Como Construir Um Compilador Utilizando Ferramentas Java PDF

i i

!#"
i i
Como Construir
um Compilador
Utilizando
Ferramentas Java
i i
i i
i i

$%&

&'(
!)
i i
i i
i i
i i
*%+
%&
,
-'.
!0/
i i
Como Construir
um Compilador
Utilizando
Ferramentas Java
Mrcio Delamaro
Novatec Editora
i i
i i
i i
+
$%&

-'12
!3
i i
465 78.9: <;<= 5 1:8>(?@;$.: 5 78<AB:8;C

D 5 ; 5EF5E ;$'7G>H: 5E 78 E +781I; 5E J7 5 :G>K; 5E L>M')AB>BC "N 3;$<"> % "NCPOQ7 5 .';0
78+7 5 ;$RS+T 5 ;$ E :U 5 78VNW< E W 5 L7UKMXVN 5 7ZY%RMKY%R+7[7 5 E8EG5 V E >W\7G]>1 '^R$: 5 7G'_>S+T 5 V
5 7` E 78.: 5 V; 5 R$: 5 7ab;)?@;$.: 5 7UC
?@;$.: 5 7>dc^RL>e E`f 7U:8 E

c`>1% E T 5 ;$J:G+g%: 5 f :87G'_+KihPe
4 Lkj'e<j>7Gee;$ E
lm$n =bLoIpqopr %ooIpU"
= 5 1:G>(?@;H: 5 7U)AB:8;C
c`R 465 e E Cds 5 78+'780;$ n 787 5%E Vt"> 3u 465 evCd "
"Npw "N m T 5<f RM 5 V m f u n 7U E .M
D +MXC.6xJoo#""Jopwo
jgydxJooz""Jo pw
?kprWi'M{ke 5 1:G>I| e 5 1:8>N;$.: 5 7UC 5 W}C 7
m .:Gk~`~`~C e 5 1:G>+>;$.: 5 78C 5 W}C 7
i i
i i
i i
NLP LLLyPLL\ LBKL [L ,
i i
Sumrio
P+B[[
"C'"YR _JRW 5 W<'M'; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "
"C E 5 W< 5 e+e%:G E ;$RW 5 W<'MK; 5 7CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /
"C$C'" eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /
"C$C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"C$C / eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:GK 5 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"C$C \+7U; 5 7a;$b$;$' 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"C / I1 4`4 5 % E W<.e C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q
@ t
X ++
$C'"^M.t: 5E VM'I1 7U E M.'eRL>e E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
$C (7UWi:8'>3M'.1 78;$b 5 e:8g : 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC ""
$C / j 5 7GWi<;$ n U R E pw=R7C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "N
$C n =j7U0<M''eR>W CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "No

X ++
$Co (7U 5EÈ 'e:U:8' 5E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
$C m >W<e%:GK+<;)M.'eR+W CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC//
X ++
$Cq^W7 5 7UWi3+W CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC//
X ++
[ {>6%B P
/C'"^R:GWi: 5EF eH: 5E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/%q
/C?kg$78 E8E E 7G>RMK78 E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
/C / eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 ;)M.'eRL>W CJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q

X ++
/C 465 W<>e:U78 5%E CCCJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
/Coc`NRt+7US>T 5 ;$+787 5%E M.]+g K 5%E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
/C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
i i
i i
i i
NLy LtyPt 't ZtB
i i
1 àà Z0*àd*<a
[ {>& PN$ {
C'"êLM' E E 'e%:8:GK+);$ E >e;$+e%:87GNR7 E '1QCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"
C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 ;)M'.eR+W CC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

X ++
C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"
P>, II P> P
o$C'"W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
o$C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;078>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$>7G7 5E CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
o$C / ^M'RW< E 5%EGEG 1+ E W<+M'9 5 78K E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N %q
o$C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ""Iq
L - P>
C'"YR(]b<7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I/
C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;)7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io
C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q
B[ , L P> t
q C'"?kg$''S>T 5 ;i7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+\CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
q C'"C'" =RW<+7US+T 5 ; 5E e E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"qI
q C'"C ?kg$'KS+T 5 ; 5%E e E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
q C R$:878 Ea5 t+7US E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N"
q C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
6@ -- t P
C'" f 7U<YR E +781CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"No
C:8L>M'i; EG W3 5 M 5E 78 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q

X ++
C / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;3:Ut+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E CJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N"
[ {>& P - I t
C'"êLM' E E >Wie%:GK+0+W E E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
CêLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$b+M' EGE E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
C / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /
C 7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
Co^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
i i
i i
i i
*%+
%&

&1 .(
!<q
i i
Z `+ 1 '
[ {>& P 2B [ - I t
"> C.",êLM' E b;)9'+7U7UYR');$MK E8E E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"> C 2êLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178KI1+ E (W<]+: 5 ; 5E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"N
"> C /7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC">
"> C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC">
t [ {>& P I &` L
""C." 4 9N++W;J:G' 5%E CJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC$"
""C 2êLM' E b; E ;>MK7US E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
""C /QêLM' E b; 5E 5 WieL; 5E C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/o
""C êLM' E b;$Jg$78 E8E E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
""C o2^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
-0
"NC.",\sYR.e) .7G:GRMBI1\CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"
"NC E8E >W3M'+7a78<%I1I#C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo
"NC / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%q
"NC /C."(>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78 5E 5 WieL; 5E C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%qq
"NC /C (>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78) E +g$7G EGEG E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/
"NC /C /M.RWi E 78 E :G78'S E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"NC 7GRe%:8.W< CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

X ++
"NC o2^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"
"NC 2?kg$+W<M 5E CJCCCJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
B {
L< t
> P
i i
i i
i i

1 .'
!3
i i
1 .' àà(BZ)*àd*<a
i i
i i
i i
+
$%&

-.gQ
!0
i i
Lista de Figuras
"C'" f 7 5 E8EG5E ;$#%a 5 W).MKS>T 5 #LFM'.e>;$KS+T 5 CCCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
"C?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC o
/C'" E T 5 ;$RWjZ 5 W 5 RW<)WiY%R'eCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/
/C '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

A1
/C / '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"
A2
/C '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%
A3
/Co '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
A4
/C '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%o
A5
C'" 4 9W<; E ; 5 m 7U E e.e9; 5%E CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I
C?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+) E :G7U:UCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io
C /?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

HC C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I
C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U {C0CC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/
Co?k:U E ;< 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/
C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

CC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/
Cq?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U
CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/
C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

"!#%$ &
CCC(CCCQ">
C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U!"

%$ ' C CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ">%
C'"> 2?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U( ))
!"
6 " )* X C CCJCCJCC(CCCQ">
C'""?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U,+-/.10&, 2 345I C CCJCCJCC(CCCQ">
C'"N?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U 345I
C}CCJCCC2"Io
a[j][i + 1] = b 10
C'">/2?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U 355I C CCJCCJCCCQ"No$"
a[i].x = b 10
.g
i i
i i
i i

$%&

g
!"N
i i
g àà(BZ)*àd*<a
C'"+Q?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

a[i].x(2, k).y = b 10
655I C
CCCQ"Io
C'"No?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U ){CCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io

C'">2?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07UJ XC$CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
C'"Iq?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U7!#89: C C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/
C'">2?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U<)g$78 E8E T 5 CCCC2"No

a + b.x < 3 c[2]
q C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+0e RW<+7U;CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"q "
C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$RWi) E :G78R$:8R78<; 5 :8. 5;=<>@?AB:CD CbCCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C FE^781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+)78) 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;0:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E CCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
C /?kg$+W<M 5 ;$RWi0:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C#CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
C E^781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+)78,

!#%$0C0CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N
Co?kg$+W<M 5 ;$J:Ut+MK); E W3 5 M 5E 5 W178'I1+ E M 5 + E C CCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N"
C c`>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 ;).W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ;$ ;=<>@?AB:CD CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/

C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "
C l e E +7US+T 5 ;$b+M' EGE (e):8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C6CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
""C."?kg$+W<M 5 ;$bU9N++W;J:G' 5%E 7U0 5 WieL; 5 UC CCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC
""C m >Re; 5 +g$+W<M 5 ;bU9>>>W;$J:G' 5E 78) 5 Wie; 5 UCyCJCCJCC(CCC
"NC."?kg$+W<M 5 ;$bM 5 +S+T 5 ;$b7GRW<+e%: 5%E e 5 1: 5 7`;$178'I1+ E M 5 + E CCCC/
"NC f 'M.9L<e)g$>+RS+T 5 ;0'e E :G78RS+T 5 G& CCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

i i
i i
i i
+ }
%&
,
&g$
!""
i i
Prefcio
^WM.'1 7 5E5 78 5 W<'M'; 5 78 E ;$+1+78'-78 E +e%:U73RW<1 E T 5 +7UM E5 7Gz:G]NeK+ E ;$
5 W<.MKS>T 5 VB +787UW<+e%:8 E V[M'K+S E :UC}? E :GzM.'1 7 5 ]#t+WWi E W 5 ;$ E : 5 V[1 E : 5 Y%R
W 5E :G7Ui 5 W 5 5 e E :G78R'7^RW 5 W<.MK; 5 7NVR$:G'M'._N<:G]NeK+ib +7878W)>e%:8 E E LN . + E 7U
:8My.e%:8+e%: 5 C
s E W 5 E8E .W}V E +7U"H$:8.MZiR7 EG5E ;$37U;$RS+T 5 Y%R E b7 5 5 e9W:8W3t]+W iRWi

5 7U;+W7U:8'>VP#'e>e:8.17G>W 5%E E :8R;e:8 E 0G 5 M 5 +7G>W E WiT 5E e#Wi E8E Ib
5 e E :G78R 78+W E +R E 7G78 5%E 5 W<'M'; 5 78 E CZ EGE 0 5 78W<V$ 5 ;$>78 E +781 .7` 5 W 5 RWRK<
E +7aR$:G'M'._N; 5 +WR7 E5%E ;$ 5 W<'MK; 5 7G E V +W7UM'+M 5 <RM' E Y%RJ>e E 'e>W0:G 5 7GK);$
5 78Wi)W< E W<M'C
D W3t]+W 5 ;+7U^R$g$'M.K7Y%R+M' E YRVI+W0 5 78aeT 5E +e; 5 ;78>Ik;$6 5 W<'M'; 5 78 E V

eN E8E H:8+W +WM.RWW 5 W<+e%: 5 7I
;01 ';0>; >W)K+ 5 Rz7 5LE8E 5 eMR$:8.M''_>76:G]NeK+ E ;$
5 W<.MKS>T 5 C\? E :8&] 5 + E5 ; 5 R$: 5 7NV^Rv78>78'e'MJ;$&:GRS+T 5 ]&;:G E :8
;$ EG5 :*~a78CF:GRLe; 5 e EGE -7GNV 5 ;$ E >e%1 5 M'1 .W<+e%: 5 ;$z +7878W<+e%:8 E ;$eM' E };$
7 5 78W< E ]` EGE +e+'M{V EGE 'W 5 W 5(5 ; 5 W e 5 VW< E W 5 YR^;$F 5 78W<( E K+V;$F:G]NeK+ E
78)< 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ;$b 5 W<.MK; 5 78 E C
465 W EGE E5 v*:G'1 5%E >WW<+e%:GV 7 5 R7 5 Rp E Wie%:G>7 5 Wi E}E 'W<M. E 5%EGEG 1+M 5
E :G'M 5 ; E :GM'.1 7 5 C? E 5 M.9>R$p E RWW<]: 5 ; 5 ;eM. E E .e%:U:GK+} >7G7UW<+e%:U E 7U
E Rb'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 > E Y%R 5%EGE W E +7a 5 W<78+>e;$K; 5E 5 WM.RW E 5 7US 5 W< E W 5
5 7^*7G'e'Ke%:G E C3OW 5E :G7U;VB;$) 5 78Wiz;$+:8M.9;VP: 5 ;}z'W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;$<RW
5 W<.MK; 5 73L7URWiM'.eR+W}VZ+W0 5 787G E :87G.:8VZ 5 W +78 :8+7 'E :GK+ E .W< 5 7G:8e:8 E C
?dW7:8'+RM'7>VRWibM'.eR+W 5 78.>e%:8; 5 $v*+: 5%E CZ 5b eLML; 5 7 5 v*: 5 6:8+7U 5 M'+.: 5 7
E :G E S+T 5 ;$;$ E +e 1 5 M'1+7 E +RQ7878 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NVaYR 5 ;$>78 E +7#R:G'M.'_>; 5 7U
'W)M.>W)>e%:87 7 5 7UWi E 78> E VLY%R3g$>+R$:G>W>WRWW3'+e%:G37GNMXVY%R3]3sY%R'e
'7G:GRMBI1C
Pr-requisitos
? E L>78p E ; 5 M'+.: 5 7a 5 e9>'W<+e%: 5%E 7G]>1% 5EFEG5 78 ;$'1>7 EG5E E8E Re: 5E Ck 7G'W<+'7 5 :G' 5
E +78'07U<Y%R E >7G1 78)Y%Rb;$ E vW 5E 5 e E :G78R.7aRW 5 W).MK; 5 7>C
E >Re; 5 H:8+W e>+ E8E 7G 5 KJ R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ;$ E :G@M.'1 7 5 ] 5 ; 5 W e 5 ;$@M'RW<aM''eR>W
I
;$7 5 7UWiS>T 5 V6;$78 >7 >eK,I1VF 5 E V^M']+W; E +7#R$:8.M''_>; 5 W 5 M''eR>W
78,,'W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NV6:UW0L]>W 5 ] 5 W 5 I
78 >7 >eK- 5 W<78S+T 5
78iM.'eRL>W)prM.1 5 ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7>C 465 e9N'W)>e%: 5E E K 5E ;$bM'.eR+e E 5 78Wi E
g$
i i
i i
i i
*%$

L&g$.(
!"N
i i
g$. àà BZ)*[ àd* )a
^R:GWi: 5E[ eH: 5E V>W3 5 7UJeT 5 'e;$ E t+e E I1> E V++7G:8W<>e:8^v*R;7UT 5 e 5 W)7G>+e E T 5
; 5 :G+g : 5 C
^M']+W LI
;VP])+M'7 5 VPW3R.:8+ >eK#78 E >R'7 5%E .e%:G>7GW<'eI1> E :G78>U9 5%E ;z'W)M.+p
W<+e%:8S+T 5 'eM'R ; 5E e 5 :Gg : 5 C'C.C
Agradecimentos
^78;$>S 5 &: 5 ; 5%E05%E Y%R 5 MK 5 7U7UW;$M'RWi& 5 78Wie+MK 5 7US>T 5 ; E :G}M.'1 7 5 C
MH
?dWL7G:GKRMK7NV0W<+R E M'Re 5%E ;( 5 W<'M'; 5 78 E A BV n : 5 V(R E :8I1 5 E V er E V( E >M.V
êL;$7G]>'V f RM'.e9V=+1 E VRM''e 5 VRM''eC
? E :G^:UM'1>_ E *v 5 7G'W<+'7 5 NH

MH:8.W 5 M'.1 7 5 Y%R` E 78+1 XC[ EGE .W}V E :8J]^RWi 5 5 7:8Re.p
OH
;;$ eK+ ;$@+g$7G EGE 7W)'e97U:8';T 5 5 7 5 *C[ 5%E ] 4 78M 5%E sMK; 5 e; 5 L>M' W<._N;$V
5 78'+e%:8S+T 5 5 5 7G:GReK;;$F;6:878M'97GW 5E v*Re%: 5%E C m a+W +;RW<J; E 5 eY%R E :8 E ;$
7I
W<.e9>787G>.7U<+; +W<K+< 5E8E5zE >e:8.7(i'e R >eK; 5 7P I W<' 5 sM'; 5 e; 5 Ve E :G3M''1%7 5
eT 5<E +78K0;$. +78+e%:8C fZ5 7` EGEG5 V W0RH: 5i5 78'; 5 C
Download dos programas

D 5 ; 5E5%E $;$' 5%E pX 5 e%:8); 5%E 7 5 78W< E YR#7GN+W e E :G#M''1%7 5 5 ;+W E >7
>e 5 e:878; 5E +W RQ7S=S=TVUWXWYXYXYVZ)[\&]^&SX_`_&acbS\dêZ`\f1Z*g7dWaX\YX[ch\X^&ai@Z)TXQ&TyC
i i
i i
i i

2"
!">/
i i
Captulo 1
Introduo
M.>H: 5 7@Y%R E ^'e:8+78 E8E ( 5 7@ 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;$ 5 W<.MK; 5 78 E 7 5 1I1+M'W<+e%:Gv E ' 5 Y%R
]JJ7U0Y%R E +781(RW 5 W<'M'; 5 7NC fZ5 7` E8E5 V 1IW 5E t+e E 7G>1>W)>e%:G;$ E +R$:G'7^Y%R E
E T 5 E ReLS E ; E +W<L>e9; E 5 7bRW 5 W<.MK; 5 7NC D W3t]+W 5 78;78+W 5E 5 W 5E
E :G78R$:8R78<'e%:G>7GeW<+e%:GbRW 5 W<'M'; 5 73 5 W)>e%:878+W 5%EÈ5 7Gbi +7878W)>e%:8i%I1I 4`4 V
RW+7U; 5 7a;$b 5 W).MK; 5 7G E Y%R E +7U0R$:G'M.'_>; 5 e E :GJ:8g : 5 C
1.1 O que faz um compilador

j bRWi 7U E aW 5E bY%R;$'_yG^W7 5 7UWiJ;$( 5 W<R:8; 5 7d]^RW< E NY=kI+e+'; E
" E 78Wi_+>e;ae E R^W<>W)7GKI CB? E8E E NY =kI+e+';$F E " E 5 ;$67G>7G E >e%:87;; 5%E :U E
5 W 5 =H
e W)>7 5%E .e%:8+'7 5%E V E :G78'e E V78+ E :G7 5E :UC'V 5 R 5 ;$ E +7RWi<.e E :G78RS>T 5 VLYRb.eL;$'>
5 W 55 5 W<R:8; 5 7d;$>1 E 5 W) 5 7G:87>CW<+W<78'J]^;.1 K;$';+W MKI1 78 E V>;JY%RM
5E8E R'e; 5 RW+e;+78>S 5 5 7g$+W<M 5 V Vy"V$VyC'C'C <Y%R)';+e%:G +i;(Wie+'78 lHe'>C
?dW3 5 7U E v-7GWi_>+e; 5 e-W<+W<78KVZ: 5 ; 5 7 5 78W<]z+g NR$:U; 5 e 46f ; 5
5 W<R$:8; 5 7NC 46f 5E8E RL7G> E :878; 5 78 E Y%R`RL7U;W\:8+W< 5 7U78'W)>e%:G`;; 5EdEG5 78
5E Y%R E(E );$ E *vW78>M.'_>7 5 L>78S E C fZ5 7(g$>W)M 5 VtL7U E5 Wi7RWe W)>7 5 =H 78We; 5 e}W<+W<78'}e 5 +e;$>7GNS 5 "N } 5 W 5 XH
e W<+7 5 78Wi_+>e; 5 e 5 +e;$>7GNS 5 "N "<
5 M 5 >7 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 e 5 +e;+78>S 5 "> %$V$ 46f ;$>1>7GK3+g$>R:87 5 L>78S E 5 W 5

5 K7 5 'H
5 e%:G ; 5 ;) 5%E KS+T 5 ;W)>W<78'z"> 378 5 78+ E :G7U; 5 7F nm
5 K7 5 5 e%:G'H; 5 ;) 5%E KS+T 5 ;W)>W<78'z"> " 78 5 78+ E :G7U; 5 7 n m

EG5 Wi7 5 5 e%:G' H;5 ;$ n >W /m

5 K7 5 5 e%:G' H;5 ;$ 7U)< 5%E KS+T 5 ;$W<>W)7GKz"> C

465 W 5 RW<+e%: 5 ;b 5 W<M.+g$';;$ ; 5E 7 5 7UWi E ;$( 5 W)R$:8; 5 7NV: 5 78e 5 R$p E ê>+ E p
I
E 78 5 ;$ E >e%1 5 M'1 +pXM 5E e RWe 1+M%;$@ E :878S+T 5 RW 5 R 5 Wi E >M.>1I; 5 VNW<+e 5%E ;$>L>e;$+e%:8
; E 'e E :G78RS E ;$ RWi0;$+:G>7GW<'e;3WiY%R'eCZj 5 78W+7GK; E V E8E .W}V$ E M.'eRL>e E ;$
"
i i
i i
i i

,
!"+
i i
àà Z0*[àd* )a
M.: 5 e 1+MXVLY%R E R E :G.:GR>W E 'e E :87GRLS E ; 5E 5 W<R$:U; 5 7G E 5 7 5 Wie; 5%E Rv E R$:8.M'.p
_>S+T 5 5 W<7G>+e E T 5<E T 5 W< E > E C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V 5 5 WieL; 5
c = a + b;
'e;$K+iY%RY%R+78+W 5EÈG5 Wi7 5 5 e%:G ; 5 'H ;$RWi< 5E 'S>T 5 ;$W<+W<7GK0Y%RJ 5 U9W<;
t+M 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7i;$ A 5 W 5 5 e%:G ; 5 'H ;, 5%E KS+T 5 ;$W<+W<7GK,U9Wi;,;$ B
5 M 5 >7 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 e< 5%E KS+T 5 ;(W<>W)7GK<U9Wi;0; poIC
m # E M''eR>e E ;$<7 5 7UWiS>T 5 W0R;78W 78;$K+M'W<+e%:GV 5E 5 W<R$:U; 5 7G E e RW
>7: 5zE +e%:GK; 5 L>7GWie>++W'eM.:G>78; 5E E } 5 e E >R>W +e%:8+e;$>7*3'e E :G78RS E(E 'W)M. E
0Y%R) E :GvW e 5E >R&78+t+7G:G78 5 C fZ5 7( EGEG5 Vt7 5 7UWi E E 78H: 5E +WM'.eR+e E ;$0MH: 5
e 1>MB78> E W E +7 5 e 1>7:8'; 5%E e E8E E .e E :G78RS E e%:G E ;$ E +78+W+g$>R:8; 5E Ck? EGE )]b
78.eL'MZ:87G'RKS+T 5 ;$)RW 5 W).MK; 5 7>F:878e E 5 7GWi7RW7 5 78Wi< E 78H: 5 e RWi#M'.ep
RL>W;$MH: 5 e 1+Mu0Y%RÛ9WiW 5%E ;$^M'.eR+W 5 e%:Gù3+W .e E :G78RS E g$NR$:UI1+ E
5 7`RWi<;$:8+78W<.e;)WiY%R'e3u#Y%RbU9LWiW 5E ;$+ ;. 5)5 $v*: 5 C
PROGRAMA PROGRAMA
FONTE OBJETO
COMPILADOR
qrs
Fonte 1 Obj. 1
Fonte 2 Obj. 2
Compilador Linkeditor Executvel

. .
. .
. .
Fonte n Obj. n
qts
j[.R78"C."u f 7 5 + E8E5%E ;$ia 5 W<'M'S+T 5 i taM.'e>;$KS+T 5 C
l EGEG5 ]78 E RW<'; 5 e R7U"C'"{C-?dW +7UMXV 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7378>++tz 5 W 5 >e:878;

RW 7UY%R'1 5 5 e:8+e; 55 7 5 78W<e&M.'eR+W 5 e%:G- 5 7 5 78W<z 5 e:8Nb#7 5 ;R_
5 W 5E ;,RW 5 R$:87 5 7UYR.1 5 5 W 5 + ;. 55 $v*+: 5 5 7 5 78Wi 5 $v*: 5 CsR.:8 E
1>_+ E EGE <7 5 7UWi 5 $v*: 5 ]<L>e E L7G:G<; 5 7 5 7UWi 5 W 5 RW : 5 ; 5 Ci W< 5 7GK
; E M.'eRL>e E ;$7 5 78WiS+T 5 E +R E 78 E t> :8.1 5E 5 W<.MK; 5 78 E L>7GW<.:G>W Y%R}RW
7 5 78W< E *vz;$'1%K;$K; 5 >W ;$'1+7 EG5E 78Y%R'1 5%E pX 5 e%:8378 E LN :G'1 5%E^5 $v*: 5E C(= E8E )+ EG5
](e>+ E8E 7G 5 Wi E RW E8E5 7Ub7G>7U7 5 7 5 78W<JL7Ubg$NRS>T 5 {j[.R78"C'"LC
^WM'.e>;$.: 5 7^v*Re%:U}: 5 ; 5%E5E 7 5 7UWi E(5 $v*: 5E VB 5 78Wie; 55 7 5 7UWizg$>+R$:8I1+MXV
Y%RJ E :8)7 5 e%: 5 78 E +7^+7G78+%; 5 e<W<+W<78'); 5 5 W<R$:U; 5 7FJ+g NR$:U; 5 C
i i
i i
i i

/,
!"No
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 wvyx0*0ZaVz|{b /
1.2 Os componentes de um compilador

D 7U;'+ 5 eM'W<+e%:GVZ& 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ;$zRW 5 W).MK; 5 73];$.1 K;$K;+W7:8 E Vk+;RWi
5 WRWi) ReS>T 5 E t> . >CZ?dW+7UMXV$ 5 ;$>W 5E K;$+e%:G >7`+WRW 5 W<'M'; 5 7N

5 eM' E ; 5 7FM.]+g$' 5 m

5 eM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:GK 5 m

5 eM' E ; 5 7 E >Wie%:GK 5 m
5 +7U; 5 7F;J+$;$. 5 C

1.2.1 O analisador lxico

eM. E ; 5 7[M']g$' 5 AZ>e+7G78+%p E F;$ E >7U7Ze 5 7 5 7UWi` 5 e:8^+; E W3 5 M 5 Y%R
:G>e9zM'RW E .e +; 5 78#M.'eR+W 5 R&;)I1 E 7Y%Re; 5 RW EG W0 5 M 5 Y%R0eLT 5
_L7G:G;<M'.eR+W]>e 5 e%:G7U; 5 C fZ5 7`g$+W<M 5 V1W 5%EÈ R 5 7`RW7 5 7UWi 5 e:8
5 W =kI+eLK);
E >R'e%:G E >Y E W3 5 M 5E
}~XM}wp~ S=d=_g_&:b'[
5 eM. E 7a:8MB+e%:878;V 5 eLM' E ; 5 7aM.]+g K 5 ;$>1>7GK)';$>e%:G +7^ I
5 5 787 >eK3;b E W)p
5 M 5E C[M.]>W;$ EGEG5 V 5 eM. E ; 5 7k;$>1`+:G> 5 78'_>7Z+;JRW ;$+M' E V'e;$K+e; 5 ;$Y%RF:G' 5
]Y%R>M. EG W0 5 M 5 CZ= 5 + E5 e%:G>7G 5 7NV%:G>7 W 5E

"I/3u 5 e E :Ue%:G('e:8+'78 m

gy" ue 5 W);$17GKI1>M 5 Rz7 5 N;$.W<>e: 5 m

m$u EG W3 5 M 5 E t>+'M* 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RMKI m

bue 5 W);$17GKI1>M 5 Rz7 5 N;$.W<>e: 5 m

:87GR(u# 5 e E :8e%:GJ 5 5 M.Ne m
t+.ezu#M'I1 7U378 E +781;C

1%KW<>e:8b E8E #MK E8E >S+T 5 ;$+t+e;0;$)YRLM[M.'eRL>W 5 e%:Gb E :U E +e; 5 eM..p
E ;C)MK E8E >S>T 5 5 ;$ E >77GNMZ78M.'eRL>W f E +MXVBWi E ++7G:8W<>e:8<eT 55
]3L7UiI1V 5 eL;$3#LMKI1%7U*t+.e$3eT 5 :8+W e>e9 RW E 'e >; 5 E t>+'M0 5 ;$ E >7
R$:8.M'._N;Vk 5 70+g$+W<M 5 Vd 5 W 5 e 5 W<;$z17GKI1>M{C& EGE 'WV@7U;$+:G+78W<.eL70Y%R E)E T 5
5E<EG W0 5 M 5%E Y%R;$>1>W E >7078> 5 e9NK; 5E t+M 5 AdVk;$>1+W 5%E 78> 5 787G>7 J ;$ E 78'S>T 5 ;
M'.eR+W}C
A ;$>1-:8W0L]>WI1 E 7YRLe; 5 RW EG W0 5 M 5 'e%1M.K; 5 78>+&e 5 7 5 7UWi

5 e%:8C fZ5 7d+g >W<M 5 V E 5)E W3 5 M 5 " | L78>>7ke RW7 5 7UWi E >e; 5 eM' E
; 5 5 7@RW
5 W<.MK; 5 7%I1V 5 A;$>13I1 E 7^Y%R3RW EG W0 5 M 5 'e 1M''; 5 5 [+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V 5 E y |
eT 5 _J7G:G;$e>e9 RWi<+:8+ 5 78'0;$ E W3 5 M 5E >H:U3t+M 5 A@C
i i
i i
i i

!">
i i
àà Z0*[àd* )a
Re+ 5 eW<>e: 5 ; 5 A L78>z E :8e%:G E 'W<M. E C D R; 55 Y%R+M';$>1z_>+7<]

GYR+7U7 5 7 5 7UWi 5 e%:G +W E W3 5 M 5E ^1>7G +7@bY%R>:8+ 5 7GK(+M' E L>7:8+e++W}CZ
1>78;;$aeT 5 ]L>W E8E C[?kg$ E :G>W ;$'1>7 EG5E 5 W<M''>; 5 7G E L7U EGE :87G+Cd78'W)>.7 5
;$>M. E ]Y%R#}+e%:878;}e+W E +W<78) E :U}:8T 5 L>W7G78RWi;z 5 W 5 Y%R#W 5E :G7UW 5E C
fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V 5 W 5iE +78')eLM' E ;) E >R'e%:GJ+e%:878; &
}~XM} g_&b[c=_[7a
?dMKi;$+1+78' E +7^;$'1 ';$K;} >W f E +MK
u 5 e E :Ue%:G('e:8+'78 m
@ L u#e 5 W)b;(17GKI1>M 5 Rz7 5 N;$'W)>e%: 5 m
u E W3 5 M 5 E LNKMG78U9I1 m
u#M'I1 7U378 E +781;C
R$:G7 5 : 5 7iYR}; +RM.:8- 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ; 5 A ]Y%R E :G} 5 ;>e 5 e%:G7U7Gp E #+W
E :8; 5E );$. +78+e%:G E V;# 5 78; 5 5 W 5%E +7U:G>7G E Y%R E T 5 +e 5 e%:G7U; 5E e 5 7 5 7UWi
5 e%:8C fZ5 7`+g$+W<M 5 V;$ EGE +W 5%E 9< 5 R 5 Y%Rb<78 E +eLS+);$RW |e 5 7 5 7UWi 5 e:8
+R E <RW +787 5 ;$>e 5 W<'e; 5 +787 5 M']g$K 5 C^s E E8E5 eLT 5 ]b1+7U;; E >W)7GC m 078>++7
e 5 7 5 78W1 5 e:U76RW+787 5 M']g$K 5 >W X bS7_f:\if^^dXd\g^ VV E 'WV%78> 5 p
e9N>7`RWii 5 e E :Ue%:G; 5 :8. 5E :G78.eLCd^M' 5#E +W<+M'9e:8 5 e%:G>+ 5 W 5E 5 W<+e%:87G 5E C
5 >e 5 e:8787>V 5 7@g$>W)M 5 V 53EG W0 5 M 5 (5 A&+e%:G7UJe RW E :8; 5 +W Y%R;$>1^'e 5 7U7
:GRL; 5 Y%R(7GNS+b:G] 5 78Ig$.W #7 V$:8]W< E W
5 5)EG W0 5 M 5%E e 5 7GWiM.W<+e%:8eT 5 1M''; 5E e
M'.eR+W}C
= 5 > :GRM 5 /b1+78+W 5%E 5 W 5 K;$>e:8 +7@ MK E8E >7 5%EdE W3 5 M 5E ;$RWiM''eR>W
5 W 5 5 e E :G78R'7`RWA@C
1.2.2 O analisador sinttico

eM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:GK 5 m Z] 5 5 7US+T 5 6; 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NV7G E 5 e E I1+M% 5 7k1+78 +7 E `
E >Y =kI+eLK0;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 5 e:8';0e 5 7 5 7UWiJ 5 e%:8J 5 78W<0RW7 5 7UWib1M.K; 5<5 ReT 5 C
= 5 :G 5 M.>H: 5 7bY%R 5 A E i+eL+7878+z;$iK;$+e%:G >7 5EEG W3 5 M 5E Y%R#7GN>We 5

7 5 78W< 5 e:8V%Wi E eT 53E ^78 5 +R>W 1+78 +7 E ( 5 7U;$+W +W Y%R +M' E 78>++W ]
1M''; 5 R}eT 5 Cd? E8E <]RW<; E :G78.R'S E ; 5 m C fZ5 7`+g$+W<M 5 V 5 e E ';+78 5<E +R'e:8
:G78>U9 5 ;$7 5 7UWi
b ^ } g ~
^g
i i
i i
i i

,o
!"Iq
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 wvyx0*0ZaVz|{b o
m ;$>1 E +7F+_^;$ eM. E 7k E8E 7 5 7UWi(^78> 5 e9N prM 5 I 5 W 5 1M''; 5 C f 7UJ E8E5 V
5 m 78> E E L>7 Y%R0L E iLMKI1%7U)7G E >7G1; pb;$>131 '7RW VRWii+g 7G EGE T 5
RW CZ> 5 E ;$ EGEG5 V ;$>11 '76RW 5 Wie; 5 Y%RM'Y%R>7>V% 5 76+g$+W<M 5 V RWi3:G78.R'S>T 5
5 W 5 ^g C
f 7UJ E8E5 V 5 m ] 5 e E :87GR ; 5bEG5 7GaRWi78W<:GK+JY%R^;$ E +7G>1^JM'.eR+W 5 e%:GC
? E8E <78Wi:GK+)]3 5 W< 5E :8i;$bRW< E ]>7G'b;$b78+78 E Y%R0;$ E 78+1+WY%R EE T 5 E 5 e E p
:G78RS E 1M''; E ;JM''eR>WCd m ;$>1^++.:87@Y%R>M. E 7 5 7UWi E Y%R E +R+W E8E E
78+7U E a7Gv*+.:87ub'e;$K+e; 5 I
5 5 787 >eK;$aRW+787 5JE 'e%:8:GK 5 ubY%R+M' E Y%R` E 1 5 MKW}C
= 5 + :GRM 5 0;$ E +7G>1+78+W 5%E 5 7FW)> 5 ;$(RWi07UWi:8'>b3M''eR>W ++ VY%R E +7U
R$:8.M'._N;e E :8):Gg : 5 L7Uz} 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$<RW 5 W<'MK; 5 7>C
X
5 W<+e%:87G>W 5E
D W3t]+W
Wi EÈ5 78(<R$:8.M''_>S>T 5 ;$7UWi:GK+ E 78);$ E 78+1+7aM'.eR+e E C
^M']+W;$+.:87 5E 7 5 78Wi EJE 'e%:8:GK+W<>e:8i 5 7878: 5%E i7Gv*+.:87 5E 'e 5 7G78: 5E V 5
m ;$ E >W)t+e9i'e; 5 R$:8780'W) 5 7G:8e%:G( ReS>T 5 Y%RJ]J< 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;<7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:G.p
+; 5 7 5 78Wi3 5 e%:GC ^Wi#781 5 7G E 'e:U:8'>]RWi# E :87GR:GR7U<+W 5 78Wi#;$)781 5 78Y%R
;$ E +7G>1J E 5 e E :G78RS E ;0M''eR>W7GN 5 e9>+'; E L>M 5 m e 5 7 5 7UWib 5 e%:GC m 5
7 5 78W<( 5 e%:G 5E8E RLRW 5 Wie; 5 b< 5 W 5 Y%R+M'1 E : 5 93 5 R 5 V E R0781 5 78 E .e%:8p
:GK+(;$>1a E L>M.9L7[ E8E 6: 5 a;$ E +7G>1+7Z 5 W 5 EGE F 5 WieL; 5 ]6 5 78Wi; 5 C fZ5 ;$+7 W 5E :G>7
780Y%R+M'J 5 Wie; 5 07G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+); R7U#"C V Y%RJ'e;$K+)Y%R 5 5 Wie; 5b<]
5 78Wi; 5 5 76RWig$78 E8E T 5 RW 5 Wie; 5 ;$ :G78.R'S>T 5 C[+g 7G EGE T 5 V 5 7 E RJ1>_V%]
:8W3t]+W 78+78 E +e%:U;J 5 7FRWi E R7G1 5 78^Rv378._ ] RW< 5 t+7US>T 5 ;$( 5 W)L7US+T 5 V
Y%Rb:8+W 5 W 5E R-7G1 5 78 E RWi E R-g$78 E8E T 5 ;$ E R$:878S+T 5 3RWi E R-g$78 E8E T 5 ;$
W3RMH:8.M'K+S>T 5 C
if
> =
- * a b
a 10 b 2
j['R7U"C bu#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
= 5%E > :GRM 5E <oi E :U78+W 5E :878:8e; 5 5 W;$:UM'9 E ; 5 m Cy= 5%E > :GRM 5%E #iq
:G7U:U78+W 5E ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
i i
i i
i i

,
!">
i i
àà Z0*[àd* )a
1.2.3 O analisador semntico

eLM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:8' 5 m +W# '781+78 +7 E 5E E t> : 5E(E >Wie%:GK 5%E ; 5 7 5 7UWi
E :8T 5 5 7G78: 5E V 5 R E *vV E êT 5 I
+g$ E :G>W'e 5 >7 >eK E Y%Re%: 5 50E 'e >; 5 ; E 5 e E :G78R$p
S E R$:G'M.'_>; E t+M 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7NC
eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie:8' 5 eT 5 R$:G'M.'_>^W< E5 7 5 78W<6 5 e:8d78F_++7B:8M1>7G +S+T 5 C

?dW\1+_@;$ E8E5 VNR:G'M.'_> 781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+ 5 W 5 7G>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiC2eM' E ; 5 7
E +Wie%:GK 5 I
;$>1J7 5 +R7U7a 5 7`.eL 5 +7 +e+' E 5 W 5
:8. 5E ;$ 5 t+7Ue; 5E .eL 5 W<: 1> E 5 W 5 t+7U; 5 78 E C m :8.1+78W 5E5 5 Wie; 5
^g `--1I7GKI1>M`& 5 ;$NMK7U;; 5 :8. 5 iSXdb[7PV@>e:UT 5,5 eM' E ; 5 7
E +Wie:8' 5 ;$+1 5 e%:U7RW+787 5E +Wie:8' 5 V 5 E E8E <:8. 5 ;$ 5 L>78e; 5 eT 5 ]
5 W<: 1+MB 5 W 5<5 L>78; 5 7 m
17GKI1> E eT 5 ;>MK7U; E m

78>;>MK7US>T 5 ;$178'I1+ E m

U9LWi; E ;$J ReS E`5 RW<]: 5 ; 5E 5 W 5 eX H W<+7 5 'e 5 787G+: 5 ;$7UW<+:G7 5E m

5 WieL; 5E 5 M 5 +; 5E 5 78,;$- 5 e%:8g : 5 C fZ5 7#g$+W<M 5 V^R$:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ;$RW 5 p
Wie; 5 `\[7S:b[=_( 5 780;$RW 5 Wie; 5 ; MKS 5 ;$+1 E +7a 5 e%:8;3 5 W 5 RW >7G7 5
E +Wie:8' 5 C
? E8E E +787 5E eT 5#E T 5 ;:GN :U; 5%E t+M 5 m Vt 5 E eT 5 5 e E :G.:GR>W>7G7 5EÈ 'e:U:8' 5E C6
5 7U; 5 5 W78Wi:GK+};M.'eRL>W 5 e:8VZRWi17GKI1>M 5 ;$ V` E +73R:G'M.'_>;+W
RWizg$78 E8E T 5 5 W 5 ^g `$VyeT 5 .W< 5 7G:8e; 5}E 0 5 d;$NMK7U;e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G 5 R
eT 5 V 5 R}Y%RMy] 5iE +Rz:G' 5 C
f 7U#;$ E +W<t+e9L7 E +R&t+MXV 5 m >W ;$+t+e;0;$0RWi<:8L>M'z;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C^=+MK

E T 5 7GWi_++eL; E 'e$ 5 78WiS E ;$<178KI1+ E ;>MK7U; E VL ReS E(5 R&W<]: 5 ; 5E Vy:G' 5%E(5 R
MK E8E E C m 5 W)>e%:G0 5 Wi:Ut+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ]3 5E8EG 1+M[7GNM'._N71IM.K;S+T 5zE >W<e%:GK+
; 5 7 5 7UWiC f[5 7 +g$+W<M 5 Vy 5 eM' E 7 5 5 WieL; 5 ^g ` 5 R-W<+M'9 5 7NVtz781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8- E8E } 5 WieL; 5 V 5 m >W 78>+ E E t+7 E +;&RWi; E
178'I1+ E +e 1 5 M.1 K; E 5 7G>1%KW<>e:8;$>+M'78; 5 :8. 5 ;$+;RWi;$>M' E C f 7U
:8e%: 5 V 5 W< E W 5 m +W ;$+1V` 5 eM' E 7iRW 5 Wie; 5 ;$&;$NMK7US+T 5 5 W 5 b[7S`$V
`
'eM'R'7@eb:8t+MKb;$ E W3 5 M 5E 178'I1+M $V%.eL;$'>e; 5 V%+e%:G78 5 R:G7U E 5 E E V%YR E +R<:G' 5
"b[XSPC
]
= 5 + :GRM 5 :878:878+W 5%E ;$:Ut+MK-;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C2= 5%E > :GRM 5%E -2""Vd'7G>W 5%E
E :GRL;7^ 5 W 5 Re 5 e<RWeLM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie:8' 5 C
1.2.4 O gerador de cdigo

^Wi(1>_a1+78 +; 5 Y%RaeT 5 +g$ E :G>W+787 5E[E 'e%:8:8' 5EZ5 R E +Wie%:8' 5E V 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7Z 5 ;$
78>M''_>7 E Rb:87G+VY%R ](378'S+T 5 ; 5 7 5 78W< 5 $v*: 5 C[?dW >78M{V 5 7 5 78Wi 5 $v*: 5
]78Wi_+>e; 5 e RW78Y%R'1 5 Y%RJ 5 ;$ E +7` 5E :G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G(M'.e>;$.:8; 5 5 W 5 R$:87 5%E 7 5 p
7UWi EZ5 $v*+: 5E@5 R E .W<M' E W<+e%:Ga>787G>; 5 @ebW)>W<78'b; 5 5 W)R$:8; 5 7d g$>+R$:8; 5
t+M 5<E E :8+Wi 5 t+7U 5 eLMXC
i i
i i
i i

q
!">
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 wvyx0*0ZaVz|{b q
7 5 7UWi 5 $v*+: 5 P

78 +:GV[W<N;$'e%:G#'e E :G78RS E ;$#Hg 5 e 1>M{V 5E 5 Wie; 5E ; 5
7 5 78W;zWiY%R'e 5 R>;zMK:U 5 78Wi 5E8E RkRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;H +p
78+e%:G;'e E :87GRLS E ;$W<> 5%E ;$( EGEG5 50E E :8+Wi 5 L>78 5 eM{V>W+7UM]eN E8E 78 5
Y%RJg$ E :U0RW>78; 5 7a;$b+ ;. 5 ; E :G'e%: 5 7U)+;0M':8 5 7GWiC
5 :G'W<._NS>T 5 ; 5 + ;. 5 :8W3t]+W 5 ;$0_+>7J7G:G<; 5 7 5 + E8E5 ;)+7US>T 5 ;$ip

;$' 5 C=^>M' E T 5 M'K+; E ;$'1>7 E E :G]NeK+ E 78 5 :8.W<'_>7bM'RWi E >7U:G+7 KE :8'> E ; 5
7 5 78W< 5 $v*+: 5 V 5 W 5 V$ 5 7`g$+W<M 5 V E +Rz:8W<e9 5<5 R E R)1+M 5 K;;C
>78S+T 5 ;$i$;$' 5zE +7U:G7U:8;#e 5 > :GRM 5 "NC3?dW 1+_<;$<e 5E 5 e++e%:G7U78W 5E
+WRWii7UY%RH:8:8R78)7:8'+RMK7NV%'78+W 5E R$:8.M''_>7 )s&Y%R'e<'7:8RMB%I1} s&` 5 W 5
WiY%R'epwM'1 5 ; 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W).MK; 5 7>Cz(s ]#RW7 5 7UWi>_#;$ig$NR$:U7e
1>78;;$V'e%:G+7878:U7 d7UY%R'1 5E C MK E8E YR E T 5 +7U; 5E 5 7` 5 W<'M'; 5 78 E I1C[ EGE .W
5 W 5 Y%RMKY%R+7 5 R$:878bW<Y%R.eLV 5%EGE RtRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$(.e E :G78RS E Y%R E >78T 5 R$:G'M'._N; E
+We 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7a7U07G>7G E >e%:87 5%E 5 WieL; 5E ;$bMH: 5 e 1+MB;)e 5%EGE 3M''eR>W
5 e%:8Ce 5%EGEG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7(eLT 5 +7U;$.78:UW<+e%:8)RW 7UY%R.1 5 +C MK E8E VyWi E V E 'W}VBRW
7UY%R'1 5 +W Y%R( E 'e E :G78RS E ;3(s 5 ;$>W E >7@1 E RM.'_>; E V 5 W 5 e RWibM''eR>W
;$0W 5 e%:8+W}C D M[7UYR.1 5 5 ;$ E >7 5E :G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G7 5 EGE ; 5 3:G7Ue E 5 78Wi; 5 e RW
+C +M' EGE UVyR:G'M.'_>e; 5 p E 5 7 5 78W< E W<'eBV;$ E +7G.: 5 E >R'7>C)=1>78;;$Vy E8E 5 7Gp
;+W;+7U7Gp E ^RW$;$' 5 'e:8+78W<>;$K78 5 R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 RWi)M'.eR+W;(W 5 e:U+W}V
Y%RJ;$+ 5 E ]:878e E 5 7GWi; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi 5 $v*: 5 V ]:UW0L]>W R$:G'M.'_>;0+W 5 W<.MK; 5 78 E
78> E C
1.3 O JavaCC e o Jasmin

=^ E :8 :8g : 5 E :U78+W 5E R$:G'M.'_>e; 5)5 7 5 7UWib%I1I 4`4 7U3+7GK7FRW 5 W<'M'; 5 7F7U
RWiiM'.eR+W E .W<M' E Vt78 E +e%:8;<e 5 > :GRM 5 C^? E8E 07 5 7UWi)]bRW >78; 5 7 ;$
5 W<.MK; 5 78 E V 5 RWi E 7GN E W)>e%:G#RW +7U; 5 73;$eM. E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:GK 5 C-?dM': 5 Wi
5 W 5 >e:878;zRWiz78Wi:GK+):G7Ue E 5 78Wipwie RW 7 5 78W<zI1+_<;$ieM. E 7
RW7UYR.1 5 b;$'_+>7 E E :G E _ 5 ReT 5 E 7G>7U E E LN +; E e EGE )7UWi:8'>C
?dM'6:UW0L]>W 5 +78>+d+.M'K;;$ E L7U^ 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;(781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+C 5 ;$ E 78+1+7

-7UWi:8'>VZ 5 ;$+p E z:8W0L]>W .eL;$'>7< 5 W 5 -7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+-;$+1 E +7< 5 e E :87GR ;V
'e 5 7G 5 7Ue; 5 p E ($;$' 5 7U378>M.'_>7F:8MP:U78< 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:8' 5 +7U; 5 VPC
. +78+e%:8+W<+e%:G;$ 5 R$:G7 5E >78; 5 78 E ;$eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 V 5 7 5 7UWi+7U; 5
t+M 5 %I1I 4`4 7GNM'._NRW:G' 5 ;$}eM. E E 'e%:8:GK+U9Wi;;: 5 ; 5 ~è 5 ReM' E
;$ E ++e;$>e%:GCJ R$:G7 5 5 e%: 5 YR3;$. +78 5 %I1 4`4 ;$ 5 R$:G7 5E 7 5 7UWi EÈ 'W)'MK78 E ])Y%R
Y%R>M.}t+78W<H:8&Y%R E vW ; eK; 5%Ei5 eM. E ; 5 7)M']g$K 5 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 ;$
RWi E )1>_CZ?dW+7UMXV 5 R$:87 5%E 7 5 78Wi E@E T 5 R$:8.M'._N; 5%E 5E 7G E AB+g# @+mj[M.+g
n E5 eL V$RW7U0+7U7 5 eLM' E ; 5 76M']g$K 5 5 R$:87 5 V$7U 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 C
%I1I 4`4 ] RW7 5 ;$R: 5 ; 7 5 7G'>;;$ ; m Re}sK7 5E E :8+W E (M.'t+7U; 5)E5 3M'.p
>eS+ n >7G+M'+ m 5 :*~F7G` E :G78'R$:G 5 e nam (C fZ5 ;$ E +7 5 $:GK; 5 e l e%:G>7Ge:@e 5 >e;$>7GNS 5
Q7SXS&T:i|UWXW&X^&]^`=`|Z3aX_]Z6&^&]ÔZ[_&S7WC3= E :G<:8g : 5 :878:878+W 5%E ; 5E E t>: 5E ; 5 I1 4`4
Y%R#'e%:G+78 E8E W J 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;$e 5E8E5 t>Y%R+e 5 5 W).MK; 5 7>C}>;+:8; 5 e E p
:G78RS>T 5 ; 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7 E +7UT 5 ;; 5%E Wi E ;$+:8M'9 E ; 5 Re+ 5 eW<+e%: 5 ; 5 I1 4`4 CL=T 5
:G>W 5E Vy 5 7G]>WVBz'e:8+eS>T 5 ;$i 5 7U;7: 5 ; 5E(5%E ;:8M.9 E ;$)R E5 ;$ E :8 EG5 :*~a78C f 7U
:8M{V 5 M'+.: 5 7^;$+1 1+78 >7a<; 5 RW<+e%:US+T 5 Y%R 5 W<e9 5iE5 :*~F7G J E .eL;$'>S E
;$ 5 R$:G7U E 5 e%:8 E ;$'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5 YR E J+e 5 e%:G7UWe 5 I
^ +e;$K n C
i i
i i
i i

,
!)
i i
àà Z0*[àd* )a
7 5 7UWi( E W<'e)]RWi.e%:8+7G^;^W 5 e%:8+W7UJI1i{I1J m E >sM.>7 l =^p

:G>7I VY%R6: 5 W<J 5 W 5 >e%:G7U; RW78Y%R'1 5 m 4 lGl 5 W'e E :87GRLS E sF7 5 ;$R_FRW
7UY%R'1 5 +g$>R:8I1>M[ s 78Y%R'1 5 C MK E8E *Cb? E8E )7 5 7UWii 5 ;$):8W3t]+W E +7 5 :GK; 5
e l e%:G+78e+:>VBe 5 +eL;$+78>S 5 Q7SXS=TUWXWYXY=YVZ`^&SZ[ Z6_&acW7
fc_ _dW&X^7i
fb'[yC^?@M. E +7UR$:8.M'.p
_>; 5 + EG55 M'+.: 5 7bY%R+'78z7 5 ;$R_+'7RW7UYR.1 5 g$NR$:UI1+Mk7:8.7; 5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5
t+M 5 5 W<'MK; 5 7^YR.78+W 5E 5 e E :87GR'7è E :8J:Gg : 5 C@?@W 5 R$:G7U E M'I1 7U E V e 5E8E5 5 W<.p
MK; 5 7^>78)RW 7 5 78W<) s Y%Rb E :U<e 5 5 7GWi: 5 m 4 lGl 3Y%Rb 5 ;$ E +7^'M.W<>e:8
1 E RM.'_>; 5 CZ E8E 'W 5 ;$+W 5E 1+78 >7 E 5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5 E :8< 5 7G78: 5b5 ReT 5 C f[5 7G]>W}V
78Y%R< 5%EGE W 5E g$NR$:U7J E8E i+ ;. 5 Vy78>+ E W 5E +g NR$:U7JWi E RWi:U78VY%R
](:G7Ue E 5 78WiprM 5 e%RW7UYR.1 5 g$NR$:UI1+MP%I1IV R$:G'M.'_>e; 5)5 7 5 7UWib% E W<.eBCk% E W<.e
]3L7G:G0; 5 Wi:8+78'MR$:8.M'._N; 5 e 5 M''1%7 5 $ :#;$ D 7 5 7 5 ~`.e0 5 e
s>+7NVRM.K+; 5 t+MKb c`>.M'M'FY%Ra;$ E 78+16(sY%R'e I
'7:8RM$%I1CZ^ +e;$K 4
7G E >e:Ub:UW0L]>WRWi)LNY%R+e)'e%:G7 5 ;RS+T 5 5 R E5 ; 5 % E W<.eBC
i i
i i
i i

,
!)$"
i i
Captulo 2
A Linguagem X ++
ê%:8 E ;$b 5 e%:G'e R78W 5E 5 Wi 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W).MK; 5 7>V E :8R;eL; 5 5 W 5 Re$p
5 eL+;RWi;$ E RL E L7G:G E V[7GN E W 5E ;$ e'7)M.'eRL>W)prM.1 5 ;+M'CO 5 Y%R
78+W 5%E e E :Gb+ :GRM 5 C
fZ5 ;+7 W 5%E R:G'M.'_>7)M''eR>e E ;z7 5 78WiS+T 5 5 W 5 I1 5 R 4 xx0C 465 e:8R; 5 V
E8E E M.'eR+e EJE T 5 5 W<M'g E ;$>Wi E 7U 5%EJ5 $v*+:G'1 5%E ;$ E :8<M.'1 7 5 C0?dW 1>_<; E8E5 V
'7G>W 5%E ;$ e'76RWiM''eR>W Y%R E *vbW< E6E 'W<M' E V%Wi E Y%R^ 5E8E 3;7@ 5 M'+.: 5 76RWi
1 E T 5 5 W<M':U;$z 5 W 5 RW 5 W<.MK; 5 7 ReL 5 eC&M'.eR+WY%RR$:8.M''_>78+W 5%E u
zU9LWi78+W 5E
X ++
;u-]zRWiM'.eR+W 5 78.>e%:8; 5 $v*+: 5%E3E +W<+M'9e%:8 J %I1IV
5 78]+WM'.+'78W<+e%:G(Wi EÈ 'W<M. E C
f 7U(; e'7d E 'e%:8g `;(M'.eR+W}V'78+W 5E e%:8 E 78+M'+W3787ZM.Re E 5 e>H: 5EkEG5 78
M'.eR+e E 5 7GWi E ^ 5 W 5 5 ;+W 5E ; e.prM' E C l 7G>W 5E :G7U:U7@;^M.t: 5%E VM.'eR+e E V
7UWi:GK+ E 5 R$:878 E 5 7GWi E 5 W0RW<+e%:G R E ; E 7Ub;$ e'7p E E .e%:8g$;$M''eR>e E
;$7 5 78WiS+T 5 C
2.1 Alfabetos, palavras e linguagens

l eKKM'W<+e%:GV@;$ e.W 5%E MHL+: 5 5 W 5 RW 5 ev*Re%: 5& eH: 5 }eT 5 1_> 5 ;$ E W3 5 M 5E C
E8E .W}V 5 7`+g >W<M 5 V 5EÈ +R.e%:8 E 5 ev*Re%: 5%EÈ T 5 MHL+: 5%E
V'"=m
V'"V$V /V Vo$V Vq V V V 7=m
V BV V'C.C'C.V _=m
V$BVLBVt C
4 ;^+M'+W<+e%: 5 ;$@RW\MHL+: 5 ]FU9Wi; 5 ;$@RWi`M':878C= 5 :G+p E @Y%Rde E :G6 5 e%:G+g : 5
5 :8+78W 5 M.+:G7U):G+W RW E .e +; 5 ;$'1+7 EG5 ;Y%R>M.3Y%R3 E :8W 5%E 5E :GRWi; 5E iR E 7^
Y%Ra 5 ;$>7GK:G+7d 5 W 5JE 'ee.W 5 M' 5 5 W 5 >7U :8+78 CB E8E 'W}V 5 Y%R7G: 5 M.t: 5 5E8E R
<M.+:G7U E V +V N bi EGE E H
;R E M.:G'Wi E 5 W :87I E >7U:G+78 E C
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2">
!)
i i
"> àà(BZ)*àd*<a
^WibLMKI1%7U 5 R#>;$>' E5 7GRW M.t: 5 ]RWi:8RMK 5 78;$>e;;$M':878 E ;$ C

fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5

h0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0i
]RWi)MKI1 78 E5 78
V'"&m
h2, 1, 0, 8i V."V V /V LV oV Vq$V V &m
]RWi0LMKI1%7U E5 7G
hc, o, m, p, i, l, e, ri
]RWi)MKI1 78 E5 78
V BV.C'C'C.V$_&m
ha, ab, b, abci
]JRWi<M'I1 7U EG5 78
V BVLBVt C
?dW +7UMXVy 5 ;$>W 5E 78+78 E +e%:87RWiM'I1 7Ut+eL E M.R$:8.eLe; 5 Vye 5 7U;$+W 5 7Gp
78:8V E M':878 E Y%Rb< 5 W< >WC fZ5 7`g$+W<M 5 V$ 5 ;$+W 5E E +7G>1>7
h0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0i
&2 020&02m
5 W 5
5 W 5p 0&2m
h2, 1, 0, 8i
5 W 5 !19t C
hc, o, m, p, i, l, e, ri
fZ5 78]+W}V
ha, ab, b, abci
eLT 5 5 ;$ E >7078+7G E >e:U; E 'W)M. E W<+e%:8z 5 7 &'+V6 5 E
E8E 78+7G E >e:US>T 5 5 ;$>7GK(.e;'>7 5 R$:G7U E M'I1 7U E M']+W ;Y%R>M'Y%R^; E *vW 5%E 7G>7G+p
E +e%:87>Vy 5 W 5 VP 5 7 +g$+W<M 5 V C= E8E <+ E5 Vt 5 ;$+W 5%E R$:8.M''_>7J E S 5%E +e%:87G
E M.+:G7U E 7U}.eL;$'>7) 5 W 5
ha, a, b, abci
E +787*i E M':878 E ;&MKI1 78C}MKI1 78
E +78'VL>e:UT 5 VL78+78 E +e%:U;i 5 W 5 p,3)iLMKI1%7U ha, a, b, abci
Vt 5 W
ha,
5 #
ab, b, abci
+C
= 5 :G+p E V$ 5 78]+W}VY%R 5E E S 5%E eLT 5 _>+WL7G:G;)MKI1 78C
e+p E 5 :8Wie9 5 ;$FRWi(MKI1 78 {;$+e 5 :8; 5 5 7 Z 5 W XH

5 5 e W<+7 5 ;FM':878 E
;$ "$Ck= 5%E g$+W<M 5E e:8+78 5 7G E V:G>7 W 5%E
|x|
|010110| = 6
m
|2108| = 4
m
|compiler| = 8
m
C
|a ab b abc| = 4
m 5 7G)YRLMKYR+7MHL+: 5

VP;$ ep E 3RWi He'>iM'I1 7Ui;$b:UWie9 5 Y%R3;+e 5 p
:8W 5E 5 7 Cd e+W)p E V$:8W3t]+W}V 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5E

k M'I1 7U E E5 7G

| |x| = k
&m
=
[

k = 0 1 2 ...
m
k=0
C
+ = {}
4 9+%W 5E Vy+e%:UT 5 V J ;$ e'S>T 5 ; 5 Y%R0]<RWizM.'eR+W} ;; 55 MHL+: 5 VBRWi

M'.eR+W EG5 7G

]@RW E RP 5 ev*Re%: 5 Y%RM'Y%R>7;$
Ck*vW

5E5E g$+W<M 5E E +R.7NC
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2""
!)/
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
""
Vy"V V "Vy"N Vy""(]JRWi<M'.eR+W EG5 7G V."( Y%Rb 5 e%:G]>W E > E LMKI1%7U E m
78+7G E >e:U3RWeXHW<+7 5 ;$>+.WiM W<7']RWi
M' 'xeR{0, 1, 2, "V$V /V Vo$V Vq V V 7
3, 4, 5, V'6, 7, 8, 9} | x 5 WRWe=HW)>7 5 'e e.: 5 ;$LMKI1%7U E m

>W E5 78

5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$(: 5 ; 5EF5E 7 5 78W< E %I1b1M''; 5E E .e%:U:GK+W<+e%:GJ 5 7G78: 5E k]JRWi
M''eR>W E5 78 RWM.t: 5 5 W< 5%E : 5 ;

M'I1 7U E 7G E >7G1; E 5 W # V#[ LV
5 :UC
EG W0 5 M 5%E E LNK E 5 W 5 V:tV5 +:8C

e 5 W) E ;$178'I1+ E V%W<]: 5 ; 5E VMK E8E E :8C
f 7U; e'78W 5%E 5 78W<M.W<>e:8}RWi-M''eR>W ;$7 5 78W<S+T 5 Vk;$+1+W 5E V@>e%:8T 5 V
;$ e'7JY%RM 5 MHL+: 5}E5 78 5 Y%RMZ E8E #M'.eR+W]) 5 78Wi;i;$ e.7Y%R EJE T 5 E
M'I1 7U E 1M.K; E 78 E8E M'.eR+W}C= E 78Ig$.Wi E[E >S E 1+78+W 5E M'RW< E Wie+'78 E
;$J_++7a EGEG5 C
2.2 Gramtica livre de contexto

?dW\>78M{VNRWi^M''eR>W;$67 5 7UWiS+T 5 t+7G:G+eL6^RWiMK E8E @;$@M''eR>e E U9We E M'.1 78 E ;@ 5 e:8g : 5 C^Wi ; E Wie+'78 E ;$ E @; e'78+W :8 E M''eR>e E
]F 5 7kW)> 5 ; E 78Wi:GK+ E M'.1 78 E ;$` 5 e%:Gg : 5 CWi78W<:GK+M.'1 7Ga;$` 5 e:8g : 5 {JA 4
]JRWiiY%R;$78RMK V 5 e;$
h, , S, P i

u] 5 M.t: 5<EG5 7G 5 Y%RMB)M'.eR+W];$ eK; m

u]JRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 eT 5 1_> 5 ;$ EG W3 5 M 5E eT 5 :8+78W)'e E m
P
u#]RW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$7 5 ;$RS E ;) 5 78W<
A
V 5 eL;$
A

( )
m
u#] 5iEG W0 5 M 5 'e'+'MB;)7UWi:8'>V C
S S
Q 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;FRW< 7UWi:GK+`] 5 M.t: 5JEG5 78 5 Y%RM$ E M'I1 7U E ;M''eR>W
;$ E v; E T 5

5 78Wi; E Cz= 5 5 e%:G+g%: 5 ;$zJA 4FE VZ 5E :GRWM.>W)>e%: 5E ;$
;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E :G>7GW<'e E C^ 5 ev*Re%: 5 ]b;$ E v*Re%: 5 ;$ C m +R E +M'+W<+e%: 5E eT 5 +e%:G7UW

e0 5 78WiS>T 5 ; E >;$>' E ;<M.'eRL>W}C m T 5

R$:G'M'._N; 5%E 5 W 5iEG W0 5 M 5%E R$g$.M'K78 E 7U
;$ e'7G>W0p E J E 7 5 ;RS E ;<78Wi:GK+C
E 7 5 ;$RLS E
P
E T 5 78+78 E ;$ E R E :8H:8RKS+T 5 I
Y%R<: +W; 5 M'; 5 E Y%R+7U; 5 ; 5

RW
EG W0 5 M 5 eT 5 :G+78W<.eLMP ; 5 MK; 5 ;$.78+.: 5 V RWi0>;$>'b 5 78W<; 5 7 EG W0 5 M 5%E :8+78W)'e E
EG W0 5 M 5%E eT 5 :G>7GW<'e Ed5 R Cd7G:G'76; 50EG W0 5 M 5 'eKKM V% E8E E 78+7U EkE T 5 M''>; E
E R E :G.:GR'e; 5 p E 5

eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM[Y%R<L78>0; 5 MK; 5
S
E Y%R+7U; 5 ;$0RW<z7 5 ;$RS+T 5 t+MK
M'I1 7U)Y%R3 E :8#; 5 M'; 5 ;$'7G>H: 5 ;$ E :8C m 3iLMKI1%7U 5 $:8';i 5%EGE R E5 W)>e%:G EG W0 5 M 5%E
:G>7GW<'e E V@+e%:UT 5 E8E M'I1 7Ut+7G:G+eL J M.'eRL>W ;$ e';L>M'7UWi:GK+C m
+;$+K 5 $:GK; 5 e:8]+W .e; EG W0 5 M 5%E eT 5 :G+78W<.eL E Vy>e:UT 5 e 5 1 E E R E :8H:8R'S>T 5 E
;$>1W# E +7 +.:8 E :8]0Y%R E )U9+R0RWi>;$>'#Y%R0:G>e9zt+e E EG W0 5 M 5%E :8+7Gp
W<.eL E C
dW 5E : 5 Wi7^ 5 W 5 +g >W<M 5 <78W<:GK+ V 5 e;$

]
G1 = h{S, A, B}, {a, b, c}, S, P i P
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2"N
!)
i i
"N àà(BZ)*àd*<a
(1) S AB
(2) A aAb
(3) A
(4) B cB
(5) B
E8E 'W}V$b7:8.7F; 50EG W0 5 M 5 .e'+'M 5 ;$+W 5%E M.K+7@RWi E NY&kI+e+'b; 7 5 ;$RS E
;$ :8]Y%RRWi&>;$>' \Y%R S
5E8E R&t+e E0EG W0 5 M 5%E :8+78W<.e E)E *vMK+eLS+;C
?de%:8T 5
P L>7:8+e+ J M'.eR+W ;$ e'; 5 7
G1
V 5 Y%R< 5 ;$>W 5%E ;$+e 5 :87b 5 W 5
x
C f[5 7`g$+W<M 5
L(G1 )
l eKKW 5E 5 W M.K+W 5E *"I 5 :G+W 5%E
:G>W 5%E
S M.K+W 5%E /% 5 $:8+W 5E
AB
5%E
AB 5E 5 :G+W 5%E
B
:G>W M.K+W {o
B L(G1 )
l eKKW 5E 5 W M.K+W 5E *"I 5 :G+W 5%E
:G>W 5%E
S M.K+W 5%E { 5 $:8+W 5E
AB
:G>W 5%E
AB M'K+W 5%E { 5 $:8+W 5E
aAbB
5%E
aAbB 5%E 5 $:8+W 5E
aaAbbB
:G>W M'K+W /
:G>W 5%E
aaAbbB M'K+W 5%E % 5 $:8+W 5E
aabbB
5%E
aabbB 5%E 5 $:8+W 5E
aabbcB
:G>W M'K+W %
5%E
aabbcB 5E 5 $:G>W 5E
aabbccB
:G>W M''>W Xo
aabbccB aabbcc L(G1 )
fZ5 ;p E J'M.W<+e%:8be 5 :U7^Y%R
|L(G1 )|V$ =5
VL 5 E ;$+t+eL;$+e; 5 ; 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$b1>_+ E
Y%R E T 5 M.K+; E E 7 5 ;RS E {d< ; +W
$ E +7a78K; E M'I1 7U E ;:UWie9 5 :8T 5
7UeL;$(Y%Re%: 5iE ;$ E v*C
4 ;RW<; E MKI1 78 E 'e%:G>7GW<>;'7GK E J MKI1 78Y%R E

+7U; E :G] E U9>7
5 e%:G]+W:8+78W)'e E ]}U9Wi;;$}RWi 5 7GWi 5 ;$ E >7
E +e%:8+e+'M{C m RWi+;+K
W<>;$Ke%:80M''>S+T 5 ;$3RW<,HeK+7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 V
5 :GK;iL7G:G'7 ;# 5 78W< E >e:8+e+'M

5
;$'_+>W 5%E Y%R ;$+78.1;$'78:8W<+e%:G V RY%R ];$+78'1I;;$'7G+:8W)>e%:G#;$ V 5 YR
5 ;$ E +7 5 $:GK;W<N;$'e%:GM''>S+T 5 ;$#RWeX H W<+7 5

;$>e 5 :UW 5E 5 7 C m
e.: 5

;(7 5 ;$RS E V;$._>+W 5E Y%R ;$+78.1 b;$+e 5 :8W 5%E C

465 W 5 iM'.eR+W Vt;$ eK;<t+MKi7UWi:8'>)M.'1 7Gb;$b 5 e%:G+g : 5
V(] 5 5 ev*Re%: 5
L(G)
;$-: 5 ; E E MKI1 78 E 5 78Wi; E L>e E
G =;$ h, ,YRS,
5 7}+M'+W<+e%: 5E
P i
5 ;+W E +7<;$+78.1; E 7:8.7<; 5-EG W3 5 M 5 'e'+'M Vk E8E5 >Y%R'1M'z;$'_+>7)Y%R

S L(G) =
C
{x | S x}
2.3 Forma de Backus-Naur

j 5 78W<;$ n U R E pr= R7d n =jky]dRW< 5 R$:878aWie+'78`; E 6;$ e.7M.'eRL>e E M'.1 78 E ;$
5 e%:Gg : 5 CB?dMK ] E +W<+M'9e:86RWi78W<:GK+`M''1%786;6 5 e%:Gg : 5 VWi E L>7GW<.:GaY%R 5 M'; 5
;$'7G>H: 5 ; E 7 5 ;RS E 5%EGE RM.Re Ek5 L>78; 5 78 E C? E8E Ed5 L>78; 5 78 EkE +7UT 5 7G E >e%:8; 5E
E >R'7NC

( | )
u^W ; 5E >M.>W<+e%: 5%E I
+e%:87Gz7 +e%:G E E

5 R

5 ;$ E +70R$:G'M'._N; 5 eL
M''>S+T 5 ;07 5 ;$RS>T 5 C
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2">/
!)o
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
">/
fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V E J:8.1] E8E >W 5%E 07 5 ;$RS>T 5
S a(b | c | d)e
5 ;+7 W 5%E :G+7 E ;$>7G'1S E
S abe
S ace
S ade
5 Y%R E 'e >0Y%Rb)M'.eR+W +7U;0] C
{abe, ace, ade}
^Wi#JA 4 >Y%R'1M'+e%:G) E8E n =j E >7GK
S abe
S ace
S ade
k*vW 5%E`5 R:G7 5 +g >W<M 5
S (c(aSa | bSb)c | )
>78)+;$+K E ; 5 :8. 5
S caSac cacaSacac cacacbSbcacac cacacbbcacac

=^ EGE b+ E5 V iJA 4 NYR.1M'+e%:8 E +78K
S
S caSac
S cbSbc
<6 t
uY%R E :8.1+7a+e%:87G 5E 5 M'U9:G E 5 ;$ E +7aR$:G'M'._N; 5)5 ReT 5 e)M'K+S>T 5 ;
[]
7 5 ;$RS>T 5 C
S a[bcd]e
5 ;+7 W 5%E :G+7 E ;$>7G'1S E
S ae
S abcde
5 Y%R E 'e >0Y%Rb)M'.eR+W +7U;0] C
{ae, abcde}
k*vW 5%E`5 R:G7 5 +g >W<M 5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2"+,
!)
i i
"+ àà(BZ)*àd*<a
S a[(A | B)c]d
A a[a]
B [b]
>78) E >;$>' E
S ad
S aAcd aacd
S aAcd aaacd
S aBcd abcd
S aBcd acd
5 R E vVP>78#M.'eR+W C W<JA 4 NY%R.1M.>e:80 E8E
E >7GK
{ad, aacd, aaacd, abcd, acd}
n =j
S ad
S aAcd
S aBcd
A aa
A a
B b
B
= 5 :G.e;YR^RWiJ7 5 ;RS+T 5 ; 5 :G' 5
[]
] E >W<7G>Y%R'1IM.>e%:G J 7 5 ;$RS+T 5
C
( | )
%@ t {3t =
() E
,
u I
YR E :G'1>7b+e%:87G#L7 +e%:G E i 5 ;$ E +70R E ; 5 R We W<+7 5 Y%RMKY%R+7);$ XH
1+_> eL`M''>S>T 5 ;a7 5 ;$RS>T 5 d 5 ;$d
:UW3t]+WeT 5Ê >7R E ; 5 7G>
L+:GK; 5 e>e9 RWi
1+_I C
S a(b) c
:G>7 W 5%E 5 W 5 7G E RMH:U; 5 )M.'eRL>W
VtVPVPVBC'C'C4%C
465 W 5 Y%RMKY%R+7 5 R$:G7U n = jFV 5 ;$>W 5E >e 5 e:8787aRWi#JA 4 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8V$ 5 W 5 V
5 7`g$>W)M 5
S aZc
Z bZ
Z
465 W 5<5 R$:87 5 +g >W<M 5 V$ 5 ;$>W 5E :G>7 n =jF
S a(b | c) d
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2"No
!)%q
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
"No
Y%Rb+7U): 5 ; E E >;$>' E Y%Rb'eKKW 5 W

a
V:G>7GW<'eW 5 W
d
I
b: +W+e%:G78b E :G E^5

5 R}Y%RMKY%R+7^>;$>'3 5 78Wi;) 5 7 C
b c
%@ t {3t =
E E
+ uQY%R :G'1>7i+e%:G78}7 +e%:8
()
5 ;$ I E +7iR E ; 5 RWi 5 RQWi E 1>_+ E e
M''>S+T 5 ;07 5 ;$RS>T 5 CZ 7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ](NY%R.1M.>e:8b C
()+ ()
E >R'7>V R$:8.M''_>78+W 5%E n =j780;$ e.7^3e 5E8E 3M.'eR+W C m >783 +:GR;
X ++
RWi};$ E 78KS+T 5 ;$iYRL E(E T 5 E E :87GR$:8R7U E ;zM.'eRL>W7G>78 E +e%:8; E +W >;zRWi
; E 7 5 ;$RLS E C
2.4 BNF para a linguagem X ++

= 5%EGE -M.'eRL>W]} 5 e E :G78R ; E5 7GRWiM.t: 5 Y%R 5%EGE R EG W0 5 M 5%E YRz 5 ;$+W
E +7 5 e$ Re;$K; 5E 5 W 5%E W<:U E8E W3 5 M 5E R$:G'M.'_>; 5E 5 W 55 t+7U; 5 7G E eie 5 :8S+T 5 n = j6V
5 W 5 V$ 5 7`g$>W)M 5 V C fZ5 7` E8E5 V$1IW 5E ; 5 :87` E +R'e:8 5 e 1+eS>T 5
[ ]
hsymboli
78+7G E >e:U 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
symbol
m

EG W3 5 M 5E :G>7GW<'e EÈ T 5 7G>7G E >e%:8; 5E 5 W E W3 5 MH m
W<+:8 E8EG W0 5 M 5%E ;)e 5 :US+T 5 n = j E T 5 7G>7G E >e%:8; 5E 7U; 5E 5 W C
[]
l eKK78+W 5E ; eKS+T 5 L>M 50E W3 5 M 5 .e'+'ML; n =jFV Y%R`7G>78 E +e%:8J E :87GR$:8R7U;$
RW7 5 7UWib E +7G.: 5 +W ++ C
X
hprogrami [ hclasslisti ]
? E8E <eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM[.e;'>zY%R)RW 7 5 78Wi<+W ]i 5 W< 5%E : 5 ;$)RWiM. E :8;$
MK E8E E^5 R E b:G7U:U;$)RWi>;$>'1_+KCJ E8E .W}V 5
X ++
e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NVt 5 :8+e%:87( 5 W)p
'M'7`RW7 5 78Wi378Wi_>+e; 5 e RW7UYR.1 5 Y%RJ E :Gv)1I_+ 5 V$1B>H:UprM 5 5 W 5 RW
7 5 78W<31M''; 5 V 5 W 5<5 5 7G78 5 W0Wi 5 7GK0; 5E 5 W<.MK; 5 78 E C
hclasslisti ( hclassdecli )+
5 R
hclasslisti hclassdecli [ hclasslisti ]

eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 78+78 E +e%:8 RWiJ78+t:GKS+T 5 ;$^;$>+M'78S E ;$^+M' EGE E V 5 W 5
classlist
e RW\7 5 78W<a>W\I1VY%RF E K+W<>e:8d]a 5 W< 5E : 5 ;6RWi E NY=kI+e+';$F;>MK7US E
;$b+M' EGE E 5 W 5
`&h=îXi^ZXZXZXZ
`&h=îXigZXZXZXZ
ZXZXZ=Z
`&h=îXi`ZXZXZXZ
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2">
!)
i i
"> àà(BZ)*àd*<a
j 5 78WR$:8.M'._N; 5%E ; 5 E E :G'M 5%E ;$. +78+e%:G E 7U;$ e'7p E VWi E W3 5E +7UW
E W< E Wi E +;+K E CZ7G'W<+'7 5 E :8.M 5 R$:G'M.'_>
classlist
5(5 L>78; 5 7k;$7G>L+:GKS+T 5 5bE +Re; 5 V
5 787G 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM 7GNR7 E .1W<>e:8`7U
( )+
5 :G+7Gp E ` EGE J7G>L+:GKS+T 5 CZe 5E8E
classlist
n =j,'7U3R$:8.M''_>7 5 780RW E :8.M 5 V 5 78 5 R$:87 5 V%L7U0Y%R 5 M.>H: 5 7a 5%EGE )I1IM.K7aY%R EaE T 5 E
'W)M.K+S E VY%ReL; 5 5 78W 5E 'W<M.>W<+e%:87 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 VL; E bR:G'M.'_>7^RW 5 R
5 R:G7 5 E :8.M 5 C
465 e%:G'e ReL; 5 5 W07GIg$'W<07 5 ;$RS+T 5 V
hclassdecli class00 ident00 [ extends00 ident00 ] hclassbodyi

? E8E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 7G>7G E >e%:8;>MK7US>T 5 ;$RWiMK E8E C2?@M.'e;$K+
Y%R):8Mk E :G78R$:GR7U
classdecl zM'I1 7U#78
E <'eKK 5 W E +781I; = Y%R<1+W E >RK; 5 7JRW
K;$+e%:G >; 5 73 5 R$:G7 5 :G>7GW<'eM ^Y%R3.7U#;7e 5 W) J class
MK E8E E >e; 5 ;$NMK7U;CF + 5 E ; 5
e 5 W)b;)+M' EGE V 5 ;$ 5 ReLT 5 7GN>7a<LMKI1%7U 5 e 5 W)b; E Rt+7UMK E8E (;
Y%RMB<+M' EGE E >e; 5 ;$>+M'78;3; E +eL;$C m >7GKW+;+K E ; 5
extends :G' 5
`&h=îXi^Z=ZXZ
5 R
`&h=îXi^_ S_[aigZXZ=Z

\eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 78+7G E >e:U 5 5 78 5 ;<;$NMK7US+T 5 ;<+M' EGE
classbody
hclassbodyi {00 [ hclasslisti ] ( hvardecli ;00 )

( hconstructdecli ) ( hmethoddecli ) }00
?dM' E k.eKK` 5 WRW
;$NMK7U; 5

e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8C
Y%R^ 5 t+ 5 eM'W<+e%:GIt1>W E +R'; 5 5 7BRW eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
l E8E5E 'e +,Y%R&e 5E8E M'.eR+WL>7GW<.:G&,;>MK7US>T 5
classlist
V
;$MK E8E E e'e9; E Vk 5 W 5 5 e%:G>+ieM''eR>W%I1C + 5 E V E +R+W)p E E ;$+p

MK7US E ;$<1I7GKI1> E Vy 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E <W<]: 5 ; 5%E VyW<N;$'e%:Gi7G>L+:GKS+T 5 5E8E .1+M'W)>e%:G
e>e9 RWi-1+_I3; 5%E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e E V Vd:8+78W<.ee; 5
5 W RW %C}= 5 :8Y%R#e 5%EGE }M.'eR+W
vardecl constructdecl methoddecl
+g$.Y%R E ;$>+M'78S EE *vW >H:U E +g:8p
W<+e%:G3e E8E 5 78;+W}C` R E *vVL+M' EGE E e'e9; E V;$+ 5 E 17GKI1> E ;i+M' EGE Vt;$+ 5 E^5%E
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E V eM.W<+e%:8V 5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E C
^Wi;>MK7US>T 5 ;$d17GKI1> E V+78+78 E +e%:U;Ft+M 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM VI] E >W<+M'9e%:G

J ;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178KI1+ E +W%I1C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5
vardecl
b[7S^ 5 R
iSXdb[7^3g 5 R
f S T_^ gV
D >W 5E +e%:UT 5
hvardecli ( int00 | string 00 | ident00 ) ident00 ( [00 ]00 )

( ,00 ident00 ( [00 ]00 ) )
G r VM) r r 6*3 t 3 K f or while | r r3*r 3 % r r r r 3
r r*t * /33 *r r 3 tre r r 3class
*3* t r K3 r r r *r

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2"Iq-
!)
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
"Iq
? E8E <7 5 ;$RS>T 5 >78)+;$+K E Y%Rb 5 W<>S>W 5 W 5 :8. 5 ;)178KI1+MB E +7;>MK7U;V

Y%Rb 5 ;$ E +7 V V 5 RRW K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7Y%Rb] 5 e 5 W<3;$3RWiMK E8E b;$>+M'78;
e 5 7878 5
int string
7 5 7UWiC?dW E +R';V 1 +W I 5%E e 5 W< E ; E 178KI1+ EdE +e; 5 ;$NMK7U; E V%Y%R
5 ;+W E +7 E +RK; 5E(5 ReT 5 5 7b 5 MKU9:8 E Y%R<.eL;$'>W;.W<+e E T 5 ;<>;178KI1+MXC
= 5 :G(YR 5
m e 5 eMt;3M. E :8b;$ 178'I1+ E eT 5 5 t.e+M.R ; 5 e E :837 5 ;$RLS+T 5 VWi E V E 'W}V
e)7 5 ;$RS+T 5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM V$L E +;)78KS+T 5 ;$RW C
classbody vardecl
Wie+'78 E +W<+M'9e:8V :8+W 5E E ;$>+M'78S E ;$b 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E JW<]: 5 ; 5E
hconstructdecli constructor 00 hmethodbodyi

hmethoddecli ( int00 | string 00 | ident00 ) ( [00 ]00 )
ident00 hmethodbodyi
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$iRW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7J 5 W<>S>} 5 WMKI1 78 C^W 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7
eT 5 :G>W:8. 5 ;$-7G+: 5 7Ge 5,5 RRW e 5 W<C E8E 'W}V;$+ 5 E
constructor
; V'eKKp E 5
5 7G 5 ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V7G>7G E >e%:8; 5 L>M 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM
constructor
Ck30;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$
RWW<]: 5 ; 5 'eKKp E i 5 W 5 :8. 5 ;$i78: 5 78e 5 ; 5 W<]: 5
methodbody
; 5 VZYRi 5 ;$ 5 ReT 5 :G>7b178' E
;$'W<+e EG E V E >RK; 5 L>M 5 e 5 W<b; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 t+M 5<E +R 5 78 5 C
5 7G 5 ;$RW W<]: 5 ; 5 ];.1 K;$'; 5 +W;$R E 7:8 E Vk 5 e 5 78W)iW 5%E :878 E +R'e:8
7 5 ;$RS+T 5
hmethodbodyi (00 hparamlisti )00 hstatementi
78'W)>.7U}7:8#]M' E :8&;$#78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V[78+7G E >e:U;t+M 5

eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM CZ E +Re;)7:8 E T 5<5%E 5 Wie; 5E Y%R 5 W< +W 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C
paramlist
hparamlisti [ ( int00 | string 00 | ident00 ) ident00 ( [00 ]00 )

( ,00 ( int00 | string 00 | ident00 ) ident00
( [00 ]00 ) ]
? E8E `M' E :U^;$d78W<:G7 5E V+Y%Rd] 5 P 5 eM{VIY%Re; 5 7G E >e%:Gk]k 5 7GWi;a 5 7 E NY =kI+e+' E
;$;$>+M'78S E I
Y%R: >W 5 :G' 5 ; 5 L7UW<:87 5 5 e 5 W);17GKI1>M@ E8E5 +';>M.V
E +78; E 5 7<1 78RMK E C fZ5 7i+g$+W<M 5 V6 E<E >R'e%:G E >;$>' E 5 ;$+W E >7<+7U; E 5 7

paramlist
5 b [7S^ R
b[7SîSXdb[7g 5 R
iSXdb[7gK Ob[7S^p X= T_`
E >ReL;L7G:Ga; 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]aRW C l EGEG5(E 'e +(Y%Ra E8E 7G:G
]0 5 W< 5E :8;0RW He' 5 5 Wie; 5 V 5
statement
Y%R) 5 ;$)78>++7 E :G7Ue9 5 C = 1+7U;;$Vt 5 W 5
1>7G>W 5E e<;$ e'S>T 5 ; 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM E +R'7>V RWii 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; 5 :8. 5
statement

`\f:^[a7\ }=
`\f:^[a7\ ~
Z=ZXZ
`\f:^[a7\[

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2">
!0/
i i
"> àà(BZ)*àd*<a
]JRW 5 WieL; 5 5 W< 5E : 5 J 5 ;$ E +7`+7U; 5 <7G:G'7`; 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM C
statement
hstatementi (
hvardecli ;00 |
hatribstati ;00 |
hprintstati ;00 |
hreadstati ;00 |
hreturnstati ;00 |
hsuperstati ;00 |
hif stati |
hf orstati |
{00 hstatlisti }00 |
break 00 ;00 |
;00
)
? E8E deLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM+7U 5EyE +R.e%:G E :G' 5E ;$6+;+K E V>Y%Rd 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W` 5 Wie; 5%E
;)e 5%EGE 3M''eR>WbY%R E >78T 5 ;$ eK; 5E E +R.7N

;>MK7US>T 5 ;$178'I1+ E M 5 + E m

5 WieL; 5 ;$b:87G'RKS+T 5 m

5 WieL; 5 ;$.W<78 E8E T 5 m

5 WieL; 5 ;$M.>H:8R7U m

5 WieL; 5 ;$J:G]>7GW<'e 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 78: 5 7Ge 5 ;$1M 5 7'm

5 WieL; 5 ;$ E >M.NS+T 5 m

5 WieL; 5 ;$7G>L+:GKS+T 5 m

5 WieL; 5 ;$.e%:8+787GRPS+T 5 ;(MKS 5 m
5 WieL; 5 1I_+ 5 C

eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 ; eK; 5 e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8z78;$NMK7US>T 5 ;1I7GKI1> E ;$
MK E8E C E 7G>W
vardecl
5%E E8E W< E W 5 :G>7GW<'eM7U,;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$17GKI1> E M 5 > E VF 5 E
E .e%:8:GK+W)>e%:Gk E8E E ;$RL E 5 e E :G78RS EBE T 5 'R E CBk*vW 5Ey5%EB5 R:G7 5E 5 Wie; 5E 1M'K; 5E
hatribstati hlvaluei =00 ( hexpressioni | halocexpressioni )
? E8E ])#; eKS+T 5 ;$0RW 5 Wie; 5 I

;$0:G78.R'S>T 5 VPY%Rb:8+WRWi7G+ +7 +e+'#RWi
5E 'S>T 5 ;$W<+W<78K 78+78 E +e%:U;t+M 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM V E +R'; 5 7)RW V
I
;$> 5 E VkRWi+g 7G EGE T 55 R,RWi78 +7 +eLKRWe 5 1 55 v*: 5 VZR$:G'M.'_>e; 5-5&5 t+7U; 5 7
lvalue =
C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5
^ 5R
new
^ } g`@Z3a
^ } Z)g[_Y X= T_ '
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

2">
!0/"
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
">
hprintstati print00 hexpressioni
? E8E beLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMy+7Ui E >;$>' E Y%R78+78 E +e%:8W 5 Wie; 5E ;$b'W<78 E8E T 5 C@?@M' E
I
5 e%: +W0LMKI1%7Ub78 E +781;
print
V E >RK;<;$JRWi)g$78 E8E T 5 Y%RMKY%R+7NC fZ5 7ag$+W<M 5
T7d:b'[7S }~X
T7d:b'[7S^
T7d:b'[7S^ } Z)g `|Z3a3_&
hreadstati read00 hlvaluei
? E8E 7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 5 7878 E 5 e;$d 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$6M.>H:8R7U C[?dM'@] E >W)>M.9Le%:GF 5 V
Wi E E >Re;i7G:Gb;i7 5 ;RS+T 5
lvalue
read
I
F78+7G E >e:U)RWii7G+ +7 +e+'iiRW<# 5%E KS+T 5
print
;$W<+W<78'VZ7UY%R 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$M'+.:GR78S+ E >e%:GK; 5 C,=T 5 5 ;$+W 5E R$:8.M'._N7 5
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM V 5 E Y%R>7G>W 5%E YRJ EaE >R'e%:G E >;$>' E 5E8E W E +7a>78; E
expression
5 7` E8E 07 5 ;$RS>T 5
d_X^&a^
d_X^gÔZ)g
d_X^&aÔZ)gK` ~
Wi E eT 5 YR+78+W 5E >787
d_X^&a^g
d_X^&a }~X
hreturnstati return00 [ hexpressioni ]
f 7 5 ;R_&+;$+K E 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G E 5%E 5 Wie; 5E ;$7G+: 5 7Ge 5 ;$&RWiU9Wi;;$
W<]: 5 ; 5 C3g$78 E8E T 5 Y%R E >R)LMKI1%7U ] 5 P 5 eLMXVy 5 E Vy+W0 5 78#: 5 ; 5E(5%E
return
W<]: 5 ; 5E :G+e9W Y%R E >7(;$NMK7U; 5%E 5 W 5 78: 5 7GeLe; 5 M'RW 1M 5 7 5 R 5 $v*: 5 1*v 5
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM V@ E8E5 eT 5E M.K+ 5%E 5 e E :87GR$: 5 78 E 1*v
methoddecl constructdecl
Y%RJeT 5 78: 5 78eW e;Ck EGE .W}V 5 WieL; 5E ; 5 :8. 5
d_&S&7d=[
d_&S&7d=[^gVZ`
E T 5 R E ; 5E ;$+e%:G7 5 ; 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E 5 5 Wie; 5 d_S=7d=[ E +W+g 7G EGE T 5 ;$78: 5 7Ge 5 ]
R$:8.M'._N; 5 e 5%E 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E C
= 5%E 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E 5 ;$ E >7 R$:8.M''_>; 5 :8W3t]+W 5 5 Wie; 5 L7UU9W<;#; 5

super
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a; E Rt+7UMK E8E C m R E 'e%:8g J]
hsuperstati super 00 (00 harglisti )00
] 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMyY%R+7U 5%E 5 Wie; 5 ;$ E >M.NS+T 5 C 465 W 5 e)W< 5 7GK); E

if stat
M'.eR+e E V 5 ;$>W 5E :G>7 5 ReT 5 )7:8 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 C
else
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!0/%
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
hif stati if 00 (00 hexpressioni )00 hstatementi

[ else00 hstatementi ]
465 W 5 5 W<>e:UW 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GV 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 ;$6+7U7[ 5 Wie; 5E
5 W< 5%E : 5E 5 RM 5 5%E ;$ 5 W<e; 5%E C fZ5 7` E8E5 V E T 5
statement
1M.K; 5E W3 5Ea5%E 5 WieL; 5E
b ^
d_X^&ag
5 R
b ^gX`

d_X^&aa
T7d:b'[7Sa
d_&S&7d=[

_7hi_
d_&S&7d=[ }
H eK 5 5 Wie; 5 78+t:8H:8.1 5 eiM'.eR+W ] 5 V E +W<+M'9e:8b 5 +g E :G+e%:8
e)M'.eR+W%I1C m Ri;$ E +7GKS+T 5 ]
X ++ f or
hf orstati f or 00 (00 [ hatribstati ] ;00 [ hexpressioni ] ;00

[ hatribstati ] )00 hstatementi
?dM'@'e'+' 5 W `M'I1 7U

f or
V E +R';`;@RW+ d 5E :G7 I E >M.>W)>e%: 5E yRW\ 5 Wie; 5 ;
'e'+'M.'_>S+T 5 VNRWi^g$78 E8E T 5 ;$F 5 e%:87 5 M.d6RW\ 5 W<e; 5 ;@'e78+W<+e%: 5 VN: 5 ; 5%E5 t+ 5 e E
E +L7U; 5%E
m
5 7) C 78'W)>.7 5 5 HM.:G'W 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W
atribstats5
V^>eY%Re%: 5
5E >Re; 5 ]}RWi CQ 5 WieL; 5 :8+78W<.e 5 W RW 8X} 5 W 5 Wie; 5
expression
E
FYRJ;+1 +7`+g NR$:U; 5 C m T 5 5 Wie; 5%E 1IM.K; 5%E
statement
7\&d =
5 R
7\&d ^ d_X^=agK3^&
5 R
7\&d ^ ^g ^^ }

d_X^&a`|3^=
T7d:b'[7S`3^=

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,$"
!0//
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
$"
5 WieL; 5 5 ;$ E >7R E ; 5 e 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 78z.e%:8+787 5 W)t+7 E Rg$>+R$p

S+T 5 Ca?dM'b 5 ;$ eK; 5
break;$'7G+:8W)>e%:G3;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5
f or
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM CaA):8W3t]+W 5
;$ eK; 5<5 5 Wie; 5 e%RM 5 V$7G>7G E >e%:8; 5 5 7`RW 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RM'
statement
E5 _+'e9 5 5 W 5 +W
b ^ g

_7hi_
d_X^&ag
j[.eM.W<>e:8V 5 5 Wie; 5 5 W< 5%E : 5 V`;$ e'; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM V
statement5
'e'+'p E 0 5 W
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM
RW
bY%R)1>W E >RK; 5
V J:G>7GW<'e< 5 WRW
;0RWiM. E :Uz;0 5 Wie; 5%E Vt78+78 E +e%:8; 5
&+UC@ ]
t+M
statlist statlist
hstatlisti hstatementi [ hstatlisti ]

= 5 :G^Y%R eT 5 ]a>78; 5 5 7Z:8M$7 5 ;$RS>T 5 C l EGEG5E 'e > Y%RaRWM 5 5 ;$` 5 Wie; 5

1_> 5 5 W 5
b[7Sf f:_&S=Q\&a b[7S^

eT 5 ]J1M'K; 5 C fZ5 78]+W 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7@ 5 ;$R$:G'M'._N7

5 R

465 e%:G'e ReL; 5 5 W 5E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E Y%R.e;3MH:UW;$ e.7NV :G>W 5%E
hlvaluei ident00 ( [00 hexpressioni ]00 |

.00 ident00 [ (00 harglisti )00 ] )
I
? E8E FeT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM78+7G E >e:U`RWi 7G+ +7 +e+' ^RWi 5%E KS+T 5 ;$FW<+W<78'@ 5 R E ; 5
+W C D M6>;$>'}'eKKp E E +W<78 5 W RWK;$>e:8 +; 5 73Y%R#] 5
atribstat readstat
e 5 W)^;^RWiJ178'I1+M 5 RiRWW<]: 5 ; 5 CZ? EGE `K;$+e%:G >; 5 7d 5 ;$`1 '7 E +R'; 5 17GK E 1+_+ E
5 7dRW e;$Kê 5 + EG5 ;$ E ^ E :U7k78 +78'e; 5 m
RWi17GKI1>M$.e;g; RWi78 >7 >eKJ I
RW>W< 5 Ve 5 + E5 ;$ E Y%R>7G>7678 >7G>eK7@RW+W) 5 ; 5 $v*: 5 m 5 R#RW e 5 W< ;RW
W<]: 5 ; 5}E +RK; 5 5 7RWi}M. E :U};$#78RW<>e: 5E Vye 5 + E5 +WY%R E i E :U_+>e; 5 RWi
U9W<;);$RWW<]+: 5 ; 5 C fZ5 7`+g$+W<M 5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!0/
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a

d_X^=a^ 5 e%:G]+W E5 W)>e%:G)7G+ +7I+e+'<)RWi)1I7GKI1>M E 'W<M. E m

d_X^=a^ } )]RWi078 >7I>eK)0RW<<17GKI1>ML'e;$+g$;m

d_X^=aêZ)g ]JRWi<7G+ +7+I e+') 5 +W< 5 b ;017GKI1>M a m

d_X^=aêZ)gV } 0 ]RWi< 5 W3'eS>T 5 ; 5E ; 5 E :G' 5%E e%:G>7G 5 78 E m

d_X^=aêZ)g }~ Z`` ]`RWiJ 5 W3'eS+T 5 ; 5%E :G7I E :8. 5E Ck=^ E8E a> EG5 V a ]`RWiJ1I7GKI1>M
Y%R&7G+ +78+e+'RW 5 v*: 5 C 465 W E8E 5 $v*: 5 E :8W 5%E .e 1 5 >e; 5,5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V
L E8E e; 5 "Ii 5 W 5 78RW<+e%: 5 C`? E8E 0W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$+1b78: 5 7GeL7^RW 5 R$:G7 5#5 v*: 5
b
; 5
Y%RMB E :8W 5E 7G+ +78+e+'e; 5)5 +W< 5 C
c
= 5 :GY%R^R:G'M.'_>e; 5 E :8êT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM$e RW 5 WieL; 5 ;$:G78.R'S>T 5 5 ;$>7 W 5%E :G>7
êZ)g }~ } V 5 Y%R](.M'+%ML 5 E E :87 W 5E :G>e:Ue; 5 :87G'R'7F1IM 5 763RWi3U9W<;
;$JW<]: 5 ; 5 C m 'e%:8:8'>W<+e%:8( E8E5 V% 5 78]+W}V E +7U3t+78W<H:8'; 5 eL0e 5E8E 0M.'eR+W}C D My>7G7 5
E +7U0 5 e:U; 5 +W E E 5E :G>7G 5 78 E ;<eLM' E C
=^RW 5 Wie; 5 ;d:G78'RKS+T 5 5 ;$+W 5E :G+7RWi

alocexpression
I
Y%R@]kRWia7G+ +7 +e+'
)RWe 5 1 5)5 $v*+: 5<5 R}7878IC m R<;$ e'S>T 5 ]
halocexpressioni new 00 ( ident00 (00 harglisti )00 |

( int00 | string 00 | ident00 )
( [00 hexpressioni ]00 )+ )
? E8E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMP7 5 ;$R_Jg$78 E8E E ; 5 :8. 5
[_Y =X T_ } ^ g
[_YiS=d:b[7V } b)7
[_Y =X T_ } b
eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM ]^R$:G'M'._N; 5 ;.1+7 E E 1+_> E L7UJ7G>7G E >e%:87d E 5E8E 1> E
g$78 E8EG E Y%R 5 ;$>W
expression
E >7F 5 e E :G78R ; E ebM'.eR+W CZdW 5%E 1+7F 5 W 5)E T 5 E8E E
X ++
g$78 E8EG E C
hexpressioni hnumexpri
[ ( <00 | >00 | <=00 | >=00 | ==00 | ! =00 )
hnumexpri ]
E +g 7G EGEG E e0e 5E8E 07UWi:GK+ E T 5 ;$ eK; E +W;$.1+7 E5%E e 1> E (;$. +78+e%:G E C@
e 1>MWi E M.: 5 ]0 E :GVPY%R);$ e) 5 W 5 ])RWi#+g 7G EGE T 5 Y%R0 5%EGE R 5 t+7U; 5 7G E 7G>M'p
5 eL E C[?dMK0] 5 W< 5%E :U0;(RW< E RL+g$7G EGE T 5 Y%R 5 7878 E 5 e;$ 5 78'W)>.7 5
E +R';0 5 7`RW 5 L>78; 5 7F78+MK 5 eLMPJRWi E +Re; E RL+g$7G EGE T 5
numexpr
Y%R 5 7878 E 5 e;$J 5
E +Re; 5 C 4 ; E Rtg$78 E8E T 5 V 5 W 5 1>7G>W 5%E ;$Ke%:8V 5 ;$3 5 e%:G>7`:8W3t]+W
numexpr
5 R:G7U EaE RL+g 7G EGEG E 5 R$:87 5%EF5 t+7U; 5 7G E V% 5 7^g$>W)M 5 5 R C
+
E8E 'W}V78)i+;$+K l^g` atV :G>7 W 5E E +R.e%:8J;+78.1S>T 5

expression numexpr < numexpr a + b < numexpr a + b < c d
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,/
!0/%o
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
/
= 5 :GV[ 5 78]+W}VY%R# E +Re;7G:G#;z7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ] 5 P 5 eLMXC#^Wi 5 R$:878 5E8E 1>M

;$>7G'1S+T 5 )7:8.7^; E :GJeT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM E >7GK

expression numexpr a + b
5 Y%R E .e +aY%R ^g:UW3t]+W]kRWiag$78 E8E T 5 1IM.K;V>+7U;aF7G:G'7;$

expression
V
+W0 5 78aeLT 5 R$:8.M''_+ 5 L>78; 5 78 E 78+MK+ 5 e E Ce 1+M E >R'e%:Gd] 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM C
numexpr
hnumexpri htermi ( ( +00 | 00 ) htermi )
? E8E i7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ] E >W)>M.9Le%:G J e%:G+78 5 7NCF;$H >7G>eS+#]3Y%R3 E +Re;iL7G:GeT 5 ]

t+eL E5 t+ 5 eMXVWi E 5 ;$ E +737G>L+:GK;}RWe W)>7 5 eH: 5 =H ;$#1+_+ E C? EGE ;$. +78+eS>
E >'p E e 5 : 5 ;JY%RJY%R+78+W 5%E +7U7Fg$78 E8E E ; 5 :G' 5 ^g` aLV$Wi E eLT 5
+;$+K E ; 5 ^ g`$V[ 5 E V>W

:G' 5 +7UMXVB:UMd+g 7G EGE T 5 eT 5 _iW3RH: 5&E >e%:GK; 5 C
;$>7G'1S+T 5 L7Ul^g` a E +78'

expression numexpr term + term + term a + term + term a + b +

term a + b + c d
eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM E +R 5 W) E W 5 7U+ 5 e 5 L7U +g$7G EGEG E 5 W 5%EZ5 t+7U; 5 7G E
VL3 78 E : 5
term
;<;$'1% E T 5 C
htermi hunaryexpri ( ( 00 | /00 | %00 ) hunaryexpri )
^Wi)g$78 E8E T 5 Y%R 5 e%:G+e93RW 5 t+7U; 5 7FRe78 5 5 W 5 ^ } R$:8.M''_>< E +R'e:8

7 5 ;$RS+T 5
hunaryexpri [ ( +00 | 00 ) ] hf actori
`Y%R{V e 5 1W)>e%:GV%1>W 5E Y%R 5 ;$(>787@+;$+K E Y%R E 'eK'+W 5 W 5E

5 t+7U; 5 78 E 5 R
unaryexpr
E >RK; 5E 5 76RW<)+;$+K+7U;t+M 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM V ( 5 ;$
+
>787(:8W0L]>WY%R+MK E
>;$>' E >78; E 5 7 E +W 5E5 L>78; 5 78 E
f actor
5 W 5 78 g 5 C
fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V$7U "^ } :8+7 W 5E
f actor

expression numexpr term + term a + term a + unaryexpr

a + f actor a + 1
eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 78+7G E >e:UJ EkE RL+g$7G EGEG E Wi EkE .W<M' E Y%R` 5 ;$+W 5%E :G>7>V
:8 E 5 W 5
f actor I
5 e E :Ue%:G EF5 R}7G+ +7 +e+' E 017GKI1> E C
p p
hf actori ( int constant00 | string constant00 | null00 | hlvaluei |
(00 hexpressioni )00 )
E8E 'W}V E8E @eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM7 5 ;$R_F 5 e E :Ue%:G E 'e%:G>.7U E V 5 e E :Ue%:G EE :G78.eV 5 e E :8e%:G
I
VP78 >7 >eK E 178'I1+ E #U9W<; E ;$<W<]: 5 ; 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM ^V.eL;V
null
g$78 I
E8EG E +e%:G78`7 +e%:8 E E CB? E8E M.:G'W KH 5 + E5
lvalue
]èN E8E 78 5 7UJY%R^(e 5E8E (78W<:GK+
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,,
!0/
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
5E8E 0>787a>;$>' E 5 W 5 ^ g` Ck\;$+78'1IS+T 5)E +78'

expression numexpr term + term a + term a + unaryexpr a +

f actor a+(expression) a+(numexpr) a+(term+term) a+(b+term)
a + (b + c)
?^V eM.W<+e%:8V 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM[YR0;$>7G'1+;$+K E Y%R378+78 E +e%:UWM' E :U E ;$07GR$p

W<+e%: 5%E V$R E ; E +WU9Wi; E ;$W<]: 5 ; 5E V$]
harglisti [ hexpressioni ( ,00 hexpressioni ) ]
2.5 Grafos sintticos

k+78+W 5E 'e;V RWi 5 R:G7UWie>.7Ub;$(7G>78 E +e%:87dRWibM'.eR+W}V U9Wi;b;$ 7U 5
E .e%:8:GK 5 C ? E8E 7G>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 +.M'H:U1 E RM.'_>S+T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ;&+;$+K E<5 RQ 5 78W< E
E +e%:G>eK E YRJ>;)eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMP 5 ;(+7U7NC f 780 E8EG5 V$;$ ep E J78)+; E W3 5 M 5
eT 5 :G>7GW<'eMkRW7U 5 ;.78>+ 5 e; 5 5 W ; 5 E :G' 5%E ;)1]+7G:GK E 5%E YR E T 5 7 5 :GRMK; 5%E
5 W EG W0 5 M 5%E :G+78W<.eL E JY%R+M' E Y%R E T 5 7 5 :GRMK; 5E 5 W E W3 5 M 5E eT 5 :G+78W<.eL E C
4 ;RW ;$ E8E E 7U 5%E 5 787G E 5 e;) 5 MK; 5 ;$'78+.: 5 ;$iRWi7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 e RWi7Up
Wi:8'>be n = j6C$W<078 E :8b;RW ez 1]>7:8'+N@ 5 W78:8RM 5 78bRWe0 5 W7G:GRM 5
E RP+;$+K
A
'e;$K+<Y%R ]J7G:G;)7 5 ;$RS+T 5 ;$ E8E :G>7GW<'eMXV 5 R E *vV :8MB7G E :U
B
'e;$K+## 5 e>:8+eS+T 5
AB
;+;+K 5 W+;+K ei7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ;$ EGE beT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXC
D 5 ; 5 78 5 5%EGE RPRW He' 5 A
e)'e'+'M{V EG5 78 5
B
Y%RMPeT 5 'eK;$(e+e9%RW<)78 E :8V(RW
HeK 5 e eMB;$ 5 e;$Je>e9 RWi)7G E :U3L7G:GVW3 5E 7 5 :8RM'; 5E 5 W<+;$+K

C
E8E 'W}V E :8.1+78W 5E RWi)7 5 ;RS+T 5
A abc
:G>7G>W 5Ea5 7U 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
A

- - -

- ^ g `

= 5 :GJYR 5E e E 'eKKMP eLMPeT 50E T 5 78+78 E +e%:8; 5E e 5 ;$K78Wib; 5 78 5 C D 5 ; E
E 7G E :U E Y%ReT 5 5E8E R+WRWe#; 5 78.+W {;$ E :G'e 5 Fe 5 ;$'7UWi: +WI 5 ei.e'+'M
eM ^ 5 W 5#5 78'+W;$ E :8.e 5 C E e E 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G E E W3 5 M 5E eT 5 :G+78W<.eL EE T 5
78+78 E +e%:8; 5E e 5 ;$K78W<0 5 7`78:8eRM 5%E C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V$7U0 E 7 5 ;RS E
A aBc
B de
:G>W 5E
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o
!0/ q
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
o

- - n -

- ^ `

- -

- a _

f 7U E t+78W 5E Y%R EkE T 5 E 5 78Wi EkE +e%:G>eK E Y%R` 5 ;$>W E +7k+7U; E 5 7kRWeT 5 p
:G>7GW<'eMXVB;$>1+W 5%E t+7U 5 7G78+7: 5 ; 5%E 5%E +W<'e9 5%E Y%R)1T 5 ; 5 ez'eKKMd 5 e eMk; 5
7U 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G6 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM{C m F:G'1+78W 5E[5 t+7U; 5 78 E ;$ E >M.NS+T 5 e(7 5 ;$RS>T 5
; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMt:G+78+W 5%E >W<'e9 5E MH:8+78e:8.1 5E e 5 78 5 V +;3RW E8E e; 5 5 7aRWi
; E +;+K E Y%R E :8T 5 ;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5)5 L>78; 5 7`;$ E +M'>S>T 5 C fZ5 7`+g$+W<M 5 V
A B(a | b | c)B
B (de | )
:G>W 5E

- n

-
n

- ^ -

-

g

-

`

-

- -

a _

= 5 :G3Y%RRWe#7 5 :8RMK; 5 5 W 5 ;$ E +7 E >W)7GJ+1 .:8; 5 e 5 7U 5 V 5 W 50 _++W 5%E

e 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM C^ E8E < 5 7GWiV E t+W 5E :8W0L]>W 5 W 5 78+78 E +e%:U7`RWii7 5 ;$RS>T 5
B
Y%RJR$:G'M'._>b+;+K Ea5 P 5 eL E V 5 7`W<+ 5 ; 5<5 t+7U; 5 7 C fZ5 7`+g$+W<M 5 V$78
[]
A B[abc]B
B (de | )
:G>W 5E

n
- - n
-

- - -

^ g `

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!0/
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a

-

- -

a _

? 5%E@5 L>78; 5 78 E ;$(78+t:GKS+T 5 5 ;+W E +7@78+7G E >e:U; 5%E 5 7@W<> 5 ;$ MKS 5E e 5 7U 5 C
fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V
A B(a | b | c) B
B (de)+
5 ; E >7`7G>7G E >e%:8; 5 5 W 5

n
- - n
-

-

^

-

g

-

`

- -

- a _

k+78+W 5 +e%:8T 5 5 W 5 +78W<:GK+#;zM''eR>W Y%Ri;$ e.W 5%E eL E >S>T 5

e%:8+78 5 7F78+7G E >e:U;3 5 7`W<+ 5 ;RW78 5)E .e%:U:GK 5 C
X ++
9!
-
EGE M' E :
- +M'

L
MK E8E ;>M
- -
E8E M. E :
- MK

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,q-
!0/
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
q

L

- `&h&îXi ba7_[7S
E8E 5 ;$
- - MK
-

-
_ S_[7aci
-
ba7_[7S

L
'
-

- +M'
EGE M. E :
- 17U;$NM -

5 e E :G78R :U;$>+M
-

-

-

5 ;;$NM
- W<:89

&

-
b [7S
-
ba7_[7S
-

-
iSXd:b[X

- -

-

ba7_[7S

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!3%
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a

) &

- `\[:iSXd=`S\&d
5 ;$ 5 ;$
- W<+:G9 -

!#%$ &

- b[7S - baX_[7S
5 ;$ 5 ;$
- W<:89 -

-

i X
S :
d
b X
[

- -

- ba7_[7S

!#%$
- - 7UW<M' E :

- - E :U:G>W<+e%: -

9!
-

-

-
'b [7S ba7_[7S

-

iSXd:b[7

- -

-

ba7_[7S

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!3L"
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++

))
!#c
- 178;$NM -

-

- :G78. E :U:
-

- 7G'e%: E :8:
-

- 78>; E :8:
-

- 78:8R78e E :U:
-

- E Rt+7 E :U:
-

E :8:
- .

