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Conjunctions (Conjunções) e Marcadores de CAPÍTULO 14

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discurso.

25
90
O
CA
EI
NC
CO
Conjunções são palavras ou um conjunto de palavras – Quando queremos contrastar ideias, usamos

A
que servem para unir duas orações, sentenças ou termos. conjunções como:

LV
Equivalem ao “e”, “ou”, “mas”, “então”, em português. but – mas

SI
Conjunções são utilizadas para exemplificar, acrescentar however – entretanto/ todavia

DA
informação, indicar consequência, contrastar ideias etc. nevertheless – no entanto/ contudo

AR
– Para acrescentar ideias, podemos usar conjun- all the same – mesmo assim

IM
ções como: while – enquanto que

TA
and – e despite the fact that – apesar disso
as well as – bemm como, assim como, além de in spite of the fact that – apesar disso

3
05
besides – além disso/ Junto a nonetheless – contudo/ todavia

02
in addition to – além de/ em adição on the one hand… on the other hand – por um

07
in addition – além disso lado… /por outro lado…
not only … but also … – não somente… mas 25
as opposed to – em oposição a
90
também whereas – enquanto que
O

moreover – além disso/ além do mais in contrast – em comparação

CA

furthermore – além disso/ além do mais even though – embora

EI

what’s more – além disso/ além do mais though – embora

NC

on top of that – além disso tudo * Observação: Apesar de although, even though e
CO

though possuírem a mesma tradução, eles são utiliza-

– Para indicar sequência de ações, podemos
A

dos em contextos diferentes. “although” é utilizado

LV

usar conjunções como: para contextos formais, enquanto “though” costuma

SI

for a start- para começar ser utilizado em contextos informais. Podendo ser es-
DA

first of all – antes de tudo/ em primeiro lugar, an- crito no começo, meio e final da sentença. Já o “even
tes de qualquer. firstly – primeiramente though” é utilizado para dar mais ênfase à informa-
R
MA

to start with – para começar ção.

second – em segundo lugar
AI
3T

secondly – em segundo lugar Ex.: Even though I studied hard, I didn’t pass the
third – em terceiro lugar test.
5
20

next – em seguida (Embora eu tenha estudado muito, eu não passei

70

meanwhile – enquanto isso no teste.)

0

finally – finalmente
25

I didn’t get the job though I had the necessary

90

last – por último

qualification.
O

– Para darmos exemplos, podemos usar conjun- (Eu não consegui o emprego, embora eu tivesse a
CA

ções como: qualificação necessária.)

EI

for example – por exemplo

NC

such as – tais como Although it rained all day, we enjoyed the football
CO

for instance – por exemplo match very much.

A

in the case of – no caso de (Embora tenha chovido, nós aproveitamos muito

LV

as shown by – como mostrado por / como indica- a partida de futebol.)

SI

do por /como representado por

DA
AR

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– Quando queremos prover razões, usamos con- in order that – para que/ de modo a/ a fim de

O
junções como: so as that – para que/ de modo a/ a fim de

CA
because – porque, pois

EI
for – pois CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

NC
because of – por causa de (CONJUNÇÕES CORRELATIVAS)

CO
as a result – como resultado/em consequência/ As conjunções correlativas funcionam como pares
consequentemente de palavras ou orações utilizadas para relacionar duas

A
LV
as a consequence – como consequência/conse- possibilidades de escolha, ligar duas ideias negativas

SI
quentemente ou expressar uma preferência dentre duas possibili-

DA
accordingly – consequentemente dades. .
thus – consequentemente As conjunções correlativas são: either...or, nei-

AR
hence – consequentemente ther...nor, both...and, not only...but also, whe-

IM
consequently – consequentemente ther...or

TA
for that reason – por essa razão

3
due to – devido a – EITHER...OR

05
therefore – por isso Utilizamos o either...or para falarmos sobre uma es-

02
colha entre duas possibilidades, ou mais.

07
– Para qualificações e concessões, podemos usar Obs.: Quando usarmos either...or, o verbo concor-
conjunções como: 25
dará com o substantivo que o precede
90
even so – ainda assim/ mesmo assim
O

all the same – mesmo assim/ ainda assim Ex.: They can go either by plane or by car.
CA

anyway – de qualquer forma/ de qualquer maneira (Eles podem ir de avião ou carro.)

