SIMPLE PRESENT

INTRODUÇÃO
Nessa apostila daremos início ao estudo do inglês para o concurso da ESA- 2023.
Quando pensamos por onde começar, eu como professora acredito que devemos iniciar
pelos componentes de uma sentença e depois trabalhar os tempos verbais, e depois os
complementos.
Então nessa apostila iremos trabalhar: O Simple Present é um tempo verbal utilizado para
indicar ações habituais que ocorrem no presente. Além disso, ele é usado para expressar
verdades universais, sentimentos, desejos, opiniões e preferências.
Dessa forma quero dar a vocês alunos toda a base para iniciar a compreensão de textos
em inglês, e assim podermos dar continuidade aos demais conteúdos com uma base
sólida.

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SIMPLE PRESENT

1. PRESENTE SIMPLES.
O Simple Present é um tempo verbal utilizado para indicar ações habituais que ocorrem no
presente. Além disso, ele é usado para expressar verdades universais, sentimentos,
desejos, opiniões e preferências.
Podendo ser afirmativa, negativa, interrogativa, negativa interrogativa e resposta. Sendo
usada para todos os pronomes pessoais (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) mas vale
ressaltar que na terceira pessoa (he, she, it) existem regras especificas que serão
estudadas em uma outra apostila.
A conjugação do Simple Present varia de acordo com a pessoa verbal, com a terminação
do verbo e com o tipo de frase (afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa).

1.1 AFIRMATIVA.
Como regra geral, pode-se dizer que para conjugar um verbo no Simple Present, basta
usá-lo no infinitivo sem o to no caso dos pronomes I, you, we e they, e acrescentar -s,
-es ou -ies no caso dos pronomes he, she e it (estas regras serão visatas em outra
apostila).
A frase afirmativa segue uma estrutura, veja a seguir:

SUJEITO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO

I eat fish
He eats fish

1.2 NEGATIVA.
A forma negativa do Simple Present é formada com o uso dos verbos auxiliares do e does
+ NOT (don`t e doesn`t) Do é usado com os pronomes I, you, we e they. Já o
auxiliar does é usado com he, she, it.
A frase negativa segue uma estrutura, veja a seguir:

SUJEITO + NEGATIVA (DON`T OU DOESN`T) + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO

I don`t eat fish
He doesn`t eat fish

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SIMPLE PRESENT

1.3 INTERROGATIVA.
Assim como acontece nas frases negativas, os auxiliares do e does são utilizados para
formar frases interrogativas no Simple Present. Do é usado com I, you, we e they, e does é
usado com he, she e it.
A frase interrogativa segue uma estrutura, veja a seguir:

AUXILIAR (DO OU DOES) + SUJEITO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO

Do you eat fish?
Does he eat fish?

1.4 NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA.

Assim como acontece nas frases negativas, os auxiliares do e does são utilizados para
formar frases interrogativas no Simple Present. E quando é negativa interrogativa este
auxiliar vem na negativa, lembrando que Don`t é usado com I, you, we e they, e doesn`t é
usado com he, she e it.
A frase negativa interrogativa segue uma estrutura, veja a seguir:

AUXILIAR (DO OU DOES) + SUJEITO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO

Don`t you eat fish?
Doesn`t he eat fish?

1.5 RESPOSTA.
Quando vamos responder uma pergunta em inglês ela pode ser yes ou no, mas também
caso se pergunte quando, onde, porqu, etc; essa resposta deve ser direta.
Uma coisa interessante é que se você for reponder com sim e não a reposta afirmativa
segue a estrutura afirmativa e a negativa a estrutura negativa.
Veja alguns exemplos:

Do you eat fish? Do you eat fish? Do you eat fish?

Yes, I eat fish yes, I do yes, I do. I eat fish
No, I don`t eat fish no, I don`t no, I don`t. I don`t eat fish

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 SIMPLE PRESENT

Does he eat fish? Does he eat fish? Does he eat fish?

Yes, he eats fish yes, he does yes, he does. He eats fish
No, I doesn`t eat fish no, he doesn`t no, he doesn`t, he doesn`t eat fish

When do you eat fish?