5 7 E :8:
-

- - E :8:GM' E : -

-

- 7g d_X^&

-

G

- M.1M.R
-
-
M 5 g$78 E8E 5 e
-

E8E 5 e
- g$78

9 cG
- T7db[7S
E8E 5 e
- g$78 -

)
- d_=^=a

- M'1M'R -

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!3
i i
/ àà(BZ)*àd*<a

*7 )
- d_S=7d=[

-

EGE 5 e
- +g$7G

9
)
- i=T_&d

- - 78M' E :
-

-

)
-
b
- - g$78 E8E 5 e
- - E :U:G>W<+e%: -

-
_7hi_
- E :U:8+W<+e%:

-

-

7\d
-

-

E :8: EGE 5 e
- :87G'
- +g$7G

- - E :U:G>W<+e%: -

E :8:
- :87G'

)*H
E :U:8+W<+e%:
- -
- E
:U:GM' E :

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/"
!3%/
i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
/"
55
-
baX_[7S
-

- - g$78
E8E 5 e
-

- -
ba7_[7S

- - 7GM. E
:
-

'8 9: G

- [_Y - ba7_[XS - - 7GM. E : -

-

-

b X
[ S

- - g$78 E8E 5 e -

-

i =
S :
d
b 7
[

- baX_[7S

8 9: G

e RW<g$7
- -

- > - e RW<g$7

- <

- >=

- <=

- ==

- !=

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!3
i i
/ àà(BZ)*àd*<a
7!#8 9:
:G>7GW
- -

-
:G>7GW

-

-

!
Re7Gg$7
- -

-
Re7Gg$7

-

-

W

-

7 89:
5 7
- :
-

-

-

-
b [7S:=`\[:iS^[7S -

-
iSXd:b[X:=`\[iS^[7S

-
[XchXh

- M'1M'R

- - +g 7G
EGE 5 e
-

i i
i i
i i
^`g= X~ = W 7W ~ X ~X U XT^&_ X X

i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
//

-
E8E 5 e
- g$78

2.6 Semntica da linguagem X ++

=T 5 :8+e%:87G>W 5%E YRL>M' 5 787@RWi3; eKS+T 5 5 7GWiMP; E >W<e%:GK+3;bM'.eR+W
X ++
5 E :8M E8E Re: 5 eT 5bE `7G E :87G'e 5%Ek5 $v*+:G'1 5%E ;$ E :G`M'.1 7 5 C fZ5 78]+W}V 5 M'+.: 5 7ZW<.M''7G'_>; 5
5 WM'RWi E M''eR>e E ;(7 5 7UWiS>T 5 ++7G:8W<>e:8 E +7U3>_V 5 7`W<+ 5 ; E 'e:Ug$
;$ eK;V[;$#K;$+e%:G >7 E :G78R$:8R78 E 5 e9>+'; E I
Y%R<: >W}W< E Wi E >Wie%:GK+e}e 5%EGE
M'.eR+W}C
^M'Re E 5 e%: 5E@EG5 7G( E +Wie%:GK+3;bM'.eR+W 5 7UW 5 78;; 5E eb+g M.K+S+T 5 ;
E R7UWi:GK+}e E >S>T 5 C LC R$:G7 5E 5 e: 5E YReT 5 5 7UW 5 7U;; 5E zY%Rze>+ E p
E H:UW ;$i E +M'7GN'W<+e%: 5E >78T 5 :878:8; 5E +W+ :8RM 5%E 5%E :8+78 5 7G E Vy 5 E /J W<>;$K;}Y%R
7 5 7GN;$.78W 5E eJ'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NVM'RWi E ;$>+ EG E ;$.W<M'+W<+ep
:8S+T 5
P
;$>1>78T 50E +7a +.:8 E 7U07G :8.7ag:8W<>e:8 E +Wie:8'>0Y%R E ;$ E *v<:87G'R'7 J
M'.eR+W}C` E8E 'W}VLi7G7GK<'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 ; 5 5 W<'MK; 5 7`.7Ui E t+M'97 E >W<e%:GK+
;)M'.eR+W}C
2.7 Um programa em X ++
7 5 7UWi E +R.7b]zRWg$+W<M 5 ;$ 5 W 5&E #R$:8.M'._NM'.eR+W ++ C?dM''W)p
X
M'+W<+e%:URWi&7G1 5 78<;#R E +.e7GK+RvU9I1i]#RWi&;:8CdW 5E 7G>1>W)>e%:G
g$M'K+7` 5 W 5 E8E J7 5 78W<b 5 B'W<M'+W<+e%:8; 5 C
\MK E8E ])MK E8E JY%RJ.W<M'+W<+e%:U)<7G1 5 78^'e78'CZ?dM') 5E8E RyRW HeK 5

bintree
5 e E :G78R$: 5 70Y%R7GN+tz 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5
data
C fZ5E8E Ra'e;:G7 I E
W<]: 5 ; 5E C78'W)>.7 5 ] 5 C? E8E W)]+: 5 ; 5&E +7U} 5 70 5 e 1>eS+T 5}5 5 e%: 5 ;$
+e%:878;<;$3Y%RMKY%R+77 5
int start() V
7UWi)+W 5 R E vV 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 7G'e'M{CF?dM' EG5 M''+H:Ui 5
R E R78 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiY%R;$'.:G 5
X ++
=H
e_>^:87G'MK E ;$(e W)>7 5%E 'e%:G>.7 5E Y%R(7G>7G E >e%:8W RW
;$KVdRW "I E
W zRW e 5 C 465 W E8E E .e%:G>.7 5E 78KW)p E 5 $v*: 5E ; 5 :G' 5
data
Y%R E T 5
'e E >7GK; 5%E e)781 5 7G`.e7GKb 5 7aW<+ 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ;$ E :80MK E8E Ck= 50 eMXV
5
insert bintree
W<]: 5 ; 5 ]bU9Wi; 5 L7U3'W)7G'W<.7î7G1 5 78 78K;C
treeprint
MK E8E
data
:8+W :87 I E 17GKI1> E YR 78+78 E +e%:UW RW;$KV RWW "I E (RWe 5 CZ 5 E
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G EE T 55%E 78 E 5 e E I1+ E L>M'+7GKS>T 5 ; 5%E5 $v*+: 5%E ;$ E8E MK E8E Cz= 5 :G+p E #Y%R
e>e9 RWi,1>7G +S+T 5 ] +.:8Y%Re%: 5 J 1M.K;;&;;:8Y%R& E :8 E +e; 5 78';C
W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$ E8E MK E8E 5 W<78J; 5 E@5 $v*+: 5E ; 5 :8. 5 ^]^R E ; 5 e 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5
compara
;MK E8E 7U>e 5 e%:G7U7 5 MK; 5 0;}781 5 78b>W
data Y%R<RW ;$+:G>7GW<'e; 5
insert
+M'+W<>e: 5 ;$+1
bintree
E +7`'e E +78'; 5 C
i i
i i
i i
^`g= X~ = W 7W ~ X ~X U XT^&_ X

i i
/ àà(BZ)*àd*<a
W X =XXXX=XXXX=XX===X&XX===X&XX===X&XX===X&XX===X
iXi_TXd\&Xd^f:^bfTh=_f:_[XS^f^&d=]\&d_a7_gXiX`^gb[d:b^
XX=XXXX=XXXX=XX===X&XX===X&XX===X&XX===X&XX===XX W
`&h=îXigb[7S=d_X_W aX_=b[_\[ a7 ^ &dX]\d_gb[ d:b^ W
`&h=îXia7^&S^WXWa7_=b[_f`h=îXi_^[b[XQ^&a7â7\S:bT\a7^S^ ab^"f_i^[\
b[7Sab^#f:_i^[\
`\[iSXd=:`S\&d ' WXW`\[:iSXd=XS\&d } i_fT^d f:_&S=d\i

^[\ } XX WXWb[:b=`7b^7hb 7^_f } W } W } X=
f:_i }
ab^ }

`\[iSXd=:`S\&d b'[7SaOb'[7SfKb'[7S^ W=W`\[:iSXd=XS\&d ~ ab^#fi_^[\`\f:\
WXWT^&df:_&SXd\i
abâ
f:_if
^[\^

b[7S`\fT^&d^ a7^&S^ WXW`\fT^dâ&îa7^Sî
WXWd_&S\&d&[^ f:_[\&d f^cb\&d b=^7h
b ^[\ Z6^[\ S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }
b ^[\ Z6^[\ S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }:
b f_i ZGf_i S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }
b f_i ZGf_i S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }:
b acb^ Z3acb^ S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }
b acb^ Z3acb^ S=Q_[d7_&S=7d=[ }:
d_&S&7d=[

WXWcb[^7h`&h&îXi_a7^S^
XW W]^&d:b&]_cb=i a7^`&h=îXi_gb[7SXd7_X_
a7^&S7^7_ e WXW`Q^&]_a7_`\fT^&d^X\
gb[XSXd_X_h&_==Se6db=Q7S WXWd_=7_&d[:`7b^T^&d^\ibhQ\i
`\[iSXd=:`S\&d aX^&S^

_ e
h=_=&S[XchXh
i i
i i
i i
^`g= X~ = W 7W ~ X ~X U XT^&_ X

i i
Ou
Z +(F "x)\B*<yV@ X ++
/o
d:b&Q7S[XhXh

b[7Sb[i_&dXS a7^&S^ W=W^=acb=`7b\[^f_7h=_f_[7S\[^&d=]\&d_

b[7S e
Z`\fT^&d7^ _
b S=Q_[

b h=_== S 3[XhXh
S=Q_[d_&S&7d=[h=_=&SZ b[:i_&dXS
h=_==S[_Ygb[7S=d_X_
d_&S=Xd=[ }

b S=Q_[

b d:b=QXS 3[=chXh
S=Q_[d_&S&7d=[d:b&Q7SZ b[i_&dXS
d:b=QXS[_Ygb'[7SXd_X_
d_&S=Xd=[ }

d_&S&7d=[

b[7SSXd7_X_T7d:b'[7S b[XS WXWbfT7dbf:_^!&dX]\d_

b[7Sb
b h=_=&S" [XhXh
S=Q_[bh=_&=SZ SXd7_X_T7d:b'[7S
7\&d b | b O bb }
T7d:b[XS
T7d:b'[7S_ Z3acb^= W _ Z%f:_i W 7_ Z6^[\ # [
b d:b&Q7S 3[XchXh
S=Q_[bd:b=Q7SZ S=d_X_T7db[7S

b[7SiS7^&dXS '

gb[XSXd_X_S
b[7SbaOfK^
a7^&S7^Y
T7d:b'[7S % $ b:bS_\acbêU
d_X^&aa
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!3%
i i
/ àà(BZ)*àd*<a
T7d:b'[7S %$ b:bS_\f_i|U
d_X^&af
T7d:b'[7S %$ b:bS_\^[\eU
d_X^&a^
Y[_Ya7^S^ aO"fV^
S[_Ygb'[7SXd_X_ Y
7\&d b | b } bb }

T7d:b[XS & $ b:bS7_\abêU
d_X^=aa
T7d:b[XS & $ b:bS7_\f:_i|U
d_X^=af
T7d:b[XS & $ b:bS7_\^[\eU
d_X^=a^
Y[_Ya7^&S7^ aO"fK^
b SZ b[i_&dXS Y X
S=Q_[T7d:b'[7S h=_f:_[7S\X^_ b=iS_ # [

bSZ S=d_X_T7db[7S
d_&S&7d=[

i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/%q-
!3%
i i
Captulo 3
Anlise Lxica
=^ E :8+ :8RM 5 1+78+W 5E 5 W 5 5 e E :G78R.7 5 eLM' E ; 5 73M']g$K 5 A07U-M''eR>W
++ C 465 W 5 1 'W 5E VJ:U78; 5 eM' E ; 5 7kM']g$K 5 ]Y%R>7U7@>e%:G7U; u)Y%RV>W+7UMXV

X
E :8<7GWi_>+e;0e%RW78Y%R'1 5 :G+g%: 5 e 5 78WiMtu#+W E W3 5 M 5E Y%RJS+W E +e%:GK; 5 7U<
;$ eKS+T 5 ;M'.eR+WiL7U 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:8' 5 C f 7UK;$>e:8 +78W 5E Y%R EE T 5
E8E EJE W3 5 M 5E VB E :U 5 M.9L78W 5%E e};$ e'S>T 5 ;M.'eRL>W u E R78W<:GK+ 5 R7U 5
E .e%:8:GK 5 u';+e%:G +7GW 5%E Y%R EiE T 55%EiE >R EiE W3 5 M 5E :8+78W<.e E C= 5 5 e%:G+g%: 5 ;
eLM' E M']g$K+V 5E :GRW<W 5E U9W<7a E8E EFEG W3 5 M 5E ;$J: 5 >e E C
= 5 :G&Y%R 5%EiE W3 5 M 5E eT 5 :G+78W<.eL E 5 W) +W 5 MHL+: 5EG5 78 5 Y%RMê 5%EGE
M'.eR+W]0;$ e';C fZ5 7 5 R$:87 5 MK; 5 V E8E bM.t: 5 eL;<Wi E ]bY%RbRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$
EG W0 5 M 5%E V 5 7d E8EG5 V 5 ;$ E +7@; eK; 5 5 W 5 RWiJM'.eR+W}V EG5 7GaRW 5 R$:87 5 MHL+: 5 C
= 5 > EG5 V E8E JM.t: 5iE >78)Y%RMKY%R+7`+78 :8+78 m 4 ll YR( 5E8E E +7^7GWi_>+e; 5 e RW
7UY%R'1 5 :Gg : 5 C
? E8E iM''eR>WV 5 78W<;)L>M 5%E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E V]V>W>78M{VL>WWi EÊ .W<M' E Y%R
M'.eR+W)pwM'1 5 ; 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7d 5 E eT 5 .eLM'R E :87GR$:8R7U E 5 W<M'g E 5 W 5 5 Wie; 5%E
e.e9L; 5 5 R3L78 E ; EG W0 5 M 5%E > E ; 5%E 5 W I
5 7 >e%:G E E V 5 M'U9+:G E5 R0U9I1 E C f[5 7Z E8E5 V
5 ;+W 5E R:G'M.'_>7dRW W 5 ;$>M 5 Wi EdE 'W)M. E 78(78+78 E +e%:87[:8 E M'.eR+e E V%U9Wi; E
;$M.'eR+e E 7G>RMK78 E C-= E :G}+ :8RM 5 '7G>W 5%E 78+1+7 5E 5 eL+.: 5%E0EG5 7GR$:GWi: 5%E
e.: 5%E 6g$78 E8E E 78+RM'7G E VNYR E T 5 ;R E 5 78Wi E ;@78+78 E +e%:87BM'.eR+e E 7G>RMK78 E C
3.1 Autmatos finitos

^WR$:8Wi: 53 eH: 5 ;$+:G>7GW<'e 'E :GK 5 jZ(a](RWW 5 ;$>M 5 7U);$ e'S>T 5 ;(M''eR>e E
78+RM'7G E 5 W< 5%E : 5 ;$b'e 5 >M.>W)>e%: 5E V 5 e;$
h, S, s0 , , F i

] 5 M.t: 5iE5 7G 5 Y%RMB)M'.eR+W]J; eK; m
S
]RW 5 ev*Re%: 5) eH: 5 eT 5 1_+ 5 ;$ E :8; 5E m
s0
] 5 E :U; 5 'e'+'M{V
s0 S
m

]b0 ReS>T 5 ;$J:878e E KS+T 5 ;( E :U; 5%E V
:SS
m
/%q
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!)o
i i
/ àà(BZ)*àd*<a
a
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
b
a
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
c
d
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
b
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' *()(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +(* )(')(' +* )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' *(*()(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +*+* )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
Aceita
c
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' *(*()(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* Controle )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +*+* )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' *(*()(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* de)(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +*+* )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
Finito No
'('()(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' *(*()(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' Estados +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +(*+(* )(')(' +*+* )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )(')(' )')'
Aceita
*(*(+(*+(* +(*+(* +(*+(* +(*+(* +(*+(* +(*+(* +(*+(* +*+*
j'R78)/C'" ui E T 5 ;$RWjZ 5 W 5 RWi)W<Y%R.eLC
] 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E :U; 5%E6 e E V C

F F S
^W jZ 5 ;$ E +7@.e%:G>7G7G+:8; 5 5 W 5 RWiWiY%R'e;$^78> 5 e9N>7d+;+K E UV 5 W 5

iW 5E :G7U;<e R78i/C."C`?dM'b7GN>L3 5 W 5 >e:878;<RWi#>;$>'i0;$._ E 3+MKiL>7:8+e+
5 ReT 5 lJ M'.eR+W ;$ E v;C f 7U_+>76 EGEG5 V% E8E WiY%R'eb 5E8E RtRW 5 e%:87 5 M. eH: 5
;$ E :U; 5%E 4 j[?6aRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E :8; 5E C6 4 j[? 5 M 5 + E >W<7G<WiY%R'e)+W
RW E :U; 5 t+7G:G+eL+e%:8< 5 5 ev*Re: 5 C0 ReS>T 5
S ;$'_i 5 W 5z5 jZ;$+10W0R;7J;
E :8; 5 V J W<>;$K;bY%R E M':878 E ;b>;$>';^+e%:G7U;J1IT 53E +e; 5
S
eM. E ; E C 5 eMt;
+;$+KV E8E5 ]V;$+ 5 E ;$êM' E 7RWiJ 5 7kRWiV: 5 ; E E M':878 E ;J+e%:G7U;`78>M.'_>7Z E
W3RL;eS> E ;$3 E :U; 5%E ;$:8+78W<.e; E V 5 jZ++.:8##>;$>'<u++e;$>e; 5#5 .eL;$'>; 5 7
E RL>7G 5 7 e 5 'e+Mu E 5 E :8; 5 >W YR3+M' E 0+e 5 e%:G7Uit+7G:G+eL< 5E RP 5 ev*Re%: 5 C
4 EG5 5 e%:8787G 5 V%)>;$>'0]J7Gv*+.:8;u#++e;+e; 5 0M.R_('e$ >7G 5 7`; 5
F
.e>MtutV 'e;$K+eL; 5
Y%RJeT 5 t+7G:G>e J M'.eR+W;$ eK;<t+M 5 jZ3C
dW 5E : 5 Wi7 5 W 5 +g >W<M 5`5 jZ

XH
g 78+78 E +e%:8FRWe W<+7 5 ;$>1+.WiM;$.1 E 1>M 5 7/ C
A
YRk7GN 5 e9>+ZaM''eR>W

x {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9} | V 5 eL;$ ]
A1 = h{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9}, {s0, s1 , s2 }, s0 , , {s0 }i
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!)o"
i i
Z +(F Ou -,"x ) X /.10+Z /
(s0 , 0) = s0 (s1 , 0) = s1 (s2 , 0) = s2

(s0 , 1) = s1 (s1 , 1) = s2 (s2 , 1) = s0
(s0 , 2) = s2 (s1 , 2) = s0 (s2 , 2) = s1
(s0 , 3) = s0 (s1 , 3) = s1 (s2 , 3) = s2
(s0 , 4) = s1 (s1 , 4) = s2 (s2 , 4) = s0
(s0 , 5) = s2 (s1 , 5) = s0 (s2 , 5) = s1
(s0 , 6) = s0 (s1 , 6) = s1 (s2 , 6) = s2
(s0 , 7) = s1 (s1 , 7) = s2 (s2 , 7) = s0
(s0 , 8) = s2 (s1 , 8) = s0 (s2 , 8) = s1
(s0 , 9) = s0 (s1 , 9) = s1 (s2 , 9) = s2
E8E 'W}V@ 5 7)g$+W<M 5 V6YRLe; 5 g$NR$:U; 5 5 W 5E :87G'e ">%oV 5 jZ :8+78' 5
E +R.e%:G 5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5
A1
? E :8; 5 5 7878+e%:G A:878)M''; f 7GIg$'W 5 E :U; 5

E :8; 5 .eKKM
s0 s0
"
s0
s1
s1 s2
o
s2 s1

s1 s0 F
465 W 55 jZ :G>7GW<'e E R-g$NRS>T 5 e 5 E :8; 5 Y%R}L>7:8+e+} 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$

E :8; 5Eb e E Vd+e%:UT 5 EGE >;$>'&L>7:8+e+ J M.'eRL>0W
s ;$ e';- 5 7
A1
C%L7U
+;$+Kiq"NV:8+7 W 5E
? E :8; 5 5 7878+e%:G A:878)M''; f 7GIg$'W 5 E :U; 5

E :8; 5 .eKKM q
s0
s1
s1
s1
s1 s1
"
s1 s2

s2 s1
/F
5 Y%RJ.e;'>)Y%RJ:UMB>;$>')eT 5 t+7G:G>e J M'.eR+W; eK;< 5 7

A1
C
^W jZ\ 5 ;$ E >7`7G>78 E +e%:8; 5 5 7^W<> 5 ;$RWi0:8L>M'i; :878e E 'S>T 5 ;$ E :8; 5E C
=^ EGE -:8L>M'g$ E :8RWiM.'e978>;- E :8; 5 RWi, 5 M'Re78+;M.+:G7U; 5
M.t: 5 ; >e:878;CZ(; 5%E65 E :8; 5 J0M.+:G7U V$ 5 M 5 +p E ê0 5E 'S>T 5 ;b:Ut+MK
5 1M 5 7`;$ C f[5 7`g$+W<M 5 V$L7U
s a
V$:G>7 W 5%E
sa (s, a) A1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
s0 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0
s1 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1
s2 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2
^Wi; E 1Ie%:8+e E ;$ E `R$:8.M'._N7kRW jZ78J;$ e'7dY%R EkE T 5J5E : 5 >e E E >7G>W
78> 5 e9NK; 5E L>M 5 Az]`Y%RF]F'M$'W)M.>W)>e%:87ZRWA E >; 5 e^:Ut+MKJ;$F:G7Ue E 'S>T 5
;$^ E :U; 5%E C D MLeM' E ; 5 7k;$+1^t+e E M'+7dRW<bM.+:G7U;J+e%:G7U;JVL E >; 5 e(:8L>M'V
_>+7zW3R;eS+;$< E :8; 5 C m 5 E :U; 5 +W Y%R 5 jZ E 0>e 5 e:8787 5 7JRW E :8; 5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!)o
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
eM{VZ>e:UT 5 &+;+KM.K;-:G]zY%R+M'# 5 e%: 5 ]#RW: 5 >e,1IM.K; 5 C&ê%:G E ;#:G7U:U78W 5E

;$bWi E ;:8M.9 EÊG5 78 E8E J:G' 5 ;bA,1*vW 5%E RWi 5 R$:878) 5 7GWi<;$b78+7G E >e:U7aRW
jZY%R] 5 ;$K78Wi3;$J:878e E KS+T 5 ;( E :U; 5%E C
? E8E ;'7UWi]iRW 78 5 ;$'78> 5 eL; 5 Rv 5E 1]+7G:GK E VB78+78 E +e%:U; 5%E 5 70 78+RM 5%E
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W 5E E :8; 5E ; 5 j[ <Rv E 7G E :U E 5 7878 E 5 e;$+W JE :G7Ue E KS E +e%:G78
E :8; 5E C fZ5 7ag$+W<M 5 VL3:878e E 'S>T 5 ]78+78 E +e%:U;3 5 7>
(s0 , 1) = s1
1
S0 S
1
= 5 + E5 +W Y%R0:G>W 5E ;$'1+7 E E :G7Ue E 'S E ;$ e'; E +e%:G78<; 5 E E :8; 5E Vt 5 ;$+W 5%E
78+78 E +e%:8pXMK E : 5 ; E 5 WRW< "He'> E :8V7 5 :GRM';< 5 W: 5 ; E E M.+:G7U E E8EG5 +'; E E KJ
:G7Ue E KS E C f[5 7`g$+W<M 5 V E J:G>W 5E V$78+78 E +e%:UW 5E
(s0 , 1) = (s0 , 4) = (s0 , 7) = s1
1,4,7
S0 S
1
j RW<b7G>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 E LNKML7U(.e;'>7 5 E :U; 5 'eKKMXCZO,RWi E +:8U9>e; 5

5 E :U; 5 V E +W e+e9 RW E :8; 5 ; 5 78.+W}C E E :8; 5E0 e E#E T 5 K;$+e%:G >; 5%E 5 7
7URM 5E ;$RM 5%E C6;$'7UWi07U 5 j[ ];; 5 e R7U</C
A1
0,3,6,9 0,3,6,9
1,4,7
S0 2,5,8 S
1
1,4,7 1,4,7
2,5,8 2,5,8
S2
0,3,6,9
j['R7U0/C bu '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U C

A1
f 7UzR:G'M.'_>7bRW jZ 5 W 5 A1W 5E 7G>W 5E M'RW< E LNYR+e E W 5 ; >S E
e 5 5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5 ;$ EGE E R:GWi: 5E CZ 7G'W<+'780]Y%R1W 5E t+78W).:G'7^Y%R0 ReS+T 5
;$0:G7Ue E KS+T 5zE vRWi ReS>T 5 7UKMXV 5 R E *vVPeT 5 ;$ e';78#: 5 ; 5%E5%E 5 e%: 5E ; 5
; 5 W e 5 C fZ5 7^g$+W<M 5 VL1W 5E : 5 Wi7 5 jZ Y%R3]b.RM VWi E 7U 5
Y%RM 5
S
1M 5 7;$ ]3'e;$ eK; 5 C D +7 W 5E V+e%:8T 5
A
V 2L7U< E8E 3 jZ
A5 1 ;$K78Wi);
R780/C /C[? E8E JR$:80Wi: 5
(s , 0) 78> 5 e9N`: 5 ; E E +;$+K E Y%R78+7G E >e:UWW nHMH:8.M 5E ;$J/
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

"
!)o/
i i
Z +(F Ou -,"x ) X /.10+Z "
3,6,9 0,3,6,9
1,4,7
S0 2,5,8 S
1
1,4,7 1,4,7
2,5,8 2,5,8
S2
0,3,6,9
j['R7U0/C /3u '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U C

A2
W<+e 5%E M'RW< E Y%R: +W I 5 ;$'.: 5 # 5 W 5 % CF 5 7 5 E8E 7F:8M+;$+KV 5 5 W) 5 7G:8p
W<+e%: 5 ;$ E >7GK
A2
? E :8; 5 5 7878+e%:G A:878)M''; f 7GIg$'W 5 E :U; 5
E :8; 5 .eKKM
s0
s2
s2
s0

s0
l EGEG5}E 'e >zY%R 5 jZ7Ue%:G E ;$iU9>7( 5 eLMk;}+;$+KC3= 5 e 5E8E5 A@V

5 jZ 7 5 E8E +;+Kz;$<>e:878;:G]<Y%R<eT 5 g$ E :UWWi E :G7Ue E KS E 5E8E 1> E V
+e%:UT 5 >M.^L7UC m 5 HMH:8.W 5 E :U; 5 +W Y%R 5 jZ E :UI1I3YRLe; 5 7 5 R) 5 7FRW E :8; 5
eM{V$>e%:8T 5 RW: 5 +e1M''; 5 5 BM''; 5 C 4 EG5 5 e%:G7U78 5 V%RW>7G7 5 M']g$K 5<5 5 7G78+RBC
D 5 Wi78+W 5E 5 W 5 +g$+W<M 5 RW AY%R6;+167GN 5 e9>++7[t+e E :G7 I E :G' 5E ;$@: 5 +e E
XH m
e W<+7 5E 'e%:G>.7 5E K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7G E V 5 78W<; 5E 5 7^M.+:G7U E ); .: 5E V E +W<78'e'+'; 5E 5 7
m
RWiM':G7U MKI1 78-7G E >7G1; btC fZ5 ;$>W 5%E 5 e E :87GR.7 5 j[
A3
W 5%E :878; 5 e
R78)/C C
k*v#Y%R 5 jZ; R7U</C # 5 e E5 W<J: 5 ; 5E^5E 7Ue 5E ( 5 W 5 E LS 5 V$:8BV+:8V
e 5 E :U; 5 "C[ + 5 E V%;$+t+eL;$+e; 5 ;$Y%RM]JM':G7U E +R.e%:GV>M.^;$ E 1 KJ7U 5E E :U; 5%E
$VP/ 5 R#78#7GN 5 e9>++7NV78 E LN :G'1W<+e%:8VtRWe W<+7 5 VPiMKI1 78 XH pb 5 R 5 e 5 W<);$
32
RW K;$+e%:G >; 5 7>C^?@M.0+e%:8T 5 5 e:8.e RVt 5 e E RW<'e; 5 M':878 E :8]0Y%R0e+e9 RWi#:G7Ue E 'S>T 5
g$ E :UC ReL; 5 E8E55 5 7G78VyRW : 5 +e& 5 dK;$>e:8 +; 5}E 5 E :8; 5 >W Y%Ri+M'<7 5 R
] eMXC^W+787 5 M.]+g$' 5 5 kU9; 5zE 5 E :8; 5 eLT 5 ] eM{C fZ5 7G:8e: 5 VP+;#1+_0Y%R 5
A]Jg$NR$:U; 5 V%RWe 5 1 5 : 5 +e](7GN 5 e9>+'; 5 CZO+g$:8W)>e%:GJ E8E 'WY%R 5 eM' E ; 5 7
E .e%:8:GK 5 R$:8.M'._N 5 AdCL\+;01+_Y%R 5 m eN E8E H:U);RW: 5 >eBV$+M'g$NR$:U 5 A
Y%ReM. E 0<>e:878;0(M'9J 5 7GeNJRW: 5 +ee 5 1 5 C
^Wi#; E +78 :G>7 KE :GK+ E ; 5 jZ ]0YR+M'.7U)7GN 5 e9>++7` 5 W 5 : 5 +e}<W< 5 7

A
M'I1 7U0Y%R>M.RL;$+7` 5 7GWi7^ 5 W E M'3:878 E ;<+e%:878;C fZ5 7`g$+W<M 5 V E J:G'1>7GW 5%E e
b }~X
+e%:878;
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

%
!)o
i i
% àà(BZ)*àd*<a
dgito
dgito
2
branco
i f
1 3 4
letra - {f}, dgito

letra - {i} letra, dgito
5
letra, dgito
j['R7U0/C 0u '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U C

A3
yb V$e
}~X
5 jZ'7U078: 5 78e7Fe E R)78.W<+'7U0+g$>RLS+T 5)5 ';+e%:G +; 5 7 E +Re;V 5 ';$>e%:G.p
V
>; 5 7 #Ve0:8+7U+'7UV 5 XH
e W<+7 5 C m )+e%:878;0 5 7
b }~=
)78.W<+'7U)U9LWi;)'78)78: 5 78e7`)MKI1 78078 E +781I; (b#V;$> 5 E V 5 XH
e W<+7 5 0 4&5 C6?
b }~=
E J)>e:878;0 5 7
:G>7G>W 5E 5 W 5 : 5 >ez78: 5 78e; 505 K;$+e%:G >; 5 7b }~X6 C
^W 5 R$:G7 5 5 e%: 5 'W< 5 7:Ue%:G; E8E 'W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 A]Y%RV>W 1 '7:8R;$(;$ E R

g$NRS>T 5 7U7kY%ReL; 5 e T 5
g$ E 8
: +WW< E :878e E 'S E VM.RWi E M'I1 7U E ;(+e%:G7U; eLT 5
78>+ E W E +7 E >7U; E 5 7J E S 5%E 78zY%R E *vW 5 7G78:UW<+e%:G07GN 5 e9>+'; E C f[5 7
}~X b } ~X
g$>W)M 5 V E (:G'1>7GW 5%E 0>e%:G7U;
yb }~X6
'7G>W 5%E^5 $:G>7 e78.W<+'7Uig$>+RS+T 5 ; 5 A 5 .e%:8+'7 5 "N/iVPe RWi E +Re;i+g$>RLS+T 5 V
5 ';+e%:G +; 5 7 C
f 7U 5 W<M':U78W 5%E5 e 5%EGEG5 AQ E N; 5 e RW jZ0V78>+ E W 5%E .e; EGEG5 K7J
+;e-YRLM 5 :G' 5 ;$i: 5 +e EGEG5 K; 5 >M.C fZ5 70g$+W<M 5 VZe 5 jZ V E L>W 5%E
Y%R E E Rg$>+RS+T 5 :8+78W<.ee 5 E :U; 5 $V6RW XH
e W<>7 5 5 `78> 5 e9>K; 5 m
A3E :G>7GW<'e
e 5%E E :8; 5E / 5 RoVRW';+e%:G +; 5 7J 5 d78> 5 e9NK; 5 m E ):8+78W)'e}e 5 E :U; 5 LVRW
5 k78> 5 e9>K; 5 Cb^M']+W ;$ E8E5 Vy7GN E W 5E(E L>7 Wi E M'RWi E 'e$ 5 7GWiS E(E5 7G)
M'I1 7UYR^ +_J 5 W YR:UML: 5 +ei 5%EGE ^78> 5 e9NK; 5 C f 78.eL'M'W<+e%:G(+W : 5 >e E 5 W 5
XH
K;$+e%:G >; 5 7G E <e W<+7 5E Vy78>+ E W 5E(E t+7bY%RM[ 5 dzLMKI1%7UY%R 5 7G''e 5 R 5 : 5 +e
5 7J+g >W<M 5 V E )+;$+K]"> 5 R"> CJ?78> E W 5E(E L>7(:8W0L]>W Y%RMk]<
M 5 >M'._NS>T 5 ; 5 : 5 +eBV 5 7kg$+W<M 5 V+W YRL E M.'e9J^ 5 M'ReJ; 5 7UY%R'1 5 ;$`+e%:G7U; EGE
M'I1 7U E )+eL 5 e%:878C? EGE z.e$ 5 7GWiS+T 5 "H$:G'Mk7UY%R
] 5 m 5%EGE 'e;$K+7û+W + EG5
;$>7G7 5 V 5 7`g$>W)M 5 u 5 5 e: 5<5 e;$ E :U<0LMKI1%7UC
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!)oo
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z /
E8E 'W}V78^ 5 e E :G78R'7RW AL E >; 5 e 5 jZ V;$+1+7 W 5%E 5 e E :G78R'7 E +R'e:8
:8L>M'V 5 eL;$7G>78 E +e%:8W 5%E t+e E E :878e E 'S E 13M''; E C6?dW
A YRLMKYR+7` E :8; 5 V E J 5 7
M'';)e)>e:878;bRW<)M':878)78)Y%RMPeT 5 +g E :80:G7Ue E KS+T 5 V% 5 e E K;$+7Up E ( 5 W 5 78Ig$.W 5
E :8; 5 RW1M 5 7[eT 5 g$ E :8+e%:GV 5 W 5 V 5 7Z+g >W<M 5 C[ HM.:G'WiJ 5 M'Re ; :8L>M' .eL;$'>
5 :G' 5 ; 5 : 5 +e} E8E5 K; 5 5 E :U; 5 C
? E :U; 5 A:G7UZ78Ig$.W 5 E :8; 5 D ' 5

" 78e 5 ."
;$'.: 5
;$'.: 5 X / M.+:G7Up
*
o
87
?@c^c^
= s?@c^
/ * M':878 o ;$.H: 5 o l ?@= D
M':878 o ;$'.: 5 o l j
o M':878 o ;$'.: 5 o l ?@= D
? 5 7 5 7UWibL7U3+g NR$:UprM 5<E +78')7GNK; 5 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWib/C'"C
F G&HI%J = HY K ;M=ML L G&NPO := H LQ;ARRSRR LT9<=Q::U;%>;%<:=Q:V= =?G&>H =A=A:= @C=XBEL%D W6;^Y K6Z >=MY GQK :=AY Z&[ =
\ ] ^ GZ LT``Pa > Y =SZ RHRALQ; O :;HYQ=SY = LQ;Y =cLQ;%:: ^
_ ] G LQ;QY Z =A[`cG D ZbHN HK ZbHN G JQH G&HKG
d ] ] Y JH=A`SY =Sf
D
e ] ^ ] =; Z?HN ZbHN
g ] G&H LQ;QY =A`SLQ;Y =Af
D
h ] ] JH RR ^ JH= ; L =Y
i j^P`
`mDll G RKRon[ =YQ=QZbHp:Z =MZ Y =
k Y ZbHN =QsA`SY ZbHQN = RRtY ZbHN =M; H[GZ&[ ^ GSZbHZ L Z =M; K ; jG&H
Frq LQ;Y JH =sAÀLQ;QY JH = RRSL%;Y JH =M; H[G ^ GAZbHZ L Z =A; K ; jG&H
FuF
Fr\ J ``Xnj :;%v >; ^ = ;wRRRUnR :x&Z?Hv Z >L ;Z =Y Z^ V=t= W; Y K=Z >; = G ^ KYQ==[ ;ty p Z =^ Z&LQK;%:= [ ;;MLQ;?>zL{
Fr_ j = ;Z GsK [ Z G K [ H K O6G [G [
F|d G&HI%J H^TK fÀj
L } RRSL%; H L%= KG&H =
LT~on6=YQ=QpQ:=
Fre ] Y =ML
Frg ] ^ GZ LT``Pa > Y = RRSYQon:x%v Z >=MY GQK := [ = G&HK := [ =
Fh ] G LQ;QY Z =A[`cG D ZbHN
Fri ] ] Y JH=A`SY =Sf
D
Frk ] ^ ] =; Z?HN ZbHN
\uq ] G&H LQ;QY =A`SLQ;Y =Af
D
\F ] ] ` JH JRoH W6Y >; ^ = ;Tp ^ = ;
\u\ ] J `Xnj :;&v >; ^ = R; K6Z G K [ Z Z&K [
\u_ ]^ = j YQ=/ BZ ; G K``[``PQRQ6Ro n:x&vRQZR >; G ^ K;t= [ ;^ y [=G =;tLQa;&: [ ;M=Y LQ;?>L{
\d GtK OG J jG&H RR := =b> Jt; H6 ::G;SKY%Q[v LQ; Z?H
\ue ]^ =; :Q:;T G v Z LQ; K K G&HK [GtG Z
\ug G&H B n;S` = Y%=/ Br;
\h ] K Bn6K6=Z YQ=QpQ:=AK `MO6G^ j j6G&H
\ui ] K BuY =A`tY =s
\uk ] K BLQ;ZbHY N =AÀZbLQH;NY =s
_uq : ] GQK ;%:K H6GSK JH JH RRT: ;%: =M; ; ; ;
_ F GQK H K j6GUH OK6ZU[
= E M'.e9 E " V%b:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 Y%R 5 e EG5 W< 5%E 7UeL 5E .eKK E ]^:G7U:U;;Wie>.7U
E t>KMXV 5 E 7GN E W 5%E6E t+7F+WYR(M''e90JY%RJ 5 M.Re3'eKKp E J0MKI1 78bY%R 5 7G.p
'e 5 R 5 : 5 +eBC[? E8E E 7Ue 5E 5 ;$+W}V%e1+7U;;$V E +7d1 E : 5E 5 W 5 Y%R>M. EdE +78; 5 78 E
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!)o
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
;$FMKI1 78 E Y%RFe 5%E 78 >7G'W 5E e 5 'e 5 ; 5 + :8RM 5 V+W\1+_F;$6M':878 E Y%Ra 5 W< +W E
M'I1 7U E C=T 5 5 ;$>W 5E V 5 78]+W}V'e 5 7U7Z: 5 ; 5%Ek5E 7Ue 5E Y%R78>++78+Web+e%:G7U;V
5 E M'Re E ;+M' E 5 ;+W_+>7`7G:G;$J: 5 >e E 5 W 5 e RWi< 5 e E :Ue%:G; 5 :8. 5#E :87G'eLC
E 178KI1+ E CA Vo C cA o;$>1>W E >7 'eKKM'._N; E e%:G E ;$ E 0R$:8.M''_>7Jt+MK
78.W<>.7U31+_ 5 AdC?dM' E 7G+:I>W E >R E 1M 5 78 E +e%:87GJ;$R E g$>+RS E ; 5 AdC= 5 'e 5 ;$
+;)g$>+RS+T 5 V E +R E 1M 5 78 E 5 787G E 5 e;+W J 78Ig 'Wi3M':878< E +7`R$:8.M'._N;C
=zM.'eR+W VBY%R<]) E :8e:8 E .W<M' E VP:G>W 5E e;W<+e 5E YR</ EG W0 5 M 5%E
X ++
:G>7GW<'e E YR@:8+78'WYR E +7Z7GN 5 e9>+'; 5E t+M 5 AdC R$:878 E M''eR>e E Wi E 5 W)M.+g$ E
5 ;+W:8+7`RWe W<+7 5 XH .e; E Rt+78 5 7>V 5 Y%R;$ RM.:8<L E :8e%:8(< 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; 5 j[
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:GC W<2; E Wie+'78 E ;$;$'W<.e R'7} E8E ;$ RMK;;-]R$:8.M'._Ne; 5 RW
R:GWi: 5< e.: 5 eT 5 ;:G>7GW<'e KE :8' 5 j[= ( Y%Rb]bRWW 5 ;$>M 5 M''+'7UW<+e%:Gb;H >7G>e:8
7807G>78 E +e%:87F<M'.eR+W; 5 AdC
^W jZ=\;$. +78 ;$(RW jZ >W 7G>M'S+T 5 5 : 5 ;$ :G+7`;$'1>7 EG5E E :8; 5E .eKK E
Y%RJ ReS+T 5 ;$^:878e E 'S>T 5 ;$ E :U; 5%E ] ; eK; 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E Rt 5 ev*Re: 5E
e.: 5%E ; V 5 R
: S
E vV% 5 ;$(g$ E :8.76W< E ;$ RWiJ:G7Ue E KS+T 50E .e; 5 ;$RW E :U; 5 7U
(S)
W< E WiM':878-; 5 M.t: 5 C fZ5 70+g >W<M 5 V 5 jZ= W 5E :G7U; 5 e R7U&/Co 5
jZ= ; 4 Y%R
R780/C 378> 5 e9>>W3W< E Wi0M.'eRL>W
A 5 j[ W 5E :G7U; 5 e
A
R78)/C 5C
A3
dgito
dgito
branco 2
i f
1 3 4
letra
5
letra, dgito
j['R7U0/C obu '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U C

A4
2 ReL; 5 g$NR$:U; 5 V[RW jZ= 5 ;$:G>73Wi E ;#RW E :8; 5 5 7G78+e%:8# 5 W< E W 5
:G>W< 5 C fZ5 7 +g >W<M 5 Vy 5 7 5 EGE 7( E +;$+K 0 z e 5 jZ=
A4
VB E NY &kI+e+'z;$
E :8; 5E :G'1 5E L7U0>;)RW E +78K
{1} {3, 5} {4, 5} {5} {5}

i f 1 2
{1} {3, 5} {4, 5}

i f
?e 5 jZ= V E >7GK
A5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

%o
!)o%q
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z %o
branco dgito
dgito
2
1
branco
i f
3 4 5
branco
letra
6 7
letra, dgito
j['R7U0/C 3u '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U C

A5
{1, 3, 6} {4, 7} {5, 7} {7} {7}

i f 1 2
{1, 3, 6} {4, 7} {5, 7} i f
^WjZ=\78> 5 e9> RWi<+;+K E V 5b eMB; E RL3+g NRS>T 5 V%M.RW; 5%E E :U; 5%E
5 7G78+e%:8 E L>7:8+e+F 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$F E :8; 5E eL E C[?kg$>+R$:8e; 5 5 W 0 V:8+7 W 5%E
5 E :8; 5 o}:G'1 5 e 5 eMF;g$NRS>T 5 ; 5
F A
j[= VZ 5 7:Ue%: 5 V@ 4 0 ;$>1>7GK E >7b78> 5 p
e9NK; 5 5 W 5 K;$>e:8 +; 5 7NC %#e 5E >Re; 5 + E5 Vt 5# eM[;+;$+K UVP:8+7 W 5E ; 5 E
E :8; 5E 5 7G78+e%:8 E VW3 5E t+7G:G+eL+e%:8 E 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 C m F E8E >W 5%E R:G'M.'_>7k E8E ajZ=
78.W<M'+W<+e%:U7(e 5 AdVP:8+7 W
F
5%E RW7 5 M'+WiVP 5 E eLT 5}E L>7 W 5E Y%RM 5 : 5 +e
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G J M'I1 7U#M'';V E E >7GKRW K;$+e%:G >; 5 7 5 R-RW UC D +7 W 5%E Vy>e%:8T 5 V
Y%RJ E :8L>M.N+7`7G 5 78';;$ E L7U0;$NK;$'7`+e%:G78; 5 E E :8; 5E Y%R(:G>7GW<'e7UW:G'1 5%E C
^t E 7;J'M'H:U7<;$ eKS+T 5 ;<M.'eRL>W;$ E v;V$RW jZ=eLT 5 ]J:8T 5 'M.p

W<+e%:G<'W<M.>W<+e%:8; 5 Y%Re%: 5 RW jZ0C D >e%:GVy 5 7J+g >W<M 5 VB;$:87 5 M' 5 7G.:GW 5 ; 5
AY%R3t+7U 5 7G783i:Ut+MK;$3:G7Ue E KS E 7UiRW j[= 3C fZ5 7 5 R:G7 5 M'; 5 VP E +78 :8p
7 'E :GK+ E ;$eLT 5 pw;$+:G+78W<.e E W 5 eT 5 ;$K 5 eW 5%E j[= E e>e9 RW * 5 ;$+7#g :G7U+W
78+MKS+T 5 5%E j[ E C l E8EG5E 'e >Y%R)MK E8E 3;$)M.'eRL>e E Y%R0 5 ;$>W E >7(; eK; E
5 7`W<+ 5 ;$bjZ= E ]b)W< E Wi); E Y%R 5 ;+W E +7^; eK; E 5 7`W)> 5 ;$b jZ E C
E8E 'W E >e; 5 VLYRLMKYR+7^jZ= 5 ;$ E >7`:G7Ue E 5 7GWi; 5 e RWjZNY%R.1M.>e:8C fZ5 p

;$>W 5%E V@+e%:8T 5 V@;$ e'7<e 5E8E &M.'eR+W 5 7<W)> 5 ;$}RW j[= 3Vd:G7Ue E 5 78WiprM 5 e RW
jZVt+e%:8T 5 VW 5 e:U7():8t+MK#; 5 AdCB RW<+M'9 5 7 'e;VL 5 ;$>W 5E E +7G>1>7`RW 7 5 p
7UWi(Y%RaS>J E8E5 78(e E 5 R<R E 7kRWY%RZvJ+g$ E :8% C[O,g:UW<+e%:Ga EGE J M 5%E5
; 5%E 7 5 7UWi E Y%Rb+7UW A E W)N;$Ke%:Gbi;$ E +7GKS+T 5 ;<M.'eR+We RWi< 5 7GWi)Wi E
W<'I1+MXC? E8E E 7 5 78W< E +W:878e E 5 7GWie; 5 E8E );$ E 78KS+T 5 e RW jZ3C
= E EGE T 5 /C ,1+78+W 5%E#5 R:G7U 5 78Wi;$;$ E 78+1+7#M'.eR+e E 78+RM'7G E C m T 5 E

g$78 E8EG E 7G>RMK78 E V$Y%RVt 5 W 5E jZ= E V E >78T 5 R E ; E eLi 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ; 5 A,7U<
M'.eR+W e E >S>T 5 /C /C
X ++
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!)o
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
3.2 Expresses regulares

R$:G7UWie>.7U-; E }7G>78 E +e%:87G>WM''eR>e E 7G>RMK78 E ]} 5 7iW)> 5 ;$+g 7G EGEG E
78+RM'7G E CWig$78 E8E T 5 78+RMK7 ?6ciR$:8.M''_>M'.eR+e E 7G>RMK78 E 7G'W<H:8.1 E
5 W3'epr E 5 7)W)> 5 ;$}M'Re E05 t+7U; 5 78 E C&? E8E -g$78 E8E T 5 5 78Wi;-;$ eVd>e%:8T 5 V
RWi 5 R$:878)M'.eR+W}C@ Ea5 t+7U; 5 78 E R$:G'M.'_>; 5E e E8E E +g$7G EGEG EaE T 5)5EÈ +R.e%:G E
eKT 5 ^;; E E M''eR>e E V E5 78 5 M.t: 5 Vy;$ ep E

5 W 5
L1
{x | x L1 x L2 }
m L2 L1 L2
465 e+:G>eS>T 5 <;; E E M'.eR+e E V E5 78 5 M.t: 5 V[;$ e+p E

5 W 5
L1 m L2

L1 L2 {x.y | x L1 y L2 }
j>U9 5 ;$ JM'+>e0 k;;0M'.eR+W EG5 78 5 M.t: 5 V$;$ e+p E 5 W 5
E +eL; 5
L C
L
L (L L) (L L L) (L L L L) ...
^M'Re E g$+W<M 5E ;)M''>S+T 5 ; E8E E65 L>78; 5 78 EaE T 5
{a, b} {c, d} = {a, b, c, d}

{100, 010, 110} {00, 01, 11} = {100, 010, 110, 00, 01, 11}
{101, 110} {00, 11} = {10100, 10111, 11000, 11011}
{abc} = {, abc, abcabc, abcabcabc, abcabcabcabc, ...}
{a, b} = {, a, b, aa, ab, ba, bb, aaa, aab, aba, abb, baa, bab, bba, bbb, ...}
?L7U&;$ e'7GW 5E)5 Y%Rz]RWig$78 E8E T 5 78+RM'7>VZ1W 5E 7:8.7<; E M''eR>e E
Wi EE .W<M' E Y%R3+g$ E :G>W0R$:G'M'._N7 EGE E5 t+7U; 5 7G E C D +W 5%E Vt+e%:8T 5 Vt;; 5z5 M.t: 5

= {a1 , a2 , ...an }
V V0C.C'C E T 5 ?@c E Y%R- 5 787G E 5 eL;$+W JE M.'eRL>e E V
a1E a2
78 t> :8.1W)>e%n:G
a
m {a1 }, {a2 }, ..., {an }

](RW<<?6cY%Rb 5 787G E 5 eL;$ J M'.eR+W
{}
m

]JRWi<?@c Y%R 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ J M.'eRL>W
=m
E E T 5 ?@c E YR 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W JE M.'eRL>e E V>e%:8T 5 ]^RWi
e e
+g$7G1 EGE T 25 87 +RM'7aY%R 5 8
7 7G E 5
e ; J M'.eR+W
L1 L2
L1 L 2
m e1 e 2
E E T 5 ?@c E YR 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W JE M.'eRL>e E V +e%:8T 5 ](RWi

e e
+g$7G1 EGE T 25 87 +RM'7aY%R 5 787G E 5 e; J M'.eR+W
L1 L2
L1 L2
m e1 e2
E ]RWi)?@c\Y%R 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ J M.'eRL>W V$>e%:8T 5 ]RWi)?@c\Y%R 5 7G78 E p

5 eL;$
e J M.'eRL>W
L C
L e
fZ5 7^+g >W<M 5 V .e;'>i<ReKT 5 ; E M.'eRL>e E V V V V 5 R

E *vV
(a b c d) {a} {b} {c} {d}
C f 7UF+1 .:87 5 e R E T 5 YRLe; 5 W< E :8R7UW 5EP5%Ey5 t+7U; 5 7G E ;$+e%:G7 5 ;$dRWi
{a, b, c, d}
W< E Wi}g$78 E8E T 5 78+RM'7>V;$+1+W 5E E :Ut+M'>++7RWi}78 5 7GK;;$<+e%:G78 5E5 L>78; 5 78 E C
D +W 5E V>e%:8T 5 V 5 W Wi E M.:878 5 78';;$V%;$+ 5 E V eM.W<>e:8V C [
f 5 ;$>W 5E .eL;
I
R$:8.M'._N7bL7 +e%:G E E 7U};$:8+78W<.e73 5 78;$>W

;$zM''>S>T 5 ; 5E35 t+7U; 5 7G E Ck*vW 5%E
M'Re E g$+W<M 5E
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

q-
!)o
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z q
;$ e#zM''eR>W 5 78Wi;z 5 7: 5 ; E E >;$>' E

(a b) (a bYR c)E '(b
EG5 7G
{a, b, c}
c)
e'+'W 5 W E M':878 E
a
5 R
b
J:G+78W<.eLW 5 W
b
5 R
c
m
;$ e^JM.'eRL>W C
(a b) ((a b) (a b) (a b)) {x {a, b} | |x| mod 3 = 1}
E8E 'W 5 W 55E jZ= E V[ E ?6c E 5 ;+W E +7W0RH: 5 W< EJE .W<M' E L7U78+78 E +e%:U7
-M.'eRL>W E >7)78> 5 e9>K;& 5 7)RWA ; 5 Y%R}RW j[0C fZ5 7<+g >W<M 5 V@78-
M'.eR+W;$ eK;<t+M 5 jZ V$ 5 ;+7 W 5%E R$:G'M'._N7^ E >R'e%:GJ?@c
A1
(digito digito ) (i f ) (letra (letra digito) )
RzW<>M.9 5 7`YR EGEG5 V 5 ;$+7 W 5E ;$ e.7`>;0RW; 5%E : 5 +e E E >7G>W 7GN 5 e9>+'; 5E
5 7`W<+ 5 ;$RWi)?@cC fZ5 7`g$+W<M 5
o
digito digito
m
J
if
m
U
0
letra (letra digito)
C
s E :8W3t]+W 5 W 5 5 e%:GN3 5 W 5E jZ= E Vy]3Wi E ;H 'MZ.W<M'+W<+e%:U7RW7 5 p

7UWizYRVB;; E E ?@c E V 5 e E '#K;$>e:8 +7>;$>' E Y%R<z+MK E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>WC f[5 7
5 R:G7 5 MK; 5 Vk] 5E8EG 1+M6:8W0L]>W:G7Ue E 5 78Wi70RWi&?@ce RW jZ0Vd&+g$+W<M 5 ; 5 Y%R
5 5 7G780 5 W 5%E jZ= E C<? W<+M'9 5 7b.eL;VB+g$ E :G>W 7 5 7UWi E Y%R(vz_+>W EGEG5 C<^W
;$>M. E ] 5 I1 4`4 V%Y%R^R$:8.M'._N78+W 5E E +R.767UJ.W<M'+W<>e:U7 5 A&7UbM''eR>W
++ Ck? E8E 7 5 78W<Jt+78W<H:8(Y%R( E t> Y%R>W 5%E@5%E : 5 +e E ; 5 e 5E8E5 A- 5 76W<+ 5 ;$
X
?@c E J+7GK)RW7 5 7UWi3%I10>_J;(M'+7(78> 5 e9>>7a E8E E : 5 +e E C
3.3 O analisador lxico da linguagem X ++

=^ E :U E >S>T 5 W 5E :G7U78+W 5%E 5 W 5 .W<M'+W<+e%:U7 5 A78#M.'eR+W R E e; 5#5
>78; 5 7[;$` 5 W).MK; 5 7G E %I1 4`4 C= 5 I
^ +e;'+ n ]@ >H:U RW<(;$ E +7GKS+T 5 ;$` 5 W
X ++ 5 ReL.p
5 eL EGE F7 5 7UWiVI'eM'R'e; 5 M.Re E g$+W<M 5E ; E R(R$:8.M'._NS>T 5 C[ E8E 'W}V78> 5 W<+e;p E
Y%R 5 cI
M.>H: 5 7` 5 e E RMH:8 E8E >e;$Ke%:G E ;$b 5 e%:G'e%RL7`)M.>H:8R78<;$ E :U E NS+T 5 C
7 5 7UWiI1 4`4 ++.:8, 5 W 5 +e%:878;RW7UYR.1 5 Y%R:G+W ;$ E +7GKS+T 5 ;

M'.eR+W E +7k78> 5 e9NK; `.7U+7U7ZRW eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:U:GK 5 `RW eM. E ; 5 7ZM']g$K 5
78 EGE M'.eR+W}CZ E8E 'W}V$M']+W ;b78Wi:GK+3;bM'.eR+W)pwM'1 5 V;$+1p E ;$ E 78+1+7

:8W3t]+WY%RM(]M''eR>WV 5 R 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$-: 5 +e E E >7G>W7GN 5 e9>+'; 5%E t+M 5
A@C$? E8E 7UY%R'1 5 5 ;$(:G+7^Y%RM'Y%R>76e 5 W<V$Wi E 5E :GRWip E R$:8.M''_>7aRWi0g :G>e E T 5 C
dW 5%E e 5E 78 >7G'7`0 EGE 7UY%R.1 5 5 W 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v vr C
78Y%R'1 5 E +7(:878:8; 5 t+M 5 I1 4`4 ]i;$'1 ';'; 5 >W ;$'1+7 E E(E NS E C) 78'W)>.7U
;$>M' E ;:G>7GW<'eJM'Re E L7UW<:87 5%E 78((>78S+T 5 ; 5 A}`; 5 m C? EGE E NS+T 5 'e'+'p E
5 W bM'I1 7U^ 5 $:G 5 e E V 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 E >R'7NC 4 ;RW;$ EGE E 7UW<+:G7 5E 5E8E R
RW 1M 5 7pr;78T 5 E 7GN E W 5%E 'e+M.R'7eze 5E8E ;$ eKS+T 5 Y%R>M. E 7UW<:87 5%E +Rv 5
1M 5 7`;$ E vW 5E MH:8+7U7NC[= 5 > EG5 ;)M.'eRL>W ++ V'78+W
5E R E 7^L>e E 5 PS+T 5
X
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G X s
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
\T7Sb\[:i
&XX 7^Xhi_

? E8E 5 tS>T 5 +:8 5 W 5 ; 5 Y%R 5 A 5 m E T 5 +7U; 5%E C 5 +7U7 5E eM. E ; 5 78 E V 5
%I1I 4`4 78'3RWi3MK E8E %I1Ib7U 5 A-RWi07U 5 m C m ( E8E 5 PS+T 5 :G'1>7 5 1IM 5 7
oc?A? o
VLY%R3] 5 1M 5 7GpX;$7UT 5 V%:Ue%: 5 i+M' EGE b 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 5 m Y%Re%: 5 5 A E +7UT 5
true
=kI
& XX 7^Xhi_
E8E
MK E Rv 5E 5 W< 5 e+e%:8 E 17GKI1> E bW<]: 5 ; 5E E T 5 IC 465 W 5 5 e E >Y >eKV E
RW\ m @RW\ A 5 ;$+W E +7Z78'; 5E CB`:8.M'._Ne; 5 5 tS>T 5 a:8+W)p E 6W< 5 7
P+g ''M.K;;$V[ 5 E ;$.1+7 E E ' E ; 5 m VZ 5 W 5 5 e E NY &kI+e+'V; 5 AJ 5 ;$+W E >7
78K; E C fZ5 7 5 R$:87 5 MK; 5 V;$^ 5 7U; 5 5 W(; 5 +RW<+e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 %I1 4`4 V 5 ;$ E +W<t+e9 5 ;$
RW 5 W<'M'; 5 7a E :U:GK 5 ] E RL>7G 5 7` 5 ;$JRWeT 5 E :8:GK 5 C[?@W3 5 7U0R:G'M.'_+>W 5%E t+e E
RWi+Ki; 5 m e 5 e 5E8EG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7>VL7G+ +78.W 5%E RWeT 5 E :8:8' 5 t+eL E L7U#Y%R
5 M.>H: 5 7` 5E8E )1+7`Y%R EÈ T 5 E .W<M'K+S E ;$ E :U 5 tS>T 5 e)'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 C
E >ReL;b7:8J](;$>M.'W<H:U;)t+MK E M'I1 7U E ;6/ ; E >R.p

J
;CC
A C'A
; E 5 7kRW e 5 W<C[? E8E è 5 W<^ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ MK E8E ^Y%R`'7U(78.%7 5 m C fZ5 7kg$>W)M 5 V
C'A61bAcA
RW '78 5 78..e7 RWi +M' EGE 6U9LWi; V>Y%R E >78 +M' EGE
; 5 m V`RW78Y%R'1 5 Y%R^ 5 e%:G]>W E8E (+M' EGE C D 5 ; 5 + ;. 5 5 M 5 >; 5 e EGE
:G78>U9 5 ; 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v v E +7U3'e+M.R ; 5 e EGE )MK E8E C
D 6A A MD C

^M']+W ; E8E5 V E >7878K;RWiz+M' EGE )Y%R< 5 7G78 E 5 e;$) 5 AQ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7>C? EGE
C'A 6 D6AcAMDQ C= 5
MK E8E 5 78Y%R'1 5#5 e;$0+MK])78W<_+>e;%F:G>W 5 e 5 W<0; 5 m W< E
= 5 e 5E8E5 + E5 V$ 5 7^g$>W)M 5 ViMK E8E ; 5 A E +78'<U9W<;
v78T 5 R$:8.M'._N; 5 t+M 5 %I1I 4`4 V 5 A]<U9Wi; 5 ;$ D 5 >e&seL>7>Vt 5 7( E8E5z5 e 5 W<
;<MK E8E C
n>MA
C'A
= 5 7 5 7UWi/C$V 5 + ;. 5 ;$+e%:87 5 ; E8E E >S>T 5 ; 5 7UY%R.1 5 C v vF;$ e 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5
C'A
;zMK E8E CL?dM'3])7G E 5 e E I1>MB 5 7(1+78 +7Y%R E E T 55E 7UW<:87 5%E ;$0+e%:G7U;V
78K7 5-5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5 +g NR$:U7)&eLM' E EG5 78#RW 78Y%R'1 5 +Rv 5 e 5 W<# 5
EGE ; 5 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 C m 5 e 5 W<JR$:G'M.'_>; 5 5 twp{UV$>e%:8T 5 ieLM' E E >783 +.:8 EG5 78
^>e%:G7U;pX;$7UT 5 m E :G>W}C 'eL CZ?dM'a>H:U`:UW3t]+W 5 PS+T 5 .)$ {VYR@W 5 ;$ +( E ;
7 5 ;$R_+K;)t+M 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NC
F n69 Q= 6L U=Q6< &n6=Q:U/^ y:CY%= H <{ 9:;%<:=?>=A@CB

\ >nj&; : G =Qp=B G ;B
_ Z Kc Z
d
e n Y LALQYQ=^Q^tYQ= <QM
g a JO =YAZ ^ = LS H: <t :^ ; `lEffS;>n Y : :^ ; DBs sQsQl
h ZbH K KZ K Z?H G Z H Z G G Z H X
iO ;;Y G = HMG&H ;^^ N ;&: K `ta=Y^ G RRS^%= [ =P: G ^ J > Z&[ =A`ta=Y^Q;
k
Frq RRT a ;> ; ;ml>= l =AL%YQ=^^ Y%= Z?H= [ y : <cG=Q:<^H { :;&^T9=Q:6^ v6L n ;
Fr\ JO Z K K6Z Z&[ ZbH K ZbH K&N G G KZ H
Fr_ K : ZbH <Aa Z Y G&H =?> G `llRR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p;S=A^ G :A= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;
F|d Y%= H <Pn=Q:6^ G : RRP= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;%:cY%Qv Z LQ;QR^ ZbHKQK6Z LQ;
Fre
Frg Z?HKcZ
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G cX D
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z
Fh O ;;Y G = H >^T`ta=Y^ G
Fri &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y G :6^ Z ; H {
Frk RQRSYQS;ôn6=Q:?> :;^Xn6=^^%= ;^Xn6=Q:=A;ALQ;?>n YQ= ;%:
\uq a;%:y Z `Ps ZTGQ K =Q:<^BY G&H < K%[ N! D Z ff{ Z [
\F
\u\
\u_ Z a>y^T=Q:` <6^: Z& B K ;&6;& G :=^ G yE{B GQI&J =Y^yl ^ N ;%: K l%{{
\d K J6G
\ue G Y^ G
\ug &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y?l^%=Q< GZ ^ =%p=AYQ= H < ^ N ;%: K
Z?H n JK a Z Y G l%{
\h &6^ KG >B G v Z&K ys{
\ui
\uk
_uq
_F ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQI%J =Y^y?l l&{{
_u\ Z RRtYQ = := = n6= : ;
_u_ %6^ KG >B; JK [ B|n: ZbG&HHKK Y H [ y?lE G = [6[ ZbH <aQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK BSBtBl&{
_d n6=Q:^ G :A` HG cYQ= H <Cy%^ KG >B ZbH {
_ue
_ug Y^
_h G G RRtYQ [ ;t=Q: I&JZ p;
_ui a Z Y G&H =b> G `P=Q:<6^=Q:<6^BY G&H < K%N D
_uk %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G = [6ZbH <aQ:;?>
a Z Y G lfTa Z Y G&H =b> G fmlBtBSBl&{
dq
dF K :An6 =Q:6^ :A` MYQ= <y =%p=CB ;B Y n : =?>yua Y =b> {Q{
d\ G H6G H H6G Z Z G H JK K G Z G&H G
d_ L%= L y =%p=CB ;B Y 6; ; vL n ; {T
dud K N%6^ >B; Z B|n:Z G Y K y?lEJ H[Y lG fPK6Za HY G =b> fml ; a; Bl%{
de : GQK%JK:G H JK ZbHK H Z G Z G&H G H K JH[
dg
dh
di n=Q:6^ :CB ;^^ ;%: `>^
dk n=Q:6^ GG :CB|n:G&H;%<Q:=b>N yE{K RRAL N =?>=A;> K ; [ ; I&J6G a=QVS=t= H6 Y Z ^ G
euq
eF RQRPp G : Z a Z L%=c^ GoN ; J p GAG ::;SY%Qv Z LQ;
eu\
eu_ Z ay%n66=%^ :6^ >G :/B; B K ; j6B|nG&H: ^Q; JY :L yrn6G =QBa:6;^ JH:/[ B G; vQ::;%^Q:; yE:{L u`SBa6;sM{ v%::;%:Cy{cf
ed KG JK ZbHK H G K j6G&H J lG v JHL%[ =YPG :Q:;%:6^Ta; l&{
eue G Z JH[
eug G Y^ G %6^ >B; B|n: Y y?lE9:;&<:=b>^ LL ^Q^&a YY&
= =Y V Bl%{
eh KG JK ZbHK H J G J H Z GQ[
eui RR>= ZbH
euk ^ = LXn Y Lt : < >y v{RR> K ; [ ;t= J v Z Y Z =Q:
guq K KZ JO Z K ZbH Z ZbHK
gF
gu\ ZbHK KP: Z?Hj <
^
gu_ ^X` K ; j6GUH >=Q< G rv
gd
gue j :QM`M^^TBYQ=À^ K^ BH^ [G v^ %aC: ylb<Clyl%D{ {
gug KL%= L y : J<O K vZbH %a%6j ; Ûv6L n ; {
gh K N K ZbH H[G JK JH[ G K6Z H!G
gui : G%K%J : H ^
guk
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o
!0%
i i
o àà(BZ)*àd*<a
hq
hF RRPYQ= <Q
h\ H
h_ 9Q 6U6&Q/yYQ= <{
hrd H
z>

W<]: 5 ; 5 E :8:8' 5 ]#R:G'M.'_>; 5 t+eL E L7U}7G>M' 5 e7bRW : 5 +e,78> 5 e9NK; 5
?Q o6 ?A? o C'A6 C

5 W 50E >R0*e 5 W< C fZ5 7dg$+W<M 5 V%78JRWK;$+e%:8 >; 5 7>V 5 e 5 W< E >78 V7UJRWi
5 e E :8e%:8'e%:G>.7UV E +7U VZ7UMKI1 78-78 E +781I; V E >78
? E8E E e 5 W< E<E T 5 ;$ eK; 5E e 5 7UY%R.1 5 C v vV@e E NS+T 5 Y%R; E 78+1 5E : 5 +e E E >7G>W
78> 5 e9NK; 5E C
?dW E >RK;V1+W E NS+T 5 ;$>W<78>; t+MKJMKI1 78prU9I1 1nS tC

? E8E E >S>T 5E +781,78QY%R 5E8E W 5E 'e%:G7 5 ;$R_+'7&+ ;. 5 I12e+M' EGE 5 7G78 E 5 e$p
H
o ? D C(?
;$>e:8- 5 AdCa= 5 e 5E8EG5 AdVF'7G>W 5%E 'e%:G7 5 ;R_+'7RWi,17GKI1>MêT 5 M''>U9W<;
E8E 178KI1+M[]<.eL78+W<+e%:8;>;z+787 5 M']g$' 5 +e 5 e%:G7U; 5 e 5 7Gp
Y%R'1 5JE >e; 5 eM. E ; 5 C?-'e%:G7 5 ;R_+'W 5E :8W3t]+WRWW)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R E 'W<M. E W<>e:8678: 5 78e
5 1M 5 7 ;$ E8E <17GKI1>M{C6? EGE 3W<]+: 5 ; 5E +7U)R E ; 5 t+M 5 m Ve 5i eM[;#eLM' E 7Ui;$+p
:G>7GW<'e7 E 5 5 7878+7UW+787 5%E M.]+g K 5%EF5 R}eT 5 C
F
Q6 %&% 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBu@
\
_ ZbHK L%; JHK G vQ::;%:c`ts
d n Y L a; vQ::;%:CyE{
e JO Z ZbHK JH[ G
g : : L%; vQ::;%:C
h G%K%J H JHK G
i
k
Frq
E >S>T 5#E +R.e%:G])iWi E 'W) 5 7G:8e%:Gb78i;$ e'S>T 5 ; 5 AdCP=^>M' E T 5 ; eK; 5%E
Y%R E[5E : 5 >e E E +78+W\78> 5 e9NK; 5E VY%R E[5E +7U:G>7G E E >7G>W;$ E 78+_N; 5%E 5 R$:87 5%E
5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5%E Y%R 5 A&;$+1(:G>7>C l eKK78+W 5%E W)>e 5 eLe; 5 Y%R E@E T 5(5%E +78 :8+78 E
Y%R<;$+1+W E >7;$ E 78+_>; 5E e%:G E ; E 0'eKK7 5 78> 5 e9N'W<+e%: 5 ;$0RW : 5 +eBVB 5 W 5
_>+W 5E Y%Re; 5 R$:8.M'._NW 5E RW j[780;$ e.7 5 AdC l E8E5 ] >H: 5 ; E >R'e%:G 5 78W<
F
U9 9:;%<:=?>=A@CB
\ ltl
_
d ] lblb K ll
e ] lb%H:l
g ] lb%al
h ]
i
'e;$K+
D 5 ; E E ;$ eKS E e E :8 E >S>T 5 R$:8.M'._NWi78+78 E +e%:US+T 5 ;bg$78 E8E E 7G>RMK78 E C
MKI1 78 5 %I1 4`4 Y%R};$ E *vW 5%E ; e'7iY%R E0E T 5 E +;$+K E Y%R
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o$"
!0/
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z o$"
;$>1+W E +7 .e 5 7U; E C^= 5 > EG5 Vt E :8W 5%E ;$'_+>e; 5 Y%R0RW78e 5 5 RRW +V 5 RRW
eM`;$zM''e9V 5 RRW G
=
7 V 5 RRW : V6;$>1>W E >70'e 5 78; 5E zeLT 5
+e%:8787Fe 5 78> 5 e9>'W<+e%: 5 ;$RW: 5 +eC
^M']+W ; 5 FV 5 %I1 4`4 +W<78+:UW0L]>WMKI1 78 !1 Y%R]#R:G'M.'_>;

78);$ e.7NV$ 5 7`W<+ 5 ;$Jg$78 E8E E 78+RMK78 E V%Y%R E E +;+K E E >7G>W7GN 5 e9>+'; E
}YRL E05%E :8. 5E ;: 5 >e E Y%R-+MK E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W}C,k*vW 5%E05 + E5 ; E M'I1 7U E
78 E +781I; E C m R0; eKS+T 5 ]J E :Ue%:G E .W<M' E V 5 E 0g$78 E8E T 5 78+RM'7FY%RJ E ;$ eJ]
)7878'0M'I1 7UC D >W 5%E
F R 9=YQ=Qp:=^P: G ^ G :Qp= [ =^ R 9 :;%<:=?>=A@CB

\
Q
_
d Q
l : = l
e &lbOLQYQG=^j^6l }
g ]( &6%Q%6Q&/XlbLQ;} ^ : L ;&:l
h ]( H K J K }
i ]( Q6Q&l G Y^l G vl } ^l
k ]( G KG&H[ }
Frq ]( U/&l laa;%l :l }
FuF ]( b/Zl }l
Fr\ ]( Q l Z?HK l }
Fr_ ]( 9QU/HG ln: } l
F|d ]( QQlE: = ZbHl K }
Fre ]( Q%/G l: [ :} l
Frg ]( &QUlU^ GQK%: J H<l }
Fh ]( b9lb^ nK :Z?H l }
Fri ]( J G }
Frk
? E8E };$ eKS+T 5 ;$'_iY%R 5E 5E8E 1> E : 5 >e E E >7G>W7GN 5 e9>+'; 5%EJE >78T 5 E >;$>' E

VnLUVn *
&+:8C
' ;X; ;U
>;RW<,; E8E E +;+K E ] EGEG5 K; 5 RW:G' 5 ;$
: 5 >eBV Y%RV e 5 + E5 VU9W<W 5E ;$ V V +:8C? E8E E :G' 5%E
'C A c?A? VdY%R&]- E Rt+7UMK E8E 'W<>;$K:U;+M' EGE C'A6 C

;$&: 5 +e E .7UT 5 5 787G E 5 eL;$+7NVae,'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 ; 5 m Va 5 e E :8e%:G E .e%:G>.7U E ;$ p
E8E .W}V 5 ;$+W 5E e 5E 78 +78+eLK7`< E8E E 5 e E :Ue%:G E 5 W 5C'A ?A:?5 R
eK; E e 5 78Y%R'1 5
C'A6 ?A?
;X; V 5 R C'A ?A? ;& C
E8E 'W 5 W 5 ;$ E 78H: 5 e 5 'e 5 ;$ E :Gi+ :GRM 5 V 5 A]i 5 e E :G78R ; 5 ;)W 5 ; 5 Y%Ri
Wi 5 7(+;+K# 5E8E 1>M E *v#78> 5 e9>K;C fZ5 7( EGEG5 eT 5 9e+e9 RW7 5 M.>WiY%Re%: 5
RWi+g 7G EGE T 5 78+RM'7b 5 ;+73+7U7 E RP+;$+K E ; 5 R:G7Ug$78 E8E T 5 7G>RMK7NC m +W<78
%
E +7U3 5 e E ';$>78;30Wi 5 7`+;$+K3;0>e%:G7U;0YR(> E 7a 5 WM'RWib+g$7G EGE T 5 7G>RMK7NC
% P
l E8E5 5 e%:GNV 5 7ag$>W)M 5 V E +R'7a 5 W 5%E : 5 +e E C m )+e%:878;b 5E8E R.7aRW
E :G78.e V% E :8 E +7UbK;$>e:8 +; 5 5 W 5 RW V%W< EaE 5%EGE R'7FRW t+e E V%+e%:UT 5
E +7U 5
>=
E
>
+ W<+e%: 5 7GNM'._N; 5 C
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G M X Q
i i
o àà(BZ)*àd*<a
F R Un G := [ ;&: G ^ R 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBu

\
Q
_
d %%/l?`l
e %/l l }
g ]( /l } l }
h ]( }
i ]( !Qll?```ll }
k ]( }
Frq ]( Q&" l }l``l l }
FuF ]( 9QQlfl }
Fr\ ]( UQl l }
Fr_ ](X&Ql l }
F|d ]( U #l?Rl }
Fre ]( Q %l $l }
Frg ]( }
Fh
Fri R E> ;Y;^ ^bn L = ^ R
Frk O G G Z Z
\uq
Q
\F
\u\
\u_ QQ99QQ//ll%{y?ll }
\d ]( Q%/lbl }
\ue ]( Q%/l l }
\ug ]( Q
Q/ lE}l
\h ]( Q
Q/l l }
\ui ]( U %U6& ll }
\uk ]( /l?l }
_uq ]( %/ lBEl }
_F ]( }
_u\
= 5 :GbY%R 5 7UY%R.1 5 C v v` 5 ;$ 5E8E R.7^;.1+7 E EFE >S E & 5 R1 C`Y%R;.1 .p
;$'W I
5E 5 e$ 5 78W< e 5%EGE ) 5 e 1+e +e+'V%;J 5 78; 5 5 W E 'W)'MK78';;$>e%:G78 5%E : 5 +e E CZ
E +R.7`;$ E +7G>1+78+W 5%E@5%E : 5 +e E 78+MK+ 5 e; 5E ) 5 e E :8e%:G E e 5 W< E ;$K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7G E C
F R LQ; H ^ K = HKG ^ R 9:;%<:=?>=A@CB('

\
Q
_
d
e SZ?HK LQ; H ^ K = HK Qy yERl?sR l H W%l > Gl :;^ yE[l?sG Ll Z >l = Zl ^{ 3 ;L{ K = Z ^ NG v= [G L Z >= Z ^M; JtOZbH : Z ;^
g yEl?sl l%'l yEl?sl l%'l { lb;] lolbl { ]
h yEl?sl l l yEl?sl l%'l?lEl ll?l?=l lal { El N ll#l { ]
i yEl?sl lQDl yEl?sl lQDl { l O lolEl {
k { }
Frq
FuF ] ^ : <LQ; ^ = RRALQ; ^ = ^ : <
LQ;?>;ml= L L =l
Fr\ K lbZbH ll*y )H ElbKlQHlK ?lb l?lb%:l H{ K lbHKlG l K ZbH O [PO [
Fr_ H }
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o/
!0%o
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z o/
F|d ]
Fre oHQJ YYL%; H ^ K = HK ol HJ YQYl } RRSLQ; H ^ K = HKGPHJ YY
Frg
Fh R [G&HK6Z a Z L%= [ ;&: G ^ R
Fri
Frk
Q
\uq
\F
\u\ b/ QQ } y QQ }]r && } { }
\u_ ] QQEll %l +l?l?=l lVl
\d P }
\ue ] %&CEl?sl l l
\ug P m}
\h
XH ;$>+.WiM{V 5 RRWeXHW<+7 55 :8M E >RK; 5 t+MK
p 5 RmFV 5 RzRWeXHW<+7 5 9g;$N'WiM E >RK; 5 5 7$ 5 R-,V 5 RBV'e;V RWeXHW<+7 5
^Wi 5 e E :8e:8i.e%:8+'78}]iRWe W<+7 5
M':G7U
'e78 5bE >RK; 5 5 7 5 R V: 5 ; 5E@E >W)7G^'eKK; 5%E 5 7@RW; H: 5 5 e E :8e%:8 E 9g;$+p
'Wi E eT 5 5 ;$>W 5 W<>S>7^ 5 W /. . 5 R. P C^`Y%RXVe 5 1IW<+e%:GVLM.K+p E i7G>7U<;$
Y%R 5 A2;$+13K;$+e%:8 >7J 5 W 5 : 5 +eWi 5 7J+;+Ki 5%EGEG 1+MXCJ E8E 'W}Vt 5 7(g$>W)M 5 V
1vW 5E M.Re E : 5 >e E * E :878e9 5%E Y%RJ 5 ;+W E +7`78> 5 e9>K; 5%E 5 7` EGE <;$ e'S>T 5
021"34576 ;$>1 E +7 7GN 5 e9>+'; 5 5 W 5 RW<z 5 e E :Ue%:G3.e%:G>.7U 0 4 6$ E +R';i;3RW

K;$>e:8 +; 5 7 n98
&m
:; 1 <=3 :8W3t]+W]RW<< 5 e E :8e:8J9g;>'WiMm
>@? B: ACA ]RW<< 5 e E :8e:8 5 :8M E >RK;) 5 7`RWK;$>e:8 +; 5 7 nm
: ED ; :; ](RW+.WiM020&0 E +R';0t+M 5 ';+e%:G +; 5 7 y 02+C
^Wi< 5 e E :Ue%:G E :87G'eLV E +Re; 5 0; eKS+T 5 ;;V%'eKKp E ( 5 W RW7G( E E Y%R
1>W E +RK; 5 5 7 Y%RM'Y%R>7+78 :G>7GVg+: 5 RW W ;3M'.e9L E T 5 5 e E :Ue%:G E
78> 5 e9NK; E t+M 5 %I1 4`4 V 5 RRW >U9 E E VLY%R E +781L7U
\n e\r
M''_>7 # 5 e E :Ue%:GC
?LMKI1%7U l7t:8W3t]+W]^78> 5 e9NK; 5 W 5 RWib 5 e E :8e%:8V%e 5 + E5 VRWi78 >7 >eK I
)RW 5 $v*: 5 C
& F

E K;$+e%:G >; 5 7G E(E T 5 ;$ eK; 5 5 W 5E +e; 5 'eKK; 5%E 5 7RWi}M.+:G7UV E >RK;z 5 7
M':G7U Ed5 R#; .: 5%E CZj 5 78WR$:8.M'._N; 5%E ; 5 E : 5 +e E GF 7U;$ e'7 C
? E8E E : 5 +e E eT 5E T 5 R$:G'M'._N; 5%E e7UWi:8'>#;M.'eRL>W ++ VyW<
E E +781>W 5 W 5
Rg 'M''7G E e-;$ e'S>T 5 ; 5 7878 5 A@CZ= 5 :8#:8W3t]+W
X
Y%RMKI1 78 E 5 W 5 VLUV

:UVP+ E W 5 W ;$ eKS+T 5 ;3K;$+e%:G >; 5 7G E C R E *vVtY%Re; 5 RWiz;$ E8E E M'I1 7U E
L78>Fe(+e%:878;V>M'(+ E :8e: 5 5 W(; eKS+T 5 W 5%E :878;e%:G+78 5 78W)>e%:Ga;$aMKI1 78
78 E +781I;3Y%Re%: 5 5 W); eKS+T 5 ;(K;$>e:8 +; 5 7NV$+7UeL; 5 RWi<;$RM')'e:8+7878:8S+T 5 C
? E8E a] 5 + E5 +W YRF7GN E W 5%E ; e'7kRWiJ78 5 7GK;;$@`'e;$K+7ZY%RM; EZ5 tS E ;$+1
E +7@ EGE RW<';Cd%I1 4`4 R$:G'M.'_>bRWi7G>7UJ E :8e%:G E .W<M' E [3;$ e'S>T 5 Y%R78>++7
78.W<>.7 5 e 5 7UYR.1 5 C v v E +7U0R$:G'M.'_>;)e 5 + E5 ;$b;$RM')'e%:G+7878:US+T 5 C
2 ReL; 5 9 5 + E W<+e%: 5 ;3RWi>;$>'z;#>e%:G7U;# 5 WRW ; 5%E : 5 >e E ; eK; 5%E
D
e 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v vV 5 A}78> 5 e9>a EGE J+;+K( 5 W 5 RW: 5 +e<`7 5 ;$R_`RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5
V YR]RWi)+M' EGE JI1<;$ e';) 5 W EÈ >R'e%:G E 1I7GKI1> E
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o,
!0
i i
o àà(BZ)*àd*<a
? Q2H2I
A!J C'A ?A:? 5 W 5
\465 e%:G]>W 5 :8. 5 ; 5 : 5 >e78> 5 e9NK; 5 C 4 ;RW; 5E : 5 +e E ;$ E +7G.: 5%E
C'A6 ?A?b 5
e 5 7UYR.1 5 C v vJ 5 W 5 5 R ]#;$ e'; 5 eLMK E8E
E +eL; 5 RWiz 5 e E :Ue%:Gb'e%:G>.7UC EGE 'WV E R 5 e; 5 YR
KH
; eK; 5 5 W 5 1M 5 7FV +e%:8T 5 5 78> 5 e9N+76RW K;$+e%:G >; 5 7>V 5 A&'7837 5 ;R_+'7
RW 5 v*: 5 D 5 +e}Rv<178KI1+M m :8+W 5 1M 5 7a
?BXD&/ Q:DELBXD&/ C?>LD2H : DELD2H C?>I ? E8E E 178'I1+ E 'e;$K+W}V>78 E p

t>:G'1W<+e%:GV)M.'e9<< 5 M.Re<;$+e%:G7 5 ; 5 7UY%R.1 5 ;$>e%:G7U;V 5 e;$ E .eKK)
5 e;$J:8+78W)'e 5 : 5 +e78> 5 e9NK; 5 m
;:?>MAQMDEI Oz>;$>'YR3 5 M'';07GN 5 e9>+'; 5 W 5 : 5 +eBC fZ5 7(g$+W<M 5 V E
}>;$>'0702 5 kM.K;ze+e%:G7U;078> 5 e9>K; 5 W 5 RW / Vt+e%:8T 5 EGE
17GKI1>MP 5 e%:G]>W<+;$+K)M.K;V 5 R E vV702m
D z:D M? I ^Wi78 +7+I eLK78 5 7GIg$'W 5 : 5 >e-78> 5 e9NK; 5 L E +M'C m 5 A

.eL;eT 5 M.>Rie+e9 RW 5 R:G7 5 : 5 +e 5 R E ^ E8E `] 5 H M.:G'W 5 : 5 +ei;J>e%:G7U;V+e%:UT 5
E +R}1M 5 7a]#c7 m
D !ND o &AMC 6 D I ORW 5 e%:8; 5 7<7U 5 H M.:G'W 5 : 5 +eQ E LNKM`78> 5 e9NK; 5

e%:G E ;$ E :GCk*v^W< E ;$Ke%:G 5%E 5 W)>e%:878 5EyEG5 78 5 YR E T 5a5E : 5 >e E E t>+' E C
? E8E E#5 v*: 5%E#E T 5 +e 1 '; 5E L7U 5 m VF+;1+_Y%R&+M'e>+ E8E .:8,;RWe 5 1 5
: 5 >e)L7UeM. E 7 E 'e%:8:8'>W<+e%:8^+e%:G7U;CZ E +W< 5E 5 W 5 M'.e9L 5 M.ReJ+WY%R
L78>>W 5%E : 5 +e E3E T 5 H$:8+ E 78Y%R E # 5E8E }+W<H:8.7)W<+e E +e E e 5 + E5 ;+787 5E
E .e%:8:GK 5%E C 465 W>M. E V 5 m 5 ;$J'e;$K+7F>WY%RJ 5 e: 5 ; 5 78Y%R'1 5 ;$ >e%:G7U;07GN
5 : 5 +e}Y%RJ1 5 M'< E 78+78 E6E 'e:U:8'> E ;)M'.eR+W}C
3.4 Comentrios
D W3t]+W\]FRWi; E :G78.R'S E ; 5 A#78> 5 e9N+7 5E 5 W)>e%:878 5E ; 5 7 5 7UWia6: 5 W<7
}:8H:8R;$# 5 7G78:U>W 78+MKS>T 5 z>M. E V[Y%R< 5 ;$ E +7NV 5 7+g >W<M 5 V E .W<M' E W<+e%:Gi'e 5 p
7UprM 5%E CF= 5 :83Y%RRW 5 W<+e%:87G 5 eT 5 ]bRW.:G>WM']g$K 5 V 5 R E *vVeT 5 ;$+1 E >7^+e 1 '; 5
78 5 m V@RWi1+_Y%R7UWi:GK+;M.'eRL>W e>W I
E >Y%R+7<_7G+ +7 +e+' 5%E
5 W<+e%:87G 5E C?2e+W 5 ;$+78KV 5 E e0Wi 5 78'b; E M.'eR+e E V%:G] W) E W 5 be 5%EGE V%RW
5 W<+e%:87G 5 5 ;$#L78>>7 >W Y%RM'Y%R>7 5 e: 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiVP 5 W 5 V 5 7bg$+W<M 5 Ve 5
W<+ 5 ;$RW 5 WieL; 505 R}g$78 E8E T 5
^gVZ%f _&S&Q\=a } (W _i=i_POf-`\f:_[7Sd:b\ W` ~

=JM'.eR+W ++ R:G'M.'_>W
5%E ; 5 E :G' 5E ;$^ 5 W<+e%:U78 5%E C[78.W<+'7 5 ] 5 5 W<+e%:8p
78 5 ;$RWi yHeK+M'X'e9bY%R E ^'e'+'3 5 W RQ"Q1IL:G] 5 eLML;M.'e9C? 5bE >Re; 5 ] 5
5 W<+e%:87G 5 Y%R( 5 ;$ 5 e%:G>7a;.1+7 E E M'.e9L E JYR E (.eKK< 5 W SQUT0 :G>7GW<'e< 5 W VTWQLC
^W0 5%E@5%E :8. 5EaE T 5 :UW0L]>W +e 5 e%:G7U; 5%E +W%I1CZ 5 >e 5 e:8787@ EGE E 5 W<>e:U78 5%E V 5
e 5%EGEG5 A.7U E 'W<M' E W)>e%:GJ.e 5 7UprM 5E C
f 7Ui.W<M'+W<>e:U7 E8E < Re 5 eM.K;;$be 5 AdVt'7G>W 5%E R$:8.M''_>7 RWi 5 R$:G7U#+78 :8p
7 'E :GK+0; 5 I1 4`4 Y%R(] 5 5 e++.: 5 ;$J E :8; 5 CZ K;$]>'0]YR( 5 >e 5 e:8787@RWi<+;$+K
Y%R<.e'+'}RW 5 W)>e%:878 5 Vy 5 7g$>W)M 5 RWXQUTGV 5 AQ EGE 5 L>787J+W RW E :8; 5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,oo
!0 q
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z oo
;$. +78+e%:GC^=^ EGE b E :8; 5 Vt E +;+K E M''; E eLT 5 I

: +W 5 W< E W 5zE 'e >; 5 Y%R0e 5 E :8; 5
2
e 5 7GWiM; 5 A@C?dMK E eT 5#E T 5 78> 5 e9NK; E 5 W 5 : 5 >e E VW< E V E 'W}V E T 5 M''; E b;$ E >7Gp
:8; E V:G]iY%R E iU9>R J +;+KY%R) NU9 5 5 W<+e%:U78 5 C Re; 5 E8E5 5 e%:8>V 5
A-]J 5 M 5 +; 5 ;$(e 5 1 5 e 50E +Rz E :8; 5 e 5 7GWiMXV 5 e;$ 7GN 5 e9>+ 5%E : 5 >e E E LN +; 5E C
MJ
f 7U0>;3 E :8; 5 Y%R(R$:G'M'._N78W 5%E V$;$>1>W 5%E :G78.R.7aRWe 5 W<C@ E :U; 5 e 5 78WiMH
K>@C?:CQ:D o >=>D? C
; 5 Az:8+WRWe 5 W)a78>; eK; 5 Y%Ra] CNdW 5E V>e:UT 5 VM.:G+7U7 5 e 5%EGEG5 AdVIp
_+>e; 5 5 W Y%RVN 5 U97yRW YQZTGV 5 A#W3R;$kL7U6RW E :U; 5 U9W<; 5
l E8E5 ]( +.: 5 5 W E +R.e%:G;$ eKS+T 5
F
U9 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBu
\ lbR lz > Y Y LQ;?>Q>
_ J K6Z Z?H6G G&HK
d
[
MMJ
>|C?:CD o >X>D? C
= 5 :G&Y%RR$:8.M''_>W 5%E RW e 5 E :8; 5 VZ 5 E Y%R+78+W 5E Y%R 5 'e 5
; 5 5 W<+e%:U78 5,E *v,'e 5 78; 5 &Y%R 5 A EGE 7U 5 E :8; 5
fZ5 78]+W}V$ E8E 3W0R;eLS+<;$ E :8; 5 5 ;$ E +7a >H:U<+WY%RM'Y%R>7`+ E W<>e: 5 V 5 7`g$>W)M 5 V
e<;$ eKS+T 5 ;$RW: 5 >e 5 W 5
K\"] M^ U

P_M` 7a U YXQbh=_ U*_b` 7a 6\ $

MMJ dc$ L+VF

=^ EGE }+ EG5 V E 5 A E :G'1>7<e 5 E :U; 5 }>e 5 e:8787)>;$>' E :8]
78> 5 e9NK;0 5 W 5 RW: 5 +e def 5 A E8E 078 5 E :8; 5 ef C
>|C?:CD o >X>D? C2
= 5 > EG5 ; 5 e 5E8EG5 5 W<>e:U78 5 VyM.:8} E t>+ +7 5 YR 5 A;+1<_+>7e 5 E :8; 5
R+78+W 5E Y%Ri:GRL; 5 Y%R 5 73M'K; 5 e EGE # E :8; 5&E *v#v 5 ; 5 5 7U
gT/QYRJ:G+78W<.eL
MJ
t+M 5 AdVL:G]bY%R E *v)>e 5 e:878; 5 RW 5 5 W<+e%:U78 5 b 5 M 5 + 5 A,;$
1 5 MH:U3e 5 E :8; 5 C%jL_>+W 5E EGEG5 5 W}
F > J Y K6Z Y ZbHG LQ;?>> G&HK}

U9/ 9:;%<:=?>=A@CB
\ l RlzQ%
_
d ] ) }
e
h FC

e'W 5E Ve EGE < E :8; 5 V 5 YR<;+1 E +7'e 5 7U; 5 Vy 5 7bW<+ 5 ;$iRW fZ5 ;$+p
MJ 2 E :U; 5tMJ zY%RzY%RM'Y%R>7

7 W 5%E :UW0L]>W ;$ e.7<RW +W Y%RM'Y%R>70 E :U; 5 V@ 5 W 5 _>+W 5E e 5 E :8; 5
C R+78+W 5E Y%R 5 T/QS+ 5 A1 5 M.:873 5
,]R$:G'M.'_>;)7U0_>+7 5 + E W)>e%: 5 5 W
Y%RMKY%R+7(+78 :G>7GbY%R3eT 5 E :G*v#+e%:G78 5%E 5 M'U9:G E C f[5 7+g >W<M 5 V .7U#> E 7
5 R:G7U)>;$>' E *v)'e 5 78;CZ;$ eKS+T 5
5 WYRLMKYR+7 >7U:G+783;+e%:G7U;#Y%R0eLT 5E *vRW ; .: 5 : Q: = '7U+p

E 7J 5 W YRLMKYR+7J+;+KzY%R)eT 5 5E8E R; .: 5%E CbO'W) 5 7G:8e%:G<e 5 :U7JY%RVBeLe 5%EGE
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o
!0
i i
o àà(BZ)*àd*<a
;$ eKS+T 5 ; 5 5 W<+e%:U78 5 V E +;$+K E T<Q:UW0L]>W 5 7GWiWRW> E W<+e%: 5 5 W 5 p

;$7UT 5 tC fZ5 78]+W}VP1M'07G>7U#;$0Y%R E >W<7G)#Wi 5 7J+;$+Ki 5E8E 1>M]0R$:G'M'._N;e 5
+ E W<+e%: 5 C 465 W 55E +Re; 5 ;78T 5 :G>W t+eL E RW >7U :8+78VP+e%:UT 5 5 7GN+7(
+;$+K iTWQLV 5 + E W<>e: 5 ] E +W<78( +.: 5 e 5 78'W)>.7 5 ;$7UT 5 C
\;$ e'S>T 5 ;$b 5 W<+e%:87G 5E ;$RWi)M'.e9L E <]( +.:8i;$Wie+'78 E +W<+M'9e%:8
F
U9 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBEDbs
\ lbRRlz ^ <Y Y LQ;>>
_ Z?H G ZbH6G G&HK
d ^ <Y Y LQ;?>Q>
b9
e ZbH G Z?H6G G&HK}
g
h lb H llb%:l } &
i ] ) }
k
= 5 :G Y%RVe E8E > EG5 VRW eMt;$M''e91 5 M.:8 5 A& 5 E :8; 5J C`Y%Rt1M'
78+7U3;(7G 5 78';;$(7U 5E ;$7 E Y%R E T 5 ;$ e'; 5E e%:8 E CZ EGE 'WV E +;$+K E 5 R
\n
eL>e:878;z 5 ;$>7GKW > E 7 :8e%: 5 5 W 5 78.W<+'7 5 Y%Re: 5 5 W 5E +Re; 5 L;$7UT 5 V
\r
Wi E V$L>M'<7G 5 78';;$V 5 > E W<+e%: 5 ]( +.: 5 5 W 5 78.W<>.7 5 C
3.5 Recuperao de erros lxicos

^W >7G7 5 M.]+g K 5&5 5 787GiY%Re; 5 M'RW<>;$>'&YR7GN<e>e%:G7U;}eT 5 5 ;$ E >7
78> 5 e9NK; 5 W 5 RW: 5 +e1IM.K; 5 C fZ5 70g$+W<M 5 V E #:8.1+78W 5%E e&+e%:G7U;&&+;$+K
jjjlkmk*jj V1+78+W 5E Y%R 5 AYR^;$ e.W 5E 7UJJM.'eRL>W '78 5 e:U7ZRW
X ++
t D66
+787 5 C= E8E a+ E5 V 5 Az>78; 5 t+M 5 %I1 4`4 : 5 Wi^RWi(:G.:GRL;$67U;'>MXVIY%RF]FM'eS+7RW
+787 5 ; 5 :8. 5 C 465 W 5 eLT 5 5 ;$+W 5%E :878:876 E8E +787 5 V 5 Y%R 5 5 787G`]JY%R
+M'^]`7 5 L; 5 :8] 5E e 1+ E Wi E M.: 5%E ; 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NVY%R`:8+7UJRW:8]+78W<.e 5 e 5 78WiMXC
? E8E 5 W) 5 7G:8W<+e%: 5 W0R.:8 E 1>_+ E eT 5 ];$>Y%R; 5 C 5E :87 W 5E V 5 7)g$>W)M 5 Vd;$
Y%R 5 A +W<.:G EGE RWi-W<+e E +W;$z>7G7 5 VZ EGE E8E i 5 7)+.Wi&;->;$>''e 1M'';&
5 e%:G'e%RL E8E J 5 W<eM. E C
f 7U E8EG5 Vk;$+1+W 5E +1 .:870YR 5 AU9>Rz';+e%:G +73RW>7G7 5 C +1+W 5E E p
t> >7#+ E W<+e%: 5%E :UW0L]>W78 E +;+K E Y%R E T 5 .e 1M''; E ;$>1+W 5%E _+>7 5
:G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;$+787 5 ; E *v; 5 78 E8E E +;$+K E C dW 5E V^+e%:UT 5 V^:G+e%:U7}';+e%:G +7
Y%R EÈ T 5)5E + E5%E +WY%RJRWii>;$>'0 5 ;$7 5 1 5 >7FRW>7G7 5 M.]+g K 5 C
78.W<+'7U;$>M' E ]Y%Re; 5 :G>e:UW 5E 'eKK7 5 7GN 5 e9>+.W<+e%: 5 ;$RW: 5 +e

;$>7UW 5 pre 5%E 5 WRW+7U:G>7G<Y%R#eT 5 + E 5 W e>e9 RWi; E g$78 E8E E ;$+p
E W<+e%: 5 ;$ e'; E C>1>W 5%E Vk>e%:8T 5 VZ E8E 7 EG5 78 5E +78 :8+78 E ;&+e%:G7U;&:G]Y%R
}~= XX # # 7= ^gcà p0 4%5

+eL 5 e%:87G>W 5%E RWY%RJ 5%EGE E >7aR$:G'M.'_>; 5 e RW> E W<+e%: 5 C fZ5 7F+g$+W<M 5 V E :8.1+78W 5E
+;$+K eJ>e:878;V 5 A;$>1`78> 5 e9N+7 5 : 5 >e ^L7U7
5 >e 5 e:8787 5 7G'W<+'7 5 nj Cd=<78Ig$.Wi0g$>+RS+T 5 ; 5 AdV$:8+W 5E RW+787 5 V 5 E oj eLT 5
'e'+'e+e9 RW;$78T 5 ;$z> E W<+e%: 5 Cz +1+W 5E V>e%:8T 5 VRM'7: 5 ;&+;$+K:8]Y%R
RW+78 :8+781IM.K; 5E vi+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 Ve 5 + E5 z E C 78Ig$.Wi<g$NRS>T 5 78: 5 78e 5
: 5 >e C
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,oq-
!0
i i
Ou
Z +(F -,"x ) X /.10+Z oq
f 7U`';+e%:G +7 EGE k:8. 5 ;@+787 5 78+W 5E5 + E W<+e%: 5 ;d: 5 ; E E >;$>' E 5 78Wi; E
5 7d+78 :8+78 E Y%RèLT 5 .eKKWe+e9 RWi(g$78 E8E T 5 ;a> E W<+e%: 5 78(+;$+K E 1M'K; E C

f 7U# EGEG5 V 5 M'9W 5%E E +g$7G EGEG E R E ; E eze 5E8E #;$ e'S>T 5 01+W 5E Y%R 5%E : 5 +e E
m l f@E ; eK; 5%E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G E 'eKKW E +W<78J 5 7>

m
RW<<M':878
RW; .: 5 m

RW7U:G+78 E E t>+' E 5 W qpsr tvuw
5
<>
+ m
RW E S 5<5 R};$+M''W).:8; 5 7^;M.'e9C

xE
E8E 'W}Vd;$ e.78+W 5%E RWi+g$7G EGE T 5 Y%R+ E 5 W E >;$>' E 'e 1IM.K; E C fZ5 ;$+W 5%E
;$ e'7>V$>e:UT 5 V 5 : 5 +e}YRbU9WiW 5%E & 5 W 5
F yyU)EQl=Ul 6UlVl6o%%lQl l%+l 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBEDD

\ l?sl l l
_ lblQl
d ly?l
e l%{l
g lEl
h
i llbll
k
Frq ll ?ll
FuF l?l
Fr\ lBl
Fr_ l?`l
F|d l l
Fre l } l
Frg l l
Fh l?fl
Fri l l
Frk
\uq llbR ll
\F l%$l
\u\ ltl
\u_ lb l
\d lb K l
\ue lb%H:l
\ug lb%al
\h {Uf
\ui }
5 t+7U; 5 7 zR$:8.M''_>; 5 e E8E g$78 E8E T 5 7G>7G E >e%:8J78+t:GKS+T 5 t+M 5 W<+e 5%E RWi1+_C
? R$:G'M'._NW l7Uz.e;'>7Y%R 5 > E W<+e%: 5 ]) +.: 5 Y%Re; 55 +7U:G>7G
5E(5}5 t+7U; 5 7
;3+e%:G7U;3eT 5 E :83e 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ eK; 5 +e%:G78 5%E 5 MKU9:8 E C j V$'e;V RW 7 5 M'+Wi
78 E +7[78 EG5 M'1%K; 5 CBO-Y%R 5 : 5 >e x E >787G+: 5 7Ge; 5 e 5 7GWiM'W<+e%:G67U
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G Q X 's
i i
o àà(BZ)*àd*<a
5 m Y%R<:8+7UY%Ri:G7U:UprM 5 VB7 5 1I1+M'W<+e%:G)'e;$K+eL; 5 RW+787 5E .e%:8:GK 5 VvY%Ri EGE

: 5 >e)eLT 5 78>+FeL7UWi:8'>CkY%RY%R>7G>W 5E ]Y%R 5 A}:878:G^ EGE `+787 5 +W<H:8.eL; 5
RWibW<>e E >W;$>Y%R;(YR(0+;+K.e 1M'K; E *v3.e 5 7U;VeT 5 U9>e; 5 5 m C
xE 1
{b1 o
f 7U0 E8E5 V;$ e.78+W 5E -eT 5 5 W 5 RW VWi E V E .W}V 5 W 5
RW bCa A+7U; 5 t+M 5 %I1 4`4 .7U:G7U:U7# EGE }:G' 5 ;$: 5 +e
|ND o & AC DQ

;$iWie+'78 E t>KMXC?@M.#eLT 5 ]i E8E ; 5 78 5 m VWi E ]#7GWi_++eL; 5 i.7UL78p
>70eL178'I1+M ; 5 78Ig 'W 5 : 5 >eBC f[5 70+g$+W<M 5 Vke 5 + EG5 ;+;$+K
jjjlkmk*jj V 5 A'7GKi78> 5 e9N+7RW: 5 +e E t>+'M jjjvk}k*jj YR3eT 5 ]
EGE ; 5 5 m V$;$> 5 E V 5 : 5 +e & Y%R:G+WRWi37G+ +7I+e+'b 5 : 5 >e# E LNKMLe
E R)1I7GKI1>M ND o AMC D C
^M']+W ; E8E5 VP7GN E W 5E _+>7( 5 W Y%R 5 A2>W).:8zRWi#W<>e E >W ;)>7G7 5 <Y%R
5 e%:G7 5 M' 5 =H
e W)>7 5 : 5 :8M ;F>7G7 5E M.]+g$' 5E +e 5 e%:G7U; 5E C f 7U^ EGEG5 V 5 I1 4`4 L>7GW<.:G`Y%R
J+;(g$78 E8E T 5 ;$^> E W<+e%: 5 EGEG5 '+W 5E RWLN;S 5 ;^$;$' 5 I1(Y%R`]`g$>+R$:8; 5
+;a1>_dY%R 5 5 7G78ZRW\+ E W<>e: 5 C D +78+W 5E VN+e%:8T 5 VI E >R'e%:Gd;$ eKS+T 5 VNY%R6 5 W<M':U
e 5%EGEG5 Ad
F R& 9 :&Q= 6K =A%;

^ G :: ;^PYQQv Z L%;^ R 9:;%<:=?>=A@CBED
\
_
d yyU)EQl=Ul 6UlVl6o%%lQl l%+l
e l?sl l l
g lblQl
h
i ll%{y?ll
k
Frq ll Ell
FuF lbl
Fr\ l l
Fr_ l ?l
F|d l?l
Fre lBl
Frg l?`l
Fh l l
Fri l } l
Frk
\uq ll?fll
\F l l
\u\ l l
\u_ lbRl
\d %l $l
\ue ltl
\ug lb l
\h lb K l
\ui lb%H:l
\uk lb%al
_uq {Uf
_F }
_u\ %6^ KG >B G ::/B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE ZbHG lf ZbH n JK ^ K : G =b>B< G%K H[ ZbH6G yE{Af
_u_
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,o
!<q$"
i i
-,"x X /.10
Ou
Z +(F ) +Z o
_d l p=Y ^ : <Sa; lf Z >=Q< G {

_ue LQ; JQHK G v%::;%:ff H Z&[ K Z?H JQH[
_ug
_h ] b Qb6Q&%/
_ui lbl lyy)lb llb%:llbll { lb llb%:l
_uk H H }
dq % 6^ >B ::/B|n: Y y?lE lf n ^ : =b>B< yE{Af
dF K G G ZbHK H l ZbHG : <cZbHLQ; JK^ = K G =^PG%=AK H [ ZbH6lG f >=Q< {
d\ LQ; JQHK G v%::;%:ff K ZbH H K HKtN H Z G
d_
dud
de
dg
o ? D VNYR6 5 ;$ e';JeJMK E8E C'A6 D6 V+
$;$' 5 E8EG5 +'; 5 5 : 5 >e E LNKMBW 5%E :878iiW<>e E >W;$b>7G7 5 b'e78+W<>e:Ui
1 8nAs8 tV$W 5E :G7U;)e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GC

178'I1+M 5 7kW)> 5 ; E >S>T 5
x ;

;$ eKS+T 5 ; 5 : 5 +e< E t>KM.e 5 78 5 78:8W3t]+W 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;$`RW E +Re; 5 :G' 5
;$6+787 5 M']g$K 5 VIK;$+e%:8 >; 5 L>M 5 : 5 +e E t>KM CG?dM' 5 5 7G78dY%Re; 5 RWi
5 e E :8e%:8 E :G78.e0]'eKK;z RWi)+;+Kb'e'+';b 5 7a E % V Wi E eT 5 :G+78W<.eL3e%:8 E ; 5
eM@;M'.e9LC= E8E #> EG5 Vy:8+W)p E iRW +787 5 M']g$' 5 VB 5 E eT 5 g$ E :G#> E W<+e%: 5 1M'K; 5
5E8E 1>M{Cz? EGE > E W<+e%: 5 ]; eK; 5 V>e:UT 5 Ve 5 : 5 +e E LNKM@ 5 W 5E +e; 5 Y%RM'Y%R>7
+;$+K0.eKK;0 5 7 E 3J:8+78W<.e;0 5 7^RW W;$M'.e9LC
3.6 Arquivos-fonte do compilador

=`L'ea;$@; 5 ~èM 5 ; E ;^>;$.: 5 78J Q7SXS=TVU6WXWYXYXYZ)[\&]^S7_`_=abS7\d^Z`\fNZg7dWa7\Y=[h=\Xâci@Z
TXQXTV 5 eJ .W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 ; 5 5 W<.p
M'+.: 5 7d+eL 5 e%:87878 : 5 ; 5%Ed5%E 7UY%R.1 5E p{ 5 e%:GF7G>M':G'1 5E
MK; 5 7`7U m~Jxx0Cd= 5< eM;b+;i+ :8RM 5 VRWi E NS+T 5 5 W 5 E :8i;$ E +7G>1Y%R EÈ T 5
5E 78Y%R'1 5%E 78+MK:8.1 5E VJ Y%R>M.> :GRM 5 b 5 W 5 ;$>1+W E >7`R E ; 5E C
= 5E Rt;$'78:G7G 5 92 4 Q9

VF>e 5 e%:G7Up E 5 7UY%R.1 5 L=ozzG 88 V6Y%R} 5 e%:8]+W
;$ eKS+T 5 ; 5 A E :8R;; 5 e E :8-+ :GRM 5 C f 7U,>78778'W)>.7U,1+7 E T 5 ; 5 e 5%EGEG5
5 W<.MK; 5 7NV 5 M'+.: 5 7^;$+1(+g$>R:87 5%EÈ >R'e%:G E 5 WieL; 5E
`^T X WT^di_&dKX^&]7^`X`h=^[XM7XZ3X

^&]7^ \fTbh&_&d \fTbh=_&d_&di7b\[ ~ Z } ^di_&d7_[_&d^&S7\&d
\T d:b=QXS ` } c ~XX}S X[:b=`d\i iS_fi [:`@Z
\T d:b=QXS ` } ~XX} __gEX^cb[ [:`|Z
S T_ X^&]7^`X` YbS=Q[\^&dX=f_[7SiX\&dQ_7hT
_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_h=^[7M 7XeZ6XRZZZ
bh&_
\&_[XXXd d=d\&dZ X^&]7^ aX\X_i[\&S_ b&iSZ_bhXh`d_X^&S7_\[_eZ
bh&_ ^&di_ `_TXS:b\[Z6X^]7^ a7\X_i[\S_ b=iS Z _bhXh`d_=^&S_\[_OZ
bh&_
\&_[Z6X^&]^ a7\=_i[\&S_ b=iS Z _bh=h`d_X^&S_\[_eZ
bh&_ Q bfTch&_ Q^&d SXd_&^f1Z3=^]^ a7\=_i[\&S_ b=iS{ Z _bhXh`d_X^&S7_\[_eZ
^&dci_&d_[_&d^&S_&ai:`X`_iXi&hXh Z
`^T X X^&]7^`T^&di_&dWXh=^[7M Z6=^&]^
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!<q
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
78.W<+'7 5 7 5 + E8E 5 7UY%R.1 5 5 W-;$ e'S>T 5 ; 5 e 5%EGEG5 A+7U 5E 7UYR.1 5E
C'A #: 5 ; E E

5 W 5 $;$' 5 I1&; 5 m ; 5 AdVdM']+W;$M'Re E)5 R$:G7 5E 7UY%R.1 5E R$g$'M.K78 E C2
E +Re; 5 5 Wie; 5 5 W<'M'&MK E8E +M' EGE E Y%R+MKR$:G'M'._NC 465 W 5
78 E RMH:U; 5 V 5 $:G]>W)p E 5 7UYR.1 5 L=
L-Y%R 5 ;$ E +7#+g NR$:U; 5 R$:8.M''_>eL; 5 RWi
WiY%R'e)1 .7G:GRMBI1C
? E8E }78'W)>.7U1>7 E T 5 ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7 I

E5 W<+e%:G<M #}+e%:G7U;VBK;$+e%:G > 5%E : 5 >e E
W 5E :G7Up 5E e E ;pr;$7UT 5 C?dM'++.:8 5 PS+T 5 .)$ {VaY%R}7GN;$R_Y%Re%:GK;;$;$
'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 W 5%E :878;CkM'+.: 5 7d 5 ;$`+g$L>7G'W<+e%:87 5 7 5 7UWiVR:G'M.'_>e; 55 7 5 7UWi
+8VZ 5 M 5 +; 5 e 5 ;$.78:878 5
!19Lz;}L'e};$; 5 ~èM 5 ; E(5 RBV[.eL;V[ 5 W 5
7 5 78W< c*
.6
. L8G"8Y%R 5 e%:G]>WM'Re E +787 5%E M']g$K 5%E
`^T X X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7=iQ\&dXS ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_7Wg:b[7SXd_&_eZ
7X \fTbh=_d_di7b\[ } Z ~X=
_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X_OZ ZZZ
`&h=îXi `&h=îXi }
gb[XSXd_X_ $ M^ ~
6
`&h=îXi `&h=îXi }
a7^&S7^ $ ^ ~
6
b[7S b'[7S }
ab^ $ M^ ~

f:_i $ M^ ~

^[\ $ M^ ~
Z=ZXZ
SXd_=_T7d:b[XS Q$ M^ ~
=~
b[7ES `\[:iS^[7S ~
=

d_&S&7d=[ d7_&S=7d=[ ~X
b[7ES `\[:iS^[7S ~

\
d\Xd^fi:`X`_i=i&chXh ^[^Xh 7_=aeZ
`^T X X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7 RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_7Wg:b[7SXdX_X_c_d=d\ch=_ b&`\eZ \XS
a b[_ [7]^7hbaiSXd:b'[77\X[7a U
a b[_ } [7]^XhbaiS=d:b[77\X[a U
a b[_ }X S=d:b[7`\[:iS^[XSQî^ # [VU h=_f_[7S\=^_ b=iS_
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