EI

at least – pelo menos

NC

I like to watch either horror or drama movies on tv.

CO

– Para resumir informações, podemos usar con- ( Eu gosto de assistir ou terror ou drama na tv.)
junções como:
A
LV

in short – em resumo – NEITHER...NOR

SI

on the whole – de modo geral Utilizamos o neither...nor para ligarmos duas idéias
DA

to a certain extent – até certo ponto negativas.

to some extent – até certo ponto Obs.: Quando usarmos neither...nor, o verbo con-
R
MA

in a nutshell – em resumo cordará com o substantivo que o precede

in other words – em outras palavras
AI

Ex.: I neither smoke nor drink.

3T

in sum – em resumo
( Eu não fumo nem bebo.)
in brief – de modo breve
5
20

My house is neither big nor small.

70

– Para dar ênfase, podemos usar conjunções

(Minha casa não é nem grande nem pequena.)
0

como:
25

indeed – na verdade
90

– BOTH...AND
in fact – na verdade
O

Both...and é utilizado para enfatizar dois elemen-

CA

as a matter of fact – na verdade tos coordenados em uma frase.

above all – acima de tudo
EI

Ex.:Both my sister and my brother worked in the

NC

steel plant
– Para expressar propósito, podemos usar con-
CO

(Ambos minha irmã e meu irmão trabalhavam na

junções como:
fábrica de aço.)
A

to – para
LV

in order to – para They both sing and dance.

SI

so as to – para (Eles cantam e dançam.)

DA
AR

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She is both pretty and clever. There are a lot of people of German origin in Min-

O
(Ela é tão bonita e esperta.) nesota, if I’m not wrong.

CA
(Existem muitas pessoas de origem germânica em

EI
Marcadores de discurso Minnesota, se eu não estou errado.)

NC
A necessidade de expressar nossas opiniões são
as far as I know Que eu saiba...

CO
evidentes em quaisquer línguas que falemos. Seja em
as far as I can tell Pelo que eu sei...
uma conversa com amigos, em um trabalho escolar,

A
ou até mesmo entre pessoas que acabamos de conhe- to my knowledge Pelo que me consta...

LV
cer. to the best of my knowledge Se eu não me engano

SI
No inglês, encontramos muitas expressões que if I’m not wrong Se eu não estiver errado...

DA
nos ajudam a mostrar nossas opiniões, concordar ou if I remember well Se eu me lembro...

AR
discordar sem parecermos mal educados ou agressi- In my opinion Na minha opinião...

IM
vos. In my view Na minha visão...

TA
Quando queremos expressar nosso posiciona-

3
05
mento sobre algo, podemos usar as seguintes ex- Quando queremos introduzir um novo assun-

02
pressões: to, podemos usar as seguintes expressões:

07
Ex.: All the rooms keep a high freezing tempe-
Ex.: From my point of view Microsoft is the
25
90
first-class operating system. rature system. By the way, have you brought warm
clothing ?
O

(No meu ponto de vista, Microsoft é o melhor sis-

CA

tema operacional.) (Todas as salas contam com um sistema de resfria-

mento. A propósito, você trouxe uma roupa de frio?)
EI
NC

Speaking for myself, people need to be careful

She travels on vacation twice a year. Speaking of
CO

when they give their opinions.

(Falando por mim, as pessoas precisam ser cuida- that, has she already traveled this year?
A

dosas quando dão suas opiniões.) (Ela viaja duas vezes por ano. Falando nisso, ela já
LV

viajou esse ano?)

SI

In my opinion Na minha opinião...

DA

By the way A propósito

from the standpoint of Do meu ponto de vista...
Speaking of that Falando nisso
R

from my point of view No meu ponto de vista...

MA

Incidentally A propósito
Partindo do pressuposto
based on the assumption that
que... On/as a side note A propósito
AI
3T

Speaking for myself.. Falando por mim...

5

Personally, I think... Pessoalmente, eu acho...

Quando queremos fazer uma introdução, pode-
20

I (strongly) believe that... Eu acredito que... mos usar as seguintes expressões:

70

I really feel that... Eu realmente sinto que...