I eat fish on fridays

OBS: em inglês não podemos responder na negative interrogative “don`t you eat
fish” da seguinte forma: yes, I don`t eat fish ou no, I eat fish. Pois a gramática
inglesa não permite.

TABELA DE VERBOS NO INFINITIVO OU PRESENTE SIMPLES

VERBO TRADUÇÃO VERBO TRADUÇÃO

EAT COMER DRINK BEBER

STUDY ESTUDAR WORK TRABALHAR
SLEEP DORMIR COOK COZINHAR
CLEAN LIMPAR OPEN ABRIR
CLOSE FECHAR DO FAZER
MAKE FAZER PREFER PREFERIR
HAVE TER BRUSH ESCOVAR
COMB PENTEAR TIPE DIGITAR
READ LER WRITE ESCREVER
LISTEM OUVIR HEAR ESCUTAR
PLAY TOCAR, JOGAR, BRINCAR PRAY ORAR
FOLLOW SEGUIR HUNT CAÇAR
DRIVE DIRIGIR RIDE GUIAR
FLY VOAR PUT COLOCAR
PAINT PINTAR DRAW DESENHAR
FEED ALIMENTAR PET ACARICIAR
WASH LAVAR WATCH ASSISTIR
SEE VER SAY DIZER
TELL CONTAR TALK CONVERSAR
NEED PRECISAR BUY COMPRAR
SELL VENDER WEAR VESTIR
SIT SENTAR STAND UP FICAR DE PÉ
WALK CAMINHAR RUN CORRER
CALL CHAMAR, LIGAR GIVE DAR
BRING TRAZER TAKE LEVAR
KEEP MANTER CREATE CRIAR
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 SIMPLE PRESENT

TO BE SER, ESTAR ASK PERGUNTAR

AMSWER RESPONDER HELP AJUDAR
LEARN APRENDER TEACH ENSINAR
REMEMBER RELAMBRAR SPEAK FALAR
WAIT ESPERAR WANT QUERER
ALLOW PERMITIR FORBIDE PROIBIR
ADD ADICIONAR APPEAR APARECER
BECOME SE TORNAR BUILD CONSTRUIR
CHANGE MUDAR MOVE MOVER
CONSIDER CONSIDERAR CONTINUE CONTINUAR
COME VIR DIE MORRER
EXPECT ESPERAR FALL CAIR
FIND ENCONTRAR FOLD DOBRAR
GROW CRESCER BE BORN NASCER
HOLD SEGURAR INCLUDE INCLUIR
KILL MATAR LEAD LIDERAR
LEAVE SAIR LET DEIXAR
LOOK OLHAR, PARECER MEAN SIGNIFICAR
OFFER OFERECER PAY PAGAR
PROVIDE PROVIDENCIAR REACH ALCANÇAR
REMAIN CONTINUAR, PERMANECER SEEM PARECER
SEND ENVIAR RECEIVE RECEBER
SERVE SERVIR SET DEFINIR
SPEND GASTAR TRY TENTAR
GIVE UP DESIRTIR TURN VIRAR
REFER REFERIR REIGN REINAR
REMOVE REMOVER REPLY RESPONDER
REPORT NOTICIAR REQUIRE REQUERER
REST DESCANSAR SCARE ASSUSTAR
SHARE COMPARTILHAR SKI ESQUIAR
SMILE SORRIR LAUGH GARGALHAR
SNOW NEVAR SPELL SOLETRAR
SUPPLY ABASTECER SOPPORT SUSTENTAR
TRAIN TREINAR TREMBLE TREMER
WAKE UP ACORDAR GET UP LEVANTAR
WAVE ACENAR WHISTLE ASSOBIAR
WORRY SE PREOCUPAR AGRRE CONCORDAR
DISAGREE DISCORDAR CURSE XINGAR
COVER COBRIR CRY CHORAR
DESTROY DESTUIR DEVELOP DESENVOLVE
R
DIVIDE DIVIDIR DRESS VESTIR
ENTER ENTRAR EXPLORE EXPLORAR
EXCHANGE TROCAR FIX CONSERTAR
FRY FRITAR FLIRT FLERTAR
HEAT ESQUENTAR BOIL FERVER
HEAD ENCABEÇAR ICE GELAR
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 SIMPLE PRESENT