"
!<q/
i i
Captulo 4
Anlise Sinttica
=^ E :8<> :GRM 5 5 W<NS+78+W 5%E # E :8R;7 5 5 7US>T 5 b; 5 5 W<'MK; 5 7>VyY%R3] 5 eM..p
E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 CiO\+M'#Y%R+W eM. E 5 7 5 78W< 5 e%:8i)1+78 + E < E :8iL>7:8+e+ 5 R
eT 5 J M'.eR+W;$ E v;C-O\:UW0L]>W E #L7U E ;$+Wi E E E ; 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NV
5 W 5 eM. E E >Wie%:GK+-->78S+T 5 ;$$;$' 5 VkW<N;$'e%:G}- 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+C[= E :G> :GRM 5 1>7G>W 5EkEG5 W<+e%:G 5%E E t> : 5E 78+MK+ 5 e; 5E J eLM' E E 'e%:8:GK+
7 5 78KW<+e%:G);$.:8C) 7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$)+787 5E < 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;781 5 7G E 'e:U:8'> E +7UT 5
:G7U:U; 5%E e 5E > :GRM 5EÈ +R'e:8 E C
?kg$ E :G>W ;$'1+7 E E :8]>e'> E L7U E z.W<M'+W<+e%:U73RWeM' E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 CdW 5%E
Y%R6e 5E 5 eL+e%:8787e%RW<:G]>+eK+U9Wi;};$;$ E >e;$+e%:8#7GNR7 E .1Cz? E8E }:8]>+e'>
]# E :Ue%:G E 'W<M. E #PLg
1+MXC}O\:8W3t]+W +.>e:8#e 5&E +e%:8'; 5 ;$Y%RRWeM' E ; 5 7
E .e%:8:GK 5 5 e E :87GR ; 5 R E e; 5 E8E ^:G]>+eK+:G+eL;$F E +7[78'; 5 5 eM. E 77 5 7UWi E C l e.p
KM'W<+e%:G3.78+W 5E E :GR;7J 5 WWi E +RK;; 55 Y%R3])eLM' E 3;$ E ++e;$>e%:Gb78>+R7 E '1IC
+ 5 E 1>7G>W 5E 5 W 5 'W<M'+W<+e%:87@RWeLM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:8' 5 ;$ E >e;$>e:8`7GNR7 E .1 5 R:G.p
M'._Ne; 5<5 %I1I 4`4 C
4.1 Anlise sinttica descendente recursiva

(;<RWiJA 4 VLieM' E E .e%:8:GK+< E N;<e E8E #JA 4 5 ;$ E +7 E ++e;+e%:G 5 R}; E p
>e;$>e:8C)^W eM' E ; 5 7J E +eL;$+e%:G)7GRL 5EJEG W0 5 M 5%E ;>e%:G7U;z7Ui 5 7GWi7 5%E
EG W0 5 M 5%E eT 5 :G>7GW<'e E Wi E ;$ E :8e%:G E ; 5-EG W3 5 M 5 .e'+'MF;-JA 45 RYR E :8T 5 +W
e 1> E 'e$ >7G 5 78 E e} E :87GR:GR7U;}M'.eR+W}C%}eeLM' E i;$ E >e;$+e%:8V[7G:G+p E i; 5
EG W0 5 M 5 'e'+'Md;JA 4 iR E +p E 0K;$+e%:8 >7e>e:878; E 5 e E :G78RS E Y%Ri 5 7G78 E p
5 e;$>W JE 7 5 ;$RLS E ;#JA 4 C
^W H
eM. E ; 5 7Z;$ E ++e;$>e%:Ga7GNR7 E .1 5 R$:8.M'._NJ E8E M.:G'WiJ E :G7U:G]>KCB?@M.`]Ù9W<; 5
;$78>+R7 E '1 5 V 5 E i+; E W3 5 M 5 eT 5 :8+78W)'eM;#JA 4 5 7G78 E 5 e;$(RWi) ReS>T 5 5 R
7 5 >;.W<+e%: 5 V 5 R0W<]: 5 ; 5 [78>+R7 E '1IV7G E 5 e E I1+M% 5 7k1+78 +7 E `(+e%:G7U;`G+ E 6 5 W
) E :G78R$:GR78<;YR+M'(eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXC
dW 5E : 5 Wi7^ 5 W 5 g$+W<M 5 )7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 1 E :8)e 5 > :GRM 5 $
"
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!<q
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
^Wii>e:878;iY%R3> E b 5 W E8E <7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 ;$>1b'eKK7Gp E 5 W#>;$>'

L VPY%R
1>W E >RK;;3RWK;$+e%:8 >; 5 7>VP 5 ;$b:8+7JRW 8
03RWK;$+e%:8 >; 5 7 3:G>7GW<'e
5 W 5 5 78 5 ;-+M' EGE Vk78+78 E +e%:U; 5 e-7 5 ;$RS+T 5 t+M 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eML C= 5
eLM' E ; 5 7 ;$ E ++e;+e%:G<78>R7 E .1 5 V 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G0z E8E 7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ;+1>7GK
+e%:UT 5

1+78 +7 E 5 7GIg$'W 5 : 5 >e;z>e%:G7U;z] C m ) 5 7NV;$>1i 5 e%:G'e%RL7 5 W
eM' E C m 0eT 5 5 7NVLRW>7G7 5#E .e%:8:GK 5z5 5 787G>RBV 5 E i+e%:G7U;ieT 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$
J 7 5 ;$RS>T 5 E L>78; m
1+78 +7 E 5 78Ig$.W 5 : 5 +e&] G
XC m 0 5 7>VB;+1< 5 e%:G'e%RL7J 5 W zeM' E C m

eLT 5 5 7>VLRW +787 5#E .e%:U:GK 5i5 5 787G>RBV 5 E i>e:878;<eT 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ J 7 5 ;$RS>T 5
E t+7U; m

1+78 +7 E 5 7GIg$'W 5 : 5 >e<] 8& : C m eT 5 5 7NV;$>1^ 5 e%:G'e R7@eM' E V 5 E
EGE #L7G:G0;7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ] 5 P 5 eM{C m 3 5 7NVB;$+131+78 >7 E 5 : 5 >e E +R.e%:G0]
RW G
XC
m ) 5 7>VB;$>1< 5 e:8.e R7( 5 W }eLM' E C m <eT 5 5 7>VyRW +787 5E 'e%:8:GK 5
5 5 787G>RBV 5 E )>e:878;0eT 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ J 7 5 ;RS+T 5 m
E t+7U;
1+78 +7 E 5 78 E : 5 ;i+e%:G7U;i 5 7878 E 5 e;$ 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM

L

C l E8E5 eLT 5

] +.: 5 ;$'7G+:8W)>e%:Gt+M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 V Wi E V E 'W}V .e 1 5 >e; 535 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G
J Y%R+M'JeT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM{C
\+;31+_JY%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 e>+ E8E .:8);$(RW: 5 >ez;0+e%:878;V +M'J.e 1 5 > 5 A@VY%R
M'9J 5 78e>+ 5 : 5 +eBC D +7 W 5%E M' 5<E >W)>M.9Le%:G 5 7 5 78WibC'"C
F p ; Z&[ QL YQ=^^ [G LQYy{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/BED

\
_ Z a-y3=L J :Q=Y ; j6vCG&yEH {B K %n G ``tR%RAL =?>{T=tRQR K B ; j6L G&H:;LQ;&:: G&H: KGL mlULQY%;%=p^; ^l ;
d H G N J j6G&H G G&O6GPH K j6GUH
e G Y^ G = Lb::;%:yE{ RRt;LQ;%:: ::;S^
g ZbHK K6Z G&J
G ZbHK%K6Z LQ;
h Z a-y3=L J :Q=Y ; j6vCG&yEH {B K %n G `ÀU{TRR K ; j6G&H LQ;&:: G&HKG Z&[GUHK6Z a Z L%= [ ;%:
i H G
k G Y^ G = Lb::;%:yE{
Frq ZbHK K6Z
FuF Z a-y3L J :Q; j6G&H B K %n G ``TQQ66{PRR K ; j6G&H LQ;%:: GUHKG l G v KG&H[ ^l
Fr\ = H =Y G vCyE{
Fr_
F|d Z ay = L J=:Y vC; j6yEG&{H B K %n G ``Mb{XRR K ; jG&H Z&[G&HK6Z a Z L%= [ ;&:
Fre H G
Frg G Y^ G = LU:Q:;%:CyE{
Fh ZbHK K6Z
Fri L%YQ=^^ ; CyE{
Frk O [
\uq
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

/
!<qo
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z /
Oo D H MH:8.W AAMCD [ C
o C'AEHD o C Vo D
17GKI1>M 5 e:8]+W E +W<78 5 5 : 5 +e;+1 5 M.1 K; 5 t+M 5 A
5E )'e%1 5 +7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 v 5%EGE R 5 : 5 >e- 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G< 5
o C'AcB H< V
78.W<>.7 5EG W0 5 M 5 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G6^ E8E deT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM{VNe 5 + EG5 V 5 : 5 +ebY%RF;$+16 5 7G78 E p
J 7
L CZ?
o D
5 e;$>7 MKI1 78` EGE 5 M :8'>b]^Wie:8';b 5 U9LWi7Gp E 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
5 E v 5%EGE R 5 : 5 +eY%R;$>1#> E 73 5 W 5 .e 5 ;7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 ;Y%R+M'
eT 5 :8+78W<.eM{C
O'W) 5 7G:8e%:Gê 5 :87@Y%R 5 : 5 >eiM.K; 5 eL+e%:G7U; E >7G1FL7UJ.e;'>76Y%RM 5 >W<.e9 5

E +7 E >RK; 5 e 5 7GN 5 e9>+.W<+e%: 5 ; 5E 7GIg$'W 5E : 5 >e E C[W<b1+_ YRRW : 5 >e0 5 LM'K; 5
;+e%:G7U;<)+ E ; 5 5 WM.RW E W3 5 M 5 ;$0RWi#7 5 ;$RS>T 5 VLeT 5 9# 5 W 5 78:G7 5 N;$+7NV
+ E5 M'RW : 5 +e 5E :G+78 5 7aeT 5 5 W3'e 5 W)7 5 ;RS+T 5 E 5 M'9K;C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V$e
7 5 ;$RS+T 5
hclassdecli class00 ident00 hclassbodyi |

class00 ident00 extends00 ident00 hclassbodyi
E 3R$:8.M'._N78W 5E 5 : 5 >e&;$)+e%:G7U; 078i_+>7 5 + E W<+e%: 5 5 W#7G'W<+'787 5 p

;$RS>T 5 V+e%:UT 5 :G>7G>W 5E E 5 M'9'; 5bE >R'7d E8E J7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 V^>e%:G7U; E YR^ 5%EGE RW 8

G
èLT 5
5 ;$>78T 5#E >7`7GN 5 e9>+'; E Cd?eM 5 W)>e%:GV E E 5 M.9+78W 5%E E >Re;<7 5 p
;$RS>T 5 VeT 53E +7UT 5 ++.:8 E >;$>' E@E +W 8& : ^G &c{C fZ5 7G:8e%: 5 V78> E W 5E :G+7FRK;; 5
5 W E 7 5 ;$RS E Y%RJR$:G'M.'_>W 5E e< 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;$JRWeM' E ; 5 7a;$ E >e;$>e:8J7GNR7Gp
E .1 5 C
E 7UWi:GK+ E Y%R0 5 ;$>W E >7R$:8.M''_>; E e 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$3RW eM. E ; 5 7^; E +ep
;$>e:8378>+R7 E '1 5#E T 5 U9Wi; E ;$0AA@"N C78.W<+'7 5 A E .e +iM' :(: 5 7G'9%:0.eL;$'>
Y%RJbM'+.:GR7U0;b+e%:878;b] +.:8);0 E YR+7U;7800;$'78+.:8C@ E +Re; 5 A E .e +3M.+ :
M'.eN7J<.eL;$'>}YR E +W<78 5}EG W3 5 M 5 eT 5 :G+78W<.eLMkY%R< E :G'1+7JWi E yJ E YR+7U; E +7U
78> 5 e9NK; 5 78.W<>.7 5 CJ? 5 XH
e W<+7 5 "0.e;'>zY%R 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ; EG W0 5 M 5%E ;0M 5 5 9N;
eN E8E 78 5%E ]i"V 5 R E *vVLY%R E b 5 e9>++e; 5 L>e E RW EG W0 5 M 5 ;<>e%:G7U;<] 5E8E 1>M
;$NK;$.70YR)7 5 ;$RS>T 5 R$:8.M'._N7NC#=}7 5 ;$RS>T 5 .:8; E >7GKW e> EGE 78 5E :G7 I EbEG W0 5 M 5%E
78 E ;$NK;$'7Y%RMy7 5 ;$RS>T 5 R$:G'M.'_>7>C
f 7URg 'M''7 e 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$)RW eLM' E ; 5 7 ;$ E ++e;+e%:G)7GNR7 E .1 5 VP 5E :GRWM'378>;$.:G'1CZ? E8E J:Ut+MKb 5E8E RRWibM''e9bL7U+;eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
;3JA 4 RWib 5 M'ReL7U+;J:G>7GW<'eMXC m `:G'1>7GW 5%Ed5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 :8+78W)'eM
Ve, 5E 'S>T 5 ;+1>W 5E 5 M 5 +7zYRLM]-,7 5 ;RS+T 5 YR-;$>1+W 5%E R$:G'M'._N7 E V
5 :G>e%:878W 5E
Aa
78> 5 e9N+7 Vy>e 5 e%:G7U78W 5%E eL>e:878; 5}EG W3 5 M 5 C fZ5 7(+g$+W<M 5 V E
:G'1>7GW 5%E
S aSAb | bAa
A bAb | c
:G>7G>W 5E E >R'e%:G(:8L>M')78>;H:8.1
D +78W<.eL E
= T 5 p{:8+78W)'eM
a b c
S S aSAb S bAa
A A S bAb Sc
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!<q
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
E 5%E KS E 1_>' E e,:Ut+MK,'e;$K+W Y%R& EGE :8+78W)'eMeT 5 5 ;$7GN>7ie 5

'e + 5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM{C m `:G'1>7GW 5%E W< E ; 5 Y%R^RWiJ7 5 ;$RS+T 5 +WM'RWi( 5%E KS+T 5 ;
:8L>M'V>e%:8T 5 0JA 4 eT 5 5 ;$ E >7@R E ;beb 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$^RW eLM' E ; 5 7d;$ E >e;$>e:8
78>R7 E .1 5 5 WRW HeK 5bEG W0 5 M5 ;M 5%5 9N;yC[sR.:8 E 1>_+ E V 5 78]+W}V 5 ;$>W 5%E MH:8+7U7
iJA 4 ;$( 5 78Wi))>M.'W<.e7` E8E E 7 5 M'+Wi E V E >WMH:8+7U7`)M.'eRL>W >78;C
^W\+ E5 : ' 5 ;$d7 5 M.>W< E 5 5 e E :G78R'7a:Ut+MK`78>;$.:G'1`]d78+MK:G'1 5 KJ I

^g$ E : >eK
;$}78>R7 E T 5 J E Y%R>78;C l E8E5 5 e%:GNzY%Re; 5 V@78-M'RW eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM VZ:G+W 5%E
VW<N;$'e%:G-M'K+S>T 5 ;$-RWi 5 RWi E 7 5 ;$RS E C l EGEG5E .e +Y%R

B
7:8.7(;$ 5 ;$>W 5E +7U7 RWii 5 78Wi E +e%:G>eKM+W Y%R 5 7G78 5 7GN3 5 W 5
78.W<>.7 5bE W3 5 M 5 C l e%:GR.:G'1W<+e%:8^]`+.ML1>7G +7dY%R^ EGEG5 +R E J7 5 M'+Wi E C 5 :8+e%:87
78> 5 e9N+7 V 5 m ;$ E ++e;+e%:Gi78>+R7 E '1 5 .e 1 5 > 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8< 5 eT 5 p
:G>7GW<'eMXC^ M.9e; 5 78 5 : 5 >e;i+e%:878;V$ EGE W<]: 5 ; 5 5 ;$b E 5 M'9+7`RW>W<.e9 5
Y%R)M.>10 5 L78>'W<+e%: 5 ;$ 5 R$:G7 5 V E >W Y%R3e>e9 RW: 5 >e:G>e9 E K; 5 5 e E RW<K; 5
u 5 Y%Ri>7U :8+78._N#7GNR7 E T 5 ,J E Y%R+7U;C l E8E5 _< 5 W Y%R 5 W< E W 5 +W<'e9 5}E v
E +R'; 5 V 5 Y%RJ1yM'+17Fe 5 1IW<+e%:GJ 5 R$:87 5 V$ EGE .W 5 7a;'e:8C l E8E5 _ 5 WY%R 5
m t+78WieNS+0e%RW<<78>+R7 E T 5 'e e.:8V E >W 5 e E RW<.7è>e9 RW: 5 +eBC
Q7GNR7 E T 5 J E Y%R>78; 5 ;$^L78>>7[;.78:U 5 R).e;.78:UW<+e%:GC?@M'J]`;$'7G+:8Y%Re; 5

:G>W 5E VI.eL;$.78:UVY%ReL; 5 C+M'.W<'eS>T 5 ;^7GNR7 E T 5 .e;.78:U
B B B A B
5 ; E >7y E :8e%:Gd 5 W<M.K+;akeT 5Ê >786:G7U:U;aYR{C[,+M'.W<'eS>T 5 ;a78>+R7 E T 5 ;$'7G+:8V
5 7 5 R:G7 5 MK; 5 V ] E 'W<M' E 5 ; E >7`7G E5 M.1 K;0; E +R'e:8JW<e+'7U
;.1 K;$+W)p E d E 7 5 ;RS E ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM +W; 5 EBE Rt 5 ev*Re: 5E B V

; E 7 5 ;$RS E Y%RèT 5 5%EGE R+W7GNR7 E T 5 J E YR+7U;( {1 , ..., E n }
V;
7 5 ;$RS E 5 W78>R7 E T 5 "J E YR+7U; m {B1 , ..., Bm }
>M.'W<.eLW)p E E 7 5 ;$RS E ;$ m

;$K 5 eW0p E b E 7 5 ;$RS E V 5 eL;$ * ]3RW e 5 1 5#E W3 5 M 5
eLT 5 :G>7GW<'eMXVY%RJeT 5
B 1B
t+7G:G>eK J0
| ... | B 0
78Wi:GK+ n m

;$K 5 eW0p E Z EBE +R.e%:G E 7 5 ;RS E 7U C B | ... | | B | ... | B C
0
1 m 1
0
m
0
465 W E8E a7 5 >;.W<+e%: 5 V:87 5 +W)p E ` E 78>R7 EG E|J E Y%R+7U; 5 7d7GNR7 EG E|J ;.78+.:8V
Y%RêT 5bE T 5 7 5 M'+Wi:8'> E 78eM' E ^;$ E ++e;$>e%:G^78>+R7 E '1ICW+g >W<M 5 +M' EGE K 5
;$>M.'W<.eS+T 5 ;$78>+R7 E T 5 J E Y%R+7U;0]7U0)78W<:GK+
expression expression + term |

expression term |
term
term term f actor |
term/f actor |
f actor ident | constant | (expression)
^M'K+eL; 5 )+M'.W<'eS>T 5 ;$ E 78H:UV :8+7 W 5%E
expression term | term expression0

expression0 term | + term | term expression0 | + term expression0
term f actor | f actor term0
term0 f ator | /f actor | f actor term0 | /f actor term0
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

o
!<qq
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z o
R$:G7 5 W 5 ; 5 ;W 5 ;$ +7iRWi,JA 4 L7U-Y%R} 5E8E E +7<R E ;e RW eM' E ; 5 7
;$ E ++e;$>e%:G78>+R7 E '1 5 ]z_>+e; 5 &: 5 78S+T 5 J E Y%R+7U;-;Y%R>M' E 7 5 ;$RS E ;RW
W< E W 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM^YR: >WRW I 78 g 5 +W 5 W3RW}C O 5 + E5 ; 5 +g >W<M 5 1 E : 5
e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8
hclassdecli class00 ident00 hclassbodyi |

class00 ident00 extends00 ident00 hclassbodyi
m (: 5 7U78W 5%E J E Y%R+7U;V:8+78+W 5E )7 5 ;RS+T 5 Y%RJR E W 5E eiJA 4 ;0M''eR>W
++
X
R}eiJA 4 ; E +g 7G EGEG E V:8+7 W 5E
expression term expression0

expression0 term [expression0 ] | + term [expression0 ] |
term f actor term0
term0 f actor [term0 ] | /f actor [term0 ] |
7G'W<+'781 E :8V 5 ;$F7GN+7+.M$>MKRMK7Z^:Ut+MK(7GN;$.:G'1I(;$FRWi(JA 4 C n E :8

5 M'97JY%R EJE T 55E : 5 >e E Y%Ri.e'+'W E 7 5 ;$RS E ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM # 5 M 5 >7(e
M'.e9Lz;$ VyeL 5 M.Re;$ EGE E : 5 >e E Vy E 7 5 ;$RS E Y%R0+M' E 'e'+'W}C fZ5 7G]>WVP+g E :G+W
;$'1>7 E EaE H:8RS E YR 5 ;$>W 5 W<M.K+7a E8E 0:87G+CZk*vW 5E M'Re E ;$ E8E E + E5%E
E `:8+W 5E V +e%:8T 5 ]`7GN E5bE t+76YRL EdE T 55E : 5 +e E Y%R.eKKW E
7 5 ;$RS E ;
B A|
C
7Ui;$>+';.7JY%RM7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 R:G'M.'_>7>C`? EGE E H:8RS>T 5 5 ;$
E 7 5 7>V%RWi)1+_Y%R \
5 ;$>W:UW3t]+W E 'eKK7^ 5 WeT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E m
E d:8+W 5E V7GN E W 5EBE t+7 E V.C'C'C 5 ;$>W\+7U7+;$+K
1_+KC m ^ EGEG5
B A 15 A ...An+a
e%:G2>++7NV e%:UT 55 : 5 >e :8W3t]+WA;$+1 1 A
E >n
7dR$:G'M'._N; 5 78J;$NK;$'7
Y%RMB7 5 ;$RS+T 5 ; R:G'M.'_>7 'm
E k:8+W 5E VI+e%:8T 5 3;$+1 E >7 5 e E ';+7U; 5 5 W 5 RW: 5 +e
Y%R);$+1
AE + aBb; B
7R:G'M.'_>; 5 78#;>K;$'7t+MKi7 5 ;$RS+T 5 5 :G+e%:U778> 5 e9>>7
C
B
dW 5E V@>e%:8T 5 V6;$ e'7ig:UW<+e%:8} 5 W 5 &:Ut+MK7GN;$.:G'1I;$>1 E >7# 5 e E :87GR ;C

f 78.W<>.7 5 V%;$K 5 eW 5E RW e 5 1 5bEG W3 5 M 5 :G+78W<.eLM J JA 4 C? E8E `:G>7GW<'eM;+e 5 :8; 5 5 7
J
J;
L78> E +W<78è 5 eM;b+;$+K;$^>e:878;C[ E +R.7NV1W 5%E E8E5 +'7 JA 4 ;$R E
ReS E V J X@EeIC
m *v RWi 5 7GWi E +e%:G>eKMd;78W<:GK+C0?de%:UT 5 J;/ ]i;$ e'; 5 5 W 55
5 ev*Re%: 5
;i: 5 ; 5%E5E0E W3 5 M 5E :8+78W)'e E }:8M6Y%R aC

V 5 R E vV 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;
:G>7GW<'e E Y%RJ.e'+'WM'RW<)+;$+K<;$+78'1I;<)7G:G'7`;$
*J;

f 7U)>MKRMK7 5 ;$RW E :87G'eLV;$+1+W 5EaE +R.7^ EFE +R'e:8 E 78+78 E
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!<q
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a

L7U 5 e J ; (a) = {a} m
:8+78W)'eM V
L7U 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM V:8MPY%R V 5 e;$ E T 53E W3 5 M 5E :G+78W<.eL E

5 R}eT 5
B A A ...A 1 2 n Ai
:G>7GW<'e E V_+>W 5E
'e'+'M.W<>e:8 J;
*J; J; J;
(B) = {}
78+t:G'W 5E VF7U :8]}Y%R
+eL 5 e%:87G>W 5%E M'RW
(B) =
i
:8MYR
(B)
Ai
eT 5 ;+78.1
(Ai )

m i = 1, 2, ...
L7UaRW E :87G'e V 5 eL;$ E T 5Ê W3 5 M 5E :G+78W<.eL EB5 ReLT 5 :G>7GW<'e E V
5%E
= A1 A2 ...An Ai
_+>W
78+t:G'W 5E J; J; J; V^78 :G]&Y%R

+eL 5 e%:87G>W 5%E M'RW
() =:8MYR
()eT 5 ;+78.1
(AiC ) i = 1, 2, ...
i Ai
=iJA 4 : 5 78;3Y%R(W 5E :G7UW 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GV:8+7 W 5E65EaE >R'e%:G E 5 ev*Re%: 5E V
78 5E :8+78W)'e E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
J;E!
b
J;E z1

J;E& .)

J;E TX

J;E(@ QK

J;EE @6"sD/ G

J;E%4KB!D&1KsD/ c

J;E p

J;E 1@D42 G
XV c{V p

J;E&D6" GT VEQK

J; G
XV c{V p
(term)

J; 0 z V.)
`

J;
(expression )
(expression) G
XV XV p
m *v RWeT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM;78Wi:GK+ 52E >R EG W0 5 M 5 'eKKMXC 5 ev*Re: 5
J =@Ee ]a 5 7GWi; 5 t+M 5E :G+78W<.eL E J:UMLY%R V 5 R E *vVg$ E :8`RWiJ 5 78Wi
J

(B)
E +e%:G>eKM`;$>7G'1I1+Ma-7G:G'7i; 5EG W3 5 M 5
S Ba
'eKKMa+WY%R 78>+'W)N;$K:8W<+e%:G
;$'7G>H:U<;$ C
'W< 5 7:Ue+'; 5 nJ X@Ee 5 ;eT 5&E >7b:UT 5 'e%:GR.:G'1& 5 W 5 ; 5 nJ; VW< E3E
:G'1>7GW 5%E RW EG W0 5 M 5 eLT 5 :8+78W)'eM Y%R- 5%EGE R RWi7 5 ;$RS+T 5 ; 5 :8. 5 V
V`+e%:8T 5 ].W< 5 7G:8e%:8YR E .LW 5E Y%R E#E T 55%E#E W3 5 M 5E ;$ J =B@E
e
C
V J X@Ee

5%
E : 5 Wi7NVP 5 7 +g >W<M 5 V 5 E R 5 7Y%R
(B)
dW :8+78W)'eM C l E8E5E 'e >
a (B)
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

%q-
!<q
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z %q
Y%Re 5 eLM' E ; 5 73;$ E ++e;$>e%:G#78>+R7 E '1 5 VZ 5 g$>+R$:87GW 5E35 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G
V6.78+W 5%E 5 e E RW<'7iRW ++7G: 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;}: 5 +e E V E } E8E E : 5 >e E + E 7G>W 5 W
;$ e'S>T 5 ;$ e>e:878;C fZ5 78]+W E B V6 E8E5,E .e +
V@ 5 ;$>W 5%E :G>7iRW
: 5 +e,;+e%:G7U;V
5 ;$7GN+7Je+e%:G7U; E +7U

Y%R#eT 5 5 e E RW)'e; 5 e+e9 RW
+ E ; 5 +W M.RW 5 e%: 5 VL EJ5 78> 5 e9>'W<+e%: 5 e RM 5 J; C fZ5 7:Ue%: 5 V E ie 5 'e 5
; 5 7GN 5 e9>+.W<+e%: 5 ;$ :G'1>7GW 5E RW e#>e:878;Vt;$+1+W 5E E >R'7 7 5 ;RS+T 5 Y%R
z
_ 5 WY%R
J; V>e%:8T 55 5 7G78+7UiRW 7 5 M.>Wie}JA 4 Vy 5 E 5 W 5 W) E W 5 B:G>
;+78.1z&>;$>'1I_+KC m z:G'1+78W 5E35 R$:878&7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 5 W 5

A
7GW<'eM
a (A)
5E ;$R E 7 5 ;RS E <M.K+7>C
:G>W
f 7U)>MKRMK7 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5E GJ X@be}78 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E ;#JA 4 V;$>1>W 5%E
;$K 5 e7 5 'e;$K+; 5 7);$ W ;$>;$>' 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 J X@be V 5 e;$ ] 5

EG W3 5 M 5 'eKKM;<JA 4 m (S)
;;<)7 5 ;RS+T 5 V_>+W 5E
J X@Ee J XEe J;

B A
(A) = (A) ()
E V+e%:UT 5 _>+W 5EGJ XEe J X@Ee J X@be C
(A) = (A) (B)
4 MKRMKeL; 5<5 CJ X@be78 5 e 5E8EG5 +g >W<M 5 V :G>7 W 5E
J =@Ee V
(expression)
J =@Ee V
(expression0 )
J =@Ee x0V pUV V
(term)
J =@Ee x0V pUV VL
(term0 )
J =@Ee VL VLx0V pUV
(f actor) V
^Wi1+_+MKRM'; 5E5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5E mJ; J X@beVy 5 ;$+W 5E Vk+e%:UT 5 Vk 5 e E :G78R'73
:8L>M'&78>;$.:G'1&;JA 4 C f 78 E8E5 VZ1IW 5E +gW<.eL70 E 7 5 ;$RS E ;M'.eR+W
:G>e%:87^; E 5 7G'7a+WY%RJ 5E 'S E 5 M 5 >prM' E e0:Ut+MKCd +1>W 5E _>+7N
;;}7 5 ;$RS>T 5 V78: 5 ; 5 :G>7GW<'eM J; Vk;$+1+W 5E 5 M 5 +7

EGE )7 5 ;RS+T 5
B
e) 5E 'S>T 5
(B, a)
;0:8L>M' m ()

;;7 5 ;$RLS+T 5
B
V 5 e;

V678: 5 ; 5 :G>7GW<'eM n
J X@Ee
(B)
V
;+1>W 5E 5 M 5 >7a E8E 07 5 ;$RS+T 5 eL< 5%E KS+T 5 ;0:8L>M'C
(B, a)
m +R'e; 5 EGE E 7G>7U E VL 5 e E :G78R W 5%E Vt+e%:UT 5 VPi:Ut+MK#78>;H:8.1#L7UzJA 4 ;$3+g p
78 E8E E V;;<e<:Ut+MK<C'"Ca :8L>M'<7GN;$H:8.1i 5 ;$ E +7^R E ;VM.]>W;<1+78 +S>T 5
;07UWi:8'>V 780 5 e E :87GR'7 5 m C f 7Ub'W<M'+W<+e%:87 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ;$JRWeT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXV
5 ;+W 5E5 M'97[^:Ut+MK^F;$:8+78W)'e778+;`:G>7GW<'eM%1M''; 5 Y%R E[E T 5 E[E NY =kI+e+' E
;$3S E <: 5 Wi7NV 5 W 5 V 5 7 g$+W<M 5 VP 5 e E RW)'7^RW:8+78W)'eM 5 R'e 1 5 +7 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
;$ 5 R$:G7 5E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E C
fZ5 78]+W}V E <M'.eR+W]i 5 W<M'gV 5 +M'+RM 5 ;z:Ut+MKz7GN;$H:8.1i} 5 e E :87GRS>T 5

; 5 m ;$< 5 78Wi}W<e RM E T 5 :87G+ E 78;R E C#^'e;Wi EbE i E :G'1>7GW 5%E :878M'9e; 5
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!0
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
D t+MK)C'"û D t+MK)78>;$.:G'10L7U0#JA 4 ;$+g 7G EGEG E C
D +78W<.e E
= T 5 :G>7GW<'e E K;$+e%: 5 e E :Ue%: x0V p VL
g$78 E8E 5 e " " "
g$78 E8E 5 e / /
:8+78W
:G>7GWp o
: 5 7 q
(1)expression term expression0

(2)expression0 +term expression0
(3)expression0
(4)term f actor term0
(5)term0 f actor term0
(6)term0
(7)f actor ident
(8)f actor constant
(9)f actor (expression)
5 W RWi78W<:GK+-e n =jFV@ 5 E VF 5 W 5 1 .W 5E V 5 +MKRM 5 ; 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5%E *J;
J =@Ee 5 e E K;$+7UW L>e E 7 5 ;$RS E e 5 78Wi E V E >W 5E<5 L>78; 5 78 E ; n =jFCd=^ EGE
5 e%: 5 +e%:G7UW 5%E 7 5 7UWi E 5 W 5)5 %I1 4`4 V Y%RV$ E N; 5 e);$ e'S>T 5 ;3M''eR>W
+W n = jFV>78: 5 ; 5%E5%E W<]: 5 ; 5%E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 E 5%E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E F1+78 + 5%EGEG 1+ E
7 5 M'+Wi E V$I1 E eL; 5 5 .W<M'+W<+e%:U; 5 7 5%E 5 e%: 5E ;078Wi:GK+)Y%R 5Ea5 7G''e7UW}C
= E >S>T 5È +R.e%:Gk 5 78;7G>W 5E a.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5 m L7UFaM''eR>W R$:8.M'.p

X ++
_>e; 5<5 I1 4`4 C
4.2 O analisador sinttico da linguagem X ++

k+78+W 5%E VI E +R.7NVI 5 W 5 'W<M'+W<+e%:87 5 m V 5 W E @e^78W<:GK+F1 E :8ê 5 > :GRM 5 V
R$:8.M'._Ne; 5)5 %I1I 4`4 C l e'+'M.W<>e:8V;$'+ 5 e78+W 5%E RWi)e 5 1 5 PS+T 5 e)78.W<>.7Ub7:8
; 5 7UY%R'1 5 C v vC
F U; n 6K% Z ;QH6^S%S `ta=Y^ 9:;%<:=?>=S/B

\ %6&6Q
#QG
` :
_ K JG
d
5 PS+T 5 $ b aE\M\"]= ` $ SXd=_ (9'M'H:U 5 W<>>e E W 5 ;$`;$>R7US>T 5 ; 5 m Y%R
E +7Ub>78; 5 t+M 5 %I1 4`4 C l EGEG5 _J 5 WY%R 5 m W 5%E :87G(e E ;pXL;$7UT 5 Y%R EFE T 505%E
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E Y%R E :UT 53E +e; 5 *+g$>R:8; 5E a(YRL E6E T 5b5%E : 5 >e E Y%R E T 5 5 e E RW<'; 5%E
+W>;0RW;$>M. E CkM.]>W;$ EGEG5 V W 5E :G7U:UW3t]+W E :G+e%:U:G'1 E ;$J+ E W)>e%: 5E +.:8 E 5
eLM' E 7 "L&'$& C}= 5 eM@;$ E :G#> :GRM 5 VBW 5E :G7U78+W 5E RW g$+W<M 5 +W Y%R< EGE
:G' 5 ;$ E ;) E :U09L'M..:8;C
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G cX D
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z
=^>W E +W<78^Y%R+78+W 5E 1+7@Y%R E@E T 5 E S E : 5 Wi; E L>M 5 m C?@W+7UMXV E :8W 5%E
Wi E 'e%:G+78 E8E ; 5%E +W E L>7 E 3g$ E :G3RW +787 5iE .e%:8:GK 5 0YRLM]3 E8E >7G7 5 CÎ1 4`4
.6 &'
%
t+78W).:G6YR 5 W<>+e E W 5 ;$@;+R7US>T 5 ; 5 m E *v`;$ E .M'.:8; 5 +W :G+W< 5 ;$d+g$>RLS+T 5 C
E8E .W}VPe 5E8EG5 5 W<.MK; 5 7 >H:U 5 W 5 7UW<+:G7 5 ;$)+e%:G7U; 5 PS+T 5 LC m
E8E 5 tS>T 5 5 7Z 5 78e>+';Y%ReL; 5 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7[]ag$>+R$:8; 5 V>e%:8T 5 E 'e$ 5 78WiS E
y>MA
;$;$>R7US+T 5&E +7UT 5 W 5%E :878; E C m } E8E 5 PS+T 5 eT 5 ]}R$:8.M'._N;Vd+e%:UT 55 m W 5E :G7U
t+eL EZE `+g$ E :Ga`Y%RM$] 5 +787 5JE .e%:8:GK 5 C f 7U( E8E5 VM.:G>78W 5%E :8W0L]>W 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
C'A61HAB:CDQ?A o Q1 N@A6cD

; 5 e 5%EGEG5 m CB?@M.i1+78 > E i 5 PS+T 5 5 @;; 5 ReT 5 V+W+ E5 e+%:8.1 5 VB'e 1 5 + 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 ; 5 m 78K; 5 178'I1+M ; 5 7 5 7UWiaC /C
F n69 Q= 6L U=Q6< &n6=Q:U/^ y:CY%= H <{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/Bu@

\ >nj;&: G =Qp=B G ;B
_ Z Kc Z
d
e n Y LALQYQ=^Q^tYQ= <QM
g a JO =YAZ ^ = LS H: <t :^ ; `lEffS;>n Y : :^ ; DBs sQsQl
h ZbH K KZ K Z?H G Z H RRtLQ; HZ K G= [ ;%: [GSG G :Z :H;^S^ ZbHKXQK Z LQ;^
i ZbHK L%; HK 9=%:6^ G :Q:;%:c`Ss
k
Frq RRT a ;> ; ;ml>= l =AL%YQ=^^ Y%= Z?H= [ y : <cG=Q:<^H { :;&^T9=Q:6^ v6L n ;
Fr\ JO Z K K6Z Z&[ ZbH K ZbH K&N G G KZ H
Fr_ ;;QY =
F|d O G HM[G&OJ <M`Ta=Y^ G
Fre K : ZbH <Aa Z Y G&H =?> G `llRR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p;S=A^ G :A= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;
Frg Y%= H <Pn=Q:6^ G : RRP= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;%:cY%Qv Z LQ;QR^ ZbHKQK6Z LQ;
Fh
Fri Z?HKcZ
Frk O ;;Y G = H >^T`ta=Y^ G
\uq &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y G :6^ Z ; H {
\F RQRSYQS;ôn6=Q:?> :;^Xn6=^^%= ;^Xn6=Q:=A;ALQ;?>n YQ= ;%:
\u\ a;%:y Z `Ps ZTGQ K =Q:<^BY G&H < K%[ N! D Z ff{ Z [
\u_
\d
\ue Z ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQ<SI%J` =Y^: y?l b [G&OJ <&l%{{
\ug [G&OJ K JG
\h G Y^ G
\ui %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?l^%=Q< GZ ^lf
\uk l =Qp=AY%= H < b[G&OJ <% mZbH n JK a Z Y G l%{
_uq %
6
^
> B v
y
s
{
_F KG G ZUK
_u\
_u_
_d ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQI%J =Y^y?l l&{{
_ue Z RRtYQ = := = n6= : ;
_ug %6^ KG >B; JK [ B|n: ZbG&HHKK Y H [ y?lE G = [6[ ZbH <aQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK BSBtBl&{
_h n6=Q:^ G :A` HG cYQ= H <Cy%^ KG >B ZbH {RRSLU: Z =t
_ui
_uk
dq G Y^ G RRtYQ ;t=Q: p;
dF [ I&JZ
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

q
!0%
i i
q àà(BZ)*àd*<a
d\ a Z Y G&H =b> G `P=Q:<6^=Q:<6^BY G&H < K%N D

d_ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G = [6ZbH <aQ:;?>
dud K :An6 =Q:6R^ RS:AL&:` Z =tM YQ= <y =%p=CB ;B Y n : =?>yua Y =b> {Q{
de G H6G H H6G Z Z G H JK K G Z G&H G
dg
L&= K L N y =Qp=CB Z ;B Z Y G 6; K ; JH[ v6L G n K6Z ; H!G {X
dh %^ >Bu; B|n: Y y?l Y lfPa Z Y G&H =b> G fml H ; K a; JH[ BEl%{
di : GQK&J : H KG JK ZbHK H Z G
dk
euq
eF
eu\
eu_ Z ay [G&OJ <{n=Q:6^ G :CB [6Z ^%= O Y G K :=L ZbH <CyE{RR [G ^&= OZ Y ZUK =Ap G : O ;^ Gt[ ;P
ed
eue K :Mn6 =Q:^ :/B|n:;%<:=?>yE{ RRSL =b>=S;> ; ; a=QVA=P= Y ^
eug G N K [ I%J6G H6 Z G
eh L&= L yr9=Q:6^ v6L n ; {
eui K N G G K6Z HG
euk &6^ >B ::/Bn: Y y Br< ^^%=Q< y{{
guq n=Q:6K^ GG :CBGLQ; HK 9=Q:6ZbH^ KG H::G;%:mGQ`
KQDG RG R H ; G v Z ^ KG : G L J n G :!= ; [GSG ::;^
gF
gu\ a ZbH =YY&c
gu_ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/B K ; j6G&H ^Q; J :L G Ba6; JH[ G v%::;%:Cy{cf
gd l v L%=YT::;%:6^Pa; l&{
gue %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/BLQ;G HK Z 96=Q:6^ G ::;%:f JH[
gug lo% HK =L K6Z LT::;%:^Ta; JH[ l%{
gh
gui
guk
hq RR>= ZbH
hF ^ = LXn Y Lt : < >y v{
h\ K KZ JO Z K ZbH Z ZbHK
h_
hrd ZbHK KP: Z?Hj <
^
he ^X` K ; j6GUH >=Q< G rv
hg
huh j :QM`M^^TBYQ=À^ K^ BH^ [G v^ %aC: ylb<Clyl%D{ {
hi KL%= L y : J<O K vZbH %a%6j ; Ûv6L n ; {
hk K N K ZbH H[G JK JH[ G K6Z H!G
iuq : G%K%J : H ^
iF
iu\
iu_
id RRPYQ= H <Q
iue 9Q6U6&Q/yYQ= H <{
iug
= 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 ,>MA
V$:G>W 5%E :UW3t]+W#U9LWi;i 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 NA6c D/ N/ A'>
C 465 W 5
1>7G>W 5E E >R'7>V 5 %I1 4`4 '7U; e'7bRW W<]: 5 ; 5 78}>; E W3 5 M 5 eT 5 :8+78W)'eM
;78Wi:GK+CL7G:G'76; E 7 5 ;RS E ;$ E 78.:8 E e 5 7UY%R'1 5 C v vV E T 5 +7GK; 5%Ek5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
N@A6cD/N/ A'>
Y%R0:G+e%:UW _>+7 5 > E W<+e%: 5 ;#>e%:G7U;z 5 W 5%E 78 E t> :8.1 5E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E CJ E8E 'W}V
3U9LWi;3; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 '7U:G>e%:87F78> 5 e9N+76eb>e%:G7U;RW<)+;$+K
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

q "
!0/
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z q "
Y%R<+ E < 5 W z;$ E 78KS+T 5 ;;z E >R'7(e 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v v(7U 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM M9:!0C
nN@A6cD W)]+: 5 ; 5>M A
? E8E i] 5EG W0 5 M 5 'eKKMd;}78W<:GK+C)>e:878;R$:G'M'._N;]#}Y%Ri E :8e 5 78Y%R'1 5
EGE ; 5 5 W 5 7UW<+:G7 5 eL78'S+T 5 ; 5,5 $v*+: 5 V6e 5 .e 5 ; 5
M''e9 E /)%oC
^Wi; E 1Ie%:8+e E ; 5 m >78; 5 t+M 5 %I1I 4`4 ])Y%R 5 7GN 5 e9>+.W<+e%: 5 eT 5 7G+p
E E >7 +.: 5 e> EGE 78KW<+e%:Gi}7:8.70;$M'RW eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMk E t> H 5 C}^WiU9p
Wi;Y%RM'Y%R>7W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R- 5 787G E 5 eL;,RWeLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM .7U:8+e%:87z78> 5 e9+p
N@A6cDD /N D
>7 EGE &eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMêL+e%:878;C fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 V E :G'1] E8E +W 5E +.: 5 U9Wi;,
V 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7('7GKz 5 e E RW<'7 5%E : 5 +e E ;>e:878;z7 5 +R$p
7Ue; 5 78> 5 e9N+7aRWi<+g 7G EGE T 5 t+e E V$JeT 5 RW7 5 78W<C
U9W<; NA6cD/N/ A'> E :U;+e%:G7 5 ;$RW 5 Wie; 5 SXd 5 78Y%R E R
c:AcD% o D&NO?
g$NRS>T 5,5 R;$-M.RW 5 R$:G7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G 5 R$:G7 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM^ 5 ;$
MKeS>7)RWi-+g>S>T 5 ; 5 :8. 5 C l E8E5 5 e%:GNYRLe; 55 m ;$:8> :U
e,>e%:G7U;,M.RW>7G7 5,E 'e%:8:GK 5 C fZ5 7#g$+W<M 5 V 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G 5 eT 5 p
:G>7GW<'eM V
k E t+7U<+eL 5 e%:8787èi+e%:878; 5 : 5 >e
L C 4 E5 EGE W<]: 5 ; 5E v
'e%1 5 +; 5 ieT 5 +e 5 e%:G78):8Md: 5 +ee}+e%:878;VB>e%:8T 5 >M.iMKeS>RWi}gNS+T 5 C 465 W 5
,>MA
e>e9 RWW<]: 5 ; 5 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8 5%E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E :G7U:U) E8E 0gNS+T 5 V +MK E J7 5
>MAQ VZRWi-W)>e
:8] 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R37G'W<+'7 5 U9W 5 RRW ;$ E8E E W<]+: 5 ; 5E Vte 5 + E5i5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Ca= 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 E >W7G+ +78+e%:G 5 >7G7 5 ]+W<H:8';&-eM' E ; 5 7 5 7UWi
;$>1^:8+78W<.e7>CZ=T 5 90 5 W 5 5 e:8.e R760eM. E V 5 E ] 'W< 5%EGEG 1+ML7G E :UR7U7 5 E :8; 5
; 5 m e 5 W 5 W<>e: 5 Y%R 5 +787 5 5 ;:GN :U; 5 CF EGE .W}VP 5 >e 5 e:8787`RW+787 5#E .e%:U:GK 5 V
<g$NRS>T 5 ; 5 e 5E8EG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7 E 'W)M. E W<+e%:8J:G+78W<.eLC@= 5 + :8RM 5 o)1+78+W 5E 5 W 5
5 ;+W 5E .W<M'+W<+e%:U7 5 Y%R E U9W<;78>RL>78S+T 5 ;^+787 5%E V%Y%Rt+78W<H:8 Y%R 5 m
5 e%:G'e%R E R)g$NRS>T 5 W) E W 5 Y%RRW+787 5<E 'e%:8:GK 5<E v<+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 C
k*vW 5%E Vy>e%:8T 5 VB 5 W 5 ;$ e'7 5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E Y%R)'78T 5 5 W< 5 7 5 e 5%EGEG5 m CB>1>W 5%E
;$ e'7)>;eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM6;e 5%EGE }7UWi:GK+}W<>;$Ke%:8RWi&;>MK7US>T 5 Y%R]zRWi
W< E :GR78<;$b+ ;. 5 %I13b;$J7 5 ;$RS E e n =jFC 4 ;0RW<<;$ EGE E ;>MK7US E :G+W
E +R.e%:G( 5 7GWi
hnao terminali htipoi nome00 (00 hargumentosi )00 :00

{00 hdecl. locaisi }00
{00 hBN F i }00
? E8E 0;$>+M'78S+T 5 'e'+'p E 5 W RW :G' 5 V Y%R] 5 :8. 5 78: 5 78e; 5 t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 7G78 E p
C'A6
5 e;$>e%:Ga^ E8E @eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXC fZ5 ; E +7ZYRLMKYR+7:G' 5 + E8E 1>M;$+e%:87 5 ; +M' EGE @; 5 m V
e 5 e 5E8EG5 + E5 V%)MK E8E C + 5 E 1>W 5 e 5 W<(; 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM[ ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R
E +7U#78'; 5 ` 5E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E ;$ E8E 0W<]: 5 ; 5 C ?@W E >RK;Vt1 >W I RW 0RWi
E E8E T 5 ;$$;$' 5 I1 5 M 5 >;}>e:87GzU9I1 E VZY%R 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ JE ;$NMK7US E M 5 > E
;$ EGE iW<]: 5 ; 5 C E 178'I1+ E ;>MK7U; E 5 ;+7UT 5E >7bR$:8.M'._N; E ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C
I
?;$> 5 E 1 +W E 7 5 ;$RS E ;$ EGE eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMye n = j6Ct\78.eL'MB'e+RW3 +e+'; 5 I
%I1I 4`4 ]J:878e E 5 7GWi7` E8E E 7 5 ;$RLS E >W+ ;. 5 I1VY%R3.7U0:G+e%:U7^78> 5 e9N>7è
+e%:878;RW< E >Y=kI>eKz;<: 5 +e E Y%Ri+ E >W 5 W E8E };$ E +7GKS+T 5 C0k*vW 5%E VB>e%:8T 5 V 5
EG W0 5 M 5 'e'+'MB;)e 5E8E 0M''eR>WV$Y%R] 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM c9!}
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

q
!0
i i
q àà(BZ)*àd*<a
F p ; &Z [ n:;%<:=b>yE{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/B

\
_
d LQYQ=^Q^QY ^ yE{ 6&
e Z K A }
g
.
=};$ E +7GKS+T 5 ; E 7 5 ;$RS E 5 ;$+W 7GN+7 5E : 5 >e E ;$ e'; 5%E e E >S>T 5 ; 5 A
; 5 7UY%R.1 5 C v v 5 ]RW<-g+>S+T 5 3<GU9W<; E 5 R$:87 5%E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E 5 W 5

L {C
79:!](R$:G'M'._N; .
U.
? E8E JeT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM 5 Y%RP783.e;'>7`Y%Re; 5 RW W;$
7UY%R'1 5 ]z1M'K; 5 eLe 5%EGE >e:878;C: 5 >e eLT 5 5 `;$ e'; 5 g$M'K.:8W<>e:8
e E ;$NMK7US E ;$: 5 +e E ; 5 AdC D 78:8p E #;$RW: 5 +e7GN;$ e'; 5 Y%R] E8E ; 5
78 5 m YRLe; 5-5 78Y%R'1 5 ;$+e%:878;} 5 ` 5 W<M':8W<+e%:GzM.K; 5 zeT 5 5%EGE RFWi E
X9!
U.
e>e9 RW: 5 +e#;$ E 5 e 1+MXC[?@e:UT 5 V E8E êT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM ;$'_Y%R RW7 5 7UWi(e
e 5%EGE iM'.eR+W ]0 5 78W<; 5 5 7(RWizM. E :U;$<MK E8E E V E +RK;it+M 5 @Cy;$ e'S>T 5
;$ # @](W 5%E :878;e 5 7 5
7UWiJLC oC?dMK E 'W<M. E W<>e:8 E +R 0;$ e'S>T 5 ; n =j
1 E :8ze 5 + :8RM 5 $C l E : 5 1M'0L7U
L

C m RL7 5 ;$RS>T 5 'eKKp E ) 5 W LUV1+W
E +R';0 5 7^RW';+e%:G +; 5 7NV b E8E 'W 5 7;$Ke%:8C
F p ; Z&[ LQYQ=^^%Y Z ^ K y{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/B

\
_
d LQY%=^^ LQYyE{- L%YQ=^^QY ^ yE{
e [G Z K
g
h
i p; LQYQ=^^ LQYy{
k Z&[ [G
Frq
FuF
Fr\
Fr_ & }w U } Q }A UQ }t L%YQ=^^ O ; [ CyE{
F|d
O, 5 W 5 E >7G17ZY%RV>W>78M{V 5 $;$' 5 I1 >78; 5 L>M 5 %I1 4`4 78 5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
Y%R`'W)M.>W)>e%:8W 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E eT 5 :8+W W3R.:8 E +W<>M.9eS+J 5 W EkE RL E 7 5 ;$RS E
@ 5 ;$ E >7;$. +.M$;$ E >7[ 5 W<78+>e;$K; 5 C fZ5 7 EGEG5 VIeT 5 ]@RW< 5 M :GK+7GN 5 W)>e;I1+M+7U7
5 m 5 7(W)> 5 ; 5 %I1 4`4 Vy;$> 5 E Vt_>+7 MH:8+7US E e 5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5 C^M']+W ; E8E5 V
E 5 7Fe> EGE 78Kb0MH:8+7US>T 5 ; 5 7UY%R'1 5 C v vV$RWe 5 1 5 +$;$. 5 %I13;$>1 E >7F+7U; 5 J E
M.:G>78S E >H:U E e:8+78 5 7GW<>e:8;$.78:UW<+e%:8(e E8E b+ ;. 5<E T 5 t+7U;$K; E C@^t+eL E 5 W 5
g$>W)M 5 Vd78 E +e%:8W 5E e 5 7 5 78W<}LC &RW:G78>U9 5 ;$$;$' 5 +7U; 5 L>M 5 I1 4`4
78 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G( 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM OL &C
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G ' @ X 7
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z q/
F a ZbH =YXn JO Y Z LTp; Z&[ LQYQ=^^ [G L%YyE{ 9:K%;%N <::;U=?>^T=S9/=QBu:6 ^ G v6L G n K6Z ; H
\ K ::M=L G L%=YYylULQYQ=^Q^ [G LQYl%{
_ K L%; ^ > ; y%6{
d L%; H ^ J > G K ; jG&H yUQ{
e Û L H J yy G K jG&H`Q` DQ{ yE{ {
g L%=Z&^ KG NQ H K%j HK&j Q HK%j

h
i LQLQ;; H ^^ J >> G K ;; j6G&H yybQ{6 {
k H J G K j6G&H
Frq Oa:= G =Y j
FuF [G JQYQK=DD ` &<
Fr\ G&H
Fr_
F|d LQYQ=^Q^ ; yE{
Fre O [
Frg a :ZbH==L YY%%c: : y?lbLQYQ=^^ LQYl&{
Fh K G GQK&J H [G
Fri
Frk
465 e%:G'e ReL; 5 5 W-e 5E8E -.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 V@:G>W 5%E<5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM
L
' C
5 7U; 5 5 W0e 5E8E n =jFV E8E (eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMy;$>1>7GK E +7^; eK; 5 5 W 5
F p ; Z&[ LQYQ=^^ O ; [ Cy{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/B('

\
_
d Q%
e LQYQ=}^^QY ^ yE{
g yup=Q: [G LQYZ yK{ & %&6& } {
h yLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyE{{
i y> GQK&N ; [[G LQYyE{{
k
Frq Q% }
FuF
fZ5 78]+W}V E :G>e%:878W 5E 7 5 E8E 7 5 e 5%EGEG5 78Y%R'1 5 C v va 5 e:8+e; 5 EGE 0;>MK7US>T 5 V1>7G+p
W 5E Y%R 5 %I1I 4`4 7 5 ;$R_ I
E >R'e%:G;$1+7G: >eK
=Q: HZbH </ N%v n6; =Z L G^ ;LQ; H aY Z^ L K

ZbH yBBB{ LQ; L%;^ H :^ K :L J L K= = K v%Y n6ZbH6= G ^ @QsQ; Ca;LQYQ;YY J;&> H <'CB L%; ^ : L
H Z HAH6G KGQ[ Z&K&NZbH H K J K H[AG H Z H ZbH H K J K
N=Q; p G^ QL ;>: >; H^ n:<AG a=AZ vYG;^; = ; H6=G ;&aP;%a NZ L;&Nm:o>Z ;%^: l aZbH;%K: l ^ v%n6= ^ ; B
H Z&[G J ZbH j N6G [ G HG KGQ[MG H Z H
7P *p
pt * 7 V.
>t T
? E8E (W<+e E +W'e;$K+JY%Rag$ E :8aRW 5 e .: 5 eJ 5 e E :G78RS+T 5
<
J ;/c A6E HD o CU
;e 5%EGE 7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 C ._V'e;VY%RF;+e%:G7 5 ; 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 6 5 7U ;+MKg$ E :8+W

J ;/ >D7? HHD o C?
78 g 5%E 5 W0Re E Vy+e%:G78<+M' E(5 :G+78W<.eLM` XC l EGEG5 5 e:8>+0 5 7UY%R 5
'eM'R 5
:G>7GW<'eMF XVtY%Rb:8W0L]>W E :8#e 5 V% 5 W 5 W 5%E :878 5 7 5 p
7UWi0C C
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

qI,
!0
i i
qI àà(BZ)*àd*<a
F p ; &Z [ p=Q: [G LQYyE{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/Bu

\
_
d y U
e b}] y %Q6U
} ] U
} { {
g y } U y }AQ
}
{ {
h }A } }A }
i
k
Frq p ; Z&[ LQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyE{
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
F|d &6%%Q6QU } > GQK%N ; [%O ; [ yE{
Fre
Frg
Fh
Fri p; > ; LQYyE{
Frk Z&[ GQK%N [[G
\uq
\F
\u\ y U
\u_ }] %Q6U }] U } {y Q
Q }A Q
} {
\d b } > GQK%N ; [&O ; [ Cy{
\ue
E8E 'W}V 5 %I1 4`4 eT 5 M'+7 5 : 5 +e-X V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
L
' #;$+1
5 ;$(;>K;$'7 E V 5
7 5E8E >R'7i78> 5 e9N+eL; 5
5 RRW !#
CO 5 W e 5 :87Y%R &V
RW

) &
F!"
$' &
` 5 ;$>W 5 R,eLT 5 7GN>7e%RW<
L
&
V 5 Y%R#+7U EGE
5 e7P.: 5 C<c^ E RW<.e; 5 VB EGE z;$1>7:+I e+'; 5 %I1I 4`4 e 5%E .e$ 5 7GWi}Y%R<e 5E8E 78W<:GK+
eT 5 ]AA@*"IFV$ 5 7G:8e: 5 V$eT 5 ]J;$>Y%R;07U) E8E (:G' 5 ;$ m C
fZ5 78]+W}VL #HMH:8.Wi#M''e9#;<W<>e E >We 5%E ;iRW<#.e;'>S+T 5 ;$3 5 W 5 78 EG5 M'1+7a EGE
7 5 M'+WiV E +W:8+7^Y%RM.:G>7876e 5E8E 37UWi:8'>Cd I1 4`4 eT 5 5 e E >RJ;$NK;$.7`Y%RM
+W<.e9 5}E +R'7 5 M'9e; 5 L>e E RW EG W0 5 M 5 ;}>e%:G7U;VB 5 E +M'i 5 ;$ E +7 5 W< E W 5
78 (
5 R !"
$' &
C@s E :8M'1>_V$R$:8.M''_>eL; 5 W< E M.Re EaEG W0 5 M 5%E ;)+e%:G7U;V
E *v<+_;$(: 5 Wi7^<;$>+ E T 5 CZdW 5E 1+78 >7a E 5 e E :G78RS E Y%R E :UT 5 P
+W 5 e H: 5

126 'eKKp E # 5 W 5 :G' 5 ;}17GKI1>MdYRi 5 ;$ E +7bRW c{VRW = 5 RRW
K;$>e:8 +; 5 7NC#> 5 E :8+WRW K;$>e:8 +; 5 7NVY%Ri] 5 e 5 W<#;$iRW<178KI1+MXVBV
;+ 5 E V6 5 ;$z:G>7)RW 78 5 MKU9:8 5 RRWi-1 78RMKV 5 RRW 5 e%: 5 pX+pX1 7GRMKVZ
;+t+e;$>e; 5 ;$ EGE (:G>78++'7 5<E W3 5 M 5 V$ 5 ;$J:G>7^RW >U9< 5 M'U9:GV 5 RRWK;$>e:8 p
>; 5 7>V 5 R 5) W;)7 5 ;RS+T 5 V$78 E LN :G'1W<+e%:8 m

6Dy34M@@6 J.e'+'p E @ 5 W 5 :G' 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V;$> 5 E 5 ;$ 5 ReT 5 :G>7RWi E >Y =kI>eK
;F7G@@ NU9 5 MKU9:8 E V;$+ 5 E V>:8+W\RW\K;$>e:8 +; 5 7Y%RF] 5 e 5 W<F; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
V;$> 5 E V 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 VLYR I
E 'e'+'< 5 WRW78J7 +e%:8 E E C
E8E 'W}VL7U E t+7 E J>e%:G7U;J 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ 5 R)eLT 5 JRW &
V%78> E W 5EZ5 M.97
:G7I E6E W3 5 M 5E 7U( 78+e%:G +W1>_;$L>e E RW}C m 5 7G'W<+'7 5bEG W0 5 M 5 5 7@RW c{V%RW
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

qo
!0 q
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z qo
* X 5 R3RWK;$>e:8 +; 5 7NV +W 7H

5%E +W; 1 K;(+e%:G78 5E ; 5 E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E +WYR E :8T 5 C
M'9W 5E V$+e%:UT 5 V 5#E +Re; 5 VY%R E J 5 7`RWK;$>e:8 +; 5 7NV'e;) 5 ; E >7Y%RMKY%R+7aRW
; 5%E ; 5 E RWW<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R7G+: 5 7Ge)RW:G' 5zE >W;$'W<+e E T 5 :G>W 5 W 5iE >ReL; 5#E W3 5 M 5
RW K;$>e:8 +; 5 7 Cbs E(E 5 M'978W 5E^5 :G>78++'7 5E W3 5 M 5 Vy1+78+W 5E Y%R)7U 5 + E5 ;
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$(RWi3178KI1+MXV>M.(;$+1 E +7FRW7G( 5 M'U9+:GVRWi01 78RMK 5 R#RW 5 e%: 5 p
pr1 78RM'V Y%Rê+e9 RW ;$ E :8 E 5 ;$78>++7@ 5 W 5 :G>78++'7 5bEG W0 5 M 5 ;b;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$
W<]: 5 ; 5 C f 7Ui E :8 HMH:8.WiVL 5 ;$+7 W 5E :8+7(RW >U9# 5 MKU9:8 5 RRW I
787 +e%:G E E
; 5 'e + 5 ; 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM|!#%$ C
?de%:8T 5 V;$'+ 5 e78+W 5%EJ e 5%EGE 3'W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5)5iE +R.e%:8J 5 WieL; 5
F p ; &Z [ LQYQ=^^ O ; [ Cy{ 9 :;%<:=?>=S/B

\
_
d Q%
e LQYQ=}^^QY ^ yE{
g y6|
#Z %/K y@{Tp=Q: [G LQYy{ & %&6& } {
h yLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyE{{
i y> GQK&N ; [[G LQYyE{{
k
Frq Q% }
FuF
@M f % R$:8.M''_>; 5 eL& 78+e%:8}; 5
J;$'_ 5 I1 4`4 YR};+1}+7U7
RW W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R-eM. E -:87 I E#E W3 5 M 5E,J 7G>e:878;$NK;$.7 E ;+1 5 ReT 5 :8+e%:87
&
COW3RH: 5 'W) 5 7G:8e%:Ge 5 :U7}YR 5 m 5 M'9,:87I E
EG W0 5 M 5%E ;'e:8d@1+78 + E d+M' E 5 ;+W E +7> E ; 5%E 5 W 5 Y%R@ E :Ut E5 @M f V
+ E 7z+e%:G7U; 5 WRW
e E :8&+ E5 V 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM/

C m & E8E E :G7I EzE W3 5 M 5E > E 78+W}Va+M' E +R 5 7
M f ;$>1 E >70R:G'M.'_>; 5E +W<78e%RW 5 e: 5 ;};> E T 5 ; 5 m Cd^M']+W ; E8E5 V
E8E 3+W)'e9 5 E )M'RW ;$>M. E eT 5 + E 7>VRW >W<'e9 5 MH:8+78e:8.1 5 ]b: 5 Wi; 5 C^ E8E 'W}V
5
;$>1+W 5%EE +7[W3R.: 5 R';; 5EG5E 5 E :G'RMK78W 5E5 1M 5 7Z; 5 @ f V 5 E[E 5 eXH W<+7 5
M f ;$ E M''
;$ E W3 5 M 5E E :G'RMK; 5%E 5 7W<>e 5 7ZY%R 5 e>+ E8E 7G 5 VN 5 ;+W 5E :G>7>e:878; E + E ; E 5 W
7 5 ;$RS E .eL;$NYRL; E Vê+e9%RW I1 E5 ; 5 I1 4`4 V 5 E@5 R E5 ; 5 @
)1>7G +S+T 5 ;$b 5 e7 P .: 5%E eY%R>M.J 5 e%: 5 C
fZ5 7^+g >W<M 5 V E ei7 5 ;$RS>T 5 e%:G>7G 5 7a:8.1] E8E >W 5E R$:8.M'._N; 5 RW@ M f y&5 R
W< E W 5 RW @ M f V(:G'1] E8E +W 5E e<>e:878;) E +R'e:8+;+K
8 pt
HC l EGEG5

M f | EG W0 5 M 5%E
:G>7 W 5%E +7U; 5 RW m YR.78'3:G>e%:87`78> 5 e9>>7a E8E )+;$+K0 5 W 5 RW
5 7UYR 5 m '7GK 5 M'97 5E 7GIg$'W 5%E ; 5 E 5 RRW}V E kR E EGE +W 5E @
Y%R 5 W0'eW 5 W &
3 EGEG5E +78' 52E R +.>e%:G7U;$NK;$'7}Y%R EGE E +78' 5
M f e 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v v _>+7k 5 WY%R`RWiJ;$1+7G:>I eK 5 W 5 Y%R+MK
+W<.e9 5 5 7878: 5 78 :G>e%:87@7GN 5 e9>++7kJ+e%:G7U;C?@e:UT 5 VeT 5JE `+ee E `'e%:G7 5 ;R_+'7
RW 5 Wie; 5 ;$1
1 E :8390 5 R 5 ;$+.g$(;$ 5 5 7878+7NC l E8E5 eT 5 7Ue%:8Y%R(0;$>+ E T 5 Y%R 5 .W<M'+W<>e:U; 5 7
5 7US 5 R 5 m 0: 5 Wi7a E :Gvi 5 7G78:UC
I1 4`4 5E8E RLRWi 5 PS+T 5 M 5 MtY%R] yM f c V YR ;$+:G+78W<.eLbY%R ;$Rp
7Ue%:G`: 5 ;30eM. E 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$: 5 +e E 5 e E RM.:8; 5E L7Ub;$>+';.7 E5 78Y%R7 5 ;$RS>T 5
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G ' X
i i
q àà(BZ)*àd*<a
M.K+7@](.RMP C@1M 5 7GpXL;$7UT 5 ])"V%(Y%Re: 5 Wi 5 7@ 5 7F E8E (1M 5 7NVWi E .e +.>e:8
M f
E +7U 5 m CZ E8E 'W}VZ7GN 5 W<>e;p E )R:G'M.'_>7 5 1M 5 7#"z 5 W 5 M 5 5 9N;M 5 LMd#R:G'M.'_>7
5 Wie; 5%E e 5E 5 e%: 5%E YRJ 5 78+WeN EGE 78 5%E C
E 78Ig$.W 5E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e EkE T 5E 'W<M. E W<>e:8`.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5 Y%RZvJ 5 ;$ E 78.: 5
e)e 5%EGE 378Wi:GK+0eT 5 ;$>1>W78+78 E +e%:8767 5 M.>Wi378 5 M'+.: 5 7NC
F p ; Z&[ > GQK%N ; [%O ; [ yE{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/BEDbs

\
_
d 9QQ n6=Q:=?>Y ^ yE{ 9QQ ^ = > yE{
e } Z K } K KG G&HK
g
h
i p ; Z&[ n6=Q:=b>Y Z ^ K y{
k
Frq
FuF
Fr\ y U }] &QU }] UQ } { U } y
}A
} {
Fr_ y Q } y U }] %Q6U }] U } {
F|d
Fre { UQ } y Q
Q }A Q
} {
Frg
Fh
Fri
= 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM !#

XV>e 5 e:878W 5E e 5 1IW<+e%:G RW 5 Wie; 5M f V+W
78+e%:GJ;$ l
C@=^ EGE : &
B>e:8780+W 5 e7PLH: 5 5 W G XV$ 5 E W3 5E 5 p
> EG5 V
;$>W'eKK7Gp E ^ 5 WRWK;$+e%:G >; 5 7>C[s E@5
E >W)7G`:8+W}V ;$+ 5 E ;;>MK7US>T 5
; 5 :8. 5 V%RW 5 R$:87 5 K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7>V 5 Y%RèT 5 5 ;$ 5 5 7G78+7ke 5 5 Wie; 5 78+78 E +e%:8; 5 5 7
G X CZ E8E 'W}VRWM 5 5 9>;0;$`; 5 EkEG W0 5 M 5%E ] E R +.>e:8a7U78 EG5 M'1>7 5 7 5 M.>W<C
F p ; &Z [ ^ K = KG > G&HK y{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/BEDD

\
_
d
#QQ/y {
e p=Q: [G L%YyE{
g
h ] = : ^ = yE{ U %U6&
i K ZbO K K }
k ] n: ^ = yE{ U %U6&
Frq ZbHK K K }
FuF ] : = ^ = yE{ U %U6&
Fr\ G [ K K }
Fr_ ] : : ^ = y{ & %&6&
F|d GQK%J H K K }
Fre ] ^ n :6^ = yE{ U %U6&
Frg J G K K }
Fh ]
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G '' X
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z qq
rF i Z a6^ K = K yE{
Frk ] a;%:6^ K = K yE{
\uq
\F ]
\u\ & } ^ K = K Y Z ^ K y{ % }
\u_ ]
\d
}A & &&6& }
\ue ]
\ug & %&6& }
\h
E 5 W<e; 5%E ;)M.'eRL>W E T 5 7GN 5 e9>+'; 5%E L>M 5%E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e EaE +R.e%:G E
F p ; Z&[ = K : ZbO ^ K = K y{ 9:;%<:=?>=S/BED

\
_
d Y&p=Y yE{ %% y=Y;L v%n: ^Q^ ; y{ v%n: ^^ ; yE{{
e J6G } G G Z H ]G G Z H
g
h
i p ; Z&[ n: ZbHK ^ K = K y{
k
Frq
FuF
Fr\ 9U }SG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{
Fr_
F|d p; : = ^ = yE{
Fre Z&[ G [ K K
Frg
Fh
Fri
Frk Q } Y&p=Y J6G yE{
\uq
\F
\u\ p; : : ^ = yE{
\u_ Z&[ GQK%J H K K
\d
\ue
\ug
\h %Q } G v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{
\ui
\uk
_uq p; ^ n :^ = y{
_F Z&[ J G K K
_u\
_u_
_d
_ue U9 }A 9QQ } =Q:<Y Z ^ K y{ 9QQ }
_ug
_h p; a6^ = yE{
_ui Z&[MZ K K
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G ' X s
i i
q àà(BZ)*àd*<a
u_ k
dq
dF
d\ 6&}S
#Q9QQ/yEDQ}S{ G v%n6:&G ^^ Z^ ; H= yE{ > 9QyQ{ } ^ K = KG > G&HK yE{
d_ } K KG G&HK
dud
de
dg
dh p; Z&[ a ;%:6^ K = K yE{
di
dk
euq
eF
eu\ & }S 9QQ } = Kv%n: :ZbO ^^K^ = K; yE{ yE
{ && %%&&&&}
eu_ G= K : ZbOG ^ K =Z K H yE{
m 9Q } }
ed ^ K = KG > G&HK yE{
eue
eug
eh p; Z&[ ^ K = K Y Z ^ K y{
eui
euk
guq
gF ^ K = KG > GUHK yE{-^ K = K Y Z ^ K yE{
gu\
gu_
gd p; Z&[ Y%p=Y JG yE{
gue
gug
gh
gui
guk b } y
v&n: ^^ ; yE{ Q
Q
hq 6% U}SG G 9%Z H =Q :Q<Y ^ yE{ }] 9%
hF { }S } } Z K }%
h\
h_
hrd p; Z&[ =Y;L G v%n: G ^Q^ Z ; H y{
he
hg
huh
hi
hk } y 6
#QCy { UQ 9Q =Q:<Y ^ yE{ 9Q
iuq y b }] %Q U }}A]( UQ } } { Z K }]
iF y Q
}AG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{
} {Uf
iu\ {
iu_
id
eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 1L89 G
2 5%EGE RdRW 5 Wie; 5 @M f
+Rv}R$:8.M'._NS>T 5}5

@M f
M'+.: 5 76 5 ;$+.M'W<+e%:G^K;$>e:8 +7NCZ^W + E5 ;$. +78+e%:8 5 5 7G78ae 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMB XC m
eT 5 R$:8.M''_>78W 5E65 5 WieL; 5 E t> >; 5 eY%R>M.(eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXV 5 $:G>7G>W 5%E
E >R'e%:G;1+7G: >eK) 5 I 7 5 + E8E 7 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v v
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

q
!0"
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z q
=Q: HZbH </ N%v n6; =Z L G^ ;LQ; H aY Z^ L K

ZbH %BBB LQ;L%; H^ ^ K: : JL L K = = K Y v%ZbH6n6G= ^ ;3aLQ;;YQY JY>;&H : >; H^ n:<AG a=AZ vYG;^; = ; H6=G ;&aP;%a NZ L;&Nm:o>Z ;%^: l GaY;%:^ G l ^ v%n6= ^ ; B
H Z&[G J ZbH j N6G [ G HG KGQ[MG H Z H
l EGEG5 5 e%:GN<+W 1 '7:8R;$#;$#7:8
z; 5 5 W<e; 5E +7 5 P 5 eLMXC)?\;$> 5 E ;$
RW 5 Wie; 5 E +W7G:G (

+Vy 5 ;$>W 5%E :8+7(RW 5<Y%R0L>7:8+e+0iRW 5 Wie; 5
Wi E g :8+78e 5 C fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V
b ^ X
b gX
^^ }
_7h7i_
gg }
? E8E z+;+Ki 5 ;$Vy;$0 5 7U; 5 5 W;$ eKS+T 5 ;$ !#
3 E >W @ f V
5
E +7).e%:G>7G7G+:8;& 5 W 5 RW 5 Wie; 5 QWi E +g :G+78e 5 YRzeT 5

}
5E8E Ra-7:8
Y%Rb:8+W'e%:G+78e 5 #+M'3RW 5 R$:87 5 5 WieL; 5 UCJ? E8E ) 5 W<e; 5 .e%:G>7Ge 5 5%EGE RXVPe#7:8
=%$
VRW<&:G78'RKS+T 5 + zR0V[e7:8
+VZRWi 5 R$:878:G78.R'S>T 5 + z
0C R$:G7U.e%:8+787G+:8S+T 5 ]iRW 5 Wie; 5 g :G>7Ge 5 Y%R<:8+W RW 5 Wie; 5 'e%:G>7Ge 5 e 5
7UW 5 1>78;;$>.7 5 RW 5 W<e; 5 ;(:G78.R'S>T 5 +mz0ze07:8l

C6 5 Wie; 5
'e:8+78e 5 5%EGE RBL>e E RWi<:87G'RKS+T 5 ;+e%:G7 5 ;$+M'V E +W:G+7 0L7G:G5+ C
f 7U^:8+e%:87k7G E5 M.1+7[ E8E a 5 e7P.: 5 V 5 ;$>7 W 5E :8+e%:87ZRW<+e%:87 5 eX H W<>7 5 ;$a: 5 >e E
R$:8.M'._N; 5%E 5 W 5 M 5 5 9>;yC fZ5 78]+W}V E8E5#E W 5E :G7U78')'e= H :G'M{CI1 4`4 eT 5 5 e E +R
;$NK;$.7dY%R^>W<'e9 5 : 5 W<7dY%Re; 5(5 78Ig$.W 5 : 5 +e0 5 7@RW

V 5 E eT 5E t E `;$+1
5 e E RW<.7 5bEG W3 5 M 5
;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 5 WieL; 5 5 R)RM'7k: 5 ;JL7G:Gn

; 5 5 Wie; 5
> E 73}>e:878; 5 W E :G78R$:GR7UY%R# E :UWi E g :8+78e 5 !#c{ Cs& E EGE
E :G78R$:8R78J] 7878'JL7G:Gn

;^RW 5 R$:87 5 d Wi E +g :G+78e 5 C[ EGE .W}V E ^:G+e%:U78W 5%E
RW)>e%:87 5 eX H W<>7 5 ;$0M 5 5 9>; E Vt.78+W 5%E > E 7 EGE E(EG W0 5 M 5%EE +W<78) 5 W E ;$R E
5 e E :G78RS E Y%Ra E :8T 5 >W 5 e7 P .: 5 e(1+7U;;$V(W) E Wi( 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 5 R0 5 We>e9 RWi
;$>M' E C l E8E5<E 'e >3Y%R);$>+ E T 5<E >7800;(R:G'M.'_>7 E +W<78J07 5 ;$RS>T 5 ; 5 F Wi E
'e:8+78e 5 V$ 5 Ea5 @ f .eL;$R_b) E8EG5 C
j>M.'_+W<+e%:8V$ E8E ^] 5 5 W) 5 7G:8W<+e%: 5 Y%R(;$ E *vW 5E Ck R E vV 5

( E :87U E +W<78
E8EG5 +'; 5 5 W 5 -e:8+78 5 7^#>M.3Y%R3 E :G'1+7 Wi E 78Ig$.W 5 C`= 5 g$+W<M 5 VL:G>7 W 5%E
E H:8RS>T 5 W 5E :G7U;e R7U}C'"Cs E g :G>7GeW<+e%:GV:8+W 5E U9Wi; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G 5 !#c{V$Y%RV 5 1+78 +7 5 : 5 +ez 5 787G>e%:GeL0>;$>');$(+e%:G7U;V
U9W< 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5
!"
XC,? E :GV6 5 7 E R-1>_Vd 5 e EG5 W< 5%E : 5 +e E Q p V@;+ 5 E

U9W<89UGV 5 78: 5 78e7;YR+MKU9LWi;V 5 e EG5 W< t Cz?dW E +RK;V[U9Wi
78>R7 E .1W)>e%:G 5 ))
!#c{V@Y%RVd 5 7 E RL&1+_V6U9Wi;$ze 5 1 5&5 ))
!#c{C? EGE
E +Re;U9Wi;- 5 e EG5 We%:8T 5 V
))
!#c<Y%RV 5 M'9eL; 55 M 5 5 I9>;yVÙ9Wi* G ){ C\ 5 78: 5 7GeL7#; 5 * G )i
; 5 ))
!"
X V 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 ))
!"
( 1>7G > 5 : 5 +e 5 7878+e%:GVti 5 W 5 ]<RW

+ VB+M'
5 e EG5 W<d E8E k: 5 +ez 5 R E vV;$>+';.Rb 5 7[eT 5 RMK7[^7:8*>M E @;7 5 ;RS+T 5 PFU9Wi
))
!#c 78J E +Re;J:87G'RKS+T 5 C? EGE `] 5 5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5 ;$ E v; 5 C[= 5 :8V>e%:8T 5 V
Y%R 5 5 Wie; 5 @ M f |E >7G1)L7U 5 78S>7 5 m 5 e E RW<'7 5

;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 !#
X C
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G s X
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
statement
ifstatement
consome: if (
expression
consome: a == 0
consome: )
statement
ifstatement
consome: if (
expression
consome: b == 0
consome: )
statement
atribstat
consome: a = a + 1
consome: ;
consome: else
statement
atribstat
consome: b = b + 1
consome: ;
j[.R780C'" u 4 9Wi; E ; 5 m 78z E e'e9; 5E C
?^VP7U# 5 e+M.R'7NV:G>W 5E NJ

E 'W<M'+W<+e%:8S E ; 5E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 E E
g$78 E8EG E ;e 5E8E aM''eR>WC[`Y%R:UW0L]>WeLT 5 9e;^;$@'W< 5 7:Ue%:GF E +7Z 5 W<>e$p
:8; 5 VL 5 E E8E E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e EÊ T 5 t+eL E RW<#7G>7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 ; E 7 5 ;$RS E W 5E :G7U; E
e 5 + :GRM 5 )J 5 W)>e%:8; E C
F p ; Z&[SG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{- 9:;%<:=?>=S/BEDb@

\
_
d > v%n:CyE{-%y Q % " ! { > v%n:Cy{
e HQJ G }] }] }] } ]( } ] } HJ G
g
h
i p ; Z&[THJ > G v&n:CyE{
k
Frq
FuF
Fr\ KG :U>yE{!yQy 9Q6 }](& UQ } { KG :U>y{{
Fr_
F|d p; :U>y{
Fre Z&[tKG
Frg
Fh
Fri
Frk JQH =Q: G v%n:CyE{yy %Q }] & # }] 6} { JH =Q: G v%n:Cy{{
\uq
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

"
!0/
i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z "
\F p; Z&[TJH =Q: G v%n:Cy{

\u\
\u_
\d
\ue %y 9Q }]& bQ } { a =L K ;&:CyE{
\ug
\h
\ui
\uk p; Z&[ a=L K ;&:CyE{
_uq
_F
_u\
_u_
_d
_ue y
_ug
_h ^ZbHK: LQ<; H^L%K; = H^ K=} ]
_ui K YQYZbHLQ; ^ H = K HK} ]
_uk UY%HpJ=Y yE{ H K HK} ]
dq J6G ]
dF 9% }SG v&n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{ 9QQ } {
d\
d_ p; Z&[ =Q:<Y Z ^ K yE{
dud
de
dg
dh G v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{y Q }SG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yE{{
di
dk
euq
= 5 ;$.78:878 5 92 5 Q9

E b+e 5 e%:G7Ui#e 5 1I<1+7 E T 5 ; 5 e 5%EGEG5 7UY%R'1 5 C v vYR3'W)M.+p
W<+e%:8#eM. E E 'e%:8:8'>#; 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NC E 5 Wie; 5%E 78i+7GK7 5 m E T 5#5%E
W< E W 5E W 5E :G7U; 5%E e 5 + :8RM 5 /
`^T WT^di_&dKX^&]7^`X`h=^[XM7XZ3X

bh&_
bh&_
`^T X^&]7^`T^&di_&dWXh=^[7M Z6=^&]^
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

!0
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
l eM'R'R$p E V:8W3t]+W}Ve 5 ;.78:878 5

!19L0RW7 5 7UWic*
.6 .) XGiY%R
5E8E RaRW 1+7 E T 5 ; 5 +} 5 W M.Re E +787 5E3E 'e:U:8' 5E C 5 +g NR$:U78W 5E05 e 5%EGEG5
5 W<.MK; 5 7a7U)eM. E 7a E8E 7UY%R'1 5 V 5 $:G>W 5%EF5#E >R'e%:G(7G E RM.:8; 5
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXd\=iXb'[XS^&Scb=`\OZ

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXdX\c=iXb'[XS^&Scb=`\OZ ZZZ
[:`\X[7S_d_=a f:_i ^&Shb[_ ~} `\7hf[ Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
Z=ZXZ
' Z=ZXZ
Z Z=ZXZ
c Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
= ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
W Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
a _ b=`^7h dXd\di7\X[7a

c} & [7S^`S:b=` dXd\&diX\X[a
W<+e E +W W 5E :G7Upre 5%E Y%R EE +78'W 5E 5E8EG 1+ E : 5 +e E E t+7U; 5%E t E }:87G.p
RKS+T 5 abâLC0? E YR>>W 5 pre 5E ;$i 5 M 5 +7 5 5 e%: 5 pX+pX1 7GRMK#t E E8E ) 5 Wie; 5 V 5
Y%R 5 7G''e 5 R 5 >7G7 5 C(= 5 :8)Y%RVyt E 7J;$0 5 e%:G>7(;$'1>7 EG5E +787 5%EE .e%:U:GK 5%E V EG5 W<+e%:G 5
78.W<>.7 5 ]W 5E :G7U; 5 5 eM' E 78W 5EJ5 78Y%R'1 5 +.6
.)Uc){GC l E : 5 5 7UYR 5
e 5%EGEG5 m eT 5E #78>+Rt+7U; 5 >7G7 5 :G+78W<.eL E Rg$NRS>T 5 C-= 5 > :GRM 5 o1>7G>W 5E
5 W 5 'W<M'+W<+e%:87`7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$+787 5 e 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NC
l eM'R'R$p E Vd:8W3t]+W}VFe 5 ;$.78:878 5 !N9:L 5 78Y%R'1 5 8Y%R 5 e%:8]+W RW

7 5 78W<3g :G78+WiW)>e%:G E 'W<M' E
`&h=îXi
b[7S^g
b[7Sf

7P
`Y%R 5 ;$+78'<9LI1+7`RW 5 e .: 5 V 5 E i;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$b178'I1+ E YRb.e'+'#i+M' EGE
5 ;+78' E +7<: 5 Wi; 5 W RWi,;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$17GKI1> E)5 RQ 5 W 5 RW<,;>MK7US>T 5 ;$
W<]: 5 ; 5 V E t+eL E<5E ; 5 E 78.W<+'7 5E : 5 +e E 5E8E >W 5 e E K;$>78; 5E 7U;$>+';.7#Y%RM
7 5 ;$RS+T 5 R$:G'M'._N7NC M. 5E +W<+M'9e%:8 5 5 787G 5 W ;$>+M'78S+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 !0C\s E
i i
i i
i i
^`g= X~ = W 7W ~ X ~X U XT^&_ X X

i i
Ou
Z +(F #x) X
*0L^[+Z /
I E
.6
%
5 m 5 ^+7U; 5 5 W RW M 5 5 9N;;$}:G7 : 5 >e E e E8E z 5 e%: 5 V 5 Y%R E5 M.RL 5 e 5
7P
5 e .: 5 CdW 5%E g$NR$:U7 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7kR$:G'M.'_>e; 5 5 tS>T 5 78( EGE
7 5 78W<C E ; 5 $:8';0] E +R.e%:8
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7aX_gX7K ZXZW7iXi^fTh=_i&W&aX_gXX Z

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wa7_gX= Z ZZZ
^7h=hOU TXd\&Xd^f
^7hXhOU `&h=î=i&hb=iS
^XhXhOU `h=îXiaX_`&h
\[:if:_=aS\_[VU `&h=îXi
\[:if:_=aS\_[VUX $ M^ U '
^7hXhU `&h=îXig\=a
\[:if_=aS\&_[VU
^7hXhOU ]^&d7a7_`&h aE\\"] ^ ` $ ZXZ=Z
:b=i7bS_=aS\_[VU b[7S @ T_`S_=aS\_[VU b[7S
:b=i7bS_=aS\_[VUX $ M^ U ^ | T_`S_=aS\_[VUX $ M^ X
:b=i7bS_=aS\_[VU | T_`S_&aS\&_[VUp
_&S=7d=[U]^&d7a7_`&h aE\\"]X ` $
$ $
^7hXhOU ]^&d7a7_`&h
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU b[7S
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU= $ M^ U ^
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU= $ M^ U g
_&S=7d=[U]^&d7a7_`&h
\[:if_=aS\&_[VU
^7hXhOU ]^&d7a7_`&h aE\\"] ^ ` $ ZXZ=Z
:b=i7bS_=aS\_[VU b[7S @ T_`S_=aS\_[VU b[7S
:b=i7bS_=aS\_[VUX $ M^ U f | T_`S_=aS\_[VUX $ M^ X
_&S=7d=[U]^&d7a7_`&h aE\\"]X ` $
$ $
b=i7bS_&aS\&_[U @ T_`S_=aS\_[VU :
^7hXhOU f:_&S=Q\&aXa7_`&h
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU b[7S
\[:if:_=aS7\&_[VU= $ M^ U f
^7hXhU f:_S=Q\=a&g\=a
\[:if_=aS\&7_[VU
^7hXhOU T^&d^fhb=iS
_&S=7d=[U"T^&d^fhb=iS
\[:if_=aS\&7_[VU
^7hXhOU iS^&S7_f:_[7S
^7h=hOU ]^d7a7_`&h aE\M\"] ^ ` $ ZXZXZ
:b=i7bS7_=aS\&_[VU | T_`S_=aS7\&_[VU b[7S
:b=i7bS7_=aS\&_[VU | T_`S_=aS7\&_[VU iSXd:b'[7
:b=i7bS7_=aS\&_[VU | T_`S_=aS7\&_[VU= $ M^ X
_ &S&7d=[VU]^d7a7_`&h aE\M\"]= ` $ 7a $
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

,
!0
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
\[if:_=aS\&_[U

&_ S=7d=[UpiS^&S7_f:_[7S
_&S=Xd=[VUnf:_S=Q\=a&g\=a
_&S=7d=[Uf:_&S=Q\&aXa7_`&h
\[:if_=aS\&_[VU
_&S=Xd=[VU`&h=îXig\=a
_S=7d=[VU`h=îXiaX_`&h
_&S=7d&[VU`&h=î=i&hb=iS
\[:if:_=aS\_[VUX \ X
_&S&7d=[VU"TXd\&Xd^f
!& [7S^`S:b=` dXd\&diX\X[a
@M f V
k*vbY%R E ;(W 5E :G7UJY%R EdE T 55E W<]+: 5 ; 5E U9Wi; 5E Y%R EdE T 5J5%E : 5 +e E 5 e$p
E RW<'; 5%E +W +;JRW;+M' E CZs 5E :G7UV:UW3t]+W}V%YRLe; 5 +g$ E :G`RW 5 W<e; 5
f
Y%R EFE T 5b5E : 5 +e E 1 E .:8; 5E eL31+78 >S>T 5 ; 5E M 5%5 9N; E CO 5 > EG5 ; 5 5 WieL; 5
ep
:G E ;$,
de 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
L

C=#7G'W<+'78):8+e%:8:G'1Vt E8E b 5 Wie; 5 @
:G>7GW<'e 5 W Ig$.: 5 ;$>+';p E } 5 7<:G>e%:87#eM' E 7<>e:878;- 5 7iW)> 5 ;RW .

Cd%0e 5<E +Re; 5 + E5 V +W3 5 7U3:G7I EaE W3 5 M 5E :8+e9W E '; 5 1 E .:8; 5E V 5 :8+7U>.7 5 eLT 5
+ E 5 W 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMK &
FV 5 73 E8E5 V 5 + E W)>e%: 5 ]<:G+e%:U; 5 5 W 78Ig$.Wi
5E8E ''M.K;;VY%RJ]#!"
%$
C
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

o
!0 q
i i
Captulo 5
Tratamento de Erros
Sintticos
5 W<'M'; 5 7bY%R<:8+W 5E :G]# 5 7U;$ E +W<t+e9 E 'W)M. E :878;<:G+e%:U778> 5 p
e9N>7dRWib+;$+Kb;$ 5 78; 5 5 W RWi7UWi:GK+(I1 E 7 5 R E R7G 5 + E5 E8E5 eT 5bE v
5E8E 1>M{C m <+;$+K;3+e%:878;#eT 5E 0>eY%R;$7Ui>We+e9 RWi7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 ;#78Wip
:GK+V$e 5E8EG5 m W 5E :G7U0+WY%RJ 5 e%: 5 ;0+e%:878;3eLT 5 5 y 5E8E 1>Mt_+>7 5 > E W<+e%: 5 V
+e%:UT 5 V:G>7GW<'e E Rg$NRS>T 5 C?dW>78M{V E8E J'e;$K+S+T 5bE +781`L7UbY%R 5 R E R7G 5 5%EGE
K;$+e%:G >7 5 +787 5<E .e%:8:GK 5<5 5 7G78'; 5 V 5 7878..7`)+e%:G7U;3beM' E prMKbe 5 1W<>e:8C
? E8E )7 5 + E8E5 5 ;$ E +7(+e%:GN;$'e%:G E 5 XH

e W<+7 5 ;$)+787 5EE 'e:U:8' 5E ]078e;$Vt 5 E
<+;3+g$>RLS+T 5 ; 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NV 5 R E R7G 5 ;$+1 N;$H:U7 5 7UY%R'1 5 ;$J+e%:G7U;V M 5 +M.'_>7
5 +787 5 VP 5 787G'.prM 5 <78+'eKK7 5 7 5 EGEG5 C m +78'z.e%:8+78 E8E e:8 E 0e 5E8E5 5 W<'MK; 5 7 5%EGE
+_;$W 5%E :8787#: 5 ; 5E5 RBV L>M 5 W<+e 5%E V(;$'1+7 EG5E >7G7 5EzE 'e%:8:GK 5E ;$RWi E 1+_C
E8E .W}V 5 =H
e W)>7 5 ;$(H:8+7US E 5 W<'M'pr 5 787G' E >7GKb78>;$R_+K; 5 C f 7U3Y%RJ EGEG5 5 e%:8>S+V
5 5 W<'M'; 5 7(;$+1 E +7J+_3;078>+RL>787p E b; 5 >7G7 5#5 5 7G78'; 5 ) 5 e%:G'e R7 eeM' E
E .e%:8:GK+C l EGEG5 e+W E >W<7Gi]<'M{V[ 5 E +eY%Re%: 5 }+e%:G7U;> E z 5 W E 7 5 ;$RS E
;7UWi:8'>V] E 'W<M. E L7U 5 m ;$>+';.7JY%R E 7 5 ;$RS E ;$>1>W E +7: 5 W<; E 7U
78> 5 e9N+7b&+;+KC fZ5 78]+W}V[Y%Re; 5 RW>7G7 5E 'e%:8:GK 55 5 7G78V: 5 7Gep E <Wi E ;$. +.M
;$NK;$.7^ 5 W 5 5 e:8.e R7ae 5 7GN 5 e9>+.W<+e%: 5 ; 5 78 E :8e%:GJ;<+e%:G7U;C
l e$ +M''_+W<+e%:GV 5 %I1 4`4 eT 55 +78>+ 5 ; E +e 1 5 M.1>; 5 70W0RH: 5E 78>+R7 EG5E 78Y%R
E *v}'W)M.>W)>e%:8;RWi78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$#>7G7 5E '+e%:8C& W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R#R:G'M.'_>7G>W 5%E
bY%Rb E :8R;78+W 5%E Y%RB]b 5 e9NK; 5 5 W 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$37G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 505 R}W<]: 5 ; 5 ; 5
e' 5 C[k+78+W 5E 'eKKM'W<+e%:GY%RM 5 5 e>H: 5 ;$ E8E `W)]+: 5 ; 5 V+e%:UT 5 V%;$ E +R$:G'7G>W 5EkE R
'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 R$:G'M'._Ne; 5i5 %I1 4`4 C
5.1 O mtodo de ressincronizao

l eKK78+W 5E(5 E :GR; 5 ; E8E <W<]: 5 ; 5 5 W RW g$>W)M 5 C0dW 5%E : 5 W<7 E +R'e:8<7Up
Wi:8'>
o
i i
i i
i i
=L OzQX ss%RQR %zQX sCs n=Q< G X
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
S aAcd
A gh
2 R+78+W 5%E eM' E 7[ +e%:G7U; l'&& C D +7 W 5E e 5 e 5E8EG5 m ;$ E ++e;$>e%:Ga7GNR7 E .1 5
RW<iU9LWi;) 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 p; Y%R 5 e E5 W) 5 : 5 >e i;<+e%:G7U;m

RW<iU9LWi;) 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R 5 e E5 W) 5 m
A

5 W<]: 5 ; 5 :G>e%:8U970e&+e%:G7U;RW $2Y%ReT 5 E :8 V6+e%:8T 5 VkRW >7G7 5
E 'e:U:8' 5)5 5 787GC
K;$]>' ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$F78 E8E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ]d_>+7[ 5 W\Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 n; eT 5(E v :8; 5

5 7k E8E F>7G7 5JE 'e%:8:8' 5 ^YR` 5%EGE 5 e%:G'e R7dJeM' E 7k(+e%:878;C f[5 7G]>W}V E 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
E 'W<M. E W<>e:8b+W<.:G'7 RW<W<+e E +W ;$3>7G7 5 378: 5 78e7^g$>+RS+T 5 7U 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
;

Y%R 5 U9LW 5 RBVRW 5 R$:87 5 >7G7 5bE 'e%:8:GK 5 '78 5 5 7G78+7NV 5 Ed5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 E L>78Y%R;+ 5 E
;0U9Wi; g$ E :83e>e:878; 5 : 5 +e oV 5 Y%ReLT 5b5 5 7G78V1 E : 5 YR 'e;:G+W 5%E
e)+e%:878;0i>;$>' p C
fZ5 7^ EGEG5i5 W<]: 5 ; 5 VL 5 ;$:8>:87RW>7G7 5iE 'e%:8:GK 5 VL;$+17G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>7F<>e:878;
5 W 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM[YR E 3 E t+7U#78> 5 e9N>7>CJ^Wi:G+e%:U:G'1;$ E 3_++7( EGEG5 ]< 5 e$p
E RW<.e; 5 : 5 +e E ;+e%:G7U;i:G]3Y%R)7GNS+iM.RWY%R3 5%EGE ..M'H:80# 5 e%:G'e RK;;$0;

o
eLM' E C s E YRL E#E >7GKW E8E E : 5 >e E W< 5 ,';]+K E >7GKR$:G'M'._N7 5 5 ev*Re: 5
J =@Ee; Cy E8E 'W}V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$>1< 5 e E RW)'7 : 5 +e E ;z+e%:G7U;#:8])Y%R<7GNS+
}J X@Ee#

RW E W3 5 M 5 t+7G:G+eL+e%:8 5bE +R# 5 ev*Re%: 5 E b;+ 5 E 78: 5 7GeL7kg$NRS>T 5 7U
; C?@W ; V:GR; 50E EGE 5 W 50E (bg$NRS>T 5 ;$ :8.1 E8E E K; 5 t+W)p E R+>;$K;(3eM' E
5 e%:G'e%RLVZ 5 W>7:8+_N;$zY%RVt+M 5 W<+e 5%E V 5 7GIg$'W 5 : 5 >e;}+e%:878;}.7U> E 7
5 W7 5 ;$RS>T 5E +e; 5 R:G'M.'_>;C 465 W E8E E W 5 ; >S E V 5 m ; E +eL;$+e%:G`78>+R7 E '1 5
>78')M' 5 5 W 5<5 $;$' 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi0o$C'"
F p ; &Z [ yE{ 9:;%<:=?>=BED

\
_ Z a-yL J :Q; j6G&H B K %n G ``=@E{
d = =Y vCyE{
e CH yE{ G
g
h Z ayL J :; j6G&H B K %n G ``L2E{
i = H =Y G vCyE{
k
Frq Z ay=L J :=Y ; jvCG&yH {B K &n G `Q` [ {
FuF H G
Fr\ G Y^ G = LU::;&:Cy?lE LQ; := ;lfAL :Q; B %n yE{Sf
Fr_ Z?HK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^?n j6G G&:H= [ K; G[ l%{
F|d
Fre
Frg G Y^ G = LU:Q:;%:Cy?l LQ; := ;!lfAL :; B &n yE{tf
Fh ZbHK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^bn jG G&:H= [ K;3GLl&{
Fri
Frk
\uq G Y^ G
i i
i i
i i
}
$ &

%q-
!0
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+`` %q
\F ZbHK = K6Z Lb::;%:y?lE H L%; HK := [ ;-lfSL J :; j6G&H B K %n G y{Sf
\u\ l G ^bn G := [ ; =l%{
\u_
\d
p; Z&[ C yE{
\ue
\ug
\h K :QMa yL :; B &n `ù<{
\ui Z J jG&H K G
\uk = H =Y G vyE{
_uq
_F Z a= yL J=:QY vC; j6yEG&{H B K %n G `` N E{
_u\ H G
_u_ G Y^ G Z?HK = K6Z LU::;&:Cy?lE H LQ; HK := [ ;-lfMl L J :^bn; j6:G&= H ;B K %n G l%{f
_d G G [ N
_ue Y^
_ug G G = LU::;%:Cy?lE LQ; = ;-lfML :; B %n y{tf
_h ZbHK KZ H HK [ l JG ^bn G j6:=G&H[ ;K <G l%{
_ui
_uk
L%= L yu&v6L n ; {
dq K N G K6Z HmG
dF %6^ KG >B G :Q:/B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^Q=Q< G yE{{
d\ LQ; H ^ J > G JQHK6Z Yy 2L E{
d_
dud
de
dg
p; Z&[ ZbHK = K6Z LU:Q:;%:Cy K : ZbH <z^{
dh
di
dk K%N :;& H6G A&vL G n K6Z ; H y^{
euq
eF
p; Z&[ LQ; H ^ J > G JHK6Z Yy Z?HK
K {
eu\
eu_
NZ Y G yL J :; jG&H B K &n G u` K {
ed = H =Y G vCyE{
eue
eug
; ?A? o
S ;6 :o D&NO? o >D ?: C
=^ EGE e 5E8E 'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]i78 E 5 e E I1+M[ 5 7M'eS+7

RWi+g$+>S>T 5 ; 5 :8. 5 CW<]: 5 ; 5 5 e EG5 W<#>e:878;
:8]^Y%R`RW;:G>7GW<'e; 5 : 5 +e E v(+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 C? 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 R$:G'M'._NJRWi 5 e E :87GRS>T 5
SXd W`^&S`Q
o >D ?: C
7U&:G+e%:U7<7GN 5 e9>++7<7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 5E +ReT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
VP>W > EG5 ;$0+787 5 V'78#U9LWi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R3_0#7G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5
;$ E v;C
s E 5 ;+W 5E _+>7z.e;RW 5 R 5 W<+M'9 5 7; 5 Y%R- E8E5 CdW 5%E : 5 Wi7z 5 W 5
g$>W)M 5 E >R'e%:GJ7UWi:GK+
S aAcd | bAef
A gh
=^ EGE 3+ E5 V J XEe 0 5 ;$>W 5E R:G'M.'_>7 E8E E ; 5 E : 5 +e E 78<+ :GRL7
#78 E8E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 C fZ5 7G]>WV E 3 E :G'1>7GW
(A) = {c, e} 5%E R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 #78'W)>.7Ui7 5 ;$RS>T 5 ;$ ; VL;$ E +p
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G X DbsQs
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
v78+W 5%E R$:G'M'._N7 5 #L7U}_>+707GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$#>7G7 5E V[eT 55 + C&? E # E :8.1+78W 5%E
R$:8.M'._Ne; 5 E >ReL;J7 5 ;RS+T 5 ; ; V;$ E *v7G>W 5E R$:8.M'._N7 5 ^78(_+>7@J7GNRt+7US>T 5
;$<+787 5E Vy)eLT 55 +C l EGEG5 5 78Y%R E _>+78W 5E 7G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 5 W 5 : 5 >e->7G7U; 5 V
; C E8E 'W}V% 5 ;$+W 5%E M.:G+7U7 5 e 5E8E5 m V$t+78W<H:8.eL; 5

RWe 5 1 5 >7G7 50E 'e:U:8' 50E R7G.7Ub>W
Y%RJ)>;)U9W<;3; E *v)'e$ 5 78Wi; 5 V% 5 7aW<+ 5 ;$JRW78W)+:G7 5 V Y%RMP] 5 : 5 +e
;$ E .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 E >7FR:G'M.'_>; 5 Ck? E8E )MH:8+7US>T 5 ]W 5%E :878;3e 5 7 5 7UWi0oC
F p ; &Z [ yE{ 9:;%<:=?>=B

\
_ Z a-yL J :Q; j6G&H B K %n G ``=@E{
d = =Y vCyE{
e CH y 2L G E{
g ayL :; B %n ``L2E{
h Z J j6G&H K G
i = H =Y G vCyE{
k
Frq Z ay=L J :=Y ; jvCG&yH {B K &n G `Q` [ {
FuF H G
Fr\ G Y^ G = LU::;&:Cy?lE LQ; = ;lfML :; B %n y{tf
Fr_ Z?HK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^?n j6G :G&H= [ K; G[ l%{
F|d
Fre
Frg G Y^ G = LU:Q:;%:Cy?l LQ; = ;!lfAL :; B %n yE{tf
Fh ZbHK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^bn j6G :GUH= [ K;GLl%{
Fri
Frk
\uq G a-Y^ G yL :Q; B %n `` E{
\F Z J j6G&H K G O
\u\ = H =Y G vCyE{
\u_ C
y G E{
\d
\ue Z ayL J :; j6G&H B K %n G `` G E{
\ug = H =Y G vCyE{
\h
\ui Z ay=L J :=Y ; jvCG&yH {B K &n G `Qùa{
\uk H G
_uq G Y^ G = LU::;&:Cy?lE LQ; = ;lfML :; B %n y{tf
_F Z?HK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^?n j6G :G&H= [ K; Gal%{
_u\
_u_
_d G Y^ G = LU:Q:;%:Cy?l LQ; = ;!lfAL :; B %n yE{tf
_ue ZbHK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^bn j6G :GUH= [ K; GG l%{
_ug
_h Y^
_ui G G = LU::;%:CylE LQ; = ;!lfAL :; B &n yE{Pf
_uk ZbHK K6Z H HK [ l J G ^bn jG :G&H= [ K; GO l&{
dq
dF
d\ p; Cy {
d_ Z&[ ZbHKtj
dud
i i
i i
i i

$%&

-,
!"> "
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+``
de K :QMa yL :; B &n `ù<{

dg Z J jG&H K G
dh = H =Y G vyE{
di
dk Z a= yL J=:QY vC; j6yEG&{H B K %n G `` N E{
euq H G
eF G Y^ G Z?HK = K6Z LU::;&:Cy?lE H LQ; HK := [ ;-lfMLl J :^?n; j6:G&H= B K;% n G l%f{
eu\ G G [ N
eu_ Y^
ed G G = LU::;%:Cy?lE LQ; = ;-lfML :; B %n y{tf
eue ZbHK KZ H HK [ J j6G&l H K^?n G:= ; <l%{
eug G G [
eh L%= L yu&v6L n ; {
eui K N G K6Z HmG
euk %6^ KG >B G :Q:/B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^Q=Q< G yE{{
guq LQ; H ^ J > G JQHK6Z Yy j {
gF
gu\
gu_
gd p; Z&[ ZbHK = K6Z LU:Q:;%:Cy K : ZbH <z^{
gue
gug
gh K%N :;& H6G A&vL G n K6Z ; H y^{
gui
guk p; Z&[ LQ; H ^ J > G JHK6Z Yy Z?HK
K {
hq
hF NZ Y G yL J :; jG&H B K &n G u` K {
h\ = H =Y G vCyE{
h_
hrd
>;b7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 +W ; 5 7878 E 5 e;$`RWi)U9Wi;;$ E :G'e%:8);$ V 5 7F E8EG5 V% 5 ;$+p
W 5E L E8E 7[L7UW<:87 5%E ;$ E :G'e%: 5%E 7U(7GNRt+7US>T 5 7UJ+;(RWib;$+MK E CZ= 5 :8^Y%RVe
1>78;;$V 5 :G>e:U78W 5E _>+7)78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 V%e>W E +W<78(:G+78+W 5%E RWi" H eK+< 5E p
E .'M'';;$V 5 R E vV$e>W E +W<78 :8+W 5E RW RHeK 5 : 5 +e}YR E +781J 5 W 5<E 'e7 5 e'_>; 5 7NC
5%E( 6 o >D?:C ;$>1>7GKW E +7 5 ev*Re%: 5%E
=zWi 5 78'; E 1+_> E VtR:G'M.'_>W 5%E RW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 Cb E8E 'W}V 5E 78W)+p
:G7 5E Y%R E T 5 L E8E ; 5E 7U 5E W<]: 5 ;
;$J: 5 >e E V%eLT 5 RW E 0: 5 +eBC
? E8E zg$+W<M 5-E .W<M' E 78 E +e%:U 5 5 e>H: 5 E K 5 ;:G]NeK+&;$78>+RL>78S+T 5 ;$
+787 5E YR '7G>W 5E R$:G'M'._N7` 5 W 5 %I1 4`4 C$sR.: 5%E 5 e%: 5E ;$+1+W.e; E +7` 5 7U;; 5E
7 5 R7U78+W 'I
5E _ prM 5 E >R'7NV Y%Re; 5 ;$ E +R$:G'78+W 5E )'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 ;)7GNRt+7US>T 5
;$>7G7 5EFE 'e%:8:GK 5E L7U 5 m ;<M''eR>W ++ C
X
5.2 Implementao da recuperao de erros

'M.K;;&Y%R 5 %I1I 4`4 e 5Ei5 +78>&7U-:G7U:87GW 5%E +787 5%E#E 'e%:8:GK 5E ] E :8e%:G
E +W<+M'9e%:8 J 5 7U;+W W 5%E :878;ae 5%E g$+W<M 5E CZ%I1 4`4 t+78W<H:86Y%R@ E 7 5 ;$RS E
e n =j E *vW 5 M 5 >; E >e%:G78F 5 e E :G78RS E SXd W`^&S`Q ^> EG5 M.RW\+787 5JE .e%:8:GK 5JE v
;$+:G>:8; 5 5 :G>e%:87(+ E 7 #>e%:G7U;# 5 W EGE E 7 5 ;$RLS E VL 5 ;$+W 5%E :878:87 E8E 0+787 5 C
i i
i i
i i

$%&

- ,
!"> %
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
:A6cD& :o D&N?
465 W 5 1 .W 5%E e 5 + :8RM 5 e%:8+78 5 7>VyRW +787 5E .e%:U:GK 5 _# 5 W Y%RiRW<+g$+>S>T 5 ; 5
:G' 5 E vMKeLS+;C EGE 'WVRWeT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 W\:G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;$a+787 5E
> E +W<>M.9e%:G
]\cba '

SXd
Q

`^&Sc`Q ^&di_ `_T7S:b\[_

WXWSXd^&S^f:_[7S\a7__&dXd\

m 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM 5E8E RU9Wi;,7U 5 R$:G7 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXVèT 5 9W3R;eS+C
fZ5 78]+W ]3'W< 5 7:Ue%:G)e 5 :87(Y%R 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMWi E .e%:G>7Ge 5 5 ; 5 ReT 5 :G7U:U7 E +R E
7878 5E +787 5%E C m eT 5 :878:87>V$RW+787 5)5 5 7G78'; 5 eiU9Wi;0.e%:8+78e)](7 5 %; 5 5 7
X
W<+ 5 ;<+g$+>S>T 5 :8] 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R +_0#U9Wi;VY%R3 5 ;$_+>7 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 5 W
:A6D% :o DNO?
z7G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 C fZ5 7J+g >W<M 5 VB E +R.7(:8+W 5E(5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 YR)U9Wi VyYR)eLT 5

_ 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;$>7G7 5E J 5 ;$V 5 7a E8E5 V$M'eS+76RW< VY%RJ]J+e%:UT 5
:G7U:U;0+W C
]\cba '

SXd
' Q

`^&Sc`Q ^&di_ `_T7S:b\[_

WXWSXd^&S^f:_[7S\a7__&dXd\ia7_ \a7_

k+78 +78+W 5%E V`>e:UT 5 V 5 W 5 .W<M'+W<>e:U778>RL>78S+T 5 ;$&>7G7 5E +W e 5E8EG5 m C
.6 &'
%
b_( 5 W
l eKKW 5E 5 WJ'eM'R E T 5 ;$RWie 5 1 5 PS+T 5 YR^ 5 ;$ E >7@R$:8.M'._N;Jt+M 5 R E R7G 5 7U
;$>R7U76b7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$>7G7 5E C[? EGE 5 tS>T 5 Y%R 5 m +W<H:U
>A
W<+e E +e E ;$ 5 W 5 E :8 E +eL; 5 7 5 + E8E ;}78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$z+787 5%E V[Y%Re; 5 E :8 5 7
M.K+;C 465 W E8E5 V[ E NS+T 5 'eKKM6; 5 e 5E8EG5 eM' E ; 5 7NVY%R#'e+M.R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V
;$>1 E >7^M.:G>78;0 5 W 5 W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi)o$C /C
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GS D X DbsQ@
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+`` "
F n69 Q= 6L U=Q6< &n6=Q:U/^ y:CY%= H <{ 9:;%<:=?>= Bu@

\ j G G
_
d Z >>nn;&;&:: Kc: =QpLQ=;&p B Z :;/B B RR >n;%: =A=^SLQY%=^^ ^ : L n :=7 ; ::;^ ;X
e Z K G G Z K G [G G J G [GtG [
g
h
i na JO =Y YAZ LA^ LQ=YQ=^QLS^tYQ = H: <QM<t :^ ; `lEffS;>n Y : :^ ; DBs sQsQl
k ZbH K KZ K Z?H G Z H Z G G Z H X
Frq ZbH;K;Y L%=; HK 9=%:6^ G<%:Q: :;%LQ:c;%p `S:QCs RRSL%; :;QRYQRt=SLQp; HK: = [;;%^ : [GS:G ::L ;n^S:^ =!ZbH KQ; KZ LQ;^ ::;^
FuF O G Hc[G&OQJ G G HK G O GS[G G J G [GSG
Fr\
Fr_ RRT a ;> ; ;ml>= l =AL%YQ=^^ Y%= Z?H= [ y : <cG=Q:<^H { :;&^T9=Q:6^ v6L n ;
Fre JO Z K K6Z Z&[ ZbH K ZbH K&N G G KZ H
Frg ;;QY =
Fh O ;;QY G = HM[G&OJ <<%&:=^tLQ;%`tp a:=
Y^ G`P a=Y^
Fri O G HM[G&OJ G G G
Frk K : ZbH <Aa Z Y G&H =?> G `llRR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p;S=A^ G :A= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;
\uq Y%= H <Pn=Q:6^ G : RRP= H =Y Z ^&= [ ;%:
YQQv Z LQ;R^ ZbHKQKZ LQ;
\F
\u\ Z?H;Kc;Y Z = >^T`ta=Y^
\u_ O G H G
\d &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y G :6^ Z ; H {
\ue RQRSYQS;ôn6=Q:?> :;^Xn6=^^%= ;^Xn6=Q:=A;ALQ;?>n YQ= ;%:
\ug a;%:y Z `Ps ZTGQ K =Q:<^BY G&H < K%[ N! D Z ff{ Z [
\h
\ui
\uk Z ayu=Q:<6^ <Z&Q=B GQ^tI&J ` =Y:^yl b [G&OQJ <%l%{z{
_uq [G&OJ K J6G
_F G aY^ G yu=Q:<6^ B =Y^yl <%: LQ;%p :l%{z{
_u\ Z <Z&%: GQG I&LQJ;&p G :cb` [G&K OQ: JJ6G G G
_u_
[ &
G
O J
_d G Y^ G
_ue %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?l^%=Q< GZ ^ =Qp=AYQ= H < b[G&OJ <& lf
_ug l <&: LQ;%p : n a Y l%{
_h %6^ Kb[G >G&OB JG v ZUK G ys{ G ZbH JK Z G
_ui
_uk
dq
dF ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQI%J =Y^y?l l&{{
d\ Z RRPYQ [ = G&HK := [ = n6= [ : ;
d_ %
6
^
>
B ; B|n: Y y?lE = <aQ:;?>z^ = =Q: n BSBtBl&{
dud n6=Q:K^ GG :A` JKHG cZbYQH= KH <HCy%G^ K[6G >ZbH B ZbH {RRSKLU: HZ [=t[
ZbH JK
de
dg
dh G Y^ G RRSY% ;t=%: p;
di a Z Y G&H =b> G `P=Q[:<6^=Q:I%J<6^Z BY G&H < K%N D
dk %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G = [6ZbH <aQ:;?>
euq
eF K :An6 =Q:6R^ RS:AL&:` Z =tM YQ= <y =%p=CB ;B Y n : =?>yua Y =b> {Q{
eu\ G H6G H H6G Z Z G H JK K G Z G&H G
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GSAX Dbs%
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
eu_ L%= L y =%p=CB ;B Y 6; ; vL n ; {T

ed K N % ^ >Z Bu; Z B|nG : K Y JHy?[ l Y G K6lZ fPHa G Y =b> fml ; a; BEl%{
eue : GQK&J : H KG JK ZbHK H Z G Z G&H G H K JH[
eug
eh
eui
euk n=Q:6^ G :CB [G&OJ <%: G L%;%p G :m` [GUOJ <%: G LQ;%p G :C
guq
gF Z ay [G&OJ <%=^{n6=Q:^ G :/B [Z ^%= O Y G K :=L ZbH <Cy{oRR [G ^%= O B(p G : O ;^ GS[ ;P
gu\ K :Mn6 =Q:^ :/B|n:;%<:=?>yE{ RRSL =b>=S;> ; ; a=QVA=P= Y ^
gu_ G N K [ I%J6G H6 Z G
gd L&= L yr9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ; {
gue K N G G K6Z HzG
gug %6^ KG >B G ::/B|n: ZbHK Y H y G B< G%KQG ^^&=Q< G yE{{
gh
gui a =YY&c
guk ZbH %6^ >B; B|n: Y yrn6=Q:6^ :/B ; ^Q; :L Ba6; v%::;%:Cy{cf
hq KG JK ZbHK H G lK j6v G&H L%=YTJ ::G ;%:6^PJaH; [ G l&{
hF %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/BLQ;G HK Z 96=Q:6^ G ::;%:f JH[
h\ lo% HK =L K6Z LT::;%:^Ta; JH[ l%{
h_
hrd
he
hg RR>= ZbH
huh ^ = LXn Y Lt : < >y v{
hi K KZ JO Z K ZbH Z ZbHK
hk
iuq ZbHK KP: Z?Hj <
^
iF ^X` K ; j6GUH >=Q< G rv
iu\
iu_ j :QM`M^^TBYQ=À^ K^ BH^ [G v^ %aC: ylb<Clyl%D{ {
id KL%= L y : J<O K vZbH %a%6j ; Ûv6L n ; {
iue K N K ZbH H[G JK JH[ G K6Z H!G
iug : G%K%J : H ^
ih
iui
iuk
kuq
kF ORRS;;Y;G >= H
;G ;%a;S = = v;ARRPLQ; p=Q^%;?: > Z% p G Y; I&J6GM^t=ZbH[Z =L%=MYL%=^ G %6=Q:%S>a; Z =YnL&= H: %= [ ;&=
ku\ RRt=;tLQK; H[bJHK O; [Z G ^ ZbH HL&:; HGSZ V=7K j ;G&H KG H J I%J6G G KG&H
ku_
kd p; Z&[ LQ; H ^ J > G HKZ Yy G LQ;%p G :Q GQK <
kue 9=Q:6^ G v6L G n KZ ; HmG
kug K : ZbH <o> GQK { K&N :;&^T9=Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
kh 9=Q:6^ G v6L G n KZ ; H
kui
kuk ; j6GUHMK ; j
Frquq
FrqF a-y <%: LQ;%p :Q{tRR ZbH a;%:U>!= ;M^Q; O : G =P: G L J n G :7= ;
Frqu\ Z [G&OQJ G G
Frqu_ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y{
Frqd %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H yl lfo> G%K fml l%{
Frque
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GS @ X Dbs
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+`` /
Frqg %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H yl % H LU:; HZ V ZbH <
GQK lft<{
Frqh
Frqui
Frquk Z a-yu<A`` HJ YY6{ K%N :;& G RRA^ G ;ALQ; HUJHK ;S HJ YQY(n:;bn6=Q<=A= G v6L G ;
FuFrq
FuFuF K ; j Y `P< yAG%K ; j6;%GUamH {yDQ{RRARRo^ n G <=;AKL ; j6<G&H; L%=;%:;P: G&a H>KG ;P=Q: p;
FuFr\ NZ G G GTH6 N6G J Z [ I%JZ
FuFr_ ay(</BLQ; HK = ZbH ^y K ; j B jZbH[ {S{oRRQ=L N ; JAJ > K ; j6G&HSH ;SLQ; HUJQHK ;
FuF|d Z
FuFre
FuFrg Z a%y ^ [G&>OJ Bu<; %: G B|nLQ:;&p G :Y { y?l ; ^& L&:; V < ; lf
FuFh KG JK ZbHK H > y ; B JQH[ {Q{H HZ ZbH K jG&H
FuFri Z K j jZbH[
FuFrk O:G=j
Fr\uq ay <%: LQ;&p :{
Fr\F Z [G&%O6J^ >G B; G B|n: Y yl &< ;&: < ; lf >y ; B {{
Fr\u\ < GQK G v K K; j6G G&H yJ{K Z?HK H RRXn G <=TnH:x%v ZbZ >H ; KK ; j6j6G&G&HH Z K j jZ?H[
Fr\u_
Fr\d K a; j y `P; < GQB K ; j6G&H``XyDQ6{% (</BL%; = ^y6&{
{oRRPa > = := =
Fr\ue Z K ;%jaAj` ZbH[: HK Z?H Z [ GUHK [
Fr\ug G K J6G
Fr\h % ^ >Bu; B|n: Y y B< ^Q^%=Q< yE{Q{
Fr\ui LQ; K9G =Q:^ JK ::;%:ZbHfKf H GRR GQKQL&G: > G = W%> :; ::;^
Fr\uk HK G ZbH G G&HK H G [GSG
Fr_uq Z a-y G ;%a
{ K%N :;& H6G t9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H y?lE%ma; JH[ n: G >= K%J : G Y%/Bl&{
Fr_F
Fr_u\ R RPYQ= <Q
Fr_u_ H
Fr_d 9Q6U 6&Q/yYQ= <{
Fr_ue H
M.>H: 5 7[ 5 ;$6e 5 :U7[YRVM']+W\;.eLM'R E T 5 ;e 5 1 5 PS+T 5 V;$'1+7 E Ey5 R$:G7U E M.:G+7US E
5 7UW'e%:G7 5 ;R_+K; E C?dMK E<E +7UT 5 g$M''>; EJ W<>;$K;YRz 5 7GW 5%E E :8R;eL; 5 -e 5 1
'W)M.>W)>e%:8S>T 5 ; 5 m C
fZ5 ;+W 5E _>+70&7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$z+787 5%E ; 5%E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E _>+e; 5 5 W YRz+;
RW 5 e9>S>VB78.e 5 VY%RMk] 5E +R 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 { 5 W 5 e 5 78'W)>.7 5
g$>W)M 5 ; E >S>T 5 o$C'"N 5 R 5 ;$+W 5E EGE 76 E8E E 5 ev*Re: 5E 5 W 5 78W)+:G7 5E E +Re; 5
P
g$>W)M 5 C fZ5 7a 5 e E K;$+7UprMKJW< E +g 1>M{V%R$:8.M'._N78+W 5E E +Re;3 5 7U;+W e 5 e 5%EGEG5
5 W<.MK; 5 7NCk\7G'W<+'7 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMy; 5 e 5%EGEG5 m ]JW 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi0oC
F p ; &Z [ n:;%<:=b>yE{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Q9v6:L ;%G <n :K6=?Z >; =H B

\ LQ;&p : <S` t L%;%p : y%{
_ G G GQK H6G G G GQK
d
e :M
g K LQYQ=^Q^QY ^ yu<{ 6&
h Z K M }
i L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
k K N G G K6Z HzG
Frq
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GS X DbsQ
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
FuF %L ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G ln:;%<:=b>l%{

Fr\
Fr_
E MH:8+7US E >H:U EkE T 5 L E :8e%:8 E .e +:G'1I E CdW 5E E :8R;prMK E 5 W+M'WiV'eK.p
SXd W`^&Sc`Q
o C
AC?5 R E 3eT 5 :G.p
eL; 5 ;;$+e%:87 5 78( 5 78UC[7 5 ;$RS+T 5 5 t 5 M 5 +;J;$+e%:G7 5 ;b 5 e E :G78RS>T 5
.
VP 5 7G:8e: 5 V E )M'RWii+g$+>S>T 5 5 77 5 ;<L>M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
1>7GW 5%E RW L E }M. E :8;$+M' EGE E V 5 +$;$. 5 ;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 `^&S`Q E >78}+g NR$:U; 5 C
o >DM?:C
l W< 5 7:Ue%:G EGE +$;$. 5 ]JI1V%eLT 5 7 5 ;$RS E eL n =jFC$= 5 + E5 V_++W 5%E U9W<;
C'A
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R( 5 B.eLM'R ; 5 eL E >S>T 5 .e'+'MB; 5 7UYR.1 5 C v vaV$ 5 7:Ue%: 5 V
'eM'R ; 5 5 W 5 RWW<]+: 5 ; 5 ;3MK E8E C? E8E ^W<]: 5 ; 5 ]W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 78WiJoC /C
dW 5E eM' E pXM 5 5 7`L7G:G E C l eKKM'W)>e%:G(:G>W 5%EÈ >R E 78W)+:G7 5E V$YR E T 5
]\cba`\[:if_ [7S:bh _7`\&]7_d _&Se

^&di_ `_T7S:b\[_
SXd:b'[7f:_&S S=QXd\Y:i ^ di_ \ `_T7S:b\[e
^di_ `_T7S:b\[
MD o :D=<7;cD7?
D o :D&< C'A6
7UW<+:G7 5 ] 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 E >7BR$:8.M'._N; 5 CMK E8E
Y%R0 5 d;$ eK;};$+e%:G7 5 ; 5 L 5 :G Vt]0'W< 5 7:U;ze 5 .e + 5 ;MK E8E C
(AA= C'A61b ?&D% D

? E8E +M' EGE a]`W 5E :G7U;J E +R.7NC= T 5 9JW3RH: 5 5 W<>e:U7dJ78 E L>H: 5 ;$+MKVt+e E Y%R

'W)M.>W)>e%:8aRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 >W Y%R@>;F+M'+W<>e: 5 ]kRW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 V
Y%Ra7G>78 E +
e%:8RW:8. 5 ;$F: 5
+e | K 5 R V+:8>C@ E[E +R E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E 78+7G E >e$p
:8W E(5 t+7US E e 5 78Wi E EG5 780 5 ev*Re: 5E 5 W 5 I
ReKT 5 VyL>7:8.e +e+';$<RW+M'+W<>e: 5
:UC
F n6=L j =Q< G : G L%;%p G : 9:;%<:=?>= B

\ >n;&: =Qp=B YB
_ Z Kc JK6Z
d Z >n;&: K YQ= H <QC
e
g n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X LQ;&p : v ^#=^
h JO Z G G GQKcG KG&H[ N GQK
i n Y LT LQ;&p : yE{tRRtL&: =ML%; ;tp=QV ;
k JO Z G G GQK Z HUJHK Z
Frq ^ n :CyE{
FuF J G
Fr\
Fr_ n Y LT LQ;&p : y {TRRSLU: =cLQ; ;SLQ;?> > n; ;
F|d JO Z G G GQK ZbHKcK Z H6UJHK J K6Z [GtK j6GUH
Fre
Frg K%NZ ^Bu= [Q[ y H6G HKG < G :y K {{
Fh
Fri n Y L ;;Y = LQ; = ^y {XRRPp : a L%=A^ ; n : L =;ALQ; ;
Frk JO Z O G H HK ZbH ZbHKMK G Z Z GtK jG&H G KG&H G HbJHK
\uq : : ^ n :/BLQ; = ^y < :Cy {{
\F G%K%J H J G HK ZbH HG HKG G K
\u\
i i
i i
i i

$%&

-%o
!"> q
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+`` o
\u_
RRPa=%VA= ; ; ^SL%; ;^
\d
n JO Y Z LT G JLQH;&pZ%G :[ GQGPKt[ JHZ Z ; H yH GUJL%H;%pK G : GQK ^{
\ue
\ug
G LQ;&p G : GQKMK ` HJ YY
\h
\ui a-y^-u` HJ YY6{RRA^ G ^T`` HQJ YYP: G%K ;%: H = HJ YY
\uk Z
_uq
_F K Bu`= yrGYYLQ;%yp^G{: G%K { K%NZ ^BLQY; H6G yE{
_u\ K [Q[
_u_ : : RRT: ;%: = > :6L :;MLQ; ;^ > ^ : :
_d G%K%J HMK GQK H J KG GZ HbJHK G [G K JZ HG&HNJ >
_ue
_ug
n JO Y Z LT G LQ;&p G : GQK : G >;&p G y ZbHKAH {XRRP: GQK6Z := J > G Y G > G&HK ; [ ;ALQ; HbJHK ;
_h
_ui G LQ;%p G :Q GQKAK `y G L%;%p G : GQK { K%NZ ^BLQY; H6G yE{
_uk
dq K: Br: G >: ;%p G y H6G HKGR<RPG :: y H ;%{:{ = > ;%p;ALQ; ;^ > > ;^ Y > ;^
dF G%K%J HMK G%K H J H HbJHK G J [ G G G&HK
d\
d_ RRAL&: =M^ : < ^L&: p ;M;^ ; ^ n : L >=;ALQ; HUJHK ;
dud n JO Y Z LSZ K K: Z?HZbH< K [;G K : ZbHG <G&yEH{ [ K j6G&H I%J6G G KG&H G
de
dg := ;%: ` ^B := ;%:yE{
dh KK :G Z?H K<
^T`Z&K lQl K%NZ Z&KG K
di
dk ZbHKPj
euq NZ Y G y ZUK B N =^b G v K y{A{
eF
eu\
eu_ j^P`-fÀyQY%y= HK</G :{ y Z&{TK fmB H6G ltv K ly {{B ZbHK =Y JG yE{
ed H Z j
eue : : ^
eug G%K%J H
eh
eui
euk
o >DMQ ?: C : AcDK
:o D&NO?
E +Re; 5 78W<:G7 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]&RW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :G' 5
o >DMQ ?: C

V@Y%R-;$ E 78+1}Y%RM^ 5 5 +787 5E 'e:U:8' 5 YR 5 5 7878+RBC ? EGE 78W<:G7 5 ]
g :878 ; 5 `^&S`Q ; 5 e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R<U9Wi 5 H C`? 5 MH:8.W 5 7UW<+:G7 5 ]
5 e 5 W<<; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM[Y%R) E :8#_+>e; 5 78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$)+787 5%E C= 5 > EG5 ; 5 eT 5 p
U.
:G>7GW<'eM['e'+'M[;#e 5%EGE <7UWi:8'>V:G+W 5%E5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ; E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 5 78Wi; 5 5 7
RW HeK 5 : 5 >eBVY%R] 5 @V 5 :G>78++'7 5 78W<:G7 5 ] 5 1 'W)>e%:GJRW E :G78'ei 5 W 5
e 5 W); 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM T7d\Xd^f C
E +Re;#7G:G); 5 o 6>DM:?:C ;#M.RWi E 'e$ 5 7GWiS EEG5 7G37GNRt+7US>T 5
HD=BcD o :D=<

E +e; 5 7 5 EGE ;Cds 5%E :878<Y%RM] 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM 5 e; E :8 E +e; 5 >H:U#<7GNRt+7US>T 5
'C A 'e'+'M.'_>;)e #>MA V$;$ 5 7U;

&Y%RM 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 R:G'M.'_>; 5 C\ 17GKI1>M ]RWi
I
.6 Q C
178'I1+MP;<MK E8E 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 5 W3+g$ E : >eK 5 R
eT 5 ; 5 tS>T 5
i i
i i
i i

$%&

-,
!">
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
?dW E +R';V1+78 >p E E 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ] @CXC C m b 5 7>VL E8EG5 .eL;$'>
Y%RaYR+WU9W 5 R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$ EGE 6eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM%eT 5 ;$ E v Y%RF E :GFS> 7GNRt+7US>T 5
o 6>DM:?:C V 5 :A6cD% :o D&NO?

