
cm Verified cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 20 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15 14%<20%
downwards: cm downwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 25 Calculated: 25
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
rgt: cm rgt: cm acceptable
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 35
cm Verified cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
lft: cm lft: cm acceptable
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 35
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22 - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18 14%<20%
upwards: cm upwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 35 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22 - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18 14%<20%
downwards: cm downwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 35 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified
Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10 Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10
hooks: cm hooks: cm

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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20 14%<20%
rgt: cm Verified rgt: cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20 14%<20%
lft: cm Verified lft: cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20 14%<20%
upwards: cm Verified upwards: cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20 14%<20%
downwards: cm Verified downwards: cm Verified acceptable
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25
rgt: cm Verified rgt: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 No Variation
lft: cm Verified lft: cm Verified OK
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25
upwards: cm Verified upwards: cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P1 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25
downwards: cm Verified downwards: cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Minimum depth: Minimum depth:
Minimum: 15 Minimum: 15
cm cm No Variation
Verified Verified
Criteria of CYPE Calculated: 40 Calculated: 40 OK
Criteria of CYPE
cm cm
Space to anchor starter bars in Space to anchor starter bars in
foundation: foundation:
Minimum: 0 cm Verified Minimum: 0 cm Verified
- P2: Calculated: 34
- P2: Calculated: 34
cm cm
Minimum geometric ratio: Minimum geometric ratio:

SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Article Minimum:

0.0013 4.11.4 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019
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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated: No Variation
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019 OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019
Maximum bar Maximum bar
spacing: Maximum: 75 spacing: Maximum: 75
SABS 0100-1. Article cm SABS 0100-1. Article cm
4.11.8.2.2 4.11.8.2.2
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
Verified Verified
direction: cm direction: cm OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Minimum bar Minimum bar
spacing: spacing:
Criteria of CYPE Minimum: 10 Criteria of CYPE Minimum: 10
Ingenieros cm Ingenieros cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Anchorage length: Anchorage length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6' CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20
rgt: cm rgt: cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 30 acceptable
cm cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
lft: cm lft: cm acceptable
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18 14%<20%
upwards: cm upwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 20 Calculated: 20
cm Verified cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18 14%<20%
downwards: cm downwards: cm acceptable
Calculated: 20 Calculated: 20
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
rgt: cm rgt: cm acceptable
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 35
cm Verified cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20
lft: cm lft: cm
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 35
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22 - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 25
upwards: cm upwards: cm
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 25
cm Verified cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22 - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 25
downwards: cm downwards: cm
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 25
cm Verified cm Verified
Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10 Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10
hooks: cm hooks: cm

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20
rgt: cm Verified rgt: cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20
lft: cm Verified lft: cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20
upwards: cm Verified upwards: cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20
downwards: cm Verified downwards: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25
rgt: cm Verified rgt: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25
lft: cm Verified lft: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 No Variation
upwards: cm Verified upwards: cm Verified OK

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Percentage
Reference: P2 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25
downwards: cm Verified downwards: cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Minimum depth: Minimum: 15 Minimum depth: Minimum: 15
Criteria of CYPE cm Criteria of CYPE cm No Variation
Verified Verified
Calculated: 40 Calculated: 40 OK
cm cm
Space to anchor starter bars in Minimum: 0 cm Space to anchor starter bars in Minimum: 0 cm
foundation: Verified foundation: Verified
Calculated: 34 Calculated: 34
- P16: cm - P16: cm
Minimum geometric ratio: Minimum geometric ratio:
SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum:
0.0013 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated: No Variation
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified OK

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 PAGE.
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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 26/39
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PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
Maximum bar spacing: Maximum bar spacing:
Maximum: 75 Maximum: 75
SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.8.2.2 cm SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.8.2.2 cm

- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation

Verified Verified
direction: cm direction: cm OK
- Minimum bar spacing:
Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y direction: Calculated: 15
Verified Verified
Criteria of CYPE cm cm
Ingenieros

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 27/39
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PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Minimum bar spacing:
Minimum: 10
Criteria of CYPE Ingenieros cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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 PAGE.
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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 28/39
REV.
PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Anchorage Anchorage
length: length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6' 0100-1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20 14%<20%
rgt: cm rgt: cm acceptable
Calculated: 30 Calculated: 30
cm Verified cm Verified
Minimum: 25 Minimum: 20
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
lft: Calculated: 30 lft: Calculated: 30 acceptable
cm cm