JOIN JUNTAR, INGRESSAR JUDGE JULGAR

LEAN APOIAR-SE PASS PASSAR
POST POSTAR PICK PEGAR
RISK ARRISCAR SPY ESPIAR
STAR ESTRELAR BEAT BATER
BREAK QUEBRAR COST CUSTAR
FIGHT LUTAR HIT BATER
BORROW PEGAR EMPRESTADO LEND EMPRESTAR
LET PERMITIR (DEIXAR)

EXERCÍCIOS

1. (IBFC) Read the sentences below and find the ones that are spelled correctly in the
simple present.
I. He teaches Spanish at the university.
II. She always kisse her grandma before leaving.
III. You don't arrive late.
IV. She don't watch TV every day.

Check the alternative that presents correct statements.

a) Only sentences I and II
b) Only sentences I and III
c) Only sentences II and IV
d) Only sentences I and IV

2. (IBFC) Read the sentences below and find the one written in the simple present tense.
a) The City Museum closes at 5 o´clock Every Evening
b) Peter was my boss until 2019
c) I´ll propably be on the beach
d) Look! Somebody have broken that windown

3. (CEV – URCA) Read what Sarah says about a typical working day using simple present
sentences: "I usually get up at 7 o’clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which
takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5
o’clock. I’m always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don’t
usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o’clock. I always sleep well". Now, check the
correct option:
a) She never has breakfast.
b) Sarah walks to work every day.
c) She starts work about half an hour.
d) Sarah normally sleeps 5 o’clock.
e) She is always in bed midnight

4. (AMEOSC) Read the text below to answer the question.

Parker Solar Probe: How Nasa is trying to 'touch' the Sun
Nasa is all set to launch one of the most ambitious missions in its history. It's sending a
satellite called the Parker Solar Probe into the Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona.
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SIMPLE PRESENT

Scheduled for launch on Saturday, the spacecraft promises to crack some longstanding
mysteries about our star's behaviour.
In the text, the verbal tense of “the spacecraft promises” is:
a) Simple present.
b) Past perfect.
c) Simple future.
d) Present continuous.

5. (INSTITUTO AOCP)
The sentence “Do you really mean that?” taken from the comic strip, express:

a) A question in the simple present tense.

b) A surprise in the present progressive tense.
c) A doubt in the past tense.
d) A hypothesis in the future tense.

6. (SEDUC-CE/2013)

If the clause “she was the luckiest woman alive” (ℓ.2) had been used in the simple present
tense, the verbal form “was” should be replaced by
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SIMPLE PRESENT