;$`>7G7 5E V+e%:8T 5 VJ+g>S>T 5 ] E .W<M' E W<+e%:G`MKeS>; e 5 1W<>e:8Cd M.9Le; 5 EGE .eL:GR78
P:A6cD& J o D&NO?
; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 M.>H: 5 7Z'78 7G>7U7ZY%RVM']+W;$ V>M.a 5 ;$
:8W3t]+W M'eS+7(RW<}+g>S>T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 C l EGEG5 .7U 5 5 787G>7YRLe; 5 V
5 :G>e%:87#U97)RW : 5 +e2; 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 U9+%7i 5- eM
;+e%:878;C<=^ EGE i+ EG5 Vye+e9 RWi}78>RL>78S+T 5 Wi E ]) 5E8EG 1+Mk< E8E zg+>S+T 5 eLT 5 ]
>MA
:G7U:U;} 5 70e+e9%RW; 5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 E 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E ;7UWi:8'>V
/>MAQ A6cD% :o D&NO?

E +e; 5 7 5 ; 5 :G] 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R) 5 dY%R>W 'e'+ 5 ReLM' E E 'e:U:8'>C<= 5 :8
:A6cD& J o D&NO?
Y%RVe 5 VeLT 5 :G>W 5%E Wi Ek5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;`RWi V> 5 W 5 eJ1>7 E T 5
e%:8+78 5 7@; 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NVWi E V E 'W}V%;RWi f 7 5 78W<boC /V
M'.e9L)%oC
7G:G E +R.e%:GJ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]JY%R+W _3R E >0;$JRW: 5 +eze)+e%:G7U;0Y%R+ E

5 WM'RW: 5 +e&e 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 C 4 ;<: 5 >e& 5 e E RW<'; 5 ]3W 5E :G7U; 5 V
D
+ E5 E8E 5 PS+T 5 E :8*v09'M'H:U;C f 7U eM''_>7NV 3W<+e E +W 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G( 5 >7G7 5
XH
J
E .e%:8:GK 5 ]0+W<H:8';i 5 e W<>7 5 ;$0+787 5%E V.e+7G>W<+e%:8; 5 C`17GKI1>M 5 e%:87 5 M' E 5
3A6cD% J :o D&NO?
W; 5 7UYR.1 5 v0 5 :G'e'; 5 C 4 EG5 78W<:G'1 5 b+ EG5)5 : 5 +e eT 5 S+)7:8; 5
5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 V%+e%:8T 5 <+g$+>S>T 5 ]MKeS>;C
5 M.:8e; 5 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM |9!)Vk1>W 5%E Y%R#+g E :G;$NMK7US>T 5 ;178KI1+M
3:A6cD% J :o D&N?
Y%Ra]`R$:G'M'._N;J 5 W 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 L7U EGE aeT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM%F:UW3t]+W7U
<U9Wi;0
L XCdk+W 5E V'e;VY%Rb)gNS+T 5 5 B'eM'R ;
:A6D% :o D NO? VN 5 E@5

e3M. E :Ub; E +g$+>S E Y%R E8E ^W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 ;$(M'eS+7>C[=T 5 78> E W 5E 'e+M.R'7Fe E8E bM. E :U
%I1 4`4 5 e E K;$>78bY%R^: 5 ; 5E65E W<]: 5 ; 5%E ; 5%E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
5 ;+WMKeLS+7a EGE )gNS+T 5 Fvi).e+M.RBe)M. E :8C
ê%:G E ;$&7 5E8E +R.78W 5E W 5E :G7U78+W 5E RWLNY%R+e 5 g$+W<M 5 ;- 5 W 5 E8E -eT 5 p
U.
:G>7GW<'eM E 78>RL>780;$RW >7G7 53E .e%:U:GK 5 C[= 31+7U;;Ve E8E (+ EG5 eT 5 5 ;$+W 5E ;$'_+>7
g:8W<>e:8)Y%R<>M. E )78>+Rt+78C 465 W 5E +R 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ])RW @V 5
Y%R>M.#_]Vd 5 >e 5 e%:G7U7RW >7G7 5 VZ 5 e E RW)'7b:8R; 5 :G] 5 eM6; 5 7UY%R.1 5 CdW 5%E
R$:8.M'._N7 5iE +R.e%:GJ7 5 78Wi
`&h=îXiS_iS

S _ SS&Q^&Sb=i[\&S^ `&h=îXi
`&h=îXiS_iS ~

5%E 7G'W<+'78+M' EGE b
78> 5 e9>K; 5 W 5
o C
AEHD o C o C'ACQ? C fZ5 78]+W}V$ 5 +eL 5 e%:8787 5 K;$+e%:G >; 5 7 8XV 5
5 eM' E 78W 5E EGE #7 5 78Wi:G+78+W
7 5 +R787dWi E 5 76RWio C'A6Cc? 7G+: 5 78e 5 5 e%:87 5 M.`78 NC A

> V
RWi J 5 W 5 RWi
.
m ;$>+';$ eT 5
Y%R;$+1+78'<U97FRW @C 465 W 5 E :8eT 5 ]+eL 5 e%:878; 5 V$+78 :8+78._Np E ^RW+787 5)E .ep
:8:GK 5 378>+RL>78S+T 5 ] 5E :80+WS+T 5 C 465 W 5 ;$H: 5 V$ EGE b78>+RL>78S+T 5 ] E 'W<M. E W<>e:8
EGE 7b 5 7)'Wi&;$: 5 ; 5E35E ;$+Wi E : 5 +e E Vk:8] 5 W ; 5 7UY%R.1 5 C}? E8E 5 W) 5 7G:8p
i i
i i
i i

$%&

- q
!">
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+`` %q
.6
% L
W<+e%: 5 ]W 5E :G7U; 5 5 +g$>R:878W 5E e 5E8E5 5 W<'M'; 5 70 5 W EGE 7 5 78Wiz 5 tS>T 5
X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7aX_gX7Kd_`\&]7_&d ZXZWi=i^fTch&_i&WT7d7\&Xd7^fNZ

XX T7d7\&Xd^f =X
[:`d\[b b[X _SUp \
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VUiS=d:b[7K 7`\[:iS7^[7S
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU`&h=îXi
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
\X[ai [:`\[b b[7S\&_[U \
[:`\X[7S_d_=a S_ S ^Shb'[_ `\7hf[ } Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
\
`h=îXi Z=ZXZ

L7G:Gb'eKKM[W 5%E :878 5 W 5#5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM :9! :878: 5 R 5 +787 5 C m T 5 7G E >e$p
:8; 5E5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 Vy;$+ 5 E VP>;#RW ; 5E : 5 +e E 5 e E RW<'; 5%E VP:8] E
+eL 5 e%:8787 RWY%R<L>7:8+e+'} 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 C<?dW E +RK;])W 5%E :878;zW<+e E +W 5 7Gp
78 E 5 e;$+e%:8 5 +787 5 >e 5 e%:G7U; 5 C[= b78Ig$.Wi E >S>T 5 V%'7G>W 5%E ;$ E R$:8.7`M'Re E 7 5 M.>W< E
78+MK 5 eL; 5%E 5E 5 ev*Re%: 5E ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 CBk>7G>W 5%E 5 W 5 5 ;$>W 5%E :G>e%:87@W)>M.9 5 7U7
(7GNRt+7US>T 5 ; 5 e 5E8E5 m 78 +1 .:87Z:G7U:8W<+e%: 5%E eLT 5 W3R.: 5 7 5 78'; 5E V 5 W 5(5 ; 5
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM =9!)Ckê%:G E ;$ E8E5 V1W 5E 7 5%EGE +R.7k`W 5%E :8787d 5 W 5J >W 5E ;$>Wi E
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E C
\eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM O
L aeT 5 W0R;)W3R.: 5 >W78+MKS+T 5 5 ; eK; 5 e:8+78 5 7GW<>e:8
F p ; &Z [ LQYQ=^^%Y Z ^ K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9= =Q:6^ BuG 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aS`t :6^ BL%YQ=^^QY ^ B ; y<{
_ G G GQK Z K Z K JQHZ H
d
e LQY%=^^ LQYyua{LQYQ=^^%Y ^ y<{
g [G Z K
h

L

B E8E e;
J;
?dM'(U9Wi 5 5 5 W 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5(5 5 ev*Re%: 5 V Y%R
78>>L>Rb 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 V+@Wi E : 5 ; 5EB5E :8+78W<.e E Y%Rd E :8T 5 e 5 C l E8E5
(classlist)
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GS X DD?s
i i
àà(BZ)*àd*<a
5 7UYR);$> 5 E ; 5
L
&
a 5 ;$>W 5E :G>7RW
L 5 RBV+e%:8T 5 V 5 eMd;}M'K+S>T 5
;$ EGE }7 5 ;RS+T 5 C=^ EGE HM.:G'W 5 + E5 V 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ;$+1 E >7 5 W< E W 5
; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM 5 7G78+e%:GC m H:8RS>T 53E +W<+M'9e:8 5 5 7G78è3U9LWi;b7U ,
L {C m +R
5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ].RMa 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 787G>e%:GC l E8E5E 3v*R E :G +Vd 5 E<E
5 5 7G78+7bRW +787 5 ;+e%:G7 5 ;-U9Wi;Wi E 'e%:G>7GeV 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM@Y%Rz 5 aU9W<; 5
;$>1+7Ui7 5 R7U7RW :G>7GW<'eM[YR0eT 5 E :8z;$ e'; 5 e7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 5 7878+e%:GVWi E V E 'W}V
e RWi)7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 ; 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMyY%R( +_b<U9W<;C
J/? o C
AC? C? E8E 5 ev*Re%: 5 5
D o D=< v ? ]^RWib+M' EGE `Y%R^ 5E8E Rt;$'1+7 E E
`:8.M'._NW 5E e E8E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM 5 5 ev*Re%: 5
; 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5
J ; Y%RbR E 78+W 5%E 7Ui
;$ eK; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 5 :G C+M' EGE
178'I1+ E E :8:GK+ E YRb7G>78 E +e%:8WM'Re E
78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$6>7G7 5E C= 5 7 5 78Wio$Cq VW 5E :G7UW 5%E .W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 ; E8E MK E8E C?dMK

L Y%R@R$:G'M.'_> /J ? o C'ACQ? C
E .W<M' E W<+e%:GF;$ e@ E8E E 5 ev*Re: 5E Y%R@ 5 ;$+W}V+e%:UT 5 V E +7[R$:G'M.'_>; 5E L>M 5 m 5 7W<+ 5
; 5 e 5 W<6;MK E8E d6;^178KI1+MXV> 5 W 5^5 W<]+: 5 ; 5
F 6n =L j =Q< G : G L%;%p G : 9:;%<:=?>=B('

\ >n;&: =Qp=B YB
_ Z Kc JK6Z
d Z >n;&: K YQ= H <Q; H ^ K = HK ^
e RR >nY > =c;^SLQ; ;^Pa :6^ nRt=Y&< ^ B :U> = ^
g n Z Y LAG LQGUYQH=K^Q^Ta :6^ HU JHK Z K JH H KG ZbH Z
h ^ JO= Z LXn Y LTaZ K=YT L%;%p : > ; L%YS` S LQ;%p : yE{
i ^ K = KZ LXn JO Y Z LTa ZbH =YT G L%;%p G : GQK pGQ=QK%: N [LQ[YSG ` SH6G L%;%pG :G yEGQ{K
k K KZ JO Z ZbH G G GQK [G HG G G GQK
Frq ^^ K == KZ LXLXnn JO YY Z LTLTaa ZbH ==YTYT G L%L%;%;%pp G :: GQK LQLQYQ; =^^Q^Q:Y Z ^L K ` LQH6YAG S` G tLQ;%p G :QL%;%p GQK:y{ yE{
FuF ^ K = KZ LXn JO Y Z LTa ZbH =YT G L%;%p G : GQK ^ H= KY J^ KQ[` G S H6GLQ;%p :QG G y{ GQK
Fr\ ^ K = KZ LXn JO Y Z LTa ZbH =YT G L%;%p G : GQK n:K ;%<QK :=bZ >K ÀL%H6YQG=^^QY G ^ G GQK
Fr_ K KZ JO Z ZbH G G GQK Z K
F|d ^ = LS
Fre K >KZ ; LQYBu= y < :yYQ= <Q; ^ = ^BU{Q{
Frg > G%K%N ; [[G LQYBu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :yYQ= H <Q; H ^ K = HK ^B%Qb{{
Fh > G%K%N ; [[G LQYBu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :yYQ= H <Q; H ^ K = HK ^BU{{
Fri G%K%N [[G [[ H6G HKG G H H K HK
Frk p=%: LQYBu= y < :CyY%= <; ^ = ^Bb{{
\uq p=%: [G LQYBu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyY%= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B&QU{Q{
\F p=%: [G LQYBu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyY%= H <; H ^ K = HK ^Bb{{
\u\ [G [[ H6G HKG G H H K HK
\u_ LQY%=^^QY ^ Bu= y z < :CyYQ= <; ^ = ^B%{{
\d Z K [Q[ H6G HKG G H H K HK
\ue LQ; ^ : L L%YBu= y < :CyYQ= <; ^ = ^BuU6%QQQ6&{{
\ug H K J K[G [[ H6G HKG G H H K HK
\h ^ = Y ^ Bu= YYyup=Q: L%Y6{
\ui ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y [G < :CyYQ= <; ^ = ^BU{Q{
\uk ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B|9U{Q{
_uq ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B|Q{{
_F ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B|%{{
_u\ ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^BuU9{Q{
_u_ ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B&{{
_d ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^Br&{{
_ue ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B|Q{{
_ug K K Z K [[ H6G HKG G H H K HK
i i
i i
i i
=L OQT ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GSMX DDQD
i i
Ou
Z +(F nx}Z^^L@)`1@^`} *)^[+``
_h ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^B|

{Q{
_ui ^ K = K Y Z ^ K Bu= [[ y H6G HKG < G :CyYQ= H <; H ^ K = HK ^Bu& %U6&{{
_uk
dq
dF
d\
d_
M'+.: 5 7J;$>1b:8+7(e 5 :U; 5 Y%R0e 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM
L (eT 5 g$ E :8378>RL>78S+T 5 ;$
+787 5 C l E8E5 5 e%:8>< 5 7UY%RieT 5 +g$ E :Gi 5E8E ''M.K;;$#;$ 5 5 7G78+7J+787 5}E 'e:U:8' 5 ;$+e%:G7 5
eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM
L

eT 5 7 5
A6cD% :o D&NO?
;$ EGE eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXCU9Wi;& 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ; 5
e>e9 RWibg+>S+T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 V> 5 E E8E W)]+: 5 ; 5 _^:878:8W)>e%: 5 ;$(+787 5E
nJ ;
E .e%:8:GK 5%E Vy 5 W 5 1>7G>W 5E E +R.7NCb 5 78: 5 78e7(;Y%R>M'U9Wi;V 5 m '78z1>7G >7
E 5 : 5 >e 5 787G>e%:Gi E :8 5 R,eT 5 e 5 Cz?@W> EG5 78Wi:8.1 5 V EGE #eT 5 p
(classlis)
:G>7GW<'eM E +7UÛ9Wi; 5 6eT 5 ;$+1d:8W3t]+W\+7U7Be>e9 RWi+g>S>T 5 CB?dW+ E5 e+%:G'1 5 V
5 W<]: 5 ; 5E .W<M' E W<+e%:Gb78: 5 78e 5 5 e%:G7 5 M'7U<Y%R+M'3Y%R 5 U9W 5 RC6?dWW3 5E^5%E
+ E5%E V$++7G:8W<>e:8JeT 5<5 5 7G78>7G7 5)E 'e:U:8' 5 C
5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 1
L

F 5 @MH:8+7U; 5 78z_>+7J:878:8W<>e: 5 ;$i+787 5E .e%:U:GK 5 V
5 W 5 W 5%E :878 5 7 5 7UWi0oC C
F p ; &Z [ LQYQ=^^ [G LQYyr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9==Q:6^ BuG 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
\
_
d :M
e K & U Q UQ L%YQ=^^ ; Cyu<{
g }w } }A }t O [
h L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
i K N G G K6Z HzG
k L%; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G lbLQYQ=^^ [G LQYl&{
Frq
FuF
Fr\
f 7U# E8E 3eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXVeT 5 9W3R.: 55 Y%R) 5 W<>e:U7NC(= 5 > EG5 ;$)+787 5 V 5 :G7U:8p
W<+e%: 5 ]< >H: 5 e 5 78WiM'W)>e%:Gi 5 W 5 v1 E : 5 iU9Wi; L -R$:G'M.'_> 5 W< E W 5
5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 V6 5 E V` 5 7z E :U7#e 5 eM ;,7 5 ;$RS>T 5 V 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
E t+7U; 5%E L E E8E )U9W<; E T 5 +g:8W<+e%:G 5E W< E W 5E ; 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMy 5 787G>e:8C
QeT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM o C
AcB H< ]FRW 5 RL 5 W< E >M' 5 78; 5 VI+W:G+78W 5E ;$F7GNRt+7US>T 5
;$>7G7 5E CkvW 5Ea5 7 5 78Wi0o$C C
F p ; &Z [ LQYQ=^^ O ; [ Cyr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9= =Q:6^ BG 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yQ%{
_ G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yU %U6&{
d a@t `tH GZ :6^ K G B > GQK%NG ; [[GGQKLQYB JH Z ; H yuaDQ{
e aS`t Z :6^ K BLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYB JQHZ ; H ya@{
g
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Dbss X DD
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
h a!P`t Z :6^ K Brp=Q: [G LQYB JHZ ; H yuaQ{

i
k
Frq K :MQ %
FuF LQYQ=}^^QY ^ yua!6{
Fr\ y6|
#Z %/K y@{Tp=Q: [G LQYya { & %&6U } {
Fr_ yLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyua{{
F|d y> GQK&N ; [[G LQYyua@6{{
Fre
Frg Q% }
Fh L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fri K N G G K6Z HzG
Frk LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lUL%YQ=^^ ; l%{
\uq H J G HK6Z G O [
\F
\u\
>D7?Q HMHD o C&E T 5-5
dW 5E eM' E prM 5 .eKKeL; 5 t+M 5 eM;7 5 ;RS+T 5 C E : 5 >e E YR- 5 ;$+W1 '7
t E U9Wi; NU9-U9LI1 5 R 5 .e 5 ;$zRW<-e 5 1;$ e'S>T 5
;$W<]: 5 ; 5 V[v,Y%R E8E U9LWi;- 5 ; =H
E >7i7G>L+:GK;'e W)>78 E 1>_+ E C fZ5 7i EGEG5 V E +R
G J
J/? >DX? MH H7D
%C
5 ev*Re%: 5 ; E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ] V178KI1+M Y%RM 5 L:G78.R ; 5 RW 5 ev*Re%: 5 5 7GWi; 5 5 7
oC ReK; 5 5 W
^M' 5Ê +W<+M'9e:8d 5 e%:GNk 5 W Ù9W<;ae%:G>7G 5 7NV+ 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 *

) &C 465 W 5
E8E iU9Wi;):8W0L]>W 5 ;$ 5 5 787G>7F'eXHW<+7U E 1+_> E V J; ;$>1b E :U7
(construcdecl)
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$<W<]: 5 ; 5 VB 5 7:Ue%: 5 V J ;
e 5E +R- 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 C`M.]>W ; E8E5 V 5 ;$+W 5E :G>7 L E E8E #U9Wi;<RWi
FVt(methoddecl)
;$>10_>+7J7G:G<; 5 5 ev*Re%: 5
L78>>7>C E8E 'W}V 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ; E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ]`Re'T 5 ;$l 5 W J/ ? 6o ? o b?
;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 V E8E .W 5 W 5 5 E RWi#;$ eKS+T 5 ;$3W<]: 5 ; 5 5 ; 5 ReLT 5
HD o C V$:87G'R ; 5#J 178'I1+MEC

iU9Wi;)
[]3e>+ E8E 7GKW<+e%:8 E +RK;< 5 7^RW 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RM'0VL 5 7
EGEG5 V E +R& 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 ]3 5 78W<; 5 5 7( E8E n H eK 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXC ?^V eLM.p
W<+e%:GV}U9Wi;z
L J R E } 5 W 5E 'e7 5 e'_>; 5 78 E : 5 ; 5%E(5EEG W0 5 M 5%E Y%R< E :UT 5
+WEW< E65E Y%R E :UT 5 >W JC? Ec6A KHD o C VIYR E T 5b5%E6EG W0 5 M 5%E ;$ J; C
(vardecl)
= 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMn
VêT 5 9,e>e9 RWiU9Wi;,W<]: 5 ; 5%E ;$ 5 R$:87 5%E eT 5 p
:G>7GW<'e E Vt+e E 078>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$>7G7 5E e 5 7GWiM{V W 5E :G7U;0e 5 7 5 78W<)o$C'">
F p ; Z&[ p=Q: [G LQYy G LQ;%p G :Q GQK <{ K%N :9;&:;%^T<:9=?>=%:6=^ G 6BE&DbQs v6L G n K6Z ; H
\
_
d :M
e K y U
g }] %Q6U }] U } {
h y b } y U
y }AQ
Q
} { Q
{ {
i }A } }A }
k L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Frq K N G G K6Z HzG
FuF LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lp=Q: L%Yl%{
Fr\ H J G HK6Z G [G
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DbsD X DD?@
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"N "
Fr_
F|d
f 7U (
) &
P!#
$' & HV E HeK+ E U9W<; E E :8T 5 e 50 eMP; E 7 5 ;$RS E
Vy 5 7G:8e%: 5 V EG5 W<>e:8 5%E 5 ev*Re: 5E ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 Y%R0 5 7UW78>++K; 5%E 5 W 5 78p
W<:87 5%E e E8E E ; 5 E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E(E T 5 R$:8.M'._N; 5%E e E U9Wi; E CO 'e:8+78 E8E e%:G3e 5 :87
Y%RL7Ub7UWi:GK+Y%R E :UW 5E R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 eT 50E >7GKeN E8E 78 5 Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 .

_+ EGE 078>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$)+787 5%E C l E8E5 5 e%:G>+3 5 7UY%R3 EGE 3W<]: 5 ; 5 ]<U9W<; 5
t+eL E ;$>e:87 5 ;,L Vte RW 5 e%: 5 ;3;$>+ E T 5 V 5 R E *vVLYRg$.b 5 e E RMH:U) 5 M 5 p
5 9>;#78);$>+';.7Gp E E *
) &;+1 E +7Û9Wi; 5)5 R E 5 R$:G7 5 +W<'e9 5 ;$+1
*Z81
E +7`: 5 Wi; 5 C` E8E 'W}V E 3<g$>+RS+T 5 MK+eS 5 R EGE W<]: 5 ; 5 ]b 5 7UYR 5 : 5 +e 5 787G>e:8]
RW JC>e%:G7 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V EGE a: 5 >e)] 5 e E RW<K; 5 V%M 5 5 +W E +R';V
RWi#U9Wi;)] >H:U# p!"
%$ ' VyYRbeT 5 7 5 %0>7G7 5EÈ 'e:U:8' 5E C6 E8E .W}VP;$+e%:G7 5
;$
Vye>e9 RW +787 5zE .e%:8:GK 5 7GN E E +7 :G7U:8; 5 C fZ5 7 5 R$:G7 5 MK; 5 VyWie%:G>7
07GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$(+787 5E eT 5 :878M'9>We;bJL>7GW<.:GY%R 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM E v3R:G.p
M'._N; 5 ;$<Wie>.7UzW< E PLg 1+MXV 5 7+g >W<M 5E +e; 5 U9LWi; 5 ;$'7G+:8W)>e%:Gi;$ 5 R$:87 5%E
5 e%: 5%E ; 5 e 5E8E5 7 5 78W<V%Y%ReLT 5iE v 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM O
L
' C
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM @!"
$' &' i] W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWiboC.""C f[5%EGE Ry;$R E U9Wi; E
,eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E C 78.W<+'7U,] >H:U 9!Hz&R$:8.M''_> 5 I
>U9,L7 +e%:G E & 5 W 5

E .e+7 5 e'_>; 5 7NCy?- E >Re;VY%R@1+W\e 5 eM$;7 5 ;RS+T 5 VIR$:G'M'._N 5 7G78 5 L7UW<:87 5
5 W 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 C
F p ; Z&[ > GQK%N ; [%O ; [ y G LQ;&p G : GQK <{ 9K%:N ;%:<;&:6=?>^X=9=Q:6BE^ DG D 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H
\ LQ;&p : aS` t L%;%p : yQ9Q{
_ G G GQK H6G G G GQK
d
e :M
g K 9QQ n6=Q:=?>Y ^ yua{ 9% ^ = > yu<{
h } Z K } K KG GUHK
i L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
k K N G G K6Z HzG
Frq LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l> ; ; l&{
FuF H J G HK6Z G GQK%N [&O [
Fr\
Fr_
eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM &9!HkeLT 5 W3R;VJeT 5E >7kL>M'('eM'R E T 5 ; 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;$`>7G7 5
7 5 7UWi0oC."I C
F p ; Z&[ n6=Q:=b>Y Z ^ K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9==Q:6^ BEG D 6 %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\
_
d :M
e K
g y U }] &QU }] UQ } { U } y
}A
} {
h
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Dbs MX DD
i i
"> % àà BZ)*à@*<a
i y } y U } ] %%U }] UQ } { b }

k y
}M Q
} {
Frq {
FuF
Fr\ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fr_ K N G G K6Z HzG
F|d LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G ln=Q:=b>Y Z ^ K l%{
Fre
Frg
Fh
= 5 V !#c{VB:G+W 5%E Ve}Wi 5 78'; 5E > EG5E V 5 : 5 >ei* 7 U
eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
5 W 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 CB= 5%E > EG5E >WYR6U9LWi;èT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E 7GN
EG5 _+'e9zez7 5 ;RS+T 5 VB 5 W 5 +W XVR:G'M.'_>p E 5 7878 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5
;$ ))
!#c 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5 ;zU9LWi;Cb?e 5 + EG5 ;( {VR$:G'M.'_>p E 5 NU9
U9I1VY%Ri] 5 ;$>M.'W<H:U; 5 73; E NY=k+ I e+'};$# 5 WieL; 5E V 5 W 5E 'e7 5 e._N; 5 7>C D >W 5E V
+e%:UT 5 V 5 + ;. 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi0oC."N/
F p ; &Z [ ^ K = KG > G&HK yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9= =Q:6^ BEG Db6@ %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{
_ G G GQK HG G G GQK
d G LQ;&p G : GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ%{
e
g :M
h K
#QQ/y {
i p=Q: [G L%YyuaDQ{ U %U6& }
k
Frq ] = : ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
FuF K ZbO K K }
Fr\ ] n: ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
Fr_ ZbHK K K }
F|d ] : = ^ = yuaD%{ & %&6&
Fre G [ K K }
Frg ] : : ^ = yaDQ{ & %&6U
Fh GQK%J H K K }
Fri ] ^ n :6^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
Frk J G K K }
\uq ] a6^ = yu<{
\F Z K K
\u\ ] a;%:6^ = yu<{
\u_ K K
\d ] & ^ = Y ^ ya { %
\ue } K K Z K }
\ug ]
& &&6&
\h }A }
\ui ] & %&6&
\uk }
_uq L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_F K N G G K6Z HzG
_u\
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Dbs@ X DD
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"N /
_u_ QL ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G lU^ K = KG > G&HK l%{

_d
_ue
E ;$+Wi E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E VIRv E ; eKS E[E T 5 78 E +e%:U; E e 5 7 5 7UWioC.">R$:8.M'.p
_>W 5 W) E W 5 7U+ 5 e 5 7U;$+:G+78W<.eL7 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5%E ;$ E 'e7 5 e._NS+T 5 ; E U9Wi; E
5 R$:G7 5E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e E C E8E .Wt+eL E 78 E +e%:8W 5%E E8E E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E V E +W e>+ E p
E ';;$;$e>e9 RW 5 W<+e%:87G 5 +g :G7UC
F p ; Z&[ = K : ZbO ^ K = K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9==Q:6^ BEG D?6 %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yu%%{
_ G G GQK HG G G GQK
d
e :M
g K Y&p=Y yuaDQ{ %% y =Y;L v%n: ^^ ; yu<{ v%n: ^^ ; yu<{Q{
h J6G } G G Z H ]G G Z H
i L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
k K N G G K6Z HzG
Frq LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l?= : ^ = l%{
FuF H J G HK6Z G K ZbO K K
Fr\
Fr_
F|d p; n: ^ = yr LQ;%p : <{ :;&ô9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ;
Fre Z&[ ZbHK K K G G G%K K&N G G K6Z H
Frg
Fh
Fri :M
Frk K 9U v%n: ^^ ; yu<{
\uq }SG G Z H
\F L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\u\ K N G G K6Z HzG
\u_ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C ln: ^ = l%{
\d H J G HK6Z G ZbHK K K
\ue
\ug
\h p; : = ^ = y LQ;%p : <{ :;&^T9=Q:6^ %Qv6L n ;
\ui Z&[ G [ K K G G GQK K&N G G K6Z H
\uk
_uq
_F :M
_u\ K Q Y&p=Y yu<{
_u_ } J6G
_d L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_ue K N G G K6Z HzG
_ug LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l: = ^ = l%{
_h H J G HK6Z G G [ K K
_ui
_uk
dq
dF p; : : ^ = y LQ;&p : <{ :;&6^X9=Q:6^ 6%Qv6L n ;
d\ Z&[ GQK%J H K K G G GQK K%N G G KZ H
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DbsQ X DD?
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
d_
dud
de :M
dg K %Q v%n: ^^ ; yu<{
dh } G G Z H
di L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
dk K N G G K6Z HzG
euq LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l: : ^ = l&{
eF H J G HK6Z G GQK%J H K K
eu\
eu_
ed
eue p; ^ n :^ = yr LQ;%p : <{ :;&ô9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ;
eug Z&[ J G K K G G G%K K&N G G K6Z H
eh LQ;&p : aS` t L%;%p : yQ9Q{
eui G G GQK H6G G G GQK
euk
guq :M
gFK U9 9QQ =Q:<Y ^ ya{ 9%
gu\ }A } Z K }
gu_ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
gd K N G G K6Z HzG
gue LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lU^ n :6^ = l%{
gug H J G HK6Z G J G K K
gh
gui
guk p; a6^ = y L%;%p : <{ :;&^T9=Q:^ 6%%v6L n ;
hq Z&[MZ K K G G GQK K%N G G K6Z H
hF LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yQ9Q{
h\ G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ6&{B ; yu<{
h_ HG G G GQK JHZ H
hrd
he :M
hg K & Q9Q v%n: ^^ ; yuaDQ{ 9Q ^ = > yua {
huh 6}S
#Q/yEDQ}S{ G 6&G Z^ H= > y<{ } K KG G&HK
hi } K KG G&HK
hk L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
iuq K N G G K6Z HzG
iF LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l a6^ = l%{
iu\ H J G HK6Z G Z K K
iu_
id
iue
iug
ih p; a;%:6^ = y LQ;%p :Q <{ :;&^T9=%:6^ 6&Qv6L n ;
iui Z&[ K K G G GQK K%N G G K6Z H
iuk LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{
kuq G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ9Q{
kF HG G G GQK
ku\
ku_ :M
kd K & 9QQ = : ^ = yuaDQ{ U %U6&
kue }S } K ZbO K K }
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N o
!""Iq
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"N o
kug G v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yuaD%{ & %&6& }

kh = K : ZbO ^ K = K yua { Q9Q }
kui ^ K = KG > G&HK yu<{
kuk L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Frquq K N G G K6Z HzG
FrqF LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G la;%:6^ K = K l%{
Frqu\
Frqu_
Frqd
Frque p; Z&[ ^ K = K Y Z ^ K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&N :;&ô9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
Frqug
Frqh G LQ;&p G : GQK aS`t Z :6^ K B^ K = K Y Z ^ K B JHZ ; H yu<{
Frqui
Frquk
FuFrq ^ K = KG > GUHK yua{^ K = K Y Z ^ K yu<{
FuFuF
FuFr\
3e 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM 55+V$7 5 78W<boC."Io$V:G>W 5%E RWibe 5 1 K;;$Ck= 5 :8 5 M.>H: 5 7aY%R
p55ieLT 5
|CXC
5E ; 5 E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E Y%R E T 5 U9Wi; 5E ;$+e%:G7 5 ;$ R$:G'M.'_>W 5 ev*Re%: 5%E ;$
E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 V 5 RW<+M'9 5 7>V 5 1M 5 7BL E8E ; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 e E8E Ù9Wi;a] C l EGEG5
E .e +^Y%R 5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E 8 9: G0* eT 5 ;$>1+W_++77GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$F+787 5 FY%R
+ E5<5 5 7G7U0RW>7G7 5iE 'e%:8:8' 5 e<g$>+RS+T 5 ;$ E8E E W<]: 5 ; 5%E VL<gNS+T 5 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G
} E8E #+787 5 ;$>1 E +7b7 5 %;i7U}'W<i:G] 5 45YR#.7U:G7U:U7 5 >7G7 5 C l EGEG5
]0 +.: 5 5 78Y%R (557GNVPezWi 5 78'; E 1>_+ E Vy;$>e:87 5 ;$)RWig$78 E8E T 5#5 R;$
RW 5 Wie; 5 V>W+7UMXV 5 787G E 5 eL;$(<RWeXHW<+7 5 LNYR+e 5 ;$J: 5 +e E 5 W 5 r u05 R
" r Mz1 u C
F p ; &Z [ Y%p=Y JG y G L%;%p G : GQK <{ K%N :;&9:^T;%<9:=Q=?>:^= G 6%BE%D| v6L G n K6Z ; H
\
_
d :M
e K b y
g }
v&n: ^^ ; y YY6{

h 6% U}SG G 9%Z H HQJ =Q:Q<Y ^ y YY{ }] 9QQ
i { }S } } Z K HJ }%
k
Frq L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
FuF K N G G K6Z HzG
Fr\ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lbY&p=Y l%{
Fr_ H J G HK6Z G J6G
F|d
Fre
E8E 'W}V 5 ;$+W 5E 5 e E K;$+7U7`Y%R E RW+787 5)5 5 7G78;$+e%:G7 5 ;iU9Wi;< 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
8 9: G;$+e%:87 5 ;$55+V: 5 ; 5J5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM :55^;+1 E +7k 5 e E K;$>78; 5 'e 1IM.K; 5
07GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$>1 E >7F +.:8)37:8.7`;$ EGE eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXV +1 .:8eL; 5 RWi)7Ue RMK78K;;$
W3RH: 50 e<e)7GNRt+7US>T 5 C 465 W >H: 5 V E (:G'1+78W 5E E >R'e%:GJ+e%:878;
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Dbs X DD?
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
êZ)gZ` a _&b }
2M
:G>7G>W 5E RWi#U9Wi;<p550 5 W
Y%R<_iRW<U9LWi;}89U
5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$
GC m 89: G
E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 .RM
_+ EGE i78>RL>78S+T 5

;$i>7G7 5 VB E :U
V
E +78' +.:8Q:8] 5 78.W<+'7 5 >U9L 5 MKU9:8&,eM' E 5 e%:8.e R7GKC s E E8E5 eT 5 ]
eN E8E 78 5 C#dW 5E 5 e E K;$+7U7bY%R E #RW+787 55 5 787G>R-e}+g$7G EGE T 5 >e:87G# 5 MKU9:8 E V
Kb
: 5 ; 5-5 MK; 5 E YR+7U; 5 ;-:G78'RKS+T 5 E :8>7G7U; 5 z78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ]# >H:U-L>e E 5 7
55+Vk 5 e E RW)'e; 5 :8R; 5 :G] 5 7G+: 5 78ee; 5}5 5 e:87 5 M.iL7U * G )bY%R
:G7U:U}; 5 7G E : 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 C l E8EG5 >1 H:UYR#; 5 E +787 5%E 7GNS+WW0R.: 5 t+7G: 5 RW; 5
5 R:G7 5 V 5 R E *vV;+e%:G7 5 ;$JRWi<W) E Wi)g$78 E8E T 5 C
^M' 5E +W<+M'9e%:8 E +7U +.: 5 78Y%R>M. E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e E Y%R< E :8T 5 GHg 5 );$ 8&.
9 G 5 W 5 7!#89 V ! 6 & Ck? E8E E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E e Re>J_>+W 7GNRt+7US>T 5
;$>7G7 5iE 'e%:8:8' 5 V >e; 5 E :8 E +W<78( 5 7 5 e%:U); 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 89UGC f[5 7^ EGEG5 V$>M. E
e>W E NY%R+7J 5E8E R>W RW 7UW<:87 5 5 78WiMk 5 W 5}5%E ;+Wi E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E CbO 5 Y%R
W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78Wi0o$C'">
F p ; Z&[ =Y;L G v%n: G ^Q^ Z ; H yr G LQ;%p G : G%K 9:<;%{<:K%=?N>:= ;&^XBEDb9 =Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yQ9Q{
_ G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ
Q{
d HG G G GQK
e
g
h } y 6
#QCy { UQ 9Q =Q:<Y ^ yuaD%{ 9QQ
i y b }] %Q U }}A]( UQ } } { Z K }]
k y Q
}AG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yua { Q
} {Uf
Frq {
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
F|d p; v%n: ^^ ; y LQ;&p : <{ :;&6^X9=Q:6^ 6%Qv6L n ;
Fre Z&[SG G Z H G G GQK K%N G G KZ H
Frg
Fh
Fri :M
Frk K > v%n:CyE{-%y Q % "
\uq HQJ G }] }] }] } ]( } ] ! } { HJ > G v%n:Cy{
\F L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\u\ K N G G K6Z HzG
\u_ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l v%n: ^Q^ ; l&{
\d H J G HK6Z G G G Z H
\ue
\ug
\h
\ui p; > v&n:CyE{ :;&^T9=%:6^ 6&Qv6L n ;
\uk Z&[THJ G K%N G G K6Z H
_uq
_F
_u\
_u_ KG :U>yE{!yQy 9Q6 }](& UQ } { KG :U>y{{
_d
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N %q-
!"">
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"N %q
_ue p; Z&[tKG :U>y{ K%N :;&6^X9=Q:6^ G 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H

_ug
_h
_ui
_uk
dq JQH =Q: G v%n:CyE{yy %Q }] &# }] 6} { JH =Q: G v%n:Cy{{
dF
d\ p; Z&[TJH =Q: G v%n:Cy{ K&N :;&ô9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
d_
dud
de
dg %y 9Q }]& bQ } { a=L K ;&:CyE{
dh
di
dk
euq p; Z&[ a=L K ;&:CyE{ K%N :;&^T9=Q:^ G 6%%v6L G n K6Z ; H
eF
eu\
eu_
ed y
eue
eug Zb^ HK: LQ<; H^L%K; = H^ K=} ]
eh K YQYZbHLQ; ^ H = K HK} ]
eui UY%HpJ=Y y H YKY6{ HK} ]
euk 9%J6G H}SJ G v&n: G ] ^^ Z ; H y HQJ YY6{ 9Q }
guq {
gF
gu\
gu_ p; Z&[ =Q:<Y Z ^ K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK <{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
gd
gue G LQ;&p G : GQK aS` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK y {B JHZ ; H yu<{
gug
gh
gui G v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yua{y }SG v&n: G ^^ Z ; H yua{{
guk
hq
E8E 'W}V$+W 5%E ;$^1+760;$ e'S>T 5 ;^: 5 ; 5%Ed5%E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E V%78 E K; E ;b78>+R$p
t+7US+T 5 ;(>7G7 5E CZ=<78Ig$.Wi E NS+T 5 V 1+78+W 5%E M.Re E +g >W<M 5%E J:G+e%:U78+W 5E M'RW< E
5 78Wi E ;$W<+M'9 5 787a)78>+RL>78S+T 5 ;$>7G7 5E 7G E >e:U;0Y%RXC
5.3 Algumas possveis melhorias

'W 5E Y%Ra]` E :Ue%:G E 'W<M' E +M'+RMK7 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 L7URWiJU9W<;
;$ RW eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM;3e 5E8E b7UWi:8'>C fZ5 7G]>WV 5 78 E RM.:8; 5b5 $:8'; 5 e>W E +W<78] E p
:G E :G7G 5 C l 78+W 5E e E :8 E >S>T 5 78 E +e%:87@M'RWi E 5 78Wi E ;W<+M'9 5 7U76 E8E W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$
78>RL>78S+T 5 VeLM' E e; 5 5 WWi E ;$+:8M.9 Ed5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ; M'Re E ; 5%E
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E C0O 78>+ EG5 +e%:G>e;$+7NVB 5 78]+W}VY%Ri E 5 M.9; 5%E 5 ev*Re: 5E ;$ E .eL7 5 e.p
_>S+T 5 ;$>L>e;$i E :Ue%:Gi;78W<:GK+zYR E <R$:8.M'._N}iYRiRWiz E :878:G]>KzY%Ri 5 ;$
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"I
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
7G E >e:U7F 5 e E 78 E RMH:U; 5%E 7U3M.RWi E 7UWi:8'> E 5 ;$eLT 5 78 E +e%:87 5%E W< E W 5%E
78 E RMH:U; 5%E 7U 5 R$:G7U E C
78.W<>.7 5 7 5 M.>W<;z7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;0>7G7 5 5 [1 E : 5 eL E >S>T 5 oC CO 5 + E5 ; 5
7 5 78W<
`&h=îXiS_iS

S _ SS&Q^&Sb=i[\&S^ `&h=îXi
`&h=îXiS_iS ~

8&J78>+RL>78S+T 5
U.
5 eL;$#RW+787 5 ] 5 e%:8; 5 5 +eL 5 e%:8787bMKI1 78 ;$+787 5%E V[; 5
9!)V.e
U.
W<]: 5 ; 5 5 7U6: 5 ; 5%EB5E : 5 +e E :8]d+eL 5 e%:8787yRW dCN78'W)>.7U 5 E >7G1S>T 5
E +7@ +.:8](YRêT 5 _^W0RH: 53E +e%:GK; 5 R$:8.M''_>7 5 5 W 5bE W3 5 M 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 V
1 E : 5 Y%R} E :87G>W 5E<E >W<7G} 5 e E RW<.e; 5 : 5 ; 55 78 E :8e%:G;+e%:G7U;V@Y%ReT 5E +7U
eLM' E ;C
9!;(W LH

U.
dW 5E MH:8+7U7 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 ; 5 Y%RVL E 78> 5 e9N>76RW
eJ>e:878;V+M'a:G+e%:8Û97 5 dVWi EkE èT 5 5 e E +R.7NV;$>1+7U _>+7@J78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._Np
S+T 5 1 5 M.:8763eM' E 7 5 7 5 78WiC?@e:UT 5 V EGE eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM +0 5 W 5b5 78 E +e%:U; 5
e 5 7 5 78W<)o$C'"Iq
F p ; &Z [ n:;%<:=b>yE{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Q9v6:L ;%G <n :K6=?Z>; =H BED'

\ LQ;&p : <S`t :6^ B|n:;%<:=?>
_ G G GQK Z K
d
e
g 6% }
h ] L%YQ=^^QY ^ yu<{
i Z K
k K :M6%
Frq }
FuF L&= L yr9=Q:6^ v6L n ; {
Fr\ K N G G K6Z HG
Fr_ LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu< G ln:;&<:=b>l&{
F|d
Fre n :;%<:=b>yE{
Frg
Fh
#
L {V%Y%RV 5 W
:AcD% o D&NO?
^ 5 7U EGE 6W<]+: 5 ; 5 U9Wi 5 v( 5 W<+e%:UW 5E Ve Re+(7 5 LRWi
SXd W`^&Sc`QyCy?dW
U.
g+>S+T 5 V 5 7@ EGEG5 VeT 5 7GN E b E :876;$+e%:G7 5 ;$ RW
U. J;
E +R';V:8+e%:8bU97@e+e%:878;RW @C m ( 5 e E >R'7NV+e%:8T 5b5 W<]: 5 ; 5 :G>7GW<'eV% 5 E
eT 5 t+7G:G>eJ 5 )U9W<;3 5 787G 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMe 53 eLM
(program)
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"I$"
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"N
; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 eT 5 ] >H:UC m (eT 5 5 e E >R'7NV EGEG50E .e +0YR(M.RW : 5 +e# E :878e9 5 E :U
78 E +e%:GeL<+e%:G7U;C@?de%:UT 5 VRWiiW<+e E +W;+787 5 ]b>W).:GK;i0<7G EGE .eL7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ]
+.:8VPe 5E W< E W 5%E W 5 M';$ E 1 E : 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GC^?dW E +R';V 5 787G 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
9!].e 1 5 >; 5 783:G>7GW<'e7`<eM. E J;0>e%:G7U;V% E8E5iE J)78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 5
:A6cD& J o D&NO?
78>M''_>;3 5 W E RL E8EG5 C m (eT 5 5 yt+W)p E R+>;$K;V$+e%:8T 5050 eMB;3>e%:G7U;3 5 B:G'eK; 5
;$R7Ue%:8 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;b+787 5 bRW<#gNS+T 5 5 MKeS>;< E +7U
7 5 ;C
=^ EGE ,e 5 1 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 Y%R,;$>W 5%E 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM 9!)VR$:G'M'._NW 5E}5 7
SXd W`^&S`Q}; 5 I1 4`4 eLT 5}E5 7G)7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 : 5 ;; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM{VPWi E L>e E +W
RWi7G:G<;$>M'C0 E eL; 5 EGE i7G:G. + 5 V 5 'W<M'+W<+e%:8; 5 7J 5 ;$ E L>7Jg:UW<+e%:G)+W
Y%Rb 5 e%: 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5#5 5 787G>R 5 >7G7 5#E 'e%:8:GK 5 C fZ5 7 5 R$:G7 5 M'; 5 V 5 ;$>W 5%E e 5 :87Y%Rb
;$ eKS+T 5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM: 5 7GeLp E ^Wi E 5 W)M.K+;b(e+W RW 5 R 5 +M'+%e%:GC 4 LV
5 7G:8e%: 5 V$ 5 .W<M'+W<>e:U; 5 7FI1M.K7 5 YRLT 5 'W< 5 7:Ue%:GJ]J)7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$J>7G7 5E 7U
5iE >R 5 W<'M'; 5 7`J>WY%RJ 5 e%: 5E 1M.b)t+e)+W<78+%7a E8E J7:8H 5 C
^W 5 R$:G7 5 +g$+W<M 5 ;$7 5 M'+Wi E Y%R 5 ;$>W 7GN>73e-e 5E8E 78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$
+787 5E ]&W 5%E :878;L>M 5%E g$>W)M 5%E E +R.7NC\= 5 78'W)>.7 5 V`,78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ] +.:8;$
Wie>.7U E :G E :G78KV L>M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ))
!"
XC
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S f b'[7S^

b[7Sg`

`&h=îXiS_iS ~

\78.W<>.7Ui;$>+M'78S+T 5 ]78> 5 e9NK;< 5 W 5 RWM')MH:Ui; 5 5 e%: 5 p
pr1 78RM'RW +787 55 5 7G78C3 78>+RL>78S+T 5 Vy;$+e%:87 5 ;$ ))
!"
XVy7 5 R7U#RW E W3 5 M 5
Y%R( E :G*v0e 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 V 5 Y%RMt'eM'R 5 NU9)U9I1VV%>e%:8T 5 V78: 5 78e
5 5 e:87 5 M.(78 , )* `Y%R 5 e E5 W< 5 NU9<U9I1C fZ5 78]+W}V E 5 7 5 7UWi 5%EGE
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S f b'[7S^

b[7Sg`

`&h=îXiS_iS ~

7GNRt+7US>T 5 eT 5(E +78K`:8T 5 '+e%:8CZ=^ E8E F> EG5 V 5 >7G7 55 5 787G>R3;$+e%:87 5 ;$
L+Rv 5
A6KHD o C
5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 ] L>e E RW 5 e: 5 prpr1 78RMKC 5 :G>e:U767GNRt+7U7 5 +787 5 V 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 5 e EG5 W<F: 5 ; 5%Ed5%E : 5 +e E ;J+e%:878;V E +W +eL 5 e%:8787 5 ;$ E *v; 5 C l EGEG5
>7:UW<+e%:8beT 5 ]3;$ E *v; 5 C f 78iW<>M.9 5 787^ E8E E .:GRLS+T 5 V 5 ;$+W 5%E MH:8+7U7 y !#c
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }X} X
} ~X~
i i
""N àà BZ)*à@*<a
EGE e; 5 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 " eT 53E 5 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RMKVY%R] E t+7U; 5 L E
78
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$i17GKI1>M{VBWi E :8W0L]>W 5 787G 5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 E8E ; 5
5 W 5 7UW<+:G7 5 7U ))
!"
X C 465 W 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 V
d'7GKi787 E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5
e 5 >U9L)U9LI1C D +7 W 5E
L%=&n7s =%p=Pn6=Q:6^ :/BYQ= < <%: LQ;%p : BQBR^^%=?>nY G ^%R^ K = KG > G&HK Bv
fft;?>n Z Y G : GG :6^ Z ; HH DBusb[GUoOJ ssQ G G
G = [6ZbH <Aa:;?>
a Z Y G BBR^Q^%=b>nY G ^QR^ K = KG > GUHK Bv BSBtB
p=Q%: [GLU:LQY; V H DB
=^ G v%n G L K6ZbH :G&; HK V Q H DB
=^ G v%n G L K6ZbH </
l?lzBBQB
sT G v Z L%=YP::;%:^Pa; JH[
& HK =L K6Z LP::;&:6^Ta; JQH[
= 5 :G@Y%RdL E 7B;`78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$k>7G7 5 7GNM'._N;F 5 7O &V 5 7G+: 5 78e7 5 5 e%:G7 5 M'
78 , ))
!"
XV$RW 5 R$:87 5 +787 5)5 5 7G78+RBV 5 Ea5 : 5 +e E L>78; 5 e E8E JeT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMP+7U
RW 5 e%: 5 pX+pX1 7GRMKVWi E E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 >H:U# 5 e 5 >U9LU9I1C? EGE E +Re; 5 >7G7 5
]0:G7U:8; 5 >W ))
!"
) E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 ]0 +.:8ze 5 W) E W 5 : 5 +eV 5 R E *vVte 5 NU9
U9I1C\?de%:8T 55 5 e%:G7 5 M'1 5 MH:U7U #YR- 5 e EG5 W< E8E : 5 +eBC?dW>78M^]
;$ E8EG5 VP 5 ;$>W 5E M.:G+7U7 5 e 5E8E5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 6 o >MD ? C
78 >7 1>M[Y%R0:G>e9W 5%E ;$RL E(5 R-W< E W<+e E +e E ;$)+787 5 VtW< E YR) 5 e E .%W 5E RWi
78>RL>78S+T 5 ;$>Y%R;CM.]>W
;$}W 5 ; 5 Y%ReT 5E *vW +W<H:8'; E W<+e E +e E ;$ E :8.e%:U E 7U-RW W< E W 5 >7G7 5 C f 7U
EGEG5 V ;$+1+W 5E 78+ E :G7U76Y%RMP] 5 : 5 +ez 5 7878+e%:G(YRLe; 5 RWi3W<>e E >W ](+W<.:GK;0 E
+W<.:G'7^RWi)e 5 1)W)>e E >W E JM.RW : 5 >e 5 7 5 e E RW<'; 5 C D >7 W 5E V$+e%:UT 5 V eY%R+M'
W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 :G78>U9 5 ;$b+$;$. 5
& iS_f1Z6\7SZ)T7db[7Sh[ _OZ)7_&S&_i=i^_ 'X

`\[XS ^&di_ dXd\d7X XW Wb[`d_f:_[7S^[Mf:_&d\a7__&d=d\i
E R E :G.:GR ; 5 5 7
b S7\& h=îS dXd7\&d

iS_fNZ6\7SZT7d:b[7Sh[ _eZ 7_S=_7iXi^7_ '&
h&îS d=d\&dS\&
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DDD X D @
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"""
`\[7S ^di_ d=d\&d7X WXWb[:`d_f:_[7S^[Mf:_d\a7__&dXd\i

? E8E (W< E Wi 78+78 ;$`R$:8.M'._N7 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 5 787G>e:86;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
))
!#c#e E U9Wi; E ;$>e%:G7 5 ;$ EGE -W<]+: 5 ; 5QE >7G1:8W3t]+WL7U 5E5 R$:G7 5E eT 5 p
:G>7GW<'e E V6'7G>W 5E M''>prM'+W E +R';Ce%:G E VeM' E 78+W 5%E RW 5 R$:G7 5 > EG5 CB?kg$ E :8+W
M'Re E : 5 +e E Y%R E T 5 5 e E +e;$K;: 5E E 'e+7 5 e._N; 5 7G E 5 W 5 E M'I1 7U E prU9I1^Y%R
'e'+'W 5 WieL; 5 V 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E`5 R}+M' EGE E Ca>1+W 5%E V E >W)7G3Y%R3 5%EGEG 1+MB0 5 +78+e%:GV
R$:8.M'._NprM 5%E e 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5%E ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 C R$:87 5%E 5 78]+W}VèT 5E T 5 :UT 5 5 e E V` 5 E

L78>>W>W ;$'1+7 E EÊ H:8RS E ;$H >7G>e%:G E ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiV<;$>1+W 5%E +1 .:8pXM 5E C
O 5 + EG5 ; 5 VyY%R3 5 ;$ E +7 R$:G'M'._N; 5 5 W 5 e 5 W<0;0MK E8E VP;$3178KI1+MXVL 5 W 5
:G' 5 ;$J1I7GKI1>MP:8C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V E (:G'1>7GW 5%E RW7 5 78Wi3 5 W 5
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S f b'[7S^

b[7S^ge`

:G>7 W 5%E RWi,Wi,78>RL>78S+T 5 V61 E : 5
Y%R9,RW >7G7 5 ;$+e%:87 5 ; ))
!"
X Va 5 E5
5 e%: 5 pX+pX1 7GRM';$> 5 E
èT 5 5 @+eL 5 e%:878; 5 E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 55 5 787G>7GK 5
;
U9L7 5 K;$+e%:G >; 5 7+V$(07:8.7a;$ E8E ^: 5 >e E +78'b +.:8)b:8+e%:8:G'1I);$ E >7a7GN 5 e9>++7
5 R:G7 5 5 WieL; 5 e 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM )* XV 5 Y%R# 5 e;R_+'7GK 5 R:G7 5E +787 5E C f[5 7:Ue%: 5 V
-eT 5 ]@RW\ 5 W : 5 >eb78 E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 >W ))
!"
XCdW 5E ;+.g$pXM 5 ;$6 5 7U
5 e 7d>W 5 R$:G7 5E : 5 +e E V% 5 W 5 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RMKVc{ Vt z:8CZ?de%:8T 5 V 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
)*HF" ))
!#c >W 5 W 5 W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi3oC."N
F p ; Z&[ ^ K = K Y Z ^ K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9==Q:6^ BEG Db6 %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aS`t :6^ B^ = Y ^ B: >;%p yU{B ; yu<{
_ G G GQK Z K K K Z K G G JHZ H
d
e ^ = > yua{^ = Y ^ yu<{
g K KG GUHK K K Z K
h
i
k
Frq p ; Z&[ ^ K = KG > G&HK yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&N :;&ô9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
FuF LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{Bu: >;Qp yb{
Fr\ G LQ;&p G : GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ%{B J; HZ yu<H {B: >;%pG yUG {
Fr_ G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H G G
F|d :M
Fre K
#QQ/y {
Frg p=Q: [G L%YyuaDQ{ U %U6& }
Fh
Fri ] = : ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
Frk K ZbO K K }
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

""N
!"I
i i
""I àà BZ)*à@*<a
\uq ] n : ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&

\F bZ HK K K }
\u\ ] : = ^ = yuaD%{ & %&6&
\u_ G [ K K }
\d ] : : ^ = yaDQ{ & %&6U
\ue GQK%J H K K }
\ug ] ^ n :6^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
\h J G K K }
\ui ] a6^ = yu<{
\uk Z K K
_uq ] a;%:6^ = yu<{
_F K K
_u\ ] & ^ = Y ^ ya { %
_u_ } K K Z K }
_d ]
& &&6&
_ue }A }
_ug ] & %&6&
_h }
_ui L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_uk K N G G K6Z HzG
dq LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G lU^ K = KG > G&HK l%{
dF
d\
d_
c
L
Ck^W
@M f
R$:G7 5 > EG5 5 W<M.K+; 5 78^78>RL>78S+T 5 ;@+787 5E ] 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
; 5%E 7 5 M.>W< E ](3R:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ; 5 C? EGE J 5 Wie; 5 _ 5 WY%RJYRLMKYR+7@>7G7 5
e;$ eKS+T 5 ;i1I7GKI1> E VBY%R 5 5 7G7Ue 5E :87I E 78.W<+'7 5E : 5 +e E ;$ E8E ; eKS+T 5 VBM'+1
5 m E +R.7 5 R$:G7 5 >W<.e9 5 VP:8+e%:8e; 5 7GN 5 e9>++7(RW
) &
5 R!#%$ &
C
E8E .W}V}78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;i+787 5 VBYRi 5 ;$>7GK E >7J +.:8}>W &
VZeT 5}E +7U +.:8V[ 5 E
E8E (W<]+: 5 ; 5 eT 5 ] E >Y%R>7aU9LWi; 5 CZO 5 > EG5 V 5 7`g$+W<M 5 VL; 5 7 5 7UWi
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S^g
`\[iSXd=:`S '

+787 5 eLb;$>+M'78S+T 5 ce"`_ 5 WY%R 5 m V% E N; 5 e 5 M 5 5 I9>;<;$
/J: 5 +e E V
5 e E ';$>7G YR 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 E +7FU9Wi; 5 ]n!#%$ &V$ eT 5 HC 465 W E8EG5 VRW >7G7 5
5 5 7G78ê EGE 3;$NMK7US>T 5 e0;>MK7US>T 5 5E :G>7G 5 7NV 5 E RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7@eT 5 ]( E L>78; 5
t E ;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$zRW W<]: 5 ; 5 C? E8E 7 5 M'+Wi&eT 5 78 E +e%:U E5 M.RLS+T 5E 'W<M' E
:G>7G>W 5E Y%R 5 e 1 .1+7@ 5 W E8E ^; +.: 5 e 5 e 5%EGEG5 m C fZ5 78]+W}V%M'RWi Ed5 R$:878 E W<+M'9 5 78' E
5 ;+W E +7a >H:U E e EGE JeT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM{V$;$b 5 78; 5 5 W 5 Y%RW 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78W<)o$C'">
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"">/
!"Io
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"">/
F p ; &Z [ LQYQ=^^ O ; [ Cyr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9= =Q:6^ BEG D 6 %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : a ` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{Bu: >;Qp yb{
_ G G GQK a@t `tH G :6^ G B > G ; GQKLQYB ; yu<{Br: J>H;%Z p H yUG { G
d aS`t ZZ :6^ KK BLQGQ; HK%N^ K [: J[GL K[G JLQHYZ B JQHHZ ; H yaG@{B: GG >;%p G yb{
e !a P`t Z :6^ K Brp=Q: [G LQYB JHZ ; H yuaQ{B: G >;%p G yb{
g
h
i :M
k K
Frq QLQ%YQ=}^^QY ^ yua!6{
FuF y6|
#Z %/K y@{Tp=Q: [G LQYya { & %&6U } {
Fr\ yLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyua{{
Fr_ y> GQK&N ; [[G LQYyua@6{{
F|d
Fre Q% }
Frg L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fh K N G G K6Z HzG
Fri LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lUL%YQ=^^ ; l%{
Frk H J G HK6Z G O [
\uq
\F
`Y%R78:G'7UW 5E[5
; 5%E 5 ev*Re%: 5E ; E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 R$:8.M'._N; 5%E ;$+e%:87 5 /
L .
;$

' Cd^M']+W;$ E8E5 V%78:8.7UW 5%E@5 >U9)U9I1 ; 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 ;)U9W<;
!"
%$
VZ 5 E ]iW3R.: 5 5 W3RWY%RiRW W<]+: 5 ; 5 :G>7GW<'e):8W3t]+W 5 W RW NU9
U9I1C m ^ E8EG55 5 787G>7>V E8E a NU9bU9I1J{; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 E >78(+eL 5 e%:878; 5 e E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5
VW< E W 5 Y%R#;+ 5 E ;};$>+M'78S+T 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 1>e9RW 5 R$:87 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 m 5 e$p
E ';$>7878<Y%R 5 >U9#U9LI1+eL 5 e%:878; 5 :G+78W<.e 5 R#;$ eKS+T 5 ;#+M' EGE beT 5 U9Wi78
e 5 1W<>e:8 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 !#
$' & HC l EGEG5)5 > E 5 ebRW;$ E E :87G e)7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;(>7G7 5E C
O 5 g$+W<M 5 ;$
`&h=îXiS_iS7_
b[7Sf } '

b[7Sf ~ '

?dM'.W<'ee; 5(5 >U9(U9I1@; 5 ;$ E 'e7 5 e'_>S+T 5 ;$!"
$' &
V EGE @W<]: 5 ; 5
5 ev*Re%: 5
E `7GNRt+7UJ 5 ZV%;$+e%:G7 5 ;$n
L
' V RWiJe 5 1U9Wi;]` >H:U
+e 5 e%:G7U7 5 : 5 +e
!"
%$
VLY%RJ'78) 5 7G78:UW<+e%:8 78> 5 e9N>7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5K > C m E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 5%EGE
+.:8i 5 W 5 NU9iU9I1V 5 m ;$NK;$'7GK<YRbi;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;iMK E8E :8+78W<.e 5 RzJ: 5 ; 5i5
78 E :8e%:8(;<>e%:G7U; E >7GK0.e 5 7U; 5 C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DD? X D
i i
""> àà BZ)*à@*<a
^M'K+eL; 5 5 7U6a78+78a;$@R$:G'M.'_>7 5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E .e+7 5 e'_>S>T 5 ; 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMe E

U9W<; E ;+e%:G7 5 ;$>M.V >W 5E 5 W E ;$ e'S E W 5%E :878; E e 5 7 5 7UWio$C J78 5%E
;$>W< E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E E T 5 W 5E :G7U; 5%E t+e EB5%E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E YRk 5 7UW W 5 ;$ >; 5%E
F p ; &Z [ > GQK%N ; [%O ; [ y G LQ;&p G : GQK <{ 9K%:N ;%:<;&:6=?>^X= 9=Q:6B ^ G s 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H
\ LQ;&p : aS` t L%;%p : yQ9Q{B ; yu<{
_ G G GQK H6G G G GQK JHZ H
d
e :M
g K 9QQ n6=Q:=?>Y ^ yua{ 9% ^ = > yu<{
h } Z K } K KG GUHK
i L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
k K N G G K6Z HzG
Frq LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l> ; ; l&{
FuF H J G HK6Z G GQK%N [&O [
Fr\
Fr_
F|d p; = : ^ = yr LQ;%p : <{ :;&ô9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ;
Fre Z&[ K ZbO K K G G G%K K&N G G K6Z H
Frg LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yu%%{B ; yu<{
Fh G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H
Fri
Frk
\uq K :MY&p=Y yuaDQ{ %% y =Y;L v%n: ^^ ; yu<{ v%n: ^^ ; yu<{Q{
\F J6G } G G Z H ]G G Z H
\u\ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\u_ K N G G K6Z HzG
\d LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l?= : ^ = l%{
\ue H J G HK6Z G K ZbO K K
\ug
\h
\ui p; ^ n :^ = yr LQ;%p : <{ :;&ô9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ;
\uk Z&[ J G K K G G G%K K&N G G K6Z H
_uq LQ;&p : aS` t L%;%p : yQ9Q{B ; yu<{
_F G G GQK H6G G G GQK JHZ H
_u\
_u_ :M
_d K U9 9QQ =Q:<Y ^ ya{ 9%
_ue }A } Z K }
_ug L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_h K N G G K6Z HzG
_ui LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lU^ n :6^ = l%{
_uk H J G HK6Z G J G K K
dq
dF
d\ p; a6^ = y L%;%p : <{ :;&^T9=Q:^ 6%%v6L n ;
d_ Z&[MZ K K G G GQK K%N G G K6Z H
dud LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yQ9Q{B ; yu<{
de G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ6&{B JH; Z yuH<{
dg HG G G GQK JHZ H
dh
di
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

""No
!"Iq
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
""No
dk K :M & Q9Q v%n: ^^ ; yuaDQ{ 9Q ^ = > yua {

euq 6}S
#Q/yEDQ}S{ G 6&G Z^ H= > y<{ } K KG G&HK
eF } K KG G&HK
eu\ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
eu_ K N G G K6Z HzG
ed LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G l Z a6^ K = K l%{
eue
eug
eh
eui
euk p; Z&[ a;%:6^ K = K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK <{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
guq
gF G LQ;&p G : GQK aD` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yU %U6&{B JHZ ; H yu<{
gu\ a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ9Q{B JHZ ; H yu<{
gu_
gd
gue
gug K :M & 9QQ = : ^ = yuaDQ{ U %U6&
gh }S } Kv%n:ZbO ^K^ K; yuaD%{ & %&6&}
gui G= K : ZbOG ^ K =Z K H yua { Q 9Q } }
guk ^ K = KG > G&HK yu<{
hq
hF L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
h\ K N G G K6Z HzG
h_ LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu<C G la;%:6^ K = K l%{
hrd
he
hg
huh p; Z&[ =Y;L G v%n: G ^Q^ Z ; H yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K%N :;&^X9=Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
hi
hk G LQ;&p G : GQK aD` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ9Q{B JHZ ; H yu<{
iuq a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ
Q{B JQHZ ; H y<{
iF
iu\
iu_
id } y 6
#QCy { UQ 9Q =Q:<Y ^ yuaD%{ 9QQ
iue y b }] %Q U }}A]( UQ } } { Z K }]
iug y Q
}AG v%n: G ^^ Z ; H yua { Q
} {
ih {
iui
iuk
|CXC
O.W< 5 7G:8e:8 5 E +7817`Y%RbY%R>M. E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e E Y%Rb++.:8W 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5)5
1M 5 7 ;$+1+W E8E 778 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5%E Y%R E T 5 U9Wi; 5%E ;$+e%:87 5 ;$>M. E :UW3t]+W
E8E ^1M 5 7NV7UY%R EGE E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E Wi E 'e%:G+78e 5%E eT 5 S+W:UW3t]+W 78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$
+787 5E C[= E8E E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'e E V%:G+W 5%E e<;$ e'S>T 5 ;$178'I1+ E ;>MK7US E 5 W 5
F G LQ;&p G : GQK aa D`` HG SS G L%L%;%;%pp G :: GQ9K :;%yyQQ<9:Q=?>=
Q{B B J{ HBD Z ; H ; yu<{y< {
\ HG G G GQK JQHZ H
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DDb X D
i i
""N àà BZ)*à@*<a
=^ EGE &;$NMK7US>T 5 V 5E 1IM 5 7G E ; E 178KI1+ E

E T 5 :UW3t]+W |CXC V 5 E >M' E
MD o D=<7;DX? c @CXC

E +7UT 5 R:G'M.'_>; E 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5%E 78 5 R$:878 E U9Wi; E C fZ5 7J E8EG5 V E 5 M'+.: 5 7 5 M.97
&+M' EGE VB1+7U&Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 78: 5 7GeL ,E 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 ;$
+e%:878;b:UW0L]>W 5 e%:G'1+7a EGE J1IM 5 7>C
VH
?^V$ 5 7 M.:G'W 5 V$RW7 5 M.>W<37UI1VY%R E R78'Rz 5 W37GNRt+7US>T 5 ;$J>7G7 5E V 5 5 787G
Y%ReL; 5 RWeT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMP]U9Wi; 5 78+t:8';W<+e%:GJV 5 :878:87a;(RW+787 5)E .e%:U:GK 5 V
eT 5 5 e E5 W<#e+e9%RW : 5 +eBC 465 W E8EG5 VkU9W<; 5 e%:G'e R E +73 +.:8&.e; eK;p
W<+e%:GC,=-e 5E8E 7UWi:8'>VZ E8EG5 5 e%:GN#e 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM 3Y%RU9Wi .
!#c{C? E :GV6 5 7 E RL&1+_V@ 5 ;$}7 5 1 5 +73RW +787 5E 'e%:G]+:GK 5 YR E +7U:878:8; 5E +W
e>e9 RW : 5 >e E >7b 5 e E RW<K; 5 Cz= 5 78: 5 7Ge 5 V JU9LWip 5z5 R$:G7U}1>_V 5 7 5 + E8E5
E 78+t:GC f 78 EG5 M'R+ 5 e7b EGE 7 5 M.>WiV[:G>W 5%E ;.1+7 E Eb5 PS E C-dW 5E ; 5 :87)
EG5 M'RS+T 5 ;$^_+>7F 5 W Y%R E t+M 5 W)>e 5E RW: 5 >e+ E 3 5 W 3+e%:G7U;be0U9LWi;3;$
))
!#c{V +e%:UT 5 >M.(]J 5 e E RW<K; 5 V 5
M f CI E8E 'W}VW 5
Y%R eLT 5)5 5 787G ;b 5 7GWi0 5 WY%R(+M'( 5 y;$ eK; 5
5 7@>R E ; 5 @ ;$ +W 5E Wi E RWiJ1+_ 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM : !#c
5 $:8+W 5Ea5 7 5 78Wi0o$CC
F p ; &Z [ ^ K = KG > G&HK yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K&9N ::;%;&<:ô=?>9= =Q:6^ B G 6 %QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{Bu: >;Qp yb{
_ G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H G G
d G LQ;&p G : GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ%{B JHZ ; H yu<{B: G >;%p G yU{
e
g :M
h K
#QQ/y U b {
i p=Q: [G L%YyuaDQ{ U }
%U 6& } }
k
Frq ]
#QQ/yD%{
FuF = K : ZbO ^ K = K yuaDQ{ & &&6& }
Fr\
Fr_ ] p=Q: L%YyuaDQ{ U %U6&
F|d [G }
Fre ] n: ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
Frg ZbHK K K }
Fh ] : = ^ = yuaD%{ & %&6&
Fri G [ K K }
Frk ] : : ^ = yaDQ{ & %&6U
\uq GQK%J H K K }
\F ] ^ n :6^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
\u\ J G K K }
\u_ ] a6^ = yu<{
\d Z K K
\ue ] a;%:6^ = yu<{
\ug K K
\h ] & ^ = Y ^ ya { %
\ui } K K Z K }
\uk ]
& &&6&
_uq }A }
_F ] & %&6&
_u\ }
_u_ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_d K N G G K6Z HzG
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

""Iq-
!"I
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
""Iq
_ue QL ; ^ > Yyu<C lU^ = > l%{

_ug H J G HK6Z G K KG G&HK
_h
_ui
k+78+W 5E V E >R'7NV M.Re E g$>W)M 5%E ;)7GNRt+7US>T 5 ;(>7G7 5E 78>M''_>;bt+M 5 e 5E8E5 m C
= 5 ;.78:878 5
!19L V 5 M'+.: 5 7@ 5 ;$`>e 5 e:8787 5E 78Y%R'1 5%E 9:!o8V
8V
L .

' "8V:!#%$ &8V:!#%$ "8V:
8V=9!l 8Vc ))
!"
98V !#c 8V
G 988 9: G8VRv 5E e 5 W) E .eL;$'>W Y%R EJ5%E W<]+: 5 ; 5E Y%R)_>+W 78>+R$p
t+7US+T 5 ; 5E >7G7 5EJE .e%:U:GK 5%E e>M. E 5 e:8'; 5E Cz E :G E V[.78+W 5E eM. E 7t+e E :G7I E C}
78.W<>.7 5 ]0#7GNRt+7US>T 5 +.:8L>M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 9) ! C7 5 78Wii E >7 R:G'M.'_>; 5 Vv
5 W<+e%:8; 5 eL E >S>T 5 o$C /V ] 5iE +R.e%:G%78Y%R'1 5 9 ! t8
`&h=îXiS_iS

S_ SS&Q^&Sb=i[\&S^ `&h=îXi
`&h=îXiS_iS ~

?kg$>+R$:8e; 55 5 W).MK; 5 7 E5 7G@ E8E 67 5 7UWiV 5 $:8+W 5E5 E +R.e%:8@78 E RMH:U; 5
X ++
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7aX_gX7Kd_`\&]7_&d XZ ZWi=i^fTch&_i&WT7d7\&Xd7^fNZ
_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&WT7d\&&d^fNZ Z Z Z
XX T7d7\&Xd^f =X
[:`d\[b b[X _SU`&h=îXi
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VUiS=d:b[7K 7`\[:iS7^[7S
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU`&h=î=i
[:`\X[7S_d_=a S_ S ^Shb'[_ `\7hf[ } Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
\
`h=îXi Z=ZXZ

i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }X} X
} X
i i
""N àà BZ)*à@*<a
= 5 :GY%R 5 78JJ78>RL>78S+T 5 ]` >H:Ub;$^Wie+'78;$>Y%R;V`: 5 ; 5%E Y%R>M. E : 5 >e E

+e%:87G E ;$ eKS E ;$(MK E8E E 5 7UW;$ E 78+_N; 5%E E ;$R E +M' EGE E 5 7UWeM. E ; E ;
Wie>.7U0 E L>78;C@ 7GIg$'W 5 ] 5 7 5 7UWi(* G )8V$>WY%R)7GNRt+7US>T 5 ]J >H:U
;$>e:87 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 G XC
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S f b'[7S^

b[7Sg `
b[7Sa
g=à
a
a =à

`&h=îXiS_iS ~

f 7U0 EGE J7 5 7UWiV 5 m 7 5 ;$R_ 5iE >R'e%:GJ78 E RMH:U; 5
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7aX_gX7Kd_`\&]7_&d ZXZWi=i^fTch&_i&W=^&S=d:bgiS7^&SZ

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&W&^&SXd:b
g:iS7^SZ ZZZ
XX ^&S=d:bg:iS7^&S XX
[:`d\[b b[X _SU i=T_&diSXdb[7d_&S&7d=[d_X^&aTXd:b[7S
b'[7SbX\&d`&h=îXig7d7_X^&
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU,X
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU,
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
[:`\X[7S_d_=a X ^&Shb[_ `\7hf[ eZ
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
Z=ZXZ
Z Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Q$ M^ Z=ZXZ
XX h]7^7h_ X=
[:`d\[bb[X _SU( iXT_diSXd:b[Xd_&S=7d&[d_X^=aT7d:b'[7S
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"">
!"N/"
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"">
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU,

[:`\X[7S_d_=a ^&Shb[_ `\7hf[ Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
Z=ZXZ
c Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
= ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
W Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
XX h]7^7h_ X=
[:`d\[bb[X _SU( iXT_diSXd:b[Xd_&S=7d&[d_X^=aT7d:b'[7S
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU,X
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU,
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
[:`\X[7S_d_=a ^&Shb[_ `\7hf[ Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
Z=ZXZ
c Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
= ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
ZXZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
W Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
XX ^&S=d:bg:iS7^&S XX
[:`d\[bb[X _SU i=T_&diSXdb[7d_&S&7d=[d_X^&aTXd:b[7S
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
a b=`^7h dXd\di7\X[7a
_
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }~X X
} X~
i i
"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
=^ EGE z> EG5 V 5 78'W)>.7 5 +787 5 VkY%R] E R E :G.:GRKS+T 5

; 5-E 'eMa;$z:G78.R'S>T 5 + t+M 5
;$0.RMK;;b7G>M' 5 eM ++ V 5 Z7GNRt+7U; 5 G XVt'e 5 7Ue; 5i5%E : 5 +e E :G] 5
t+M 5
RW & 5 W 5Ê 'e7 5 e._N; 5 7>VL7U78'6e 5 K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7V0

5 e%: 5 pX+pX1 7GRM'0Y%Rb;$+M''W).:8 5 5 WieL; 5 Ck= 5 :GbY%R E b)7GNRt+7US>T 5 :G'1 E8E (R:G'M.'_>; 5
o 5 R$:G7 5 +787 5È +78'a 5 e:U; 5 C
E +Re; 5 +787 5 ](+eL 5 e%:878; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ;$l55J J378>+Rt+7US+T 5 ] >H:U3 5 7a EGE W< E W 5
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMXV 5 e E RW)'e; 5i5%E : 5 >e E :8](+ C6? 5 :G+7U>.7 5 +787 5 ]3+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 ;$>e%:G7 5 ;$
55+VZWi E 78>+Rt+7US+T 5 :8+W Y%R E +7 >H:U;$+e%:87 5 ;$55z ;$> 5 E +W G X C
^t E 7^; E8E5 V$RWi"HeK+)W<+e E +W]>W<H:8';<L7U3 EGE J+787 5 V%78S+ EJ MH:8+7US+T 5 >H:U
e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 o6 >M D ? C C
?7U 5 7 5 7UWi(89U G 8 VY%R]JW 5E :G7U; 5 E >R'7NV
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S f b'[7S^

b[7Sg `
b[7Sa
b ^g `

`êZ } p^ g` a
7\&d ^=X ^^ Z

`&h=îXiS_iS ~

:G>W 5E E >R'e%:GJg$NRS>T 5
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7aX_gX7Kd_`\&]7_&d ZXZWi=i^fTch&_i&W=_ T7d_i=iXb\[Z

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&W&_ T7dX_iXiXb\[VZ ZZZ
XX _ T7d_iXiXb\[ X=
[:`d\[b b[X _SU iXT_diSXd:b[Xd_&S=7d&[d_X^=aT7d:b'[7S
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
[:`\X[7S_d_=a ^&Shb[_ `\7hf[ } eZ
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
b'[7KS `\[:iS^[XS Z=ZXZ
iSXd:b[7E `\[:iS^[7S ZXZ=Z
[=chXh ZXZ=Z
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }~:} X
} X
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 x}Z^^ @)`@^`} *0L^[+``
"I$"
Q $ M^ Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
XX _ T7d_iXiXb\[ X=
[:`d\[b b[X _SU[XchXh
XX h]7^7h_ X=
[:`d\[b b[X _SU[XchXh
XX _ T7d_iXiXb\[ X=
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU $ M^
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
[:`\X[7S_d_=a ^&Shb[_ `\7hf[ } Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
[=chXh ZXZ=Z
Q$ M^ Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
XX _ T7d_iXiXb\[ X=
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VU,
=[\&d:b'[7S\&7_[VUb[XKS `\[iS^[7S
\X[ai [:`d\[:b b[7S\&_[VU
[ :`\X[7S_d_=a ^&Shb[_ } `\7hf[ } Z
_î_ T_`S:b'[7\[_\=eU
[=chXh ZXZ=Z
Q$ M^ Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"I
!"N/
i i
"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
Z=ZXZ
Z=ZXZ
= 5 78.W<+'7 5 ] >H:U3e 5 7GWiM.W<+e%:8 5 7y89 GL
+787 5 V b78>RL>78S+T 5 V 5 >e 5 e%:G7U7
RW E .eL7 5 e'_>; 5 7NVLY%R)] 5 I
>U9z7 >e:8 E E C(%
5E >ReL; 5 >7G7 5 ]0+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 e 5 W<]+p
: 5 ; 5 89 GVtU9Wi; 5 ;$3;$>e:87 5 ; 5 * {VPY%RV 5 7 E R<1+_V E :8i;$>e%:G7 5 ;bRWi
U9W<;#;$(55) 5 R$:878#;p89UGCJ= 5 :G0Y%R)U9Wi;i;$55+VO* )
U9W<;bWi E 'e:8+78e);$"89 G E T 5 +.:8 E 5 W
|CXC V 5 Y%Rb'e;$K+zYRb E8E E W<]: 5 ; 5E eT 5 ;+1>W_+>7 #78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$3>7G7 5 VWi E
5 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$ E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 'RM
E .W<M' E W<+e%:G 7 5 %7d+g>S>T 5 CO E8E5 Y%R W 5E :G7U E ;; 5 m C D e: 5 8 9: G
Y%Re%: 5 55)78>>L>W 5 W 5 78W)+:G7 5i5 1M 5 7/c7 VP;$+.ge; 5 L7Ui#U9Wi;<Wi E
g :8+78e ;y89 G 7GNRt+7US>T 5 VIY%Ra]F +.:8 E .eL7 5 e'_>e; 5 (>e:878; 5 W 5 5 e%: 5 p
pr1 78RM'C 2 RMKY%R+7[+787 5(E .e%:U:GK 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; M. E :8J;$a78RW<+e%: 5E V 5 W 5 e E :Gag$>W)M 5 V
EG5 W<+e%:G E >7GK<:G7U:U; 5 5 7( E8E iU9Wi;iWi E g :8+78eC= 5 :8+7U+'7 5 +787 5 VLi78>+RL>78p
S+T 5 ] +.:83:8W0L]>W 5 789 GV 5 e E RW<'e; 535%E : 5 +e E :8] U9L7 5 5 e%: 5 prpr1 78RM'
;$>e:87 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 C
?^VZ 5 7 nHM.:G'W 5 V >& E R E :8T 5 5 M'+.: 5 7<;$M''>7 5 e 5E8EG5 m 5 W7GNRt+7US>T 5
;$#>7G7 5E 5 7 5 78W< +.6
.) c{G"8VkY%Ri:UW3t]+W E #+e 5 e%:G7U}e 5 ;$'78:G7G 5

!19LbYR 5 BR$:8.M'._N; 5 e 5 > :GRM 5 <7U);$+W 5 e E :8787a)R$:8.M''_>S>T 5 ; 5 m C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"I/
!"N/o
i i
Captulo 6
Gerao da rvore
Sinttica
\ m ;$JRW 5 W).MK; 5 7F;+1VM']+W;$JK;$+e%:8 >7 E J0+e%:878;b 5 7Ge>K;0L>7:8+e+
5 R&eT 5 J M'.eR+W ;$ E *v;#)78+ 5 7G:87 5E 5%EGEG 1+ E >7G7 5E g$ E :G>e%:G E VP7 5 ;R_+'7( 5 W 5
E ;#RWiz7G>78 E +e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 7 5 78W<YR0'78 E >7G1 '778zY%R) E E E E R+ E8E '1 E ; 5
5 W<.MK; 5 7` 5E8E W E +7+g$>R:8; E C@? E8E #7G>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 ]3i781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+ 5 R}781 5 7G
;$b;$>7G'1S>T 5 C
=^ E :8(> :GRM 5 .78+W 5E E :GR;7F E8E b 5 78W<0;$(7G>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 J 5 W 5 .W<M'+W<>e:UprM'C
l eKKM'W<+e%:G0W 5%E :8787G>W 5E`5 YR0]0RWi781 5 7G E 'e:U:8'>#0 5 W 5 5 ;$ E >7 R E ;i7U
78+78 E +e%:87`);+78.1S>T 5 ;$RWii+;$+K<;<M'.eR+W}Cd + 5 E 1>7G>W 5%E 5 W 5 i;$ e.p
S+T 5 ; 5 m ;)M.'eRL>W ;$+1 E +7`MH:8+7U;07U)YRV 5 eM' E 7 5 7 5 7UWi0;$
X ++
+e%:878;V$ 5 e E :G78R<)7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+< 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:GC
6.1 O que a rvore sinttica

(; E RWi>;$>' Y%Rt+7G:G+eL J M''eR>W RWiJA 4 Y%R&;$ e& EGE
M'.eR+W}Vy78z.eL;$'>7Y%R EE T 5 E 7 5 ;RS E Y%Ri;$>1+W E >7JM''>; E L7U+7U7
E8E +;$+KVI 5 ;$+W 5E W 5E :G7U7[ E >Y=kI>eK;F;$>7G'1S E ;.78:U E F E 5 7GWi E[E +e%:G>eK E
'e:8+78W<>;$K78' E R E ; E :8]MK+eLS+78W 5E )>;$>'0+WYR E :8T 5 C f[5 7ag$+W<M 5 V$R$:8.M''_>eL; 5
)7UWi:8'>0;0M''eR>W J<>;$>'
X ++
`&h=îXiS_iS

`&h=îXiS_iS ~

:G>7 W 5%E E +R.e%:8 E >Y =kI>eK<;$b;$>7G'1S E ;.78:U E
"N/
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"I,
!"N/
i i
"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
hprogrami
hclasslisti EOF
hclassdecli hclasslisti EOF
class test hclassbodyi hclasslisti EOF
class test { } hclasslisti EOF
class test { } hclassdecli EOF
class test { } class test2 hclassbodyi EOF
class test { } class test2 { } EOF
465 W E8E5 V E L>W 5%E +g:8W<+e%:G<Y%R E 5 7UW E 7 5 ;$RS E M''>; E ez 5 7GWiS>T 5
;+;$+KCWi 5 7GWiM.:G+78e:G'1I-;$}7GNM'._N70 E8E 5 t+7US+T 5 ] 5 7<W)> 5 ;781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+C}(;&JA 4 VRWi781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+]#RWi781 5 7G<7 5 :8RM';Rv78._<:8+W
E +W<78 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMP'e'+'MB 5 W 5 78:8RM 5 Ck=^RWii;$>7G'1S+T 5
S 1 2 ...n
5 e ; :G+W 5 W 5 M.9 5%E X e E 7 5 :8RM'; 5E

:8]
nE
C 4 ;RW ; E8E E e E Y%R-]
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMB;$>1+7U)+1+e%:GRM.W<>e:8 E >7 E R E :G.1:GR ; 5 +7U<78._b;RWi E R781 5 7GJY%R
78+78 E +e%:8 5 R:G7Uz;$>7G'1S>T 5 VB:G]iY%R): 5 ; 5%EJ5E e E 5 M'9 EE *vW 5 W) 5E : 5%E t+e E ;$
EG W0 5 M 5%E :G>7GW<'e E C = 5 > EG5 ;#M.K+S+T 5 ;$3RWii7 5 ;$RS>T 5 1_>'Vt; 5 :G' 5 VP
;$>7G'1S+T 5 ]78+7G E >e:U;0 5 W e<7U'_ 5#EG W0 5 M 5 5 W
R7U)C'"C
5 7G:GRM 5 ; 5 HeK 5 Ae
M'9 5 C
f 7U 5 +g >W<M 5 V$:G>7 W 5%E <7G1 5 78 ;$b;$>7G'1S>T 5 ;
hprogrami
hclasslisti
hclassdecli hclasslisti
%9 y% hclassbodyi hclassdecli
%9 y% hclassbodyi
j['R7U0C." u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
? E8E & E :G78R$:GR7U&;z781 5 7Git+78W<H:8z78+7G E >e:U73>;+M'+W<+e%: 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiC m R

R$:8.M'._NS>T 5 t+M 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7bt+78W<H:8zY%Rz E ;$>Wi E :87G+ E E >7G>W 78>M.'_>; E V[ 5 W 5
eLM' E E +Wie%:GK+&+7US+T 5 ;$$;$' 5 V E *vW +.:8 E ;$- 5 78Wi, '+e%:GCWi1>_
5 e E :G78R ;7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+V 5%E ;$+Wi E L E8E5%E ; 5 5 W<'MK; 5 7b 5 e E E :8+W >W 1 E .:87
E8E z7G1 5 783e RWiz;:G>7GW<'e; 5 78;+W}C0? EGE #:U78 5 ; E +7( >H:U;$<W<e+'7UW0RH: 5
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io
!"N/%q
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Io
Wi E '+e%:Gz; 5 Y%R#W<>;'e:8M'+.:GR7U; 5 7 5 7UWipX 5 e%:8Cz= E >S+T 5 C}1>7G>W 5E
5 W 5 'W<M'+W<+e%:87^< 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>)e 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7 ++ C
X
\e 5%EGE <R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ;#781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+<eT 5 7GNY%R+7^Y%R: 5 ; 5E`5%E +M'+W<>e: 5E ;bRWi
7 5 ;$RS+T 50E *vW 5 M 5 +; 5E e<781 5 78C l EGEG50E 'e +0Y%RJW3R.: 5%E ; 5E e E >W>78M{V%e E
5 M'9 E a 5 ;$+W E +7(;$ E 5 e E K;$>78; 5E e 5 W 5 W<+e%: 5 ;$3 5 e E :G78R.7(#781 5 7GC fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 V
Y%ReL; 5 :G'1>7GW 5%E RWe&Y%Rz7G>7G E >e%:8 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
L
&
Vd 5 ;$+W 5%E +M''W)'e7
5E e Eb M'9 5%E 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G E 5%E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
L8
Vd 5 E E8E E e E eLT 5
+7G E ++e%:8W'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5 78+M'+1e:8b78z E ;$+Wi E E E ; 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NC ? EGE 3:8. 5 ;$
781 5 7G)]U9Wi;;$z781 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+ E :878:8C f 7U 5 g$+W<M 5 e%:8+78 5 7>V:G+7 W 5E V
+e%:UT 5 V<7G1 5 78 E :878:8); R7U<C
hprogrami
hclasslisti
hclassdecli hclasslisti
y% hclassbodyi hclassdecli
y% hclassbodyi
j['R7U)Cu#?kg$>W)M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+) E :878:8C
6.2 Implementao da rvore sinttica

5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;i781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+<e 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7 5 5 7G78 J W)N;$K;#Y%R3ieM' E
E .e%:8:GK+ E a7 5 EGE C 4 ; g$>+RS+T 5 ;$aRW ; 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E E8E5 +'; 5E 5%E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E
78K`RW\e(; 7G1 5 78k[L>e;$R7UIde>M. 5E e EB M'9 5%E C? EGE E e EB M'9 5%EE T 5 5 7GWi; 5E L>M 5%E
: 5 >e E 78> 5 e9NK; 5E eY%R>M.6W<]: 5 ; 5 6t+M 5E5 R:G7 5E e E 78'; 5E L>M' E U9Wi; E 5 R$:G7 5

L
&
Z.7U

W<]: 5 ; 5E ;$eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E C fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V$RWiiU9Wi;0 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM
78K7[RWeJY%R@:8+W 5 W 5 M.9 5E +;^RW; 5E : 5 >e E YR6>M.a 5 e E RW)'Rz{ 5 W 5 a
RW 5 R:G7 5 e78'; 5 t+MK,U9Wi;, 5 n
L
' C E8E 'W}V`+W3 5 7U
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM
eLM' E E 'e%:8:8'> E v;$ E >e;$>e:8V[ 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ;781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+}]< >H:U;$#Hg 5
78)'WiV 5 R E *vV; 5E e E Wi E 7 5 Re; 5%E V$>W;$'78>S+T 5lJ 7U'_C
4 ;e;}7G1 5 78 E +7Uz78+7G E >e:U; 5 5 7RW 5 $v*: 5 I1YR) 5E8E Rk7G+ +7+
I e+' E
5 R:G7 5i5 $v*+: 5E VLY%R E T 5#E >R Ea M'9 5E C`=^ E ;$. +78+e%:G EE T 5 78+78 E +e%:8; 5E 5 7 5 $v*+: 5E ;$
;$. +78+e%:G E +M' EGE E CF EGE 'WVL:G>7G>W 5E Y%R3; e'7RW<zMK E8E L7U<7G>7G E >e%:87`RWez; 5
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D X Db@Q
i i
"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
9!)V
L XV
L

Vk# E8E .W
&<?A o ? o DXD
:G' 5 5 R$:87878}RWe; 5 :G' 5 5 R$:878}78 5 7
XD:DAMCE H7D
;$Ke%:GC? EGE E +M' EGE EkE T 5 ;>MK7U; E ;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 L 5 :G C D 5 ; E >M' EdE T 5
E Rt+M' EGE E ;$ VW 5%E :878;3e 5 7 5 7UWi3C."C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBED

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d = ^ :=L n Y LALQY%=^^P :=YU6;
e n O KY LPK; JQO nZ ;^ ; GUH6G [G
g JO Z j6GUH ZUK6Z H
h
i n JO Y Z Lt G&H6G :=Y&6; [G yu; j6G&H v{
k
Frq n;^ Z&K6Z ; H `PvC
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
?dMK N 7 ?
E .W<M' E W<+e%:G3; e0RWii178'I1+M VY%R378Wi_>+eV7Ui+;iez;
I
781 5 7GVRW: 5 >eb;$d78 +7 +eLKCB? E8E k: 5 +e E +7UaR$:8.M'._N; 5 Y%Re; 5^5 5 W<'MK; 5 7B78> E 7
E8EG5 +'7(M.RWiz 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;7G1 5 780 5 W 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8C fZ5 7+g$+W<M 5 VY%Re; 5
7?
5 5 7G78+7JRW+787 5}E +Wie%:GK 5 >W e;781 5 78)]i7GN E5 'e;$K+73 5 7 5 78W<; 5 7 5 eL;$
E8E (>7G7 5)5 5 787G>RBC f 780 EGEG5 ]R$:G'M.'_>;<)1I7GKI1>M N C
f 7Ui 5 e E :87GR'7^#7G1 5 78 W 5 ;$ +7G>W 5%E E ;>MK7US E e 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v v^R$:G'M.'_>e; 5 E

+.M'K;;$ E Y%R 5 %I1 4`4 e 5Ea5 +78>C m T 5 :G7I E
T H
>;-W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G 5E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E 5 ;$}7G+: 5 78e73RW 1M 5 7>CF:8]
5 78VP; e'W 5E : 5 ; 5%E 5 W 5 CdW 5E _++7 5 W Y%R<+;RW ; E8E E W<]+p
: 5 ; 5E 78: 5 78e 5 eiY%R3 5 e E :G78R.RV$L>7GW<.:G'e; 5 Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 YRJ +_3<U9W<;
5E8E 0R:G'M.'_>7` E8E Je cm
>;F: 5 +e 5 e E RW)K; 5 t+M 5 m 5 ; E >7BR$:8.M'._N; 5 t+M 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E ; 5E eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E

L7U 5 e E :G78R.7 5 ez;z781 5 78C f 7U# EGEG5 Vt E :8):G78.R.7 5 : 5 +e&Y%R)7GN
eLi;$ e'S>T 5 n =j,78)RWi)178'I1+MPV;+ 5 E VR:G'M.'_>pXMK)e< 5 e E :87GRS>T 5 ; 5 e m
(+;`: 5 +e3a(+;U9W<;^;$aRW\W<]+: 5 ; 5 ;$6RWeT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMY%Ra7GN>W

eL E ;$ eKS E n = j]i 5E8E 1>Md E8E5 +'7J+$;$. 5 I1}Y%Ri]ig$>+R$:8; 5 V7G E t>:G.p
1W)>e%:GVLYRLe; 5i5 : 5 >e}]b 5 e E RW<K; 5 bY%Re; 5)5 78: 5 78e 5 ;$RWiiU9Wi;< 5
W<]+: 5 ; 5i5 5 7G78 e 5 78W<M.W<>e:8) E >WY%RJRWi<g+>S+T 5)E *v)MKeS>;% C
fZ5 7(g$+W<M 5 Vt7U 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM No C'AEH7D o C V$ 5 ;$>W 5E :8+7J#;$ eKS+T 5 W 5%E :878;
e 5 7 5 78W<0C$C
F YQ=^QÛ G LQYU6; [G LQYQ=^^ [G L%Yy G L%;%p G :9: ;%GQ<K :=?<>{ =AK%CN B: ;U^X9=Q:^ G 6%%v6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ; Do` YY ` YY @t` YQY
_ j6GUHMK HQJ K HJ K HJ
d YQ=^QÛ6; [ %6; [G L6Do` HJ YY
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Iq-
!"N/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Iq
e
g :M
h K
i KXD: ` :% M} KY%= ^`Û LQbY&6; } y D % 6@}t3KL@SDQ{` b }t L6D`ML%YQ=^^ O ; [ Cyu<{
k GQK%J HAH6G G [G K K K
Frq L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
FuF K N G G K6Z HzG
Fr\ L%; ^ > Yyu<C lbLQYQ=^^ LQYl&{
Fr_ : GQHK%J J: HAG HHG K6AZ Y%=^ÛG G LQY&6; [G y K[GD K K @3L6D%{
F|d
Fre
Frg
C'A6D o CE HD VY%R E +7U^W 5E :G7U;+W
EGE .eL:GR78; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 PM.:G+7U;J 5 7U(+M' ;$>1^78: 5 78e7kRW 5 $v*: 5 ;b+M' EGE

&<:?A o ? o DXD V<;$NMK7US>T 5
E +R';C 465 W 5 EGE +M' EGE @]a;$ e'; e 5 5 :G
bfT\&dXSi [7S^`Sb=` d_=_eZ