0
25

If you ask me... Se você me perguntar... Ex.: First of all, I have to understand exactly what
90

happened.
O

(Em primeiro lugar, eu tenho que entender exata-

Quando queremos expressar incerteza sobre
CA

mente o que aconteceu.)

algo, podemos usar as seguintes expressões:
EI
NC

It wasn’t him who did that in the first place.

Ex.: I like him and as far as I know, he likes me
(Não foi ele, em primeiro lugar.)
CO

too. I’ve never seen any signs that he doesn’t.

(Eu gosto dele, e que eu saiba, ele também gosta de First of all Em primeiro lugar
A
LV

mim. Eu não vi nenhum sinal que ele não gostasse.) In the first place Em primeiro lugar
SI

To begin with para começar

DA
AR

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Quando queremos mostrar contraste de idéia, ASKING FOR AN OPINION

O
podemos usar as seguintes expressões: What’s your idea (on...)?

CA
What do you think about it?

EI
Ex.: Arranged marriages are common in Midd-

NC
Do you agree with that?
le Eastern and Asian countries. In the West, on the
Is that what you think?

CO
other hand, they are unusual.
Have you got an opinion about it?
(Casamentos arranjados eram comuns no Oriente

A
Médio e em países asiáticos. No oeste, por outro lado, How do you feel about it?

LV
não eram usuais.) Do you have anything to say about it?

SI
And you? What do you think?

DA
All mothers are women. Conversely, not all wo- Is that right?

AR
men are mothers.

IM
(Todas as mães são mulheres, em compensação, AGREEING

TA
nem toda mulher é mãe.) Of course
You’re absolutely right

3
Even if... Mesmo que

05
Yes, I agree.
(On the one hand, …) On the

02
Por outro lado
other hand, … I think so too.

07
Conversely … Em compensação That’s a (very) good point.
Unlike... Ao contrário 25 Oh yes, that’s right.
90
Exactly.
Abaixo uma lista com mais marcadores de discur-
O
CA

I don’t think so either.

so:
EI

That’s true.
EXPRESSING OPINION
NC

That’s just what I was thinking.

Personal:
CO

I couldn’t agree more.

In my opinion...
That’s exactly what I think.
A

In my experience...
LV

I think you’re right.

Speaking for myself...
SI

Personally, I think... I hear you.

DA

I (strongly) believe that... Yes, me too / me neither.

I really feel that...
R

DISAGREEING POLITELY
MA

If you ask me...

I see, but that’s different.
General:
AI

Sorry, I don’t agree with you.

3T

Some people say that...

Many/Most people think/believe that... I don’t see it that way.
5
20

Everybody knows that... That’s not entirely true.

70

According to scientists... That’s partly true but...

0

The thing is that... I see your point but...

25

The point is that..

90

I’m sorry to disagree with you but...

Yes, but don’t you think...?
O

CHECKING IF THEY UNDERSTAND

CA

I think that’s not the same thing at all.

Do you know what I mean?
EI

Does it make sense? On the contrary...

NC

I don’t know if I’m explaining it correctly. Well, I’m not so sure about that.
CO

Sorry, I think that’s wrong.

EXPLAINING THINGS BETTER Yeah, but the problem is that...
A

What I mean is...

LV

Well, I think it’s not as simple as that.

What I’m trying to say is that...
SI
DA
AR

120 INGLÊS
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EXERCÍCIOS a) Also / however / even so

O
b) Because / otherwise / anyhow

CA
c) Moreover / instead / in addition
1. Read the text and answer the question

EI
d) Hence / as well / in spite of

NC
e) However / therefore / although

CO
3. Read the synopsis and answer question.

A
LV
SI
DA
AR
IM
TA
3
A similar meaning to “as”, in bold type in the pas-

05
sage, is

02
07
a) like

25
b) when
c) while
90
d) though
O

Fill in the blank with the suitable option:

CA

a) Besides 4. How things work: 100 scientific explanations

EI

b) Because Preservation property has always been impor-

NC

c) Although tant to humans. Historians in the ninth century

CO

d) Therefore were the first to record the use of varnish, a pro-

tective liquid composed of resins, natural oils,
A

2. Choose the correct option to complete the para-

LV

and alcohol, among other ingredients. Furnitu-

graph below.
SI

re makers learned that if they painted coats of

Is an autonomous ship a ‘ship’ in the eyes of the the stuff on a piece of furniture or wood floor, it
DA

law? made it impervious to liquids and their damage

R

Different definitions of ‘ship’ appear in different and shielded it from normal wear and tear. And
MA

statutes and conventions, and it has often fal- the makers liked the shine furniture had after it
AI

len to judges to decide if a floating object is, was varnished.