a) am
b) are
c) has
d) were
e) is

7. THE TREE MASSACRE

by Alex Shoumatoff

The paper industry is destroying11 one of America’s last great stands of native forest25 to
bring you fresh shopping12 bags and toilet paper.
If there were an international tribunal that prosecuted9 crimes against the planet, like the
one in The Hague that deals23 with crimes against humanity, what is happening22 on the
Cumberland Plateau in eastern Tennessee would undoubtedly be indictable.
The crime — one of many clandestine ecocides American corporations are
committing1 around the world — has taken2 place28 over three decades. About 200,000
acres on this tableland have already been clear-cut30 by the paper industry, and the
cutting13 continues3. Where once grew10 some of the most biologically rich hardwood forest
in North America’s Temperate Zone (which extends4 from the Gulf of Mexico to southern
Canada), there are now row after row of fast-growing loblolly pine trees genetically
engineered to yield the most pulp in the shortest time. But the paper industry’s insatiable
appetite26 for timber has met5 with unexpected competition from an equally voracious insect.
In the last four years, an estimated 50 to 70 percent of the pines planted6 on the plateau
have been devoured31 by the southern pine beetle. The entire South has been ravaged32 by
the worst outbreak in its history of this native predator of pine trees, caused by the
tremendous increase in the amount of pine available for it to eat on the industry plantations
that have replaced20 the native forest. Unable to salvage its dead timber, the paper industry
has been losing17hundreds of millions of dollars. Yet it seems7 still committed to
destroying16 what remains24 of the extraordinarily lush forest on the Cumberland Plateau,
which, along with eastern Tennessee’s Great Valley and the Cumberland Mountains, has
the highest concentration of endangered species in North America. The loss of biodiversity
is tragic but also absurd economically; it doesn’t even make good business sense.
Not many people are aware of what is taking14place33. Nearly 90 percent of the Cumberland
Plateau is in private hands and exempt from all but a few government regulations18. The
federal and state agencies that are supposed to be regulating the paper, timber, and
mining15 industries are populated with34 these companies’ former executives and have
come29 to view these industries as clients whose permits and projects should be
facilitated35 rather than scrutinized. But a quarter of the world’s paper27 and 60 percent of
America’s wood products are being19 produced36 in the South, and the will to address the
abuses of the paper industry, which contributes8 millions of dollars to the campaign coffers
of politicians around the country, just isn’t there — certainly not in Tennessee.
There’s another reason for the lack of public awareness: Much of the devastation is hidden
from view by thin “beauty strips” of native forest left along the plateau’s highways. The only
way to get the full picture is to go up in a small plane and see it from the air.
VOCABULÁRIO
loblolly pine – espécie de pinheiro
beetle – besouro, inseto
timber – madeira
to ravage – devastar
Assinale a opção cujos verbos estão no simple present:

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SIMPLE PRESENT

a) are committing (ref.1), has taken (ref.2), continues (ref.3)

b) extends (ref.4), has met (ref.5), planted (ref.6)
c) continues (ref.3), seems (ref.7), contributes (ref.8)
d) prosecuted (ref.9), contributes (ref.8), grew (ref.10)

8. (UNIFOR-CE/2001)
In the age-old battle between independence-seeking teenagers and worried parents, the
older generation is packing some new weapons. Caller ID tells parents who is calling their
kids. Cell-phone bills detail every local number the kid has called. New computer programs
track just about everything − every Web site visited, every e-mail sent − that a teenager
does online.
Parental reconnaissance is going to get worse − or good, depending on your perspective.
(Wall Street Journal, Nov. 6, 2000)

Os verbos que estão no Simple Present, no texto, são

a) worried – has called – does
b) detail – track – get
c) worried – visited – sent
d) is packing – is calling – is going
e) tells – detail – track

9. (UNCISAL/2015)
Minister Norman Baker wants end to UK animal tests
By Brian Wheeler

Political reporter
The minister in charge of regulating animal experiments in the UK has said he wants to see
an end to all testing.
[…]
Disponível em: www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-28580792

Ao seguir a regra gramatical de conjugação de verbos, de acordo com o exemplo da

manchete da reportagem acima, a frase “She ________ her dignity at any price” será
completada da seguinte forma com o verbo “to pursue”.
a) pursued.
b) pursuing.
c) pursuyed.
d) pursues.
e) pursue.

10. Complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary:

She ____________ go to school on Saturdays. She only ________________ on weekdays.
And you? ___________ you study on weekends?
a) is/studying/Do
b) doesn’t/studies/Do
c) don’t/studies/Does
d) doesn’t/study/Do

11. (FUNCAB/2014-adaptada)
Read the text below and answer the question that follows:
Text 2:
English for Adults & Seniors!

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SIMPLE PRESENT

Learning a language isn’t only for the young! It’s for everyone and if you are an older
learner,maybe 40+ to 70+ then joining an English Language Course in an environment with
people in similar age groups is a greatway to do it.
When you join a course at one of the International Schools you will find that approximately
more than 20% of our students are aged 30 to 44 and a further 32% are aged 45 to 75 -
sometimes older. You aremore than likely to find yourself in a class with people of a similar
age;
Some mature students choose Business English courses for their working needs but many
more join standard General English courses or the Intensive English Mini-Group courses.
Courses like these help you to combine your language course with a holiday and you can
make your own afternoon programme or join social programmes which are designed to
have a variety of different activities suitable for all the age groups at the school. The
programme changes every week and you can see samples of all the different activities on
the social programme pages or on Facebook pages.
Mature learners will feel safe joining one of the International Schools. You will find others of
a similar age in your class at all times of year
The International School ( I S ) accommodation is also suitable for older clients - you can
choose froma homestay with a private bathroom, an apartment, but most convenient of all
is Club IS Hotel which is opposite the school. Club IS is for mature individuals who are
studying at the school. Classes are always organised according to level and according to
age groups.
(Adapted from: http: www.tisenglish.co.uk /courses-for-adults- seniors)