C'A6
>MAQ
;$>1 E +7a;$K 5 eL; 5 'e + 5 ;3+M' EGE V 5 R E vV e%:G E ;3;$NMK7US+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
e 5 78Y%R'1 5 C v vC
178KI1+M ? ;bMK E8E DQ V; E 78H:UJe 5 + :GRM 5 /V%78W<_+>e 5 : 5 +eiY%R> EG5 R
5 W 5 2 ;7 5 ;$RS>T 5 C}? E8E i: 5 +e E +7U}R$:8.M'._N; 5 5 W 5 I
78 >7 >eK;$ EGE #eLC
?
C'AD o C HD C
\178KI1+M 5 e%:G]>W 5 e 5 W<3;iMK E8E E >e; 5 ;$NMK7U;V$.e$ 5 7GWiS+T 5 Y%R3++7G:8W)>e%:G
E +7U R:G'M.'_>;JL>M 5 5 W<'MK; 5 7kV 5 7@ E8E5 V:8+WYR E >7d.eLM'R ;e 5 e
? &E *v |CXC C
^M' 5,E +W<+M'9e:8 5 e%:G>+ 5 W 5 e 5 W<; E Rt+7UMK E8E CQ= 5 :8Y%R 5 W
5 E8E e 5 W<
5 ; 5 R#eT 5 7GN>7@e0;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;3MK E8E V%] 5E8E 1>MtY%R 5 1M 5 76;$ !
fZ5 7G:8e: 5 VBY%Re; 5 z7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+z 5 7(R:G'M.'_>;V 5 1M 5 7 |CXC e E8E <+W< 5 ;$<RW
en C'A6D o CE HD 7G>78 E +e%:8)<R E + I e+');<;$NMK7US+T 5 ; E Rt+7UMK E8E C
? i17GKI1>MVo 5 7G78 E 5 e;$b#RW C' A H< HD V YRb]378: 5 78e; 5 t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5

L
' C 465 W E8E E +M'+W<>e: 5E V 5 e E :G78.p E )RW e C'A D o EC HD e 5 +$;$. 5 I1
Y%R 5 [ EGEG5 K; 5 5 WU9Wi;i;$
L
' C 465 W 5 ;$ E8E +W 5E e%:G+78 5 78W)>e%:GVtY%RM.p
Y%R+7Û9LWi;) 5 R:G7 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 RY%RM'Y%R>7a: 5 +e 5 ;$J:8+7^RW:G78>U9 5 ;b$;$' 5
E8EG5 +'; 5 E XC n E :8 5 M 5 >7 5 $;$' 5 +e%:87GU9I1 E M5 5 t E Y%RM'Y%R>70RW;$ E8E E
+M'+W<>e: 5E C
C
AD o CE H7D
= 5 + E5 ;$J+787 5)E 'e%:8:GK 5 V$M.]>W;$U9Wi7a07 5 :G'e3;$J78>+RL>78S+T 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 +7GK
RW *M E5 UV 5 E^5
L

k E :8i E t+7UeL; 5 Y%R
W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R0U9W 5 R
'e 5 7G78:UC fZ5 7kg$+W<M 5 VJ17GKI1>M ?5 R<(178KI1+M@o 5 ;$+W:G+7@1IM 5 7 |CX3

RW 5 $v*: 5 ;$ E8E b:G' 5E *v7G+: 5 78e; 5 C= E8E )+ E5 VL#'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5 5 e%:GK;ie 5 ez E :87U
C E 5 >7G7 5
E8E E ; 5 E +W< 5EFE T 50E +W<78eN EGE 78 5%E e) 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$(RW C'6 A D o EC HD C l E8E5 V
5 5 7G78+7(e%:G E ;$ EGE E 178'I1+ E 78>>L>7G>W 5 1M 5 7J 5 7G78: 5 V 5 Y%R)eT 5 _ E >e%:GK; 5 VP 5 E
5 78]+W}VeT 5 :G>W'W< 5 7:Ue+'V 5 E RWii1+_3Y%R0M'RW+787 5#E .e%:U:GK 5 :G+e9 5 5 7G78'; 5 V

E tp E #Y%R+e%:G7U;eM. E ;}eT 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$iRW7 5 7UWi1IM.K; 5 z781 5 7G
eT 5 5 ;$+7U E >7R$:G'M'._N;e E E EE +R.e%:8 E ; 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NC m 5 W<+e%:G<RW 7 5 7UWi
|CXC
E .e%:8:GK+W)>e%:Gb 5 7G78: 505 7G''e)RWi#7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+<1M.K;C6?dWM'Re E + EG5E V>W1>_
;$78'7GW 5E RW eM EG5 Vk 5 ;$+W 5E 78: 5 7GeL7 E .W<M' E W<+e%:G 5 1M 5 7 e 5 + E5 ;$
|CXC
+787 5E 'e%:8:8' 5 C l E8E5&5 5 787GiY%Re; 55 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 ;$;$+78'1I70>;$>'1I_+KV 5
5 78.% 5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E

Y%R YRb_>+WR EG5 ;+M') E :878+W 78+L7U; 5%E 7U#78>++t+7 V
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D X D?s
i i
"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
'e;$K+eL; 5 Y%Rê;J 5 L78> 5 e9NK; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$ CkO 5 + E5 ; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
9! XVW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi3C'">C

C'AM D o CE HD
<?A o ? o cDXD
MK E8E ]) E :8e:8 E .W<M' E VB 5 W 5 +W +7UM E T 5 : 5 ; E E MK E8E E
; 5 5 :8 CPk*vW 5%E`5 7 5 7UWi0C /C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^PYQ=^QÛ LQYU6; v ^t :=YU6;
e n JO Y Z LP; =b> G [GMG KG&H[ GUH6G [G
g n JO Y Z LP; j6GUHSH^ n G : =b>
h JO Z j6GUH J G H G
i n JO Y Z LtYQ=^QÛ6; [ %6; [GtO ; [ C
k
Frq n JO Y Z LtYQ=^QÛ G LQYU6; [G y; j6G&HmK D; j6G&HAK ; j6G&HMK @ YQ=^QÛ6; [ %6; [G L{
FuF ^ n :Cy DQ{3RRUn=^^%= ;
Fr\ J G K K j6G&HM[G : G a G : H L Z =Pn=Q:=MLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%: [ =A^ J n G :6L%YQ=^^ G
Fr_ H^ =?>n G : ` =?>K ` @
F|d J G H G K
Fre O ; [ AÀL
Frg
Fh
Fri
o C'AEHD o C
? E8E -MK E8E # 5E8E R6L>e E RW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7)YR78>>Lz 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5%E5E ;; 5%E
EGE ; 5%E t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 3W 5 e%:U 5 e;z781 5 7GC^W :87GNU9 5 ;$07 5 7UWi
5 W 5
`&h=îXi^_ S_[aig

ZXZXZ

C'A6D o CE HD
>V>e:UT 5 V7G>78 E +e%:8; 5 eL(7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>( 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U R7U C /C[= 5 :G`Y%RVM']+W
; 5%E :G7I E( M'9 5E W 5%E :878; 5E e R7UV 5 e 5%EGE RZ:UW3t]+W RW : 5 +e
78 +78+e%:8 J MKI1 78
LJM.K;0e);$>+M'78S+T 5 ;0+M' EGE C[? E8E (] 5 : 5 >e;$(7G+ +7 +e+'0; 5 I
e} E E +781<78z78+MK 5 eLprM 5 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8C fZ5 7 EGEG5 VBeLT 5 1W 5E 78+78 E +e%:U7
E8E i: 5 +e 5 W 5 RW7:8z;&781 5 78i E :G7U:UVkeT 5&E +73L7UY%R>M. E :G' 5E ;e E
@HMH HD
+WY%R^>M.^78+7G E >e:8`RWi'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 .W< 5 7G:8e:8`7Ub>7U :8+78._NS>T 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi
eLM' E ; 5 C 465 W 5 e 5 > EG5 V% 5 76+g$+W<M 5 V$; 5 f 7 5 7UWibC $qV%Y%R(7G>78 E +e%:8
RW+g 7G EGE T 5 'e7GK#;$ E5 Wi 5 R E R:G7US+T 5 C= E8E )+ E5 V 5 : 5 +e& 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G0 5
5 t+7U; 5 7 E +7813 5 W 5 I
78 >7 >eKV E >e; 5 :UW0L]>W 5 e E K;$+7U; 5 RWez;z781 5 78V 5 E ]
eN E8E 78 5 7U)';$>e%:G +7^YRLMy] 5<5 t+7U; 5 7aY%R( 5 B7GN 5 e9>+'; 5 e)>e:878;C
k+78+W 5E +e%:8T 5 Vk 5 W 5 +W 5E ;+Wi E W<]: 5 ; 5E ; 5E eT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E ;78W<:GK+
++ 5 W<'eM'R E T 5 ; 5 +$;$. 5 7UC 465 W<>S+7G>W 5E
X
t+M 5EG W0 5 M 5 'e'+'M 9!)C f 7U EGE 3eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXVPe;z78>+ E E +7 +.: 5 Vt+e E
78: 5 7GeL7Z 5 7 5 7UWi`78.eL'M M. E :8(;$`MK E8E E 78> 5 e9>K;L>M 5 m C D >7G>W 5%E V>e%:8T 5 V
5 7 5 7UWi0C C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D QcX D?D
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "I
99%&Z!
%2 %2 9y!""!"
j[.R7U0C /3u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>)7UL &C
F Z ^ K 6; [G n:;%<:=b> yE{ K%N :;U^T9=Q:6^ G 96:%;%Q<:v6=?L >G =An KCZ B; H

\ LQ;&p : <S`t :6^ B|n:;%<:=?>
_ G G GQK Z K
d ^ 6; Yt` YY ` YY
e Z K [G HJ [ HQJ
g
h
i 6% }
k ]
Frq y :YtMÀ LQY%=^^QY Z ^ K yu<{
FuF K 6% %: : Y
Fr\ } GQK%J H
Fr_ L&= L yr9=Q:6^ v6L n ; {
F|d K N G G K6Z HG
Fre LQ; H ^ J > G HK6Z Yyu< G ln:;&<:=b>l&{
Frg
Fh `Xn:;%<:=b> yE{
Fri {TT: [ : Y
Frk GQK%J H
\uq
?& HD
? E8E eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM{V+e%:8T 5 V%7G+: 5 78eJRWi0781 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+bY%R 5 tW 5 e%:8;b;$>e:87 5 ; 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 {C D e: 5 9! Y%Re%: 5
L 78: 5 78eWRW e; 5 :8. 5
Y%R E >78R:G'M.'_>; 5)E +W<78 Y%R(78>+ E 78W 5E 78+78 E +e%:U7@RW 78R 5 7G>L+:G.:G'1 5 ;$ e E ;
781 5 7GV 5 W 5 RWiM' E :U;$^MK E8E Ek5 R<RWiJM' E :8;^178'I1+ E V 5 R)RW<JM' E :Ub;$^ 5 Wie; 5%E
:UCd\;$ eKS+T 5 ; E8E )MK E8E J];;)e 5 7 5 7UWibC oC
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB

\ n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X ^ 6; v ^t :=Y&6;
_ JO Z Z K [GAG KG&H[ G&H6G [G
d nn JO YY Z LtLT G&H6^ G 6:=; Y&6; [GPv H ; [G
e JO Z Z K [GPH6G K
g
h
i n JO Y Z LT Z ^ K 6; [G yu G&H6G :=Y&6; [GcK {
k
Frq ^ J n G :Cy K B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H { RRRXRAn6^ =n^Q^%:6= LQKYQ=; j^G&^ HcBm[MG :;G >a G :^> H; L Z =tn6=Q; :=M;ALQ;^ H ^ K :a JKY ;&:; [ =
FuF J G G G I%J6G [ G&J Z N
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/
!">%
i i
">/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
Fr\ H ; [v G `` K Y Y RRXn: Z > GZ :; G Y G > G&HK ; [ =AY Z ^ K =

Fr_ H6G K HQJ
F|d
Fre n JO Y Z LT Z ^ K 6; [G yu G&H6G :=Y&6; [GcK Z ^ K 6; [G Y6{
Frg
Fh ^ J n G :Cy K B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H { RRXn6=^Q^%= K ; jG&Hc[G : G a G : H L Z =tn6=Q:=MLQ; H ^ K : JK ;&: [ =
Fri RRA^ J n G :6LQYQ=^^ G BmM;> G ^>; I%J6G ; [ ;A^ G&J a Z Y N ;
Frk ;H [G ` K
\uq
\F H6G v K `SY RRXn: Z > GZ :; G Y G > G&HK ; [ =AY Z ^ K =
\u\
\u_ n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ = [[ y G&H6G :=Y&6; [GAK {
\d
\ue
\ug Z a-y H6vG v K ` `` HSJ YY6^{P6R;RXp G y : Z a{Z L%=cRR ^ G o^ W: Y K6Z >;T; a [ =A=YY Z ^ K =
\h H6G K H6G Z K [G K ZbH G GTH ZbH
\ui G Y^ G v Bu= y {RR ^ : =Unx^t;n:x%v >;
\uk H6G K [[ K Z?H G G Z
_uq
_F
_u\
^M']+W ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7bY%RW 5 e:U}RWe&;7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'> 5 M 5 +e; 5 5 W 5} M'9 5
RW 5 R$:87 5 e E8E ; 5 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 V E8E +M' EGE i 5E8E R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 AHMH VY%Ri'e+M.R
RW e 5 1 5 e#e 5i eM[;iM' E :8C fZ5 7^+g >W<M 5 V E :8.1+78W 5%E Y%R3 5 e E :G78R'7RWiiM' E :8 5 W
:G7I E +M' EGE E V$ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8( 5 7 5 7UWi
`&h=îXi^_ S_[aig ZXZXZ

`&h=îXig ZXZXZp
`&h=îXi` ZXZXZ
:G>7 W 5%E 5 W 5 7G E RMH:U; 5 <781 5 78(W 5%E :878;0e R7U)C
2 y!"
99%%!" K yZ!
99%%Z! K y!
99&%!
j'R78<C 0u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0L7U

L XC
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/"
!">/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/"
( ?& H7D 5 W 5E >e; =D:DACE HD

= 5 :G Y%RV E +W<78Y%R E :G'1+78W 5E M'K;e; 5 5 WRWi3M. E :Ub;$(MK E8E E V+W3 5 7U(:G>e9p
yJ
V$RWe C'A MD o EC HD C
W 5E ; eK; 55} M'9 5 Wi E E YR+7U;Ii;$ 5 RW V
:G>7G>W 5E V 5 W 5 :G' 5 78>MB;$ E8E M.9 5
f 7U 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM O

L {V:G>7G>W 5%E ); eKS+T 5 W 5%E :878;0e 5 7 5 7UWi3C
F Z ^ K 6; [G LQY%=^^QY Z ^ K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK 9<:{ ;%<K%:N =?:>;&=A^XCBu9 =%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ YQ=^QÛ LQYU6; LP` YY
_ G [G HJ
d Z ^ K 6; [G Yt` HJ YY
e LQ;&p : aS`t :6^ BL%YQ=^^QY ^ B ; y<{
g G G GQK Z K Z K JQHZ H
h
i y
k
Frq {TTLX: `MLQ:YQ=^Q^ [tG LQYyua^ {-6; YTy`MLLQYQY6={^Q ^QY Z ^ K yu<{
FuF GQK%J HAHG Z K [G
Fr\
Fr_

L

b7G+: 5 7GeRW e; 5 :8. 5 C'A D o CE HD -RWiU9W<;
`Y%R{Vk 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;$#RWiM' E :U;$+M' EGE E ] +.:8;$W<e+'7U} E :8e:8 E 'W<M' E C
eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
78>R7 E .1LH<78: 5 78e&RW<M' E :8;$+M' EGE E C n E :UV@>e%:8T 5 V6+7GK7<RW
; 5 :8. 5 ?& HD 78 5 M 5 >7 5 e|Ll
' &}e 5 'e 5 ;M' E :UC= 5 :GYR
e 5 1 5 e
5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;M' E :8]) +.:8; 5 eLMk78 5 .e 5 C 7G'W<+'7 5 e c& ? HD ]i78'; 5
Y%ReL; 5 : 5 ; E E MK E8E E v- 5 78W eM. E ; E U9Wi;- 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 )eLT 5
5 5 7G78 5 E eT 5 g$ E :8+W Wi E MK E8E E E >7G>W eM. E ; E C= E8E + E5 V@-1I7GKI1>Mno
5 e%:G]+WRWe&Y%Rz 5 7878 E 5 e;$ J ;$ eKS+T 5 ; H M.:G'Wi&+M' EGE #eM. E ;C1M 5 70;
178'I1+M C ] |C=C VZ 5 E 5 W 5 U9W<;78>+R7 E '1I-
L ) eT 5 5 ag$>+R$:8;V C
5 ei; 5 :G' 5 & ? HD V:8+W 5E 5 W 5 RW M'9 5<5 e C'6A D o EC HD V 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G J
5 e%:G'e%RL3 5 W 5 1M 5 7F 5 W 5 YRLMt 5 P'e'+'M.'_>;be 5 'e 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Ck?de%:8T 5 V$ 5 78'7
HM.:G'WibMK E8E eM. E ;V 5 W 535 R$:87 5J M'9 5 V%Y%R E +78K 5 7G E :Ue%:G^;bM' E :8V 5 1M 5 7 |CXC C
R7UFC oa78 E +e%:8a E :8 E 7U` 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;YR+M'k:G78>U9 5 ;$6781 5 78[W 5%E :878; 5
e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8V 7U 5 7 5 7UWi
`&h=îXi^_ S_[aig ZXZXZ

`&h=îXig ZXZXZp
`&h=îXi` ZXZXZ
l eKKM'W)>e%:GV 5 e} 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8 J 3]).e+M.R
+M' EGE ; 5 ezM. E :8Vy;$> 5 E(5 ez 5 7Gp
78 E 5 e;$+e%:8 J JV eM.W<>e:8V 5 e#;<+M' EGE "C
2 ReL; 5 7G E >e%:8W 5%E ^78Wi:GK+;$
X ++
V 5 W)>e%:8W 5%E Y%RFg$ E :8+W\;$'1+7 E E Wip
e>.7U E 5E8E 1> E 78);$ e.7 E E :G78R$:GR78 E ;0M''eR>WCZ?dW7G:GKRM'7>V$ 5 W<+e%:8W 5%E
Y%R 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
L 3 5 ;$+78' E >70;$ eK; 5 ;;$RL E Wie+'78 E YRz E 5 M'9
;$Y%RMF;+MK E R$:8.M''_>70 5 ;$>7GK}:8+7< 5 e E NY &kI+e+' E e'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 m CZ=Y%R+M'
5 e%: 5 V78 E +e%:8W 5E EÈ +R.e%:G E ;$ e'S E
hclasslisti ( hclassdecli )+
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/
!">
i i
">/% àà BZ)*à@*<a
K yZ!
99%%Z!
{
K y!
99%%Z! 2 yZ!
99%%!"
t
2 y!"
99%%!" 2 y!"
99&%! K yZ!
99%&Z!
N
j['R7U<CoJu?k:U E ;< 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+C
5 R
hclasslisti hclassdecli [ hclasslisti ]
;$. +78+eS>èa'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 78>+tv*R E :UW<+e%:8deaWie>.7U`;$d 5 e E :G78R'7`781 5 7G

E .e%:8:GK+)78) E8E (eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXC m J:G'1] EGE +W 5%E E 5 M'9K; 5 )7G'W<+'780 5 7GWi<;$b;$ e'7

L `:G>7 W 5%E Y%R0+7GK7#M. E :U#; 5 'e 5 78 5# W}C m +78K#M' 5 5 W 5#5 + ;. 5 ; 5
7 5 78W<0Cq C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db@@ X D?7
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N//
F Z ^ K 6; [G LQY%=^^QY Z ^ K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK 9<:{ ;%<K%:N =?:>;&=A^XCB(9' =%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ YQ=^QÛ LQYU6; LP` YY
_ G [G HJ
d Z ^ K 6; [G Yt` HJ YY
e LQ;&p : aS`t :6^ BL%YQ=^^QY ^ B ; y<{
g G G GQK Z K Z K JQHZ H
h
i y
k LPÀL%YQ=^^ [G LQYyua{
Frq Z ayYt`` HJ YY{
FuF Yt` H6G S Z ^ K 6; [G yL{
Fr\
Fr_ G Y^ G YBu= yL{
F|d [[
Fre {UftP: : Y
Frg GQK&J H
Fh
Fri

L
&
F:G>W Y%R C
# U? HD C?
=^ EGE i+ EG5 VB>;}+M' EGE 078> 5 e9>K;z+W E >7.e E +78K;eLzM' E :U
5 7W<+ 5 ;U9LWi; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 AMHMH ;}MK E8E EGE .e E >78S>T 5 ]0 >H:Ue
5 7U;$>W+W Y%Ri E MK E8E E 7GN+W ez+e%:878;C3= T 5 5 ;$ E +7;$. +78+e%:GVy 5 E +;
+ E W<+e%: 5 +.: 5 ;$>e:87 5 ;} 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 dpt z`VBRW e 5 1 5 1M 5 7(]i:G78.R ; 5 o
5 1IM 5 7
e%:8+78 5 7)]&L>78;$K; 5 C?dW 5 R$:87 5%E 5 e%: 5E ;e 5E8E -78Wi:GK+V6 5 W 5 e 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM

L
' V 5 $: 5 R$p E t+MK 5 R$:878i 5 78;>WV 5 R E vVt+MK<R$:8.M'._NS>T 5 ; 5%E`5 t+7U; 5 7G E ;$
78+t:GKS+T 5 ; n = jFVNL7U^Y%R 5 M.>H: 5 7[ 5%EGE ^ 5 W<7U7[ E ;R E 5 78Wi E ;6'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 C
?dW>78M{V}R:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ;#U9Wi; E 78>R7 E .1 E 5 W 5 +W : 5 7GeWi E 'M@
5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;37G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+V%Wi E V 5 7 5 R$:G7 5 MK; 5 V: 5 78e337UWi:8'>W<+e 5%E M'+ 1+MXC
; eKS+T 5 ; 5
L

yvi 5 ZW 5%E :878;C
eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM 465 e%:G'e RW 5E Vt+e%:8T 5 VP 5 W
5 78Ig 'W 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMyY%R]
L
' Ve 5 7 5 78Wi3C C
F YQ=^QÛ6; [ %6; [G LQYQ=^^ O ; [ Cy G L%;%p G :9: ;%GQ<K :=?<>{ =AK%CN Bu: ;U^X9=Q:^ G 6%%v6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ^ 6; LP` YY
_ Z K [G pA` HJ YY
d L K ` HJHJ YQY
e
g =Q:Q LQY&6; >m` p HJ YY
h G [G [
i ; H ^ K; : J L KL%Y&6G ;LQY&; [> G L [
k GQK%N [ G [G [
Frq ; j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
FuF LQ;&p : a ` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{Bu: >;Qp yb{
Fr\ G G GQK a@t `tH G :6^ G B > G ; GQKLQYB ; yu<{Br: J>H;%Z p H yUG { G
Fr_ aS`t ZZ :6^ KK BLQGQ; HK%N^ K [: J[GL K[G JLQHYZ B JQHHZ ; H yaG@{B: GG >;%p G yb{
F|d !a P`t Z :6^ K Brp=Q: [G LQYB JHZ ; H yuaQ{B: G >;%p G yb{
Fre
Frg
Fh :M
Fri K
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db@Q X D?
i i
">/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
rF k K ` PL `ML%%YQ=}^^QY ^ yua76{
\uq y6|
#%/y@Z {TK p [ `P p=Q: [G LQYyua { & &&6& }
\F Z aypA`Q` HJ YQY6{
\u\ pA` S ^ 6; yup {
\u_ YG ^ G H6G Z K [G [
\d p/Bu= [[ yup [ {
\ue
\ug {
\h yL [ ÀLQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQYyuaQ{
\ui Z ayL K `` HJ YQY6{
\uk L ` S ^ 6; yL {
_uq YG ^ G K H6G Z K [G [
_F L K B= [[ yL [ {
_u\
_u_ {
_d y> [ `> GQK%N ; [[G LQYyua@{
_ue Z ay >m`Q` HJ YQY6{
_ug >m` H6G S Z ^ K 6; [G y> [ {
_h
_ui G Y^ G >Bu= y> {
_uk [[ [
dq {
dF
d\ XQ: %: } MY%=^Û6; Q6; y L p3L >{
d_ GQK%J HAH6G [ [G K K
dud L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
de K N G G K6Z HzG
dg LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lUL%YQ=^^ ; l%{
dh : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG MK6Z YQ=^Û6G ; [ Q6; [G y KO [ L pC L K >{
di
dk
euq
q C'A H< HD n

c?& HD CZ
\e 78: 5 7GeL; 5 5 7 5%EGE RY%R:G7 53 M'9 5%E V : 5 ; 5E ; 5 :G' 5
7G'W<+'7 5 78Wi_+>eRW e0Y%RJ 5 7878 E 5 e;$ J M. E :U0;(+M' EGE E e'e9; E m
5}E >Re; 5 V J M. E :U};$017GKI1> E m 5 :8+7U>.7 5 V J M. E :8;$i 5 e E :87GR$: 5 78 E my 5 Y%R7G: 5pJ M. E :U
W<]: 5 ; 5
L <;$ E 78H: 5 e:8+78 5 7GW<>e:8VkY%R0v&78: 5 78e-M. E :U-;i C'AD o C HD
;$W<]: 5 ; 5E ;+M' EGE C f 78M' E :8,;$+M' EGE E V@R:G'M.'_>W 5%E ,U9W<;-7GNR7 E '1 5
W 5 e%:8;C f 78` E ;$>W< E M. E :8 E VNR$:G'M.'_>W 5EB5`5 L>78; 5 7;$d78+t:GKS+T 5 ; n =jzVI 5 7 E8E5 V
78>+ E W 5E W 5 e%:87 zM. E :U J W<>;$K;Y%R< E 178'I1+ E V 5E 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E^5 R 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
L78>>Wei>e%:G7U;CF+M' EGE b 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G< E8E 3eibRW g$>W)M 5 ;$0 5 W 5< >
7G1 5 78iW 5 e%:8; 5 70 EGE #W<]: 5 ; 5-E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5E e 5 7 5 78W<}C ze R7UC
78 E LN :G'1W<+e%:8C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^PYQ=^QÛ6; %6; v ^t :=YU6;
e n JO Y Z LT ^ 6; LQY ^ [ [GMG KG&RQHRt[ Y ^ GUH6= G L%YQ[=G^^ ^t= = =^
g JO Z Z K [G Z K Z K [G G HZbHN [
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db@7 X D?'
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/o
h nn J O YY Z LTLT Z ^^ K 66;; [G pL Y YZ ^ K^ RQRQRSRSYY Z ^^ K == [G pLQ=%; : Z%^ p: GZ ;%^ : [ =M^ LQY%=^^ G
i n JO Y Z TL Z ^ K 6; [G >KY Z^ K RQRSY ZZ ^ KK = [[GG > HK ; K[ ;J^ K G
k JO Z Z K [G Z K
Frq n Y LtYQ=^QÛ6; %6; y; D( ^ ; L ^ ; pC ^ 6; L
FuF JO Z [ [G j6^ G&Hm6; K >{ Z K [G Z K [G Z K [G K
Fr\ Z K [G
Fr_ ^ n :Cy DQ{3RRUn=^^%= ;
F|d LQJY G^ K`ML K j6G&HM[G : G a G : H L Z =Pn=Q:=MLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%: [ =A^ J n G :6L%YQ=^^ G
Fre pY Z ^ K `tp
Frg L YZ K^ ÀL
Fh >KY Z^ K ò> K
Fri Z K
Frk
\uq
\F
f 7U 5iE +R.e%:8 :87GNU9 5 ;$7 5 7UWiV:8+7 W 5%E i781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0; R7U0C C
`&h=îXiS_iS7_
`&h=îXi^ ZXZXZp
`&h=îXig ZXZXZp
b[7Sà
iSXdb[7_
`\[iSXd=:`S\&d b[7S
ZXZXZp
b[7SQ
XZ ZXZp

= 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM1 < f 7 5 7UWiC'"> %9M'Re E 5 W<>e:U78 5%E E >7G>W +.: 5%E
EG5 78(< 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;)7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>C
F =Q:Q G LQY&6; [G p=Q: [G LQYy G LQ;%p G :Q GQK 9:<;%{<:K%=?N>:=A;&C^XBEDb9s =Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ; Do` YY
_ j6GUHMK HQJ K
d ZbHKP^ 6j ; `SsYt ` YY
e Z K [G HJ
g
h
i K :My Do` U
k K }] K Do` %Qb }]K D` UQ } {
Frq K S` YP ÙQt } y ^ 6; y
M }A=% :Q6;
y } {j {f f {
FuF y HG `PZ Ks [G H6G ` U[G K y j

f f {
Fr\ } j K } }A } j
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/
!">
i i
">/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
r *@33
3c*3** : r *:
*( G
*(
r @ 33
*( : G (@36 G

: r *@33 G r @36 @33

: r 63
j[.R7U)C bu#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+)7U pL C

Fr_ SYBu= [[ y H6G A=Q:Q6; [G y K j {{
F|d {
Fre T: GQK%J : HAHG t=%:Q G LQYU6; [G y K DY6{
Frg
Fh L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fri K N G G K6Z HzG
Frk LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lp=Q: L%Yl%{
\uq : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6SZ =Q:% G GLQY&; [G y K[GDY{
\F
\u\
\u_
^W e x'AD o C HD Y%R] 7G+: 5 78e; 5 5 7F E8E ^W<]+: 5 ; 5 7G>7G E >e%:8JRWi3;>MK7US>T 5
;$RWi 5 RWi E 178'I1+ E ;(RWW< E W 5 :8. 5 5 W 5 e 5E 5 Wie; 5%E
b[7S^g`
5 R
iSXdb[7aO_
x'A6MD o CE HD
D
? E8E -;$>+M'78S+T 5 ]#78+7G E >e:U;e 5 e Y%Rz 5 e%:G]>W RW M'9 5 Y%Rz]
c?& HD CzMK E8E iL7U} E8E <:8.

5 :G' 5 ;178'I1+MbRWe; 5 :G' 5 <RW<M' E :U,;$178'I1+ E VF 5 W 5,E +W<78
78+78 E +e%:8; 5 7bRW 5 ;$e];$ eK; 5 e$ 5 7GW<
W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78Wi3C'""C
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ } X
%}
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/%q
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBEDD

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X=Q:Q LQY&6; v ^t = > 6;
e n JO Y Z LT ^ 6; pG=%:6^ [GMG KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z Z K [G
h
i n JO Y Z LT=Q:Q G LQY&6; [G yu; j6G&HmK ( Z ^ K 6; [G n{
k
Frq p^ J=%n:6G^P:C`Xy K n/{
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
D
N 7 ?
= 5 :G-Y%R 5 e; 5 :G' 5 eT 5 78>+e;$NMK7US>T 5 ;+M' EGE C l EGEG5 5 7Gp
XD D AMCE HD

Y%Ri 5 ;+W 5E R$:G'M.'_>73}7878Kz17GKI1>M Y%R< 5 F;$>+M'78;e E RL>78+M' EGE
I
x'A6M D o CE HD x
A66 7H D
V 5 R E vV$e EGE J+ EG5 V 5 : 5 +e};$J78 +7 +eLK_J7:8;07G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+C
DQ
4 ;#+M'+W<>e: 5 ;zM' E :8zYR)78>+3 5 W 5 M'9z; ]<; 5 :8. 5 V
Y%R(:G>W 5 W 53 M'9 5%E RW =H JRWe W)>7 5 'e:8+'7 5 Y%RJ'e;$K+W 5 e 5 W<;)178'I1+M
E RL);.W<+e E T 5 V 7G E t>:G'1W<+e%:Gi f 7 5 7UWi)C'"NC
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBED

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X=Q:Q; v ^Xv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z L [GAG KG&H[ G [G
g JO Z ZbHKS[Z >
h
i n JO Y Z LT=Q:Q; [G yu; j6G&H
K {
k
Frq ^ J >mn G :C`ty Ks{
FuF [6Z
Fr\
Fr_ n Y LT=Q:Q; yu; {
F|d JO Z [G j6G&H
K ZbHKPj
Fre ^ n :Cy {
Frg J G K
Fh [6Z >m` j
Fri
Frk
\uq
=< 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ;)781 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+3+W HV0;$'W<+e E T 5 ;0178'I1+M](78+ E :G7U;
XH

5 e%:8eL; 5 p E 5 e W<+7 5 ;$1>_+ E Y%R7GNRW >U9 5 MKU9+:Ge E R;>MK7US>T 5
M''e9 E "N ))"I); 5<f 7 5 7UWi3C."N CZ 17GKI1>M ,]'e+7G>W)>e%:8;0>;01>_JY%R 5 5 787G
RW+ E W<>e: 5 5 W 5 NU9<U9I1 E V$;e; 5 V EGE 'WV<;$'W<+e E T 5 ;)178KI1+MXC
= R78Cq1+W 5%E 5 W 5E >7GK-7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+-7U- E ;$R E ;>MK7US E ;$

178'I1+ E eL)+M' EGE ")
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db@ X D|%s
i i
">/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
`&h=îXiS_iS
b[7S^gK
iSXdb[7` )

2 y!"
y%%!" 2 y!"
%2 7 2 yZ! |y%%!"
y!" K yZ! %K9 K y!
%2 yZ! yZ!
%2 %K
j[.R78)Cqu#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>3L7U ( HC

) &
F!"
%$

MD7? HQ H< HD
E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E E T 5 W 5E :G7U; 5%E +W E +R';C78.p
W<+'7 5 78'378: 5 7GeL<RWezY%R0 5%EGE RZt+e E RW M.9 5 VyYR3]3RW C
% 5E +Re; 5 78> E z78 E +e%:U7J 5 eY%Ri7G+: 5 7Ge 5 R$:878 E .e 5 78W<S E 5 e 5 W<i; 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 :G' 5 b<;$'W<+e E T 5 ; 5 1M 5 7^;(78: 5 78e 5 C
F ; H ^ K : J L K G LQY&; [G LQ; H ^ K : J L K[G LQY9:y ;%G <LQ:;%=?p>G =A:C BEGQDbK @ <{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ;
_ j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
d GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [G >m` HJ YY
e
g :M
h K ` U6%QQQ& >cò> ; ; Cyu<{
i K T : : A}; ^ : GQL K%N [%LQOYU6;[ y >{
k G%K%J HAH6G H K J K G [G K
Frq L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
FuF K N G G K6Z HzG
Fr\ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lUL%; ^ : L LQYl%{
Fr_ : H J: G HMK6Z ; ^ :G L HLQYU6K ; J Ky [G >{
F|d G%K%J HSHG H K J K G [G K
Fre
Frg
Fh
Fri GQK%N ; [ G L%Y&6; [G > G%K%N ; [[G LQYy G LQ;%p G : GQK <{ K%N :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
Frk
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db@ cX D|6D
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/
\uq ; j6GUHMK Do` HQJ YY

\F K ` HQJ YY
\u\ ZbHKPj; 6`S; sQ 6; >m` YY
\u_ GQK%N [ [ [G HJ
\d
\ue
\ug K :My Do` U Do` %Qb D` UQ {
\h y K
}A} Q] K
Q } j fQf} ]K{ }
\ui
\uk K `P: UQ: } >c `> GQK&N; ; [%O ;L%[Y&6C; yu<{ y D >{
_uq GQK&J HSH6G GQK%N [ G [G K j K
_F L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_u\ K N G G K6Z HzG
_u_ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l> ; LQYl&{
_d : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6 Z GQK&N ; [G G LQY&6GQK%; N[G [Qy K[GD j K >{
_ue
_ug
_h
E8E 'W}V[ E MK E8E E o ? o HD o C H7D M D7? H% D o CE HD
W 5E :G7U; E e 5E 7 5 7Up
P
Wi E C.">0bC."Iob78 +:G>W E8E E ;$. +78+eS> E C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBED?

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^P; ^ : L LQY&; v ^t :=Y&6;
e n JO Y Z L ; 6; H Q6K ; J K G; C [GcG KG&H[ G&H6G [G
g JO Z GQK%N [ [ [GtO [
h
i n JO Y Z Lt; H ^ K : J L K G LQY&; [G yu; j6G&HK GQK&N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [G >{
k
Frq ^ J; n AG :C`y K > {
FuF O [
Fr\
Fr_
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBE|D

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^ ; L%Y&6; v ^t :=Y&6;
e n JO Y Z L GQK%N [ G [GMG KG&H[ G&H6G [G
g n JO Y Z LPZbH; KS[Z >=b >
h JO Z j6GUHSH G
i n JO Y Z L GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [GtO ; [ C
k
Frq n JO Y Z L GQK%N ; [ G L%Y&6; [G yu; j6GUHK ZbHKPj (; j6GUHcK G%K%N ; [ ; [ Q6; [GtO {
FuF ^ n :Cy {
Fr\ J G K
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D?s X D|
i i
"+% àà BZ)*à@*<a
Fr_ [6=?Z >m> ` ` j

F|d H ; AG ` K
Fre O [ O
Frg
Fh
R7UC W 5E :G7U}RWg$+W<M 5 ;#R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ;$ EGE E ; 5 E e E 78 5 :G78>U9 5 ;$
3D7?Q H H< H7D

7 5 78W<(+g >W<M. >; 5 E >R'7>C[= 5 :G Y%R E ; E 78'S E ; 5%E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E ; 5
5 7G 5 ; 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7 5 RzW<]: 5 ; 5iE T 5 >H:U E ;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5<E +R M'9 5 C
`&h=îXiS_iS7_
`\[iSXd=:`S\&d
ZXZXZp
b[7S f '
ZXZXZp

9y!""!"
K yZ! K yZ!
9&y%%Z! m&!&%!
m&! !!"! %K ! %2

m&! !""!"
j'R78)C 3ui?dg >W<M 5 ;b781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0L7U *

) &l!#
$' & HC
; 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMO!#
$' & Vy;$ E +7G.: 5 e 5 7 5 78W<)C'">V]3 5 e E :G78R ; 5 RW

%$ ' &n JY%Ra 5%EGE R; 5 E[ M.9 5E VRW; 5 :8. 5 Z n +VY%R`;$ E +7G>1
>e%:G7 5
e; 5 :G' 5
5E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Vt 5zE +Re; 5 ; 5 :8. 5
!"
X VyYR);$ E +7G>1 5 E
5 Wie; 5 E F; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C
F GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [G > G%K%N ; [%O ; [ Cy G LQ;%p 9G ::;%< :GQ=?K>=A<{CBEK%DbN :;&^T9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ; Do` YY
_ j6GUHMK HQJ
d Z =^ K 6>; [G 6Yt; ` HJ^PYY` YY
e K KG G&HK [G HJ
g LQ;&p : aS` t L%;%p : yQ9Q{B ; yu<{
h G G GQK H6G G G GQK JHZ H
i
k
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D?D X D|%@
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z ">"
Frq K :M Do` Q9Q YP`Tn6=%:=b>Y ^ yua{ Q9Q ^T`M^ = > yu<{
FuF K P: : } ; 6; QZ 6K; y D Y3^}{ K KG GUHK
Fr\ GQK&J HSH6G GQK%N [ [ [G K
Fr_ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
F|d K N G G K6Z HzG
Fre LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l> ; ; l&{
Frg : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6 Z GQK&N ; [G 6; [ Q6GQK%; N[G [&y OK D[ Y3^{
Fh
Fri
Frk
\MK E8E D7? H H< HD
].W<M'+W<+e%:U;< 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 7UWi3C."q C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBED '
\
_ Z >n;&: K ; j6GUH
d n JO Y Z LALQYQ=^Q^ GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [GMG v KG&H[ ^t G&H6G :=Y&6; [G
e n JO Y Z LT Z ^ K 6; [G n6=%:=b>
g n JO Y Z LS K = KG > G&HK 6; [G ^ K = K
h
i n JO Y Z L GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [G yu; j6GUHK ( Z ^ K ; [G Y K = KG > G&HK ; [G ^{
k
Frq ^ n :Cy {
FuF n6J=%:G=b>mKÀY
Fr\ ^ K = K À^
Fr_
F|d
Fre
R78<C 0W 5%E :878<<781 5 7G 7U 5#E >R'e%:G(W)]+: 5 ; 5
b[7S f iSXd:b'[7gK Ob[XS`

9!l 5 e E :87GRW &? HD
x'AD
o C HD V+Y%R^ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$ J ;>MK7US>T 5 ;$
f +MK R7U`C V> 5 ;$>W 5E 1+7P:8W3t]+W Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
+WYR^+;>M.>W)>e%: 5 ]aRWe; 5 :8. 5
x
6A 6 H7D Y%R}]'e E +78'; 5 e RW ?& HD
RW ; 5%E 7UW<+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C m Rb;$ eKS+T 5 ](;;e 5 7 5 78Wi C."NCZ= 5 :8
x
A6D o CE HD M'.p
Y%R}7U&>;-178'I1+MXV 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 78K&RW
e9 E "> % C[? EGE NHM.:G'W 5 .e;(_^7:8; 5 & ? HD Y%R^]78: 5 78e; 5 t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
M''e9 E "N/"NV6Y%RVF 5 7 E R1+_V@]'eM'R ; 5 5 W 5 M'9 5 ;$RW
M''e9#/% C
F Z ^ K 6; [G n6=%:=b>Y Z ^ K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK 9<:{;%<K%:N =?>:;&=A^XCBE9Db=% :6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ^ 6; nc` YY ` YY
_ Z K [G HJ I HQJ
d ZbH; KPj `SDos` YY ` YY
e j6GUHMK HQJ K HJ
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">%
!"Io
i i
"+ àà BZ)*à@*<a
* @36

3 3c * :

*(
r *3K3
(

r @ 36
*(
3c* *( r @36
r 3 *(
3 t r
3c
j['R7U)C bu#?kg$>W)M 5 ;$7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+)78 (!"

%$ ' C
g
h
i K :M
k y K Do` U }] K Do` %Qb }] K Do` b } { K ` U }
Frq y
}M Q
Q } j ff {
FuF
Fr\ ` S ^ 6; y c=Q:Q6; y {{
Fr_ nc` H6I G SH6 GZ ^ K 6;Z [KG y H6[G MG H6G=Q:Q G LQY&6; [[GG y KKD jI {{
F|d
Fre y } j `Ss y K D` U }] K Do` &QU }]K D` U } {
Frg ` U y Q
Q }M
} j ff {
Fh K }
Fri ` S ^ 6; y c=Q:Q6; y {{
Frk nI B= [H6[ G y HG AZ K=Q:Q [G GLQY&H66G; [G y K D [I G{Q{K j
\uq
\F {
\u\
\u_ P: GQK%J : H n
\d L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\ue K N G G K6Z HzG
\ug LQ; ^ > Yyu<C ln=Q:=b>Y Z ^ K l%{
\h : G%HK%J J: HSG HQHJ K6YZY G
\ui
\uk
_uq
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D?@ X D|
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z ">/
|CXC
? E8E )]0RW W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%RVy>W + EG5 ;0>7G7 5E .e%:8:GK 5 Vt 5 ;$<7G+: 5 7Ge7 E .W<M' E W<+e%:G 5
1M 5 7 V 5 E EGE beT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMB;$>7G'1ii+;$+K<1_+K<VL 5 7:Ue%: 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R 5
U9W 5 R;+1J E :U7a78+78; 5 L7Ub:878:87aRW M'9 5 .eg$ E :G>e%:GC
= R7UzC VB1>W 5%E 'e;}Y%R<g$ E :8iRW He' 5 eL7U78+78 E +e%:U7 5 5 Wie; 5

E8EG5 +'; 5 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C f[5 7G]>W ]7GN E5 Y%R E *vW 5%E +_> E ;$V` 5 eLM' E 78W 5E
781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>VP78> 5 e9N+7JY%R< 5 Wie; 5 ]0 EGE C0 e;+1>7GKVy;$0: 5 Vy78+78 E +e%:U7
V
;:?A?&D>D?U HD MD7? HQ H< HD
5 R-RWiz:G78.R'S>T 5 V 5 R&RW 5 R&RW 5 R-RW 5 W<e; 5 5 W< 5E : 5 :8C fZ5 7( E8EG5 V 5
e; 5 :8. 5 Y%R< 5 F;$>+M'78; 5 5 W 5} M'9 5 ; 5 e ]V
e}1+7U;;$VRW e E :G7U: 5 V 5 R,W)>M.9 5 7NV[;$ eK; 5 5 7bW<> 5 ;#RWiMK E8E # E :G7U:8C
;?A?=D>D?& HD C m 5 M.>H: 5 778+LX7U7ae; eKS+T 5 ;$ x'A6D o CE H7D W 5E p

f 7U,+;:G' 5 ;$- 5 Wie; 5 ;M.'eR+W ++ Va:G>7G>W 5%E RW:G' 5 ;$e;$ E :G'e%: 5 V
E Rt+M' EGE b;$
;:?A?=D>D:?& HD C l E8E5 5 78Y%RaRWiJ;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$a178KI1+M%]`RW; 5E 5E8E 1> E 5 Wie; 5%E
:G7U;ze 5 7 5 7UWiC'""VB.7U}e 5 :870YR#Y%R+MKMK E8E 0 5 6;$ eK; 5 W 5E RPMK E8E #;$
x'A6D o CE HD 78)78+78 E +e%:U76:8MB 5 WieL; 5 C

Y%R< 5 ;$>W78>++7(e 5 5 7G 5 ;$iRW W<]+: 5 ; 5 iR$:G'M'._N78+W 5E E8E )W< E W 5 :G' 5 ;ie
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM

!"
X V +Rv2.W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 ]W 5E :G7U;e 5 7 5 7UWiC'">V
:G7U:U-;U9Wi7 5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8 E 5E 5 Wie; 5%E ;&M''eR>WC E8E 'W}V
eW< 5 7GK; E 1+_+ E VeT 5 7GN E +7GK7zRWe2YR&78+78 E +e%:8RW 5 Wie; 5 V`Wi E
;:?A?&D>D?U HD

E .W<M' E W<+e%:G#78: 5 78e7 5 e&+7GK; 5 ;+e%:G7 5 ;Y%R>M. E W<]: 5 ; 5E C-:G' 5 ;$#eYR#+M'
78: 5 7GeLb:8+W}V+e%:UT 5 VY%R E +7 f 7 5 78Wi0C C
F K = KG > G&HK 6; [G ^ K = KG > G&HK y G L%;%p G :9: ;%GQ<K :=?><{=AK%CN BE:D ;U ^X9=Q:^ G 6%%v6L G n K6Z ; H
\ = > 6; ^P` YY
_ K KG G&HK [G HJ
d ;Z ^ K 6; [GDo`Y YY
e j6GUHMK HQJ
g LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{Bu: >;Qp yb{
h G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H G G
i G LQ;&p G : GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ%{B JHZ ; H yu<{B: G >;%p G yU{
k
Frq :M
FuFK
Fr\ y
Fr_
#QQ/y {
F|d ^X`tp=Q: [G LQYyaDQ{ & %&& }
Fre
Frg ] ^X`S= : ^ = yuaDQ{ U %U6&
Fh K ZbO K K }
Fri ] ^X`Tn: ^ = yuaDQ{ U %U6&
Frk Z?HK K K }
\uq ] ^X`t: = ^ = yuaDQ{ & %&&
\F G [ K K }
\u\ ] ^X`t: : ^ = yuaD%{ & %&6&
\u_ GQK&J H K K }
\d ] ^X`M^ n :6^ = yuaDQ{ U %U6&
\ue J G K K }
\ug ] ^X` a6^ = yu<{
\h Z K K
\ui ]
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D? X D|%
i i
"+ àà BZ)*à@*<a
\uk ^X`ta;%:^ K = K y<{

_uq ] Do` Q% YP`M^ = Y ^ yua { Q% S^P` S6YQ;L 6; y DY{
_F K } K K Z K } H6G j [G K
_u\ ] Do` Q
& %&6& S^T` S: = 6; y DQ{
_u_ K }A } H6G G j [G K
_d ] Do` U %U6& S^T` t6;Un6; y D%{
_ue { %K: GQK%J : H ^ } H6G [G K
_ug
_h L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
_ui K N G G K6Z HzG
_uk LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lU^ = > l%{
dq : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG SK6Z 6;Un6; [G G y K DQK{ KG G&HK
dF
d\
d_
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB s

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d = ^ :=L n Y LALQY%=^^t = > 6; v ^t :=Y&6;
e O K K JQO Z K KG GUHK [GcG KG&H[ G&H6G [G
g n Y LS = > 6; y; {
h JO Z K KG G&HK [G j6G&HmK
i ^ n :Cy {
k J G K
Frq
FuF
5 Wie; 5 5 W< 5%E : 5 V[U9Wi;z 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 )*HJe}M'.p
))
!#c`7G+: 5 78e<RWiM. E :U;$) 5 W<e; 5%E V 5 R E *vVtRW ?& HD
= 5 > EG5 5E RW
;<:G+78W
Rv 5E 5 W< 5 e>e%:G E M'9 5%E E T 5 e E ; 5 :8. 5;:?A?=D > D &? HD Cz= E8E > EG5 Vk;$>e:87 5 ; 5
e9z/"3; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G) 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMe !#

X Vy]<+7GK; 5 RW e OC o HD +Rv 5
M'9 5 ] 5 ?& HD 7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 5 7 { C
W<]: 5 ; 5 )*H 6 )MK E8E C o HzD E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5E e 5E 7 5 7UWi E C$"^JCC
Q;$ e'S>T 5 ;$ )* [ R$:G'M'._N(J 5 78;>W ;aU9LWi; E 78>+R7 E '1 E 7UW 5 e:U7k M. E :U
;$ ;:?A?&D>
D U? HD V:G]JW 5E W 5<5 R$:87 5%EOC o HD C
;$J 5 W<e; 5%E CZ= 5 :GJYR 5E e E Y%RJ 5 W< +W 0M. E :80 5 ;$>W E >7F;$JY%RMKY%R+7 E Rt+M' EGE
F Z ^ K 6; [G ^ K = K Y Z ^ K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK 9<:{;%<K%:N =?>:;&=A^XCB 9 =%D :6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ ^ 6; Yt` YY
_ Z K [G HJ
d K = KG > G&HK 6; [G ^P` HJ YY
e LQ;&p : aS`t :6^ B^ = Y ^ B: >;%p yU{B ; yu<{
g G G GQK Z K K K Z K G G JHZ H
h
i ^X`M^ = > yua{- YT`M^ = Y ^ y<{
k K KG G&HK K K Z K
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }% X
}
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z ">%o
Frq X : QG K%J : HAH6G S Z ^ K 6; [G y^3Y{

uF F

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X6Y;L 6; v ^S = > ;
e n JO Y Z LT ^ 6; ^ j = [^GA G KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z Z K [G K K
h
i n JO Y Z LT6Y;L j 6; [G yu; j6GUHmK Z ^ K 6; [G Y6{
k
Frq ^^ J n= G :C^Py KÀ{Y
FuF K K
Fr\
Fr_
D W3t]+W7U 5 5 WieL; 5 0FL7U 5 5 Wie; 5 1_+ 5 VJ 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; 5 e]a >H:U
))
!"
XV[e E M.'e9 E //}/oC}= E8E z+ EG5 V[ E8E E e E3E T 5E +W<78
I eLKC E +M' EGE E %n tn9n E T 5
;$>e:87 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
5 M'9 E E , 5%EGE R+W 5 : 5 >e;$78 +7+
;$ eK; E ;$b 5 78; 5 5 W 5E 7 5 7UWi E C/)CC
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB @

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X: = 6; v ^S = > ;
e JO Z G j [GAG KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g n Y LT: = 6; yu; {
h JO Z G j [G j6GUHmK
i ^ n :Cy {
k J G K
Frq
FuF

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X6;Un; v ^t = > 6;
e JO Z [GAG KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g n Y LT6;Un; yu; {
h JO Z [G j6G&H
K
i ^ n :Cy {
k J G K
Frq
FuF
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D? X D|%
i i
"+% àà BZ)*à@*<a
dW 5E : 5 Wi7 5 +g >W<M 5 1 E : 5 e%:G+78 5 78W)>e%:GV M'.+'78W<+e%:G(W 5 ; >; 5
b[7S f iSXd:b'[7gK Ob[XS`

`

D +7 W 5%E )7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+<; R7U)C."N C
m!%%!"
%2 7 %K m&! !""Z!
2 y!" 7"Z!
|y%%Z! 2 y!" 2 yZ!
%29 2 yZ! y%%!" Z! K y!
y!" %2 7 2 yZ! B9 Z!
%2 y!"
%K
j['R7U)C'"> bu?kg$+W<M 5 ;b781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0L7U !#c6l {C
W<]+: 5 ; 5 G k] 5 78 E 5 e E I1+M t+MK78'S+T 5 ;$RWeb; 5 :G' 5 ? X&B HD VN+Rv
MK E8E ( 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G(]W 5E :G7U;0e 5 7 5 7UWi0Co$C

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^T : 6; v ^S = > ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; K Z?O v%n[:GAD G Kv%nG&H: [ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z G [GAG G
h n Y LP : 6; yu; v%n: 6; Dv%n: 6; {
i JO Z K Z?O [G j6GUHmK G [GAG G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D?7' X D|
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "> q
FuF G v&v&nn:: Do`` G D

Fr\ G G
Fr_
F|d
: 5 +e;$b78 >7 >eK)] I 5E .eLM;$0:G78'RKS+T 5 3 E g$78 E8EG E lD N/
D N/ 5 7Gp
G i f 7 5 7UWiCV 5 e ?=B% HD ]iW 5 e%:U; 5 5 W U9W<; 55e
78 E 5 e;$+W 5E MK; 5%E E Y%R>78; 5 i;$'7G>H: 5 ;:G78.R'S>T 5 Vy7G E t>:G'1IW<+e%:GC0= 5
W<]: 5 ; 5
M'.e9L"N VdY%Rz;+1 5 M.1-7G'W<+'78g$78 E8E T 5 VZ; 89UG 5 RL89 G VFY%R
78: 5 7GeL3 E >ReL;Ck= 5 :GY%RVL E 7F; E +78+W; 5 W< E W 5 :G' 5 V)g$78 E8E T 5 78: 5 7GeL;
5 7y553 5E8E RBM.RWi E 78 E :G78'S EaE 'e%:8:8'> E VIv< 5 W<>e:U; E e 5 + :8RM 5 C
F K : Z?O 6; [G = K : ZbO ^ K = K y G LQ;%p G : GQK 9:<;%{<:K%=?N>:=A;&C^XB 9 =Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY ` YY
_ G [GAG HJ G HJ
d ; j6GUHMK Do` HQJ YY
e LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yu%%{B ; yu<{
g G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H
h
i :M
k K Do`SY%p=Y yaDQ{ Do` &%
Frq G y `S=YJ6;GL v&n: K^^ ; yu<{ } ` v%n: ^Q^ ; y<{{
FuF X:GGQ K%J : HAH6G AG K G: ZbO Z ; H[G y K D ]GGD GG { G Z H
Fr\
Fr_ L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
F|d K N G G K6Z HzG
Fre LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l?= : ^ = l%{
Frg : H J: G HAK6Z : 6G ; y K DZb O K D K {
Fh G%K%J HSHG K ZbO [G K G G
Fri
Frk
= 5 :GY%R 5%Ed M.9 5%E ; 5 e ?X B% H7D 5 ;$>W E >7F;H >7G>e:8 E :G' 5E ;$(g$78 E8E T 5 C f[5 7
g$>W)M 5 Vt E >Re;ig$78 E8E T 5 5 ;$ E >7 RW< E5 Wii'e78' 5 RRWi#W0RM.:G'M.K+S+T 5 V 5 R
E .W<M' E W<+e%:GdRW<` 5 e E :8e%:GC f 78`>;aRW;$ EGE E :G' 5%E ;$@g$78 E8E T 5 V+;$>1>W 5%E :G>7BRW
;:?A?=D>D:?& HD V6;$ N/D% HD

:G' 5 ;$H >7G>eK; 5 ;(ei7U0Y%RJ 5E8E W 5E 7GN 5 e9>++7` 5 W 5 :878:87aY%R+MK)g$78 E8E T 5 C
E8E .W 5 W 5, _+>W 5E 5 W e.W 5E 5 W 5 RWi+M' EGE
N/D% HD
E :878:8b;)Y%RM 5%E ;$>Wi E e E YR 78+78 E +e%:UW 5E :G' 5%E +g$ E :G>e:8 E ;$(g$78 E8E E@E T 5
E Rt+M' EGE E C@ 7 5 78Wi3Cq37G E >e:U0<;$ eKS+T 5 ; C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB '
\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d = ^ :=L n Y LALQY%=^^Xv&n: 6; v ^t :=Y&;
e O K K JQO Z G [GAG KGUH[ G&HG [G
g n Y LTv%n: 6; yu; {
h JO Z G [G j6GUHmK
i
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">
!"N
i i
"+% àà BZ)*à@*<a
k ^ J n G :Cy K {
Frq
FuF
54a 5 ;$F78: 5 7GeL7Y%R:G7 5 :G' 5%E ;$ E :G'e%: 5%E ;$Fe E VN: 5 ; 5%EE RPMK E8E E
D N/6 HD C78'W)>.7 5 ]RW x'A6 HD V6YRLe; 5,5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM`78> 5 e9> 5 W 5
2eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM
;$
g$78 E8E T 5 t+eL E 7G+ +7+ I e+'&RWi178'I1+M@ 5 W 5 >W^g- } C& 5 e E :87GRS>T 5
x'A 6 HD V$+RviMK E8E J 5 BW 5E :G7U;)e 5 7 5 7UWi0C."I$V EGE ei]b78: 5 78e; 5 C
;$ EGE 3e]0 +.:8zeM''e9""0; 5 7 5 78W<iC C3e 5 W)<;z178'I1+M])R$:8.M'._N; 5 7U
78K7`RW
^Wi<781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+07U<<:G78'RKS+T 5 ^gw } ]W 5%E :878;0e R7U<C'""C
F v%n: G 6; [G Y&p=Y J6G y G LQ;&p G : GQK <{9:K%;%N <::;U=?>^T=A9C=QB :6 ^ G 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG HJ
d ; Do` G `YYH J YY
e j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
g ^ 6; K YtHQ` J YY
h Z K [G HJ
i
k
Frq K :MD` UQ Do` S=Q:%6; y DQ{
FuF K y } G HG [G K
Fr\
Fr_ K D ` D`
c }SGvQ 6;` G v&y n:DG ^^ ZD; H y HQJ {Y Y6{
}
F|d G H6G H[G [G K G G
Fre ] 6
#QCy@{
Frg
Fh K D ` D6`% }TAK =` YQY& 6U; y }AD 9QDQ } YPY6`t{ =Q:<Y Z ^ K y HJ YY6{ 9% }
Fri G H6G [G K G K
Frk ] D` 6% ` U
\uq K }TK }
\F { G D` H6G t6; K 6; [G y K D G D K {
\u\ X: : D
\u_ GQK%J H
G
\d L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\ue K N G G K6Z HzG
\ug LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lbY&p=Y l%{
\h : H J: G HSK6Z =Q:%6; G y DQ{ J6G
\ui G%K%J HSHG [G K
\uk
_uq
R$:G7 5 :8. 5 ;$@eJY%R@ 5 ;$ E >778: 5 78e; 5 t+M 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM 55
F]FRW 2 HD HD V
Rv3MK E8E `]W 5E :G7U;Je 5 7 5 78W<JC VY%R 7G>78 E +e%:8'e;$+gS+T 5 ;$RW<3178'I1+M
5 W;$'W<+e E T 5 Wi 5 7`Y%R_+>7 5 C? EGE e< 5%EGE R;R E +g 7G EGEG E 5 W 5) M'9 E C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">
!"N"
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z ">
B9 !"
|y!" y%Z!
%2
j[.R7U)C.""û#?kg$>W)M 5 ;$7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+)78 p(+-n.K0&2655I C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB Q

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^S vQ6; v ^Tv%n: 6;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; H[G v%n[:GAD G Kv%nG&H: [ G [G
g JO Z G [GAG G
h n Y LA vQ6; yu; v%n: 6; Dv%n: 6; {
i JO Z H[G [G j6GUHmK G [GAG G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
Fr\ G G
Fr_
F|d
x
A66 7H D
78.W<+'7Uz'e;$K+}Y%RMdz17GKI1>MZY%R< E :U E +eL; 5 .e;g;i E >ReL;}YRLMk] 5
e;$K` E >7[R:G'M.'_>; 5 CZ= 5 :G`Y%R` 7G'W<+'78 g$78 E8E T 5 5 ;$ E >7ZRWe; 5 :G' 5 V
êb } gw } V%Wi E 5 ;$ E +7@:8W3t]+W;$ 5 R$:G7 5E :8. 5E V% 5 7@g$>W)M 5 V
5 R:G7 5S2HD HD Vt 5 W 5 +W^3=b } g- } C<? E8E <:G' 5 ;$ie]# 5 e E :G78R ; 5 e
5 W 5 e 5 > EG5
M'.e9L-">; 5 7 5 78WiCC)ez]i78K; 5 R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 5 W 5 M.9 5%E z17GKI1>M @ VBY%R

5 e%:G]+W 5x'A66 HD Y%R^ 5 L+7GK; 5 eLbM'.e9Li""^78+7G E >e:Ue; 5 b1I7GKI1>M E +76.e;g;V
G C^ e#+7GK; 5 ]b:G78.R ; 5J 7G7GK
b<g$78 E8E T 5 7G+: 5 78e;3eLiU9Wi;)89U
@ C
A2H7D H7D
@ 2HD HD
m #:8.1+78W 5E RWi E +Re;'e;$+gS+T 5 V+e%:8T 5 RWe 5 1 5 ]+7GK; 5 :G+eL; 5
D NCD
5 W 50 M.9 5 VY%RJ] 5 +7GK; 5 e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8V <g$78 E8E T 5 78: 5 7GeL;3 5 7
=kI>eKJ 5 ;$ E >7d7G>L+:GK;;$'1>7 E E 1+_+ E VRWi7UJ+;(e 1+Mt;$
CP? E8E E >Y
'e;$gS+T 5 e 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM45CF R78<C."I3W 5%E :878<<781 5 7G
Y%RJ 5 7`7GN 5 e9>+'; 5
E .e%:8:GK+)78)<:G78'RKS+T 5 ^3&b } gw } C
= 5 7 5 78W<C / V(W 5E :G7UW 5E 2MK E8E & ? HD Y%R:8W3t]+W 5 ;$ E >778: 5 7Gp
e; 5 7(55} z7G>7G E >e%:8 5 EGEG5 RW<&178'I1+M {+W) 5 3;$RW 5 $v*+: 5 5 W 5
êZ g- } C[(bW< E WibWie+'783YRe 5 + EG5 ;3.eL;$gS>T 5 V 5 ;+W 5E :G>76WH MH:8.M 5%E
+ E8E5%E >W< 5E VP 5 W 5 >W ÔZ Z g- } C fZ5 ;$>W 5%E Vy.e;VP 5 W0'e7 .e;gS>T 5
^bZ g- } 5 RêZ bgw } C@7 5 + E8E5
;$ 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ; 5P & ? HD ] E .W<'M'7>C}>;> E W<+e%: 5 Y%R 5 5 787G<eM''e9&"#;$
+ E8E5 <RW>W< 5 V 5 W 5 >W
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io
!"N
i i
"No àà BZ)*à@*<a
B9 Z!
Z!
y&!
M" !" y%Z!
yZ! y%Z!
&2
j['R7U0C."IJu?dg >W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+)78

a[j][i + 1] = b 10
655I C

55+VRWeJ]aW 5 e%:8; 5 :8+e; 5 5 W 5 7G'W<+'7 5 M'9 5J5 1M 5 7[>W @ VY%RV 5 W 5 v 1 'W 5E V
x'6A 6 HD VPRW 2HD HD5 R-RW 5 R:G7 5 ?& HD VP# 5 W 5E +Re; 5 M'9 5
QD 5 W 5 e 5 W< ; 5 +W< 5 E +7@R:G'M.'_>; 5 Ck= R78bC."N/V%W 5E :G7UW 5E 0781 5 7G
5 ; E >7RW
RW
E .e%:8:GK+)78)<:G78'RKS+T 5 ^bZ g } C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@s

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X6; ; v ^Xv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; K [v%nGA:CG KG&H[ G [G
g n JO Y Z LP; G a [GAY G
h JO Z j6GUH Z%G [
i n Y LT6; ; yu; v%n: 6; (;
k JO Z K [G j6G&H
K G [GMG j6G&HAK {
Frq ^ n :Cy {
FuF a J GY K`
Fr\ Z&G [ K
Fr_ G v&n:A` G
F|d
Fre
?^V 5 7 MH:8.WH 5 V 5 ACXCE H7D
e W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi C /"@:UW3t]+W 5 ;$ E +7k78: 5 7Gp
e; 5 5 7 55+V7G>78 E +e%:8e; 5 RWiÙ9Wi;F;kW)]+: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 +W êZ bp g- } C IC
* 3
* K3
* 3*V3 1 3 K
3M'3 Gr 3 t r 3 r r * G r O r rr 3 r r r r r *6r **r 6 r M *r r
V r *
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io$"
!"N/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Io$"
B9 Z!
yZ!
y&!
M" ! %2
yZ! y%Z!
&2
j[.R7U0C."N/u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+)78

a[i].x = b 10
354NC

F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@D

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^P=YYU6; v ^Tv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; v%n[GA:C G KG&H[ G [G
g n JO Y Z LP; G > [GAG
h JO Z j6GUH GQK%N
i n JO Y Z LT Z ^ K 6; [G =Q:Q<6^
k
Frq n JO Y Z Lt=YYU6; [G y; j6G&H
K (v%n: G 6; [GAG (; j6GUH > ( Z ^ K 6; [G Y6{
FuF ^ n :Cy {
Fr\ J G K
Fr_ >G v&n:A``>G
F|d =Q:QG%K%<6N^P`SY
Fre
Frg
Fh
? E8E 0e]3+7GK; 5 eiM'.e9"N#; 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM O45)3 5E8E R 5 W 5 78.W<+'7 5i M'9 5
DQ
RWig$78 E8E T 5 Y%R}'e;$K+,;$Y%RM 5 $
v*: 5 ;$ E * vp E zR:G'M.'_>7iRW W<]: 5 ; 5 VF;; 5 t+MK
VH
?& H7D
178'I1+M Cd E >ReL; 5b M'9 5 ] 5 e 5 W<(; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 V$;; 5 5 7FRW VV 5 7 MH:8.W 5 V
RWe YR- 5 e%:G]+W RWiM. E :U;&g$78 E8EG E Y%R E T 55E 78RW)>e%: 5E ;
U9W<;C ? E8E :8. 5 ;$&e 5 ; E >7#R$:8.M'._N; 5 5 W 5E ;+Wi E 1 E : 5E e:8 E V`;$+e%:G7 5
45C êbZ ~ , Z gw } VZY%R
x'A6 H D 62HD HD V+RWX ACXCE H7D aRW U? HD VN 5 e$ 5 7GW<FW 5%E :878; 5
;$ fZ5 7bg$+W<M 5 V[ 5 ;+W 5E :G+7):87G'RKS+T 5
5E8E R$RW VNRW
e R78<C.">C
1* {VZR$:8.M''_>; 5 +W 55+V[78> 5 e9><RWiM' E :U;$#g$78 E8EG E
?& HD C m R<;$ e'S>T 5 ]b;;3e 5 7 5 7UWi3C /%$C
eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM
5 e E :G78P7U0+MK E RW
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D| MX Db%
i i
"No àà BZ)*à@*<a
s9 !
y!
" y%!"
!" %2
M" ! &2
K y!
|y! y%Z! y%Z! 2 y!"
%2
y&!
j['R7U)C'"+3u?kg$+W<M 5 ;b781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0L7U

a[i].x(2, k).y = b 10
354NC

F Z ^ K 6; [G =Q:Q<Y Z ^ K y G LQ;&p G : GQK <{9:K%;%N <::;U=?>^T=A9C=QBu:6@ ^ G 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H

\ ^ 6; Yt` YY
_ Z K [G HJ
d v%n: G 6; [GAG ` HJ YQY
e LQ;&p : aS` S L%;%p : y {B ; yu<{
g G G GQK HG G G GQK JHZ H
h
i
k
Frq G ` tG v%YPn:` G ^Q^ tZ ; H ya^ { 6; y {
FuF y }SH6G G ` G v%Z nK: G ^[^ GZ ; HG yua{
Fr\ tYBu= [[ y G {
Fr_ {
F|d
Fre X: : Y
Frg GQK%J H
Fh
5 MK; 5 ;$'7G>H: 5 ;:G78.R'S>T 5 Vt 5 ;$+W 5%E :G+7JRWig$78 E8E T 5 e 5 7GWiM{Vy78+78 E +e%:U;
t+MKU9Wi; 8 9: GV 5 R,RW<&g$78 E8E T 5 ;$z+7GKS>T 5 ;$RW 5 $v*: 55 R;$zRWi
178'I1+M 5 W;$'W<+e E T 5 C^? E8E 3:G' 5 ;$3+g$7G EGE T 5 ]07GN 5 e9>+';<L>M 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM .
89: GLVe 5 7 5 78W<0C //C
F v%n: G 6; [G =Y;L G v&n: G ^^ Z ; H y G LQ;%p G 9::;% <GQ:K =?><=A{ CK%BuN @:@ ;&^X9=%:6^ G 6&Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG ` HJ YY
d G HJ
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io/
!"No
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Io/
e ;Z ^ K 6; [GD Yt` HJ YY

g j6GUHMK K
h
i G LQ;&p G : GQK aa D`` HG SS G L%L%;%;%pp G :: GQK yyQQ9Q
Q{B J{HB Z ; H ; yu<{y< {
k HG G G GQK JQHZ H
Frq
FuF
Fr\ K y Do` Q }
Fr_ 6
#QCy { K ` U }A 9% } YT`S=Q:<Y Z ^ K yuaDQ{ 9QQ }
F|d G D` H6G t G OQG L K 6; [G y K D K Y{
Fre
Frg ] y ` U ` %Q6U ` U {
Fh y KQ
}A}G ]K` G v%n: G ^Q^ Z ; H }ya ] { K
} }
Fri
Frk
\uq Z a-Yty`YP`Q` SHJ YYM^ 6{ ; y {
\F HG Z K [G G
\u\ G Y^ GYBu= y {
\u_ [Q[ G
\d {Uf
\ue G D` HG S G ::=Q%6; [G y K D K Y{
\ug {
\h X: GQK%J : H
G D
\ui
\uk
=^>M.V 5 ;$+W 5E ';$>e%:G +73;$R E 7G:G EJ5 R,;$R E 7 5 ;$RS E ;$ E :G'e%:8 E C7G'W<+'78V
;<M'.e9">/i:G]3<M''e9"Io$V78> 5 e9>JRWii+g$7G EGE T 5 Y%Rb+7GK<RW 5 $v*+: 5 t+7G:G>e>e:8
oMD! BcD o ?U HD D

zRWi;:G>7GW<'e;+M' EGE C)=^ EGE )> EG5 V 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLMZ 5 e E :87G[<78: 5 78e#RW e; 5
:G' 5 W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWiiC /VyY%R3 5E8E RZ 5 W 5i M'9 5%E RW
, c?& HD
5 W 5 e 5 W<(;0+M' EGE ;)Y%RMy;$>1 E >7a+7GK; 53535 $v*: 5 (RWi0M. E :U0;(+g$7G EGEG E RW
e VY%R E T 5)5E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E ;)U9LWi;) 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7`;<MK E8E C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@Q

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X 6 L 6; v ^Tv&n: 6;
e n JO Y Z LP; G=b> O QG K [GMG KG&H[ G [G
g n JO Y Z LT j6^ GUHS6; H G=Q:Q<6^
h JO Z Z K [G
i n Y LT 6 L 6; y; ;
k JO Z G OQG K [G j6G&HmK j6G&HMK Z ^ K 6; [G Y{
Frq ^ n :Cy {
FuF J G K
Fr\ H=Q:Q=?><6G^P``SKY
Fr_
F|d
Fre
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D|% X DbQ
i i
"No àà BZ)*à@*<a
E >Re; 5 :8. 5 ;$i+g$7G EGE T 5 78> 5 e9NK;+W L89 G2]78KS+T 5 ;#RWi
D!6A< H7D VNYR`:8W3t]+W 5%EGE RL 5 W 5
e 5 1 1I7GKI1>M%;.W<+e E 5 e;) 1+: 5 7 5 R0Wi:G78._I C l EGEG5 ]F >H: 5 eL E M'.e9L E ;$J"IqC[=^ EGE
D ?U HD
+ E5 V 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 e E :G78$RWeb; 5 :G' 5
M'9 5E RW RW C78'W)>.7 5 78+7G E >e:U 5 :G' 5 ; 5%Ez5 $v*: 5E Y%R
MD!6 A< HD

5 W< +W 5 1: 5 7` E +7^78K; 5 5iE >Re; 5 V E +g$7G EGEG E Y%Rb;T 5 EÈ RL E ;$'W<+e EG E C
\MK E8E ]b;$ eK;< 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 7UWi3C /%o$C
F =L j =%< G ^& HK =L K6Z LU: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@7

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X Q::=QQ; v ^Tv%n: 6;
e n JO Y Z LP; G=b> [GMG KGUH[ G [G
g n JO Y Z LT j6^ GUHS6; H G >^
h JO Z Z K [GS[6Z
i n Y LT Q::=QQ; yu; ;
k JO Z G [G j6G&HmK j6G&HcK Z ^ K 6; [GS[ {
Frq ^ n :Cy {
FuF J G K
Fr\ H =?>>G^P`` K
Fr_ [6Z [
F|d
Fre
> 5 E ; 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$):G78.R'S>T 5 V:8+W 5E 'e;zeT 5 p{:8+78W<.e E 9 * ){ V& X V

*7 )y 9 kY%R^78: 5 78eWe E ; 5E :8. 5E?& HD V MDMA H H7D V MD7?% HD
; ND 6 HD Vy78 E t> :8.1W)>e%:GC= 5E 7 5 7UWi E Y%R E +R+W}V[W 5E :G7UW 5E &;$ e'S>T 5
;$ EGE E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E b E +M' EGE E 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G E 5E e E Y%Rb>M. E 78: 5 7GeLW}Cd=T 5 9
W3RH: 5 } 5 W<+e%:87(z7G E t+.: 5 ;$>M. E C) E :87I E 7G'W<+'7 5%E 5E8E R+W He' 5
e N/& D HD V6Y%RVè 5 + E5 ;$-RW D7Q? 6 HD V@ 5 ;eT 5 g$ E :G'7-.RM( |C=C
5 W 5 M.9 5 RW
Y%ReL; 5b5 d_&S&7d=3 [ ] R E ; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ;$^RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>C? 5; N|D 6 H7D 5E8E RL 5 W 5 M'9 5
&? H7D VB 5 WRWiM. E :8;$#+g$7G EGEG E Y%R E T 55%E 78RW)>e%: 5E ;U9Wi; 5
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a; E Rt+7UMK E8E V J:8W0L]>W 5 ;$ E >7 @CXC C
RW
F 9 : ZbHK 6; [G n: ZbHK ^ K = K y G LQ;%p G : GQK 9:<;%{<:K%=?N>:=A;&C^XBu@9 =Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG HJ
d ; j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
e
g :M
h K ` 96U D` v%n: ^^ ; yu<{
i K P: : }SG S9: G 6G; Z y H DQ{
k GQK&J HSH6G ZbHK [G K G
Frq L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
FuF K N G G K6Z HzG
Fr\ LQ; ^ > Yyu<C ln: ^ = l%{
Fr_ : H J: G HSK6Z 9: 6G ; y Zb HK DQK { K
F|d G%K%J HSHG Z?HK [G K G
Fre
Frg
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D| X Db'
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Ioo
Fh G = [ 6; [G : G = [ ^ K = K y G L%;%p G : GQK <{ K%N :;&^T9=Q:^ G 6%%v6L G n K6Z ; H

Fri
Frk v%n: G 6; [GAG Do` HJ YY
\uq ; j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
\F
\u\
\u_
\d K :M ` Q D`SY%p=Y yu<{
\ue K P: : }tG S = 6J6; G y DQ{
\ug GQK&J HSH6G G [ [G K G
\h L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\ui K N G G K6Z HzG
\uk LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l: = ^ = l%{
_uq : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6SZ G = [ 6G; [G y K G [G DQK{ K
_F
_u\
_u_
_d
_ue GQK%J : H 6; [G : GQK%J : H ^ K = K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ K%N :;&6^T9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
_ug
_h v%n: G 6; [GAG Do` HJ YY
_ui ; j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
_uk
dq
dF
d\ K :M ` % Do` v%n: ^^ ; yu<{
d_ K P: : } SG : G 6; G y Z H DQ{
dud GQK&J HSH6G GQK%J H [G K G
de L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
dg K N G G K6Z HzG
dh LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l: : ^ = l&{
di : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6SZ GQK&J : HG 6; [G GQy KK%J HG D%K{ K
dk
euq
eF
eu\
eu_ J n G :Q6; [G ^ J n G :6^ K = K y G LQ;%p G : GQK <{ K%N :;&^X9=Q:6^ G %Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
ed
eue Z ^ K 6; [G Yt` HJ YY
eug ; j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
eh
eui G LQ;&p G : GQK aS` H6G t G L%;%p G : GQK yQ9Q{B JHZ ; H yu<{
euk
guq
gF
gu\ K :M ` U9 Q9Q YP`t=%:<Y ^ yua{ 9Q
gu_ K P: : }A c n :Q} 6; y Y6Z{ K }
gd GQK&J HSH6G J G [G K
gue L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
gug K N G G K6Z HzG
gh LQ; ^ > Yyu<C lU^ n :6^ = l%{
gui : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6cZ J n G :Q6G ; [G y JK G Y6{K K
guk
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D|Q X DbQ
i i
"No àà BZ)*à@*<a
hq
h F
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@'

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X9: 6; v ^S = > ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; ZbHK v%n[:CGA G KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z G [GAG
h n Y LT9: 6; yu; v%n: 6; {
i JO Z ZbHK [G j6GUHmK G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
FuF G v&n:A` G
Fr\
Fr_
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X = 6; v ^S = > 6;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; G [ v%n[GA:C G KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z G [GAG
h n Y LT = 6; y; (v%n: 6; {
i JO Z G [ [G j6G&H
K G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
FuF G v&n:A` G
Fr\
Fr_
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X : 6; v ^S = > 6;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; GQK%J Hv%n:C[ GAG KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z G [GAG
h n Y LT : 6; yu; v%n: 6; {
i JO Z GQK%J H [G jG&H
K G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
FuF G v&n:A` G
Fr\
Fr_
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ } X
}
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Ioq
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBs

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^t n :Q6; v ^S = > ;
e n JO Y Z LT ^ 6; J G=Q:Q<6^[ GAG KG&H[ K KG G&HK [G
g JO Z Z K [G
h
i n JO Y Z LS J n G :Q6; [G yu; j6GUHmK Z ^ K 6; [G n{
k
Frq =Q^ J:Qn<6G^P:C`Xy K n/{
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM$
7G+: 5 78eFRWe; 5 :G' 5 ( H7D
V+ 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78W<FC "C
F &aQ6; [GcZ a6^ K = K y G LQ;%p G :Q GQK <{ K&N 9::;&;%<^T:=?9>=Q=A:6^CG B%D Qv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG HJ
d K = KG > G&HK 6; [G ^6^ Do`` HJ YYYY
e ; HJ
g j6GUHMK ` HQJ YY
h
i G LQ;&p G : GQK aa D`` HG SS G L%L%;%;%pp G :: GQK yyQQ96Q&{B {B JH; Z ; yuH<{yu< {
k HG G G GQK JHZ H
Frq
FuF :M
Fr\ K ` & 9% D` v%n: ^^ ; yuaD%{ 9QQ ^6Do`S^ = > ya {
Fr_ K 6
#}SQ/ yEDQ{ 6}S&G ^ G `M^ G = Z > H yu<{ } K KG G&HK
F|d } K
P: GQK%J : HSH6G c&aQ6; [G y K G D3^6D3^ {
K G &
G
H K
Fre
Frg L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fh K N G G K6Z HzG
Fri LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l a6^ = l%{
Frk H J G HK6Z G Z K K
\uq : G%K%J : HSHG
&aQ; [G y K G D3^6D3^ {
\F
\u\
NC D% H7D
;?A?=D>D ?& HD
? E8E bei 5%EGE R 5 W 5) M.9 5E RW V Y%R7G>78 E +e%:8D ?U HD

5 Wie; 5 V(; 5 E VYR 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W 5E 78W 5%E 1+7U;;$>.7 5 M E5 ; 5
b
HD
5 Wie; 5 tCd E >Re; 50 M.9 5 5 ;$JeT 5 +g$ E :G'7^Y%Re; 5 eT 5 9 5 R1+7 5
7UW 5 M EG5 C[k+W 5E V e 5 7 5 7UWiC %V%)MK E8E V$e R7U3C'"NoVRW g$+W<M 5
;$b7G1 5 7878 5 :G78>U9 5
b ^Xg
b à
^ }
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io
!"q
i i
"No àà BZ)*à@*<a
_7hi_

g |
` } X~e

#" !"

y&! $" Z!
" y%!" B9 Z! 7!!"
2 y!"
B9 Z! 2 y!"
B9 Z!
j[.R7U)C."IoJu#?kg$>W)M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+078 ){C

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^S&aQ6; v ^S = > 6;
e n JO Y Z LS = > 6[; GSG ^ KG&= H[ D3^ K = KG GUHK [G
g n JO Y Z LTKv%nK: G 6G&; HK [v%nG :C K K K K
h JO Z G [GAG
i n Y LA&aQ6; yu; v%n: ; = > 6; ^6D = > 6; ^ {
k JO Z [G j6G&HcK G [GAG K KG G&HK [G K KG GUHK [G
Frq ^ n :Cy {
FuF J G K
Fr\ G^ v&n= :ADo` `MG ^ D
Fr_ ^ K = K `M^
F|d K K
Fre
Frg
J 6 HD
?X B% H7D
@W<e+'7U E 'W)'MK7NV 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM k f 7 5 7UWiaC /%L 5 e E :G78RW e
J
N/c D% HD
f 7 5 7UWibC V Rv 5%E6 M.9 5EaE T 5 ; 5 E VY%RJ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W 'e'+'M.'_>S+T 5
7\&d J
;:?A?=D>D: ?& HD
5 'e78+W<+e%: 5 ; 5 PV RW VYRb 5 7878 E 5 e;$ 5 e;$KS+T 5 ;J 5 e%:G7 5 M'V JRW
VYR(] 5 5 78 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 Cd= 5 :GbY%RbYRy 5 ;$>W 5%E ;$ e'7 5EF M'9 5%E
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Io
!"q "
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "Io
X? o
5 W 5 ?XB& HD V 5 EaE L>W 5E 5 W ++7G:G+_N3Y%R :G>W 5%E E8E :G' 5 ;$(e
78: 5 7GeL; 5 L>M'iU9Wi;) G ae E M''e9 E "><)"N<; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM ){C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB@

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^T;%:Q; v ^t = > 6;
e n JO Y Z LP : 6; [GAG KG&HL&[:C K KG G&HK [G
g n JO Y Z LS K = Z?O > [Gc6;Z?HZ&K ^ =Z?H
h JO Z K KG G&HK [G K K
i n JO Y Z LTv%n: G 6; [GAG v%n:C
k
Frq n JO Y Z LP;%:Q; [G yu; j6G&= H
>K 6v%n; : G 6;^&[@GM{ G ( K : ZbO 6; [G ^6D K : Z?O 6; [G ^
FuF K KG GUHK [G
Fr\ ^ n :Cy {
Fr_ J G K
F|d G v&n:A`ÀG^D
Fre ZbHZ&L&K:AÀ^
Frg Zb^ H = À^&@
Fh K K
Fri
Frk
F ;%:Q; [G a;%:^ K = K yr G LQ;%p G : G%K <{ 9K%:N ;%:<;&:6=?>^X=A9=QC:6B^G 6%Qv6L G n KZ ; H
\ : 6; ^Do` YY
_ K Z?O [G HJ
d = > 6;^ ` ^%H@SJ Y` Y YY
e Kv%nK: G 6G&; HK [DoG ` YYH J
g ; G [GA` G YY HJ
h j6GUHMK HQJ
i LQ;&p : aD` S L%;%p : yU %U6&{B ; yu<{
k G G GQK a ` HG S G L%;%p G : GQK yQ9Q{B J; HZ yu<H {
Frq HG G G GQK JHZ H
FuF
Fr\ :M
Fr_ K ` U 9Q u^6Do`t= : ^ = yuaDQ{ & &&6&
F|d K }S }Do` v%n: K^^ ZbO; K yuaKDQ{ mU %U6& }
Fre G^ `t=G K : ZbOG ^ K =Z K H ya {
9Q } }
Frg
Fh X: : A;&:Q6;^%@SÀy ^ K = KDG > G&^6HDK 3y<^ { 3^%@{
Fri GQK%J HAH6G [G K G
Frk L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
\uq K N G G K6Z HzG
\F LQ; ^ > Yyu<C la;%:6^ = l%{
\u\ : H J: G HAK6Z ;%:%6; G y DK K^D3^ ^%@{
\u_ G%K%J HSHG [G K G
\d
\ue
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Dbs X D'
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
R78}C'">7G E >e:URW g$+W<M 5 ;$#781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+}Y%R<7G>7G E >e%:8 5 :87GNU9 5

;$7 5 78Wi
7\&d b b^ bb }
7\&d b } g }

g |
` }X~e

y!"
s9 !
" y%!" B9 !" yZ!
B9 !" " y%!" B9 Z! 7!!"
2 y!"
B9 Z! 2 y!"
s9 !
j[.R78<C."Nu#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+)78( XC

jMH:UW}V% 5 78V 5E eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E YR`7GN 5 e9>++W`W 5 e:UW 781 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>J7U
N/D% HD
E +g$7G EGEG E ;}M''eR>W ++ C
465 W 5 ;$ E8E +W 5E V>;z:G' 5 ;$ig$78 E8E T 5 ]i7G>7G+p
E +e%:8; 5
X
5 7#RW e;$ E :G'e: 5 C D 5 ; 5E EGE E e EE T 5,E RPMK E8E E ;+M' EGE
W 5E :G7U;ze 5 7 5 78WizC %q Cz7G'W<+'7 5 :8. 5 ;$ig$78 E8E T 5 ]i7GN 5 e9>+'; 5 t+M 5 eT 5 p
:G>7GW<'eM 189 GV[78 E +e%:U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWiC o#iY%Ri 5 e E :87GZRW e}78zRWi
g$78 E8E T 5 78+MK+ 5 eMXC
F v%n: G 6; [GAG v%n: G ^Q^ Z ; H yr G LQ;%p G : G%9K :;%<<{:=?>K&N =A:;&CBô! 9=Q:6^ G 6%QvL G n K6Z ; H
\ v%n: 6; Do` YY ` YY
_ G [GAG HJ G HJ
e
g
h
i K :M Do` > v%n:yE{
k G HJ G
Frq
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N"
!"q/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N"
FuF y K ` }] K ` Q }]K ` }] K ` % } ] K ` " }] K ` Q" } {

Fr\ G ` HQDoJ >` G v%nS:CyE{ YQ= ; =Y&6; y D {
Fr_ G H6G G K6Z H [G K G G
F|d X: : D
Fre GQK%J H
G
Frg L%= L y9=Q:^ v6L n ; {
Fh K N G G K6Z HzG
Fri LQ; ^ > Yyu<C l v%n: ^Q^ ; l&{
Frk : G%HK%J J: HSG HHG K6SZ G Y%= K6GZ ; H =Y&G 6; [GG y K Z HG D G {
\uq
\F
\u\
"7!#8 9: Y%R^78: 5 78eW; 5 E NCD% H7D VIYR^ E :878T 5 >e 1 5 M'1 '; 5E
=J 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; 5 e 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G6 RWi(g$78 E8E T 5 78+MK+ 5 eMXVI E8E FeT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
D Y%R`'e;$K+Y%RM] 55 t+7U; 5 7

_^;R E U9Wi; E
:8W3t]+W ]^'eM'R ; 5 e 5 e D:C'A? cAMCE HD C? E8E êV% 5 7G:8e%: 5 ] ;$ e'; 5 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U
eJ+g 7G EGE T 5 7G>M' 5 eM{C f 7U( 5 W<M':U7 5 eLVRW
5 7 5 7UWi0C C

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X YQ= ; =Y&6; v ^Tv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; G K6v%Z nH:D [v%nGM: G KG&H[ G [G
g JO Z G [GAG G
h
i n JO Y Z LT G YQ= K6Z ; H =Y&6; [G yu; j6GUHK (v%n: G 6; [GAG Dv%n: G 6; [GAG {
k
Frq ^ Jv&nn:G :CDoy K` { D
FuF G v&n: ` G
Fr\ G G
Fr_
F|d
c89: G N/ D& HD MD:C'A? cAC"
H7D
= 5 :G@Y%R 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM )78: 5 7GeL6RW V deT 5 RW
C l E8E5 5 78Y%R3e+W E +W<7839#> E W<+e%: 5 5 W E >Re;i7G:G); 5 eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXV
5 R E vV 5 + E W<>e: 5 5 WRW 5 L>78; 5 7 7G>M' 5 eM{VP< E +Re;zU9Wi; 7!#89
e>W E >W)7G< 5 e%:GNCb EGE 'WVy 5 ;$ E >7(Y%Rig$78 E8E T 5 78: 5 7GeL;it+M 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5}E v
c7!"89 Ci=^ EGE i+ E5
MD:C'A? cACE HD
Y%R>M'z78: 5 7GeL;zL>M'78'W)>.7U}U9Wi; V 5 :G' 5 ;+g 7G EGE T 5
eT 5 ;+1 E +7 C
?dW E >RK;V :G+W 5%E^5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM 7!#8 9: VY%R] E :Ue%:G E +W<+M'9e:8b 89: .
GLC[2;$. +78+eS> 5 e E E :GF+W 5 ;+7[:G>7Z E >ReL;^7:86; 7 5 ;$RS+T 5 78+t:GK;(;$'1+7 E E
@HMH HD
1>_+ E C fZ5 7` E8E5 Vi+;)1>_bYRb 5 e%:G>+JRW> E W<+e%: 5 5 W EGE <7:8J;<7 5 ;$RLS+T 5 V
RWe 5 1 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMy; 5 :G' 5 ]b78'; 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"qI
i i
">% àà BZ)*à@*<a
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB7 '
\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^T ; v ^Xv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; [[ [v%nGA:GD KG&Hv%n[ : G [G
g JO Z G [GAG G
h n Y LP ; yu; v%n: 6; Dv%n: 6; {
i JO Z [[ [G j6G&H
K G [GMG G [GMG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
Fr\ G G
Fr_
F|d
^g`$VP:G+78+W c7!"89# 5 e E :G78R'e; 5
@HMH HD ox'A66 HD
fZ5 7Jg$+W<M 5 V E 0:G'1>7GW 5E g$78 E8E T 5 5%E
DM
x'6A 6 HD 7U
; 5 E e E ; 5 :8. 5 [RW e 78JJ78.W<>.7U E5 WiVY%R^ 5E8E R; 5 E
5 W 5z M.9 5%E ViRW E +Re; 5 Y%R< 5E8E R DM 5 W 5 78'W)>.7 5 M'9 5 ViRW
`- 5 W 5E >ReL; 5& M.9 5 C? E8E E .:GRS+T 5 ]7G E >e:U;-e R7U-C."q CO.W< 5 7G:8e:8
e 5 :87FY%R(0781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+bW 5 e%:8;3;$ EGE J 5 78Wib78 E L>H:U3 E >W<e%:GK+b;$ E v;37U
g$78 E8E T 5 V 5 R E vVK^g]}:G7U:U; 5 W 5 RWi E RL+g 7G EGE T 5 Y%R} 5 78Wi-RW; 5%E
5 t+7U; 5 78 E 78# E >ReL;#;'S>T 5 5 W ` C l EGEG5 ]3W0R.: 5 'W< 5 7:Ue%:GVL 5 E RWi#781 5 7G

5 e E :G78R ;(;a 5 78W<J;$'1>7 E .78'JMH:8+7U7 5bE 'e >; 5 ^ 5 78Wi(;Î1IM.KS>T 5 ;(g$78 E p
D N/D V >D NC V
E T 5 Cd= <1>78;;$V<7G7GK)7UWi:8'>b:8+WYR E >7 5 e E :87GR ;<;$J 5 7GWi<<78 E +7817`
?=D>
78 5 7GK;;$b 5 7FW<+ 5 ;$ ;.1+7 E5%E e 1+ E ;eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eL E 5 W 5
+:8>Fb< EGEG5 K:G'1 ';;$J; 5Ea5 L>78; 5 78 E C
F v%n: G 6; [GPHQJ > G v%n:CyE{ K%N :;&^T9=Q:^9G:6;%%<%:=?v6>L=AG n CK6BZ ; H

\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG HJ G
d ; j6GUHMK
e
g
h G y Do` KG :U>yE{
i y K ` 9Q }]K ` & UQ6 } {
k
Frq G ` KDG :U` >y{ S 6; y D {
FuF { G H6G [[ [G K G G
Fr\ &: GQK%J : H
G D
Fr_
F|d
eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM O)
!)VLW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<<C %V]3eM 5 5 5c7!"89 V 5 78]+W
3@C?& H7D E .W<'M'7^ 5@HMHQ HD C
:G7U:U ; 5 R$:G7 5E :8. 5E ;$ 5 L>78; 5 78 E 78H:8W<]:GK 5%E ;(M.'eRL>W ++ CZ (W< E Wi 5 78W<V
5
X
eiY%R+M' 5 e E :87G{VY%RJ] 5 f 7 5 7UWi3C o V$]
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/
!"qo
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/
Z!
Z! %2&% |y!
|y! &2&% yZ! %K
%2 %2
j[.R7U)C."q(u#?kg$>W)M 5 ;$7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+)78 (7!#89: C
F v%n: G 6; [GSKG :U>yE{ K&N :;&ô9=Q:6^ G 6%9Q:;%v<L:G =?n>K6=AZ ; CH B

\ v%n: 6; Do` YY
_ G [GAG HJ G
d ; j6GUHMK
e
g
h G y Do` JH =Q: G v&n:CyE{
i y K ` %% }]K ` &# }]K ` } {
k
Frq G ` JDH =Q` : G v% n:CyY{ 6; y D {
FuF { G H6G QJ K [G K G G
Fr\ X: GQK%J : H
G D
Fr_
F|d
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACB Qs
\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^ Y 6; v ^Tv%n: ;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6Q; J K v%n[GA:DG Kv%G&Hn[: G [G
g JO Z G [GAG G
h n Y L Y 6; y; (v%n: 6; Dv%n: 6; {
i JO Z QJ K [G j6G&H
K G [GAG G [GAG
k ^ n :Cy {
Frq J G K
Fr\ G G
Fr_
F|d
c A6= <D N/
qQc A6= < HD DQ
^Wi 5 t+7US>T 5 Re78K]i78> 5 e9NK;ze 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM VLY%RiW 5 e%:8zRW
e); 5 :8. 5 Y%R 5E8E Ry; 5 Ed M.9 5%E [RW Y%R( 5 e%:G]>W 50EG W0 5 M 5 7G>7G+p
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G DbQ X D'Q
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
E +e%:8e:8); 5 L>78S+T 5 E +7J+ :GRL; 5 R$:87 5 Y%R<]0RW N/D% HD VLY%R)78+78 E +e%:8z
g$78 E8E T 5bEG5 78 0YRLM 535 t+7U; 5 7d]JM'K+; 5 Cd eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eMJ3MK E8E ; 5 e0+7U; 5
E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5E e 5%E 7 5 7UWi E C o" bC o$C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=ACBD

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Qô =Q:QQ6; v ^Tv%n: 6;
e n JO Y Z LTv%n: 6; H v%n[:CGA G KG&H[ G [G
g JO Z G [GAG
h
i n JO Y Z LX H =Q:QQ6; [G yu; j6GUHmK v%n: G 6; [GAG {
k
Frq ^ Jv&nn:AG :C` y K {
FuF G G
Fr\
Fr_
F v%n: G 6; [GPJQH =Q: G v%n:CyE{ K%N :;&^X9=Q9:6:^;%G<:%=?Q>=Av6L CG Bn K6 Z ; H

\ v%n: 6;
_ G [GAG
e
g %y ` 9Q
h K }] K ` U UQ } { MG `Ta=L K ;&:CyE{
i X: GQK%J : H yty K `Q` HJ YQY6{q G H6G t H =Q:Q; [G y K G { {
k
?^V eM'W<+e%:GV:G>W 5%Ek5E :8. 5E W< E L E ' 5E ;$`g$78 E8EG E YR E T 5 78> 5 e9NK; 5E t+M 5
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM$
) Ve 5 7 5 78Wi3Co/C
F v%n: G 6; [G a=L K ;%:yE{ K%N :;U^T9=Q:6^ G96:%;%Q<:v6=?>L G =An KCZ B ; QH @
\ v%n: 6; ` YQY
_ G [GAG HJ
d ; j6GUHMK
e
g y
h
i K ` ZbHK L%; H ^ K = HK} G ` H6G
HK ; H ^ K 6; [G y K {
k ] ` ^ : <LQ; ^ = ` c : <; ^ 6; y {
Frq K K ZbH H K HK} G H6G K Z?H H K [G K
FuF ] ` YYLQ; ^ = ` t YYQ; ^ ; y {
Fr\ K bHJ H K HK} G H6G J H K [G K
Fr_ ] ÀY&p=Y y YY{
F|d G J6G HJ
Fre ] 9% ` v%n: ^^ ; y YY6{ 9QQ
Frg }SG G G Z H HJ }
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db7 X D''
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "No
Fh {
Fri X
: QG K%J : H
G
Frk
? &? HD V
;? ?U HD VY%Ri7G+p
? E8E deLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM 5 ;$k78: 5 7GeL7y;$'1+7 EG5E :G' 5E ;$@e E C[7G'W<+'7 5 ] 5
@CXC &? H7D VPY%Ri7G>78 E +e%:8

Y%Ri78+78 E +e%:8zRWi} 5 e E :Ue%:G<e RW<]+78K+Cz E +Re; 5 ] 5
78 E +e%:8RWi 5 e E :8e:8 E :87G'eV 5 :G>78++'7 5 ]#RW
5 e E :8e%:8 /7CZ? E8E E e E 5E8E R+W: 5 ; 5%E RW He' 5 M'9 5 V Y%R] 5 : 5 +e#Y%R 7G>78 E +e%:8
< 5 e E :Ue%:GJ78> 5 e9NK;0L>M 5 m C
^M']+W;$ EGE E e E V 5 & 5 ;$:UW0L]>W 7G+: 5 78e7 5E e E ; E U9W<; E 54(e
/89 G)eaM.'e9b">C= 5 78.W<>.7 5 + E5 V> 5 W 5 v`1 .W 5E VN 5 ;$>W 5%E :G>7BRW
x'A6 HD V>RW &? HD VIRW KHD HD)5 R)RW AMCXC HD V>Ve 5E >ReL; 5 + EG5 VY%RM'Y%R>7
M'.e9L"+ 5 Rb
:G' 5 7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 5 789U G VY%R E T 5 : 5 ; E EBE Rt+M' EGE E ;$ N/cD% HD CP R7U`C'">
7G E >e:Uz7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'> 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G J g$78 E8E T 5 ^gVZ ` ~ Y%R
R$:8.M'._N<;$.1+7 E5%E ; 5E e E ;$ E 78.: 5E C
' % MZ!
Z! &2 < ( y!
|y!" %2&% yZ! %K*) Z!
%2 |y! %K + M9"Z! y!" 7 y!
%K %2, 7 y! %2 %K
%K
j['R7U0C."Nu?dg >W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+)78))g$78 E8E T 5 C

a + b.x < 3 c[2]
fZ5 7"HM.:G'W 5 V61+78+W 5E Y%R E<E T 5 E W 5 ;$ +S E eN EGE 78' E e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 !"; 5
e 5%EGEG5 m 7U0Y%R 5 5 787800W 5 e:U+W;<7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
F n69 Q= 6L U=Q6< &n6=Q:U/^ y:CY%= H <{ 9:;%<:=?>=ACB %

\ j G G
_
d Z >>nn;&;&:: Kc: =QpLQ=;&p B Z :;/B B RR >n;%: =A=^SLQY%=^^ ^ : L n :=7 ; ::;^ ;X
e Z >n;&: K ^&G =GL LU: B RZ R >n6K ;%: =A=^PLQYQG=^Q^ [G^ G; ^ J Gx^ = [:pGt;%:G ^ [ L%=
g Z K HK K6Z GG Z K G [ H [ G ZbHKQK6Z
h
i
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G Db X D'Q
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
k na JO =Y YAZ LA^ LQ=YQ=^QLS^tYQ = H: <QM<t :^ ; `lEffS;>n Y : :^ ; DBs sQsQl
Frq ZbH L%; K 9K=%:6Z ^ :QK :;%Z?H:c`SGs Z H Z G G Z H X
FuF ZbH;K;Y = HK G<%: LQ;%p :QC RRSL%; :;QRYQRt=SLQp; HK: = [;;%^ : [GS:G ::L ;n^S:^ =!ZbH KQ; KZ LQ;^ ::;^
Fr\O; G HcYQ=[^ G&OQJ::;%:cG ` G YY HK G O GS[G G J G [GSG
Fr_ j6GUH K HJ
F|d
Fre RRT a ;> ; ;ml>= l =AL%YQ=^^ Y%= Z?H= [ y : <cG=Q:<^H { :;&^T9=Q:6^ v6L n ;
Fh JO Z K K6Z Z&[ ZbH K ZbH K&N G G KZ H
Fri ;;QY =
Frk O G HM[G&OJ <%=^t`ta=Y^ G
\uq O ;;QY G = HM[G&OJ <&: G LQ;%p G :
`Pa=Y^ G
\F K : ZbH <Aa Z Y G&H =?> G `llRR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p;S=A^ G :A= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;
\u\ Y%= H <Pn=Q:6^ G : RRP= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;%:cY%Qv Z LQ;QR^ ZbHKQK6Z LQ;
\u_
\d Z?H;Kc;Y Z = >^T`ta=Y^
\ue O G H G
\ug &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y G :6^ Z ; H {
\h RQRSYQS;ôn6=Q:?> GQK :;^Xn6=^^%= [ ;^Xn6=Q:=A;ALQ;?>n Z YQ= [ ;%:
\ui
a ;%:y `Ps ZT =Q:<^BY G&H < K%N! D Z ff{
\uk Z
_uq
_F Z ayu=Q:<6^< QZ&=^tB GQI&` J =Y: ^yl b[G&OQJ <%l%{{
_u\ [G&OJ K J6G
_u_ G aY^ G yu=Q:<6^ B =Y^yl <%: LQ;%p :QlQ{{
_d Z <%Z&: G GQLQI&;&Jp G :c` b[K G&: OQJ6J G G G
_ue
[ &
G
O J
_ug G Y^ G
_h %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?l^%=Q< GZ ^ =Qp=AYQ= H < b[G&OJ <& lf
_ui l b[G&OJ <&: G LQ;%p G : ZbH n JK a Z Y G l%{
_uk %
6
^ KG >B G v ZUK ys{
dq
dF
d\
d_ ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQI%J =Y^y?l l&{{
dud Z RRtYQ = := = n6= : ;
de %6^ KG >B; JK [ B|n: ZbG&HHKK Y H [ y?lE G = [6[ ZbH <aQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK BSBtBl&{
dg n6=Q:^ G :A` HG cYQ= H <Cy%^ KG >B ZbH {RRSLU: Z =t
dh
di
dk G Y^ G RRtYQ ;t=Q: p;
euq a Z Y G&H =b> G `P[ =Q:<6Î&J=Q:Z <6^BY G&H < K%N D
eF %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G = [6ZbH <aQ:;?>
eu\
eu_ K :An6 =Q:6R^ RS:AL&:` Z =tM YQ= <y =%p=CB ;B Y n : =?>yua Y =b> {Q{
ed G H6G H H6G Z Z G H JK K G Z G&H G
eue
eug %^ >Bu; B|n: Y y?l Y lfPa Z Y G&H =b> G fml H ; K a; JH[ BEl%{
eh : GQK&J : H KG JK ZbHK H Z G
eui
euk
guq
gF
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N%q-
!"q
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 nx(V6^/z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N%q
gu\ ^ 6; :;; ` YQY

gu_ n =QZ :6K^ G :C[B [G G&OJ <%K : G L%H;%pJ G :m` [GUOJ <%: G LQ;%p G :C
gd Z ay [G&OJ <%=^{n6=Q:^ G :/B [Z ^%= O Y G K :=L ZbH <Cy{oRR [G ^%= O B(p G : O ;^ GS[ ;P
gue K :M: ;; `Xn6=%:6^ :/Bn:;%<:=b>yE{ RRtL =b>=M;> ; ; a=QVS=t= Y ^
gug K G N K [ I%J6G H6 Z G
gh L&= L yr9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ; {
gui K N G G K6Z HzG
guk &6^ KG >B G ::/Bn: ZbHK Y H y G Br< GQKQG ^^%=Q< G y{{
hq
hF a ZbH =YY&c
h\ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/B K ; j6G&H ^Q; J :L G Ba6; JH[ G v%::;%:Cy{cf
h_ l v L%=YT::;%:6^Pa; l&{
hrd %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/BLQ;G HK Z 96=Q:6^ G ::;%:f JH[
he lo% HK =L K6Z LT::;%:^Ta; JH[ l%{
hg
huh
hi RR>= ZbH
hk
I E
&<?A o ? o DXD
E M.:G+7US E +:GR; E3E i>e 5 e:878W >WL>e E :87 5 e%: 5%E ; 5 7 5 78W<CoLC
7G'W<+'7 5 V$e)M.'e9iV+WY%R E T 5 .W< 5 7G:8; E E +M' EGE E ; 5 5 :G V
? ]i;$ eK;} 5 W 5 RWi178'I1+MZ; 5 :G' 5 ?& HD i}U9W<;

Y%R E T 535E e E YR 5 7GWiW37G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+Cd E65 R$:87 5%E ; 5 E E :8T 5 e E M.'e9 E %(
5 eL;$iz17GKI1>M
9!)V$YR( 5 787G E 5 e;^ 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eML.e'+'Mt;37UWi:8'>V] M.:G>78;
E *v:87G'R ; J 178KI1+M ? }78._i;7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK++7GK;;R78e%:Gi
5 W)]+: 5 ; 5
78}Y%R
eLM' E E 'e:U:8'>C
C'A6-.-? C'A1b7AcA Cy2;H >7G>eS+

f 7Ui78'7 5 e 5E8EG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7>V 5 7 5 N;$'W)>e%: 5 t+78W<e>+.eLM.:G+7U; 5 C6 +1+W 5E 7 5 p
<?A o ? o cDXD
EGE 7 5 7UYR.1 5 V;$+ 5 E V 5 W).MK7 5 7UYR.1 5 ]
Y%R^ 5 7U(g$ E :G 50E RP;$'7G+:G7G 5 V>Y%R 5 7878 E 5 e;$` 5 5 :8^;$^W< E W 5
e 5 W)zz 5 e%:G]>W E MK E8E E 78 >7G>e%:G E 5%E e E ;-781 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+C-=T 5 9e>e9 RWi
Wie>.7Ui;$ E t+78W 5E V 5 7>eY%Re%: 5 V E 3i7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>i 5 e E :87GR ;i 5 787G E 5 e;b 5
Y%R`;$ E *vW 5EZ5 R<eT 5 C l EGEG5E >78( 5 7U;; 5 e 5 > :GRM 5 q V 5 e;$a1+78+W 5E 5 W 5 'W<78.W<'7
<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"N
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"N"
i i
Captulo 7
Exibio da rvore
Sinttica
=^ E :83+ :GRM 5 1+78+W 5E 5 W 5 1 E RM.'_>7#781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+i 5 e E :G78R ;it+M 5 e 5%EGEG5 m C
465 W E8E5 V% 5 ;$+W 5%E 1+78 >7 E (e 5%EGE b'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;)781 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+0 E :8) 5 7G78:UC
7:8.70;$ 5 7UVeT 5 R$:8.M''_>78+W 5%E Wi E5 7UY%R'1 5 C v vbL7U_+>7GW 5%E e 5E8E E 'W)M.+p
W<+e%:8S E Cd :G7UM.9 5 ; 5 m :8+78W<.e) 5 5 e E :87GR.7a37G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>3(3L7G:G'7F;$ E :8
W 5 W<+e%: 5 V$'7G>W 5%EaE >W)7G 5 e E :G78R.7`7 5 7UWi E Y%R:GRLW 5 W E Je>M'C
^M']+W ;$t+78W).:G'7<1+78 >S>T 5 ;i781 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>V 5 + ;. 5 W 5%E :878; 5 e E :G3> p
:GRM 5#E +781J 5 W 5 RWi<'e%:G7 5 ;RS+T 5 lJE ;$+Wi E E E ; 5 e 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NCZ +g$.KS+T 5 ;
781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>]F +:GR;( 5 7ZRW 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$FW<]: 5 ; 5%E YRaeM' E W 5%E e E ;(781 5 7G
; 5 :UW E S E eN E8E 78' E 7U+g '.pXM 5E %7U+;:8. 5 m ;$ eV%g$ E :8RW 5 RiWi E
W<]: 5 ; 5E 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G E CeM. E E +Wie:8'>}}>78S+T 5 ;$z$;$' 5E i7 5 + E8E W
g:8W<>e:8z;W< E Wi 5 7GWiC 4 ;-e;-7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+-;$+1 E +7<1 E .:8; 5 R$:8.M'.p
_>e; 5)5E W<]: 5 ; 5E 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G E 5E :G' 5E ;$e E bYR(78>M.'_>W0:878<;$ E v;V
Y%R+7 E *v}eM' E E >Wie%:GK+Vy+7US>T 5 ;$#$;$' 5 VY%R+7 E *v E .W<M' E W<+e%:Gi}'W)7G EGE T 5
;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+C
l 7G>W 5E 'e'+'M.W<>e:8VF E :8L>M.N+7# 5 W 5 YR+78+W 5E 1 E RM.'_>7i7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+V

;$> 5 E V3;$ E +7G>1+7 E ;$RL E E E eN E8E 78' E 7UY%R EGEG5 5%EGE E +7 >H: 5 5 W 5
'W)M.>W)>e%:8prMK E C? EGE E ;$R E E E0E T 5 &e RW<>78S+T 5 ; 5E e E ;781 5 7Gi}-g$.'S>T 5
7 5 78KW<+e%:GJ;$.:8C
7.1 Exibio da rvore sinttica

dW 5%E R$:8.M'._N7(RWii 5 7GWii E :Ue%:G E 'W<M. E ;31 E RM.'_>77G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>V 5 R E *vV
'e'+'M.W<>e:83e RW<+7U7 5E(E >R E e E VB;$> 5 E VPg$'HprM 5E eL 5 78;$>W>W Y%Rb 5 78We RW<+p
7U; 5%E V%W 5E :G7Ue; 5)5 :G' 5 XH
;$+;be)Y%R EF5E e W<+7 5E ; 5%EFE +R EF M.9 5E CZe RW<+7US>T 5
;$>1J.e'+'7p E Jt+MK<78._J E +7a >H:U<7G'W<+'7 5 >W7 5 ReL;$';;$V 5 R E *vV E >R'e; 5 +;
7UW 5 ;i781 5 78 :G] 5) eM{C
">
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"q
!"N
i i
"Iq àà BZ)*à@*<a
dW 5E : 5 Wi7^ 5 W 5 g$+W<M 5<5 7 5 7UWi3 E +R.7N
`&h=îXi^
iSXdb[7g
`\[iSXd=:`S\&d b'[7S`

g` X:

b[7Sf

T7d:b'[7S gVU g

m +R'e; 5 Je RW<+7US>T 5 ;$ E 78.:8V 5 $:8+W 5E 7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>(; R7Ubq C'"CZ^WiJ1>_
+.:8-e RW<+7US>T 5 V1W 5%E g$''7)7G1 5 78iW &k
5E :G7Ue; 5-E NY +e+'M.W<+e%:8+;RW ; 5%E
XH
c D
e E C f 7Ub+;eLVW 5E :G7UW 5%E YRLMt] 50E +R<:8. 5 (YRL E@E T 5b5%E e W<+7 5E ; E +R Ed M.9 5E C
465 W 55E e E Y%R E T 5 eT 5zE T 5 e%RW)>78; 5E VPg$'.W
H
5%E ;.78: 5E +R 5 e%:8 ; 5 +W
1>_;$JW XH
5%E :8787 E >Re W<>7 5 C
f 7U 5 +g >W<M 5 L>e E 1 E : 5 V :G>7 W 5%E E +R.e%:8 E ;
} U a =b iS ^ \=a7_ h=îXi $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ X= ~ [XhXh

~ U h=^ i=i $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX ^[XchXh
U h=î=i \=a ^ \=a7_XX [XhXh ~X~
U a b=iS ^ \=a7_ ^&d $ _`&h ^ \=aX_ =X z [=chXh
U ^&d $ _`&h ^ \&a7_X= iSXd:b'[7!
eU a b=iS ^ \=a7_ ^&d ^ \&a7_ X= [XhXh
U ^&d ^ \=a7_X= g
U a b=iS ^ \=a7_ \[:iS=d=:`S $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ X= z [XhXh
U \[:iSXd=:`S $ _`&h ^ \&a7_XX }
} U,_S=Q\=a \=a ^ \&a7_=X }X}}
}X} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ XX }~ [Xch=h
}~ *U ^d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX b[7S }
} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d ^ \=a7_ XX %} [XchXh
%} *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X `
} U h&\` ^ \&a7_XX }
} eU a b&iS ^ \=aX_ S^S_f:_[XS ^ \=a7_ X= } [XchXh
} U S=d:bg ^ \&a7_XX Q} w}
} *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X g
} U a=a ^ \=a7_=X ~X ~:}
~X *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X `
~:} U S=d:b[7 \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX X
~X~ U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ _&S&Q\=a $ _`&h ^ \=aX_ XX ~X [XchXh
i i
i i
i i
i i
:C
EF D<
7N 8
E6
S
LM24
:C :C WM24 T524
@N
J524
EF D< EF D< @N <B A? 67
E6 :9 :9 867 : 89
8 X ;< ;< :9 ;<
;<
3G2 3=2
:C
3J2
54 M4 332
54 :C
EF D< M4 @N 67 EF D4 G>?24 =>?24
:C EN 86 Y4 54 ?4 <8
R:
7NP 8 K524
@77 @77
3524
bp EF D< :B H B 67 67
S:E > N 86 867 : H; : 89 :H EF D<
bl F] E6
X 78 8
c ] :9
e cr ;<
=G2
=K2 =W2 =T2 =L2 ==2
:C Y4 54 ?4 :C < 8Q 4 54
EF D< NE Z64 :B H EF D< R: 67
:9
;;
:9 867 <B A;? : 89
\ ;< : 89 ;< : 9D V ;<
;< ;< :9
;<
=J2
GU2 < 8Q 4
:C M4 R:
EF D< @N
:9 : H;
X ;< ;I
:9
;<
"
q " +
Z [
^
L
0
*$

6
a \

b
N l [
/ 6
|{
zF10 l1x0 (
+
O
u ^Z
i i
/ N

" !