3T

or is not, a ‘ship’. ______________ , none of the Varnish comes in many formulations. Some are
5

definitions of ship’ requires that the floating oil based, using linseed or tung oil, while others
20

object be manned, generally simply requiring are water-based. Varnish cures, or dries, on what
70

that it be used or be capable of being used in it’s painted, creating a glossy, clear film on the
0

navigation. Whether this is by remote control

25

surface. Some oil-based varnishes can turn to

or fully autonomous would not appear to be
90

a yellowish color; water-based varieties do not.

a problem in terms of the legal definition of a Wood must be carefully cleaned and sanded
O

‘ship’. It appears probable,________________ ,

CA

before any varnish is applied. Several coats are

that autonomous ships are likely to fall within often required. All varnishes contain resins —
EI

the legal definition of ‘ship’ and so will have to

NC

terpenes with five-carbon molecules called iso-

comply with the relevant laws and conventions prenes and also include a drying oil or solvent to
CO

______________ the laws themselves might re- reduce drying time.

quire some modification.
A

Although furniture and flooors are still the most

LV

(Abridged from SEAWAYS -The International Jour- frequently varnished items, the wooden hulls
SI

nal o f the Nautical Inslitute. Dec/2017). of boats are also often varnished. Clear nail po-
DA
AR

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lish, a type of varnish, can be used for countless So are there any downsides to removing mos-

O
small fixes: dab small amounts to keep splintered quitoes? Mosquitoes, which mostly feed on plant

CA
wood from snagging, prevent ink from running, nectar, are important pollinators. They are also a

EI
and stop buttons on clothing or screws on sun- food source for birds and bats while their young

NC
glasses from coming loose. – as larvae – are consumed by fish and frogs. This
could have an effect further ahead in the food

CO
(National Geographic Special Publication “How
Things Work” Adapted.) chain. Mosquitoes also have limited the destruc-

A
tive impact of humanity on nature. Mosquitoes
In “Although furniture ... varnished items” AL-

LV
make tropical rainforests, for humans, virtually
THOUGH does NOT mean:

SI
uninhabitable. Rainforests are home to a large
a) Albeit.

DA
share of our total plant and animal species, and
b) Hence. nothing has done more to delay man-made des-

AR
c) Nevertheless. truction over the past 10,000 years than the mos-

IM
d) Notwithstanding. quito.

TA
5. Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes? Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/magazi-

3
ne-35408835

05
The mosquito is the most dangerous animal
In the sentence “This could have an effect fur-

02
in the world, carrying diseases that kill one
ther ahead in the food chain.” (paragraph 4),

07
million people a year. Now the Zika virus, whi-
the word further expresses
25
ch is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked
a) addition.
90
with thousands of babies born with brain de-
fects in South America. There are 3,500 kno- b) distance.
O

wn species of mosquitoes, but only the fema- c) contrast.

CA

les from just 6% of species draw blood from d) time.

EI

humans – to help them develop their eggs. Of e) conclusion.

NC

these, just half carry parasites that cause hu-

CO

man diseases. 6. Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que

complete a sentença corretamente:
A

More than a million people, mostly from poorer

LV

nations, die each year from mosquito-borne dise- _____________ the cost of a college education at
SI

ases, including Malaria, Dengue Fever and Yellow Central Wyoming College is relatively low, many
students need and receive financial aid.
DA

Fever. Some mosquitoes also carry the Zika virus,

which was first thought to cause only mild fever a) Although
R

and rashes. However, scientists are now worried b) Besides

MA

that it can damage babies in the womb. There’s a c) No sooner

AI

constant effort to educate people to use nets and d) Despite

3T

other tactics to avoid being bitten. But would it e) However

5

just be simpler to make an entire species of dise-

20

ase-carrying mosquito extinct? 7. Para a questão, escolha a alternativa que

70

In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the complete a sentença corretamente:

0
25

biotech firm Oxitec have genetically modified Fat? No way! Jane isn’t fat at all. ________________,
90

(GM) the males of Aedes aegypti – a mosquito she is quite skinny.