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 29/39
REV.
PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Minimum: 15 Minimum: 18
- Bott. reinf. Y direction cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
upwards: Calculated: 20 upwards: Calculated: 20 acceptable
cm cm
Minimum: 15 Minimum: 18
- Bott. reinf. Y direction cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
downwards: Calculated: 20 downwards: Calculated: 20 acceptable
cm cm
Minimum: 25 Minimum: 20
- Top reinf. X direction toward cm - Top reinf. X direction toward cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
rgt: Calculated: 40 rgt: Calculated: 35 acceptable
cm cm

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 30/39
REV.
PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
Minimum: 25 Minimum: 20
- Top reinf. X direction toward cm - Top reinf. X direction toward cm 14%<20%
Verified Verified
lft: Calculated: 40 lft: Calculated: 35 acceptable
cm cm
Minimum: 22 Minimum: 25
- Top reinf. Y direction cm - Top reinf. Y direction cm
Verified Verified
upwards: Calculated: 30 upwards: Calculated: 25
cm cm
Minimum: 22 Minimum: 25
- Top reinf. Y direction cm - Top reinf. Y direction cm
downwards: Verified Verified
Calculated: 30 downwards: Calculated: 25
cm cm
Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10 Minimum length of the end Minimum: 10
hooks: cm hooks: cm

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 PAGE.
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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 31/39
REV.
PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20
Verified Verified
rgt: cm rgt: cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 20
Verified Verified
lft: cm lft: cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20
Verified Verified
upwards: cm upwards: cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 20
Verified Verified
downwards: cm downwards: cm
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25
rgt: cm Verified rgt: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 25
lft: cm Verified lft: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 No Variation
upwards: cm Verified upwards: cm Verified OK

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES Page 32/39
REV.
PROJECT No.: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 – CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130 x 130 x 40 Details: 120 x 120 x 40 Foundation
bars
Code checks Values Status Code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25 - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: 25
downwards: cm Verified downwards: cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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 5. ANÁLISES FINAIS COMPARATIVAS SOBRE A TENSÃO DE ROTUDA ENTRE O
B20 e B25

Após a analise do comportamento da tensão de rotura entre os betões B20 e B25 (que são as
classes intermédias entre o betão obtido pôs ensaiose o betão apresentado nos pressupostos),
chegou-se à conclusão que para as sapatas em causa P1, P2 e P16 para uma resistência de 20Mpa
verificam os parâmetros de segurança.

O Eurocódigo 2 (EN 1992-1-1) estabelece a variação limite de armaduras de aço em uma sapata
de betão. De acordo com o artigo 9.4.2.4(4) deste regulamento, a variação limite para o volume de
armadura de aço em uma sapata é de ±20%. Isso significa que o volume de armadura de aço em
uma sapata não deve variar mais do que 20% em relação ao valor nominal.

Além disso, o Eurocódigo 2 também estabelece limites para outras variações dimensionais, como
a espessura da sapata, que deve ser verificada para garantir que a variação esteja dentro dos
limites aceitáveis. O artigo 7.4.3(2) do Eurocódigo 2 estabelece que a variação da espessura da
sapata não deve exceder ±10% em relação à espessura nominal.

Esses limites são estabelecidos para garantir a segurança e a estabilidade da estrutura, garantindo
que as dimensões e as quantidades de materiais estejam dentro dos limites aceitáveis para o
correto dimensionamento e verificação das estruturas de betão armado.

6. O PRÉ DIMENSIONAMENTO MANUAL FEITO OBEDECENDO UMA

RESISTÊNCIA DE 22.21MPA

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Para pré-dimensionar a sapata, iremos seguir o Eurocódigo 2 (EC2) para o betão armado, o EC7
para as geotécnicas e o EC8 para o dimensionamento sísmico.

6.1. PASSO 1: VERIFICAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES E COMBINAÇÕES DE CARGAS

(EC1)

Com base nas informações sobre a localização do projeto, adotaremos a classe de exposição XC1
e a classe de resistência B25(C20/25) para o betão, conforme o EC2.