"
q
"

&
%

+

i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D' MX Db%
i i
"Iq àà BZ)*à@*<a
~X U,_S=Q\=a $ _`&h ^ \&a7_=X b[7Sf ~

~ U,_S=Q\=a \=a ^ \&a7_=X [XchXh ~
~ U h&\` ^ \&a7_XX ~
~ eU a b&iS ^ \=aX_ S^S_f:_[XS ^ \=a7_ X= ~ [XchXh
~ U db[7S ^ \&a7_XX ~
~ U a=a ^ \=a7_=X ~ X
~ U S=d:b[7 \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX gU
X *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X g
2 7d787G+p
D7?Q H H< H7D
ReL; 5 RW ; 5E M'9 5%E ;0RW ;$:8+78W)'e; 5 ezeT 5 +g E :GVR$:G'M.'_>p E
XH
?& HD ;:?A?=D>DQ?& H7D
78 E +e%:87b E8E E .:GRS+T 5 C fZ5 73+g$+W<M 5 V 5 ee W<>7 5 ]#RW Y%R
;$>1+78K<:G>7 RW 0RW 5 W 5# M'9 5E C 465 W 55 W)]+: 5 ; 5 ! ; 5
|C=C
7 5 78W<3eM. E ; 5 eLT 5 5%EGE RP7UW<+:G7 5E V+e%:UT 5)5 78'W)>.7 50 M.9 5 eT 5 +g$ E :GJ :G+W 5%E
e 5 eiC
&? H7D +g$.K; 5 W 5%E :878^Y%RM] 5 :G' 5 ;$6eFG 5 e%:GK; 5 ke^M' E :UC fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 V
?& H7D Rv 5 M'9 5 ]<RW x'A6 HD C 465 W 5z5%E : 5 >e E eT 5}E T 5
4 ;
5 XH
eze W<>7 5 ">/z]0RW
@HMHQ HD +Rv 5EF M.9 5%EÈ T 5<5E e E 0b/ )JRW DQ Y%Rb 5 787G E 5 e; 5iEG W0 5 M 5 z`C
e RW<+7U; 5%E VZL78>>W ;$'78: 5 eg$'KS+T 5 ;$ E +R E E C f[5 73+g >W<M 5 V 5 e-]#RW
?dW3 5 7Ub'W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;g$'KS+T 5 ;b781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+JeT 53E *v( +.:83e 5 78Y%R'1 5
9 c
C v vV;$+1+W 5E _>+7FLNYR+e E MH:8+7US E e 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 78.e+.LMP; 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 767U
Y%R) E8E g$.'S>T 5zE *v# +.:8Cb7G'W<+'78z;$+MK E ])z'eM'R E T 5 ;0RWi 5 PS+T 5
e E M.'e9 E /<ii; 5 7 5 7UWi<q C'"C
F R RTn G aY ZbH6LwG ;^ >= K ;LP[ ;mp; l>= >Z?H= l [ y=A :L%YQ9=:<c^;%^ <G=Q::=?<Y%>=^=H <'C/{ BEB D :;&^T9=Q:6^ v6L n ;
\ J O Z K K6Z Z&[ ZbH K ZbH K&N G G KZ H
_ ;;QY =
d O ;;QY G = HM[G&OJ <<%&:=^tLQ;%`tp a:=
Y^ G`P a=Y^
e O ;;QY G = HMn[:G&OJ :G G`Pa=Y^ G
g O G H ZbHK K GG G
h K : ZbH <Aa Z Y G&H =?> G `llRR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p;S=A^ G :A= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;
i Y%= H <Pn=Q:6^ G : RRP= H =Y Z ^%= [ ;%:cY%Qv Z LQ;QR^ ZbHKQK6Z LQ;
k
Frq Z?HKcZ
FuF O ;;Y G = H >^T`ta=Y^ G
Fr\ &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y G :6^ Z ; H {
Fr_ RQRSYQS;ôn6=Q:?> :;^Xn6=^^%= ;^Xn6=Q:=A;ALQ;?>n YQ= ;%:
F|d a;%:y Z `Ps ZTGQ K =Q:<^BY G&H < K%[ N! D Z ff{ Z [
Fre
Frg
Fh Z ayu=Q:<6^< QZ&=^tB GQI&` J =Y: ^yl b[G&OQJ <%l%{{
Fri [G&OJ K J6G
Frk G aY^ G yu=Q:<6^ B =Y^yl <%: LQ;%p :QlQ{{
\uq Z <%Z&: G GQLQI&;&Jp G :c` b[K G&: OQJ6J G G G
\F
[ &
G
O J
\u\ G aY^ G yu=Q:<6^ B =Y^yl n: : l%{{
\u_ Z n: Z& : GQI&J ` : Z?HK K GG
\d ZbHK K GG K J6G
\ue G Y^ G
\ug
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"q/
!"No
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "q/
\h %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?l^%=Q< GZ ^ =Qp=AYQ= H < b[G&OJ <& lf
\ui l <&: LQ;%p : n: : n a Y l%{
\uk %6^b[KG&G >OJ B G v Z&KG ys{G ZbHK K GGQmZbH JK Z G
_uq
_F
_u\ ay=Q:<^ Z& B GQI%J =Y^y?l l&{{
_u_ Z RRtYQ = := = n6= : ;
_d %6^ KG >B; JK [ B|n: ZbG&HHKK Y H [ y?lE G = [6[ ZbH <aQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK BSBtBl&{
_ue n6=Q:^ G :A` HG cYQ= H <Cy%^ KG >B ZbH {RRSLU: Z =t
_ug
_h Y^
_ui G G RRtYQ [ ;t=Q: I&JZ p;
_uk a Z Y G&H =b> G `P=Q:<6^=Q:<6^BY G&H < K%N D
dq %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G = [6ZbH <aQ:;?>
dF
d\ K :An6 =Q:6R^ RS:AL&:` Z =tM YQ= <y =%p=CB ;B Y n : =?>yua Y =b> {Q{
d_ G H6G H H6G Z Z G H JK K G Z G&H G
dud
de %^ >Bu; B|n: Y y?l Y lfPa Z Y G&H =b> G fml H ; K a; JH[ BEl%{
dg : GQK&J : H KG JK ZbHK H Z G
dh
di
dk
euq ^ 6; :;; ` YQY
eF n=QZ :6K^ G :C[B [G G&OJ <%K : G L%H;%pJ G :m` [GUOJ <%: G LQ;%p G :C
eu\
eu_ Z ay [G&OJ <%=^{n6=Q:^ G :/B [Z ^%= O Y G K :=L ZbH <Cy{oRR [G ^%= O B(p G : O ;^ GS[ ;P
ed
eue K :M: ;; `Xn6=%:6^ :/Bn:;%<:=b>yE{ RRtL =b>=M;> ; ; a=QVS=t= Y ^
eug K G N K [ I%J6G H6 Z G
eh L&= L yr9=Q:6^ 6%QvL n ; {
eui K N G G K6Z HzG
euk &6^ KG >B G ::/Bn: ZbHK Y H y G Br< GQKQG ^^%=Q< G y{{
guq
gF a ZbH =YY&c
gu\ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/B K ; j6G&H ^Q; J :L G Ba6; JH[ G v%::;%:Cy{cf
gu_ l v L%=YT::;%:6^Pa; l&{
gd %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H yrn6=Q:6^ G :/BLQ;G HK Z 96=Q:6^ G ::;%:f JH[
gue lo% HK =L K6Z LT::;%:^Ta; JH[ l%{
gug
gh
gui RRPp : a L%=c^ n; >n: > :M= :p;%: ^ L%=
guk aZ yn6G =%:6Z ^ GZ :/B K ; j6G G&H [^Q;GcJ :Z L G BaZ ; JZ H[ G vQ ::;%:G yE{ ZbHK%K6Z
hq fTn=Q:6^ G :CBLQ; HK 9=Q:6^ G ::;%:
``Ss Pn: ZbHK K : GG {
hF
h\ 9: : n: ` S9: : yE{
h_ n: KZ?HB|nK : ZbHGQKG 6;; KK yu:;H6; KG { ZbHK RRAGGL N =b>=o> K ; [ ;Tn=Q:= Z >n: Z > Z : :p;%: G
hrd
he
hg RR>= ZbH
huh
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D'Q X DbQ
i i
"Iq àà BZ)*à@*<a
f 7U.W<M'+W<>e:U7<e RW<+7US>T 5 zg$.'S>T 5 ;781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+Vkg$ E :8+W ;$'1+7 E E

M.:G>7GeL:G'1 E C[ E Wi EFE 'W<M' E ;$+MK EFE >7GKW 'eM'R'7>V%7Ub>; 5 t+7US+T 5 5 W 5 e%RW)>787
5 R+g ''7>VRW W<]+: 5 ; 5 +W+;}RWi; E +M' EGE E 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G E 5E e E ;7G1 5 78 m
78K7(RWi ,He'>z+M' EGE 3<;$+e%:87 5 ;$ E :8z.eLM'R.7JW<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R<>H:UW 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5
RWe<7GNM'._NW Ea5 L>78S E ;$ E v; EaE5 7GJ EGE eC
7H
7G'W<+'780]V E +W; 1 ';V Wi E +M'+e%:GV% 5 E W<e%:G]+W M 5EG5 3;)7 5 78W<S+T 5
5 78'+e%:8;0 5 $v*: 5E C f[5 7G]>W}V+R E 0RW++7G: 5 :G7Ue E : 5 78e 5 Y%Re; 5 :G>W 5E Y%RbM.:G>787 5 R
5 7G78''76e 5%EGE 0.W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 V 5 E E :8) E :80 E M'9;3 5 7^;.1+7 E5%E 78Y%R'1 5%E ;$. +78+ep
?QDXD
:G E Cb E +Re;VPt E 7J;$<;$ E +M'+%e%:GVt;.W<'e%R 5 E 5 7US 5 7GNYR+78'; 5 7UiWie%:8+78W 5%E
&<:?A o ? o DXD
e 5%EGE .W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 C# EGE .W}V[1W 5E +7GK7RWi+M' EGE ;$+e%:G7 5 ; 5 5 :G
?DXD N/?& ?
V>YR`]`7G E 5 e E I1>M 5 7kg$..7@J7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+C= E M'.e9 E q qo(; 5
7 5 78W<bq$C."`]+7GK; 5 RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 U9Wi; 55 W<]: 5 ; 5
EGE e; 5 p E 5 W 5 78RW<>e: 5i5 e78._3;#781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+V78: 5 78e; 5 t+M 5 m CP= 5 :8
Y%RJ E8E 5 t+7US>T 5)E < 5 ;+7U E +7a78>M''_>; E 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$J+787 5%E >e 5 e%:G7U; 5%E e E ep
M' E E M']g$K+) E 'e%:8:8'>0 5 7`_+>7 5 C
= E 78Ig 'Wi EFE NS E V$W 5E :G7U78+W 5E 5 W 5 <+M' EGE ?QDXD ]J'W<M.>W<+e%:8;C
7.1.1 Numerao dos ns

+M' EGE ?QDXD ]b;$ e';#;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 L 5 :G &<?A o ? o DXD V 5 W E MK E8E E Y%R
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>W 5E e E ;#781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+C f 78.W<+'7UW<+e%:GVL>M'#]378 E 5 e E I1+My 5 7 e%Rp
W<+7U7+;,RW; 5E e E ;781 5 78C f 78 EGEG5 V E T 5 ;$ e'; 5E ;+e%:G7 5 ;$>M'W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
C'A6D o CE HD VNRW C'A6 H< HD VN

E t> . 5E 78iM''>7^ EGE 5 t+7US>T 5 #+;):G' 5 ;$3e;i781 5 7GC fZ5 7 g$+W<M 5 V:G+p
W 5E RWW)]+: 5 ; 5 L7UJe%RW)>787dRW 7U EGE 'W
5 7^;$Ke%:GC
E :G78R$:GR78<;<MK E8E ( 5 ;$ E +7a7G>78 E +e%:8;0 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78W<<q C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>='CB

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X9: :
e JO Z ZbHK GG
g
h ZbHKPjQj
i n Y LT9: : yE{
k JO Z ZbHK GG
Frq `mD RR ZbHZ L Z =Y Z V=
LQ; HK = [ ;%: [GoH x^
FuF jj
Fr\
Fr_
F|d n Y LPp; n: 6;; yr ^ ; v{
Fre JO Z Z&[ ZbHK K Z K [G
Frg
Fh Z a-&6^ y vS>`QB`; HJ BnY:YM{ Y y?lEU>n !Û = L : B(6; < ; n: l&{
Fri KG JK ZbHK H K HK KZ K GG K%NZbH K O6G Z?HKGQ[
Frk G Y^ G
\uq
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"qo
!"N%q
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "qo
\F HnJ: > OG :YQ=YQ=^QÛ^Û GLQYUL%Y& Z^ ^ K 6; ; [G yuvyv{{

\u\ ZbHK G Z K [G
\u_ %^ >Bu; B|n: Y yE{
\d KG JK ZbHK H
\ue
\ug
\h y{z}|~&0z}
\ui
\uk y{z}|~&0
_uq
_F

178'I1+M ] 5 5 e%:U; 5 7); 55 $v*: 5 A: ? DXD
VkY%R};$'_}Y%RM`] 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ; 5
N/ ?& ?
78Ig$.W 5 e) E +7Fe%RW)>78; 5 Cd 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7@;3+M' EGE E 'W)M. E W<+e%:8'e'+'M.'_>b E8E 1IM 5 7
+W"C@W<]: 5 ; 5 78>>L^ 5 W 5 78W<:G7 5J5 eb7U'_^;b7G1 5 78a^.eLRW0L+p E
>BXD C
A D o C c ?& HD N/ ? C'A D o C c ?& H7D
;$<U9Wi7 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R)1IT 5 e RW<>787 )g$'.7 5%E e E ;z7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+VBY%R E T 5
C-? E8E }W<]: 5 ; 5 ]U9W<; 5
t+M 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7a78)+g NR$:U7`)g$''S>T 5 ;<781 5 7GV% 5 W 5 1 .W 5E e 5 7 5 7UWi)q$C."C
W<]: 5 ; 5 YR@e RW<+7U`RW\;$+:G+78W<.eL; 5 :8. 5 ;deeLT 5 78>+ E `;$ E >W)t+e97W3R.:8 E

:87G+ E CZ?dM.b;+1L>e E

:G78.R.7^ 5 eiYRM.9( 5 B E8E ; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5)5 1IM 5 7`;)1I7GKI1>M m

'e+7G>W)>e%:87 em
U9LWi7 5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E 7U3e RW<>78S+T 5 V E8E e; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5)5EF M'9 5%E ; 5 e
Y%RM'9J 5 y E8E ; 5 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5 C
XH =D:DACE HD
>B=D
f 7U 5 ;+7#:87G'R'7)RW e W<+7 5 5 eLVd1W 5E W 5 ;$ +7<MK E8E V
'eM'R'e; 5 RWiie 5 1)178'I1+M 78<78Wi_>+e7F EGE <'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 C@ e 5 1Ii+M' EGE
]JW 5E :G7U;0e 5 7 5 78W<<q C /C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>='CBu@

\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d = ^ :=L n Y LALQY%=^^P :=YU6;
e n O KY LPK; JQO nZ ;^ ; GUH6G [G
g n JO Y Z L j6GUH > :ZUK6 Z H
h JO Z ZbHKPHQJ O6G
i n Y Lt :=Y&6; yu; v{
k JO Z G&H6G [G j6G&H
Frq n;^ ; `PvC
FuF Z&K6Z H
Fr\ HJ > O6G :A`ts
Fr_
F|d
Fre
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"q
!"N
i i
"Iq àà BZ)*à@*<a
C'A H<6 HD C

X>BXD
dW 5E : 5 Wi7k 5 W 5 g$+W<M 5J5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%Rae%RW)>78(RWe; 5 :G' 5
>B=D C'A6 H< H7D

EG5 Rp E 0 5 W 5 L;$7UT 5 .e+M.R.7 5 78 g 5 Wi E(5 :8. 5 ; 5 ez78;$>e 5 W<'e7 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 $:G>e; 5 p E V e E8E b+ EG5 V Cy?dM'] E 'W<M' E W)>e%:Gb;$ eK; 5
5 W 5 W 5%E :878 5 7 5 7UWi)q$C LC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G :YQ=^QÛ6; [ %6; [G 9yu:;%YQ<=:^=?^b>6= ; [ 'CQB ; [G v{
\
_ Z a-y vS`Q` HJ YYM{: GQK&J : H
d v/B >HJ > O6:G:MYQ=`^Ûjj LQfQY&f ^ 6; yuv/BL%Y ^ {
e HJ > O6G :Q=Q:Q L%GY& ^ Z 6K; [yv/G BpY ^ Z {K
g HJ > O6G :; ^ G : L Z K LQY&[G ^ 6; Z yuKv/BL Y ^ {
h HJ O6G H K J K G Z K [G K Z K
i HJ > O6G : GQK%N ; [ G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/B >Y Z ^ K {
k
|CXC
P2
l eKKM'W)>e%:GV1+78 + E 5 1M 5 7 EGE ; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 eT 5 ] C l EGEG5 ])e+p
|C=C
EGE 78 5 V[ 5 E M'Re E e E 5%EGE R>W M.9 5%E Y%Rz 5 ;$>W 5 R,eT 5 7GN>7>C Re; 5 eLT 5
L78>>W}V E +R1M 5 7#] C f 7U+1 H:U78W 5E 1+78 >S>T 5 7U: 5 ;U9Wi;,;$
W<]: 5 ; 5 +.:8L7U 5E e EJ M'9 5%E VZe E 'eM'R W 5%E e 5 .e 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 VZ EGE 'W U9p
Wi; E >W)7G ]^ +.:837U 5%E e Ek M'9 5%E C m +M' E eT 5 +g$ E :G'7G>W}V 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5)E 'W<M. E W<>e:8
78: 5 7GeLV E >We;0_+>7>C
>BXD
(
?dW E >RK;V+M'#:G78'Rk78}178'I1+M ; 5}5 $v*+: 5 Y%R< 5 dL E8E ; 5 5 W 5
78RW)>e%: 5J5 1M 5 7@; ^'e78+W<>e:U C[?dW E +R';VU9W<JL7U+;JRW ; 5EdE +R E
M'9 5Ea5%E W<]: 5 ; 5%E 7G E t>:G'1 5%E Y%RJ_+>W)e%RW)>78S+T 5 C
XH
A>BXD C'A H< HD o C? 5 7G78 E 5 e;$
= 5 :GY%R W0R.:8 E 1+_+ EF5E6 M'9 5E ;$(RWe)eT 5 5E8E R+W e W<+7 5E 5 e E NR$:8.1 5E C[= 5
5 M'9 5 |CQ?E v

+ E5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Vt 5 70g$+W<M 5 V 5& M.9 5
J
0 E R781 5 7Gb;$, o C ? 5%EGE R J e E
7U'_;$RWi E R7G1 5 78Y%R E +7U-: 5 ;,e RW<>78;e%:G E Y%R
278>++t e=HW)>7 5
5%E e E ; 5 :G' 5A D V+e%:UT 5<5< M'9 5 E|C ? 78>++t
e RW<+7U; 5 C m 5 e 5
E +78+We RW<>78; 5E
N
+gM'R.eL; 5 p E
5 XH
e W<+7 5
N +J +1
C
A>BXD C
A H<6 H7D
=T 5 1IW 5E W 5E :G7U7YR 5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E 7Uz: 5 ; 5EJ5%E :G' 5E ;$e E V 5 EbE T 5 : 5 ; 5%E
W3RH: 5E 'W<M. E iW0RH: 5 78>+'; 5E 5 W 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R#;$ E +7G+p
?U HD C
1>W 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GC dW 5%E L>e E 5 W<+e%:87 M.Re E + EG5E E t>K E Cb7G'W<+'7 5 ]
78 +78+e%:8J 5E e E ; 5 :G' 5
465 W 5 v E t+W 5%E VRW ?U HD&E >7G1J7Ui7GRL7^;$'1>7 EG5E e E ; 5 W< E W 5 :G' 5
?& HD
e} 5 7GWi;RWiM' E :8C& E8E .W}Vk 5 1 E .:87GW 5%E RWe&;$ EGE i:8. 5 VdY%R>7G>W 5%E V[e1+7Gp
;;$V 1 E .:87F+;b>M.>W)>e%: 5 YR 5 W< JbM' E :8Cd W<]+: 5 ; 5 YRe RW<+7UbRW
;$>1+78KV +e%:8T 5 V EGE +W<+M'97p E ( 5 W 5 7 5 7UWi)q$C oC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G :Q Z ^ K 6; [G yr Z ^ K 9:; ;%[<G :=?v>{ ='CB
\
_ Q
R Z aR y>vA:`Q=t` Hv/J B YQYc; {o: GQK&J : H
d HJ G H [G
e HQJ > O6G :% Z ^ K ; [G yuvCB H6G v K {
g
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"qq-
!"N
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "qq
HD 78Y%R 5%EGE W 5E U9Wi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 7G78: 5 7U E8E i:G' 5 ;$eC?eLT 5
M.>H: 5 7^ 5 ;$L>78++t+7 5 7 5 M'+Wi)e<M.'e9#C f 7GN E W 5%EÈ L>7Y%RM] 5 :G' 5 ;$
;'e:Uz 5 e E :G78R'7GW 5%E RWiW<]: 5 ; 5t>B=DXDDAMCE HD YR)+.:Gi 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5

RW XD DAMCE HD V 5 R E vV^Y%RMKY%R+7:G' 5 ;$eLV^ 5 7UYR&;$+e%:87 5 ; E8E W<]+: 5 ; 5 eLT 5
E t+7 W 5%E 5 W 5 5 e:8.e R7`<e%RW)>787 5E e EF M.9 5E C
&? HD
fZ5 73 E8E5 V78>+ E W 5%E :G>73RWW<]: 5 ; 5 7Ue RW<+7U70+;:G' 5 ;$#M' E :8-YR# 5%EGE
C'A6D o CE HD C` E8E .W}VBU9W<W 5E L7U# E8E " c?& HD&5 W<]+p
L78>>7ae)e 5E8E <7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C f[5 7`g$+W<M 5 V 5 e)7U'_;i781 5 7G ]RW

: 5 ; 5>BXD C'AD o C b ? HXD V8W 5E :G7U; 5 E +R.7NV>e 5 7 5 7UWi^q C C 465 W 5Ê L>W 5%E
Rv 5E +M'+W<+e%: 5E(E T 5
Y%R E +R E +M'+W<+e%: 5%EÊ T 5#E +W<78 C'AMD o CE HD V 5 ;$+W 5E U9Wi7 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 5 787G+: 5
78-e RW<+7UprM 5%E V@Y%R] 5m>BX D C
AD o CE HD CdM'e 5 :87#Y%R 5- M.9 5 HD ;
MK E8E ?& H7D 5 y;$>+M'78; 5 5 W 5XX D D AMCE HD V 5 7F E8E5 V 7GN E W 5E R$:8.M''_>7FRW
5 t+7U; 5 7a;$, 5 U9W<7GW 5%E8>BX D C'A D o C HXD eL0M''e9iC
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G :YQ=^QÛ G LQYU Z ^ K 9:; ;%[<G :y=? >Z =^ K 'C6;Bu [G v{
\
_
d v/Z aB yuvA> `` :MHQJ` YY6{ofQf: GQ K%J : H
e HJ O6G jj
g HJ >> O6G ::YQYQ==^^ÛÛ G LQLQY&Y&6 ; [^ G 6y; yYQ=yuv/^ÛB G vLQY&{; [G {Mv/B H ; [G {
h HJ O6G G Z K [G HG K
i
?& HD >BXD C'AD o C c?& HXD M' E :8b;C C'A6D o CE HD V
f 7U 5 e 5E8E5 m V[:G>W 5%E0E :8#:8. 5E ;$ E :8.e%: 5E ;$M' E :8 E Vd 5 7G:8e%: 5 V E +:GzW)]+: 5 ; 5%E
>BXD x'AD o C c?U HXD M' E :8`;$ x

A6D o CE HD V >BXD x'A6 ?& H7D M. E :U`;$ x'A6 HD
78Je RW<+7U7 5E
>BXD ? o U? MD o C ?U HD M' E :8;$ ? o ?UD o CE HXD V >BXDDX? HQMD o C!
V
c?& HD M' E :8;$ D7? HQD o C HD V >BXD=;:?A?=D >D? ?b HD M' E :Uz;$ ?A?=DK
>D:?& HD w >BXD 6 N/D ?U H7D M' E :U); N/D% HD C
^W 5 R:G7 5 5 e%: 5 5 W 5 Y%RMt;$+1+W 5E :8+7FRK;; 5bE T 5 Y%R+M' E e E Y%R`:+ I W 5 W 5J p
M'9 5 M'RW e^; 5 :8. 5/;:?A?=D> D :&? HD C f[5 7Bg$>W)M 5 V+78Fe RW<+7U7yRW D7Q? H H< H7D V
:G>W 5Ea5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi)q$Cq$C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G : GQK%N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [9G :y ;%<GQ:K%=?N >; =[ 6'C; [B(' Q; [G v{
\
_ Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
d v/B >HJ > O6:QG :M=Q:Q` jL%jY&fQf^ 6; yv/B|n6=Q:=b>{
e HJ > O6G : = G > Z 6K; [yuv/G B^ = {
g HJ O6G K KG G&HK [G K K
h
?dM')U9Wi >BXDX ;?A?=D>D ?U H7D 78#e%RW)>787#L7G:G3;z781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+# 5 7Gp
78 E 5 e;$+e%:8( 5 E 6 5 Wie; 5 E 6; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Cks EF5 Y%RJ;$+1 _+>7F EGE (W)]+: 5 ; 5 465 W 5
5 7N b?A? eLT 5
1 .W 5%E V;+1<e RW<+7U7 5 eY%R<M.90 5 d EGE ; 5 5 W 5 78W<:G7 5 V>e:UT 5 VU9Wi7 5%E
W<]: 5 ; 5E 78Je RW<>787G>W 5E@E >R EZ M'9 5E C fZ5 78]+W}V 5 e0YR^] 5 e%:U; 5
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"q
!"N
i i
"Iq àà BZ)*à@*<a
;:?A?=D >D?& HD VL

>B=DX;:?A?=D>D:?& H7D
]#78>M.W<+e%:8iRW 5 E EGE }]#RWi+M' EGE # E :878:8Cz?+;}RWi; E
E R EkE RPMK E8E E 5%EGE R M'9 5E ;H >7G>e:8 E V 5 Y%Ra_` 5 WY%R eLT 5
5E8E 3_>+7îU9W<;) 5 7878:8078 5EF M'9 5%E ; 5 e#Y%R( 5 B EGE ; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 V
)eT 5iE +7^Y%RJ 5E8E <;$ E 5 78.7`Y%RMy] 5 :8. 5 7GNMB;$ EGE JeC
Y%RF_>+W 5E V>e:UT 5 V]^78'7RW >BXDX;?A?=D>D?& H7D Y%R E 'W<M. E W<>e:8Ù9Wi
5 R:G7 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E E t> H 5E V;$>L>e;$>e; 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ; 5 eY%RM'9b]bL E8E ; 5 5 W 5 7GR$p
W<+e%: 5 CZO 5 Y%RJ]e 5%E W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78W<<q C C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G : K = KG > G&HK 6; [G 9y: ;%K <= :K=?G >> = G&H'CK Bu ; [G v{
\
_ Z a-> yuv :%Zb6H Y^ K;=L H 6L G; ;%aSyc6Yy6;LYQj;6L ; [6G; { {Xv{
d HQJ O6G j [G j [G
e G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS=Q:% LQY&; {
g Z > :%ZbH =Q:QK H LQY&G 6; y
yrG =Q:Q [LQGY&6; {Tv{
h HQJ O6G G [G G [G
i G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aA : 6; {
k Z > :QZbH :K H 6G; ycK yu ZbO: [6G; {Xv{
Frq HQJ O6G K ZbO [G K ZbO [G
FuF G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%a
&aQ; {
Fr\ Z > :ZbH&aQ6K ; H G yMy&aQ6; [G{Xv{
Fr_ HQJ O6G [G [G
F|d G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aA;%:%6; {
Fre Z > :QZbH;%:QK 6H; G yMyu;%:%6; [G {Xv{
Frg HQJ O6G [G [G
Fh G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS9: 6; {
Fri Z > :%Zb9H : K H 6G; ycy9Z?H: K [6G; {Xv{
Frk HQJ O6G ZbHK [G ZbHK [G
\uq G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS6;Un6; {
\F Z > :%Zb6H ;UnK 6H; G yMy6;Un6; [G {Xv{
\u\ HQJ O6G [G [G
\u_ G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS = 6; {
\d Z > :%ZbH K= H; G yMyG [= 6[; G {Tv{
\ue HQJ O6G G [ [G G [ [G
\ug G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS : 6; {
\h Z > :%ZbH K H: 6G ; y
GQK&yJ H : [6G ; {Tv{
\ui HQJ O6G GQK%J H [G GQK%J H [G
\uk G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%ac n :Q6; {
_uq Z > :ZbH nK H:%6G; ycJ y G n :Q[6G; {Xv{
_F HQJ O6G J G [G J G [G
_u\ G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS: = 6; {
_u_ Z > :%ZbH : K = H 6G; ycyG : j = [6G; {Xv{
_d HQJ O6G G j [G G j [G
_ue
>BXD HD
o HD
?,7U(+;:8. 5 E t> . 5 ;^ 5 Wie; 5 V:G+W 5%E RWW<]: 5 ; 5 5 W 5(5 V
Y%RJe RW<+7U0RWei; 5 :8. 5 f 7 5 7UWiiq C C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D' cX D D
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "q
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G :6&aQ6; [G y&a%6; [G 9:v;%{ <:=?>='CB
\
d v/B >HJ > O6:QG v%:Mn:` jj; fQfyu vCB v%n:{
e HJ > O6G : = G > [G 6; G yuv/B^ = D%{
g HJ > O6G : K = KG > G&HK 6; [G yuv/B^ K = K {
h HJ O6G K KG G&HK [G K K
i
;:?A?=D >D?& HD5 5 7G78&:UW0L]>W 5 W 5
NCD% H7D N/D% HD 5 ;$+W}VFe7GNM'';;$Vd:G>7#;$.p
W< E W 5 7 5 M'+WiY%R 5 5 787G 5 W 5
I
1>7 EG5E :8. 5E ;$ M.9 5E V% 5 W 5@HH HD V QcA6=
< HDi5 R ? o6 ?A?& H7D V> 5 7@g$>W)M 5 C
C= E Y%R: >W 5 W 5& M'9 5 RW
E8E .W}V$:U E e E _+>WRWi#U9LWi;) >BX D 6 N/%D HD Y%Rb;+11+78 +7`Y%RMB] 5

W 5E :G7U >BXD6 N/cD% HD C
:G' 5 7GNM@; 5 eU9Wi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$NY%R; 5 C D +W 5E V[+e%:8T 5 V 5 7 5 7UWiq C'"> }Y%R
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G :Qv%n: G 6; [G yv%n9: :G ;%6<; :[=?G>=v{'CBEDbs
\
_ Z a-> yuv :%ZbH ^ 6K = H L G ;%L aS; G y
OQyG L K66 ; [G {L 6; {Tv{
d HQJ O6G G O6QG K [G G OQG K [G
e G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS ::=Q%6; {
g Z > :%ZbH K H:Q:=QG Q6; G ycy Q:[:G=QQ; {Pv{
h HQJ O6G G [G G [G
i G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS Y%= ; =Y&6; {
k Z > :%ZbH KYQ= H G; =YU6;G K6y
Z yH Y%= [G; =Y&6; {Tv{
Frq HQJ O6G G KZ H [G G K6Z H [G
FuF G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aA 6; {
Fr\ Z > :QZbH K 6H; G yMyu [[ 6; [G {Xv{
Fr_ HQJ O6G [[ [G [[ [G
F|d G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%a Y 6; {
Fre Z > :ZbH KY H; G yMQy J KY 6[; G {Tv{
Frg HQJ O6G QJ K [G QJ K [G
Fh G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%at =%:Q6; {
Fri Z > :&ZbH K=Q:H%6;G ycH yr =Q:Q[6G; {Xv{
Frk HQJ O6G H [G H [G
\uq G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aM=YQY&6; {
\F Z > :ZbH=KYY&H; G yMy=YY&6[; G {Tv{
\u\ HQJ O6G [G [G
\u_ G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%a
; ^ 6; {
\d Z > :ZbH K H; G^ 6; HK ycyH K ; [G^ ; {Pv{
\ue HQJ O6G HK H K [G HK H K [G
\ug G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%ac : <; ^ 6; {
\h Z > :ZbH :K H <G ; ^ 6K ; ZbH ymyH K: [<G; ^ ; {Pv{
\ui HQJ O6G K ZbH H K [G K ZbH H K [G
\uk G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS YQYQ; ^ 6; {
_uq Z > :%ZbH KYYQH; G ^ ; J y
yH KYY%[; G ^ 6; {Tv{
_F HQJ O6G J H K [G J H K [G
_u\ G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%a
vQ6; {
_u_ Z > :ZbH K Hv%6G; ycHy[ G vQ[6G; {Xv{
_d HQJ O6G H[G [G H[G [G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!"N
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
_ue G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS6; 6; {

_ug Z > :%Zb6H ; K 6H; G yMy6; K 6; [G {Xv{
_h HQJ O6G K [G K [G
_ui G a-Y^ G yuv ^ = L ;%aS=Q:%6; {
_uk Z > :%ZbH =Q:QK 6H; G yMy=Q:%6; [G {Xv{
dq HQJ O6G [G [G
dF
HMH H7D
?:G>W 5%E VF78+;-:G' 5 ;$+g$7G EGE T 5 V 5,E >RW<]+: 5 ; 5 78-e RW<+7US+T 5 V@ 5 W 55
7 5 78W<<q C'""(7U 5 C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[THJ > O6G : [[ ; [G yu [[ 6; 9[:G ;%<v:{=?>='CBEDD
\
_ v/Z a-B yu>vA`:M` H` J YY6fQ{f: GQK%J : H
d HJ O6G jj
e HJ >> O6G :Q:Qv%v%nn:: G ;; [G yuyuvCvCBB G v%v%nn:: DQ{{
g HJ O6G G [G G
h
= E NS+T 5 q$C."C `1+78+W 5%E E +Re;`7:86; 5 7 5 + E8E5 ;$6g$''S>T 5 ;^781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+V
Y%R E T 5<5E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%RJW 5E :G7UW>;)RW; 5E e E C
7.1.2 Exibio dos ns

f 7UJg$''S>T 5 ; 5%E e E ;b7G1 5 78VM.K+p E ^Y%R E a:GRL; 5 Y%R 5 W<+e%:8W 5E >W78+MKS>T 5
E RJe RW<+7US+T 5 C f 78>; :G' 5 ;$êLV:8+W 5E RWV 5 R<>W M.Re E > EG5E VM'Re E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
Y%R):G7U:UW ;$ EGE 0:G' 5 ;$<eLCi ;$H >7G>eS+78 E ';0e E S E YR E T 5 : 5 Wi; E C<=^ EGE
C'A6 H< HD C

+ E5 V[Y%R>7G>W 5E W 5E :G7U7bY%RM@] 5 :G' 5 ;$e&Y%R E3E T 55%EbE >R E M.9 5%E CdW 5E 1+7NV
5 W 5 +g$+W<M 5 V$e 5 7 5 78W<<q C'"NV 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R(:G7U:8<;$RW h
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ n: ZbHK YQ=^^b6; [ Q; [G 9y:YQ;%=<^:Û=?>; =[ Q'C6BE; D [ G v{
\
d %%^^ KG >>BuBu;; JK B|B|nn:: ZbHK Y yHv/yEB { > :fml YQ=^Û6; Q6; ``Q` lf
e KG yuv/BJLQKY ^ ZbH`QK` HYQJ YO6
G l YYl : [<CBp=[Y G %aCyuvC} BLQY ^ B > :{{
g fmltlZ f K HJ HJ K ZbH JG Z K HJ O6G
h yuv/BrpY Z ^ K `Q` HJ YQY
l HJ YYl K : ZbH <CBp=Y JG %aCyuvCBpY Z ^ K B HJ > O6G :{{
i m
f ltlf
k yuv/BL K Y Z ^ K `` HJ YQY
l HQJ YYl K : ZbH </Bp=Y J6G %aCyv/BL K Y Z ^ K B HQJ > O6G :{Q{
Frq fmltlf
FuF yuv/B >Y Z ^ K `Q` HJ YQY
l HJ YYl K : ZbH <CBp=Y JG %aCyuvCB >Y Z ^ K B HJ > O6G :{{{
Fr\
Fr_ n: Y%=^Û LQY& ^ 6; yuv/BLQY ^ {
F|d n: ZbHK =%:Q LQGYU ^ Z K; [yuvCG BpY ^ Z {K
Fre n: ZbHK ; ^ G : L Z K L%Y&[G ^ 6; Z yKv/BL Y ^ {
Frg ZbHK H K J K G Z K [G K Z K
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N"
!"N/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N"
Fh n : bZ HKQG%K%N ; [ G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/B >Y Z ^ K {

Fri
"o C'AB H< HD C
? E8E W<]: 5 ; 5 g$'Le E ;pr;$7UT 5 RW<&W<+e E +W.eL;$'>e; 5 Y%RM6] 5 :8. 5 ; 5
eLVê 5 + EG5 V ?dW E >RK;V^W 5E :G7UY%RM(] 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$+;,RW
; 5%E(E +R E Y%R:G7 5 e E^ M.9 5%E VP: 5 WieL; 5 +RK;; 5 5 W Y%R>M. E Y%R) 5 ;$>W 5 R-eT 5 L78p
C'A6 H< HD V%:8+W

>7>C m 5 M'978W 5E 7UWi:8'>ie 5 7UYR.1 5 C v vVy1+78+W 5E YR0 5 78'7p E RWez; 5 :G' 5

|CXC
5E : 5 ; 5%E5%E E +R E M.9 5%E 5 W 55 t+ 5 e E C fZ5 7 EGEG5 VP78z+;iRW
;$>M. E Vt;$+1+W 5E Ve%:G E VL1>7G +7 E b] 5 ReT 5 C m J 5 7NV>e%:8T 5 V E 78+1+W 5E e RM.MHe
E ;Vt+ EG5 5 e%:G7U78 5 E +7G>1+W 5%Ea5 XH
e W<+7 5 ; 5 e M'9 5 C + 5 E ;$b E 78+1+7 5 :G' 5 ; 5
ez3e W<+7 5XH ; 5%E` M'9 5E V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 U9W< 5E 5 R$:87 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E VL78 E 5 e E I1+ E 5 7:G7U:87
; 5%E e EF M'9 5%E C
J
?U HD V N/D% HD
E8E 'W}V eT 5 :8+W 5E W3R.: 5 W< E b+7G E ++e%:87 ;$ E +7GKS+T 5 ; 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E Y%R^+g 't+W
;:?A?=D>D:?& HD Y%R _+>W 5E e E >S>T 5 q C'"C'"C 465 e%:8R; 5 V E +78K0'e%:G>7G EGE e%:G(78 E8E MH:U7 5
781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+C m T 5 1M''; 5%EB5%E 5 W)>e%:878 5EBEG5 78 5E e E ; 5 :8. 5
;; 5/J YR+M' E e E Y%R` 5E8E R>W M'9 5%E ; 5 :8. 5o 6 D C 465 W 5 EGE E e EZ M'9 5%E

:G7U:UW<+e%: 5
eT 5 5%EGE R+We RW<+7US+T 5 VFg$'.W 5%E ;$'7G+:8W<>e:8 E >R 5 e%:8
H; 5 V 5 R E vV 5 5 e%:G'H; 5
; E RL178'I1+M >MA MD Y%RW 5E :G7U&Y%RMF 5 5E W3 5 M 5 5 e E RW<K; 5 eL+e%:878;}Y%R
5 78''e 5 R 5 : 5 >eBC fZ5 7i+g$+W<M 5 Vd78 5 e C' A MD o CE HD VB:8+7 W 5E05 W<]: 5 ; 5 ; 5
7 5 78W<<q C'">/C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ n: ZbHK YQ=^^b G LQY&; [G 9y:YQ;%=<^:Û=? >G = LQY&'C6BE; Db[@ G v{
\
d %%^^ KG >>BuBu;; JK B|B|nn:: ZbHK Y yHv/yEB { > :fml YQ=^Û L%Y&6; ``Q` lf
e KG JKv/B =b>ZbHK B >=%H< J O6fmG ltlf G [G }
g H G Z G
yv/B^ J n G : H =b> G `` HJ YQYml HJ YYl v/B^ J n G : H =b> G B Z >=%< G {Af
lSlf
h yv/B O ; [ A`` HJ YY
l HJ YYl K : ZbH </Bp=Y J6G %aCyv/B O ; [ /B HJ > O6G :{{{
i
k
Frq n: ZbHK Y%=^Û6; [ Q6; [G yuv/B O ; [ {
FuF
- D
? E8E bW<]+: 5 ; 5 +g 't 5 :G' 5 V 5 eVL3M 5 5 >W E >RK;Vg$.t 5 1M 5 7; 5E +R78'W)>.7 5
M'9 5 VdY%R]RW e-; 5 :G' 5 Z)[^f_eZ bf:^_e&M.'e9-
C? E8E 1M 5 7NVd;; 5 5 7
E <M''>z 5E +Re; 5z M'9 5 V 5 e%:8; 5 t+MK1I7GKI1>M NDcA'>D iY%Ri 5 7G78 E 5 e;$) 5
5 7G78 E 5 e;$# 5 e 5 W);&+M' EGE Y%R 5 a;$>+M'78;e 5 7 5 7UWipX 5 e%:GC l E : 5 :UW3t]+W
e 5 W); E Rt+7UMK E8E J;<MK E8E (;$NMK7U;0bY%RJ 5 ;$ 5 RzeLT 5 E :87`7G E >e%:GC
7.2 Outras operaes

? E :GJ+ :8RM 5 5 ;$ E >7dR$:G'M'._N; 5 5 W 5 RWi3.e%:G7 5 ;$RS>T 5 b;$'1>7 E EZ5 R$:G7U E@5 t+7US>T 5 Y%R
5 ;+W E +7d >H:U EaEG5 7837G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+C[?de%:G78(+MK E 9L33eM' E E >W<e%:GK+ +7US>T 5
;$$;$' 5 VkY%R E >78T 5 :G7U:8; E e 5E 78Ig 'W 5E + :8RM 5%E C-s E VdM']+W ;$ E :U E V[ 5 ;$+W 5%E
.:87dRW 7Ue;Fe W<>7 5XH ;$ 5 L>78S E Y%R` 5 ;$+W E +7d78>M.'_>; E ^Rv.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5
E +R 5 W< E W 5 W 5 ;$>M 5 1 E : 5 e E :Gb+ :GRM 5 C fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }X~ X
}
i i
">% àà BZ)*à@*<a
7 5 7UWi;$F78:G:*pr78.e%:`Y%R 7 5 ;$R_ 5 W 53E ; 5 7 5 78W<p{ 5 e%:GF 5 78Wi:8; 5
;b 5 78; 5 5 WM.RWi E 7G>7U E ;$J'e;$+e%:US+T 5 m
5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ; 5 78 5 ;(L P R$g 5 ;$ 5 e%:G7 5 M'; 5 7 5 7UWiC,? E8E z:8. 5 ;$}7U 5 ]

W0R.: 5 H$:8.MF78}:G'1%K;;$#;$i:8 E :GVZ78'e'M'W<+e%:G#Y%Re; 5 } E :8 E E8E5 +'
'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5<E5 78J)R$:8.M''_>S>T 5 ; E 17GKI1> E m
>MKRM 5 ;< 5 W<M.+g$';;$b; 5 7 5 78W<V$ 5 W 5 eX H W<+7 5 ;$M.'e9 E ;$b+ ;. 5 V 5 W)p
M.+g K;;$bKM 5 Wi:8'>V$ 5 W<M.+g$';;$;$
j M E :GN;z:UC

f 7Ui E :G)+ :8RM 5 V'eM'R W 5E e 5 5 :8 &<?A o ? o D=D #+M' EGE ?cDXD V$Y%Rb 5
7G E >e:U;3e EaE >S E e%:G>7G 5 78 E C? EGE 3e 5 1I<+M' EGE YR+MK E LNYR+e E M.:G+7US E e 5
7UY%R'1 5 C v v^ 5 7UW H E eK+ E W3R;eS> E 78>M.'_>; E e 5
e 5%EGEG5 5 W<.MK; 5 7NC`dW 5E Vt 5 W 5
'M.R E :G7US>T 5 V%W 5%E :8787`RW:87GNU9 5
; E ;07 5 ;$R_>';) 5 W0+g$.KS+T 5 ;i781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+
78 5 7 5 7UWi(++V78 E +e%:U; 5 e 5 + :8RM 5 C
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7 TXd:b[7SKSXd_X_ZXZWiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[XS=d_X_Z

7X \fTbh=_d _di7b\[ } Z ~X=
} U a =b iS ^ \=a7_ h=îXi $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ X= ~ [XhXh
~ U h=^ i=i $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX gb'[7SXd_X_[XchXh
U h=î=i \=a ^ \=a7_XX m-}~:}}:}}}
U a b=iS ^ \=a7_ h=îXi $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ X= [XhXh
U h=î=i $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX a7^S^[XchXhz
eU h=î=i \=a ^ \=a7_XX [XhXh -}
U a b=iS ^ \=a7_ ^&d $ _`&h ^ \=aX_ =X z [=chXh
U ^&d $ _`&h ^ \&a7_X= b[7S
U a b=iS ^ \=a7_ ^&d ^ \&a7_ X= }}X}
} *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X ab^
}X} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d ^ \=a7_ XX }~}
}~ *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X f:_i
} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d ^ \=a7_ XX %} [XchXh
%} *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X ^[\
} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ \[iSXd=:`S $ _`&h ^ \=aX_ =X } :}
} eU \[:iSXd=`S $ _`h ^ \=a=_X= }
} U,_S=Q\=a \=a ^ \&a7_=X [XchXh }
} U h&\` ^ \&a7_XX Q}
} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ S^S_f:_[XS ^ \=a7_ X= ~X~X
~X U S=d:bg ^ \&a7_XX ~}~X~
~:} *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X ab^
~X~ U [XS \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX } =X
~X U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ S^S_f:_[XS ^ \=a7_ X= ~ ~
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ }X X
}
i i
Ou
Z^ +([60/ 1xl 01F
z|{b\l6aN$*0L^[+Z "N/
~ U S=d:bg ^ \&a7_XX ~~

~ U*^d ^ \=a7_=X f:_i
~ eU [XS \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX }
~ U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ S^S_f:_[XS ^ \=a7_ X= ~ [XchXh
~ U S=d:bg ^ \&a7_XX ~X
~ *U ^d ^ \=a7_=X ab^
X U [XS \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX }
:} U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ \[iSXd=:`S $ _`&h ^ \=aX_ =X X~ [XchXh
X~ U \[:iSXd=`S $ _`h ^ \=a=_X= X
X U,_S=Q\=a \=a ^ \&a7_=X
U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ XX
*U ^d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX b[7S
eU a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d ^ \=a7_ XX [XchXh
*U ^d ^ \=a7_=X a
U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ XX z~
*U ^d $ _`&h ^ \=a7_XX b[7S
U a b&iS ^ \=aX_ ^&d ^ \=a7_ XX m M} [XchXh
ZXZXZ
X U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX S
X OU ^ _Y \ g=_`S ^ \&a7_=X gb[7S=d_X_ X
X U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X X [Xch=h
X U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX Y
X U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX =~
U \&d ^ \=aX_XX } 6 X~
M} U SXd:bg ^ \=a7_X= ~
~ U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX b
U [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X=
U _7h=^&S:b\[^7h ^ \=a7_XX
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX b
OU [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X= }
U SXd:bg ^ \=a7_X=
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX b
U aXa ^ \=aX_XX = :}
X U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX b
:} U [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X= }
X~ U h=\` ^ \=a7_X= X
X U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX
U _X^=a ^ \&a7_XX
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX a
OU a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX
U _X^=a ^ \&a7_XX
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX f
U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX ~
U _X^=a ^ \&a7_XX }
} U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX ^
~ U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX =~
U SXd:bg ^ \=a7_X=
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N,
!"N
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX Y
U ^ _Y \ g=_`S ^ \&a7_=X a7^&S^
OU a b=i S ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX a
U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X X
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX f
X U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X :} [Xch=h
:} U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX ^
X~ U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX X [XhXh
X U ^ \=a7_=X X [XhXh
U _7h=^&S:b\[^7h ^ \=a7_XX X
U ^7hXh ^ \&a7_XX b[:i_&d=S
OU 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX S
U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X [Xch=h
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX Y
U [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X=
X U d:b[7S ^ \=a7_X= :}
:} U SXd:b[7 \[:iS ^ \=a7_XX h=_f:_[7S\X^_ b=iS_ # [
X~ U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX X
X U SXd:bg ^ \=a7_X=
U 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX b
U ^7hXh ^ \&a7_XX SXd_X_TXd:b[7S
OU 7^&d ^ \=aX_XX S
U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ T7d_ ^ \&a7_ =X [Xch=h
U [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X=
U a b=iS ^ \&a7_ S7^&S_f:_[7S ^ \=aX_ XX X [XhXh
X U _&S=7d=[ ^ \=a7_XX :}
:} U [7S \[iS ^ \=aX_X=
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"No
!"N%q
i i
Captulo 8
Tabela de Smbolos
=^ E :86> :GRM 5 :878:878+W 5%E ;$@RWi^; E Wi E .W< 5 7G:8e:8 E E :87GR:GR7U E 7U`Y%R E @ 5E8E W
78>M''_>7 E 7GIg$'Wi E :U E ;} 5 W<'MKS+T 5 C<? E8E E :87GR$:8R7Uz]#U9LWi;;$<:Ut+MK;$
EG W0 5 M 5%E V1% E : 5
H
Y%Ri78 e 5%E e 5 W) E ; 5%E ;$'1+7 EG5E +M'+W<+e%: 5E R$:8.M''_>; 5E e 5 7 5 7UWip
5 e%:8V 5 W 5 +M' EGE E V 178'I1+ E JW<]: 5 ; 5E C
l eKKM'W)>e%:GV[W 5E :G7U78+W 5E M'Re E g$+W<M 5E ;$# 5 W 5 z:8L>M'; E W3 5 M 5E #H$:8.M
]
ebeM' E E +Wie:8'>ê3>78S+T 5 ;$($;$' 5 V%>W E +RK;V%W 5E :G7U78+W 5E 5 W 5 '7G>W 5%E
'W)M.>W)>e%:87^0:Ut+MK); E W3 5 M 5E 78 5 5 W).MK; 5 7 ++ C
X
8.1 Para que serve

:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5EÈ +781(7U07GWi_++eL7a.e 5 78W<S+T 5)EG5 78J+;0e 5 W<V 5 RK;$>e:8 p
+; 5 7NV R$:G'M'._N; 5 e 5 7 5 78WipX 5 e%:GC E8E 'W}V 5 eM' E 7FRWii;$NMK7US+T 5 ; 5 :8. 5
`&h=îXibdiS`&h=î=i_ S_[acii_`\[ac`h=îXi

ZXZXZ

5 5 W<'M'; 5 7Z;$>1 E +7Z+_F;$F7GN 5 e9>++7Y%R bdiS`&h&îXi@ E :U E +e; 5 ;$NMK7U;^ 5 W 5
RWi<MK E8E Ck E8E 'W}VY%Re; 5 RW< 5 R$:G7U<;$>+M'78S+T 5 5 W 5
bdciS`&h=îXi e
L78>>7>VP>M.< 5 ;+7Uz78> 5 e9> +pXMK 5 W I 5 1M'';VB 5 E cbdiS`h=îXi0]<RW :G' 5 ;$#;; 5
5 e9NK; 5 C
^M']+W;$ EGEG5 VL;$+1+W 5E :UW0L]>W 7GWi_++eL7`M'RWi E .e 5 78W<S E 'W< 5 7:Ue%:G E VL7G>M'p
5 eL; E 5E K;$+e%:G >; 5 7G E C f 7U0>;0:8. 5 ;$';+e%:G +; 5 7NV$ E 'e$ 5 78WiS E E >7G>W
78Wi_>+e; E ;$. +78+W}C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V :G+W 5%E 7U
">o
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ } X
}
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
+M' EGE E e 5 W<V%YRLM] E Rt+7UMK E8E VY%R EdE T 5 E 178'I1+ E ;$ E8E (+M' EGE V%Y%R EdE T 5
E MK E8E E e'e9; E V$Y%R EÈ T 505%E W<]: 5 ; 5%E b 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E m

17GKI1> E e 5 W<V :8. 5 V;.W<+e E T 5 V E E T 5 M 5 + Ea5 ReT 5 m
W<]+: 5 ; 5E ke 5 W)V$7UW<+:G7 5E V%17GKI1> E M 5 > E V :8. 5 ;$J7G+: 5 7Ge 5 C

465 W E8EG5 VLi:8t+MK#;$ E W3 5 M 5E R$g$'M.Ki#eLM' E E >Wie%:GK+i0i>78S+T 5 ;$)$;$' 5

;$b;$'1>7 E E Wie>.7U E C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5
5 ;$>+M'787a<+M' EGE

`&h=îXibdiS`&h&îXi_ S_[aii_`\[7ac`&h=î=i-ZXZXZ
]FeN E8E 78 5Ê t+7 E bdiS`&h&îX@
i 'e;eT 5 5 ;$>+M'78;V E Ni_`\[ac`&h&îXidg$ E :8
E J 5 ;$ 5 RzeLT 5iE >7^;$>+M'78;) 5 W 5iE RL>78+M' EGE m
5 ;$>+M'787a)178KI1+M

bdiSc`&h=îXi e
]eN E8E 78 5&E t+7 E (bdciS`&h=îXi]zRW :8. 5-5 RMK E8E 1M''; 5 E 5 ;$ E >7
;>MK7U;3e EGE J 5 e%: 5 m
5 ;$>+M'787 5 W<]: 5 ; 5

b=idXSc`&h=îXif b[7SO i_`\[ac`h=îXii
]&e>+ E8E 7G 5,E L>7 E bdiS`&h&îXi}]&RW:G' 55 RMK E8E 1IM.K; 5 V E ,f 5 ;$ E >7
;>MK7U; 5 e EGE J 5 e%: 5 E E +R E L7UW<:87 5%EFE T 5 M'+ E m
5 R$:G'M.'_>7 5 5 Wie; 5

b ZGf } g
]7GN E5E t+7 E ]iRW7G7UIV E 5 e;$KR$:G'M.'_>; 5 :G>W 5 :8. 5 E t+7U; 5 V E
MK E8E b;$ 5E8E R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 &f 5 W ; 5 E 78W<:G7 5E VY%RMB] 5 :8. 5 ;$b78: 5 78e 5
; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 - f E 5%E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E R$:8.M'._N; 5%E eL E RU9Wi;# 5 W0.eLW 5 W 5%E
L7UW<:87 5%E ;$NMK7U; 5%E E 5E ; 5 E M'; 5E ;:G78'RKS+T 5 5%EGE R>W 5 W< E W 5 :G' 5
5 R:G' 5%E 5 W<: 1> E C
? E8E EE T 5 L>e E M'Re E ; 5E XH

'e W<+7 5E + E5%E >W Y%R)7GN E W 5E ; E 'e$ 5 78WiS E
;:8t+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C?dMK-R$g$.M'K:8W3t]+W - 5 e%:87 5 M'7 5 E 5 5 ;$R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ; 5%E
K;$+e%:G >; 5 7G E C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V$e 5#E >R'e%:GJ7 5 78W<
`&h=îXi`&h=î=i
`&h=îXi`&h=î=i

b[7Sb
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N%q-
!"N
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "N%q
iSXdb[7f `h=îXi

b X[XchXh

b[XS

`&h=îXi`&h=î=i

1>W 5E Y%Rb+;)';+e%:G +; 5 7a:8+W1IM.K;;$+W+7G: 5%E :G78>U9 5%E ; 5 7 5 78W<VeLT 5 +W
`&h=î=i 5 ;$ E >7R$:G'M'._N;+WY%RMKY%R+7 5 e%: 5 ;+e%:G7 5 ;$
`h=îXi z;+e%:G7 5 ;$`&h&îXi C&&MK E8E `&h&îXi eT 5 5 ;$
5 R:G7 5E C)?@W ++ VZ}MK
E8E
X
E +7#R$:8.M''_>;,;$+e%:G7 5 ;$`&h=îXi Ck178KI1+Mb 5 ;$ E >7iR$:G'M.'_>;;$>e%:G7 5 ;$ `&h&îXi
E 6787GKVZ'eM'R'e; 5 >W
+gM'R.eL; 5 `h=îXi VWi E eT 5 ;+e%:G7 5 ;`&h=îXi C%))1I7GKI1>M ]JM 5 +Myf}y<] M 5 +M
5 5 WieL; 5 bt CZ E8E 'W}V(:Ut+MKb;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ;$+1`L>7GW<.:G'76Y%R E ` 5%EGE E t+7@Y%Re; 5
RW ;$+:G+78W<.eL; 5 ';$>e%:G +; 5 7d] 1M''; 5 V 5 R E *vV Y%ReL; 5 5 ;$ E +76R E ; 5 (YRLe; 5 eT 5 C
= E >S>T 5 C0W 5%E :8787G>W 5E M'Re E E t>: 5%E ;)R$:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ;';$>e%:G +; 5 78 E e<M'.ep
RL>W # 5 W 5 'W)M.>W)>e%:87RW<:Ut+MK};$ E W3 5 M 5E 78 E :8 E _>+7J E8E E 7G+p
Y%R E .: 5%E C
X ++
8.2 A tabela de smbolos para X ++

^W7 5 7UWi-+W ] 5 W< 5E : 5 ;$;$'1>7 E E +M' EGE E C E8E .W}VF1IW 5E 5 W<>S>7i
;$ e'7è 5E8E 3:8L>M'<;$
X ++EG W0 5 M 5%EÈ 'W<M' E W)>e%:G 5 W 5 RWi)M. E :8)+WYRJ>;0+M'+W<>e: 5
]FRWi ;$ EGE E MK E8E E C f 7U 5 7 5 7UWi` E >R'7>VN:8+7 W 5%E M. 5 5 W 5 :8L>M'W 5%E :878;
e R78<C."C
`&h=îXibdiS`&h=î=i

`&h=îXii_`\[ac`&h=îXi

`&h=îXiS=QbdXac`&h=î=i

dW 5E U9W<7 EGE i E :G78R$:8R78;$ ;=<>@?AB:CD C^=T 5 .W< 5 7G:8VP 5 7 +eY%Re: 5 Vy 5 W 5 ]
'W)M.>W)>e%:8;V 5 ;$+e; 5E >7`RWiiM' E :8<M'.%;VRW1: 5 7^ E :U:8' 5 VRWi):Ut+MK<9 E 9 5 R
Y%RMKY%R+7 5 R$:878 E :G78R$:GR7UC l W) 5 7G:8-t+e Eb5 YRz;$>1 5 e%:G>70 5 W 5 ] 5 e E :87GR ;C
f 7U+e%:8+e;$>7GW 5%E 5 W 5 ] +7GK;V] W)>M.9 5 7 5 E +781I7GW 5%E b78+78 E +e%:8S+T 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi
W 5E :G7U;JeL R783C$Ck E8E 'W 5 W 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi(Y%R(g$'L(37G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>V:G+W 5%E
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
0 firstclass
1 secondclass
2 thirdclass
j[.R7U)C." u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$JRWi< E :G78R$:8R78); 5 :8. 5 p;&<>@?ABCD C

RW 7 5 7UWiY%RieM' E 7G1 5 783<1dW 5 e:Ue; 5 z:8L>M'; EG W3 5 M 5E C)? EGE <7 5 p
7UWiV 5 eM' E 7 5 XH
e<e W<+7 5 V;$+1J.e E +78'7FeL3:Ut+MK 5 K;$>e:8 +; 5 7 O LUVL 5
eLM' E 7 5 e0V$;$+1'eM'R'7 1
& V 5 eM' E 7 5 ez"> V ;$>1'e E +78.7 $$
L C
q# s G
q s : r (@36 qs G
qs 3f **6 r * q
s r *: qs : r (@36 q s *(
q s 333 3 r qs : r : q# s : r 63
q# s 3* 3 r q$ s r *:
j'R78<Cu (E^781 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>0L7U) 5 e E :G78RS>T 5 ;):8t+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E C
4 ;#+e%:G7U; 5 R&; E 78H: 5 7;$)MK E8E Iae ;=<>@?A7B:CD ;$>1b 5E8E R.7 5 R$:878 E .e 5 78W1 5E8E R.7NV:UW0L]>WV 'e$ 5 78WiS E
EG5 78 5 'H ;-MK E8E V 5 R E vV E R E 17GKI1> E V[ 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E VW<]: 5 ; 5E MK E8E E
5 e%:G ; 5
e.e9L; E C f 7Ui E8EG5 Vy E8E5 +'W
5%E >;z;$ E 78.: 5 7(;$<MK E8E bRW< 5 R:G7Ui E :G78R$:GR78z; 5
:G' 5;&<>@?ABCD CBdW 5%EÈ R 5 7^YR":
LJ 5E8E J; eK;i; E +R.e%:8(Wie+'78
`&h=îXii_`\[ac`&h=îXi

`&h=îXii_` ~
`&h=îXii_`

b[7Si_`]^&d } i_`]^d ~
bdciS`&h=îXii_`]^&d
S=Qbd7ac`&h=îXi )i_`
f:_&S&Q } '

i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!) "
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "N
;$(:
L<RWiz+M' EGE 0e'e9;
VBe'e9;z E :8VyRWi

4 C^'e;-+W
&z:8+W 5E RWi-178'I1+M@'e%:G>.7U

02RW
D >W 5E ;$+e%:87 5
5 R:G7U&MK E8E
1+: 5 7#;$.e%:8+'7 5%E

V`RWi178'I1+M`;,+M' EGE (e )
LRWW)]+: 5 ; 5
!#
$0
Y%R#78: 5 78eRWiWi:G78'_#;$ 5 v*: 5%E ; 5 :8. 5 % $ &z #Y%R#eLT 5 5E8E R67UW<+:G7 5E
5 78Wi E C f 7U# EGE )7 5 7UWiV:G>7 W 5E VP+e%:8T 5 VPRWiz E :G78R$:GR7U;$3:Ut+MKz; EG W0 5 M 5%E
5 W 5 )W 5E :G7U;3e R7U0C /C
Symtable sec2 sec3 Symtable

para para
firstclass secvar1 sec3
0 firstclass
secvar2
1 secondclass
secvar3
2 thirdclass
Symtable secmeth1
para
thirdclass
j'R78<C /3u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;RWi3:Ut+MKi;$ E W3 5 M 5E C
465 W 5 5 d;$.: 5 Vz:8L>M'};$ EG W3 5 M 5E ;$+1<L>7GW<.:G'7 5 5 e%:87 5 M.<; 5 E 5 5 ;$#+;

/ 5 ;$R:G'M.'_>7
E +M' EGE E
VO 4 V
:
L VO 5 R%$ & C)= T 5 5 ;$V 5 7G]>WVyR:G'M.'_>7
EG W0 5 M 5 C fZ5 76g$+W<M 5 V%RWib;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$17GKI1>M;$+e%:87 5 ;bMK E8E
RWi)MK E8E J;$>+M'78;3e'e9;3O LUV$ EGE .W 5 W 5 :

L eT 5 5 ;(R:G'M.'_>7

4 V 5 E E :U<eT 5 E :8<;$'78:8W<+e%:Ge.e9L;)+W

L C
\ 5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5 ( E 5 5 ;$MK E8E E V%W<]: 5 ; 5%E V 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E J178KI1+ E ;J+M' EGE
E T 5 VP;$<>7:U< 5 78WiVP E :8:GK 5E CJ^Wi#1+_0;>MK7U; 5E V E8E E ';$>e%:G +; 5 78 E W<e%: +W I E
E R E 7 5 7G'>;;$ E 5 ;$+W E +7`R$:8.M'._N; 5%E ;$b;$'1>7 EG5E 5 e%: 5E ;$. +78+e%:G E ; 5 7 5 78WiC
I
%0 E 17GKI1> E M 5 > E ; 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5%E : +W 5 W< 5 7G:8W)>e%: 5 Wi E 1 5 MK:G'MXV% E : 5 ]V E 0 5 ;$+W
E +7FR E ; E ;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 >WY%R^ 5 78W; eK; E65 RBV 'e;V$;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5 M 5 535 eL;$
5 7UW;$ e'; E C f 7UF E8E5 VN 5 .e'+'7èLM' E d;$dRW W<]: 5 ; 5`5 RRWM 5 5 V 5 eM' E ; 5 7
;$>1bWi7U+7Y%R E E 178KI1+ E Y%R3 5 7UW ;$ e'; E :G]0Y%R+M'b 5 e%: 5 C 5 :G>7GW<'e7(
D7?Q HQD o CE H7D C o HD

eLM' E 0;$ EGE )M 5 5 V 5 R E vVB; E R781 5 7GM'.%;z 5 e}YR0'eKK 5 M 5 5 Vy 5 W 5 RW
5 RJRW V 5 eM. E ; 5 7B;$+1Z:G'787B;F:8L>M'^Y%R+MK E 178KI1+ E
;$NMK7U; E ;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5 M 5 5 C
dW 5EÈ R 5 7^Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5cD o >DX? E v
S=Qbd7ac`&h=îXi )i_`
f:_&S=Q } '

b[7Sb

iSXd:b'[7i

"
!"
%$0V
MD7? HQ H< HD
:G>7 W 5%E i781 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>)W 5%E :878;)e R78<C LC@ 5 .e'+'7ieM. E J;
5 eM' E ; 5 7@U9Wi 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R^:878:8b; 5 VNY%RV 5 7 E RL1>_V U9Wi
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
XOC o HD ?A?AOC o HD C=^ EGE

?A?AQOC o HD
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 7 5 78'; 5 78 5E +R M.9 5 Vt;$'W 5E
;; 5 t+MK R7U#CoC f 7 5%EGE +R.eL; 5 eM' E VPU9+p E b 5E >ReL; 5OC o HD 5 W
5 e%: 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$>1 E M'1I7 5 E :8; 5
EG W3 5 M 5E VY%R]
;):8L>M'i;$
:8t+MK};$ E W3 5 M 5E 5 e%:G+eL; 5 E 1I7GKI1> E M 5 > E3 VB 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U R7UzC oBC
= 5 1W)>e%:GV 5 W<]: 5 ; 5?A?AOC o HD ;$+1 E M.17 5 E :8; 5 ;}:Ut+MK} 5 e:8.e R7
eM' E ; E R E RL781 5 78V[Y%R#'78; e'70&178'I1+M C& 5 78: 5 78e7b;-eM. E #;
E R781 5 7GV+F:8L>M'^+e 5 e%:G7Up E Z 5 W 5 W 5%E :878` R7U`CoC[,W<]+: 5 ; 5 ? A?A OC o HD
;$>1V+e%:8T 5 V7G E :UR7U7z:8L>M'V_++eL; 5 pw1 5 M.:87 5 E :8; 5 ; R78}C oBC2 Re; 5
5 5 e%:G7 5 M'#78: 5 78e7 J 78.W<+'7UU9Wi;;$ ? A?A OC o HD VP E :G;$+178 E :8R7873
:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 7U 5 E :8; 5 e%:G+78 5 7NV 5 R E *vV; R78<CoC
m&!"%%Z!
%K &9 m&! !!"!
7!!
K y!
|y%%!" 7"Z!
%K ! 2 y!" 2 yZ!
|y!" K y! y%&Z!
%K yZ! &29 2 y!"
&2 |y!"
%K
j['R7U<C 0u E7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>378(

!#
$0C
M'+.: 5 7 5 ;$ie 5 :87JY%Ri>;z+e%:G7U;z; ;=<>@?AB:CD 5 ;$<7G>78 E +e%:87:8. 5E ;H +p
78+e%:G E ;(K;$>e:8 +; 5 78 E V% 5 W 5 RW;$ E +7G.: 5 7F;$JRWi<MK E8E V$;$JRW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V$;$(RW
W<]: 5 ; 5z5 R-;$<RWiz1I7GKI1>M{C f 78z+;RW ;$ E8E E ; E 78H: 5 78 E V 5 :G' 5 ;)'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5
Y%R E <78W<_+>e<]);H >7G>e:8C= E NS+T 5 C /iW 5E :G7U78+W 5%E 5 W 5 ]0'W<M'+W<+e%:8;#:8p
t+MK#;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E 78 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<.MK; 5 7 VtW 5E :G7Ue; 5 +g$:8W)>e%:GbY%R EE T 5 E
X ++
'e$ 5 78WiS E 7GWi_++eL; E 78)+;0:G' 5 ; E 78H: 5 7NC
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D D X sQ@
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "N"
sec2 sec2
secvar1 secvar1
secvar2 secvar2
secvar3 (a) secvar3 (b)

secmeth1 secmeth1
sec2
secvar1
secvar2
secvar3 (c)
secmeth1
j[.R7U0C obu#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$J:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 5 W178'I1+ E M 5 + E C
8.3 Implementao da tabela de smbolos

=^ E :U E NS+T 5 7G>e;$>7G>W 5%E .W<M'+W<>e:U7d(:Ut+MK;$ E W3 5 M 5E L7U 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7 V
5 W<>S+e; 5 t+MK ;=<>@?A7B:CD Cy? E 5 M'9>W 5%E 78^+MK^RWi E :G78R$:GR7U` E :Ue%:G E 'W<M' E BRWi
X ++
M' E :8}M'.%;Y%R< Re 5 e}eL} 5 78Wi;#RWi}'M.9V 5 R E vV[+t>S>;}M' E :8 5 e%:8
(&<>?AB:CD
78 5EG W3 5 M 5 YR 5 W< E 7GN>e:8+W<+e%:8.e E +78K; 5 C f 7U E8EG5 V`78'W 5E ;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5
5 W<.MK; 5 7RW\ 5 :GFU9Wi; 5 V;$>e%:G7 5 ;$>M.VMK E8E ;=<>?AB:CD W 5%E :878;
e 5 7 5 78W<0C'"C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACBED

\ n Y LALQYQ=^Q^t%U> = Y
_ JO Z K O G
d nRRt=&Y n6;LTHK = [ ;%:Q:tn6= =Q:Y =S; ;UnK ;U n6; [ = K = O6G YQ=y>= Z ^T: G L G&HKG {
e JO Z HK O GSK
g RR W&> :; LQ; :;YQ=M; ^LQ;Un6;-y= =b> ;6{SLQ;%:Q:
h H G I&J6G HK G HZ?HN GUHK G&HKG
i n JO Y Z L ZbHK ^QLbn K :C
k
Frq nRRt=&Y n6;LTHK = [ ;%:Q:tn6YQ==Q:^Q=t^S=Y pG&HKY :n= [ =t HK :Y%=^^ [GXH &p G YM^ J n B
FuF JO Z HK G G J
Fr\ n Y LS%U> = Y y{PRRAL&: = >= = YQ=Pp=QV =
Fr_ JO Z K O G Z J K O6G Z
F|d
Fre K^;bL?ncn :A` H`SJ YsY
Frg Y p K Y n
` YY
Fh G G J HJ
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)
i i
">% àà BZ)*à@*<a
rF i
Frk RRAL&: = = YQ=tp=%V =A=&n; = ;Tn6=Q:= H &p G YA^ J n B
\uq n JO Y Z LSZ %KU> OK =G O Y G yr HKZ :YQ=H^K^ HJ n[ {
\F
\u\
\u_ K^;bL?ncn :A` H`SJ YsY
\d Y G p KG Y J n
` J n
\ue
\ug
\h
\ui n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ = [[ y HK := O Y G v{TRQRP= [6Z L Z ; H = J >= G&HK := [ =A~ K = O6G Y%=
\uk
_uq v/B H6G v K ` K ;Un RR ZbH LQY JZoH ;%p= G&HK := [ = H ; K ;bn;
_F
_u\ Kv/;bBnc^LQ`P;Un vC `S^Lbn :C RRP= : n6=Q:=S= := =M; W%> :; ; ^QLQ;Un;
_u_ v/B > K = OG Y G ` K%NK Z ^ RRTaK=QVSZbOQ= JG&Z HK := [ =A=&nG&H; HK K =Q[:Pn6=%:H=S=TG n:xUn[ : Z =G K = O6G YQ=
_d
_ue
_ug
_h n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[TO6G < ZbH LQ;Un G yE{
_ui
_uk ^QLbn K :fQf RR ZbHZ L Z = H ;%p;S= HZ?HN =b> GUHK ; [G p=Q: Z% p GZ ^
dq
dF
d\
d_ n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[SG&H[ L%;Un G yE{
dud
de NZ Y G y K ;Unu` HQJ YqY K ;Un B^QLQ;Un G ``S^Lbn K :{
dg ;Unc` ;Un B v RRP: := ; =^P=ôp=Q:6^ ;T= =b> ;cLQ;%:: GUHKG
dh ^L?n KK : K HG K RRPa GQZbHK=Z Y Z V=AK [= HZbHN =?> G&HK ;c[LQ;&:: HG&HZbHQKNG G&HK
di
dk
euq
eF
I ?N
o NO?
? E8E #+M' EGE 5E8E R:G7 E 17GKI1> E C67G'W<+'78<] VY%R3 5 e%:8<78i#>t>S>i;
M' E :8CZ E +Re;V V]JRWe W)>7 5 =H
'e:8+'7 5 Y%R 5 e:87 5 M' 5 e'e9W)>e%: 5 ;$M 5 5E C
o NO?
l eKKM'W<+e%:G E >Rb1M 5 7[]6 â>;ê 5 1 5 M 5 5 E8E 61M 5 7]F'e78+W<+e%:U; 5 C 4 ;178'I1+M
CD: D:C? N
RL7U; 5 1M 5 7;$ Y%Re; 5 'e E +78';ê^:8t+MKV EGE 'W]6 5%EGEG 1+M E t+7 Y%RM%M 5 5
+MKit+7G:G>eCa:G>78++'78<178KI1+My] VY%R3 5 e%:8i78)RWi+e%:G7U;)>W 5 R$:G7U
;=<>?AB:CD C@?dM'# 5%EGE ..M'H:UiK;$+e%:G >7#Y%RM+M' EGE E8E ):Ut+MKit+7G:G+eLC` R7UiC
W 5E :G7U3 E Y%R>Wi:GK+W<+e%:GJRWi) E :G78R$:GR78 ;=<>?AB:CD C[ E +:8<e RW<+7U;*"IF7G>78 E +e%:8
)178'I1+M ? N b)eXHW<+7 5 {V)178'I1+M CD:D:C?N C
78.W<+'7 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 73;MK E8E ;=<>@?A7B:CDE .W<M' E W<+e%:G+7GKRWi}:Ut+MK1_>'C
; 5 :8. 5: ? =< C
A Y%R E +7U<;$ E 78.: 5 ;$Ke%:8Cd? E8E 5 $v*+: 5 ;$ E 78+1iMK E8E J Y%Rb
E >Re; 5 :UW0L]>W78K0RW<):Ut+MK)1I_+KV 5 78]+W7GN+tb 5 W 5 L7UW<:87 5 RW 5 $v*: 5
;=<>?AB:CD t+7G:G+eL E >Rz1M 5 7F]7GWi_>+e; 5 eL017GKI1>M CD :D:C N C= R7U)C V +MK
] 5 78.+W; E :U0eX H W<>7 5 /% C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N/
!) o
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "N/
Symtable
(1)
(3)
Symtable
EntryTable
(2)
(1)
EntryTable EntryTable
EntryTable
EntryTable
j'R78)C 3u#c^+78 E +e%:8S+T 5 ;)'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;$ ;=<>@?AB:CD C

AMHMH
?Q=<CABCD
W<]: 5 ; 5 ;'+ 5 e`RWi e 5 1`+e%:G7U;è`:Ut+MKV 5 M 5 >e; 5 pwae 5 : 5 5 ;.M'9C
D 5 ;3>e:878;e3:8L>M'0]J; 5 :8. 5 E :G7U: 5 V+Rv0; eKS+T 5 ]JW 5E :G7U;be 5
7 5 78W<0C$C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACB

\ RRALQY%=^^ < :=YTn6=%:=S=^n;^Ûp ^ := =^ = = YQ= ^> ;QY;
_ G G GZ G&HK [ H K OG [G O
d n= O ^ KY :=LSL K n: JQO <Y Z LA=b> LQY%= ^^X HKR:R =;?O> Y G ;AÊ> ;Y;yup=Q:/B%> ; ;A; LQY%=^^ {
e n JO Y Z LT K :QZ?H= H Y G v RRtH=&n; Gt[= ;&:tn6O=Q:=Tn:x%v >; K [:; J= = YQG=
g n JO Y Z L HK ^QLQ;UOn GP H6G K RR HW%K > [ :; ;t= =b> Z [;MG&HLQK;%:Q: [ K O6G
h JO Z ZbHK G H G [ HZ?HN GUHK G&HKG
i n JO Y Z LS%U> K = O Y G > K = O Y G RRt=Un; HK =Xn6=Q:=S= K = O6G Y%= [ = I%J =Y G YQ=tXn6=Q: KG
k
Frq
cA'>D o ND
D 5 ; 55 $v*+: 5 ;$ EGE :G' 5 5%EGE RRW e 5 W<bY%R 5 K;$>e:8 +Vt78Wi_+>e; 5 eLi178'I1+M
5 5 e%:8; 5 7^L7U 5 78Ig$.W 5 >M.>W)>e%: 5 eLi:8L>M'C fZ5E8E R{VP'e;V VLRWi
178'I1+My'e%:G+'7U)Y%R3R78; 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ; 5 E 5 5 5 Y%RM+MK<L>7:8+e+C^W<]+: 5 ; 5 AMHMH
;-MK E8E ;=<>@?A7B:CD :8RM''_> 5 1M 5 70;$ EGE 178'I1+M@Y%Re; 5 +e%:G7U;]'e E +78';e
:8L>M'C@ eX
H W<+7 5 ; 5 E 5 5 5 787G>e%:G ;3:Ut+MK)]J:GRM.'_>; 5 <>;01>_(Y%RJRWe 5 1 5
BXD%C7; o ND
W<]: 5 ; 535 RiM 5 5 ]K;$+e%:8 >; 5 e37G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>C f 78b E8E5 V 5 7 5 7UWiJY%R eM' E
D2H; o ND
)781 5 78;$>1(U9Wi7 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E {YRLe; 5 RWe 5 1 5 E 5 5 ](.e'+'; 5 @
{YRLe; 5 RW E 5 5 :G>7GW<'eC
^Wi(+e%:G7U;e:8L>M'( 5E8E R:UW0L]>W(1I7GKI1>M >c<?ABCD VIYR6'e;$K+J(YR6:Ut+MK

`>e:878;FL>7:8+e+C? EGE `'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5 ]d'W) 5 7G:8e%:Gd78 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E ;$6R E +VN 5 e$ 5 7GW<
1>7G>W 5E 5%E :8+78 5 7GW<>e:8C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D X sQ
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
MK E8E :?=<CA7B:CD ]J E :G7U:UC[?dMK0]( E :G>e;$K;) 5 7 5 R$:878 E +M' EGE E Y%R 78+7G E >e$p
:8W 5E ;$. +78+e%:8 E :G' 5%E ;$a';+e%:G +; 5 78 E Y%Ra 5 ;+Wt+7G:G>e>7Z(RWi ;=<>@?AB:CD C f 7U
?=< C'A
RW K;$+e%:G >; 5 7Y%Rd78+78 E +e%:8aRW<MK E8E @;>MK7U;6e 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8V :8+78+W 5E RWi
:?=<CA7B:CD :D?=DH

+e%:878;J; 5 :G' 5 e :Ut+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C? EGE MK E8E F]^78 E +e%:8;e 5 7 5 p
7UWiC /C[M.]>W; E 17GKI1> E ;$ VI+MKb 5E8E RXV.eL;V 5 5 e%:U; 5 7
;&<>@?ABCD VY%R37GWi_>+e
?Q=< C'A6
78i 5%E K;$+e%:8 >; 5 7G E ;$ eK; 5E ;$+e%:87 5 ;#MK E8E 0YRb+MK
78+78 E +e%:8V0RW 5 e%:8; 5 7^L7UiRWi 5 R$:G7U V$Y%R3])#+e%:878;<ei:Ut+MK
;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ; E R E Rt+7UMK E8E V E J+MK) 5%EGE R'7`RWi E Rt+7UMK E8E C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu@

\ RRALQY%=^^ L%;%:: ^?n; = >= LQYQ=Q:=L ; L%YQ=^^ = = B Ê> ;Y;^
_ G G H[G J [G [G GPH K O [G O
d nn JO YY Z LALS%LQUYQ>=^Q=^XY HK :Q^ YQ=^Q^ G v KRG&R H[ =^T HYQK=P:Qn6R = O Y GLQY%=Q :=! ; Y > ;^t= = ;^
e n JO Y Z LT K:QOYQGP=^QH6^XG n6K=Q:GQ[ 3RR K O6:G = =cLQ;%:[:G ^bn; [GS~MG ^ G n G&H:6KLQY%=^^ HZbHN [
g JO Z HK G&HK GUHK [ G H[G&HKG J G G
h n Y LT :QYQ=^Q^y : < %b> = Y {
i JO Z HK K ZbH H K O GSK
k
Frq H =?> ^ G ` H` c%b> R=R HY ;> y Gt[ ^=M{L%YQ=RR^^ GP= [G YQLQ=AYQ=%:; = [ = ^ : :Ap=Q: p ^
FuF H6G KGQ[ H6G K O G K%NZ RR>K O6G; ;^PH; [GMLQYQZbH=^G^ Z^ Z% GZ
Fr\ n6=%: ` YY RRA^ =M^ n :6LQYQ=^Q^ K [ J G
Fr_ G&HK HJ J J G G
F|d
Fre
;=<>@?AB:CD
?=< x'A6
E +Re; 5 :8. 5 ;$(+e%:G7U;0Y%R 5 ;$J7GN+76e RWi ]J0Y%R(7G>78 E +e%:8
?<ND
H>
RWi17GKI1>M{C 5E8E R(RW 5 e:U; 5 7 78,RW< 5 R$:878+e%:G7U;;
:8L>M'<Y%RJ'e;$K+)YRLM 5 :G' 5 ;)178KI1+MXC fZ5%EGE RyRWi)178'I1+Mt.e%:G>.7U Y%RJ.eL;$'>
b;$'W<+e E T 5 5 WY%R178KI1+M 5 L;>MK7U;CW1: 5 7dRe';.W<+e E 5 eM:8+W ;$'W)>e E T 5
:?=<Bx'A C o AMC o ? V
"VRWi0Wi:G78._K;$'W<+e E 5 eMy 5E8E RB1M 5 7VRWi)1I7GKI1>M E >W;$'W<+e E T 5 5E8E R1IM 5 7
Va E8E .W 5 7k;$Ke%:GC^Wi 5%EGE RXV'e;VRW< 178'I1+M.e%:G>.7U
Y%Rb;$'_bY%RM 5 XH =k
e W<+7 5iE NY +e+'MB;$ E8E 017GKI1>M{V$+ E5iE (:G7U:Gb;1I7GKI1>MPM 5 +M{Ck? EGE
'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 ]#R$:G'M'._N;}e}+7US>T 5 ;$#$;$' 5 E >78};$ E +R$:GK; 5 W W< E ;$:UM'9 E e 5
+ :GRM 5 "NC? EGE bMK E8E ^]7G E >e:U;Je 5 7 5 7UWiJC C[?dMKb 5E8E RL; 5 E 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E V
RW R$:8.M'._N; 5 YRLe; 5zE :878:8i;$0RWi#;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$3178KI1+ E ;$3+M' EGE b 5 R$:G7 5 VL7U
<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178KI1+ E M 5 + E C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACB

\ RRALQY%=^^
_ GtI&J6G = O : Z <= J >= [G LQYQ=%:=L ; [G p=Q: Z& p G Y H = K = O6G YQ= [G ^Q> O ;YQ;^
d nn JO YY Z LALTLQYQ=:Q^Q^X= HKY :QQ=Q%n: G v KG&H[R^TRt=UHnK; := = O;%:tY G n6=Q :=A; n; =tp=Q: p Y
e n JO Y Z L HK >O GSK G RR W%> HK:; [ > ^ K6^Z =t[ p=Q: pZ% Y G
g n JO Y Z L ZbHKS[YQ;Z L%=YL%; RR H > G :=7 [Gt;M[6^ Z G&H L G =YT[ n6=Q:=t=Z%^TGp=Q:^B Y;L&= ^
h JO Z ZbHK JHK HQJ G GQI 6G&H Z Z
i RRAL&: = >= := =Tn6=Q:=Sp=Q:/B LQYQ=^^
k Z J G&HK [ [G G
Frq n JO Y Z LT HK :QQ=Q:Cy K : ZbH < H HK :Q= O Y G n ZbHKt[ {
FuF
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D X s'
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "No
Fr\ H &=?>n G ``XHn/ RR H ;> Gt[ =tp=Q: Z% p G Y

RRP=&n6; HK = [ ;%:tn6=Q:=t=MLQYQ=^Q^ G
Fr_ K >mG `
F|d [6Y;Z L%=YLQ[; ` D RRRR H W&W&>> G ::;;M[^ GT[6Z > GUL H =^YSG ^M^ >n: Dzy ;tY;L%=Y{
Fre JHK H G G%I6G&H Z G G
H6
Frg
Fh RRAL&: = >= := =Tn6=Q:=Sp=Q:/BYQ;L%=Y
Fri n JO Y Z LTZ JHK :QQG&H=Q:CK y K[ : ZbH < H HK :Q= O Y G n ZbHKt[ ZbHKPj {
Frk
\uq
\F H &=?>n G ``XHn/ RR H ;> Gt[ =tp=Q: Z% p G Y
RRP=&n6; HK = [ ;%:tn6=Q:=t=MLQYQ=^Q^ G
\u\ K >mG ` RR H W&> G :; [GT[6Z > GUH ^ G ^
\u_ [6Y;Z L%=YLQ[; ` RR ZbH LQY JZPK =?> O b>; H W%> G :;A^ GQI G&H L Z =Y
\d JHK j
\ue
\ug
:?=<
D7?Q H
D >W 5E V'e;V E +e%:G7U; E Y%R`78+78 E +e%:8W 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E C[?dMK EdE T 5 ;+M' EGE
f 7 5 78W<0CoC 4 ;)RWi<;$ E8E E +e%:G7U; E 5E8E RyRW 5 e%:8; 5 7 ?'<ND 7U
H > ? ?ACXC o ACU ? ?AMUC ?A o
RWi 5 R:G7Ua+e%:G7U;Fe`:8t+MK`;$ EG W3 5 M 5E VNY%Rk'e;$K+^Y%RM 5 :G' 5 ;$d78: 5 78e 5 dRW.e%:G>.7 5
V6YRz'e;$K+ E R;$'W)>e E T 5 C 5 E)5 R:G7 5E .e%:8+'7 5%E
'e;$K+W}V^78 E t> :8.1W)>e%:GV 5 XH
e W<+7 5 : 5 :8M ;$-1I7GKI1> E M 5 + E ;$ e'; E e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
}&Y%Re%:8';;$};$z>M.>W<+e%: 5%E R$:8.M''_>; 5E e&.M'9;-s&Y%R'e .7G:GRMÌ1&;R78e%:G
g$NRS>T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C? EGE E ; 5 E 1M 5 78 EiE T 5 R E ; 5%E e>78S+T 5 ;$+ ;. 5 C m T 5
'e'+'M.'_>; E Vè 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7;+M' EGE V 5 W 5 1IM 5 7 C? EGE -1M 5 7]M.:G+7U; 5 7U
P
78 +:G'7^ E +78 :8+7 'E :GK+ E ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$R7Ue%:G<eM. E E +Wie:8'>C
A D AND CB7G'W<+'78J:8+W AMCbcD

D W3t]+W R:G'M.'_>; E e}eLM' E E +Wie%:8'><ez>78S+T 5 ;$i$;$' 5}E T 5 E 178KI1+ E
1M 5 7 L7U: 5 ; 5%E@5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E ( 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E
?D C#
;$NMK7U; 5%E e 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8C@s& E +g$ E :GbRW> EG5 +W YR 5 7878 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7a_
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7NC#=^ E8E #+ EG5 V 5 1IM 5 7] E +Re;'e;$K+ E 5
5 7G 5 ;$RW 5 e E :87GR: 5 7` 5E8E RBRWiiU9W<;) 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a; E Rt+7UMK E8E Cdk>7G>W 5%E
E8E E + E5%E ;$R7Ue%:GJieM. E E +Wie%:8'>0J+7US+T 5 ;$b+$;$. 5 C
178'I1+M N@A6A'> ;$ E +7G>1aY%R EdE T 5 ^ 5 W 5E T 5J5E 7UW<:87 5%E 5 78W< E ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C
?Q=<MD o
+1.e;'>7 5 :8. 5 ;.W<+e E T 5 ;$>;JRW;$>M. E V% 5 7d EGEG5 VR$:G'M'._Np E `RW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5
:G' 5 IVY%R ]RWiM' E :Ub+W Y%R>;b+M'+W<+e%: 5 7G>78 E +e%:8JRW ; 5%E 78W<:G7 5E C
F n6=L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACB

\ RRALQ;&:: ^bn6; = >= L%YQ=Q:=L ; > ; ; = = YQ= ^Q> ;YQ;^
_ G H[G J [G [G K [ H K O6G [G O
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X :Q ; v ^X := Y
e n JO Y Z LT :Q= HKY GQ%nK%N [cG KG&H[ RR HK n; O G : ;%: ; ;> ; ;
g n JO Y Z L HK O GS>K G RR HK6W&Z > G :[; G [GtGQK[6Z > HGUH ^[ G ^ [ K;P[: GQK ;&: H ;
h n JO Y Z LTZbHK :QQ LXn6[6=%Z :=b>
i n JO Y Z L HK G ; =YY;L%=Y^ RRRR K6W&Z >n; :[; ;^n6p=Q:=Q:b> GQKp :;^^SYQ;L%= ^
k JO Z ZbHK K K RR HK =?>G= HN ; [[G =Tn Z YZ&N = GH6Z G L G ^^ :Z Z =
Frq nn JO YY Z LL ZbH;K;Y = Ka=; K =Y ^ K =L j RR K : J6G 3^ G J >
a=Y^Q;AL%; H ^ K : JK ;%:
FuF n JO Y Z L O ;;Y G = H =j6^G^ n :C RR K : J6G 3^ G > K ; [ ;Xn;^^ JZ L N =b>= [ =c^ J n G :
Fr\ JO Z O G HSN J G
Fr_
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< G D X sQ
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
F|d RRAL&: = Y > ;Tn=Q:= ^ : : = = YQ=

Fre n JO Y Z LTZ HG K :QG G&HGQK%K N ; [ y K : ZbZbHH < G H Z ( HH K :K O= OG Y G n bZ HKS[ ( HK :% G LP:{
Frg
Fh H &=?>n G ``Xn/H
Fri K >mG `
Frk n6[6=%Z :=b>m[`t:
\uq
\F K ;; K ==YYY^ ;=L%=L Y^t`S`Sss
\u\ Ka= K `PK a=jY^
\u_ j6G G
\d N =^^ J n G :M`Pa=Y^ G
\ue
\ug n JO Y Z LT HK :Q GQK%N ; [ y K : ZbH < H ( HK := O Y G n O ;;Y G = HSO {
\h
\ui
\uk H &=?>n G ``Xn/H
_uq K >mG `ts
_F n6[6=%Z :=b>m` HQJ YY
_u\
_u_ K ;; K ==YYY^ ;=L%=L Y^t`S`Sss
_d Ka= K ` K j
_ue j6G O
_ug N =^^ J n G :M`Pa=Y^ G
_h
_ui
MK E8E ?= < D o
, f 7 5 78Wi)C %F]R E ;<78)78+78 E +e%:U7aRWi<M. E :8#;$J:8. 5E
;$'W<+e EG E Vt 5 7(g$>W)M 5 VtL7U#;$ E 78+1+7 5E L7UW<:87 5%E ;$0RWW<]: 5 ; 5 C 4 ; 5 $v*: 5
?<ND VIY%R`
H> o ?
;$ EGE +M' EGE F 5%EGE R RWi(1I7GKI1>M 5 e:URW<(>e:878; e^:Ut+MKJ;$ E W3 5 M 5E V
:D ?
i1I7GKI1>M VBY%R<.eL;$'>RWi;$.W<>e E T 5 C<178'I1+M[.e%:G>.7U 'e;$K+}Y%Re%: 5%E
+M'+W<>e: 5E +g$ E :G>We<M' E :Ui;$:G' 5E 0<1I7GKI1>M 5 e:U 5 78Ig$.W 5 +M'+W<+e%: 5 ;
M' E :8C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACBu

\
_
d RRRSR Y Z ^ n6K ==Q:[?> G H:K;:^ YQ=^^ J ^%= [ =Tn=Q:=S: G n: G ^ G&HK =Q:c;^ KZ n;^ [GTJ >=AY Z ^ K =
e [G GQK
g n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X :QQ L v ^T := Y
h JO Z HK G G KG&H[ HK O G
i nn JO YY Z LTL HK :Q>= O Y GSK %n G RQRRQR K6> Z n6; ^ [;GTJ >m; OQGQK ;
k JO Z ZbHKS[Z [6Z GUH
Frq nn JO YY Z LTL HK :QQL%; G L H6G v K RR W%> :RQ;Rt=&n; HKY = >[ ;%:tn;=Q^t:=A=Xn6;P=%:: G ^ :K ; [= =AY YZ ^ K = Y > ;
FuF JO Z ZbHK HK H G [GSG G G&HK K6Z [ I%J6G GAG G G&HK
Fr\
Fr_
F|d RRAL&: = Y > ;
Fre n Y LTZ G :QG QG&HKLyr :Q= Y n
Frg JO Z HK G HK O G Z?HKS[ ZbHK L{
Fh
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N%q-
!)
i i
eu
Z^ +(6 lx}16\Xu*1a6` "N%q
rF i KLQ&; n G `XÀn/L
Frk HK
\uq [6Z >mv ` ` [ YY
\F H6G K HQJ
\u\
\u_ RRAL&: = Y > ; n ; L ; =AY ^ =
\d n JO Y Z LTZ HG K :QG QG&HG KLyr HG K :QGT= OH Y G ZbHn ZZ?HKS[ [ ZZbHKK L( HK :% G L K {
\ue
\ug
\h KLQ&; n G `XÀn/L
\ui HK
\uk [6Z >mv ` ` [
_uq H6G K K
_F
_u\
E8E 'W}V1W 5%EkE R 5 7@Y%Ra:G>W 5%E RW W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R` 5E8E R$:G7I E L7UW<:87 5%E 5 78'W)>.7 5
A V 5(E +Re; a 5 W;$.W<>e E T 5 / 5 :G>78++'7 5 +VWi E
? =< D oY%RJ7G>7G E >e%:8
; 5 :G' 5 5 ; 5 :G' 5 :8W0L]>W; 5 :G' 5 5 W
;$'W<+e E T 5 "C f 7U)78'7GW 5E RW 5E :G' 5E ;$ EGE E 78W<:G7 5E V
7 W 5E
[7S=d X ^gh=_ C o AMCAAD?AHXAPH ?&N AcA?ABXD:C

A
[7S=d X ^gh=_ C o AMC AAD ? AHXAPH ?&N B
cA?ABXD:C
A
[7S=d _`h[_Y [7SXd _` } } W=W_7h&_f:_[7S7\a7\S:bT\gK)
h[_Y [XSXd _` ~ h W=W_7h&_f:_[7S7\a7\S:bT\gK)
h[_Y [XSXd _` h W=W_7h&_f:_[7S7\a7\S:bT\^
m R 5 e; 5 Y%R E 178KI1+ E < 5 e%:8W E +e%:878; E eL:8L>M'b7Ub E MK E8E E 0
+V78 E LN :8.1W<>e:8V E8E `+g >W<M 5 R$:G'M.'_> 5 7G'W<+'7 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7d;b+M' EGE a7U78K7kRW
5 v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5: ? =< MD o VN7U 5 HMH:8.W 5 78W<:G7 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ` 5 W;.W<+e E T 5 "C[ + 5 E V
R$:8.M'._Ne; 55}E +Re; 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7NVy]i78'; 5 RW :?=<MD o7U 5E +Re; 5 7UW<+:G7 5 V
-;$'W<+e E T 5 /V`&Y%R& 5 e:U7U,Y%R>M.>M.>W<+e%: 5 Y%R&7G>7G E >e%:8 5
Q? =< MD o 78 5 78'W)>.7 5 7UW<+:G7 5 V
5 W 5 :8. 5
:G>78++'7 5 78W<:G7 5 C<?^V 5 7 W}V]#+7GK; 5 RW
5 W 5 :8. 5 &;$'W)>e E T 5 Va&Y%R- 5 e%:878YR+M'+M'+W<+e%: 5 YR7G>7G E >e%:8 5
E +Re; 5 7UW<+:G7 5 C
s E RWi<MK E8E (]R:G'M.'_>;< 5 W 5 +e%:878;)e%RW< ;=<>@?AB:CD C?dMKi;$ E 78+1 RW:G' 5

E K 5 ;M.'eR+W}VBe 5 e 5%EGEG5 > EG5 V 5%E :G' 5%E ( =C# E8E Wie>.7UVy 5 ;$+W 5%E

:G7U:U73 E ;$NMK7US>T 5 Y%RR$:8.M''_>W EGE E :8. 5E ;W< E Wi 5 7GWiY%R:G7U:8W 5E E ;$+p
x
A6D o CE HD V:G+W 7? D
MK7US E Y%R0R$:G'M.'_>WMK E8E E ;$ e'; E L>M 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7NC fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 VLe RW e; 5
:G' 5 5%E e 5< M'9 5 }N RW Y%R'e;$K+ 5 :G' 5 ;<178'I1+M
;$NMK7U;C@ 5 E 78+1+78W 5%E RWW<]: 5 ; 5 Y%RbeLM' E ) E8E eLVeT 5 ]7GN E5 1+78 +7 E
E8E M'9 5 5 e%:G]+WRW
=b:G7U:8pXM 5E ;$ 5 78Wi< E LNKMXC f 7U< E8E5 VL;$>1>W 5%E
5 R
RWi+M' EGE VtVy EGE .W}VP 5 eM. E 7GW 5%Ea5 e x

6 A D o CE HD V$ 5 ;$+W 5%E E .W<M' E W<+e%:G0 +p
'e E >7G'7@eLJ:8L>M'0;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E RWib>e%:G7U;L7U+;RW ;$ E8E E :8. 5E V$ 5 W 50E ` 5%EGE +W
:GRL7`RWi<R E +<eL):8t+MK J 7 5 +R7U); 5 :G' 5 78+78 E +e%:U; 5 e 5#E +R M'9 5mN 7? V% 5
78 E RMH:U; 5 ;)R E +)e 5%E W 5E :G7U7U3Y%RMy] 5 :8. 5 ;)178'I1+MXV E *v)+M'RWi<MK E8E 5 RRW
:G' 5 E ' 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)">
i i
"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
MK E8E ?=<X;>"NKCD W 5E :G7U;)e 5 7 5 78Wi3Cq0]R$:8.M'._N;<L7U3 EGE W}C f 7U
E8E :8. 5 ;$J+e%:878;V$e;)]J.e+M.R ; 5 e 5 ; E 78H: 5 7NV M.]>W; 5 e 5 W<J; 5 K;$>e:8 +; 5 7NC
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^&U> K = O Y G 9:;%<:=?>=ACB('

\ RR := = Y V= =Pn6=Q:= LQY%=Q:=Q:c;^ n;^ ^ L%;^ =AY < =%< >
_ G&HK [ JK6Z Z [ [G K6Z 6O Z [ ZbH J G
d n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X :Q >n6Y v ^X := Y
e JO Z HK Z GMG KG&H[ HK O G
g
h
i n JO Y Z LT HK :Q Z >n6Y G y K : ZbH < H {
k
Frq H =?> G ` H
FuF
Fr\
Fr_
= 5%E > :GRM 5%EFE +R'e:8 E V1+78+W 5E 5 W 5 E8E b E :G78R$:8R780;$ :8t+MK);$ EG W3 5 M 5E ] R:G.p
M'._N;L7Ub 5 K7FbeM. E E +Wie%:GK+b +7US+T 5 ;$ +$;$. 5 CZ E MK E8E E 7G E >e%:8; E
e E :8#+ :8RM 5 u+W 7G:GKRM'7>V}+M' EGE ;&<>@?ABCD u 5%EGE R+W;$'1+7 EG5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E Y%R
eT 5 5 78W W 5%E :878; 5E Y%RXV$ 5 W 5)5E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R(_+>W3R E >0;(K;$>e:8 +; 5 78 E e
:8L>M'Ci?dM' EbE +7UT 5 78 E +e%:U; 5%E # 5 W<+e%:8; 5EJ W<>;$K;Y%R) 5 78+W E >e; 5 R$:G'M'._N; 5%E
e 5%E 7 5 7UWi E Y%RJ7GNM'._NW<eLM' E E >W<e%:GK+ 5 R})+7US>T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)""
i i
Captulo 9
Anlise Semntica
Primeira Parte
eM' E E >Wie%:GK+J]^78 E 5 e E I1>M% 5 761>7G +7d E LN : 5E ; 5 7 5 7UWi78+MK+ 5 e; 5E
5 E 'e >; 5 b;<>; 5 Wie; 5 C3^W 7 5 7UWii 5 ;$< E :87 5 787G+: 5 ;) 5 7U; 5 5 W
E 7G>7U E ;$ E 'e%:8g z;$ e'; E t+MK78W<:GK+VWi E 78 E +e%:U7b7 5 M.>W< E 78+MK 5 eLp
; 5%E 5 W E +Wie%:GK+&;M'.eR+W}C&O 5 + E5 VZ 5 73g$>W)M 5 Vd; 5&E +R.e%:G:G78>U9 5 ;$
7 5 78W<
b[7S^gK
SXdb[7`
^gK`
^ 5 78; 5 5 W E 78+78 EE 'e:U:8'> E ;(7UWi:8'> ; V 5 :G78>U9 5 ]`t+7G +.:8W<>e:8
X ++5E
++.:8I1+MXC fZ5 78]+W}V%g$ E :8 RW+787 53E +Wie:8' 5 V% 5 E V$t+M 5 W<+e +W V 5 1M 5 7FR E ; 5
XH X ++
Xc?
78J'e;$+g$7@RW 7G7UI3;$>1 E +7dRW e W<>7 5 'e%:G>.7 5 CZ=T 5 5 ;$ E >7dRWib+g$7G EGE T 5 +Rv 5
78 E RMH:U; 5 ]b; 5 :G' 5 C
eLM' E E +Wie:8'>]< +.:8;$iWie+'78 E +W<+M'9e%:8 J 1 E RLM'._NS+T 5 ;7G1 5 78 E .ep
:8:GK+&W 5%E :878;e 5 + :8RM 5 q V 5 R E *vVkW<N;$'e%:GRW E8E > 5 L>M'781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+C
eM. E E +Wie%:GK+;$>1 E >7);$'1 ';';>W E E C=^ E :8}> :GRM 5 Vd.e'+'M.W<+e%:8V E +7U
;$ E +R$:GK; 5<5 I
5 78Y%R ;$ EGE );$.1 E T 5 V$+W E >RK;V%W 5%E :8787G>W 5%E )78'W)>.7U);$ E8E E E E V
+WY%R E MK E8E E ; 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8 E T 5 eM. E ; E C
9.1 Anlise semntica em fases

eM. E E >W<e%:GK+]78>M''_>;+W;$'1>7 E E E E V+;RWi;$+MK Ez5 $v*+:G'1e; 5
eLM' E ^;$ E t>: 5%E E LN . 5%E ; E >W<e%:GK+;M''eR>WCZ^W 5 e%: 5 E >7@;$ E :U+; 5
] Y%R +;RWib;$ EGE E E E ] +.:83 5 7@W<+ 5 ;$ RW E8E > 5 t+MK37G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>C l E : 5
E .e +#Y%R)+;< E )781 5 7G E 'e:U:8'>i]3t+7U 5 7G78';i0;; 5E E T 5 M'+1e%:8; 5E 7U
E +78+WR$:8.M''_>; 5E e0 E E >R'e%:GC
">
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)"N
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
m +78KWi E .e%:8+78 E8E e:8 E 0RL;$] E8E >W 5E 7GNM'._N7: 5 ;zeM' E E +Wie:8'>>WRWi
HeK+a E8E ;Idt+MKJ781 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+VRWi1+_aY%R`+;^ E F7G>78 E +e%:8^:G7UM.9 5 g :G7U
i+7G] E +.W 5 e 5 :8+W< 5 ;$i 5 W<'MKS+T 5 C l E : 5 VB 5 78]+W}VBeT 5 ]< 5E8E 1>M 5 R]VBe 5 W e.W 5 V
;$>W< E K; 5 5 W)M.K+; 5 C f 7U+e%:8+e;$>7GW 5%E5 I
5 78Y%R ;eN EGE ';;$;$ E8E ;$'1% E T 5
1W 5E R:G'M.'_>7 5 +g$+W<M 5 ; 5<E +R'e:8J7 5 7UWi
`&h=îXi
]^&d

`&h=îXi

781 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G#]}W 5E :G7U;e R7U-C."C^Wi&:G+e%:U:G'1;$
eLM' E 7a E :GJ7 5 78Wi E +78'0 5 7`W<+ 5 ;$JRWi<1% E H:U) 5E e E e E >R'e%:G 5 7U;$>W
"CF1 E .:8i 5 e" &m

CF1 E .:8i 5 eiV'e E >7G'e; 5 iMK E8E eL3:Ut+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E m
/CF1 E .:8i 5 e</m
LCF1 E .:8i 5 e)cm
oCF1 E .:8i 5 eio)J1+78 > E b;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$J178KI1+MP]J1M''; m

CF1 E .:8i 5 e< m
q$CF1 E .:8i 5 e<<J'e E +78J+M' EGE e0:8L>M'i;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E m
CF1 E .:8i 5 e"N C
\7 5 M.>Wi3]bY%RJe 5 .:G+W o$V1+78 +7 E Ji;>MK7US>T 5 ;)1I7GKI1>ML]M'+%MXV 5 e E E :G

+W1+78 +7û}>e%:G78 5 R$:G7U E 5 E E u E 5 :G' 5 ;z178'I1+Mg$ E :GC fZ5 78]+W}Vye 5 :8p E )Y%R
i1 E .:8z 5 eoi]b >H:Ue:8 E YR 5 ei:8+e9 E K; 5 1 E .:8; 5 )#MK E8E 'e E +78';#e
:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C
f 7U E5 M.R+ 5 e7i EGE 7 5 M.>W<Va :8R78+W 5%E eLM' E E >Wie%:GK+>W ;$RL E E E
;$ E :8.e%:U E V+;RW<;$>M' E 5 WRW 5 $v*+:G'1 5 ;$. +78+e%:GC) 78.W<>.7UL7Uz 5 M'9+7J'e$ 5 7Gp
WiS EÊG5 783 E MK E8E E ;$>+M'78; E 3 E +Re;i78<78>M.'_>7î1>7G >S+T 5iE >W<e%:GK+
7 5 78KW<+e%:GJ;$.:8Ck?de%:8T 5 V 5 7U;$+W; 5 L E8E > 5iE +78'
j E <"
"CF1 E .:8i 5 e" &m

/CF1 E .:8i 5 e</ m
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"
!)">/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 /x) X X
@0[+Z wx36`*d*^P `@ "
K yZ!
99%&Z! K yZ!
%K 9y !!Z! 99%%Z!
K y! %2 9y !!Z!
$ y&%!
%K K y!
$ yZ!
%K
|
j['R7U0C." u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
LCF1 E .:8i 5 e)cm

oCF1 E .:8i 5 eiom
CF1 E .:8i 5 e<m
q$CF1 E .:8i 5 e<<J'e E +78J+M' EGE e0:8L>M'i;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E m

CF1 E .:8i 5 e"N C
j E b$
"CF1 E .:8i 5 e" &m

CF1 E .:8i 5 eim
/CF1 E .:8i 5 e</m
LCF1 E .:8i 5 e)cm
oCF1 E .:8i 5 eio)J1+78 > E b;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$J178KI1+MP]J1M''; m

CF1 E .:8i 5 e<m
q$CF1 E .:8i 5 e<m
CF1 E .:8i 5 e"N C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)"+
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
A66

465 W E8E } 5 78;>WV[ 5 1>7G >7Gp E )}1M.K;;#;;$NMK7US+T 5 ;}1I7GKI1>M V
:G>W)p E 3: 5 ;z.e 5 78W<S+T 5 eN E8E 78' EG5 7G)z+M' EGE Y%R v# 5 ZeM' E ;#).e E >7GK;
e0:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C
E8E 'W}Va:G>e 5 ep E _>+7 5 WY%R>;L E8E > 5 e,7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+, 5 M'9'e$ 5 7Gp
WiS E E t> H > E 1+78 Y%R E LN : 5%E 7:8'+RMK78 E ; E +Wie%:GK+C[M.]>W;$ EGEG5 V ;$+t+ep
;$>e; 5 ;$^Y%R EkE T 5 E8E E E LN : 5E VeT 5 ]èN EGE 78 5 1 E .:87dJ7G1 5 78@: 5 ;VL>e E 7:8
;$>M'CF= 5 g$+W<M 5 Y%Rb+LW 5E ;$31+7NVL<7G'W<+'78) E 3;ieM. E 5 ;$+78K E >7'e:8+7Gp
7 5 W<K;}7U}RW ;$+:G+78W<.eL; 5 7UW 5 ;7G1 5 78VRWi1>_#1>7G +; 5 Y%R EGE +i7UW 5
eT 5 5E8E R 5 R$:878 E ;$>+M'78S E ;$MK E8E E CZ EGE 'WV 5 ;$>7 W 5E 7G>1 '7F) E <"J7U
"CF1 E .:8i 5 e" &m