O

species that carries both the Zika and Dengue a) In any case
CA

viruses. These GM males carry a gene that stops b) By rights

EI

their offspring from developing properly. This se- c) Nevertheless

NC

cond generation of mosquitoes then die before d) Although

they can reproduce and become carriers of dise- e) On the contrary
CO

ase themselves.
A
LV
SI
DA
AR

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8. 10.

O
CA
EI
NC
CO
A
LV
SI
DA
AR
IM
TA
3
05
02
07
25
In the segment “... intergroup factors rather than
90
“At last”, (line 7), is closest in meaning to individual factors...”, (lines 11 and 12), the expres-
O

sion rather than means

CA

a) when. c) finally.
b) while. d) as soon as. a) owing to. c) instead of.
EI

b) as long as. d) because of.

NC

9.
CO

11. Fill in the blank with the correct response:

I can understand English _______ I can’t speak it.
A
LV

a) so
SI

b) or
DA

c) but
d) because
R
MA

12.
AI
3T
5
20
70
0
25
90
O
CA
EI

“despite”, (line 04), can be replaced by

NC

a) in spite of.
CO

b) instead of.
c) because of.
A
LV

d) as a result of.
SI
DA
AR

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90
“Indeed”, (line 11), can be replaced by

O
a) however.

CA
b) in reality.

EI
c) questionably

NC
d) to a certain point.

CO
13. Observe the fragment taken from the blues Blow

A
Wind Blow (Muddy Waters, Paul Butterfield)

LV
When the sun rose this morn

SI
I didn’t have my baby by my side

DA
When the sun rose this morning,

AR
I didn’t have my baby by my side.

IM
I don’t know where she was,

TA
I know she’s out with some another guy.

3
Fill in the blank with the suitable option.

05
In the context of the song, the word “when” can
be substituted for a) Unless

02
b) Besides

07
a) while.
c) However
25
b) even though.
d) Therefore
90
c) considering that.
d) by the time.
O

16.
CA

14.
EI
NC
CO
A
LV

The
SI

conjunction “so” (line 03), in the text, can be re-

DA

placed by
R

a) because
MA

b) however
AI

c) even though
3T

d) and therefore
5
20

“regardless”, (line 11), is similar in meaning to 17.

70

a) despite c) without
0
25

b) besides d) throughout
90

15.
O
CA

The underlined word in line 1 can be replaced by

EI

only one of the words below. Choose the right

NC

alternative.
CO

a) Since
A

b) Below
LV

c) Before
SI

d) Through
DA
AR

124 INGLÊS
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18. U.K. Cyclists to Deliver Bikes, Supplies to Cal- 19. Which of the alternatives completes the sen-

O
ais Refugees tence correctly?

CA
Sarah Morpurgo has no idea how many people The population must bear in mind that

EI
will join her on a 65‐mile bike trip this weekend ____________ the UK has moved to a treatment

NC
to deliver critical supplies to refugees and mi- phase for swine flu, it is important that people

CO
grants living in a camp known as “the New Jun- all over the world continue to do everything they
gle” in Calais, France, but she’s feeling optimistic. can to stop the virus from spreading.

A
On Tuesday, the Facebook page for Critical Mass (Adapted from http://nhs.uk)

LV
to Calais, an informal bike ride being led by Mor-

SI
a) although
purgo and her friends, said 993 people planned b) moreover

DA
to attend, although she acknowledged that c) in spite of

AR
many of those might be “solidarity clicks” in sup- d) however
port of the journey.

IM
e) In addition to

TA
“It’s going to be a bit of a surprise as to how many
people will turn up,” Morpurgo, 25, told Newswe- 20. Which conjunction correctly completes the sen-

3
tence?

05
ek. “Seven more people really need to hit ‘click.’”

02
Seven people had done just that a day after “_________________ he left school at 16, he still

07
Newsweek spoke with Morpurgo, bringing the managed to become prime minister.”

25
total number “attending” to 1,000. An Indiegogo a) Because
90
campaign for the bike ride, which will take pla- b) Even though
ce August 29 to 31, had reached its 1,000‐pound c) Provided that
O
CA

($1,547) fundraising goal. d) So

e) Thus
EI

Once they get to Calais, the cyclists plan to give re-

NC

fugees and migrants their bikes, a much‐needed

form of transportation that will make it easier for 21. Which of the alternatives completes the sen-
CO

the camp’s residents to get to shops and health tence correctly?