Read these sentences;

1. Older learners _______ want to learn Spanish. They want to learn English.
2. The programme ______ change everyweek.
3. How often ______ you have business English classes?
The correct auxiliaries that complete the sentences above are:
a) do/do/do.
b) does / does / does.
c) don’t / doesn’t / do.
d) don’t / don’t / do.
e) doesn’t / doesn’t / does.

12. (FUNCAB/2014)
WELCOME!
And congratulations on your new purchase. You’re now entitled to an unsurpassed service
and a number of benefits as part of the Ericsson warranty and service program. Your
Ericsson mobile phone was designed to offer you the ultimate in quality, convenience and
performance. And of course, we guarantee it. From now on, as the new owner of an
Ericsson mobile phone, you’ll have access to a number of exclusive advantages such as: a
vast network of Ericsson service centers; a limited 1 year warranty and service agreement,
and a toll-free customer service hotline.
WARRANTY CONDITIONS
Dear Customer,
If your Ericsson product needs warranty service, you should send the product to any
company authorized service facility. For information contact the store from which you
purchased the product. The product in all cases must be accompanied by the following
items: your name, address, telephone number, warranty card, bill of sale bearing the serial

11
SIMPLE PRESENT

number, date of delivery, or reasonable proof of these dates, and a detailed description of
the problem.
Our warranty
This warranty is extended by Ericsson Inc. (“The Company”) to the original purchaser for
use only. Ericsson warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship
at the time of its original purchase and for the subsequent period of one (1) year. All
accessories for the product are covered for a period of one (1) year fromthe date of
purchase.
What we will do
If, during the period of warranty, this product proves defective under normal use and service
due to improper materials or workmanship, the company will repair or replace the defective
item with a new or factory rebuilt replacement.
(Taken from Ericsson - One year Warranty and Service Agreement)

Read the following sentences:

1. Ericsson mobile phone __________ you the ultimate in quality.
2. Ericsson __________ the product to be free of defects.
3. If you need more information, you should __________ the store from which you
purchased the product.
The verbs that complete the sentences above correctly are, respectively:
a) offer/warrant /contact
b) offers/warrants/contacts
c) offer/warranty/contacts
d) offers/warrants/contact
e) offer/warranty/contact

13. (AOCP/2012)
How to Download YouTube Videos
If you want to download YouTube videos without having to pay a fee, install a toolbar, or run
a dubious browser plugin, check out our handy guide to using YouTube Downloader HD. If
you're like most PCWorld readers, you probably have a few classic YouTube videos you
love to share with friends, family, and coworkers. That\'s all fine and good when you're
connected to the Internet, but what if you want to save a few of your favorite videos to a
USB stick or burn some memorable clips to disc as a gift? If you want to download YouTube
videos without having to pay a fee, install a toolbar, or run a dubious browser plug-in, we
suggest you use YouTube Downloader HD. A free downloadable program, YouTube
Downloader HD keeps things simple: You provide the URL of the video, select the video
quality and format, and click the Download button. YouTube Downloader HD has a limited
selection of output formats and can't download from video sites other than YouTube, but it
still shines with its adware-free installation, ability to download multiple videos
simultaneously, and automatic conversion feature.
By Justin Phelps, PCWorld

No extrato de sentença seguinte: “…but it still shines with its adware-free installation, ability
to download multiple videos simultaneously, and automatic conversion feature.”, há um
verbo explicitamente marcado no Presente Simples, na 3ª pessoa do singular. Assinale
qual o verbo que carrega essa característica.
a) Shines.
b) Installation.
c) Download.
d) Simultaneously.
e) Conversion.
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SIMPLE PRESENT