/CF1 E .:8i 5 e</ m
LCF1 E .:8i 5 e)cm
oCF1 E .:8i 5 e<m
CF1 E .:8i 5 e<<J'e E +78J+M' EGE e0:8L>M'i;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E m

q$CF1 E .:8i 5 e"N C
R E vVaRWi1>_}Y%R 5 e,eLT 5 5E8E Rè+e9 RW M'9 5 e 5 Y%RM^ 5E8E W +g E :G'7
;$NMK7US E ;^MK E8E E e'e9; E VeT 5 9(eN EGE ';;$`;$^ 5 e%:G'e R7dJeLM' E E >W<e%:GK+
L.g 5 ;$ EGE JeC
= E 7GIg$'Wi E[E NS EZE +7U;$ E +7G.:8(7G'W<+'78 E `; eM' E E >Wie%:GK+ 7U 5 5 W)p
'M'; 5 7 5 E
++ V'e;$K+e; p ^YRL
EdE T 5 E 'e$ 5 78WiS E 5 M.+:8; E E RJ'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 C
X
9.2 Anlise da declarao de classes

? E :8-7G'W<+'78 E ;&eM' E E +Wie:8'>}] E :Ue%:G E 'W<M. E C m +R 5 $v*+:G'1 5 ]78'73
:8L>M'i; E W3 5 M 5E beM' E 7î7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+ J 7 5 R7U<; E ;$>+M'78S E ;$b+M' EGE E C
4 ;)+M' EGE (+e 5 e%:G7U;0]J.e E >7GK;)e0:8L>M'i;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C
781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+aeLT 5 78>+ E E >7 5 W)M.+:8W<>e:8kL>78 5 787GK;V EG5 W<+e%:G 5%EBE +R E e 1+ E
?& H7D CB? C'A6D o CE HD

Wi E M.: 5%E C eM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:GK 5 'e'+'}eM' E )e}78._<;7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+VY%R
E +W<78`]RW EGE êb 5 ;$ 5 e%:G>7dRW M'9 5 Y%R;$+:G>7GW<'e
J;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$aRWiMK E8E C 5 >e 5 e:8787:UM$eLV 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie:8' 5 ;+1a'eM'R'7d
C'AD o CE HD
MK E8E d 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8kea:8L>M';$ EG W0 5 M 5%E e 5 e 1+M%Wi E MH: 5 V 5 W< E W 5 5 e%:GN>e; 5
5 W 5E ;+Wi E e E Y%RJ78+78 E +e%:8W E +M' EGE E ;$Wi E M.: 5 e 1>M{C
C'AMD o EC HD 5E8E R

C
A H< H7D VUY%RVN C
A D o CE H7D
eM. E E +Wie:8'>V 5 78]+W}VeLT 5 ;$+1a7U7Z 5 7d CZ^We
5 W 5a M.9 5 RW e 5 7 E Ra1>_VN 5 ;$k:8+7RW 5 R$:G7 5
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G0zRWi}MK E8E <e.e9L;C0 E8E .W}V> EG5 EGE 0e+g$ E :8V 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E +p
Wie%:GK 5 ;$>1(7 5%EGE +R'76)eM. E (78 5E e 1+ E .e +78 5 7G E V :8](Y%RJeT 5 +eL 5 e%:87G(RWi
MK E8E ê'e9;CZ>1:8W0L]>W :G+7 5 R';; 5 ;$ .e E >7G'76 E MK E8E E e.e9; E e3 E :G78R$p
:GR78 ;=<>?AB:CD ;$>Y%R;VèLT 5 e;$è 1>M$Wi E M.: 5 C 465 W 5 1 E : 5 e 5 + :8RM 5 V+;
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA s@ X D
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 /x) X X
@0[+Z wx36`*d*^P `@ /
MK E8E (eL3:Ut+MKi;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E 5%EGE R E R)7878' ;=<>@?AB:CD V 5 eL;$b E +M' EGE E e.e9; E
;$>1+W E >7`.e E +78K; E C
=^ EGE E &;eM. E E +Wie:8'>V EG5 W<+e%:G&RW :8. 5 ;+787 5E +Wie:8' 5 5 ;$ E >7
;$+:G>:8; 5 BY%Re; 5 RWi`MK E8E dYRPva 5 ; eK;è RW;$:8+78W<.e; 5 E 5 5 ]k78>; eK;C
E8E .W}V 5iE +R.e%:G(:87GNU9 5 ;7 5 7UWib]JM'+%M
`&h=îXi`&h=î=i }

`&h=îXi^[b[XQ^=a7^

`&h=îXi`&h=î=i ~

`&h=îXi^[b[XQ^=a7^

yo C'AK
o C'A2
fZ5 78]+W}V 5 E +R.e%:G@:G78>U9 5 ]@'e%1M.K; 5 VI 5 E MK E8E e'e9;` E :U`7GN;$ e.eL; 5
RWi<MK E8E vi;$ e';0eLY%R+M'J E 5 5 C
`&h=îXi`&h=î=i }

`&h=îXi`&h=îXi }

9.3 Implementao
C
A c D o2e
cD>AcAMC<
eM' E E +Wie%:8'>}e E :G#e 1+M@].W<M'+W<+e%:U;t+MK+M' EGE 5 5 :G
Ckê%:G E ;$b'eKK7<1 E .:8<t+M 5E e E ;#781 5 7GV 5 5 W).MK; 5 7 ;$+1
5 v*: 5 ;$ E8E `+M' EGE kVI>e:UT 5 V>R$:8.M''_>prM 5 eèLM' E VI 5 W
X ++
5 5 >H: 5 5 W^g$.'S>T 5
78K7BRW
;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+)e 5 + :8RM 5 q$C
= 5 7 5 7UWibC."V 1+W 5%E E ;$NMK7US E 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a;3+M' EGE C@ 5 e E :G78R$: 5 76] 5
78 E 5 e E I1+MPt+MKi78'S+T 5 ;):Ut+MKi;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E 78'e; 5 RW 5 $v*: 5 ;=<>@?AB:CD C
;$J:G' 5
^M']+W ;$ EGEG5 V>+M'd'e'+'M.'_> 5 5 e%:8; 5 7B;$k>7G7 5EyE +Wie:8' 5E k'e E +78VNeF:8L>M'`;$ E W3 5 M 5E V
; 5 E E W3 5 M 5E YR378+78 E +e%:8W 5%E :G' 5E E ' 5E ;#M'.eR+W}V 5 R E vV 5E :G' 5%E c^
* XC
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^ G >= H =Y%^ Z ^ 9:;%<:=?>= EB D

\ >n;&: ^&U> = Y B
_ Z K K O G
d Z >n;&: K ^& HK =L K6Z LU: GG B
e n Y LALQYQ=^Q^PYQ=^Q^% L
g JO Z N6G j
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

,
!)">
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
h n% U:>; K = OL Y Gt =&UZb>HK == O YY G : = Y RR KR=RtO6G=&nY%=; [G= >;&:t= Z n6^P=Q:==SY K ;= H =&p G YYQ=cLQ;%::
i KGa; K GQ[ >= K O LUG ::J;%:CK O G HK [ K O6G G&HKG
k ZbHK JH[ G HKZ
Frq n Y LtYQ=^Q^% L yE{
FuF JO Z N6G j
Fr\ :Q >n6Y
Fr_ HK Z Gtj
F|d a; >= LU::;&:m`Ps
Fre JH[ G HK6Z
Frg = `ZbHK = OSY G ` :H6G c>n%UY > K y?=l O Y G l%y{{ RRRAR L&: Z^ = : K = OG nYQ=T;^ n: ZbH^ L ZLQn;=^ Y =AY < =Q< >
Fh j = H6=G Y HBu=K y Z { G ZbHK ZbH G GtKZ O6 Z [ ZbH J G
Fri `ZbHK OSG [Q:[ j >nY y?lU^ : <l%{
Frk j H6G HK Z G K ZbH
\uq = ZbHK = O Y G Bu= [Q[ y j {
\F
C
A c D o ?
C'A D o2 C'AM D o C c ?U HXD
5 W<'M'; 5 7`R:G'M.'_> 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 VW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi3C VY%R
'e'+'zi1 E .:8U9LWie; 5 78i78._3;781 5 7G E .ep
:8:GK+i31+78 + E 3M'RW+787 5#E >W<e%:GK 5 5 [+eL 5 e%:878; 5 Ca^M']+W ;$ E :GVtMK E8E 5E8E R
RW W)]+: 5 ; 5 78}+;:G' 5 ;$ie} E +7beM' E ; 5 C# 7 5 78WiCW 5%E :878z:UW3t]+W
c?& HD5 e;$+;)+M'+W<+e%: 5

5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 YRz+ :GRL 5 :G7U:8W<+e%: 5 7 5 78'W)>e%:G;$.: 5 ;-78._;&7G1 5 78VkY%R]RW
;)M' E :8)78+78 E +e%:U3RWi<MK E8E C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ YQ=^^& N6G L j 6;; K yr Z ^ K 9:; ;%[<G :=?v>{ = K% N B: ;U^t G >= HK6Z Lbv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ : = Y ` = = Y
_ JY%=K^^%O G L Y%=^Z?HÛK OLQY&G ^ 6; yuv{RRK =RQO6RAG YQL =M=b>L%=S;%::= G&HKY G ^ `Tnn6:=Q:Z?H=tL :Z n6= =VY = :p;%:
d NG j G Z K [G N H6 Z G Z [ G
e Z a-yua; JQ:H;U[ G >=cHK6 Z >Lb= ::;%:LUv6u`tL ns6{T;RRAyua^ ;GoN ; J p >GA= G ::L&; ::YQ;%= :H %=f G v6L G ;
g K%N H6G G HKZ G K6Z loH >JQ= H[ G LoH:K6:Z;%:^Pa; yrn =^ DQ{l%{
h G HK6Z JH[ N G
i
k
Frq n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ YQ=^^& N6G L j YQ=^^b G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G y Z ^ K 6; [G v{
FuF
Fr\ Z a-:QMyuvA `` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
Fr_ K YQ=^Q^% L YQ=^QÛ LQYU6; y
yYQ=^Û L%Y&6; {tv/B ; {
F|d N6G j G [G G [G H [G
Fre L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
Frg PKRRAN ^ G > HK::Z ;S;LQG;%:QK6: Z HzG=S= Y ^ =MLQY%=^^
Fh RR [GT J=> GG&H ^&=Q< G >>G&=JA^THa=QVSH6=t = H6Z GtY Z [^ G n6=%:=TnG :x&v Z >=cLQY%=^^ G
Fri %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^%=%< y{{
Frk a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H::K ;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
\uq
\F Y%=^^% L Y%=^Û LQY& ^ 6; yuv/B v {
\u\ NG j G Z K [G HG K
\u_
Y%R m C'A D o2 C'AM D o C ?U HD
_`]Ù9W<7 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%RF:G7U:U(;(+M' EGE
d1+78 >7 E @RW>7G7 5 5 +e 5 e%:G7U; 5 C 4 E5 :8+e9 E K; 5 >e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 >W).:G6RWi
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA s7 X D%'
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 /x) X X
@0[+Z wx36`*d*^P `@ o
W<+e E +W}Vt.e+7G>W<+e%:8 5 5 e:U; 5 7;$0+787 5%E ) 5 e%:G'e R# 5 W eLM' E b78# E ;$>Wi E
c?& HD C
MK E8E E VU9Wie; 5 p E 078>+R7 E '1IW<+e%:GVy E8E e; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 55 78 E : 5 +R;%J; 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 C'A D o2 C'AD o C H7D :G7U:8-;;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;zRWiMK E8E C m R
ReS>T 5 ]1+78 >7 E e 5 E 5 5 5 7G78+e%:86v<+g$ E :GRWii+M' EGE 5 W E8E Je 5 W<V>e%:8T 5 V
: 5 Wi7i:G.:GR;$0;$+1 K;d'e E +78HprMK<e):8L>M'#; E W3 5 M 5E V+W + E5 e>:G'1 5 V 5 R}M'eS+7
RWi)gNS+T 5 V +W+ EG5 5%E .:G'1 5 C[? E :8bW<]: 5 ; 5 ]JW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi3C /C
78.W<+'7US+T 5 e EGE }W<]: 5 ; 5 ] E M'17 55 $v*+: 5 ;=<>@?AB:CD 5 7G78+e%:GC2:Ut+MK
5 7G78+e%:8`]^7G E 5 e E I1+M 5 7F78W<_+>e7 5%E@EG W0 5 M 5%E ;b+M' EGE 5 7G78+e%:8C l e'+'M.W<+e%:8V%e 5
12
e 1>MLWi E M.: 5 V :Ut+MK3 5 787G>e:8^] Y%R+MK3+7GK;be 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 76;$ EGE b+M' EGE V 5 e; E T 5
X?Q=< C'A6
'e E >7GK; 5%E65%E :G' 5E E K 5%E b E MK E8E E ;$e 1>MBWi E g :G>7Ge 5 C Re; 5 i;>MK7US>T 5 ;$
RWi+M' EGE b]0+e 5 e%:G7U;#e7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>VtRWi#e 5 1#>e%:G7U;#; 5 :G' 5
]i'e E >7GK;}e:Ut+MK 5 7G78+e%:GCAB>W378p E <;Y%RiRWi; E 178'I1+ E ; E8E }>e:878;]
RW ;=<>@?AB:CD 7U78Wi_>+e7 5E3EG W3 5 M 5E ;7GN]+W)pw;$>+M'78;}MK E8E C
5 R:G7 55 $v*+: 5
^M']+W;$ EGEG5 VZ 5 W 5 eM. E E >W<e%:GK+}7 5E8E >R<e 5%E e E G;$+e%:G7 5 i;;$NMK7US>T 5 ;
MK E8E V 5 e 5 1 5^5 $v*: 5n;=<>?AB:CD ;$+16L E8E 7 E +7Z:8t+MK( 5 7878+e%:GVN;$FW 5 ; 5 Y%RFe 5 1 5E
EG W0 5 M 5%E6E *vW.e E >7GK; 5E e E :U3e 5 13:8L>M'<Y%RJ 5 7878 E 5 e;$ J MK E8E E +e; 5 eM' E ;C
5) eMB; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V 5 1M 5 7ae%:G' 5 ;)1I7GKI1>MU :?A7B:CD ]J78>+RL>78; 5 V$;$J 5 7GWi)Y%R
e 5 1 E ;$NMK7US EaE >78T 5 + :GRL; E e0:8t+MK<;$e 1>M E Rt+78 5 7NC
D 5 W<+W 5E 5 W 5 +g >W<M 5 781 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+; R78zC'"C3 5 7U;$>W ;$01 E .:8; 5%E
e EÈ >7GK0 XH
E +R.e%:8< 5E e W<>7 5%E 'e;$K+W 5%E e EÈ +e; 5 1 E .:8; 5E

C'A D o ? "N

C'A D oK C'AD o C ?& HXD *"N

C'A D oK C'AD o C HXD {
=^ EGE 5 e%: 5 Va-:8L>M',;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 78 E +e%:U- 5 7GWiW 5E :G7U;-e R78CC
?de%:8T 5 V#+e%:G7U;<;i+M' EGE ]b'e E +78';<eL):8t+MKi;$ EG W3 5 M 5E V E8E e; 5 E +7^ E :Ui
MK E8E ) 5 787G>e:8Vy;$>1+eL; 5E R:8L>M'};$ EG W0 5 M 5%EJE >7JY%R+MKR E ;L7U'e E +78.7Je 5 1 5E
C'A D oK C'A H< HXD

EG W0 5 M 5%E CdO E .:GRS+T 5 W 5%E :878;)e R78<CY%Rt+78W<H:83Y%RbieM. E E >W<e%:GK+
5E8E z7 5E8E >R'7( 5 W U9W<; i ;$iWie+'78 5 7G78:UC
5 78: 5 78e7(;$ E8E U9W<;Vy E .:GRS+T 5 ;#:8t+MK;$ EG W3 5 M 5E ])YR+MK#W 5E :G7U;#e
R783C'">CZ E8E J 5 7GWiV 5 5 e%:8.e R76beM' E E +Wie%:8'>V 5 76g$+W<M 5 V 5 W 1 E H:U
5 e#V$:G>W)p E e 5 1W<+e%:8J):Ut+MKi;$Wi E M.: 5 e 1>M 5 W 5 5 787G>e%:GJb<.e E >78S>T 5 ;
MK E8E e 5 5E : 5 v*R E : 5 C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ YQ:=;&^6^&^tN6G L >j = YQ=^^bLUGv6LQL Y&9n :; ;%[<G; :y=?>YQ= =^ ÛBu@ G LY&6; [G v{
\ K%N G HK6Z G KZ H
_ %U> = Y >n ;Y `t : = Y RR^&=Y%p=S=Un; = ;%:tnR = YQ=cL%;%::
d K:QOYQGS=^QK^ G LN [ J K O G HK [ K 6O G G&HKG
e HK H
g
h Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
i RRn:;L :=cLQYQ=^^ = = Y%=
k J GPH K O6G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)">
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
Maintable Curtable Maintable

0 int 0 int
Curtable
1 string 1 string
Prx. livre
2 Prx. livre 2 A
(a) (b)
Maintable Curtable
0 int
1 string
2 A
3 Prx. livre
(c)
j['R7U)Cu l e E +7US+T 5 ;J+M' EGE Je0:8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C
Frq H LX`y HK :Y%=^^{P J : K = O Y G BLQYQ=^Q^& ZbH[ nyuv/B H =b> G B Z >=Q< G {

FuF a-y L-` YY{TRR QP[G LQYQ=%:= [ = Q6
Fr\ Z H HJ
Fr_
F|d K%N :;U H6l?GcYQ=^ G^
>=l?HftKvCZ LUB v6=b>L G n B K6>Z ;=QH< yuv/f
B H =bl> G=Y% : = LQYQ=Q: l%{
Fre H G Z G G [ [G G%[
Frg
Fh RR LQY LQYQ=^Q^ = = YQ=cL%;%::
Fri J : KZbH= O Y JG Z Bu= [[ y H LSGT` H H6G tK O6 HG K :YQ=^G&^Hyuv/KG B H =?> G B Z >=Q< G J : K = O Y G {{
Frk J : K = O Y G ` H LB H6G ^ KG%[ RR K = O6G YQ=ALQ;%:: GUHKG ` K = O6G YQ= [ =MLQYQ=^Q^ G
\uq Y%=^^% NG L j Y%=^Û6; [ Q6; [G yuv/B O ; [ {
\F J : K = O Y G ` KG >n N ;Y [ RRP: G L J n G :=A=&n; HK = [ ;%:tn6R K = OG YQ=cLQ;%:Q: G&HKG
\u\
\u_
?dW E >RK;VeJM'.e9Li"> V1>7G +p E E è 5 E 5 5 5 7G78+e%:G[vJ+g E :G`RWib+M' EGE ` 5 W
;=<>?AB:CD o C'A!J/QKHb&N

5 W< E W 5 e 5 W<3;+M' EGE E +e; 5 ;$>+M'78;C`? EGE i7 5 R7Ui] >H:U# 5 7(W)> 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi#C C0? EGE )W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$>1)7G E t+.:87J E
78+7U E ;$ E 5 5 ;<M''eR>WCk R E >3 Re 5 e<; E +R.e%:8 5 7GWi
"CF'eKKM'W<+e%:GV 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 7 5 R78i#+M' EGE e#:8t+MK# 5 787G>e:8# 5 R E vVt1+78 + E

eLiMK E8E J 5 7G78+e%:G(g$ E :8JRWiiMK E8E J 5 W E8E (e 5 W<N m
Ca> EG5 eT 5 :8+e9 +eL 5 e%:878; 5 VU9W<7GNR7 E .1W<>e:8@ L E Y%R E R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 `:Ut+MK
;(e 1+M E RL>7G 5 7NV 5 R E *vV$Y%R+MK07G+ +78+e%:G J +M' EGE RWe 1+MPWi E g :G>7Ge 5 {+ EG5
>M'<+g$ E :8% C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q-
!)">
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 /x) X X
@0[+Z wx36`*d*^P `@ %q
c?Q=< C'A6
:?=<7; >"NKCD
R78e:8&R E >-eL:Ut+MK; EG W3 5 M 5E V E5 W<+e%:G+e%:G7U; E ; 5 :G' 5
+M' EGE <3:8. 5E 'W<M' E VB7G E t>:G'1W<+e%:GI E T 5 5 e E ';$>78; E C3 'W)M.+p
W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;$ E8E 3W)]+: 5 ; 5 VLe7GNM'';;$VL;$ e0 E 78+78 E ;$3 E 5 5 7UiR$:8.M'._NS>T 5 ; E
MK E8E E C?dWRW;:G>7GW<'e; 5 5 e%: 5 ; 5 7 5 78W<V E T 5 + E8E 1> E : 5 ; E E MK E8E E ;$ p
eK; E eL)+M' EGE 5 7G78+e%:G((: 5 ; E ;$ e'; E +WMK E8E E ;$Je 1+MBWi E +g%:8+78e 5 C
F n JO Y Z LT HK :Q= O Y G LQYQ=^Û ZbH[ Qny 9K :: ;%Zb<H :<c=?>v= { B
\ :Q= Y nA` ;bn
_ HK O G K
d RRn6=Q:=cL&= = Y > ; = = YQ=cLQ;&::
e Y yrnu[` G YY6G { G&HK [ K O6G G&HKG
g NZ G HJ
h RRTp G : Z a Z L%=c^ G J >= G&HK := [ = [G LQYQ=^Q^ G ; JMKZ n;A^ Z >nY G ^
i RR GtG&HK ;SLQ;?>n6=%:=M; H ;> G
k
Frq Z aytyyrn TZbH n^ K B = H=b> L G ;%B aS H=YK :^yuvYQ{={ ^^{ ]] y|n ZbH ^ K = H L G ;&aS HK : Z >nY G {{
FuF : G%K%J H: H n/G GQI%J
Fr\ nM`TnB H6G v K RRXn:x%v Z >= GUHK := [ =
Fr_
F|d a-yY p Y n
`` YY6{XRRA^ ;t=L ; S; &p Y>= ^ v : ;
Fre Z : G G : J YQYH J RRT:GTH;%: = N JcYY G H G Z G KG H
Frg GQK%J HSHJ G%K H HQJ
Fh RRn:;L := ; &p Y>= ^ v : ;
Fri : : JY p HY n H B > G = Y Z BLQYQ=G ^ÛKG H Qnyuv{
Frk G%K%J H G G J K O G ZbH[
\uq
?Q=< C'A6
5 M.:8e; 5 5 7 5 7UWi C V1+W 5E Y%R E +M' EGE `]`+e 5 e%:G7U;V>e:UT 5 RWiJ+g$+>S>T 5
:?=< C
A
]MKeLS+;C 4 EG5 5 e%:G7U78 5 V78'p E ^RWi3e 5 1b+e%:878; 7833MK E8E ^ EGE
+e%:878;]'e E +78';e:Ut+MK3 5 787G>e:8CZ= 5 :G Y%R 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 76;$ v3+RK;
;&<>@?ABCD Cz=
C'A H< HD V
;+7GKS>T 5 ;$zRWe 5 1 5}5 v*: 5 M'.e9L- V E :Ue 5 1:8L>M': 5 7Gep E i
:8L>M'< 5 787G>e:8JJieM' E 5 e%:G'e%RL3e 5 eq M'9 5 ; 5 e# 5 787G>e:8V 5 E
]Je+M'bY%R 5 ;+W78>++7 5 R$:878 E ;$>+M'78S E ;$MK E8E E C
= 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%RzeM. E }RW g C'A H<6 HD 5 5 7G 5 ;+M' EGE NV+g$ E :G EG5 W<>e:8
RWi(U9Wi;^78 5^ M'9 5 YRF 5 e%:G]>WM' E :8(;$aMK E8E E e'e9; E VI 5 e$ 5 7GW<6W 5%E :878; 5
e 5 7 5 78W<0Co$C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ YQ=^^& N6G L j YQ=^^b6; [ Q9:; ;%[<G :y=?>YQ= =^ ÛB ; [ Q6; [G v{
\
_ Z a-Y%=^yuvA^% `` L HJY%Y=Y6^{Û: GQLQK%JY&: H ^ 6; yuv/BLY ^ {
d NG j G Z K [G Z K
e
H
? EGE EaE T 505E eK 5E e E YR 78>+ E W E +76:G7U:U; 5%E e E :807G'W<+'78b E (;0eM' E
E +Wie%:GK+C m T 5 +M' E Y%R^ 5E8E R+W 5 Ri E :UT 5 +WRW >W<.e9 5 Y%RM'+1RWib;>MK7US>T 5
;$(MK E8E C[ 5 eMP;$ E8E ( E V b E :G78R$:8R783;$^:Ut+MKb;$ EG W3 5 M 5E V+W :8+78W 5%E ;$(MK E8E E
;$NMK7U; E e 5 7 5 7UWiV% E :878) 5 W)M.+:8W<>e:8JW 5 e%:8;C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
9.4 O programa principal

fZ5 7 W}V]F78>+ EG5 MH:8+7U7 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 78.eL'M$; 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7Z78 YRF>M.a+g NR$:8
l>MA5 e;$ C'A6 D o

E :Ge 1+Mt;eM. E E >Wie%:GK+C l E8E5 ]` >H: 5 V 5 W 5 ;$ 5%E :8RW<V%M.:G+7UeL; 55 7UY%R'1 5 C v vC
7 5 78W<C 3W 5E :G7U 5 :87GNU9 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ](+7GK; 5b535 $v*: 5
M''e9}"> %6('eKK;<)78.W<>.7U0 E J;)eM' E E +Wie%:GK+ M''e9}"N C
F RQRPp G : Z a Z L%=c^ G n; [G ;Un G :=%:

9^Q:; ;%O <: :G =?>= = :Bup ;&: G ^ ZbHKQK6Z L&=
\ Z ayn6=%fX:6n6^ G=Q:/:6^ B K :/; j6BG&LQH; ^Q9; J=Q::6L^ G Ba::; J;&H:[ `G `PvQs:{ :;%:yE{
_ G HK G
d ay|n: : {PRR v :M= :p;%:
e Z ZbHK K GG G Z?OZ G
g 9: : n: ` S9: : yE{
h n: KZbHB|nK : ZbHGKG ;; KK yu:;H6; KG { ZbHK RRAGGL N =?>=o> K ; [ ;Tn6=Q:= Z >n: Z > Z : :Qp;%: G
i
k YQ=^^% N6G L jcK LP` H6G MY%=^^% NG L j yE{
Frq
FuF K :A LBuYQ=^^% L ;; yu:;; {
Fr\ K%6^ >B; N6G B|nj: KY yl?sK >= L ::;%:ta; l%{
Fr_ KG JK Z?HK H G HK6Z G JH[
F|d L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
Fre K N G HK6Z G K6Z HG
Frg %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: ZbHK Y H y G B< GQKQG ^^%=Q< G y{{
Fh
Fri
Frk
f 7U E :8^+ :8RM 5 5 78W'eM'R ; 5E e 5 ;.78:878 5 92 5%E 5 :8 E !
L^
!#5.
Cd^M']+W; E8E5 V 5 7UYR.1 5 C v v6 5 M.:G>78; 5 V$ 5 W 5 ;$ E 78H: 5 eL E NS+T 5 C C
5%E Vy:UW0L]>WV[e 5 ;$'7G+:G7G 5

!N9:L #
465 M 5 +W RW<}17GKS>T 5 W0R.: 5E .W<M' E ; 5 7 5 p
7UWi ++Vke 5 Y%RM E T 5 ;$>+M'78; E M'RWi E MK E8E E e'e9; E Y%R78>;$ e+W E
c*b VL>78e; 5 V$ EGE .W}V$RW+787 5<E +Wie%:GK 5 Ck78 E RMH:U; 5 ] 5iE >R'e%:G
MK E8E E
`^T X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXd\=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ } Z

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXdX\c=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ } Z ZZZ

! & [7S^`S:b=` dXd\&diX\X[a
a b[_ }~ `\7hf[ } U h=îXigb'[7SXd_X_^Xhd_X^=a a7_`&h&^&d_=a
a b[_ Q} `\7hf[ ~X U h=îXia7^S^^7hd_X^&a a7_`&h&^&d_=a
!~ _f:^[XS:b=` d=d\&di7\X[a TXQî_ }
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)$"
i i
Captulo 10
Anlise Semntica
Segunda Parte
=^ E :8#+ :8RM 5 V7G E >e:U78+W 5E E >ReL;7G:GV 5 R E >ReL;# E V;}eM' E E +p
Wie%:GK+C@=^>M'V E +7UT 5 eM. E ; 5E M.Re E E t> : 5E 78 >7G>e%:G E KJ 9>78eS+)>e:87Gb E MK E8E E
;$NMK7U; E z:8W0L]>W E ;$NMK7US E ; E 178KI1+ E VZ; 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E } 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E ; E
MK E8E E C
10.1 Anlise da hierarquia de classes

= 5 + :8RM 5 1%'W 5E 5 W 5 7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+^]6R$:G'M'._N; 7U`W 5 e%:U7Z^ E :G78R$:8R78 E K+
;<:Ut+MKi;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E b1+78 >7î7G E >eS+i;$3+787 5%E V 5 W 5 <78>;$NMK7US+T 5 ;3MK E8E E
+W E 5 5%E eLT 5 L>7GW<.:GK; 5E C#^W E LN : 5 ;;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$#MK E8E E V 5 e:8R; 5 VBeT 5 5
I
1>7G >; 5 [< 5 >7 >eK3eL<R$:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ;<+M'R E RM' 8
C
2 ReL; 5 :G+W 5%E RWii;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$MK E8E 5 W 5
`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci

RW ; 5E E LN : 5E 5 YRLM;+1>W I
5E :8+7:G>eS+T 5 ]@`g$ E : +e+'`;^MK E8E C 465 W 5 +W
eT 5 :878M'9W 5%E 5 W MK E8E E g :G>7Ge E V+M' EGE :G>W Y%R# E :U7 E +e; 5
X ++
5 W<'M';
5 W+M' EGE C fZ5 78]+W}V 5 ;$78>++7ke%:G EZ5 Ri;$> 5 E ; C fZ5 7k E8E5 VeJ78'W)>.7U E
;zeM. E E >Wie%:GK+eT 5 ]3 5E8E 1>M{V 5 R E >7GK#Wi E ;$H 'MXVB7GNM'._N7`:UMZ1>7G >S+T 5 C m
];$>+M'78;3;$> 5 E ; V 5 eM. E 7a);>MK7US>T 5 ;$ V$eT 5)E +78'0 5E8E 1>M E t+7 E
](;>MK7U; 5 ReT 5 CZ0e E :8 E +Re;b E VY%ReL; 5 : 5 ; E E +M' EGE E E :8T 5 'e E +78'; E
e0:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E V$]( 5E8EG 1+My +:GR7a:8MB1>7G +S+T 5 C
^W 5 R$:87 5 E LN : 5 Y%Ri;$>1 E >7(1+78 +; 5 +W 7G>M'S+T 5 J 9.>7878Y%RK;<+M' EGE E ]i
I
g$ E : +e+'<;$;$NMK7US E '78+RM'7G E 5 W 5
`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci

`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci
`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci

i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA Dbs XQ
i i
$"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
Y%RJ]J.M'+%MXC[? EGE (:G' 5 ;$J7 5 M.>W<0eT 5)E +7Ub:878:8; 5 e E :80 E Je<eM. E E +Wie%:GK+C
l E : 5 5 78Y%RaJ 5 e E :U:US+T 5 ; 5 7 5 M.>W< E ( 5 ;$+78K E +7Z >H:U eL(;>MK7US>T 5 ;$ o[C E8E 'W}V
78 >7G'W 5E ;$K7b EGE 1>7G >S+T 5 7U} E E >R'e%:G#z 5 ;$>70 5 e%:U7 5 +787 5 v&e
eLM' E (;0;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$ C E8E 'W}V$e E :83 E V 5 :878:87a;$JRWi<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$MK E8E V
5 eM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:8' 53E 'W<M' E W)>e%:G^1+78 > E E Rt+7UMK E8E `+g E :G^( 5 e%:8RW >7G7 5
+W > EG5 e>:G'1 55 R- 5 W<M':8z>e%:G7U;z;z+M' EGE 3eL#:Ut+MKz;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E VP'e;$K+eL; 5
Y%RMB E R E RL>78+M' EGE C
f 7U} E :8 E +Re; E < 5 F;$ e';MK E8E x'A6 cD o%VBY%R E i.eKK; E +R'e:8
Wie>.7U
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^ G >= H =Y%^ Z ^ 9:;%<:=?>=DbsCBED

\ >n;&: ^&U> = Y B
_ Z K K O G
d Z >n;&: K ^& HK =L K6Z LU: GG B
e n Y LALQYQ=^Q^X=Q: L v ^tYQ=^^% L
g JO Z N6G j
G KG&H[ N6G j
h n Y LT=Q: L y{
i JO Z N6G j
k ^ n :CyE{
Frq J G
FuF
Fr\ n Y LPp; =Q: L 6;Q; y ^ 6; v{ :;&6^S >= LUvL n ;
Fr_ JO Z Z&[ NG j K Z K [G K%N G HK6Z G K6Z H
F|d Y%=^^% L 6;Q; yuv{ RRTa=%VA= Y ^ =^tLQYQ=^^ ^
Fre =%: NL G jYQ=^QÛK LQYU ^ ; yuv{ H6 Z GS[ G
Frg 6
N G j G Z K
[ G
Fh Z a-yua; JQ:H;U[ G >=cHK6 Z >Lb= ::;%:LUv6u`tL ns6{T;RRAyua^ ;GoN ; J p >GA= G ::L&; ::YQ;%= :H %=f G v6L G ;
Fri K%N H6G G HKZ G loK6 Z >H = JQLTH[:G:;&:6H^TK6Za; yrn =^ {l&{
Frk G HKZ JQH[ N GM
\uq
? E8E +M' EGE < E :G+eL;$#}MK E8E n C'A6 D o %Vy;$< 5 78Wi}YR<: 5 ; E E 178'I1+ E ;$+p
x'A D o ?
eK; E 5E8E W E +70R$:G'M'._N; E Y%RXC 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 E .W<M' E W<+e%:Gz.e 1 5 > 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7
; E RL>78+M' EGE 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ] 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R;$+1 E >7#U9Wi; 5 t+M 5
C'A D o ?
5 W<.MK; 5 7)7U&;$ E 7U7)-eM' E E +Wie:8'>C Y%R E8E W<]: 5 ; 5 _z]'e%1 5 +7)
x'A6 D oK C'A D o C ?b HXD

78.W<>.7U E #;eM' E E >Wie%:GK+,W)]+: 5 ; 5 VZ+ EG5 eT 55 5 7878W
+787 5E VN'eKK7d E +Re; E aU9LWie; 5 V EGE eL; 5 5 W 5
78RW)>e%: 5 07U'_;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>C
465 W 5 ;$ 5E :GRW<V E8E FW<]+: 5 ; 5 t+7U 5 7G78FbM. E :U;$^MK E8E E U9W<e; 55 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R
:G7U:U;$#+;}RWi;$>M' E C m #RW+787 5}5 5 7G78)+WM'RWi}; E MK E8E E V 5 5 e%:U; 5 7b;$
+787 5E ]J.e+7G>W<+e%:8; 5 J<eM' E 5 e:8.e R078 5 7G E : 5 ;)M. E :U<;$bMK E8E E C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L j Y%=^Û G LQY& Z 9^ :K ;%6<; :[=?G>=y Z Db^ sCK B 6 ; [G v{
\
d K :QM=Q : L YQ=^Û LQY&6; ymyuYQ=^^b LQY&; {Pv/B ; {
e N6G j G [G G [G H [G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

""
!)/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvnx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x<X1<[^P `@ ""
g L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {

h PKRRAN ^ GTJG > HG K::Z ;S;LQG;%:QK6: ZG&JAHzH G=S= H6 Y Z ^ Gt[ =MLQY%=^^ G
i RR [ => G&H ^&=Q< G >>=^Ta=QVS=t= H6 Y Z ^ G n6=%:=Tn:x&v Z >=cLQY%=^^ G
k %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^Q=Q< yE{{
Frq a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H::K ;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
FuF
Fr\ =%: N6G L j YQ=^QÛ G LQYU Z ^ K ; [G yuvCB H6G v K {
Fr_
F|d
k*vW 5%E 5 7U 5 Y%R(_ 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%RJ:878:8<;<;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$b>;)MK E8E C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L j :Y%=;U^Û^S G LQ>Y&6= ; 9[:G ;%LU<y:YQv6=?=>L ^=nÛ DbG sCL%; BuY&@ ; [G v{
\ K%N G HK6Z G KZ H
_ %U> = Y >n ;Y `t : = Y RQRS^%=Y&p= = YQ=MLQ;%:Q:
d K:QOYQGS=^QK^cG LXN` [ YY J K O G K O6G G&HKG
e HK :QYQ=^Q^ L HJ
g HK H
h
i Z a-a-yuyuvAv/B`^ ` n HJ: Y=bY6> {: GQuK%` J : H Y Y6{
k Z J G H G HJ
Frq RLPRP`-p G yr: Z a :Z L&=cYQ=^ G^^{t^ J n G :6: LQ=YQ=Y^^ G BLQaY%=; ^ZX^&[G a ZbHnZ&[ yv/= B^ n : =U> B >=Q< {
FuF HK J K O G Z?H[ J G H G Z G
Fr\ Z ayLT`` HJ YY6{PRRP GTH6 ;P=L N ; J ^ J n G :LQYQ=^^ G 6
Fr_
F|d K&N :;& H6G Mv/ G B>^ = Hn K6:Z Lb=b>v6L G B n >K6=QZ <; H yv/fB|nl ;^ Z&; K6Z ;aH ; tlbl%J{n G :6LQYQ=^Q^zlf
Fre J G H G Z G H K JQH[
Frg
Fh LX`y :Y%=^^{P : = Y BLQYQ=^Q^& nyuv/B =b> B >=Q< {
Fri H LB|n6=Q: HK ÀL RRAJ L%K;YO;L%=G = = ZbHYQ[=M;P=UnH ; G= Z;%:tnG RA^ n :6L%YQ=^^
Frk H GUHK H K OG HK [ J G G
\uq J=%::K = O YL G YQ` =H^QÛL6B H6; G %^ 6K;G%[ yv/RRB ;K = O6{G YQ =cLQ;&:: G&HKG ` K = OG YQ= [ =SLQYQ=^^ G
\F : N6= G Y j ` >n [ ;Y [ G RO RT[: L n := = YQ=cLQ;%::
\u\ J K O G KG N [ G J G K O6G G&HKG
\u_
I J ?=D >"N/ CH
NDc A
>D
l eKKM'W)>e%:GV`78 >7 >eK :8t+MK, 5 7G78+e%:8] E M'1e178'I1+M CQ?dW
E +R';V1+78 >p E E ^g$ E :8ê 5 e3 5 7G78+e%:G^;b781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+ 5 M.9 5 VY%R
#8& : J
;=<>@?AB:CDC o C'A6! J/E HEN
'e;$K+Y%R^JMKR E RMK a 5 R E ;C?dW > EG5 5%E .:G'1 5 V(+e%:G7U;J 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G
E RL>78+M' EGE ]J7 5 R7U;e3:8t+MK)R$:G'M'._Ne; 5)5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 VY%RV
5 W 5 1% E : 5 e 5 + :8RM 5 7G E t+.:8& E 78+78 E ;$ E 5 5 7U E MK E8E E C EGE .W}V E 5
7 5 78W<; 5 7J:8+e%:87<R$:G'M.'_>7) 5 W 5-E Rt+7UMK E8E zRWi-+M' EGE zY%ReT 5 5 `;$NMK7U; 5 R
Y%R3eLT 5 ]<+ E8E 1>Me 5 5 e:8g : 5 5 7G78+e%:GVtL E Y%R E iM'90RWigNS+T 5 ]0MKeS>;V
'e:8+787 5 W<L>e; 5 )eM' E E +Wie%:GK+0780: 5 ;) EGE <MK E8E C

4 EG5 E Rt+7UMK E8E E *v`>e 5 e%:G7U;V>`178KI1+M @ 5E8E R%^ 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:GZ+e%:G7U;ae
:8L>M'0;$ E W3 5 M 5E CZ?dW E >RK;V%0+e%:G7U;b 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8 J MK E8E E >e; 5 ;>MK7U;]
I JbE Rt+7UMK E8E C?
:?A7B:CD
7 5 R7U;(e:8t+MK 5 W<M':U; 5 WJ7G+ +7 +e+' E :G ]^ E K+W)>e%:G
: 5 ; 55 7 5 E8E W<+e%: 5 78>M.'_>; 5 L>M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C fZ5E :G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GVF1M 5 7;$
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"N
!)
i i
$"I àà BZ)*à@*<a
]:8RM''_>; 5 78Y%R E ;>MK7US E Y%R E >78T 5 eM' E ; E e 5E e E GHg 5 }; 5 e
x
A6 D o2 C'A6 H<6 HD
5 7G78+e%:8 E vW M'K+; E eL7G:G(;J:Ut+MK3;$ E W3 5 M 5E 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8^b E8E bMK E8E C
: ?AB:CD
W<]: 5 ; 5 ]b'e 1 5 +; 5 780:G7U:U7; 5 5 7G 5 ;#+M' EGE VLe 5
78: 5 7Ge 5 V 5 1IM 5 7^;$ ]J7G E :UR7U; 5 C
10.2 Anlise da declarao de variveis e m-

todos
=^ E :U E <;eM. E E +Wie%:GK+ E T 5 :UW3t]+W eM. E ; 5E E ;$>+M'78S E ; E 178KI1+ E
;MK E8E V E +R E W<]: 5 ; 5E - 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E C W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%ReM. E 5 5 78 5 ;+M' EGE
E .W<M' E W<+e%:G0.e 1 5 > 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E YR3:878:8W;$)+;#RWi; E M' E :8 E ^;$<MK E8E E e.p
e9; E V`;$178'I1+ E Va;$& 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E &;$W<]+: 5 ; 5E Vae E :8 5 78;+W}C\ W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R
x'A6 D oK C'AD o C ?& H7D

:G7U:U}; E +M' EGE E e.e9L; E ] 5 W< E W 5 Y%R):G7U:U E ;$>+M'78S E ;$#+M' EGE E V 5 R E *vV
C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L j Y%=^Û6; [ Q6; 9[:G ;%<y:YQ=?=>^=Û6Db; sC[ BQ ; [G v{
\
d =%: L YQ=^QÛ LQYU ^ ; yuvCBLQY ^ {
e =%: N6G L j =Q:Q LQGY& ^ Z 6K; [yuv/G BpY ^ Z {K
g =%: N6G L j ; ^ G : L Z K LQY&[G ^ 6; Z yuKvBL Y ^ {
h N6G j H K J K G Z K [G K Z K
i RRt^ ; v ^ LQ; ^ : L ;%:CyE{ ^ : >
a=Y^%;
k GTH6 G Z KG H K J K ZbH G GTJ
Frq Z a-y J : K = O Y G B > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ H LQY%=^^y?lbLQ; H ^ K : J L K ;%:l HJ YY6{o`` HJ YQY6{
FuF J : K = O Y G B= [[ y HG
HK : GQK%N ; [ y?lULQ; H ^ K : J L K ;%:l
Fr\ J : K = O Y G BY G p G Y J n K : JG {{
Fr_
F|d =%: L ; L%Y& ^ 6; yv/B >Y ^ {
Fre N6G jGQK%N [ G Z K [G Z K
Frg
E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%RZ:878:8W; E ;$>+M'78S E ;$d17GKI1> EPE T 5 W 5E :G7U; 5%E e 5 7 5 7UWi "> Co$C
7G'W<+'7 5 :G7U:Uz;}M. E :U};$#;$>+M'78S E 5E >ReL; 5 .e E +78i+;17GKI1>M[eL:Ut+MK
;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C l eKKM'W<+e%:GV 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 :G>e:U+e 5 e%:G7U7 e#:Ut+MK};$ EG W3 5 M 5E z+M' EGE
R$:8.M'._N;)e<;$NMK7US>T 5 C fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V 5 eM. E 7`<;$>+M'78S+T 5
h=îXi e
]Je>+ E8E 7G 5 1+78 +7 E <MK E8E lb|L 5 B;>MK7U;C
c
;=<>@?AB:CDC o C'A7J/KHbN
= 5 :G0Y%R3W) E W 5E 3i17GKI1>My E :G'1+7 E >e; 5 ;$NMK7U;< 5 W 5 RW:G' 5 E K 5 u-
5 R * XzutVy EGE #R E >R$:8.M''_>eL; 5 .7Ui Re 5 e7>C f 78 E8E5 V
'e:87 5 ;$R_+'W 5%E ei:8t+MK; EG W0 5 M 5%E ;$R E >e:878; E` : +' E Y%Rb78+7G E >e:UW 5E :G' 5%E
E K 5%E Y%RV[ 5 73 E :U78+W e 5 e 1+MdWi E M.: 5 ;:Ut+MKV E T 5 EGEG 1+ E ;$Y%RM'Y%R>7
5 e%: 5 ; 5 7 5 78W<C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">/
!)o
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvnx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x<X1<[^P `@ ">/
4 EG5 )+M' EGE J;i;$>+M'78S+T 5 eT 5<E *v)>e 5 e:878;V RW+787 5)5 5 7G78C 4 EG5 5 e%:G7U78 5 V
78`>;a178KI1+Me^;$NMK7US+T 5 ]d.e E >7GK;aRWi^>e%:G7U;ae`:8t+MK^;$ E W3 5 M 5E 5 787G>e%:G
'e;$K+eL; 5 VM.]>W; 5#E +Rz:G' 5 V E RL);.W<+e E T 5 C
=^>e9 RW I
5 e%:87 5 M.<]i >H: 5&E5 78#}g$ E : >eK;$z;$>+M'78S E 78+t:GK; E V 5 R E *vV E
v9RWi178'I1+Md 5 W 5 W< E W 5 e 5 W<C l E : 55 5 7G78<+W1%'7G:GR;$z; E +7U:G>7 KE :8'> E
E +Wie%:GK+ E Y%R3Y%R+78+W 5%E ;7 J M.'eRL>W}C6?dW
X ++
VLeT 5#E 3;$>1t+78W<H:8.7(YRbRWi
178'I1+M EG5 78+ 5 e9L 5 RQ7GN;$>+M'7GRWi 5 R$:878178KI1+Ma>WRWi E Rt+7UMK E8E C E8E 'W}V
e E :8` 5 e: 5 ;beM' E E >Wie%:GK+ E +78'J 5E8E 1>M$1>7G +7 E ^J17GKI1>M E +eL; 5 ;$ e';av
5 B;>MK7U;e)W< E W<)MK E8E V Wi E eT 5<E +78'3 5%EGEG 1+MP1>7G >7 E J E8EG535 5 7G78>WRWi
E RL>78+M' EGE V6M.>W37UeL; 5 YR} E Rt+7UMK E8E 5 ;7GN+7i;$> 5 E V`;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 $;$' 5 p
5 e%:8VB<Y%R E R E ;>MK7US E ;$<1I7GKI1>M.e;eT 5 5 78W eM. E ; E C fZ5 7J EGEG5 VP EGE
E t> : 5iE >7801>7G +; 5 e)7GIg$'Wib E ;ieM' E E >W<e%:GK+C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L j =%:Q G LQYU Z ^ K 9:; ;%[<G :=?y >Z =^ K Db6sC; B[ G v{
\
d K :QM=Q : L =Q:Q L%Y&6; ymy=%:Q LQYU6; {Tv/B ; {
e N6G j G [G G [G H [G
g L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
h K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
i %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^Q=Q< yE{{
k a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H:K:;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
Frq
FuF =%: L =Q:Q LQY& ^ 6; yuv/B v {
Fr\ N6G j G Z K [G HG K
Fr_
F|d n Y LPp; =Q: L =%:Q LQYU6; yr=Q:Q LQY&6; v{
Fre JO Z Z&[ NG j :;&G ^S [>G= LbGv6L n [G;
Frg K%N G HK6Z G K6Z H
Fh :Q= Y L
Fri HK^ 6; O Gn
Frk Z K [G
\uq
\F Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
\u\ RRT=L = := = ; n; =tp=Q: p Y
\u_ LX`S N : =GUHKY B[LQYQ=[^Û K6Z Qn[ yuv/B|n6;^ Z% ;G B >=%< {
\d RRt^ J K ;tO =GL ; ZbH [ Z&K6Z H Z G
\ue T
G 6
H N J
\ug Z a-yLP:`;U` HJ cYY6{ >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n;^ ; Sl?Y%=^^ml?f
\h K%N H6G v/G Bn;H^ K6Z ; B G >K6=Q<Z H fl ; Z&K6Za; H l%{
\ui Z&KZ H Z G H K JH[
\uk RRn6=Q:=cL&= =tp=%: p Y = LQYQ=Q:=L ;L&: = >= := = = = YQ=
_uq a;&:yrnM`Pv/[ Bp=Q:^(Z%n G u` [ Y[YG nM`Tn B v { Z J GUHK [ H K O6G
_F HJ H6G K
_u\ =Q:Q; [GSI ` y=Q:%6; [G {nB H ; [G
_u_ J : K = O Y G B= [[ y HG
HK :Q=Q:Cy I Bn;^ Z&KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G oL I B [Z >{{
_d
_ue
_ug
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA D? X
i i
$"> àà BZ)*à@*<a
?dW E >RK;(]a +.:8eM' E a; 5E 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E C f 7U(>;J;$NMK7US>T 5 ;^ 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7NV
'e'+'M.W<>e:8 E T 5 eM. E ; 5EF5%E 7UW<:87 5%E ;$>+M'78; 5E C 4 ;)78W<:G7 5 ]3eM. E ; 5
1>7G >p E E 5 :G' 5 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8g$ E :8Vy 5 W 5 5 +.: 5 e;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$01I7GKI1> E C
?=<6MD o
4 EG5J5 :G' 5 eLT 5 g$ E :UVRW+787 5J5 5 7G78C=JM'.e9LJ%o(; 5 7 5 78W<3"> C (]`W 5 e%:8;(RWi
M' E :8RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ;$ E 78.: 5 e 5 > :GRM 5 %` 5 W 5%E :G' 5E 0;$.W<>e E E
;$i+;7UW<+:G7 5 C0= 1+7U;;$Vy EGE M. E :U])W 5 e:U;;$< 5 7GWiz.e 1>7:8';z 5 E +;
78W)+:G7 5 ]J'e E +78'; 5 e 5 'e 5 ;<M. E :UC
j 5 78b; 5! :CD
;=<>@?AB:CDC >D7?Q HJCQ2H o C
A6 ]R:G'M.'_>; 5 5 W
V E8E JM. E :U]^'e 1+7G:GK;JV>e:UT 5 VR$:8.M'._N;b7UJ7 5 +R7U7 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7
e-:8L>M';$ EG W0 5 M 5%E CW<]: 5 ; 5
;$^RWW<]: 5 ; 5 ^RWiJM' E :8b;`:G' 5%E V 5 7dW<+ 5 ;$^RW 5 $v*: 5?=<D oCB^M']+W;$ EGEG5 V+M'
E :GJ'e%:GR.: 5 Ck? EGE JW<]: 5 ; 5 ]JW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<#"> CqbR$:G'M.'_>)e)t E Y%R E 5 e 5 W<
M'.W<.:8 E RL R E > J +M' EGE a 5 7878+e%:GC l E8E5 5 7UYR 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7Z]FRWW<]: 5 ; 5bE >We 5 W<V
;$NMK7U; 5 5 7[W<+ 5 ; M'I1 7UpwU9I1K a
e 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8V>W< E :878:8; 5 t+M 5
eLM' E ; 5 7^ 5 W 5 RW W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%RM'Y%R>7>C^;$. +78+eS>i]0Y%Rb>M.0]b'e E >7GK; 5 eL<:8L>M'z;$
EG W0 5 M 5%E R:G'M.'_>e; 5J5 e 5 W<d 5 e E :G78R: 5 7 VGvJY%RèT 5 ]at+78W<H:8'; 5 RWW<]: 5 ; 5 5 W\ EGE
e 5 W)C f[5 7G]>W}V$+WRWi E RL>78+M' EGE V:8MB 5 e E :87GR: 5 7NV$ 5 W 5E W< E W 5%E 7UW<+:G7 5E V 5 ;$
:G>7 E '; 5 ;$NMK7U; 5 V 5 Y%ReLT 5 .e 1M'K;i<;$>+M'78S+T 5 5 7G78+e%:GCZ?dW78 E RW 5 V$RW+787 5<E
5 5 7G78 E Je<MK E8E 5 787G>e:8 RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a 5 W 5E W< E W 5E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 ;>MK7U; 5 C
4 EG5 5 e%:8787G 5 V 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7a]J'e E >7GK; 5 e0:8L>M'i 5 787G>e%:GC
?=<6MD7? H
=M'.e9Lo; 5 7 5 7UWi"N C Vy1+W 5E Y%R 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7J]<.e E >7GK; 5 5 W 5 RW W<]+p
: 5 ; 5 e 5 78W<M{C}=U9LWi;} 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7b;$ V 5 78'W)>.7 5 78RW)>e%: 5 ]
5 e 5 W)z;; 5 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 R E vVy 5 e E :G78R: 5 7 C} E >Re; 5 ] 5 :G' 5 ;$#78: 5 78e 5 ; 5
:?ABCDC=CDQ:D:C?N
W<]: 5 ; 5 V[e E :G#> EG5 VBR E W 5%E }+e%:G7U;e:Ut+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ;MK E8E <:GRM{V[Y%R
E :8<>W Cd:G+7U>.7 5 78RW<>e: 5 ]3i;$'W<+e E T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ;b7G+: 5 7Ge 5 C
?^V eM'W<+e%:GV 5 HMH:8.W 5 ])M. E :8i;$(:G' 5E ; 5%E 7UW<+:G7 5E 5 78W< E ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L j ; H ^ K : J L K G 9L%:Y&;% <Z :^ =?K>6=; [DbG sCyrBu Z ^ K 6; [G v{
\
d
e K :QM=Q : L ; ^ : L LQY&6; yy; ^ : L L%Y&6; {Sv/B ; {
g N6G j H K J K G [G H K J K G [G H [G
h L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
i K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
k %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^Q=Q< G yE{{
Frq
a ; JH[ G >= HK6Z LU::;%:fQf
FuF
Fr\ =%: L ; ^ : L LQY& ^ 6; yuvB v {
Fr_ N6G j H K J K G Z K [G HG K
F|d
Fre
Frg n Y LPp; =Q: L ; ^ : L L%Y&6; y; ^ : L LQY&6; v{
Fh JO Z Z&[ NG j :H;UK^SJ K>= G LU[v6GL n H ; K J K G [G
Fri K%N G HK6Z G KZ H
Frk :Q ; L
\uq HK :QQGQK%LPN :A[ ` YY
\F HK :Q=G Y HJ
\u\ HK^ 6; O Gcn G
\u_ Z K [G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"No
!)q
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvnx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x<X1<[^P `@ "No
\d =Q:Q G LQY&6; [GAI

\ue =Q:Q; [GPJ
\ug ZbHKPH
\h a-yuvA`` YY6{: :
\ui nAZ `tv/B O ; [ H/J B|n6=%:=b>GQ K%J H
\uk
_uq H `SY s yrnu` YY6{PRRn6=Q:=ML&= =Pn6=Q:b> :; ;SLQ; ^ : ;%:
_F NZ G HJ [ GQK [ H K JK
_u\
_u_ I `-yr=Q:Q G LQY&6; [G {on B H ; [G 3RR I ` H ;SL%;?>m= [G LQYQ=Q:=L ; [ ;Xn=Q:b> G%K :;
_d J ff`- yr=Q:Q6; [G { I Bp=Q:6^B H ; [G RR J ` H ;tLQ;?>; H ;?> GSGT[6Z > G&H ^ ;
_ue HRRt=L =S= := = ; n6; = = YQ=
_ug N G&HK [ [ K6Z H K O6G
_h G `t J : K = O Y G BLQY%=^^& Z?H[ ny I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=Q< G {
_ui RRA^ GXH6 ;t=L N ; J (Q6
_uk
dq Z ay :G ;&`` HJMYY6 { >= LUvL n ; y Bn;^ ; Al?YQ=^^
lf
dF K%N H6G BnG;^ HK6;Z B >G=Q< K6Z fH l I ; Z&aK; Z H l%{
d\ I Z&KZ H Z G H K JH[
d_ RRALQ; ^ :x =SY ^ =cLQ;?>;^n6=Q:b> :;^
dud :A` HHG SK HKZ :Q G LZ y KG J B [6Z > H :{GQ K
de nc`XnB H6G v K
dg
dh
di
dk Z a-:Ayu: `Pu:C` B HJ pYY6: { yE{RQR p : =SY ^ =
euq ZbH G KG ZbH G KG Z K
eF RRn:;L J :=cLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%:mLQ;?> G ^^%=A=^^ ZbH = K%J := [G&HK :; [ =o> G ^>=ML%YQ=^^ G
eu\ LX`S J : K = O Y G B > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ H LQYQ=^^y?lUL%; H ^ K : J L K ;%:l:{
eu_
ed a-yLP`` HJ YY6{
eue Z RQRA^ ;P=L ; ^ :
eug LP` HG SGTHH6K : GQK&NN ; J[ y?lbLQZbH; H ^G K :G J L K ;&:l J : K = O Y G BY G p G Y J nusu:{
eh J : K = O Y G B= [[ yL{
eui
euk
guq G Y^ G :;URQRALQc; H ^ K >: J= K ;&: LUQv6tL [nG a ZbH; Z&[ yuv/; B|nH ;=o^ > G ^>; =MSLQYQl?=;^Q^ G^ : L ;% :!lf
gF K%N H6: G = Y G BY HpK6Z Y nB G =b>K6Z Hf Z&K6Z H H K J K
gu\ Jly?lK fO yuG:t`G` G J YY mH llG (:/B ; :Cy{{Pfml%{lf
gu_ l=Y%: G = [ [G HL%JYQ=Q: GQ[ l%{ K K
gd
gue
^W 5 R:G7 5 ;$:UM'9^;$+1 E +7de 5 :8; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<)"N C (W 5%E :878; 5 e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GC?dW
++ Vy:
5 ;}MK E8E <;$+13:8+7JRW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7 E >W 78W)+:G7 5E YR E +7UU9LWi; 5 + E5z5
X
5 7G 5 ;$ RW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7@;RWi E RPMK E8E êLT 5 R$:8.M''_++g$M.K.:8W<+e%:G 5 5 Wie; 5 9
1+7+ :GRM 5 "Ii78zWi E ;$:UM'9 E C3 EGE 'WV E <z+M' EGE )eT 5 5%EGE Rd;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$
?Q=<6D7?Q H
:8M@ 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>VBRW<}>e%:G7U;M E }]i'e E +78';zeL:Ut+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E f 7 5 78W<-"> C LV
M'.e9L#"N Cd HM.:G'W 5 78RW<>e: 5 ;3U9LWi; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 .e;'>`v*R E :8p
W<+e%:GbY%R E (:G7U:8<;$RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 76M EG5 C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA Db X
i i
$"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
F n J O Y Z LT HK :Q GQK%N ; [ > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ H 9LQ:Y%;%=<^:^=?>y =K : DbZbsCH B(<m' vC( HK :Q G LP:{
\ :Q= Y nA` ;bn
_ HK O G K
d HK :QYQ=^Q^ I
e RRn6=Q:=cL&= = := = = = YQ=
g Y yrnu[` G&HYKY6{ [ [ K OG
h NZ G HJ
i RRPp : a L&=c^ n6;tT : ; L%;?>n6=Q:=M; ;?>
k G Z Z GtK6Z HK G%K%N [cG H G
Frq Z ay(n ZbH ^ K = H L G ;&aS HK : GQK%N ; [ Pn B H =?> G B GQI&J =Y^yv{M{
FuF HK : G%K%N ; [MK `-y HK :Q GQK%N ; [ {on
Fr\ RRSLQ;?>n6=%:=A;ôn=Q:b> G%K :;^
Fr_ ay B|n6=%:=b>`` HJ YY6{
F|d Z K
Fre
Frg Z ayu:S`` HJ YQY6{o: GQK&J : HcK
Fh
Fri G Y^ G
Frk
\uq Z a: y K B|n6:=Q:=?>B GQI%J =Y^yu:{{
\F G%K%J HcK
\u\
\u_ nc `XnB H6G v K 3RRXn:x&v Z >= GUHK := [ =
\d
\ue : : YY3RR ;t=L ;
\ug G%K%J HSHQJ H6 N J
\h
= 5 7 5 7UWi)"> C E T 5 W 5E :G7U; 5%EZ5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E Y%R`:G7U:UW ; E ;$>+M'78S E ;$W)]+: 5 p
; 5%E ;b+M' EGE Ck7 5 +>;$'W<+e%: 5 ]W3R.: 5)E >W)>M.9Le%:G`783;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$( 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E C
E ;$H >7G>eS+ E .e'+'W0p E FeL M''e9bo V 5 eL;$ 5 e 5 W<^; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]`7 5 +R78; 5 e :8t+MKV
eT 5 (M'I1 7U6 7
)+ C?@W E +R';V+ E5(5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 eT 5 +g E :8 eJMK E8E a 5 7G78+e%:GV
]3;$'+ 5 e;0RW<#+e%:G7U;<eL<:8L>M'#; E W3 5 M 5E ;$ E 78+1+e; 5<5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 V 5 R E *vV E +R
e 5 W)V:8. 5 ;#7G+: 5 7Ge 5 V;$'W<+e E T 5 ; 5 78: 5 7Ge 5 #:G' 5%E ; 5%E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E C D 5 ;
E8E 3'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5 ]7G+:G'78;0; 5 e< 5 787G>e%:GJ;i781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L jG%K%N ; [ G LQY& 9Z :^ ;%K <6:; =?[>G =y DbZ sC^ BuK ; [G v{
\
d K :QM=Q : L ; LQY&; yy ; LQYU6; {Tv/B ; {
e N6G jGQK%N [ G [G GQK%N [ G [G H [G
g L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
i %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^Q=Q< yE{{
k a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H:K:;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
Frq
FuF =%: L ; L%Y& ^ 6; yv/B v {
Fr\ N6G jGQK%N [ G Z K [G H6G K
Fr_
F|d
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"Iq-
!)
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvnx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x<X1<[^P `@ "Iq
Fre n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ =Q: NG L jG%K%N ; [ G LQY&6; [G y G%K%N ; [ G LY&6; [G v{
Frg K%N :;U^S G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
Fh HK :Q GQK%N ; [ L
Fri HK :QQ G LP:A` HJ YY
Frk HK :Q= O Y GcG
\uq Z ^ K 6; [G n
\F =Q:Q G LQY&6; [GAI
\u\ =Q:Q; [GPJ
\u_
\d ZbHKPH
\ue a-yuvA`` YY6{: :
\ug nAZ `tv/B O ; [ H/J B|n6=%:=b>GQ K%J H
\h
\ui H `SY s yrnu` YY6{ RRXn=Q:=ML%= [ =Tn6=Q:b> GQK :; [ ;> K ; [ ;
\uk NZ G HJ
_uq
_F H ff`- yr=Q:Q LQY&6; {on B ; RR ` x = LQYQ=Q:=L ; ;on=Q:b> :;
_u\ I G [G H [G I H [ [G [ G%K
_u_
_d JRRt`-=L yr=Q=S:Q6= ; [G { :I= Bp= =Q:6=^B H ;= [G YQ= RR ; J ` nH; xtLQ;?>; H ;?> GSGT[6Z > G&H ^ ;
_ue N G&HK [ H K OG [ K6Z
_ug GRRA`t^ J : K =;tO Y=GL BLQ; Y%=^^&Q6Z?H [ ny I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=Q< G {
_h GXH6 N J
_ui Z ay :G ;&`` HJMYY6 { >= LUvL n ; y Bn;^ ; Al?YQ=^^
lf
_uk K%N H6G G B|Hn6K6;Z^ ; G B K6>Z =QH :;^
d\ :A` HHG SK HKZ :QZ G KLy G [ GtJ K6B [6Z Z > H[ :{ GQK
d_ nc`XnB H6G v K
dud
de a-yu: u` YY6{
dg Z :A`P:CB HJ p : yE{ RR p : =tY ^ =
dh ZbH G KG ZbH G KG Z K
di RRn:;L J := H = K = O6G YQ=S; K6Z n; [G : GQK ;%: H ; [ ;> K ; [ ;
dk
euq G a-`Sy J :`K` = O Y GYY6BLQ{ YQ=^Û ZbH[ Qnyuv/B|n6;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=%< G {
eF Z G :;U HJ c >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n;^ ; Sl?Y%=^^mlf
eu\ K%N H6G G v/B|nHK6;^Z ; G B K6>Z =QH< f
l Z&K6; Z H a; l%{
eu_ Z&K6Z H Z G H K JH[
ed RRn:;L J :=X> K ; [ ; H = K = O6G Y%= [G&HK :; [ => G ^>=cLQY%=^^ G
eue LX`S J : K = O Y G B > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ H LQYQ=^^yuv/B H =b> G B Z >=< G :{
eug a-yLP`` YY6{
eh Z RRA^ GXHH6J ;t=L N ; J Z?H ^ G : G
eui LP` S : ; yuvCB =b> B >=Q< (v/B > :{
euk J : K H= OG Y G BH= [K [ yLGQ{K& N [ H G Z G G [6Z
guq
gF
gu\ G Y^ G :;URR> cK ; [ ; >= =QV [LUG v6a LZbHn ZU[ ; ; H =oyuv/> B|nG ;^>^ =MLQ;Y%=^S^ G l Q6; lf
gu_ K%N H6G G HK6Z v/B G=b> K6Z B >H =%< fZ&lK6y?Z lH fyu:AG%`K%` N [ YY ll:CB ; :CyE{{
gd fH l%{lG f
Z l=GY%: G = [ [G LQYQ=Q: GQ[ l%H{J K K
gue
gug
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">
!)/
i i
$"N àà BZ)*à@*<a
465 W EGEG5 :8+78W)'e E >ReL;} E z;&eLM' E E +Wie%:GK+C- 5&E +R eMXVZ:G>W 5E e
:8L>M';$ EG W0 5 M 5%E E +M' EGE E ;>MK7U; E Vt78<+;<RWi#;$>M' E Vt<M. E :8#;$31I7GKI1> E V
W<]: 5 ; 5E 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E C D W3t]+We E :G+ E5 V 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E 78 E 5 e E I1> E t+MK&eM' E
E T 5 E :8e%:G E .W<M' E b 5 R 5%E :G' 5E ;b+787 5%EÈ >Wie%:GK 5%E 5 ;$>W 5 5 7G78+7NC@M.]>W ; E8E5 V
EG5 W<+e%:GJ7:8;i781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>)7GN E E +7êM' E ;C@ E e E Y%R E :UT 5 ;$>e:87 5 5 R
L.g 5 ;;>MK7US>T 5 ;)W<]+: 5 ; 5E i 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E eT 5}E T 5 eM' E ; 5E VP 5 E e>e9 RWi
'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 t+7G:G'e+e%:8a E8E ^ E a;JeM. E E +Wie%:GK+ g$ E :8F Cd:878M'9 5 7GNM'W)>e%:G
L E ; 5 0;eLM' E E +Wie:8'> E +7Ui >H: 5 e#:8+7U>.7U# "HM.:G'Wi E VBY%R E >781% E :8ze 5
+ :GRM 5 ""C
10.3 O programa principal

zW< E WiiWie>.7UiY%R3e 5 + :8RM 5 Vt]b78>+ EG5 M.:G>787 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 78'e'M[; 5 e 5%EGEG5
5 W<.MK; 5 7@L7U3Y%R( E :G'e+M.R))U9Wi;b3 E :U E +Re;b E ;)eM. E E +Wie%:GK+C
l E : 5 ]J +.: 5 5 W 5 W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi#"N C C

9^Q:;;%O <::G=?>== Db:sCpB ;& : G ^ ZbHKQK6Z L&=
_ G HK G
d ay|n: : {PRR v :M= :p;%:
g 9: : n: ` S9: : yE{
h n: KZbHB|nK : ZbHGKG ;; KK yu:;H6; KG {RRAZbHKL N =b>GG=o> K ; [ ;Tn=Q:= Z >n: Z > Z : :p;%: G
i
k =Q: N6G L jcK LT` H6G S=Q: N6G L j y{
Frq
FuF K :A LBr=Q: L 6;; yu:;; {
Fr\ K%6^ >BN6; G j B|n: K Y yK l?s >= LT::;%:^Ta; l%{
Fr_ KG JK Z?HK H G HK6Z JH[
F|d L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
Fh
Fri
Frk
=,M''e9Q"> ]+7GK; 5,5,5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 x'A6 D o
VèM.'e9Q"I$Va]U9W<; 55
W<]: 5 ; 5 YR}:G7U:8,; 5 e,78._;,7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>C = 5 :8YR E8E W<]: 5 ; 5 :G7U:U,;$
g$NR$:U7`)7G'W<+'780 E ;<eLM' E E +Wie:8'>)(1+78 +7`Y%RJe>e9 RW>7G7 5 :8+e9L E K; 5
x'A6 D o C'A6 A7D oV$

+eL 5 e%:878; 5 V$e%:8 E ;$7 5%EGE +R.7` 5 W E R)7:8b;ieM. E CdAB>W378V:8W0L]>W}VY%Rb
C
x'A6 D o
MK E8E E :G>e;$ )MK E8E 5 7F E8EG5 V t+e E RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5
&]78K; 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

">
!)/"
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvnx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x<X1<[^P `@ ">

= 5 ;$'7G+:G78 5 90&20 5 %.eLM'R ;^1+7 E T 5 e 5 1; 5 7UY%R.1 5 C v vVe 5 ;$.78:878 5 90&2%Q

!".
5 V 5 7UY%R.1 5 c7 $& 8
Vy;$ E +7G.: 5 e E :8+ :8RM 5 C
465 W 5 g$+W<M 5 V(e 5 ;$.78:878 5 !N9:L:8+W 5E5 7UY%R.1 5 +.6
.)
!#XG.

8V +W YRa:8e%: 5 RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7d;+M' EGE / b 5 W 5 RW W<]: 5 ; 5 ;MK E8E /+
E T 5 ;$NMK7U; 5%E ;$R E 1+_> E C=^ EGE E +Re; 5 > EG5 VI+W0 5 78 5E ; 5 E W<]: 5 ; 5E

y :G>e9W
E '; 5 ;>MK7U; 5E 5 W:8. 5E ;$^78: 5 7Ge 5 ;$H >7G>e%:G E V E +R E e 5 W< E a:G' 5E ;^7UW<+:G7 5EkE T 5
K;7+ I e%:GK 5%E V 5 Y%Rb>R E 3RW<G 5 M. E T 5 >e%:G78(>M. E V$ 5 7^ E8E5 V%RW+787 5 C
E8E 'W}V 5 +g NR$:U78W 5EF5 e 5E8E5 5 W<.MK; 5 7` 5 W E8E 78Y%R'1 5 :G>W 5%E
`^T } X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXd\=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ ~ Z

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXdX\c=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ ~ Z ZZZ

a b[_ ~ `\7hf[ } U \[:iSXd=`S\&da7^&S^ b[7Seb'[7Seb[7S ^7hd_X^=a a7_`&h=^d_=a
a b[_ } `\7hf[ } U,_S=Q\=ab[i_&dXS a7^&S^ ^7hd_=^=a a7_`&h=^&d_&a
!~ _f:^[XS:b=` d=d\&di7\X[a TXQî_ ~
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)/
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

$"
!)//
i i
Captulo 11
Anlise Semntica
Parte Final
j[.eM.W<>e:8U9>W 5%EyJ HMH:8.Wi}+:8L;eM. E E >W<e%:GK+C? E :U]#}Wi E 5 W)p
M'g); E :G7 I E E E Ck=^>M' E >78T 5 :878:8; 5Ed5%E ;$.1+7 E5%E E t>: 5E ;$>Hg; 5E L>e;$>e:8 E e E
E E e%:G+78 5 78 E VP 5 W 5 Vy 5 7+g$+W<M 5 V1>7G >S+T 5 ;};$ eKS+T 5 +.7URM'7(;$#+M' EGE E V
78.eL'M'W<+e%:GVBzU9N++W ;3:8. 5E C)= E >S>T 5 ""C'" E >78T 5 5 W)>e%:8; E E 78.eL' E
+78 :8+7 'E :GK+ E ;$ E :U+;b'W< 5 7:Ue+'3;3U9N++W ;$^:8. 5E e RW 5 W<.MK; 5 7NC?dW
E +R';V E +7Ui78 E +e%:8;< E R<.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 78<e 5%EGEG5 5 W<.MK; 5 7
X ++
>W:87 I E
E >S E }78.W<>.7Uz; E 78+1i}eLM' E E >W<e%:GK+z7U 5E e E W< E M.: 5E 5 W 5 ;$>+M'p
7US+T 5 ;$<MK E8E E E RL E 178'I1+ E P m E +Re;z;$ E 78+13eM. E 07U 5%E 5 WieL; 5E ;
M'.eR+W pm$0:G+7U>.7UV 78 5%E ;$.1+7 E5%E :8. 5E ;$g$78 E8E E C
11.1 Checagem de tipos

+t+e;$>e; 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ;$ 5 t+7US+T 5 Y%R)Y%R>7G>W 5E 7GNM'._N7NVL;$>1+W 5%E R$:8.M''_>7J 5 Wie; 5%E
E t> . 5E VLY%RVt+W>78M{VL 5%EGE R>W78+78 E L>W ; eK; E ;$ 5 7GWiS+T 5 C f[5 7^g$>W)M 5 V
5 R$:8.M''_>78W 5E +W 5 5 WieL; 5 ; E >M.NS+T 5 UVL;+1>W 5E :G>7M' 5 5 W 5
X ++
b _ TXd
`\f:^[aX\ }
_7hi_
`\f:^[aX\ ~
5 eL;$ 89^;$>1 E +7[RWi g$78 E8E T 5 Rv 5 7G E RMH:U; 5(E v; 5 :G' 5 6 M'+W378e;
5 Y%R
X ++
eT 5 5E8E Rt:8. 5 5 5 M'>e 5 Ck 1 KW<+e%:GV E8E 31+78 +S+T 5 eT 5 5 ;$ E +76 +.:8<;$R7Ue%:G(
eLM' E E 'e:U:8'>C
?de%:8T 5 V 5 W 5 ]J >H:U< E8E )U9N++W dW 5%E .eKK7^ 5 WRWg$>W)M 5iE .W<M' E C
b g
d_&S=Xd=[
$"
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)/
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
? E8E @:G78>U9 5 ;$@7 5 78Wia+7U`7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>^W 5E :G7U;ae R7U""C."C f 7UêM. E 7
E 5 5 Wie; 5 Q]M'+M{V@ E : 5 ]V E E R&g$78 E8E T 5 ;$} 5 e:87 5 M.z7 5 ;R_zRW 7G E RM.:8; 5
'e:8+'7 5 V E >7GK0 E :8e:8 E 'W<M. E Cd +1+W 5E

O
7 5 R787a)178KI1+M JeL3:Ut+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E m

t+%7 5 :G' 5 5 WYRb017GKI1>M 5 ;$>+M'78; m

MKeLS+7`RW<)+g$+>S>T 5 + EG5)5 :G' 5 eT 5)E *v c{C
$" !"
|y! ' &y!"

%K ! yZ!
%2
j['R7Uz""C'"ui?dg >W<M 5 ;bU9>>>W;$J:G' 5E 78< 5 Wie; 5 UC
HD
>1>W 5%E M'+W07U7NV 5 78]+W}V YR(3g$78 E8E T 5 ;$( 5 e%:G7 5 M'ê>W E >W<7G ]RWi0178'I1+M
3 NCD% H7D
E .W<M' E W<+e%:GC m 5 M'978W 5E eb;$ eKS+T 5 ; 5 e V1>7G>W 5%E YR 5J M'9 5 5 7G78 E 5 e$p
J
NCD% H7D
;$>e:8 g$78 E8E T 5 ;$J 5 e%:87 5 M.^]J; 5 :G' 5 VY%R(] ;$ eK;) 5 e 5 78W) W 5E :G7U 5
7 5 78W<}""C'"C ])RWiMK E8E ) E :G7U:Ui078+7G E >e:UiRWizg$78 E8E T 5 Y%RM.p
Y%R+7NV 5 W 5 VB 5 7+g$+W<M 5 VRW< E .W<M' E 17GKI1>M{VyRWi 5 e E :8e:8VBRW< EG5 Wi};$i;$R E
E RL+g$7G EGEG E V RWi 5 L>78S+T 5 ;$M 5 +S+T 5 ;$JRW 5 $v*+: 5 C
F 6n =L j =Q< G ^& HK =L K6Z L&: GG 9:;%<:=?>=DDBED
\ >n;&: ;
_ Z K j6GUH
d = ^ :=L n Y LALQY%=^^Xv&n: 6; v ^t :=Y&;
e O K K JQO Z G [GAG KGUH[ G&HG [G
g n Y LTv%n: 6; yu; {
h JO Z G [G j6GUHmK
i ^ n :Cy {
k J G K
Frq
FuF
f 7U E >7GW 5E W< E 78> EG5E V+ E M' E :Ub; E MK E8E E Y%R^ E :G>e;$>W N/cD% HD 5 Y%R
+;)RWi<;$+MK E 78+78 E +e%:UC

? ?& HD kRWi< 5 e E :Ue%:G; 5 :8. 5 XV 5 W
5 >W
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)/o
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /
^ } m

;:?6 c?& HD kRWii 5 e E :8e%:8J; 5 * XV 5 W
:8. 5 5 +W
^ ^fîSXd:b[7

|CXC 6 ?& HD kR E5 ;i 5 e E :8e%:Gl7 V 5 W 5 +W
^[XhXh
x'A66 H D kR E5 ;$RWi)178'I1+My 5 W 5 E +R.7b{Y%RP:G>W 5E ; 5 E x'A66 H D

^g

@HMH HD RWi 5 L>78S+T 5 ;$a;$KS+T 55 R E R$:G7US>T 5 >e%:G78F;$RL EZE RL+g 7G EGEG E VI 5 W 5
^g-`

|C?& HD bRWi 5 L>78S+T 5 ;$iW3RMH:8.M'K+S>T 5}5 R;$'1 E T 5}5 R78 E : 5 +e%:87Gi;$R EE Rp
tg$78 E8EG E V 5 W 5 +W
^g `
cA6=<6 H D kRWi 5 t+7US+T 5 ;(e+S+T 5 ReL78'V 5 W 5

^ }~X

MD:C'A? cAMC HD iRW< 5 t+7US+T 5 ;$z 5 W<78S+T 5}5 R E R$:G7US>T 5 +e%:87G;$R E0E Rp
tg$78 E8EG E V 5 W 5
^g `

MD! BcD o ?& HD 5 t+7US+T 5 ;JM 5 >S+T 5 ;(RWe 5 1 505 $v*: 5 V 5 W 5 >W
^[_Y h=îXi }X~:}

MD!6A< HD dM 5 +S+T 5 ;$RW7878IV% 5 W 5 +W
^[_Yb[7SV

AMCXCE HD dU9W<;<;$JRWW<]+: 5 ; 5 VL 5 W 5 +W
]ZGf _&S=Q\=a ^lg`

?& HD d EGEG5 )RWi)178'I1+My;$'e E :8eLK);JM.RW 5 $v*: 5 V 5 W 5 >W
^f K\ gX_`SZGf b_7ha

2HD HD d+ E8E5 )RW>M.>W)>e%: 5 ;$RW7878Ii 5 W 5 >W
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X @Q
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
#" !
' % !" ' &y!
"!" %2 >

7 y! 7 y!"
yZ! %K&% |y! %K &2&
&2 %K
j[.R7Uz""CJu m >ReL; 5 g$+W<M 5 ;$bU9>>+W;$J:8. 5E L7U0 5 Wie; 5 UC
^gK }
dW 5E E R 5 7>Vt+e%:8T 5 VLRW E >ReL; 5 g$+W<M 5 ;$) 5 W<e; 5 UVy+Rv7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>i]
7G E >e:U;3e R78z""C C
b ^g w }
d7_&S=7d=[ |
f 7U0 EGE (g$+W<M 5 V E H:8RS>T 5<E 5 W<M.K+)RW 5 R 5 Wi E CZe%:G E ; E L>7aY%RM 5
:G' 5 ;0+g$7G EGE T 5 ;$ 5 e%:87 5 M.V%]JeN EGE 78 5 +M'+RM'7 5 :8. 5 ;$+; E Rtg$78 E8E T 5 C f[5 7
g$>W)M 5 Vt]078> EG5E L>7 E l^g } E T 5 +g$7G EGEG E ; 5 :G' 5 'e%:G+'7 5 78i 5 ;$+78+W
E +7 5 W<7U; E 5 7W<> 5 ; 5#5 t+7U; 5 7 C fZ5 7 E Ri1+_b]37GN E5#E t+7 E 3 E 178'I1+ E
^<g E T 5 ; 5 :8. 5 .e%:8+'7 5 7U) 5 ;$>7G>W
>
E +7 EG5 Wi; E (7 5 ;$R_>.7`RW78 E RMH:U; 5 'e:8+'7 5 C
465 W 5 5 ;$+W 5E L>78++t+7NV 5%E :8. 5E ; E g$78 E8E E ;$+1+W E >7+M'+RMK; 5%E ;3Hg 5
78'WiI V}7G:G'7; EE
R tg$78 E8E E Wi EE .W<M' E V:G]iY%R E <U9+R J +g 7G EGE T 5
5 W<M.+:8CW<e+'7Uz'M'R E :878:G'1V1*vW 5%E e 5 7 5 78W<-""C 5 Y%R#;$>1>W _>+7 5%E
W<]: 5 ; 5E 5 eM' E 7G>WM'Re E ; 5E e E ;781 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>a; 5 5 W<e; 5 0; R78(""C C
F p; Z&[ &n G N6G L j y&a%6; [G v{ 9:;%<:=?>=DDB

\
_ K^ `T%n G l N6G Ll j yuv/B G v&n:{
d GPK
/ Z?HK
e ^ GUH6 ;
g
h G ::; G v%n: G ^^ ; [G p G ^ G : ZbHKGZ :=
i
k l n;lQ%n G NG L j yv%n: G ; [G v{
Frq K6Z
uF F
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~X~ X
X~
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* o
Fr\ [: G ^;%LQ:; O :=MG ;X=Ap=LQYQY=;&:A^^ G: l:;%:G ==Yl ; [G =Sv L G =b>L N= =b>==A ;> K ; [ ;P= [GQI%J = [ ;
Fr_ G%K H GQK H [ H N [
F|d
Fre l n;lQ%n G NG L j y G YQ= K6Z ; H =Y&; [G v{
Frg K6Z
Fh
Fri K D`P`P%%nn G N6G LL j yuyuv/v/BB G v%v%nn:: DQ{{
Frk K^ D G N6G ^ j ;
l G l
\uq GPK : Gt;&:K =cLQ;?>;P:ZbHK^ Y = ;l l
\F ^ G v/B|nGQK;^ Z&HK6Z ; H `Q`l?G``J lK; J [ v/B|n6;ZbH^ KZ&K6Z ; H ``l`l
\u\ ^ GtK D HJ YQY GPK mlU^ K : ZbH <lX; J p Z L G6 p G :6^&=
\u_ : ;%: =ALQ;?>;P: ^ Y = ;zl l
\d ^ GtK G%DK HHJ YQY GPK G J J >K [; OQGQKZbH;tK ; J p Z L G p G :^%=
\ue : ;%: =ALQ;?>;P: ^ Y = ;zl l
\ug ^ GtK G%D K GtHK ^ ; HJ GYY J K [ ZbHK
\h : ;%: =ALQ;?>;P: ^ Y = ;zl l
\ui ^ GtK G%D K GtHK ^ ;S; O6GQGQJK ;K^ [[GtK6ZZbHnK;^SLQ;?>n= K &p GZ ^
\uk : ;%: =ALQ;?>;P: G ^ J Y K = [ ;zl ZbHK l
_uq ^ GUH6 ; G%K H
_F
_u\ G ::; ;Un G := H[ ;^ Z?H p Y ZU[ ;^ G >m;bn G :!= ;t: G YQ=L Z ; H =Y
_u_
_d l n;lQ%n G NG L j y=Q:Q6; [G v{
_ue K6Z
_ug n:;L J :=Sv/B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; HAH = K = O6G YQ= [G ^Q> O ;YQ;^
_h ^ G =L N ; J
_ui : ;%: = n; =tp=Q: p Y = = YQ=
_uk ^ G&H6 ; GQK H K6Z [ Z% G H K O6G
dq
dF G ::;p=Q: Z% p G Y H ; [G a ZbHZ&[ =
d\
N/ D% HD
M D:C'A? cACE HD
= 5 :G@Y%Rd EGE .W 5 W 5 eLèM. E d; 5 5 Wie; 5 UV+;F:G' 5 ;$ 5%EGE R E R E
7878K678+78 E ;$d1+78 >S>T 5 C fZ5 7Bg$+W<M 5 VI 5 eM' E 7yRW e; 5 :8. 5
E T 5 e>+ E8E 7GK E ;$'1>7 E E 7G>7U E 7801M'';7`<g$78 E8E T 5

E 5E ; 5 Ea5 t+7Ue; 5%E 5 78+W'e%:G+'7 5E V )+g 7G EGE T 5 E :8#
5iE +R:G' 5 ]<cm
E 5E ; 5 E(5 t+7Ue; 5E 5 78+W * XVBzg$78 E8E T 5 ])1M''; EG5 W<+e%:8 E 55 t+7U; 5 7
5 7^;$'RM';;$ 5 R};$ E 'RM';;$ m
K;$>W7U3; 5 E65 $v*: 5E ;$(:G' 5%E 5 W<78I1+ E :G' 5%E 'RL E65 RRW ] E RPMK E8E (; 5
5 R$:G7 5 m
E :G78'e E 5 $v*+: 5E 5 ;$>W E +73 5 W<78; 5E Y%Re%: 5J .RMK;;i J ;$ E 'RM';;$
5 WRW 5 R$:G7 505 L>78e; 5 Y%R E v7C
^M']+W;$<1+78 +7Jz1M'';;$i; E g$78 E8E E Vy}U9>>>W ;$):G' 5%E ]):8W3t]+W H$:8.M
78-RK7i>78S+T 5 ;$$;$' 5 V6 5 W 5 1+78+W 5E e 5 > :GRM 5 "NCdW 5%EiE R 5 7>V6 5 7
g$>W)M 5 VYRJ:G+W 5%E E +R'e:8Jg$78 E8E T 5
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X @Q
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
&h îXi e
^ ZGf _&S=Q\&a g`
m b E 17GKI1> E J( 5 78W; 5 :G' 5 c{V)+7US+T 5
;$b+$;$. 5 ;$+1

+7GK7^ E .e E :G78RS E 7U E5 Wi7a E8E E 1IM 5 7G E 7 5 ;$R_+'7`RW78 E RM.:8; 5 'e%:G+'7 5 m

U9LWi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 b|L!l%$ p t C
= 5 + E5 VL 5 78]+W}VP+W Y%Rz]0RW E :G78'epVyRW'e%:G>.7 5 V 5 +$;$. 5 +7U; 5 ;$>1 E >7
;$. +78+e%:GC + ;. 5 ;+1>78 E +7i>78; 5 ;} 5 78W<Y%R EiE +R'e:8 E<5 L>78S E<E *vW
78>M''_>; E

:878e E 5 78W<7 5 1M 5 7F'e%:G>.7 5 ;$,J+WRW E :G78'e m
5 e>:8+e7 5 1M 5 7;$ ( 5 W EGE d1M 5 7:G7Ue E 5 78Wi; 5 V+7 5 ;$R_>.e; 5 5 W 5 7G E RM.:8; 5
RW E :G78.ecm

U9LWi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 b|L!l%$ p * X t C
R E *vV$M']+W;$(>7876'e E :G78RS E L7U:G7U:U7`;$(Wie>.7U0;.1+7 E 5EF5 t+7Ue; 5E ;$
:G' 5E ;$H >7G>e%:G E V 3eLM' E ; 5%E :G' 5E ; E g$78 E8E E@E >7G1 'R 5 W 5 RK78b;>K;$'76Y%RM
W<]: 5 ; 5 ;)MK E8E /pb|L;+1 E >76'e 1 5 +; 5 [Y%R>M.(YR78>>LJ 5 W 5 78RW<>e: 5 RW
E :G78.e 5 RzRWe W<+7 5XH 'e%:G>.7 5 C
<ND D o
= E 78Ig$.Wi EdE NS E W 5E :G7U78+W 5E 5 W;$:UM'9 E +;RW; 5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E Y%R^:878:8W
; 5%E e E ;#7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'>V'W<M'+W<+e%:8; 5E e#+M' EGE %Cd? E :8 EE +7UT 5#E >S E
M 5 e% E VL 5 E ;H >7G>e:8+W<+e%:8); E E E e%:G+78 5 78 E V: 5 ;7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+i:8+W Y%R E >7
1 E .:8;V0eT 5 L>e E5E e 1+ E Wi E MH: 5E C 465 W 5 5 e E >Y=kI+eLKV78:GK+W<>e:8J: 5 ; 5%E
I
5E :G' 5%E ;$0e E : +W:878:8W<>e: 5E L7G:GKRMK78 E E >7G>W +.: 5%E 5 7 W<]: 5 ; 5%E E t> H 5E V
;$ eK; 5E e E :U<MK E8E C
11.2 Anlise das declaraes

l eKKW 5E V^;$ E :81+_Va 5 W 5 7 5 7UWi78.eL'MXV`YR&;$+1 E >7M.:G>78; 5 ;W< E Wi
A<N|D D o
5 78WiY%Rê 5 > :GRM 5 "N CZW3R;eS>( +.:8e 5 7 5 7UWi0""C /VM.'e9i"I$V] 5 e>7Ge>e%:G
J R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ;$JRW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 -78);$ E 787`)eM' E E >Wie%:GK+C

9^Q:;;%O <::G=?>== D:DpBu;&@ : G ^ ZbHKQK6Z L&=
_ G HK G
d ay|n: : {PRR v :M= :p;%:
g 9: : n: ` S9: : yE{
h n: KZbHB|nK : ZbHGKG ;; KK yu:;H6; KG {RRAZbHKL N =b>GG=o> K ; [ ;Tn=Q:= Z >n: Z > Z : : p;%: G
i
k
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

q-
!)/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* q
Frq %n G N6G L jcK LP` HG A%n G N6G L j yE{

FuF K :A LBQ%n L 6;Q; yu:;Q; {
Fr\ K%6^ >G B; NG B|jn: K Y yl?Ks >= LT::;%:^Ta; l%{
Fr_ KG JK Z?HK H G HK6Z JH[
F|d L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
Fh
Fri
'<ND c D o ' <ND c D o ?
x
A6 D o ?
=2MK E8E %V@:8+W 5Ez5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V@Y%R]&78 E 5 e E I1+M 5 7
;$ E L7U7^#eM' E E +Wie%:8'>Ca? E8E bW<]+: 5 ; 5 78'W)>.7 5 U9W< 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
'<ND cD o x'A6 cD o
1 E : 5 e 5 > :GRM 5 "N `6Y%R6]d7G E 5 e E I1+M 5 7g$>+R$:87 E ;$R E E E e%:8+78 5 7G E ;eM' E
E +Wie%:GK+C fZ5 7 E >7 MK E8E <RWi E RPMK E8E F;$ %V: 5 ;^'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5
t<ND D o ?
5 M.+:8;3eL E E E e%:G+78 5 78 E +W7G:GKRM'7>V$0:8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E 6 5 ; E >7FR:G'M.'_>;
Y%RXC@\7 5 7UWii""C <W 5E :G7U));>MK7US>T 5 ;iMK E8E (b; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C
F n J O Y Z LALQYQ=^Q^T%n G N6G L j
G v KG&H[ ^T9:=Q;%:<:N=?G>L=j DDB
\
_ ZbHKPHG ^ K6ZbH <C RRAL%; HK :;QYQ=M; H Up G Y [G = HZbHN =b> G&HK ; G >LQ;?>= H[ ;^P: G n GQK6ZUK6Z p;^
d n:%n; KG L KGQ[
: Z?H%K n 6Y;L%RQ=R Y^ n6; RRALQ:; HK =;%: H W%; > G :; >t[G >p =Q:; Z%; p GZ ÂY;L&= Z ^ HJ >S> K ; [ ;
e nK :; G L GQK%J Ha K =GYP :K6Z >n[Y G %%G%K UH&[9GT/J RRTKp=Q[: p ^ =&n; =b>z;^
g KG KGQ[ ZbH HKU%Z 9/G RR n6;^ ^ LQ;^ Z% = GZ = I%JYQ=G H^QK> ;YQ;^
h K6Z O6 Z H K O6G [G O
i n:; L : Q; 6& : 9/ ; RQR> ; ;A^ ;t= =Y ^%= ;
k KG KGQ[ HK GQK%N [ J GQK%N [ K [ G&H[ H Z [
FrqOn:;;; Y G =L H L%= H ;^ J;nY G := ^ ;%: 3RRRR ZbH[6Z L%L%=c=c^^ G L N^ =b>= [=Q=c:U>=Q^ JV n G :A= T;An pG :U=>Y;%Z&K6: ZU[ = >=Sp=Q:
FuF KG KGQ[tO G H K G ZbH[6Z GPG K G&H H[ HQJ
Fr\ n Y LP%n L yE{
Fr_ JO Z G N6G j
F|d ^ n :CyE{
Fre J G
Frg H66GYQ;^ K6L%=ZbHY<M^t`P`Pss
Fh %%U& 9c`yr : >nY { = = Y BLQYQ=^Û Qny?lU^ : <l&{
Fri U% 9Qc`-y :HK >nYZ { G = =ZbHKY O BLQGY%=^^& ZbnH[ yl l&K{ ZbH
Frk HK Z G ZbHK O G Z?H[ ZbHK
\uq Q= 6%= Q9Y cBu=` H6G yQSQ 6H%K :Q9Q Z >{n6 Y G y?l UQ" l%{
\F ZbHK O G [Q[
\u\
\u_ n Y LPp; %n L ;; y ^ 6; v{ :;U^S >= LUv6L n ;
\d JO Z Z&[ G N6G j K Z K [G K%N G HK6Z G KZ H
\ue =%: L 6;; yuv{ RQRPa=QVA= Y ^ =^Tp=Q: p ^ > ; ;^
\ug &n N6 G jL YQK=^Û L%Y& ^ 6; yvH6{XZRRXGta[=QVA= Y Z%^ GZ ;SGLQ;%:&nK; [ ;^> ; ;^
\h G N6G j G Z K [G H Z GS[ [ K [
\ui Z a-yua; JQ:H;U[ G >=cHK6 Z >Lb= ::;%:LUv6u`tL ns6{T;RRAyua^ ;GoN ; J p >GA= G ::L&; ::YQ;%= :H %=f G v6L G ^Q^Q;
\uk K%N H6G G HKZ G loK6 Z >H = JQLTH[:G:;&:6H^TK6Za; yrn =^ @{l&{
_uq G HKZ JQH[ N G
_F
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X s
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
k+W 5E Y%R<;$'1>7 E E 1I7GKI1> E E T 5 ;>MK7U; E eLz+M' EGE C0 E 5 W<+e%:87G 5E ;T 5 RWi
e 5 S+T 5 ; E RR$:8.M'._NS>T 5 Vy 5 78]+W ;$R7Ue%:Gizg$M''>S+T 5 ; 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E ;MK E8E VB'7G>W 5%E
;$+:8M'9pXMK E 5 WWi E RK;; 5 Ck .W< 5 7G:8e%:8 :8+W 5EÈG5 W<>e:80'e+M.R E T 5 u)g$+W<M 5

; 5 Y%RZ 5 >H: 5 5 W 5%E :G' 5E L E ' 5E ;`M''eR>Wu(;$@RW:8. 5^ : 5 78a78+78 E +e%:U7
5 :G' 5 ;$^;; 5 E8E RW)K; 5 t+MK 5 e E :Ue%:G V[XchXhC^Wi>e:878;J 5 W 5 e 5 W)F

`]
'e E >7GK;(e 5 e 1>M$Wi E M.: 5 ;(:Ut+MK(; E W3 5 M 5E V;$`W 5 ; 5 E >7@+ E8E 1>M +WY%RM'Y%R>7
N;&/QCb /QCb
E 5 5 ; 5 7 5 78W< E +e; 5 eM. E ; 5 CB^M']+W\;$ EGEG5 VN_>+W 5E RWi`R E + 5E :G' 5%E E K 5%E
;3M.'eRL>WJ:87G'R W J
5E E 1I7GKI1> E ;$W 5 ; 5 Y%R: 5 ; E
E 1>_+ E Y%R67GN E 7GW 5%E R$:8.M'._N7[ E8E E >e:878; E VIeT 5 e>+ E8E .:87G>W 5E t E Y%R E 7Z`:Ut+MK
;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C
465 W 5#E +W<78V'eKKW 5E t+M 5E e E Wi E MH: 5E ;i7G1 5 78V 5 R E *vVL 5 W 5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
Y%R<:G7U:UW ;}M. E :U;$#MK E8E E #; E ;$>+M'78S E f 7 5 7UWi-""CoC=T 5 9}e;;$
e 5 1 5 e 5 78.W<+'7 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C= 5E +Re; 5 Va He'>,e 5 1 K;;$]-,1>7G +S+T 5 ;RWi
o o |C'A6=;ND o C'A6
5E8E 1>M;$NMK7US+T 5 '78+RM'7 ;$)MK E8E E C =iM'.e9zo<]b >H:URWi#U9LWi; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
E8E e; 5 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5%E >e:878;e:8L>M'-;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E
z+e%:G7U;&; E R E Rt+7UMK E8E ;>MK7U;C-Y%R 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 _]z.7J E R'e; 5 5 W
|CXC
U9W<; E 78>+R7 E '1I E e<9'+7U7UY%R'); E MK E8E b:G]Y%R 5 R 5#E +Re; 5 78RW<>e: 5 :G+e9
5 1M 5 7 #5 R 5zE >Re; 5 78RW<+e%: 5#E v<.RM[ 5 78.W<>.7 5 Ca= 5 7G'W<+'7 5 > EG5 VeLT 5
9)+787 5 ;$'7URMK78';;$C[= 5<E +Re; 5 V +e 5 e%:G7 5 R$p E RWi)+;+K39'+7U7UY%RK+b>WY%R
MK E8E 5 78..eML78>` 5 W 5 eL E :G7UML;$+MKW< E WiV% 5 7:Ue%: 5 VRW+787 5 5 L;:GN :U; 5 C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j YQ=^Û G LQY& 9Z :^ ;%K <6:; =?[>G =y DZ D^ BK ; [G v{
\
_ Z ayuvA`` HQJ YY6{o: GQK%J : H
d K :QM %n L YQ=^^b LQY&; y
yYQ=^QÛ LQYU6; {Tv/B ; {
e G N6G j G [G G [G H [G
g L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
i RRRSR ^ GTJ=> > G :Q:^%=Q;S< ;>LQ;&(:>: G&=JS^XHa=S=QVA= H6=S Y= Z ^ GSY [^ =Sn6LQ=QYQ:==A^^ G=o n:x%v >=cLQYQ=^Q^
k %6^ [KG >B; JKGUH B|n: Z?HG K Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^%=%<HG y{Z {G Z G
Frq a; JH[ G >= HK6Z LU::;%:fQf
FuF
Fr\ Q%n L Y%=^Û LQY& ^ 6; yuv/B v {
Fr_ G NG j G Z K [G HG K
F|d
Fre
Frg n Y LPp; %n L YQ=^Û LQY&6; yY%=^Û LQY%6; v{
Fh JO Z Z&[ G N6G j :G;&6^S [G>= LUvGL n [; G
Fri K%N G HK6Z G K6Z H
Frk %U> = Y >n ;Y `t : = Y RQRS^%=Y&p= = YQ=MLQ;%:Q:
\uq K:QOYQGS=^QK^ G LN [ J K O G K O6G G&HKG
\F HK H
\u\
\u_ Z a-LX`yuvAy`` H:JYY%Y6={^:^GQ{PK%J : H: = Y BLQYQ=^Q^& nyuv/B =b> B >=Q< {
\d H a-y3L H:KL YQ=Q: n :LQJYQ=K^Ô y LG LB|n6=%:ZbH[ {A{ H G Z G
\ue Z Z RQRAJ ^ Jv G^ LQYQH =Q:=! H ;cL :G&L HKYQ=Q: 6
\ug GSG Z KGt[G Z J
\h H L:B|n;U=Q: G&HKc` >HJ= YY LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n;^ ; Sl? :6L YQ=%: : = L l%{
\ui K%N H6G G HK6Z G K6Z H Z&K6Z H Z J ZbHN6G Z&K H G
\uk
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GAQcX D
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[*
_uq : = Y ` LB ^ RR = YQ=ALQ;%:: GUHKG ` K = O6G YQ= [ =MLQYQ=^Q^ G

_F J&n KG ON6G GL j YQH=^Û6H6;G [ QK6G%[; [G yuv/B O ; [ K O6{G
_u\ J : K = O Y G ` KG >n N ;Y [ RRP: G L J n G := K = O6G YQ=MLQ;%:Q: G&HKG
_u_
_d RRPp : a L&=c^ v ^ : a : L =cL :L YQ=Q: ^ n :6LQYQ=^Q^ ^
_ue n: Z p=G KGPZ OZ ;;QY G =GtH G L ZZ :6KL JG YQ=%:G JG n G H:6LQYQZ =^Q^Zy HKJ :YQ=[^G ^mJ;%: GZ <C HK G:YQ=^^ G {
_ug
_h
_ui Z a-a-yy;%:G <M`Q` `H` J YY{o{ : GQK%J : H a=Y^ G
_uk Z : Z : :G
dq : G%K%J : HGQK%JL Z HM:6L JK Y%J=Q:G J n G :6LQYQ=^^y;%: Z <C G Bn6=Q: G&HK {
dF
d\
W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%RêLM' E 5 5 78 5 ;+M' EGE a]^78 E +e%:U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi0""C C D W3t]+W
Y%Re;i;e 5 1 5<5 5 7G78VL>e E iU9LWi; J eM' E ;<M' E :8i;$0MK E8E E e'e9; E V
; E 178'I1+ E V[; 5E 5 e E :87GR$: 5 78 E ; 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E C=^ E :Gz 5 e%: 5 E :8W 5E v}W<.M''7G'_>p
; 5%E 5 W 5E W<]+: 5 ; 5E YR E 'W<M' E W)>e%:Git+7U 5 7878+W EGE E M' E :8 E V[ 5 7b EGEG5 VeT 5E +7UT 5
7G E >e:U; 5%E C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j YQ=^Û; [ Q69; :[;%G <:y=?Y%>==^ÛD6D; Bu[ 6; [G v{
\
d &n L YQ=^Û L%Y& ^ 6; yv/BLQY ^ {
e &n G N6G L j =Q:% LQGY& ^ Z 6K; [yuv/G BrpY ^ Z {K
g &n G N6G L j ; ^ G : L Z K LQYU[G ^ ; Z yKv/BL Y ^ {
h G N6G j H K J K G Z K [G K Z K
i &n G N6G L jGQK&N ; [ G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/B >Y Z ^ K {
k
dW 5E V 5 7UVy 5 78;7z;$NMK7US>T 5 ; E 178'I1+ E ;)'e E :8eK};z+M' EGE C#W<]+p
;=<>@?AB:CDCcA6!J/2H V$Y%R)7 5 +R7U#1p

: 5 ; 5 t+7U 5 78780+;zRWiz; E 1I7GKI1> E Y%R< E :8T 5E >e; 5 ;$>+M'78; E L>M 5 e};781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+Vy78z+;#RWiVBU9LWi 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5
78'I1+MeL:8L>M');$ E W3 5 M 5E C[? EGE b7 5 R78V% 5 e$ 5 7GW<W 5%E :878 5 7 5 78W<<""Cq V%] >H:U
u;$.1+7 E W<+e%:G};L E Y%R E -;$+M' EGE E Y%R}R$:G'M'._N- E :G78R$:8R78;$e.e9LW<+e%: 5 ; E
MK E8E E u 5 73W<+ 5 ; E :G78R$:GR7U9'+7U7UY%RK+;+M' EGE 5 787G>e:8C- R E *vVZ&178'I1+M
]b7 5 R7U;0eL#MK E8E b 5 787G>e%:GVL;$+ 5 E e E R E Rt+7UMK E8E Ve E Rt+7 E RL>78+M' EGE V3 E p
E .W 5 7 ;'e:8C E +Re; 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 VeiM''e9"I$VL.e;'>#Y%R0;$ E vW 5E E +Re;
I I
;=<>@?A7B:CDCA6"J/KH
5 5 7G7 +e+'0;)178'I1+Mte39.>7878Y%RKC m (:8M 5 5 787 +e+'+g$ E :G'7>V$RW+787 5 5 B;:GN :U; 5 C
j i:8W0L]>WRW<1>7 E T 5 ;$ Y%RbR$:8.M''_>#RW He' 5 78RW<>e: 5
78: 5 7GeL E +W<7807G'W<+'78 I
5 5 787 +e+');)178'I1+MPe)9'+7U7UYR');$MK E8E E C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G :L j;&=Q^P:Q G >L%Y&= 6; [9GLU:;%yv<=QL::Q=?n>G =LQY&; D6D; B([' G v{
\ K&N G HK6Z G K6Z H
_ ^ 6; n
d Z K:QQ[=Q:cG Y
e HK
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)%
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
g a-yuvA`` YY6{: K%J : H

h aZ ;&:yrnM`PHv/J Bp=Q:^(GQn u` HJ YYnM`Tn B H6G v K {
i
k =Q:Q; [GtI `y=Q:%6; [G {nB H ; [G
Frq RR KG&HK =Pn G <=Q: =B ;LQ;%:Q: H L Z = [ =tp=Q: Z% p G Y H = K = OG YQ=
FuF YP`S J : K = O Y G Bp=%: ZbH[ y I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=%< G {
Fr\
Fr_ RRS^ G LQ; H ^ G < JZbJ =tp=Q: Z& p G Yta; ZT[G a Z?HZ&[ = [%J =^Tp G V G ^Q6
F|d
Fre Z ay Y-u` HQJ YY6{
Frg K%N :;U H6G c BnG >;=^ HKZ ;LUv6B L >G n=QK6< Z ; H fy I lB|n6=;Y%^: Z&K6= Z ; H SLQlEY%=Q=Q:: Z = O l&Y{G l?f
Fh I Z&KZ H Z G G [ [G GQ[
Fri
Frk
= 5 :G,Y%R E +7U:G>7 KE :8'> E ;t E Y%R E 2;$1I7GKI1> E ;$ E 78.:8 E ;$+:G+78W<.eLWRW
'W) 5 7G:8e%:Gz E t>: 5E >Wie%:GK 5 ;M'.eR+W
X
I
++ z+g$ E : >eK-;Y%RM'Y%R>73 5 7GWi
;$<e.e9W<+e%: 5 ;$ 5 $v*: 5E ;$+e%:G7 5 ;zMK E8E E e'e9; E {;$. +78+e%:G;$z%I1 C l EGEG5
E .e +<Y%R E RWi#MK E8E ]3; eK;<e 5 .e%:G>7G 5 7^;bRWiiMK E8E VL;$R E 'e E :Ue+' E
;$ EGE E ;$R E MK E8E E0E T 55 $v*+: 5%E 5 W<M':UW<+e%:G};$ E :8.e%: 5E 5-5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 eLT 5
I
cA6!J/2H
78 E 'e;$;<+g E : +eLK);RW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 78 E >7^78'; 5 C fZ5 7:Ue%: 5 V ;+e%:G7 5 ;
MK E8E Vy E 178'I1+ E ;$>+M'78; E >W eT 5zE T 5 + E8E 1> E E :8;$0 5 7U; 5
5 W EGE ) 5 M :GK+% CF?dW ++ V
5 78]+W}V EG5 W<+e%:Gbi+M' EGE 5 RMK E8E E .e%:G>7GeL E < E :8%
5 ;+WR:G'M.'_>7^)+M' EGE XC
F R = YQ^Q=^ G > K=?>; [ b;X> n:;=L yJ^:{ =A== HYQ =^ y^Z >{9=A:;%=;<LQ:y;&^=?:>{ := H ^ DL DnZ Bu= :6[LQYQ;S=^Q^Ê> O y;^Y{;tv=UnH; = = =
\ nK ;%O6:MG Y p GPY K n B|n6O =Q: H B 9:K;L O6:G =Pn;&: [ >= :J= =G ; G n;T :QHK=Q: [ R
_ G G J G&HK J J GUHK [ [ K6Z HK
d n Y LT :QQ=Q:Ap=%: y : <MvC {
e JO Z HK ZbH[ K Z?H ZbHKXH
g :Q= Y nA` ;bn
h HK O G K
i HK :QYQ=^Q^ I
k
Frq NZ Y G yrn` HJ YQY6{
FuF
Fr\ Z ayan y ZbH ^ K = H`Q`tL G ;%saS{ HK :Q=Q: Pn B H =b> G B GQI%J =Y^yuv{{
Fr_ Z : H: y :QQ=Q:{n/
F|d nc`Xn B H6GGQvK%JK H HK
Fre
Frg ÀY p Y n
Fh I a-y G B|nG =QJ: `Q` YQY6{X: : YQY
Fri :Z : I B|n6=QG&H: K B HJ^ Brp=QGQ:K%J HSHyuvCJ {
Frk G%K%J HMI GUHK H6G KGQ[ Z?H[ H
\uq
\F n Y LT :QQ=Q:Ap=%: y : <Mv{
\u\ JO Z HK ZbH[ K Z?H
\u_ : GQK%J : H p=Q: ZbH[ yuvCDQ{
\d
\ue
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA @D X @
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /"
?dW E +R';Vd1+78+W 5E35 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%Rz:G7U:U&;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7z f 7 5 p

7UWi""C C 7G'W<+'787G:G); 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ] E 'W<M. E E +W<+M'9e%:8 J E )e%:G>7G 5 7 ;
;=<>?AB:CD >D7? HJCQKH V+e%:G7U;<eLi:8L>M';$ EG W0 5 M 5%E

eLM' E E +Wie%:GK+C^M' E :8z 5 W 5%E :8. 5E ;$3L7UW<:87 5%E ]3W 5 e%:8;i78YR E 0 5%EGE
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:GJ 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7NCZ? E8E W<]: 5 ; 5 ] E :8e:8 E >W)>M.9Le%:G 5c6 A "JC2H V1 E : 5
7 5 R7U7NVR E e; 5#5 W<]: 5 ; 5
e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8V E >783W 5E :G7U; 5 Wi E ;$Ke%:8V 'e;be E :G > :GRM 5 5 E ;$+:G+78W<.eL3+p
7U :8+7 'E :GK+ E 'W< 5 7:Ue%:G E ;(M.'eR+W}C?dM'aL>78 5 787Ga(9'+7U7UYR' ;$^MK E8E EJ 7 5 R7U
; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 e 5 W<J 5E :G' 5E ;$78W<:G7 5E R$:8.M'._N; 5%E C
= 5 :GYR-eT 5 ]7GNM'._N;e+e9 RWi1>7G +S+T 5E 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 J+e 5 e%:G7U; 55 R

eT 5 C l EGEG5 _ E +e%:GK; 5 V1 E : 5 Y%Rb:G+W 5%E >7:8+_N)Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 +g$ E :GJu3 E :8<e#+M' EGE
- c? o ?bD o CE H7D

5 7G78+e%:8utV 5 E 5 d+7G:8W<+e%:G).e E >7GK; 5 ez:8t+MKVez E <e%:G+78 5 7NCbO L>W 1>78;;$
Y%R^ 5 ;$+7 W 5E >1%.:87d E8E JL E Y%R E EGEG5 Ke; 5 5 e J>e:878;
e):Ut+MK); E W3 5 M 5E Ve 5 W 5 W<+e%: 5 +WY%R>M'0 5 'e E >7GK;V$e0 E be%:G>7G 5 7NC f[5 7G]>W}V
;$K;:8'>W<+e%:8V 5 e E ';$>78W 5E W<+M'9 5 7aeT 5
I
_ +pXM 5 (Wie:8+7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 .eMH:8+7U; 5 C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n :G ;UN6G^tL j >; H= ^ K : J LbL Kv6L9G :nLQ;%Y&<6:;; =?[>G =yD; DH B ^ K : J L K G LQY&; [G v{
\ K%N G HK6Z G K6Z H
_ :Q ;
d HK :QQGQK%LPN :A[M` K YY
e HK :Q=G Y HJ
g HK :QYQO=^QGc^ G ^LQY%=^^
h HK K&NZ
i HK^ :Q6Q; =Q: nK%N Z ^&p=Q:
k Z K [G
Frq =Q=Q:Q:QG; LQY&6; [ GAI
FuF [GPJ
Fr\ ZbHKPH
Fr_
F|d nAZ a-`tyuvAv/B ``; H/J B|n6Y=%Y6:{=b>: GQ K%J : H
Fre O [
Frg H `Ss
Fh RR>; =A=SY ^ =MLQ;?>m;^ n6;^ ;^n6=Q:b> :;^
Fri Y HK yrnu` Z KYY6{ K6Z [ GQK
Frk NZ G HJ
\uq
\F I ``yryr=Q=Q:Q:Q6G; LQY&6{ ; [G Bp{o=Qn:6^B H B ; [; G RRRR I ` ` H xtxSLQ;?LQ>m;?>= ; [G ;?LQ>YQ=Q:=! ; > [ ;o^ n6=Q; :b> GQK :;
\u\ J ff [G I H [G J H H GSGP[6Z G&H
\u_ H
\d RRP=L N =S= GUHK := [ = [ ; K6Z n; H = K = O6G YQ=
\ue
\ug G `S J : K = O Y G BLQY%=^^& Z?H[ ny I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=Q< G {
\h RRSL%; H ^ K :x Z =AY Z ^ K =MLQ;?>m;^ K6Z n6;^ [ ;^n6=Q:b> GQK :;^
\ui S
: ` t :Q Ly B > (:{
\uk nM`TnHG B H6G v HK K G G J [Z H
_uq
_F
_u\
_u_ Z a-yu::S`tu` :CHB J YpY6{ : yE{ RR p : =tY ^ =
_d ZbH G KG ZbH G KG Z K
_ue
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)
i i
/% àà BZ)*à@*<a
_ug RRT=L N =A= G&HK := [ = [ ;tLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%: H = K = O6G YQ=
_h K :`S J : K; = O Y` G B > GQK%RNRP; [< Zb=%H: [ =oy?lU>LQ; H ^; K : ;MJ L LQK ;&;%::: l:{
_ui J GQK%N [ K J [ K [ G&HKG
_uk RR L = > ;&p; ^L%;Un; = = Y%=MLQ;%:: G&HKG
dq J : KZbH= OZ Y GZ B O6JG < ZbHH LQ;bn GG yE{ H K O6G
dF
d\ RRn G <=A= G&HK := [ = [ =SLQYQ=^^ G LQ;%:: GUHKGPH = K = O6G Y%=
d_
dud K%NZ ^LQYQ=^^t`-y HK :YQ=^^{P J : K = O Y G BY G p G Y J n
de
dg K% N:Z ^&p= =Q:MY ` Bu= H6G Sy HKÛp:=QQ:=Q{:Cy?Rl K&R NZ ^LQlY K%NpZ =Q^:LQYQ=p^Q^YAsY;{L% =Yml ^lTLQ;?> W%> :;Ps
dh JG%K%JK : OHK %G n G [[` K%HNJ ZYY RQR K6Z n;Z?H [G J:Z GQK ;%: HZ%; G[ ;> K ; [ ;tK%` NH6Z GUHNJ > H G
di
dk H66GYQ;^ K6L%=ZbHY<M^t`P`csD RRRR H &p G YL =[GY V= H= Z?HNW%>=b> GU:H; K ; [pG =Q:LQ;>p= H[ ^S;^PYa;;%L%:= ^
euq &n G N6G L jGQK&N ; [ 6; [ Q6; [G ZbHyuv/Z B O Z ; [ Z { H G [G Z% GZ Z
eF
eu\ K B K: ; K= =YQY Y;B L%=YÂLQ;U`Xn 6YyE{;L& =Y^RRT3:RR H W%:>=SG :p;=%: [G p p=%:^SZ%Yp;GL%Z= ^S^ Y;=L%= Z =^ [ YQ;= > K ; [ ;
eu_ J K O G G&H[ G G%K6Z Z% GZ Z [ K O6G
ed
7:8.70;M'.e9L/V 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 W<>S>78+787 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie:8' 5 7U
DX? H
:G7ULM'97}e 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 e; 5%E 5 W<e; 5%E ,+g$7G EGEG E}E +7UT 5 eM. E ; 5E C
l eKKM'W<+e%:GV^R78;p E e178'I1+M C >e:878;; 5 W<]: 5 ; 52E >e; 5 eM..p
E ; 5 C 465 W 5 eT 5 +g E :G+WW<]: 5 ; 5E e'e9; 5E +W ++ V eT
5 7GN E W 5%E 78 5 R7GpXe 5E
X
;=<>?AB:CDBXD%/Q7; o6 N|D
+W E M'1I7 5 1M 5 7)e%:G>7G 5 7;$+ 5 E 78>+Rt+7UprM 5 Cz?dW E +R';VZ]U9W<; 55 W<]: 5 ; 5
eL}:8L>M'; EG W0 5 M 5%E 5 7G78+e%:GC& E +R 5 $v*:8.1 5 ]Wi7U+7 5
E :8; 5 >W Y%R E 3+e 5 e%:G7U#<:Ut+MK 5 7G78+e%:8b;$3W 5 ; 5 Y%R0 E :Gb 5E8E E >778>+RL>78; 5
Y%ReL; 5 :8+78W)'e7F0eM. E (; 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 C6 EFEG W0 5 M 5%E 'e E >7GK; 5%E eb:8L>M');$+ep
:G7 5 ; 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 178'I1+ E M 5 > E 3L7UW<:87 5%E 5 78W< E E T 5 7G+:G'78; 5E ;
:8L>M'(;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ;6 5 7GWi((eT 5 .e%:8+7G +78.7Ze(eM. E F; 5%E[5 R$:87 5%E W<]+: 5 ; 5E CA+W07G+p E
;$#Y%R#+g$ E :GiRWi:Ut+MK} 5 73MK E8E V#eLT 5 RWi} 5 7bW<]: 5 ; 5 V[ E8E 'W ; 5 E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E
I
BXD%/X; o ND D2H; o ND VLU9Wi;
: >WY%R 5 W<7G:G'M.9L7iW) E Wi-:8L>M' E +W Y%R}RW.e%:8+7 78-e 5,5 R$:G7 5 C W<]: 5 ; 5
Y%R378: 5 78e##:8t+MK 5 E :8; 5 E M'1 5 5 7 ] 5 e#M'.p
e9}o/zt E eM' E ); 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Cb? E8E E ; 5 E W<]: 5 ; 5E 5 7UW7G E >e%:8; 5E
e 5 + :GRM 5 C
5 M.:8e; 5 5 7 5 78Wi<""C V%1>W 5E eLbM'.e9L3 E J:87G'R'7 J 178'I1+M ? o C'A
I
78 +7 +eLK J +e%:878;i;+M' EGE b 5 7G78+e%:8ei:Ut+MK#;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C`?dW E >RK;V'e E >7G+p E
e<:Ut+MKi 5 7G78+e%:GRW<<>e%:G7U;i;$3RWii178'I1+MB 5 W 5 e 5 W<%$ C^ E8E 'W}VL;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5
I
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>VL 5 ;$+p E b_++7(78 +7 +eLK#i:UM[1I7GKI1>MB78i78 >7G>eK7 55 $v*: 5 5 7G78+e%:GV
5 W 5)E J_J+WI1CkW 5 R:G7 5 W 5 ; 5 ;$b 5 e E +R.76:8M+78 :G>7 KE :GK+ E +78K0;$NMK7U7 5
EG W0 5 M 5 *:G9 E ` 5 W 5 RW: 5 +e)78 E +781I; 5 { 5 W 5 VM'K E V 5 e%:GNF+W%I1CQ1e%:8>W
HD
;ie 5E8E i 5 78;>W]3Y%R 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E ;$0eM. E E >W<e%:GK+<b+7US+T 5 ;0$;$' 5 eLT 5
78>+ E W :G7U:U7`17GKI1>M;$@RWW 5 ; 5 E t>+'ML 5 7+g >W<M 5 VN+7GKeL; 5 p E kRW
e7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+% CM.]>W ;$ EGEG5 V 5 e 5 W7R$:G'M.'_>; 5 78 5 R:G7 5E e E V[ 5 W 5
e 5 W)-;$W<]: 5 ; 55 R178'I1+MXC l E : 5 e>W E +W<78] 5 W}C l Wi'eRWi,17GKI1>M^;$
'e E :Ue+' 5 W 5 e 5 W<*:G9 E UC ;> E T 5 ;$Y%RM( 5 7U;+W R$:G'M'._N7};$+t+e;-; E
+78 :8+7 'E :GK+ E6E +Wie%:8'> E Y%R E b;$ E vW 5 $:G>7^;)M.'eR+W)prM.1 5 C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA @@ X 7
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* //
ê%:G E ;U9Wi7beM. E i7U 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V['e;M.RWi E 178KI1+ E

E T 5 7G>7U; E
m
@CXC m
c^:GR7Ge%:* L^RL7U; 5 :8. 5 0;.W<+e E T 5 ;$)7G+: 5 7Ge 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 B 5 W 5E 3:878:8

;RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V$Y%ReT 5 78: 5 78e01IM 5 7>V)178KI1+MP]J'e'+'M.'_>;< 5 W
e E :G'ed17GKI1>MBYRb 5 e%:87 5 M' 5 e 1+M;$be'e9W<+e%: 5 >WY%RRW ;$:8+78W<.e; 5

5 WieL; 5 7GNJ;$+e%:G7 5 ; 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7 m
XH
=M 5 >M E 5 e%:8 5 e W<+7 5 ;$61I7GKI1> E M 5 + E ;$ e'; E e 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>C l e'+'M.W<>e:8

]i"V$ 5 E 017GKI1>M %$ av) 5 y'e E +78';C
5 78: 5 78e7(;eM. E <; 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V 5 XH

e W<>7 5 ;$)1I7GKI1> E M 5 > E R:G.p
M'._N; E e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]#R78;; 5 e}>e:878;}; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V[e:8L>M'; E W3 5 M 5E C? EGE
'e$ 5 78WiS+T 5 ]iR:G'M.'_>;}e}>78S+T 5 ;$#+ ;. 5 CzW)]+: 5 ; 5 :8+78W)'e 5 W }M'.W<t+_N;
:8L>M'CkeM' E (;0;>MK7US>T 5 ;$JRW W<]+: 5 ; 5 ] t+W E +W<>M.9e%:G J ;$JRW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7
V 5 7( E8E5 VBeT 5 78>+ E E +77G E >e:U;zY%RXC) E HeK+ E ;H >7G>eS+ E(E T 5 Y%RV 5 7 5 p
MDX?Q?'<ND
R787 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 eL#:Ut+MK; EG W3 5 M 5E VyR$:G'M.'_>p E 5 e 5 W<i; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R< E :8ze 5 e
<N|D
;0781 5 78 E 'e%:8:GK+(YR b17GKI1>M ]'eKKM'._N;b 5 W RW 5 v*: 5 ; 5 :G' 5
<N|D
VY%R .eL;$'> 5 :8. 5 3;$.W<>e E T 5 ; 5 78: 5 78e 5 E L>78; 5 t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 YR E :8 E +eL; 5
;$NMK7U; 5 C? E8E E ;$R E ;$. +78+eS> E <MK E8E E T 5 W 5E :G7U; E e 5 7 5 7UWi#""C'"> C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L jGQK%N ; [ G LQ9Y&:;%; <[:G =by >=mGQK%DN D; [BED? s G LQY&6; [G v{
\ K%N :;&^S G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n K6Z ; H
_ BPBtB
d
e RRT=L N =A= G&HK := [ = [ ;> K ; [ ; H = K = OG YQ=
g
h K :`S J : K; = O Y` G B > GQK%RNRP; [< Zb=%H: [ =oyuv/>B H =?> ; G ;MB Z >LQ=Q;&< :G: :{
i J GQK%N [ K J [ K [ G&HKG
k RRo : %n ` n; : ;%: ; ;> ; ;
Frq G%K%J :GQHK%JK %Hn KG ` G H6G K6KZ %n G [y KG B K %GQnK G H K B [[ Z >{ K [
FuF
Fr\ BPBtB
Fr_
F|d
Fre RRRRQRRRRRQRRRRRQRRRRRQRRRRRQRRRmY%=^^ K %n G RRRRQRRRRRQRRRRRQRRRR
Frg n6=L j =Q< G ^ G >= H =Y%^ Z ^
Fh
Fri
Frk Z >n;&: K ^&U> K = O Y G B
\uq n JO Y Z LALQYQ=^Q^ K %n G
\F n JO Y Z LT HK :Q= O Y GSK C RR G&HK := [ = H = K = O6G YQ= [ ; KZ n;
\u\ n JO Y Z L ZbHKS[Z > RR [6Z > G&H ^ ;
\u_
\d n JO Y Z L K %n G y HK :Q= O Y GMK ZbHKS[ {
\ue
\ug
\h K A>m` ` K
\ui [Z [
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA @Q X
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
\uk
_uq n JO Y Z LS K : Z?H < [ ^L%=Qp=y{
_F
_u\ : GQK%J : H HK := O Y G B^ K :Q Z >y [6Z >{Af K / B [ ^L%=Qp=y{
_u_
_d
_ue
_ug
_h
<N|D D o D7? H H<6 HD
^ 5 7U;78+W 5%E V$ 5 7UV 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5<5 R} 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>Ck^W0 5%EÈ T 5 :G7U:8; 5E t+M 5
W< E W 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V C l eKKM'W<+e%:GVL;$>1+p E (:G7U:87;<M' E :8;$
78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E C6? E :G E ;+1>W E +7 .e E +78K; 5E eL<:8L>M'i;$ E W3 5 M 5E 5 W 5 178KI1+ E
M<N|D D oo ACMx'AMD o C c?U HXD

M 5 > E e 5 78Wi E C l E : 5 ] +.: 5 V 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e0M.'e9io0; 5 7 5 7UWii""C.""V U9Wie; 5
: /N@A6A'>
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 b E8E e; 5 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5 iM' E :8;$
78W)+:G7 5E Y%R E :8)e 5 ei 5 7G78+e%:8V 5 R E *vV C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L jGQK%N ; [ 6; [ 9Q:;%; <[:G =by >=mGQK%DN D; [BEDQ6D ; [ Q6; [G v{
\
d R&R n K : = K =PL 6n6;=Q:L&=b>Y&GQ=QK :%:;MLQLQY&;>;P^ p6=Q;: Z% p yuvG YAB|n=QYQ:;=UL%>={Y
e G N6G j G Z K [G
g L%= ^ n :M`Pa=Y^
h H J G G
i Z a-yRJR : K =v O Y^ G BY G >p G=MY J ^ n n B|n=Q:6: LQG&YQH=K ^^ u` n6H=QJ:=SYQY6=M{ LQYQ=^^ LQ;&::
k G Z KGPJ J G G G G&HKG
Frq RRP=L N =Tn: Z > GZ :;MLQ;?>= H[ ; [ ;> K ; [ ;
FuF = > 6; nM`Pv/B^ =
Fr\ NK Z KY GG G&yHnK Z?[H G^ K = H L G ;%aS6K YQK;L j 6; [G {
Fr_ nA`-y K = KG > G&HK 6; [G {-yy6Y;L j 6; [G {on{B^ K = K ^B H ; [G
F|d
Fre RRTp G : Z a Z L%=c^ G SL N =b>= [ =c^ J n G :
Frg L%= H ^ J n G :Mòn ZbH ^ K = H L G ;%a
J n G :%6; [G
Fh
Fri :QM
Frk K %n L = > ; yuvCB^ = {
\uq G N6G j K KG G&HK [G K K
\F L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
\u\ K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
\u_ %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^%=%< y{{
\d a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H::K ;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
\ue
\ug
\h
\ui n Y LPp; %n L ;L%=Y&=Q:Q L%Y& ^ 6; yr ^ 6; v{
\uk JO Z Z&[ G N6G j G Z K [G Z K [G
_uq
_F Z a-:QMyuvA `` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
_u\ K %n L 6;L%=YU=Q:Q LQY&6; yy=%:Q LQYU6; {Tv/B ; {
_u_ G N6G j G [G G [G H [G
_d
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/o
!) q
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /o
_ue L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {

_ug K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
_h %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^%=%< y{{
_ui a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H::K ;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
_uk &n G N6G L j 6;L&=Y&=Q:% G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuvB HG v K {
dq
dF
d\
11.3 Anlise dos comandos
D7?Q H H< H7D ;:?A?=D >D?& HD C?