A

care clinics. Supplies such as hygiene products, “Harry went to the office on Monday (1) ____ not
LV

tents, sleeping bags and clothing will be taken to feeling well.”

SI

Calais in support vehicles and donated through a) although

DA

the Secours Catholique – Caritas France charity. b) until

The port city of Calais has come under intense c) in spite of
R
MA

focus in recent months, becoming a symbol of d) however

a staggering global crisis of displacement: 1 out e) because
AI
3T

of every 122 people on Earth is either a refugee,

an asylum seeker or displaced, the highest such 22. What do police officers do?
5
20

number since World War II, according to the offi- By Emma Woolley
70

ce of the United Nations high commissioner for The primary responsibility of police officers is
0

refugees... (...) to protect the public, or if commissioned, the

25

(Available: http://www.newsweek.com/criti- person, group or organization to which they are

90

cal‐mass‐uk‐cyclists‐deliver‐bikes‐and‐sup- assigned. Through detecting and preventing cri-

O

plies‐calais‐refugees‐366284. Adapted.) me, police officers strive to maintain law and or-
CA

In: “...993 people planned to attend, although der in their respective jurisdictions.
EI

she acknowledged...” (2nd par), ALTHOUGH in- Most new police officers work in general duty in
NC

troduces a/an: patrol divisions, which provides a broad range of

CO

a) Cause. experiences and assignments. General duty poli-

b) Adding. cing involves patrolling assigned areas to enfor-
A
LV

c) Similarity. ce laws, protect public safety, and arrest criminal

SI

d) Contrast. suspects – either by car, foot, bicycle, or in some

cases, horse.
DA
AR

INGLÊS 125
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CAPÍTULO 14 | Conjunctions (Conjunções) e Marcadores de discurso.

25
90
Police officers can also do some or all of the follo- 24.

O
wing: Investigate accidents and crime scenes;

CA
secure evidence and interview witnesses; testify

EI
in court; collect notes and reports; provide emer-

NC
gency assistance to victims of natural disasters,
crime, and accidents; engage in crime preven-

CO
tion, safety, and public information programs;

A
participate in media relations; and supervise and

LV
manage the work of other police officers.

SI
Working as a police officer can be one of the

DA
most diverse career experiences, as specializa-
tions ranging in the hundreds are available. With

AR
a few years of service (usually four or more), he

IM
or she can move into areas such as criminal iden-

TA
tification, drug investigations, sexual assault,

3
fraud, major case and/or crime management,

05
surveillance, aircraft security, explosives dispo-

02
sal, police dog services, and many more.

07
Police officers must be available for shift work
at any time of day and any day of the week, in- 25
90
cluding holidays. Shifts tend to be longer than
O

the standard eight-hour office day. Even though

CA

many regular police duties are routine in nature, “we not only lose most of the pleasure […] but
EI

the job can also be dangerous, as well as physi- also damage our health.” (l. 5-7)In this sentence,
NC

cally and emotionally stressful. the words in bold, not only…but also, express
CO

(http://careerbear.com/police-officer/article/ a) result.
what-do-police-officers-do. Adaptado) b) choice.
A
LV

In the last sentence from the text – Even though c) addition.

d) contrast.
SI

many regular police duties are routine in natu-

e) condition.
DA

re… – the phrase in bold expresses a relationship

of
R

25. Choose the alternative that correctly completes

MA

a) addition. the sentence below:

b) condition.
AI

To get from Salvador to Morro de São Paulo you

c) time.
3T

can fly, ____________you can ride the ferry.

d) contrast.
5

e) alternative. a) and d) so
20

b) but e) for
70

23. Which of the options completes the sentence c) or

0
25

correctly?
26. .Assinale a alternativa que preenche melhor a la-
90

People who are middle-aged and older tend to

cuna.
O

know more than young adults ________ they

CA

have been around longer, and score higher on It was not_______Easter that she returned our
tabledoth.
EI

vocabulary tests, crossword puzzles and other

NC

measures of so-called crystallized intelligence. a) yet

b) still
CO

(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com).

c) tough
a) so. d) because.
A

d) however
b) when. e) in case
LV

e) before
c) while.
SI
DA
AR

126 INGLÊS
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Conjunctions (Conjunções) e Marcadores de discurso. | CAPÍTULO 14

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GABARITO 11. Resposta: C

O
Resolução: A conjunção but é utilizada para con-

CA
trastar duas informações.
1. Resposta: C

EI
NC
Resolução: A conjunção although é utilizada para 12. Resposta: BResolução: A conjunção indeed signi-

CO
contrastar duas informações.Na questão, apesar de fica “ de fato”, portanto a única alternativa que tem o
muitas pessoas terem morrido, os peregrinos sobrevi- significado semelhante é a letra B.