Dados extraídos do Programa para o Pilar P1:

A carga vertical na sapata será dada pela equação:

N=∑ Nsd/ γf

14.69+0.03+(17,06/0,6)
N=
1.5

43.15
N=
1.5

N=28.77 kN

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A carga horizontal na sapata será dada por:

Mx=∑ Msd x / γf

−0.28+ 0.01+(0,21/0,6) 0.08

Mx= =
1.5 1.5

Mx=0.053 kNm

My =∑ Msd y / γf

0.23+ 0.06+(8,41/0,6) 14.3

My = =
1.5 1.5

My =9.54 kNm

As cargas verticais e horizontais serão combinadas seguindo as combinações de cargas do EC1.

Adotaremos a combinação mais desfavorável, que é a combinação 1.5G + 1.5Q, onde G é a carga
permanente (peso próprio da estrutura e elementos fixos) e Q é a carga variável (carga acidental e
ocupação).

Portanto, as ações de dimensionamento serão:

Nsd=1 .5 x 28.77

Nsd=43.15 kN

Msdx =1. 5 x 0.053

Msdx =0.08 kNm

Msdy=1. 5 x 9.54

Msdy =14.31 kNm

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6.2. PASSO 2: DETERMINAÇÃO DAS DIMENSÕES DA SAPATA (EC7)

A área da sapata pode ser calculada por:

Nsd
A=
σadm

σadm=qadm x γf

σadm=337.5 kPa

43.15 kN
A=
337.5 kPa x 1.20 m x 1.20 m

A=0.09 m²

Assumindo uma espessura de 0,4 m, a largura da sapata pode ser determinada por:

A
b=
d

0.09
b=
0.4

b=0.23 m

Portanto, adotaremos uma sapata com dimensões de 1.20 m x 1.20 m x 0.4 m (comprimento x
largura x espessura).

6.3. PASSO 3: VERIFICAÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA DA SAPATA (EC2)

Tensão de contato:

Nsd
σ c=
A
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43.15
σ c= =30 kPa
1.20 x 1.20

Tensão admissível do solo:

σadm > σc

337.5 kPa > 30 kPa (ok)

Momento fletor resistente:

O momento fletor resistente pode ser calculado pela equação:

ωbd ² fcd
Mrd=
γm

onde:

ω = 1.0 (para betão armado com armadura não protendida)

b = 1.20 m (largura da sapata)

d = 0.4 m (altura da sapata)

αcc x fck
fcd=
γc

αcc = 0.85 para betão de classe B25 (C20/25)

fck = 22.21 MPa (resistência característica do betão)

γc = 1.5 (coeficiente parcial de segurança do betão)

γm = 1.15 (coeficiente parcial de segurança para as ações variáveis)

0.85 x 22.21 MPa

fcd=
1.5

fcd=¿ 12.56Mpa
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2
1.0 x 1.20 m x 0. 4 12.56
Mrd=
1.15

Mrd=¿ 88.16kNm

6.4. VERIFICAÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA DA SAPATA

A verificação da segurança da sapata pode ser feita comparando o momento fletor resistente
(Mrd) com o momento fletor de cálculo (MEd), calculado a partir das ações combinadas:

Msd =√ Msd x 2 + Msdy ²

Msd =√ 0.0 8 + 14.31²

2

Msd =14.31kNm

Msd < Mrd

14.31<88.16(Ok !)

Com a resistência característica do betão (22.21 Mpa), resultante do teste de compressão de betão,
a sapata está segura para as ações e combinações de cargas consideradas.

7. CONCLUSÃO

O traço de um betão com fck = 22.21 MPa pode variar dependendo de diversos fatores, como o
tipo de cimento utilizado, as características dos materiais constituintes (areia, brita, água), as
condições de cura, entre outros.

Geralmente, o traço é determinado com base em ensaios de laboratório, seguindo uma dosagem
que apresente as propriedades mecânicas desejadas para a aplicação específica do betão.

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Para este pré-dimensionamento da sapata, foi utiliza o traço de referência de 1:2:3, ou seja, uma
mistura composta de uma parte de cimento, duas partes de areia e três partes de brita. Analisando
ao nível de coeficiente de segurança a resistência de 22,21Mpa não constitui perigo para as
sapatas em estudo.

No entanto, é importante lembrar que essa é apenas uma análise e que é necessário realizar
ensaios de laboratório para confirmar as propriedades mecânicas do betão utilizado na obra.

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