14. (CETRO/2015)
Read the text below.
What is hunger?
Acute hunger or starvation are often highlighted on TV screens: hungry mothers too weak
to breastfeed their children in drought-hit Ethiopia, refugees in war-torn Syria queuing for
food rations, helicopters airlifting high energy biscuits to earthquake victims in Haiti or
Pakistan.
These situations are the result of high profile crises like war or natural disasters, which
starve a population of food. Yet emergencies account for less than eight percent of hunger's
victims.
Daily undernourishment is a less visible form of hunger – but it affects many more people,
from the shanty towns of Jakarta in Indonesia and the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh to
the mountain villages of Bolivia and Nepal. In these places, hunger is much more than an
empty stomach.
For weeks, even months, its victims must live on significantly less than the recommended
2,100 kilocalories that the average person needs to lead a healthy life.
The body compensates for the lack of energy by slowing down its physical and mental
activities. A hungry mind cannot concentrate, a hungry body does not take initiative, a
hungry child loses all desire to play and study.
Hunger also weakens the immune system. Deprived of the right nutrition, hungry children
are especially vulnerable and become too weak to fight off disease and may die from
common infections like measles and diarrhea. Each year, almost 7 million children die
before reaching the age of five; malnutrition is a key factor in over a third of these deaths
(Source: Levels and Trends in Child Mortality, IGME, 2012 in http://www.wfp.org).

Choose the alternative that presents the interrogative form of the sentence below.
“[_] it affects many more people from the shanty towns [_]”.
a) Does it affect many more people from the shanty towns?
b) Is it affect many more people from the shanty towns?
c) Has they affect many more people from the shanty towns?
d) Are they affect many more people from the shanty towns?
e) Do they affect many more people from the shanty towns?

15. (COSEAC/2009)

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SIMPLE PRESENT

Robots ____ have the brains to "intelligently and autonomously search ____ objects" _____
their own.
a) didn't/for/in;
b) don't/of/in;
c) haven't/for/on;
d) don't/for/on;
e) doesn't/for/on.

16. Complete with the Simple Present:

What time _________ the banks _________ in Italy ? (to close)
a) does - close
b) do - close
c) is - closed
d) generally - closes

17. Take a look at the text below and choose the option in which all the options are verbs are
in the Simple Present. The text is part of a summary of the movie Marley and me, in
which Marley is a yellow labrador retriever dog
Although Marley constantly tests the Grogans’ patience with his bad behavior, he becomes
an established member of the family. He rides along in the car when John and Jenny make
a late-night trip to the pharmacy for their first home pregnancy test, and he’s there to
celebrate with them when they discover they’re expecting a baby. Marley is later the
shoulder Jenny cries upon when her pregnancy ends in a miscarriage, solidifying his role as
comforter in the family.
Fonte: MARLEY AND ME SUMMARY AND SUDY GUIDE. SUPER SUMMARY™, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.supersummary.com/marley-and-me/summary/. Acesso em 22 de out. de 2020

a) tests - becomes - rides - cries - discover

b) tests - discover - established - ends
c) celebrate - discover - expecting - becomes
d) make - tests - ends - solidifying - established

18. Choose the correct alternative:

The Olympic Games __________________ every four years.
a) happen
b) happens
c) happened
d) happening

19. Read the sentences and try to find the mistakes. Than write it correctly.
a) My cat are very cute and beautiful, I love it!
b) They are a really big and lovely family.
c) She is just like her mother are.
d) We's very proud of our brother!
e) Let's saw the game now!

20. Em relação ao tempo verbal presente simples, do inglês, é correto afirmar que:
a) Suas regras são idênticas à do Português.
b) Verbos são conjugados de acordo com o pronome pessoal (sujeito da frase).
c) Existem quatro tipos de conjugações no presente simples em inglês.
d) Verbos são conjugados segundo regras do Espanhol.

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 SIMPLE PRESENT

Gabarito:

1- b 2- a 3- b 4- a 5- a 6- e 7- c 8- e 9- d 10- b

11- c 12- d 13- a 14- a 15- d 16- b 17- a 18- a 19- b 20- b

15