A
LV
veram com a ajuda dos índios.

SI
13. Resposta: D
2. Resposta: E

DA
Resolução: As conjunções when e by the time pos-
Resolução: A conjunção however foi utilizada para li- suem significado similares. Portanto, a única alterna-

AR
gar a anterior à próxima, enquanto therefore foi utilizado tiva possível é a letra D.

IM
expressar a consequência do que foi dito anteriormente.

TA
14. Resposta: A
3. Resposta: A

3
Resolução: As conjunções regardless e despite pos-

05
Resolução: Em contextos informais, podemos usar suem significado similares. Portanto, a única alterna-

02
like uma conjunção ao invés de as. tiva possível é a letra A.

07
4. Resposta: B 25
15. Resposta: C
90
Resolução: Hence é a única conjunção que expres-
O

sa uma consequência e não oposição.

CA

16. Resposta: D
EI

Resolução: As conjunções so e therefore possuem

5. Resposta: A
NC

significado similares. Portanto, a única alternativa

Resolução: Adequado ao contexto do texto, Fur- possível é a letra D.
CO

ther indica a ideia de adição.

A

17. Resposta: D
LV

6. Resposta: A
Resolução: As conjunções throughout e throught
SI

Resolução: A conjunção although é utilizada para possuem significados similares. Portanto, a única al-
DA

contrastar duas informações. ternativa possível é a letra D.

R

Na questão, apesar dos custos serem caros, muitos

MA

alunos precisam e recebem ajuda financeira. 18. Resposta: D

AI

Resolução: A conjunção although exprime a sig-

3T

7. Resposta: D
nificado de contraste. Portanto, a única alternativa
5

Resolução: Dentre todas as alternativas, a única possível é a letra D.

20

opção que indica contrariedade de ideia é a letra D.

70

19. Resposta: A
0
25

8. Resposta: C
Resolução: A conjunção although exprime a sig-
90

nificado de contraste. Portanto, a única alternativa

9. Resposta: A
O

possível é a letra A.
CA

Resolução: As conjunções despite e in spite of pos-

EI

suem significado similares. Portanto, a única alterna- 20. Resposta: B

NC

tiva possível é a letra A. Resolução: A conjunção even though exprime o

CO

significado de contraste. Portanto, a única alternativa

10. Resposta: C
A

possível para o contexto do texto é a letra B.

LV

Resolução: As conjunções rather than e instead of

SI

possuem significado similares. Portanto, a única al- 21. Resposta: C

DA

ternativa possível é a letra C.

AR

INGLÊS 127
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Resolução: A conjunção in spite of exprime o sig- no texto, os adultos sabem mas que os jovens por te-

O
nificado de contraste entre duas coisas ou duas ora- rem vivido mais.

CA
ções. Portanto, a única alternativa possível para o

EI
contexto do texto é a letra C. 24. Resposta: B

NC
CO
22. Resposta: D 25. Resposta: Or é uma conjunção que conecta duas
Resolução: A conjunção even though exprime o ou mais possibilidades, ou alternativas. Pode conec-

A
tar palavras, frases e orações que são do mesmo tipo

LV
significado de contraste. Portanto, a única alternativa
gramatical.

SI
possível para o contexto do texto é a letra D.

DA
23. Resposta: D 26. Resposta: E

AR
Resolução: A conjunção because é utilizada para

IM
expressar a razão pela qual algo acontece. Portanto,

TA
3
05
02
07
25
90
O
CA
EI
NC
CO
A
LV
SI
DA
R
MA
AI
3T
5
20
70
0
25
90
O
CA
EI
NC
CO
A
LV
SI
DA
AR

128 INGLÊS
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