Sinais e Sistemas

Motivação

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 CONCEITOS

• SINAL - é uma abstração de qualquer quantidade mensurável

que é uma função de uma ou mais variáveis independentes, pr
exemplo tempo e espaço.
• Tensões e correntes AC
• Som entrando no ouvido
• População de qualquer país

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 CONCEITOS

• SISTEMA - é uma abstração que recebe um sinal de entrada,

opera sobre ele e produz um sinal de saída.
• Automóvel - recebe a posição do acelerador e gera um deslocamento
• Câmera fotográfica - recebe luz e transforma em uma imagem digital

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 FERRAMENTAS MATEMÁTICAS

• Transformada de Fourier
• Transformada de Laplace
• Transformada Z

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAIS EXPONENCIAIS

at
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sha1_base64="hyaosbeC7wBHNLuv2HOxsb2R9mg=">AAABa3icZY/LTsJAFIbP4A3xQoWdumhsTGBDOmxcmTS6YYmJBRILZDoe64TpJTNTg2n6Hm71rXwI30EENsi3+vKfc/LnhJkU2rjuN6ns7O7tH1QPa0fHJ6d166wx0GmuOPo8lakahUyjFAn6RhiJo0whi0OJw3B2/zcfvqHSIk0ezXuG45hFiXgRnJlFNJm3TNu+te9wUjBTTi3H7bhL7G2ha3G8RtCGBf2p1QueU57HmBgumdZP1M3MuGDKCC6xrAW5xozxGYuwiBTLXgWfb6bz5QtlbVFN/xdty6DboW6HPlDH68KKKlzAFbSAwg140IM++MBBwQd8whf8kCY5J5er1QpZ3zRhA3L9C2ASW9M=</latexit>

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sha1_base64="EYpq1derMn5U/4Mi+ARltDbL/Dg=">AAABa3icSyrIySwuMTC4ycjEzMLKxs7BycXNw8vHLyAoFFacX1qUnBqanJ+TXxSRlFicmpOZlxpaklmSkxpRUJSamJuUkxqelO0Mkg8vSy0qzszPCympLEiNzU1Mz8tMy0xOLAEKxVVolGgq2Co4pcZVJ5bUxgsoG+gZgIECJsMQylB2EIrR+HqoPyYgXsAjJiU/uTQ3Na8kOSexuDja0KCgJLY6sagkMzkntZYrprQ4tSAxOTsxPbU6vSixICMzuQJVtALshVouoNWG6BZhMsKM9AwN9AwDDZUdjBgggINBmkGJQYPBkMGcwYHBgyGAIZQhmaGIYQbDQoZFDG8ZhRmlGGUgSpkYoXqEGVAAoyoAesledA==</latexit>
x(t) = Be
• Crescente a > 0
• Decrescente a < 0

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 ANALÓGICO vs DIGITAL

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAIS ELEMENTARES

• Exponencial
• Senoidal
• Função Degrau
• Função Impulso
• Função Rampa

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAIS EXPONENCIAIS

x[n] = Brn
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r = e↵

• Crescente r > 1
• Decrescente 0 < r < 1

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAIS SENOIDAIS

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x(t) = A cos(!t + )

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 IDENTIDADE DE EULER

ej! = cos(✓) + jsen(✓)

Bej!t = Aej ej!t
Bej!t
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= Acos(!t + ) + jAsen(!t + )

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAL SENOIDAL AMORTECIDO

↵t
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X(t) = Ae sen(!t + )

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 FUNÇÃO DEGRAU

u(t) = 0, t < 0 u(n) = 0, n < 0

u(t) = 1, t 0
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u(n) = 1, n 0
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Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 FUNÇÃO IMPULSO

[n] = 1, n = 0
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[n] = 0, n 6= 0

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 FUNÇÃO RAMPA

r(t) = 0, t < 0
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r(t) = t, t 0

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 APLICAÇÕES

• Sistemas de Comunicação
• Sistemas de Controle
• Sinais Biomédicos
• Sistemas de Áudio

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SISTEMAS DE COMUNICAÇÕES

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SISTEMAS DE CONTROLE

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SINAIS BIOMÉDICOS

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista

 SISTEMAS DE AUDIO

Sinais e Sistemas para Engenharia - Prof. Roberto Baptista