7G:G'7;$ E :G 5 e%: 5E +7UT 5 :878:8; 5Ez5E 5 Wie; 5%E ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 C=7GNM'';;$VRW
:G+W 5 W 5 5 78 5 RW He' 5 5 Wie; 5 ; 5 :G' 5 EGE
HD ?=B% HD

]):8W3t]+W RW<}+M' EGE ) E :G7U:8Y%Ri78+78 E +e%:8zY%RMKY%R+7RW ; 5E :8. 5E ;< 5 WieL; 5E V
??A?
5 W 5 RW V%L7U3RW 5 W<e; 5 UV 5 R V7U0RW 5 Wie; 5)E .W<M' E ;$
O C 7 o H7D
:87G'RKS+T 5 CZ=^ E :8 5 e%: 5 +WY%R E :UW 5E V:G+78+W 5%E V%+W +7UMXV 5b M.9 5 5 W 5 RW
V%YR E +781(78<7GR7a;$'1+7 EG5E 5 W<e; 5%E >e%:G78(RWRWC
78'W)>.7Ui1+78 >S>T 5 +.:8it+M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 M<ND D o D7? H H< HD V 5 RW)>M.9 5 7NV
'e'+';iY%RXV]0 5
W 7G>M'S+T 5 "J R:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 9
p t 7U).e 1 5 >
7 5 5 e E p
:G78R$: 5 0
7 ;RWi E Rt+7UMK E8E C E 7G>7U E 78}R$:8.M''_>prM 5&E T 5&E .W<M' E iMK E8E # 5 787G>e%:G
;$>1:8+7(RWi E RL>78+M' EGE 3;$NMK7U; >M. m E # 5 ;$ E +7(R$:8.M'._N; 5 ;$+e%:G7 5 ;3RW 5 e E :G78R$p
'm
: 5 7 (+M':8+WY%R E >7 5 78.W<>.7 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Cd R:G7U E 7G>7U E
5 ;+78'W E +7d;'+ 5 e; E V 5 W 5 +W I1VY%RèT 5 t+78W<H:8^JR$:G'M'._NS+T 5 ;$^178'I1+ E ;$
'e E :Ue+' 5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5%E ;#U9Wi;VWi E L7U 5 + E5 ;ie 5E8E <M.'eRL>W V
t+eL E E8E E :G7 I E 78+78 E6E +7UT 5 R$:G'M'._N; E C
X ++
; ND6 HD V$Y%Rb78+7G E >e:U<#U9Wi;<+W E XC`? E8E 3W)]+: 5 ; 5E +7U

1+78 >S>T 5 7GNM;$ EGE E 78+78 E ] +.:8;$+e%:G7 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R}:G7U:U,;eM' E
E +Wie%:GK+i;bRW e
5 e%: 5(E 17GKI1>M MDX?Q?'<ND 5 'eKKM'._N; 5 W 5 1IM 5 7 |CXC V 5 Y%R6>7U :8+78._N78'

1 E : 5 Wi E ;$Ke%:8Vye E :8<> :GRM 5 VyW< E 1IM.i;$'e%:87JY%RiK;$]>']<1>7G +7eY%R+M'
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G>e:8 5 W 5&E >e; 5 RW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7mk1+78 >73&178'I1+Myo A6ND Y%R
'e;$K+ E 5 5 Wie; 5 9 p t ] 5 ReT 5 t+78W<H:8'; 5 e 5 5 e%: 5<5 e;$( 5 B'e E +78'; 5 C 465 W 5
OC o HD V
W 5E :G7U; 5 e E M.'e9 E z"NVP#178'I1+M7GN+t 5 1M 5 71+7U;;+'7 5#E 0zMK E8E 3 5 787G>e%:G
; ND HD C= 5 :GY%RRW7 5 7UWib; 5 :8. 5

5E8E R[RWi E Rt+7UMK E8E E 5 78'W)>.7 5 ez;$0 5 Wie; 5 VP;$H >7G>e%:G0;3RW
]JRW
`\[:iSXd&:`S\&d '

iXT_&d

] E 'e%:8:GK+W<>e:801M.K; 5 ):8W0L]>W eT 5 ;$>1 E >7b 5 e E K;$>78; 5 5 W 5 RW<1 5 MKS+T 5 ; E
78+7U E ;$ E 78H:U E C fZ5 76 EGEG5 V 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 YR eLM' E 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 ;$ :G+7`Y%R 7 5 p
R787dL>M 5 9
p t V$ 5 7F;$.1+7 E5%E e 1+ E ; e.e9LW<+e%: 5 ;M 5 5E :G] +e 5 e%:G7U7 5 e
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:GJ 5 7G'W<+'7 5 5 Wie; 5 7GNMHUCkL E E8E 5 t+7US>T 5 V%<eLM' E E >W<e%:GK+

7 5E8E >RJ 5 W<eM. E (; 5%E 5 W<e; 5%E C
E8E 'W 5 W 5 ]J >H: 5 78<#+M' EGE NCD% H7D V #MK E8E ;?A?=D>D?& HD 7GNYR+7`RW
:G7U:UW<+e%: 5 E t>+'M`7U&;$ E 5 78'7<Y%RM 5 :8. 5 78>M`; 5 e, E +7ieM. E ; 5 CQ78.p
W<+'7 5 :8. 5 ;0 5 Wie; 5 Y%R3 5 ;$)7GN+7`]3RW M 5 5 V 5 R 5 WieL; 5 5 W) 5E : 5 UVtY%R
OC 7o H7D
E +781i7878R7b;.1+7 E5%E 5 Wie; 5E #]#78+78 E +e%:8; 5 e7G1 5 78 E 'e:U:8'> 5 7bRW
B=D%/7; o ND 78JWi78>7
C& E R&eM' E z]z E :Ue%:G E 'W<M' E V@ 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi,""C."I$C
ê%:8 E ;$ eM. E 7dJM. E :8;$ 5 WieL; 5E V]Û9W<; 5J5 W<]: 5 ; 5
D2H; o ND C#7G E : 5 ]iRW<U9LWi; <N|D D o ;:?A?&D>DQ:? ?& H7D VY%RV[ 5 7 E R
5 'e + 5 ;$#RW E 5 5 e 5 1 5 Vk;$+ 5 E ;&eM. E V]#78>M.'_>;}U9W<;} 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
1>_VI'e%1 5 + <N|D D o ;:?A?&D>DQ:?& HXD 7U^+;è0 E +W<786; 5 :8. 5l;?A?=D>
D ?& HD
;$>e:87 5 ;)M' E :8C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j Y;L j ; [G 9y:;%Y<;:L =bj >=m; [DG DBEvD {
\ : = Y B < L%;Un yE{RR L ; > ^LQ;Un6;
_ QJ%n KG ONG GL j O6 KG = KZbHG > GUHK G Z ^ K 6; [G Z?yuv/H B^ K Z = K ^[{GT J G
d J : K = O Y G B G&H[ LQ;Un G yE{RRTa Z?H =Y [ ; G ^LQ;Un6;3Y ZbO6G :=tp=Q:^BY;L%= Z ^
e
g
h
i n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j K = KG > G&HK Z ^ K 6; [G y Z ^ K ; [G v{
k
Frq
FuF Z ayuvS`Q` HJ YY{o: GQK%J : H
Fr\
Fr_ K :M %n L = > 6; y
y = > 6; {tv/B ; {
F|d G N6G j K KG G&HK [G K KG G&HK [G H [G
Fre L&= L y >= LUvL n ; {
Frg K N G HK6Z G K6Z HzG
Fh %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^&=Q< yE{{
Fri a; JQHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LbZbH:K:;%H:fGf G%KQG G
Frk
\uq Q %n G NG L j K = KG > GUHK Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/B HG v K {
\F
\u\
x'A6EHD:C o HD VIM.>W37Ue;
78Ig 'W 5 :G' 5 ;$( 5 W<e; 5 YR1>7G>W 5E ] RWi3;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$(178'I1+ E M 5 > E V%7G+p
78 E +e%:8;J 5 7FRWe 5 Y%RRWib;>MK7US>T 5 ;$ 178'I1+M 5 ;$
L78>>7^+WY%RM'Y%R>7 5 e%: 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C? EGE 3e] 5 W< E W 5 R$:8.M''_>; 5 e#;>MK7US>T 5
;$i178KI1+ E ;$i'e E :8eLK} 5 7b7G>78 E +e%:87J}W< E Wi 5 e E :G78RS+T 5}E 'e:U:8'>V>W3 5 7U E +p
Wie%:GK+W<+e%:G E8E E ;$RL EaE .:GRLS E 78>Y%R>.7UW S E L>W;$. +78+e%:G E C fZ5 ;$+7Gp E prKb78'7
; 5 E :G' 5%E ;e E ;$. +78+e%:8 E VkRW7U;$NMK7US E ;$1I7GKI1> E ;$'e E :8eLK 5 R$:G7 5
HeK 5 He' 5
;:?A?=D>D:?& HD V 5
7817GKI1> E M 5 + E C .e 5 e 1>e'+e%:G;$R E 7)RW :8. 5 ;ze-]Y%R
MK E8E (;$ EGE (e<]J;>MK7U;0 5 W 5)E RPMK E8E J;$ Y%R E +78'0RW 5 R 5
E :G7Ue9 5 e 5 > EG5 ;$;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178'I1+ E ;.e E :8eKC
=};$NMK7US+T 5 ;$<178'I1+ E M 5 + E Vy+W 78'W)>.7 5 M.R%7 E i;$>1VB 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5
;=<>@?AB:CDC o C'A7J/Q2HbN
'e + 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi&""C'">/Vy1+78 +7 E 5 :G' 5 R E ; 5 e;$NMK7US+T 5 +g E :GCz`:G'M'._Np E V
78:8M{V 5 W< E W 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C 1 KW<+e%:G<RW +787 55 5 7878 E
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/%q-
!)
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /%q
5 :G' 5 eT 5 ]}>e 5 e:878; 5 C?dW E +R';V@;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 / ;&M''e92"NV6+;

RWi; E 1I7GKI1> E ]0'e E +78';ei:Ut+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C(^M'RWi E 1>7G >S EE T 5 >H:U E V
1 E eL; 5 7P
<>1 H:U7` 5 e .: 5E e E8E E ;>MK7US E C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6:G;&L j^S; L%>=Y&= =Q:QLU9G:v6L%;%Y&L <6:n; =b[>G =m; yD=QD:QBED?G @ LY&6; [G v{
_ ^ 6; n
d =QZ :QK ; [G
e :QQ[=QGS:cI Y
g HK :Q= Y LJ
h HK O G
i
k Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
Frq RQRXn:;L J := K6Z n; [ = [G LQYQ=Q:=! ; H = K = O6G Y%= [G Ê> O ;Y;^
FuF LX`S : = Y BLQYQ=^Q^& nyuv/Bn;^ Z&KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G {
Fr\ RQRA^ GXJ HK ;tO =GL N ; J ZbH [
Fr_
F|d Z ayLT:`Q`;& HJ YMY{ >= LUvL n ; yuv/Bn;^ ; Al?YQ=^^
lf
Fre K%N H6G v/BnG;^ HK6;Z B >=QG < K6Z fH l ; Z&aK; Z H Bl&{
Frg a;%:yrnc`Tv/Bp=%:6^nZ&KZ ` H HJZ YY(G nc`XnH B H6KG v K { JH[
Fh
Fri
Frk IYP`-`t y:=Q:Q= ; [Y G {Bpn=Q:B H ; [G y B|n6;^ ; B >=Q< {
\uq J K O G ZbH[ I Z&K6Z H Z G
\F RRA^ G p=Q: Z% p G Y = G v Z ^ KG Tn: G L Z ^Q;S^%= O6G : I&J6GtK6Z n6; [G p=Q: Z% p G YS
\u\
\u_ Z ay Y-u` HJ YY6{
\d RRTp G : Z a Z L&=c^ G SYQ;L%=Y [G a ZbHZU[ = H ; G ^QLQ;Un;AL%;%:: G&HKG
\ue
\ug Z ayYB:^LQ;&;Un G c``S >J := K = O YLUG v6BL^Lbnn K :;{tRy RAB|n^ ;G ^ a;%:C; tQ6lE =Q: = Y l?f
\h nK%N Bn;^ Z&H6KGZ ; H B GZ >=QH< GK6Z flG=Y%K: ZG = H[ I [G LQY%ZU=QK6: ZGQ[ H l&{ Z O G
\ui
\uk RRSLBLBp G : Z a Z L%=c^ G J >=Tp=Q: Z& p G Y [G LQYQ=^^ G
_uq
_F Z ayY%BY^ ;L%>=YBuLQ; ; JHB|Kmn: sY{TRy?RtlE ^ G a;%l:f [TB|nJ;>^ =t= [; p G B : K < H L Z = f
_u\ KG lJK;Y > ZbHK lH f BnZ?H6;G ^ ; I B < Z&K6;Z Y H > O6G f ZbH ZbHG
_u_ l =Q: JHZ?HH </=Q:I Z = O Y GZ&KZlHf OI G B|n6Zb;H ^ Z&K6Z J; H H B Z >=Q< G f
_d C
l NZ&[G ^t=SLQYQ=^Q^Tp=Q: Z = O Y G l&{
_ue
_ug G Y^ G %R^ RA>^ G&BuH; ;B| n: J >Y=tpy?=QlE: Z% p G YtlfY;L%=B|nY ;G^ >m; J; K :B ; <G ^LQ ;bn; f
_h KG lJK;Y > ZbHK lH f BnZ?H6;G ^ ; I B < Z&K6;Z Y H > O6G f ZbH ZbHG
_ui l =Q: JHZ?HH </=Q:I Z = O Y GZ&KZlHf OI G B|n6Zb;H ^ Z&K6Z J; H H B Z >=Q< G f
_uk C
l NZ&[G ^t=on6=Q:=?> GQKG :c;&:A=SY;L%=Ytp=Q: Z = O Y G l%{
dq
dF RR ^ : =Pp=Q: p YAYQ;L%=Y = = YQ=cLQ;%::
d\ J : KZ?H= O GY G G Bu= [[ y Z% G H K O6G G&HKG
d_ S :Q=Q:y I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=%< G XL I B [6Z > 6Y;L&=Y^%ff6{
dud { HG HK
de
dg
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)o
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
7G'W<+'781>7G +S+T 5 ]0>W7G>M'S+T 5 5 R:G7U#178'I1+MM 5 +M[; eK;ze 5 W) E W 5 E p

5 5 Ck^M']+W; 5 5 78 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V+;3M 5 5 ;$ 5 Wie; 5E ;$ e(:8W0L]>WRW E 5 5
78J178KI1+ E C E8E .W}V%RWib178'I1+M$M 5 +Mt;$+1 E +76 EGEG 1+Mb7G:G'76; 5 5 e: 535 e;$` 5
;$NMK7U;<:8] 5i eLM; 5 M 5 5 e 5 Y%RMy 5 Z;$ eK;C`^Wi1I7GKI1>MyM 5 >MXVLY%ReL; 5 .e E +p
";=<>?AB:CDcA6"JC2H
78';0e3:8L>M');$ E W3 5 M 5E V 5 +R 5 *: 5 5 (;3:8L>M'V Y%RV 5 W 5 1 E : 5 e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8V
Re+ 5 e(e( 5 78Wi ;`RWiJ.M'9CkW)]+: 5 ; 5 'e'+'J(R E + E +W<78
; 5 : 5 5 ; E8E 0'M.9V78 5 7G'_>e; 5 V% EGE .W}V)7 5 R7U) 5 7`1I7GKI1> E M 5 > E C
^WiU9Wi;i ;=<>?AB:CDcA6"JC2H VeM.'e9 VL7 5 R7Uie#:8L>M'z;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E

RWi-1I7GKI1>MF 5 W 5 W< E W 5 e 5 W)Y%R E v- EGEG 1+MFe E :G} 5 e%: 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWiC m
S o ND
:8M`178'I1+Md 5 7i+e 5 e%:G7U;Vk+e%:UT 5 +7G:8W<+e%:G 5 5 7878+RRW +787 5E }+MK& 5 ^;$NMK7U;
A o NO?Q
e 5 E 5 5 5 787G>e%:GC f 7U#1+78 >7 E ) E : 5 5 e%:GN+RVP 5 W<78p E 5 >W< 5 ;
178'I1+MkY%R(v} E :8I1ez:8L>M' 5 W 5 >W< 5 ;:Ut+MK} 5 7878+e%:G<Y%Ri.eL;$'>
Y%RM`] 5 E 5 5 :GRM{C m z 5 7G>W 'R E V@RW +787 5-5 5 7G78+RC m eT 5 5 78+W .R E VF
178'I1+My>e 5 e:878;) 5 ;$ E >7^RWii178KI1+MyM 5 +MY%Rb E :U<+W 5 R$:87 5 E 5 5 VRW78p
W<:87 5 5 78WiM 5 RRWi3178KI1+Mt;$J.e E :Ue+');$>+M'78;e E :U<MK E8E 5 R>WRWi);$ E R E
;&<>@?ABCDCcA"J/EH
E RL>78+M' EGE E V 5 Y%RaeT 5 5 e E K;$+7U78+W 5E RW+787 5 +W ++ CZ=
5 :8^Y%R 5 5 W< 5 7G:8W)>e%: 5
;$ ;$3t E Y%R E 7RW EG W0 5 M 5
X
#7G:G'7 ; 5 : 5 5 ;<:8L>M'# 5 787G>e%:G
]z;$>Y%R; 5 V[ 5 E > EG5 RWi>e:878;}78&178'I1+M E *v>e 5 e%:G7U;V E +7U E +W<78
'e E :Ue+') 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G J ;$NMK7US>T 5 Wi E 7GN>e:8+W<+e%:8J .e E +78K;V 5 R E *vV E +W<78
e 5%E E 5 5E Wi E 78Ig$.W 5E 5 E 5 5 5 787G>e%:GC
\78Ig$.Wi<1>7G >S+T 5 E +7^ +.:8i] EG5 78RWi<178'I1+MB;$3.e E :8eKi 5 W 5 W< E W 5

e 5 W)6;^178KI1+M E +eL; 5 ;$ eK;C?dW3 5 7UèT 5E *v`RW >7G7 5 +W ++ VI 5 ;$+W 5E ;$1+7G:G'7
X5E5
C o AMC o ? e+e%:878;+e 5 e%:G7U;-eL:8t+MK;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C >;17GKI1>MFM 5 +M
5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7 EG5 78:UM(: 5 C f 7U,:UMU9>>+W}V^1>7G >W 1M 5 7}; 5 +W< 5
'e E >7GK; e :8L>M'V:87G'R.p E FRWeXHW<>7 5JE NY=k+e+'M{V 5 W<NS+eL; 5 5 W (78((178'I1+M

%$ V "L7U 5 78.W<>.7 5 7UW<:87 5 5 78WiMXV6 E8E .W E R+ E8E '1W<+e%:GC m 5 M'978W 5E)5
W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R'e E >7G E 178'I1+ E ;$ e'; E eL,MK E8E VF1+78+W 5E Y%R 5 1M 5 7#78 EGE
+W< 5 Ve 5 > EG5 ; E 17GKI1> E ;+M' EGE V] E >W)7G<pU"C f[5 7b EGEG5 V 5 ;$>W 5%E ;$. +78+e+'7
RWi)178'I1+MPM 5 >MB;$RWi<;$'e E :8eLKC
?^V eM'W<+e%:GV E &17GKI1>M`+e 5 e%:G7U;eT 5 E :8e 5 W) E W 5 E 5 5 eT 5 ]-;$

'e E :Ue+'V E ^78 E :8^ 5E8E ''M.K;;@;$aYR E *v`RWi1I7GKI1>MM 5 >M%+W RW E 5 5 ;$.1+7 E5 C
(0W< E Wi) 5 78WiV RWii;1+7G: >eK0](>W<H:8';C I
;=<>@?AB:CDC
AMHMH VNe3M.'e93V_ E8EG5 CZ>e:878;b+7GK;JL7Ub
^t E :GRL; 5 EGEG5 V E -e+e9 RW>7G7 55 5 7G78+RV`7G E :U,.e E >7G'7z1I7GKI1>Me:8L>M';$
:?=<Bx'A
EG W0 5 M 5%E CZU9Wi;b
178'I1+M ]^; 5 :G' 5 5E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E R$:G'M.'_>; 5E eJU9Wi;(; 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7 E T 5
5 e 5 W<`; 178'I1+MXV 5(E +R0:G' 5 V E RJ;$.W<>e E T 5 5E +R)e=HW)>7 5JE >Y=k+eLKMXCZQeXHW<>7 5
E +7d:87G'R ; 5/J 178KI1+M$]^ 5 e%:G7 5 MK; 5 t+MKJ178'I1+M OC 7o AMU
C VIY%R`].eKKM''_>;(e%:G E ;$
E `.eKK7deM' E `; 5 5 78 5 ;$^RWW<]: 5 ; 5 `.eL78+W<+e%:8;J+;(.e E +7US+T 5 ;$`178'I1+M
e#:8t+MKC= 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'M'; 5 7NVL17GKI1> E M 5 + E ;$ e'; E +W E 5 5E ; E v*Re%: 5%E eLT 5
5 W<7G:G'M.9LW 5 W< E W 5 XH
e W<>7 5 C
k+78+W 5E V 5 7UV+RW 5 Wie; 5E .W<M' E VWi E YR@'e:87 5 ;$R_@RWiê 5 1%K;;$VY%R@] 5 R EG5
; 5 +M'+RM 5 ; 5 :8. 5 ;$ag$78 E8EG E 7U U9>+>W;$F:G' 5%E Ck= 5 5 Wie; 5 T7d:b[XS_ T7d
:G>W 5E 89:b 5 W 5 RWi3+g$7G EGE T 5 YRLMKYR+7NV%;$ 5 7U; 5 5 W07UWi:8'>b;0M.'eR+W}C
t<N|D D o :?& HXD

s E`5 Y%RbY%R+78+W 5E ]t+78W<H:8.7 YR 5 7 5 7UWi(*'W<7G'WiIt+e E 1M 5 78 E Y%R E *vW
<ND D o N/D% HD

E :G78.e E CZ E8E .W}V$e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi<""C.">b_+p E
RWiU9Wi;& Y%R78: 5 7GeLRW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :G' 5?<ND }Y%R
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~X X
~ :}
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /
;$ E +7G>1 5 :8. 5 b<;$.W<>e E T 5 ; 5 78 E RM.:8; 5 ;)g$78 E8E T 5 C m E8E J78 E RMH:U; 5 eT 5 5 7^; 5
:G' 5 =(a;$6;$'W<+e E T 5 3eT 5 ]@t+78W).:GK; 5 .W<78.W<'7ZRW\7878I VNRW\>7G7 5 ] E 'eM'._N; 5 C
W 5 ; 5 5 W 55 :G' 5 ;+g 7G EGE T 5 ]<>MKRMK; 5 ;$>L>e;$#; 5 :G' 5 ;+g 7G EGE T 5 E +7U
;$ E +R$:GK; 5 e E >S>T 5 ""C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j 9: ZbHK ; [G 9y:9;%: <Zb:H=bK >=m; [DG DBEvD{ K%N :;&6^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
e Z ayuvS`Q` HJ YY{o: GQK%J : H
g RQR K ` KZ n; GT[6Z > G&H ^ ; [ ;P: G ^ J Y K = [ ; [ = G v%n: G ^^ ;
h
i K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n:{
k RQR K6Z n; KG > I%JG ^ G :M^ K : ZbH < GP[6Z > G&H ^ ; KG > I%J6G ^ G :As
Frq
FuF Z ay K :B K;& uÀM&Q >U= %LU9vL ]Qn ]K ; B [6Zyu>v/Bnu;`S^ sM{ ;
Fr\ K%N H6G G HK6Z lU^ G: K6<Z H v%n: ^^ Z&K; Z H : : l&{
Fr_ K ZbH G G Z H GQI%JZ GQ[
F|d
7GIg$'W 5 5 Wie; 5 E +7b1 E : 5 ]#RW d_X^=aLV[Y%R;$>1+78K E >7:8T 5&E 'W<M' E Y%Re%: 5
RW T7d:b[7StVtWi E M'RW< E 1+78 +S E ;$K 5 e E(E +7UT 5 e> EGE 78K E Ck*vW 5%E 5 7Y%R C I
f 78.W<>.7 5 V 5 7UYRJ0g$78 E8E T 5 R E ;3e RW 5 Wie; 5 ;$J+e%:G7U;);$;; 5E eT 5 5 ;$ E >7
Y%RMKY%R+7NCJ>1 I
E >7RWiz7G+ +7 +e+'#zRWi0 5E 'S>T 5 ;$)W<+W<78KI Vt 5 W 5 RWiz178'I1+M
5 R 5E 'S>T 5 ;$RW1: 5 7NCZ EGE 'WV 5%E 5 W<e; 5%E
d_X^=a^
d_X^=agK } c`
d_X^=a` Z3aZ3_)7
E T 5 1IM.K; 5%E V 5 5 e%:G7U78 5 ; 5%EÈ >R'e%:G E VY%R E T 5 7 5 .'; 5%E
d_X^=a^g
d_X^=a` aO_
eM. E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:8' 5 e 5E R$g$'M.K# 5 ;$ E :G'eR.7 5E 5 Wie; 5E 7 5 .'; 5%E C f 78):UMXV
5 5 WieL; 5 ;$)M'+.:GR7U]<;$ eK; 5 eL78W<:GK+ 5 W 5 p45V 5 Y%R)+M'.W<'e
M'Re E :8. 5E ;$b+g 7G EGEG E 5 W 5#5 ; 5 XH
L>e MH:8.W
X ++
5 g$+W<M 5 Y%R0+W 5E ;$bW 5E :G7U7NC
HM.:G'W 5 g$>W)M 5 V`RWi,1>_YRe 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 ; E R781 5 7G
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G@n55F 5 ;+W 5E :G>7[ 5 W 5 7U'_ 5%EE +R.e%:8 E :G' 5%E ;$Fe E BRW ?& H7D V
=T 5 +M'.W<'eV` 5 78]+W}V 5
62HD HD VRW x'A6 HD 5 RRWh AMC=CE HD C? E :GbY%R7G: 5 5 787G E 5 e; +g$:8W)>e%:G
5 HMH:8.W 5 +g$+W<M 5 ;$>1 E +70+1 H:U; 5 C fZ5 7b EGEG5 V 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%ReM' E 5tMD&M A H HD
RW
;$>1J1>7G +7`YRLMy] 5 :G' 5 ; 5#E +Re M'9 5 +R E 7aRW>7G7 5 > EG5iE v0RWh AMC=E C HD C
>1+p E 1>7G +7>V6'e;V E M.>H:8R78eLT 5 E :8 E +e; 5 >H:U,e RWi178'I1+Ma.M'+%MXC
fZ5 7 5 7G:GReVeT 5 :G>W 5E >W
178'I1+ E E #;$0M.>H:8R78 5 W 5 E 1 78'I1+ E k+W O:
X ++
%I1IC fZ5 7G]>WVg$ E :G3RWiiM.>H:8R7UiYRb]b'M.>Mei178'I1+M C l 8
E E5 e T 5#E 'e >iY%R S=Qb=i
E8E z17GKI1>MeT 5 5%EGE E >7R E ;eg$78 E8E T 5 ; 5 d_X^=atC fZ5 7g$+W<M 5 V 5EE +R.e%:G E
5 Wie; 5%EaE T 5 t+7G +.:8W)>e%:G1M''; 5E
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA s X
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
d_X^&aS&Qb=i|Z O
d_X^&aS&Qb=i|Z )S=Qb=i@Z 7
s E ]('M'+M 5 5 Wie; 5
d_X^&aS&Qb=i
^M']+W; E8E5 V E5 W<+e%:G(;; 5%E .e%:G>.7 5EF5 R E :G78.e E 5 ;$+W E >7FM'K; 5E J E8EG5 :UW3t]+W:8+W
Y%R E >7`1>7G +; 5 C
= 5 7 5 78Wi&""C'"No$V1+W 5%E .eKKM'W<+e%:G#1+78 >S>T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 ;ieY%R# 5 W)

I E
Sx'A66 H D
5 5 Wie; 5 C m #eLT 5 5 73RW; 5E :G7 :G' 5%E t+78W).:GK; 5%E V[+e%:8T 5 RW >7G7 5}5 5 7878+7UCi?dW
E +R';V6> EG5E *vRWe,; 5 :G' 5 Vk1>7G +p E E 1I7GKI1>M E >e; 5 M.K;]
XH %$ <iRW
Mc|CXC
178'I1+M[M 5 >Mke W<+7 5 C m ) 5 7NVy:G7U:Up E <;$ +787 5z5 5 7G78+7UC0= 5 :8#Y%R<7 5 p
x
A66 H7D
R78W 5%E )178KI1+Mte0:8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E V E ( E :U3eLT 5 5 7a+eL 5 e%:878;z V
e; E +7U >H: 5 5 E EGE >7G7 50E +7U3:G7U:8; 5 e 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 YRJeM' E 0Y%R+M'(e C
fZ5 ;$+7 W 5E :8W0L]>W 1+78 >7 E 'W<M' E W)>e%:G E 5 e 5 W<<;178'I1+M[] %$ VB>W 1>_i;$
7 5 R7UprM')ei:8t+MKC fZ5 7 W ]b1>7G +; 5iE 5 :G' 5 ;ig$78 E8E T 5 7G E RMH:Ue%:Gb]3.e%:G>.7 5
5 R E :G78.e< E );.W<+e E T 5 ] V 5 E eLT 5iE J 5 ;$M.>7`RW7G7UIC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j G = [ 6; [G y9 :G ;%= <[ :6=b; >[=mG DvD{ BED K& N :;&^S G >= HKZ LUv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
e Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
g RRXp : a L%=c^ ; xPa Y ; > > n;Pp Y ;
h G Z Z G H Z N KG J KZ Z&[
i Z a-yAPyv/vCBB G v%v%nn:: ZbH ^^ K == H LL G ;%;%aSa
; K 6vQ; [G; ]]
k vCB GG v%n: ZbZbHH ^ KK = HH L GG ;%aSH=Q[:Q6G ; [G [{AG { ]]
Frq
FuF K%N :;U H6G c G >= HKZ LUv6L G n K6Z ; H yuv/B|n6;^ Z&K6Z ; H
Fr\ RRXp : a L%=c^ lU >H p=t=Y= Z&[M: G v&n: G ;P^^ n6Z ;=%Hz:=ZbH l : G =^[ l ^ K = KG > GUHK l%{
Fr_ G Z Z G J K ZbOQJZ K%NZ
F|d Z a-y v/B G v%n: ZbH ^ K = H L G ;%aA=Q:Q; [G {
Fre HK :QQ=Q:Apt`t J : K = O Y G Bp=Q: ZbH[ yuvCB G v%n:CB|n;^ Z%KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G {
Frg
Fh Z aypu` HQJ YqY tp/BY;L&=YLQ; JQHK ``Ss{XRRPS=Tp=Q: Z& p G YAY;L%=YSs7
Fri
Frk K&N :;& v/HBnG c;^ G >=; HK6oZ LblE v6=L G n K6<Z ; H y ;Pp=Q: = Y lf
\uq ll K%NZ&KZ Z^QH l Z ^ HG ; [6K ZbHY G <=ZbHYK l%{ Z O G
\F
\u\
\u_ RRXp : a L%=c^ ; n6;SA^ : <c;
\d G Z Z G K6Z K ZbH JcZbHK
\ue K a-`ty %B n G N6uG`SL j%%v%nU:G6&; [9G i yv/B G v%n:{ B u`MU% 9z{
\ug Z K K:;U c >= LUv6L n ;K K y
\h K%N H6G v/BnG ;^ HKZ ; oG lU K6pZ =H Y %n B ^
\ui Z&KZ H H ZU[AK G QJ KtO6GSZbHK ;&:c^ K : Z?H <l%{
\uk RRXp : a L%=c^ ; =Q::=Q
_uq G Z Z GXH6 G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"
!)o/
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* "
_F Z -a y K B [: Z;U> u`ScsM { >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl?Q= ; : = =Q:Q:=Ql%{

_u\ K%N 6H G G HKZ G K6Z H Z&K6Z H HH K G [
_u_
5 WieL; 5 d7_&S=7d=[#] E :8e:8 5 WRWRT7d:b[7t
E 'W<M' E W0RH: 5 S CkH e'> 78>+'; 5
e 5 1 K;;$3])Y%R 5 :G' 5 ;g$78 E8E T 5 n9: G ^);$+10 5 'eK;$'7( 5 W 5
eT 5 ]) 5 e9>K; 5
5 5 e%:G
HL; 5 ;1I7GKI1>M D7Q ? :?< ND C m 5 7G E RM.:8; 5
:G' 5 ;$`7G+: 5 7Ge 5 ;$NMK7U; 5 78 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C[ EGE 'WV1>W 5%E e 5 7 5 78W<3""C."N Y%R 5 :G' 5
;i+g$7G EGE T 5 ] |CXC V EGEG5 .eL;$'>Y%RbeLT 5 9#RWiig$78 E8E T 5 e 5 5 Wie; 5 5 :G' 5 +W
;g$78 E8E T 5 ]# 5 W<78; 5 5 W
MD7?%C<ND ;$+1 E +7a:UW0L]>W @CXC V .eL;$'>e; 5 :G7U:87p E ;$RW 5 e E :87GR: 5 7NC

m 3ieM' E b;<+g 7G EGE T 5 7G+: 5 7Ge)RW:G' 5 V>e%:8T 5 1+78 >p E E 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 787G>e%:G
]JRW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7aV+ E5<E *vV$RW+787 5 ] E 'eM.'_>; 5 C 4 EG5 e+W)+g 7G EGE T 5 e+W 5 :G' 5
;$)7G+: 5 7Ge 5zE vWe RM 5E Vt1+78 +p E E 5 :8. 5 <;.W<+e E T 5zE T 5 'RL E C= 5 :G<Y%R0YR
9}RWt>Y%R+e 5 .eL 5 e 1+e'+e%:GC m R 5 e9W 5%E Y%R#+g 7G EGE T 5 7G E RMH:8i+WRW 5 $v*: 5
;$#RW :8. 5
L V[Y%R 5 :G' 5 ;78: 5 7Ge 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5&E v
L Y%RL E v
RW ;$ E ++e;+e%:G;$.78: 5&5 R.eL;$.78: 5 ;$
L Ck= E8E }+ E5 V[RW +787 5&E +78K.eL;$'>; 5
5 7 5 78Wi; 5 7(;$>1>7GK_>+73 5 e 1>7 E T 5 78 5 :8. 5 5 787G+: 5 CM.>H: 5 73Wi E :G>e: 5
;$>1 E :87 E t+78Re:Ue; 5 5 W 5 E8EG5 5 ;$>7GK E >7` +.: 5 viY%ReT 5 9<RW 5 t+7U; 5 7^;$
5 >78S>T 5 >W ++ CZk+78+W 5E V +W E +R';V 5 5 WieL; 5 ;$J:87G'RKS+T 5 J 5 W 5 ) 5 +7US+T 5 ]
+.:8C
X
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j GQK%J : H 6; [9G :yr;% <GQ:K%=bJ >: =mH 6D; D[GBED? v{ K%N :;&^S G >= HK6Z Lbv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
e RZ a-R yuvA` `` nHJ; YY6{: >GQK%J :^ H ; ;T: ^ Y = ; = v%n: ^Q^ ;
g K KZ Gt[Z G&H [ G J K [ [ G G
h K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yv/B G v%n:{
i RRXp : a L%=c^ < =YS=; n; ;> ; ;MLQ;%::
k G Z Z G Z J KZ [ K [ GUHKG
Frq Z a-y RKR `Q` `H` J YYMYY{ ; > v&n: ^^ ; ;P: :
FuF K HJ H6 KG G G H G%K%J H
Fr\ Z ay(: GQK%J :: HK %n G `Q` HJ YY{
Fr_ GQK%J H
F|d G Y^ G RRS:;&^ G GQcK%J : H>K %= n G LU` v6HL J n YY ;G yuv/J B|n>t;>^ K ; ;[ ; G&HK ;P6
Fre K%N H6G G HK6Z l G K6: Z H v%n: ^^ Z&K6; Z H : : l%{
Frg GQK%J HcG G Z H GQI%JZ GQ[
Fh Y^
Fri G G
Frk
\uq Z ay :GQK%;&J : HK %cn G >``= HJ LUYQY6v6{TL Rn RP: ;GQK ;%yuv/: H B|n; ;^HJ >z; LQ; H ^ K : JK ;%:C Q6
\F K%N H6G G HK6l?Z ; ^ G: K6L Z ;%H:mL%= ; Z&K6Z: H : =Tp=Y l%{
\u\ H K J K HQH K G%K%J H J6G
\u_
\d RRtLQ;?>n=Q:= n6; > ^ ;
\ue K6Z Gt[6Z G&H
\ug Z a-y K B K:;U u`TcG%K% J >: H= K %n GLUB Kv6L n ]Q];K B [6yuv/Z > B|n6;u^`P G%;K%J : SHK lU% n Gp=B [Y Z >-:{ : %n l&{
\h K%N H6G G HKZ G K6Z H Z&K6Z H H ZU[ GQK%J HcK G
\ui
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%
!)o
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
5 WieL; 5 ;^:G78'RKS+T 5 ] E >W<+M'9e%:G` 5 5 WieL; 5 d_X^=aJ1 E : 5 e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8V 5 E

RW1M 5 7J;$>1 E >7(7GWi_>+e; 5 e RWi# 5E KS+T 5 ;$)W)>W<78'CJ= 5 > EG5 ;:87G'RKS+T 5 V 5
:G' 5 ;+g 7G EGE T 5 5 ;$ E >7JY%RM'Y%R>7 RWV 5 7G]>W E ;$+Wi E 7G>7U E ; 5 5 WieL; 5 d_X^=a
'e;-1M'+W}C EGE .W}V 5 'e 5 ; 5 7 5 78W<""C'"Iq:8]-M.'e9o#v-]} 5 e9>K; 5 ;
eLM' E b; 5 d_X^=aLCF> 5 E VP;$+1p E 1+78 >7 E 5 :G' 5 ; 5 MK; 5 E YR+7U; 5 ;#:87G'RKS+T 5 ]
5 W<: 1+MB 5 W 5 1M 5 7`;<g$78 E8E T 5 ; 5 MK; 5 ;.78+.: 5 C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j K : ZbO ; [G 9yu: ;%K <: :Zb=bO >=m; [DG DBEvD%{ ' K%N :;&6^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
\ %n D
_ K GPK K
d HK :QQ=Q:ApC
e
g
i RRXp : a L%=c^ ; xPa Y ; > > n;Pp Y ;
k G Z Z G H Z N KG J KZ Z&[
Frq Z a-yAPyv/vCBB G v%v%nn::DD ZbH ^^ K == H LL G ;&;&aMa ; K 6vQ; [G ]]
FuF GvCB v%n:D ZbH ^ K = H L G ;&aMH=Q[:Q6G ; ; [{AG { ]]
Fr\ G ZbH K H G [G
Fr_ K%N :;U H6G c G >lU= HKp=Z YLUv6L GY n K6a Z ; H ^ yuv/B|n6;;%âAZ&K6=Z^Q; ^ H < > l%{
F|d H Z&[ G K Z&[G Z H G&HK
Fre RRXp : a L%=c^ >=t= : ;Pn6=%:=l ^l
Frg G Z Z G J K ZbOQJZ K%NZ
Fh Z a-y v/B G v%n: ZbH ^ K = H L G ;%aA=Q:Q; [G {
Fri HK :QQ=Q:Apt`t J : K = O Y G Bp=Q: ZbH[ yuvCB G v%n:CB|n;^ Z%KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G {
Frk aypu` HQJ YqY tp/BY;L&=YLQ; JQHK ``Ss{XRRPS=Tp=Q: Z& p G YAY;L%=YS7s
\uq Z
\F
\u\ K&N :;& lHG^c^ < G >= H< K6Z Lb;Pv6pL=QG: n K6= Z ;Y H yv/lB|n;^ Z&^QK6Z l ; H ^ ; Y <=Yl&{
\u_ Z HZbH K Z O G K%NZ Z H K G
\d
\ue
\ug
\h K D`t`t%%nn G N6G LL j v%v%nn:: G 66;; [G yuyuv/v/BB G v&v&nn:: DQ{{
\ui K G N6G j G [G G
\uk RRXp : a L%= n;^ =^ v%n: ^^ ^
_uq RRXp G : Z a Z L%= K6Z > ^[ ^ G G G
_F G Z Z [6Z G&H G
_u\ Z a-y K :D;UB [6Z > cu` K> = B [6Z >LU{ v6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
_u_ K%N H6G G lU HKp=Z Y G >K6Z H ^ ; ^ Z&K6Z=^H ^ < > l&{
_d H Z&[A[6Z G&H Z H ZbH Z H G&HK
_ue RRXp : a L%=c^ YQ= ; ^ : ;S >=SLQYQ=^Q^
_ug G Z Z G [ G I%J6G [ J GAGP[6Z : GZ&K ;S HJ YY
_h Z a-y K: DB K : Zb H ^ K = H L G ;&aS HK :YQ=^n^ K B K M``TQ6% Q9{

_ui GQK%J H
_uk RRXp : a L%=c^ A^ LQYQ=^^
dq G Z Z GPK JO GS[GtK D
dF Z a-yAP:;Uy Z ^Q JcO YQ>==^^y KLUB Kv6CL nK DB K; { yuv/B|]Qn6];^Z ^Q JQ;O YQ =^Q^y K DB K C K B K {
{t{
d\ K%N H6G G lU HKL%;?Z >n6= G K6Y Z H %n ^PaZ&;%K6:tZ =H ^^ < > l%{
d_ H KZbO GAK G Z H G&HK
dud
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~ X
~
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* /
= 5 :GY%R(; E8E >W 5E 5 W<: 1>Mt(eT 5 'R E CZ= 5 7 5 7UWii""C'"Iq V :87G'R.p E ( ?5
:G' 5 ;Jg$78 E8E T 5 ; 5 M'; 5 E Y%R+7U; 5 ^ ? V 5 ; 5 MK; 5 ;.78+.: 5 C[ E 1>7G +S E + :GRL; E
E T 5 EÈ +R.e%:G E
M''e9}/1>7G >p E E i E ;$'W<+e EG EJE T 5 'R E C fZ5 7J+g >W<M 5 VB7G'W<+'78:87G.p
R'S>T 5 E >R'7@] L>7 >H:UW<+e%:8M'+M{CZ E +Re;Ve 5 +e%:8e%: 5 V%eT 5b5 ](;$ 5 7U; 5
5 W E :8)7G>7UC
b[XSV O
[_Yb[7SV } }

M''e9,/%q$ E ? ]RW :8. 5 Y%RMKY%R+7#Y%R}78+78 E +e%:8-RWiMK E8E , E R>e:878;
eL:Ut+MK])RWi : ? =< C
A VB)eT 5 RW :G' 5E .W<M' E E Rz+e%:G7U; E +78'RWi

?=<X; "> NKCD V 5 M'; 5 ;$'7G>H: 5 78 E RM.:8)ei 5 e E :8e:8[=chXh V +e%:8T 5 <:G78.R'S>T 5 ]
M'+%MXCa1M 5 7^;$ ? ]b 5 W<78; 5 5 W<+e%:878;iY%R.e E >7G'W 5E e):Ut+MK<7U
78+7G E >e:U7 RW :G' 5 E t>KM[78 5 1M 5 71[=chX
h VLe 5 'e 5 ;$ E :Ui E <;eM' E
E +Wie:8'>Ck^Wg$+W<M 5 1M''; 5 RWeT 5 1M'K; 5iE >7GKW}V 7G E t>:G'1W<+e%:G
h=îXi e
[=chXh
b[XS
[=chXh

M''e9"^1>7G +p E E 5 :8. 5 >W ? ] E RPMK E8E <; 5 :G' 5 +W ?5 R-1 '+pr1+7 E C
E ; 5 E + EG5EÈ T 5 ++.: 5%E 5 W 5 M.> E C
=^ EGE pHMH:8.W 5 + E5 V@1M'RWi-+g$M.K+S+T 5EG5 78} E +Wie%:8'>-Y%RY%R+78+W 5%E ;7i
E :G0 5 Wie; 5 C f 7G'W<+'7 5 V E 5 :G' 5 ; 5 MK; 5 ;$'7G>H: 5 5 7 RWi E Rt+M' EGE b; 5 :8. 5 ; 5 M'; 5
E Y%R+7U; 5 Vt>e%:8T 5 z:G78.R'S>T 5 ]0 >H:UeL:GR78M.W<+e%:8V E +W7 5 M'+Wi E Cb= 5 > EG5 'e 1+7 EG5 V
e%:8 E ;#_>+73-:87G'RKS+T 5 V 5&E E :G+Wi;g$NRS>T 5 _z 5 70 5 e%:8}787GK 5 >78S>T 5
; 5%E :8. 5E C@ 1%KW<>e:8V E J) 5 +7US+T 5 eT 5 R;+7 E >7@ >H:UV$RW+787 5 ;(+g$>RLS+T 505 5 7878C
k*vW 5E RWg$+W<M 5
`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci

b[7Sf:_&S=Q '

]^d }
]^d ~
]^d
]^&d } [_Y '
]^&d ~ ]^&d }:
]^&d ]^&d }:

`&h=î=i _ S7_[aci

i i
i i
i i
+
%&

,
!)o
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
ZXZXZ

`&h=î=i

ZXZXZ

=z78.W<+'7U#:87G'RKS+T 5 V ]7^&d } ]);$0RWi E Rt+7UMK E8E 0;#+g 7G EGE T 5 ; 5 M'; 5 ;.78+.: 5 V
E8E .W b:87G'RKS+T 5 ]^ +.:8 E +W 7 5 M'+Wi E C= E +Re;Vg$78 E8E T 5 E YR+7U;(]; 5 :G' 5
VPY%R3]0RWi E RPMK E8E 3;MK E8E 3;$ n]^&d } Vt EGE 'WVP:G78.R'S>T 5 ]3 +.:8W)N;$Ke%:G);
5 >78S>T 5 ;g$78 E8E T 5 ;$.78+.:87U 5 :8. 5 +e 5 e%:G7U; 5 e 5 MK; 5 E Y%R>78; 5 C 465 W 5z5 :G' 5
78>M[;$ l]7^&d } ] 5 W< E W 5 Vte>e9 RW7 5 M'+Wi 5 5 7G78C(#ei:8+7U+'7U#:87G'RKS+T 5 VL:G+W 5%E
RW+787 5 V$ 5 E :G>e:UW 5E _+>7i 5 >78S>T 5 ;$RW 5 $v*+: 5 L7U)i+M' EGE V 5 Y%RbeT 5 ]
5E8E 1>M{C[? E8E ^>7G7 5 eT 5 ];$+:G>:8; 5 t+M 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E >Wie%:GK 5 7G E RM.:878(e RW+787 5 ;$
g$NRS>T 5 C
& =;:B o C'A

2
?78:8. 5EE .W<M' E VY%RM(]-7G>7U n +W}V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 W 5%E :878; 5
e 5 7 5 7UWi2""C'">:878:8:UW3t]+W;$-Wie>.7U, 5 7G78:U E :G&> EG5 C Re; 5 RW; 5%E
78RW)>e%: 5E EGE ; 5E 7U+M')]iRW :G' 5E 'W<M. E V+M'i7G+: 5 78ez1>78;;$+'7 5zEG5 W<+e%:G E
55 R$:G7 5 ]0g:UW<+e%:8 5 W< E W 5 :8. 5 C EGE .W}Vy:87G'RKS E Y%R0+e 1 5 M.1+W:G' 5%E(E 'W)M. E
I
: >WY%R(:G>7^+WW3 5Ea5%E M'; 5E +g:8W<+e%:G 5 W) E W 5 :8. 5 ;$Jg$78 E8E T 5 C
F n :; K G L KGQ[tO ;;Y G = HZ ^Q JO YQ=^^y 9H:K ;%:Q<:=b= >O =mY G

DDK BEDD?( HK :Q= O Y GSK {
\ RRXp : a L%=c^ ^ ;S;> ^>; n;-yup=Y n6=%:= n6;^S^ >nY ^{
_ G Z Z G G KZ G K6Z Z G
d Z a-y : K Do:`Q` K: {
e GQK%J HMK JG
g RRXp : a L%=c^ ^ ;ALQY%=^^ ^
h G Z tZ y D G ^ = L ;%aSG :YQ=^^q
i Z a-y : GQK%J : H K a=YZbH^ G K H G HK KSZbH ^ K = H L G ;%aS HK :YQ=^^{M{
k
Frq RRn:;L := =^S^ n :6LQYQ=^^ ^ D
FuF a;&:y( J :KY%X=H^^XncJ`G yy :GYQ=^[^GT{ K D%{B|n6=Q: n u` YY(ncòn B|n6=%: {
Fr\ HK HK K G&HK HJ G&HK
Fr_ : :Z aay=nMY^ `` K {o: G%K%J : HMK : J6G
F|d G%K%J H G
Fre
5 WieL; 5 iXT_&d ZXZXZ ]iR E ; 5 e 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7;$<RWi;$:8+78W)'e;}MK E8E )7U
_>+7Gp E )RWiU9LWi;z 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7(; E R E RL>78+M' EGE C) E 1>7G >S E Y%Ri;$>1+W
E +7a +.:8 E 7U01IM.K;7 5 5 WieL; 5iE T 5

1+78 +7 E 5 5 Wie; 5 E :8 E >e; 5 R E ; 5 ;$>e%:G7 5 ;$RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 'm

1+78 +7 E J+M'] 5 7G'W<+'7 5 5 W<e; 5 ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 'm

1+78 +7 E iMK E8E (+WYR 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7a E :8< 5E8E RyRW< E Rt+7UMK E8E &m
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%o
!)oq
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* %o
1+78 +7 E ) E RL>78+M' EGE b 5E8E RRW 5 e E :87GR: 5 7(Y%R3+ E 0 5 W#U9LWi; E +eL; 5
XH
eM' E ;ze W<+7 5 J:8. 5 ;$J78W)+:G7 5E C
k*vW 5%E VL+e%:8T 5 V 5 W 5 E8E E 1>7G >S EFE T 5 'W<M.>W<+e%:8; E e 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie$p
MD7?%?<ND |CXC
:GK 5 f 7 5 7UWi)""C."NC78.W<>.7UJ 5 eL;$'S>T 5 ]^1+78 >; 5 7dW<+ 5 ; 5 1M 5 7d;J178'I1+M
No A6ND J 1IM 5 7 Q
? :D e 5 'e 5
V+Y%RVI 5 W 5 1 E : 5 VI] Y%Re; 5 RW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7 E :8 E +eL; 5 eLM' E ; 5 CB?dW
E +R';VPR$:G'M.'_>W 5E 1I7GKI1>M V YRLMZ 5 k:G78.R ; 55
;zeM. E 0; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V E 5 78'W)>.7 5 5 Wie; 5 ]3RW<zU9Wi; p 9
C?@e:UT 5 V E 3 EGE
178'I1+M](1>78;;$>.7UV E :UW 5E eM. E e; 535 78.W<>.7 5 5 Wie; 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V 5 7G:8e%: 5b5
5 Wie; 5 ]0M'+%MXCb= 5 :GiY%R0M 5 5 L E EGE #1+78 >S>T 5 V 5 1IM 5 7(;178KI1+M]<W3R;; 5
;$<W 5 ; 5 Y%RiY%RM'Y%R>7 5 R$:G7 5 5 Wie; 5 iXT_&d}Y%Ri78>S>#e E :8< 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7(eT 5}E v
++.: 5 C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j J n G :Q; [G 9y: ;%J <n :G =b:Q>=m; [DG DBEvD { K%N :;&6^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
e Z a-a-yuyvA `` H: J Y&Y6n {: GQuK%` J : H Y Y6{
g Z :GQK&;UJ HK cG >= HJ LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
h K%N H6G lU^ G n H: KZ ^t; GY%SK6Z=YH Y;& Z&K6ZL%; H ^ : L ;%:^l%{
i J G Z H GQ[
ZbH H K J K
k
Frq Z a-yA :;UL&= H ^ J ncG : >{ = LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
FuF K%N H6G lU^ G n H:XK>Z ^ G K6Za H:6^ ^ = Z&K6>Z H
Fr\ J G J KPO6G Z K K KG G&HK
ZbHAK%N6G LQ; H ^ K : J L K ;%:l&{
Fr_ L%= ^ n :M`Pa=Y^ 3RR ;Xn :U> ; :;A^ n :
F|d H J G G H6 G Z&KG JK J G
Fre RRnc=&n; =Tn6=%:=S= := = =A^ n :6LQYQ=^^ =MLQY%=^^ L%;%::
Frg :Y%=H^K^Xnc`P : =G&HKY B[Y p [ Y n J B|n6=QG : GA[ G G&HKG
Fh Ha-K yrnc`` YY6{ J K O G G G J G&HK
Fri Z :;U HJ c >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
Frk K%N H6G G HKZ G K6Z lE6H ;A^ n :6Z&LQK6Y%Z=^H ^Pa;%: ^SL%YQ=^^l&{
\uq J G K%NZ
\F RR B tn6;^^ >c :Q LAL%;?>;^ n;^ ;ôn6=%:b> :;^
\u\ K K JZJ HK G K6Z [ GQK
\u_ KRR`tn:%;nL G : N6=MG L;Aj LQv%; n:^ G : Z ^ K;%: ; [G= yuvC= Bu=Q:<6YQ^= { =M^ n :6LQYQ=^^
\d : J ; >m` H K JK H K O6G [ J G G
\ue HK nG%K%B N [^ B > ; L%YQ=^^ylULQ; ^ : L ;%:ly :Q L{ B {
\ug H6G KG%[ GQK&N [ Z?H[ H H K J K HK G K K
\h RRt^ ;t=L ;
\ui GTH6 N J
\uk Z a-y>
:`Q;U` HJ cYYM { >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl?; ^ : L ;%:!lfon B =?> f
_uq K%N lH6y?GlfG y B HKSZ `` G YQK6Y Z mH llmQySZ&yK6 Z H :Q L{ H B K J{B K ;Q :CyE{Q{Af H G
_F K K HJ HK G K K K K
_u\ RR L%= l%{ H ; K v a;^ JH[ Ll%{=b >= =A=M^ n : ;> ; ;
_u_ : ZbH[6Z ; B I%J6=^GS^ G n Z :mKG` N: [ J G H K [
_d J GQK%N [ N J G K J6G
_ue
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X %
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
?dW E +RK;V@: 5 Wip E -+e%:878;&eL&:Ut+MK;$ E W3 5 M 5E ; E RL>78+M' EGE z;+M' EGE
5 7G78+e%:8C l EGEG5 ]< +.: 5 e}M''e9"Iq$C m i E8E )1M 5 7]ie%RM 5 V+e%:UT 5 }MK E8E i 5 7G78+e%:8)eLT 5
5E8E RyRW< E Rt+7UMK E8E (V$ 5 7G:8e%: 5 V 5 5 Wie; 5 iXT_di]'M'+M{C
P?Q=<MD o
=3M.'e93/]^ >H:U3beM' E ^;3M. E :8b;$(78RW<>e: 5E ;0U9Wi;C 465 W 5 78 E RMH:U; 5 V
?=<6MD o
5 :G]+W)p E <RW 5 v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 IVBY%RV 5 W 5 1%'W 5E V]iRWi}M' E :8;<:G' 5%E VZY%R
;$ E +7G>1 5%E :8. 5E ;$(+;bg$78 E8E T 5 R$:8.M'._N;3e)U9Wi;C 465 W E e E :G
]F +.:8JRWi(R E +(e E Rt+7UMK E8E J EG5 W<>e:8ae E Rt+7UMK E8E N 5 7kRW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7kYR^+ E
5 W 5E :G' 5E +M'+RM'; 5E ; 5%E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E C 4 E5 E8E < 5 e E :87GR: 5 7(eT 5E *vz+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V
RW+787 5 5 yM 5 +M''_>; 5 Ck W<+e E +W 78) E8E (>7G7 5 ]JM. 5 ; 5 :G' 5
hb[_ } `\7hf[ U \[:iSXd=`S\&d h=îXi b[XSV iSXd:b[7 [\&S7\X[7aZ

S?=<D o ? ;:?
P?Q=<MD o
W<]: 5 ; 5 R$:G'M'._N; 5 eLM'.e9L/"; 5 7 5 7UWi""C."N};$+1 5 M'1
RW E :87G'eY%Ri78+78 E +e%:U}M' E :U;$i:G' 5E 78+7G E >e:U;zt+M 55 $v*+: 5 ICi? EGE
W<]: 5 ; 5 ]L E :8e%:8 E 'W)M. E b;$ E t+e E )g$M''>S E C
^WeM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:8' 5 Wi E 5 W<M': 5 5 ;$>7GK^+ :8R7 5 R$:87 5%E :8. 5E ;$@1+78 +S>T 5
+W78+MKS+T 5 5 5 Wie; 5 iXT_&dtCF?dW7G:GKRM'7>VL 5 ;$>7GK<7G E :87G'e.7 5 R E5 ; E 178KI1+ E
;$J'e E :Ue+'<;<+M' EGE ( 5 787G>e%:GeL)U9LWi;V 5 E E :U E 'e;0eT 5 5 78W .e'+'M.'_>; E C
fZ5 78]+W eT 55 7G>W 5%E e 5 e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7>VW) E W 5 5 7UY%Ri+W 5 R$:87 5%E 5 W<e; 5%E ;
M'.eR+WeT 50E 1+78 > E RWi0178'I1+M 5 y.e'+'M.'_>;be%:8 E ;$ E >76R E ;V 5 E EGEG5
g$''7GKY%Re 5E8E5 eM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie:8' 5 78>M''_> E8E #eM. E z;$ PRg 5 ;$z 5 e%:G7 5 M'#;$
;; 5E V 5 Y%R RW<+e%:87GK E >e E .1+M'W)>e%:G E Rb 5 W<M'g$K;;$C 4 ;17GKI1>M;$(.e E :8eK
78>>LJRW1M 5 7GpX;$7UT 5 V%;$b 5 7U; 5 5 W 5<E +R:8. 5

'e%:>d1M 5 7pr;78T 5 m ]
E :G78'ek1M 5 7Gpr;$7UT 5 ]lc7 w

5 $v*: 5E b7G7UI E 1IM 5 7pr;$78T 5 #7HC
]
E 178'I1+ E M 5 + E ;$>1+W E >7ig$M''+H:UW<+e%:8'eKKM'._N; E L>M 5 7 5 78Wi; 5 7>C

4 EG5 E8E5 eT 5}E v# >H: 5 0:G>e%:Gp E 0R E 7 5 1IM 5 7(;178KI1+MeT 5 'e'+'M.'_>;VPRW>7G7 5
;$+g NRS>T 5)5 5 7878C
k*vW 5%E V 5 7UVNêLM' E @;$6RW\ 5 Wie; 5 7\&dtCZW<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%Rd:G7U:8;$@RW J 6 HD

]^W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<)""C C[=T 5 9e>e9 RWie 5 1 K;;$VL>e E E U9Wi; E 7U
+;iRW ; 5E M.9 5E Vt1+78 +eL; 5#E 5 :8. 5 ;#g$78 E8E T 5 ;$< 5 e:87 5 M.3]0; 5 :G' 5 5 7G78: 5 V
c{C
?&<
5 R E *vVRW 4 ;RWib;$ EGE E U9LWi; E ]^ >H:Ub;$ 5 78W<J'e;$>L>e;$>e:8V$;$>e:87 5 ;$
RW V;$3W 5 ; 5 Y%R3RW>7G7 5 +WRWi#;$+MK E eLT 5 'e:8+787 5 W<<ieM. E E +Wie:8'><; 5
5 Wie; 5 C 4 EG5 RW\+787 5 7GNS+VI W)>e E >W\ 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8d]6>W<H:8';VWi E eM' E
pHMH:8.WiU9Wi;} 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
<N|D D o ;:?A?&D>DQ:?U HD :Dc?
5 e%:G'e%RLzL7U E ;$+Wi E L7G:G E ; 5 5 WieL; 5 C#e:8 E ;
VI3178KI1+M ](.eL78+W<+e%:8;b'e;$K+e; 5
Y%R 5 e 1>M
;$}e'e9W<+e%: 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 7\&d] E RL>7G 5 7< 5 ; 5 7G7G 5 7\&- d >W RWi
ReK;;$C ? EGE #'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5 ]0R E ;ie 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 gXd_X^&z Y%R01+78+W 5%E
E +R.7NCk:878:8W<>e: 5 ;$ RW HDzE +R 5 W< E W 5 E :G'M 5 ; 5 :878:8W)>e%: 5 ; 5 7\dPV 5 7
EGEG5 eT 5 78> E E +7^78 E +e%:8; 5 YR{C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

q-
!)o
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* q
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j ;%:Q6; [G yu9;%::%;%6<; :[=bG >=mv{ DDB s
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
e RZ a-RT= yuvA=`Y ` ^%H= J YY6{L : =GQK%Y J V: H=! ;
g H Z ZbHZ Z Z
h K :Q
i %n G N6G L j K = KG > G&HK ; [G yuvCB ZbHZ&K {
k
Frq L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
FuF K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
Fr\ %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^%=%< G y{{
Fr_
F|d
Fre RRT= =Y ^%= v%n: ^^ ; LQ; :;Y
Frg H Z G G [G HK G
Fh K :Q
Fri
Frk K a`ty Q%B n G NG L j v&n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v%n:{
\uq Z K K:;& u`ScU &> = 9 Lb]] v6KL B n[6Z > ; u`Syv/sB { v%n:/B|n;^ ;
\F K&N HG G HlUK6 Z < G: K6Zv%nH: ^^ G ; v%n Z&L K6Z H l&{
\u\ HKG G G G Z H
G G KGQ[
\u_ L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
\d K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
\ue %6^ >B; B|n: Y y B< ^^%=%< y{{
\ug a; JHK[G G >J= HK K6Z LUZ?H::K ;%H:fQGf GQK%G G
\h
\ui RRT= =Y ^%= v%n: ^^ ;
\uk H Z G G [GMZbH LU: G > G&HK ;
_uq K :Q
_F %n G N6G L j K = KG > G&HK ; [G yuvCB ZbH L&:{
_u\
_u_ L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
_d K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
_ue %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^%=%< G y{{
_ug
_h
_ui RRT= =Y ^%=cLQ;?>= ;S=S^ :S: n ;
_uk H Z H[ G G GQK6Z&[
dq K :Q
dF
d\ H6%G n^ KZbH <fL f 3=RR > ZbH LU: G >; G&HK yuvC=MB^;t= = H{Z?H N =b> GUHK ;
d_ G N6G j K KG G&HK [G K K
dud L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
de K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
dg %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^%=%< G y{{
dh
di
dk ^ < 3RR L&: > =M;t= =?> ;
euq H6G K6ZbH [G G G&HK HZbHN G&HK
eF
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X Qs
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
5 Wie; 5 gXd_X^&0>W ](R$:G'M'._N; 5 7Ub'e%:G+787 5 W<L>763g$>+RS+T 5 ;$(RW 7\d<V

5 7a E8EG5 V eT 5 _
X ++
E +e%:GK; 5<E >7FR:G'M.'_>; 5 5 78);$ :8MB 5 Wie; 5 C[? E8E 0] nHe'>31+78 +S>T 5
+.:8<L7U3 EGE 5 Wie; 5 V$ 5 W 5 W 5%E :878 5 7 5 78W<""C "C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ %n G N6G L j : G = j ; [G 9y:;%: <G := =bj >=m; [DG DBv { D K%N :;&6^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
\
_ RZ a-RXp yuvA: à` HL%J=cYY6^ {: GQ^ K%J : H :; >
a;%:/B ;Q6
d G Z Z GtG Kt[G&HK [GXJ GXH6
e Z a-y H6G :^ K6;UZbH < c `t sc>={ LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
g K%N H6G G HKZ l G : K6Z= H ; Z&K6=TZ aH ;%:c^ = > l%{
h O G jAH KAZbH K KG GUHK
i
?^V 5 W EGEG5 V%:G>7GW<'eW 5%E 07G:GJ;$eLM' E (; 5E 5 W<e; 5%E C[k*vW 5%E e E >S>T 5 ""C
5 W 5 + :8R7^<eLM' E ;$+;3:8. 5 ;$Jg$78 E8E T 5 ;$ ++ C
X
11.4 Anlise de expresses

465 W 5 ;$ E8E +W 5E e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8VtRWi+g 7G EGE T 5 >W 5 ;$ E >7JRWi E .W<M' E 5 e E p
X ++
:8e%:G 5 R)17GKI1>M{V 5 RiRWiJg$78 E8E T 5 5 W< 5E :8;$ ;$.1+7 E E g$78 E8E E W< E6E 'W<M' E Ck
:G' 5 ;$JRWi<g$78 E8E T 5 ]b+M'+RMK; 5 5 W E Je 5E :8. 5E ; EÈ R EÈ Rtg$78 E8E E C
f 7U# E 5 e E :Ue%:G E V 5 $:G>7 5E +R:G' 5 ]:G78.1 KMXVL 5 W 5 W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78Wi""C$C
7878 5 :G' 5 ; 5 e;781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+i;:G>7GW<'eY%RM 5 :8. 5 ;# 5 e E :Ue%:GC m 5 W<>e:8
e 5 + E5 ;$<RWiz 5 e E :8e:80'e%:G>.7U#]<eN E8E 78'iRW<1+78 >S>T 5 +g%:878zY%R<eT 5 ]0 >H:U
eieM' E E 'e%:8:GK+CF^Wii 5 e E :8e%:8.e%:G>.7U)]3;$ eK;<e 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:8' 5 t+e E
5 W 5 &kI+e+'z;$); H: 5E Vy 5 7G]>W E 0 5 7;$+Wi E K; 5 7Ue;$V 5 eXHW<+7 5 eLT 5zE +7U
RWi E NY
?&D%MDWN@A6cD? ;` f l %I1IC m k:UM%U9Wi;aeT 5 MKeS>7BRW<^gNS+T 5 V>^ 5 e E :8e%:G

1M''; 5 C f 7Ub1>7G >7 E (] RW<) 5 e E :8e%:8 1M'K;V R$:8.M'._NW
5E RWi)U9Wi;3 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
]d1M'K;C= 5 :8@Y%RdR$:8.M'._Ne; 5 E8E kW<]+: 5 ; 5 78a1M.K;7` 5 e E :Ue%:GV> E :UW 5E EGE RW<'e; 5
= Cb
Y%R 5 'e%:G>7G1M 5 1M.K; 5 7URW< 5 e E :8e%:80'e%:G+'7U>W ++ ]
5 )W E W 5 R$:G'M'._N; 5 +
W
%I1IC[ 5 e E :8e:8 1[XchXhb:G+W E >W<7G 5 :G' 5
X
.e E >7GK; 5 e 5 e 1+MyWi E M.: 5 ;
:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G %n:G;&6 N6^tG L j > H= K ; HLU^ Kv66L 9; :n[;%G <y:; =bH>K =m; DH D^ KB Q6 ; [G v{
\ K%N G HK6Z G KZ H
_
d ZbHKPj
e
g Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
h
i R:QR KG&HK = K := H Ûa;%:U>=%: Z >=Q< G > G > H W%> G :; ZbHKGZ :;
k K
Frq `M < :/B|n6=Q:^ yuv/B|n;^ ; B >=%< {
FuF j HKG G G HK Z&K6Z H Z G
Fr\ L%= L y > :Q;%:U>= v6L n ; {
Fr_ K N J O6G K G K6Z HG
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)"
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[*
F|d R RS^ tG [G&JcG ::; a;%:U>= K ;S ZbH p Y Z&[ ;

Fre RRy|n; ^^ Z p G Y?> GUHKG a;%:= [ ;^tY Z > Z&KG ^{
Frg K%N :;U H6G c G >= HKZ LUv6L G n K6Z ; H yuv/B|n6;^ Z&K6Z ; H lU H p=Y ZU[
ZbHK L%; H ^ K = HK l%{
Fh : G%K%J : HSHG K %n G yU%9Cs6{
Fri
Frk
\uq
\F RR QQQ ; H ^ K = HKG ^ K : ZbH < QQQQQ
\u\
\u_ n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j K : ZbH <; H ^ K 6; [G y K : ZbH <; H ^ K ; [G v{
\d
\ue a-yuvA`` YY6{: : YY
\ug :Z G%K%J : HSHG H J K %n G yGQK%%JQ6HAUHJ% 9/3s{
\h
\ui
\uk RR QQQQ ; H ^ K = HKGPHJ YY QQQQQ
_uq
_F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j J YYQ; H ^ K 6; [G y J YYQ; H ^ K 6; [G v{
_u\
_u_ a-yuvA`` YY6{: : YY
_d :Z G%K%J : HSHG H J K %n G yGQQK%JQHA6%HJ 9Q/3s{
_ue
_ug
f 7URWi178'I1+M^:UW0L]>WeT 5 ],;$H 'Mb+M'+RMK7 E >R:G' 5 C n E :U 5 e E RMH:U7}
;=<>?AB:CDcA6"JC2H x
A66 7H DE +eL;
:8L>M';$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C l E : 5 ]) +.: 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi""C /VyY%R<R$:G'M.'_> 5 5 e9>+'; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
787 5 +R787b178KI1+Md+Rv 5 e 5 W<# E :8e 5 e 5
eLM' E ; 5 C m b017GKI1>ML]>e 5 e:878;V 5iE +Rz:G' 5 ]+g%:878 ; 5 ;0:Ut+MKi;$ E W3 5 M 5E C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j =Q:Q6; [G y9=Q::%;%6<; :[=bG >=mv{ DDK%BN :@ ;&^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ :QQ=Q:tn
_ HK
d
e Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
g RRn:;L :=Sp=Q: p Y = = YQ=
h J Z% G H K O6G
i nA`S J : K = O Y G Brp=Q: Z?H[ yuv/Bn;^ Z&KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G {
k
Frq Ra-Rt^ yrncGTH6`` ;t=YL NY6;{ J
FuF Z :;U HJ c >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; SlE=Q: = Y lf
Fr\ K%N H6G G HKZ G K6Z H Z&K6Z H Z O G
Fr_ : : %n yrn B %n n B >{ v/Bn;^ Z&KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G fl H ; K a; JH[ l%{
F|d G%K%J HSHG K G K G [Z
Fre
ACXCEX H7D V
? E8E E 5 78W 5%E e E Y%R(78+78 E +e%:8W 5%E :8. 5E Wi E6E 'W)M. E ;$ g$78 E8E E +W ++ C
k*vW 5E V^ 5 78V 5 :G7U:UW<+e%: 5 ;&RW eRW 5 RL 5 Wi EE5LE :8'>; 5 V 5
Y%R7G>7G E >e%:8RW<U9W<;&;W<]+: 5 ; 5 CW<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R:G7U:U&;$ EGE z:G' 5 ;$}e]
W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi""CCk?@M.V'e'+'M.W<>e:8V>MKRMK 5 :G' 5 ;<g$78 E8E T 5 Y%R E :U
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA Qs X
i i
o àà BZ)*à@*<a
e 5E +R7G'W<+'7 5i M.9 5 0Y%Rb78+78 E +e%:Uiig$78 E8E T 5 #J E Y%R+7U;#; 5 C eU9Wi;i; 5

W<]: 5 ; 5 Ck^Wi01+_J+M'+RMK; 505 :8. 5)E T 5 +.:8 E ;$R E 1>7G >S E Y%Re%: 5 lJ)E RLb1M'';;$
E ;.W<+e E T 5 ]#Wi 5 73Y%R_++7 5 C 4 EG5E *vVZRW+787 5 5 @>e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V 5 E RW
7G7UIieT 5 5 ;$J:G>7^RWW<]+: 5 ; 5 E8E5 +'; 5 )>M.&m
E 5 :G' 5 +M'+RMK; 5 5 787G E 5 e;bRWi0MK E8E C 4 E5 eLT 53E *vVRW >7G7 5 5 P>e 5 e$p

:878; 5 V$ 5 E :G' 5EÊ .W<M' E eT 5 5 ;$>W:8+7^W<]: 5 ; 5E C
<ND D o NCD ?U H7D

?dW E >RK; E T 5 +MKRM'; 5E(5E :8. 5E 7U}+;zRW ; 5%E 78RW<>e: 5E Vy 5 7bW<+ 5 ;
?Q=< H7D
U9W<;b e3M''e9</C[? E8E )U9W<;b78: 5 78eRW 5 $v*: 5
; 5 :8. 5 ?<ND VaRv,178'I1+M ?< ]RW 5 W 5%E :8. 5E +MKRM'; 5E 78 5%E
78RW)>e%: 5E ;U9Wi;C)`:G'M'._Ne; 55 e 5 W<i; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 VY%R<]<RW ; 5%E M.9 5%E ; 5 e
5 7G78+e%:8VIF M' E :8J;$6:G' 5%E ; 5E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E VN7GNM'._Np E 6RWiR E >eL^:Ut+MK ;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E
78(U97 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ;$NY%R; 5 CO,MK7 5 YRa(R E >(;+1 E +7Z >H:UJeJMK E8E a;$NY%R;V
5 R E *vVe<MK E8E Y%R( 5 >MKRMK;0e 5 'e 5 YR7G>7G E >e%:8)0+g$7G EGE T 5 "J E Y%R+7U;
; 5 5 e%: 5 eiU9Wi;); 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C fZ5 7`g$>W)M 5 V$e E >R'e%:GJg$78 E8E T 5
Z Z } =ZGf _&SQ\=a } }

E R 5 e9W 5%E YR}+g 7G EGE T 5 Z Z } =&M.>1RW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 |L Cd?@e:UT 5 V
;$>1+W 5%E 7 5 +R7U7e}:Ut+MK;$ E W3 5 M 5E 5 70RWW<]: 5 ; 5 U9Wi; 5 !
$' Vd 5 W
; 5 E 7UW<:87 5%E 'e:8+'7 5%E Vt3 EGE iR E >#;$+1 E +7 +.:8#eLMK E8E |L E R E MK E8E E
eL E :G7U E C m 6:UM$W<]: 5 ; 5 eT 5 5 7k>e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V+e%:8T 5 RW+787 5(5 5 7G78+RBV 5 W 5 W 5%E :878; 5
e0M.'e9</"C 4 EG5 5 e%:G7U78 5 V)>e:878;3; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 e0:8t+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E ;$'_pre 5E Y%RM
ACXCE H7D
] 5 :G' 5 7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 L>M'bU9LWi;C? E8E a:G' 5 ]V>e:UT 5 V7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 L>M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R`:878:8
5 M''e9i/% C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j Q=YY&6; [G y9:=;%Y<Y&:6=b; >[=mG DvD{ B K& N :;&^S G >= HKZ LUv6L G n K6Z ; H
\ :QYQ=^Q^cL
_ HK
d H%nK :Q GQDK% N ; [ >
e K GPK K
g
h Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
i RRtL%=YL YQ= n6; ;Xn: > :;ta Y ;
k J K6Z [ Z GZ Z N
Frq K D`t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n:{
FuF RRt^ a;&:A=Q::=%C
Fr\ G
Fr_ Z a-y K :D;UB [6Z > c} sM >{ = LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
F|d K%N H6G G HKZ G lQK6::Z =QH6^ ; Z&; K6Z H =Qp > ; ^6l%{
Fre [ H KXN G G%K%N [
Frg RRt^ ;Pa;%: >=MLQYQ=^^ Q6
Fh GTH6 J G
Fri Z a-yt:y K;U DB K cZbH ^ >K == H L G ;%LUaSv6L HnK :;YQ=yuv/^^B|n6{;{ ^ ; SlQ%n lf DB CB =b> f
Frk K%N H6G G HKZ G l K6Z ; H ^ ; Z&K6=QZp H > ; G^l%{ K K H G
\uq [ G H KPN G GQK%N [
\F
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA D X Q@
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* o$"
\u\ R Rn G <= KZ n;^ [ ;^P=Q:< J > G&HK ;^

\u_ K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G Z ^ K 6; [G yv/Bu=Q:<^{
\d
\ue RRn:;L J :=M;> K ; [ ; [G ^ G = [ ; H =MLQY%=^^ GtK DB K
\ug LX`y :YQ=^^{ DB C
\h >c`MLB HH6KG ^ KGQ[ B > GQK%N K; [ KZbH[ yuv/B > G%K%N B Z >=Q< G y HK :Q G L{ K B K {
\ui
\uk RRt^ GTH6 ;t=L N ; J
_uq
_F Z a-y>m:``;U HJ YcY6{ >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl ; lfPv/B > B >=Q<
_u\ K%N H6fmG lylG fHy KZ B AG`` K6Z H YY cllzZ&K6TZ yH y :QGQK%N L[{ B {B GQK%;N :CZ yE{{ G
_u_ fml%{ H ; K Ka; JHK [cZbH HLQJYQ=^^clfALB H =b> HG K{ G K K K K
_d
_ue : G%K%J : HSHG K %n G y>B K %n G (>B [Z >{
_ug
_h
^W 5 W<+e%:87G 5 .W< 5 7G:8e:8 ;=<>?AB:CD >D7? HJ/%2 H
EG5 78 VY%R3+W 5E ;$3R$:8.M'.p
_>7>VP;$>1 E +7 +.: 5 CJ? EGE 3W<]+: 5 ; 5 ]<U9W<; 5E +W<780Y%R07GN E W 5E R:G'M.'_>7>VPe 5 7 5 p
7UWi 5 5`5 RJ 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7NC fZ5 7yg$>W)M 5 V>ea+g$7G EGE T 5
++ VNRWW)]+: ; ^gVZ%f _&S&Q\=a à V
E R 5 e; 5
X YR ll |L *|L3V 7G E t>:G'1IW<+e%:GV ;+1+p
E *vW1I7GKI1> E ; 5E :G' 5%E
W 5E G+M'+RMK7 5 3 E R 5 e9W 5E Y%R E *v|L kV>e:UT 5 V7 5 R7U7ke(:Ut+MK
:G' 5 ;$
;$ E W3 5 M 5E05 W<]+: 5 ; 5 !
$' p |L*C|L t Vd&7:8.7<;-MK E8E d@
: 5 ; 5%EF5EÈ +R E eL E :G7U E Ck M'9eL; 5(;=<>@?A7B:CC
D >D7? HJC2H e 5 7 5 78Wi#""C o$V%1>W 5%E
+W
cA6!J/2H V 5 76+g$+W<M 5 Ck= 5 :GV 5 78]+W}V YR(Y%Re; 5 RW<3+e%:G7U;b; 5 :8. 53? =6< MD7? H V
Y%Rb>M.0eT 5 ;$. +783W0R.: 5 ;$ 5 R$:87 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E ;bL E Y%R E ie<:Ut+MK;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 5 W 5

5 W 5 W< E W 5 e 5 W<(; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 7 5 R7U; 5 V] +e 5 e%:G7U;JeL:8L>M'0;$ EG W3 5 M 5E _p E V
+e%:UT 5 VRWi3 5 W<7US>T 5 ; 5%E :G' 5E ; 5E 78RW<>e: 5E {78Wi_+>e; 5E +W k 5E :8. 5E ; 5%E
?=<6MD o DcAMCU
78W)+:G7 5E 5 78Wi E 7GWi_++eL; 5%E e(>e:878; +e 5 e%:G7U;CB? E8E J 5 W<7US>T 5 ]6 >H:U( 5 7
W<+ 5 ;iU9Wi;0 VY%Rb 5 W<7U E 5%E :G' 5%E ;$.W<>e E E ;$b+;
+M'+W<>e: 5 ;)M. E :Ui;$(:G' 5%E + E W g:UW<+e%:8C
l E : 5(E 'e +YR678 Y%R@RW\W<]+: 5 ; 5 R$:G'M.'_>; 5 e RWi(U9Wi; E *v^>e 5 e%:G7U; 5 V 5%E

:G' 5E R:G'M.'_>; 5E 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5E ;+1>W E +7^+g:8W<+e%:G'R E 5E :8. 5E ;$>+M'78; 5E C
4 9W<; E R$:G'M'._Ne; 5 Vy 5 7 +g$+W<M 5 V 5 v*: 5%E ;3RWi E RPMK E8E 0;MK E8E 0R$:G'M'._N;e
;$NMK7US+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 78 E RM.:878KW+W +787 5 C3=^RW 5 W<'MK; 5 7(78>M{VP:UMk+78 :8+7 'E :GK+
E +78'3: 5 :8M'W<+e%:GJ'e;$ E v;Cd 5 W).MK; 5 7Ì1V 5 7ag$>W)M 5 V$ 5%EGE RBM'RW< E 7G>7U E
78b;:G>7GW<'e7 5 G+ E W<+e%: 5 a>e:87G^:G' 5%E ; 5E 78RW<+e%: 5E J; 5E 78W)+:G7 5E 5 7GWi E V
:8]0W< E W 5 L7U 5 > EG5 >W YR0Wi E ;$0RWW)]+: 5 ; 5 5 W3'e 5 W zU9Wi; ICb= 5
e 5%EGEG5 > EG5 V$++.:87G>W 5%E 078 E :G78KS+T 5 ;$(:G7ULM'97`t+eL E 5 W+ E W<+e%: 5%E +g: 5%E C
F n JO Y Z LT HK :Q GQK%N ; [ > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ y9 :K ;%: <Zb:H =b<c>=mvCDD BH K :Q G LP:{
\ :Q= Y nA` ;bn
_ HK O G K
d HK :QYQ=^Q^ I
e Y yrnu` YY6{
g NZ G HJ
r*r r 3 r 3 t r 3 *r * 6r r 6 r6re
{ q &{

{ {
{
{
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!)
i i
o àà BZ)*à@*<a
h
i ay(n ZbH ^ K = H L G ;&aS HK : GQK%N ; [ Pn B H =?> G B GQI&J =Y^yv{M{
k Z
Frq HK : GQK%N ; [MK `y HK : GQK&N ; [ {on
FuF ay B|n=Q:=b>`` HJ YY6{
Fr\ Z K
Fr_ Z ayu:t: `` H: J YY6{
F|d GQK%J HcK
Fre Y^
Frg G G
Fh
Fri Z a: y K B|n6:=Q:=b>B GQI&J =Y^y:{{
Frk GQK%J HAK
\uq
\F nc `XnB H6G v K
\u\
\u_
\d I a-`y Y G B|np G=Q:Y J n `Q` YQY6{
\ue Z I : :G&HK YYH J
\ug : G%K%J : HMIG%K%B|Jn6=QHA: GUHHKJ B H6G ^ KGQ[ B > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ yuvC:{
\h
\ui
?& HD
eM' E (;bR$:8.M''_>S>T 5 ; RWi31I7GKI1>M;$(.e E :Ue+'37G>7G E >e%:8;J 5 76W<+ 5 ;RW
e ]b E :Ue%:G E +W<+M'9e%:8 J U9Wi;);bW<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R0+W 5%E ;b1>7>C f[5 7
EGEG5 V[eT 5-E >78}eN EGE 78 5 78 E +e%:87bY%R 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 YR# +:GR:8MFeM. E C He'>
;$. +78+eS>b](YRV$t E +MKRM'7 5 :8. 5 ;bg$78 E8E T 5 nJ E Y%R>78;b; 5 5 e%: 5 (1+78 +7 E ]
RW:G' 5 1M''; 5 5 R E vVtRWi#MK E8E I VL_+p E 3i7 5 R7U< 5 7RW<#1I7GKI1>M;$0.e E :8eK
e EGE bMK E8E Cd :G' 5 7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ] 5 $:8'; 5 ;3+e%:G7U;3;317GKI1>Me:Ut+MK
;$ E W3 5 M 5E Cd %1 KW<+e%:8 E b17GKI1>MeT 5 5 7a>e 5 e:878;Je)MK E8E (;$ E *v;be+W +W
M'RW<)MK E8E Je E :878M{V RW+787 5)5 5 7G78+RBC
<ND D o N/D ?M

H7D
=êM' E k;$kRWiÛ9LWi;a;$kW<]+: 5 ; 5 VNR$:8.M'._NW 5EB5 W)]+: 5 ; 5
Y%RèM' E (^+M'+RM' 5%E :G' 5%E ;$`RWiJM' E :8J;$`+g 7G EGEG E VR E ; E 5 W 5 78RW<>e$p
T<ND D o N/D% H7D

: 5%E ;3U9Wi;C? E :8W<]: 5 ; 5 ]^W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<)""CCk YR^+M'^_^]U9W<7
5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R:G7U:U3;37G'W<+'78bg$78 E8E T 5 ;bM' E :UV 7G+: 5 7Gee; 5
5<E >R#:G' 5 Y%R(]J78W<_+>e; 5 e317GKI1>M ? M''e9"N CZ?dW E +R';V 5 787G 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
?=<6MD o
]U9Wi; 5 78>+R7 E '1IW<+e%:G`78 :878:876; 5 78 E :8e%:8^;M' E :8#M.'e9) CZ> 5 E ]78'; 5
S?=<D o
RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :G' 5 Y%R3 5 e%:G]+W 5 :G' 5 b#;$'W<+e E T 5 ;<7G'W<+'78<+g 7G EGE T 5
2
zY%Rz 5 e%:8L7U 55 R$:87 5 ;$>1 5 M.1 K; 5 eU9Wi;78>+R7 E '1;M'.e9L-C
?<ND
<ND D o N/D ?b H7D @CXC
? E8E 5 v*: 5 ]Vy>e%:8T 5 VP+e> E RMK; 5 e%RW 5 $v*+: 5 ; 5 :8. 5 );+1 5 M.1 K; 5 C RLe; 5z5
o|CXC
1M 5 7FR$:G'M'._N; 5 e0U9LWi;3;$ ] V%+e%:8T 50E U9> 5 Rz 5
W ;<M' E :8#;g$78 E8E E C@= E :G3> EG5 ]7G+: 5 78e; 5 RW 5 $v*: 5 ?<ND 5 W:8. 5
|CXC
;$'W<+e E T 5 C l E : 55 5 7G78`:8]^W< E W 5 Y%Re; 5 U9Wi;;$W)]+: 5 ; 5 ]` >H:U E +W e+e9 RW
78RW)>e%: 5 CF= 5 7 5 78Wi""CV 5 1IM 5 7^;$+1 5 M'1 '; 5 ]bR$:8.M'._N; 5 L7U<L E Y%R E 7^
:8L>M'; E W3 5 M 5E i+ EG5 RWW)]+: 5 ; 5E +W 7UW<:87 5%E g$ E :UV E +7U+e 5 e%:G7U; 5 e E :U
t E YR E C
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA Q@ X
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* o/
F n J O Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j v%n: G Z ^ K 96:; ;%[<G :y=b >Z =m^ K D6D; [B G v{
\ %n D
_ K GPK K
d HK :QQ G LP:C
e ZbHKPH
g
h Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAH6G K %n G y HJ YYs{
i
k K :Q
Frq RRon G <= K6Z n; [ ;Xn: Z > GZ :; H x [ =tY Z ^ K =
FuF
Fr\ K `tQ%n G NG L j v&n: G 6; [G ycyv%n: G 6; [G {Xv/B H ; [G {
Fr_ L%= L y >= LUv6L n ; {
F|d K N G HKZ G K6Z HzG
Fre %6^ KG >B; JK B|n: Z?HK Y H y G B< GQK%G ^^%=%< G y{{
Frg
Fh
Fri K ` HG K &n G yQ6% Q9/s{
Frk
\uq RRn <= n; ;X: ^ = =SY ^ =B DB
LQ; ?> >c :Q L
\F G KZ [ G K HKGS[ Z K K K HK J HK G
\u\ K D`t%n G N6G L j v%n: G Z ^ K 6; [G yv/B H6G v K {
\u_ RR ` =b>= ; =AY ^ = > D
\d H K HN [ Z K G K
\ue H `y K DB K A`` HQJ YY6{PsPyty HK :QQ G L{ K DB K {BLQ; HK
\ug RRtL&: = ;%p;T :Q LALQ;?> B
LQ;?>;
DU;B Y > ;
\h :t` Z SH :Q HKLy B G C B K >K fDSy :QG G LGU{ HK DB {
\ui H6G HK G K K K [6Z H HK G K K
\uk RRtL&: = %n LQ;>c:cLQ;>;Pp=Q: p Y
_uq Z K G Z% G K
_F K: ` H6: G K %n G yu: s{
_u\ G%K%J HMK
_u_
eM' E `; 5 L>78S+T 5 ;$`'e;$+gS+T 5 ;$^RW787UI]78 E +e%:U;(e 5 7 5 78Wi0""Cq
TKHD HD
678 E +e%:8`M.RWi EE +W<>M.9eS+ E 5 W\êM. E @;U9LWi;`;@W<]: 5 ; 5E C l eKKM'W<+e%:GV
+M'+RMKp E i+g 7G EGE T 5 ; 5 7G'W<+'7 5< M'9 5 ; 5 E +e; 5 eM' E ; 5 C^7G E RM.:8; 5
;$ EGE Jg$78 E8E T 5 ;$+1 E +7dRW 7G7UIV; 5 Y%RM E ; E *vR$:8.M''_>76RW+M'+W<+e%: 5 C f[5 7@ EGEG5 V 5
:G' 5 78: 5 7GeL; 5 e0U9Wi;;bM''e933;$+1^:G>7F;.W<+e E T 5 Wi 5 7@Y%R _++7 5 CZ^M']+W; E8E5 V
;$>1p E 1+78 >7 5 :G' 5 ;)g$78 E8E T 5 R E ;) 5 W 5< eL;$'+VY%Rb;+1 E +7^; 5 :8. 5 'e:8+'7 5 C
m J E8E E ;$R E 5 e;'S EaE T 5 5 787G+:8W<>e:81+78 >; E V%+e%:UT 5)5 :8. 5 ;0g$78 E8E T 5 E >7
78: 5 7GeL; 5 ]6'M.W<>e:8`+MKRM'; 5 CO 5 W< E W 5 :8. 5 ;(g$78 E8E T 5 >MKRMK; 'e'+'M.W<>e:8
5 W<;$'W)>e E T 5 ;$>+7G>W<+e%:8;0;RWi0Re';;$C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j H[G vQ; [G 9y: ;%H<[:G =bvQ>=m; [DG DBv { ' K%N :;&6^t G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H
\ :QYQ=^Q^cL
_ HK
d K %n GPK D K
e
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA % X Q
i i
o àà BZ)*à@*<a

h RRtL%=YL J YQ= K6Z n6; [ ;Xn: Z > GZ :;ta Z Y N ;
i
k K D`t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n:DQ{
Frq RRt^ GTH6 ;Pa;%:A=%::=QC(6
FuF
Fr\ Z a-y :K ;UD B [6Z > c `t >sc= { LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n;^ ;
Fr_ K%N H6G G HK6Zl?Q= G ; K6Z H v ; Z&K6Z=Q:QH :=QSp=%: = Y ^l%{
F|d HSH KMZbH[G H H Z O G
Fre RRn G <= KZ n; [ ;t H[6Z L G
Frg
Fh K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n: {
Fri RRt^ GTH6 ;Pa;%: Z?HK Q6
Frk
\uq Z a-y K: ;UB K uc`MU>=% 9QLUv6]L ] nK B [6; Z > yuv/} B|n;s^ { ;
\F K%N H6G G HK6ZlU p=GY K6Z H%n B Z&K6ZvoH> ^
\u\ H ZU[AK G H[G J KtO6GSZbHK l&{
\u_ : G%K%J : HSHG K %n G y K DB K C K DB [Z > DQ{
\d
\ue
f E8E 7G>W 5%E V[ 5 7UV J M 5 >S+T 5 ;#RW 5 $v*+: 5 V 5 7bW<> 5 ; 5 R EG5 ; 55 t+7U; 5 7 [_Y
MD! BcD o ?& HXD
;M'.eR+W ++ C?
E :8 5 t+7US>T 5 ]7G>7G E >e%:8;e,7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+ 5 7iRWe
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 YRa:G7U:8(;$ EGE F:G' 5 ;$aeJ]aW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<3""C C
l eKKM'W<+e%:GV7 5 +R78p E ke^:8t+MK; EG W0 5 M 5%E MK E8E @;Y%RM E 6;$ E v78K7 5 5 $v*+: 5 C
fZ5 ;$p E >7a+W; 1%K;<Y%Re%: 5 7H lJ 5%EGE '.M'K;;$J;$V$+W1+_J;$ >e 5 e%:G7U7a3>e:878;);$
RWi+M' EGE VP#t E Y%R E 7G+: 5 78e7^RWi; E >e%:G7U; E ;$3:G' 5%E E K 5%E Vt 5 7(e E .e E >7GK;
? ?
e#:8t+MKCJ78 E 5E :8i]0e+%:G'1# 5 E5 eM. E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:GK 5 78>Y%R>7RWK;$+e%:8 >; 5 7
;$> 5 E ;$ [_YyV eT 5 ++.:8e; 5 V$ 5 7G:8e%: 5 V$ E MKI1 78 E 78 E +781; E 5 R C
m T 5 +M'+RMK; 5%E@5%E :8. 5E ; 5%E 78RW<+e%: 5E YR E +7UT 5 R$:G'M.'_>; 5E e)U9W<;3; 5 5 e E p
:G78R$: 5 7`V+e%:8T 5 V$7 5 R7Up E RW 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7^Y%R++.:G E :8)M' E :8<;$b7GRW<+e%: 5%E C m ( 5 7
+eL 5 e%:878; 5 V:GR; 5 E :878b 5 787G+: 5 5 :8. 5 78: 5 78e; 5 L>M 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 ;$ EGE
g$78 E8E T 5 ;bM 5 >S>T 50E +7U<<MK E8E (7GNRt+7U;3e0:Ut+MKi;$ E W3 5 M 5E e)M'.e9}"> C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j G 6:;&O%^tG L K 96>:;= ;%[<G :y=b LU>G=m6v6L DODnQGB L K; 6; [G v{
_ %n
d K :QGP K ; n
e HK :Q=GQK%NY [ L
g HK O G
h
i RZ a-RnyuvA:;`L ` :H=AJ =MYY6LQ{Y%:=GQ^K%^ J : HA= HJ Y=YYS ^ ^ =ML&: =Q: >m; ;
k J Gt[ I%J Gt[G G Z J OQGQK
Frq RLXRt`S^ J : K =;tO Y=GL BLQ; YQ=^ÛZbH [ Qnyuv/B H =b> G B Z >=Q< G {
FuF GTH6 N J
Fr\ Z a-yLP:``;U HJ YcY6{ >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl?YQ=^^mlftv/B =?> B >=Q< f
Fr_ K%N H6G l G ; HKaZ; l%G{ K6Z H Z&K6Z H H G Z G
F|d H K JH[
Fre
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X '
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* oo
Frg RR K B K A: G L G&O6G =SY Z ^ K = [GPKZ n;^ [ ;^P=Q:< J > G&HK ;^
Fh K `t% n G N6G L j v%n: G Z ^ K ; [G yuvCBu=Q:<6^{
Fri RRn:;L J := J >zL%; H ^ K : JK ;%:
LQ;> G ^^%=t=^^ ZbH = K%J :=
Frk %b> = Y ^T`yyr :YQ=^^{%L{B ^
\uq nA`MK Ô B > GG%K%N ; [ ZbH[ H HK LQYQ=^^y?lULQ; H ^ KH:G J KL KGQ;%[ :lyr H6K :Q G L{ K B K {
\F RRt^ GTH6 ;t=L N ; J
\u\
\u_ Z a-yrnc:``;U HJ YcY6{ >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl?; ^ : L ;%:!lf
\d K%N H6G vCG B =b>HKZ B >=Q< G K6f
Z lH y?lfy Z&B K6ZMH `` YHYKmJ llK
\ue yPH y HKG :QZ G LG{ K B K {B K ; KK :K yE{{PfmHl%J { H ; K a; JH[ l%{
\ug
\h RRX: GQK ;&: H =cLSLQ;>; K6Z n6; [6Z > G&H ^ ;S`PsY;L%=Yt` Dy H6 ;AY;L%=Y{
\ui
\uk K: ` H6: G K %n G yL s{
_uq G%K%J HMK
_ F
M 5 +S+T 5 ;$-7878I E ] E >W<+M'9e%:GC l e'+'M.W<+e%:8] +.:8R E >e:8L>M';$
PH>
EG W0 5 M 5%E ;MK E8E 5 R:8. 5 E ' 5 Y%R< 5 W< 0+;#>M.>W<+e%: 5 ; 5 7G7UIC?dW E +R';V
78-+;g$78 E8E T 5 Y%R E :8-e&M' E :U&;$g$78 E8E E e 5& M'9 5 ; 5 e 5 7G78+e%:GV
1>7G >p E E 53E +Ri:8. 5 ] RW.e%:8+'7 5 VRWi1+_Y%R E8E E +g 7G EGEG E ;$>1>W78+78 E +e%:U7
5 =H
e W)>7 5 ;$J+M'+W<>e: 5E +W>;0RWi<; E ;$'W<+e EG E ; 5 7878IC m : 5 ; E E +g 7G EGEG E
5 78+W ; 5 :G' 5 5 7G78: 5 V+e%:8T 5b5 W<]: 5 ; 5 78: 5 78e7U 5 W 5 :G' 5 ;b+g$7G EGE T 5 ;$ M 5 +S+T 5 V
XH XH
H>
5 :8. 5 78>+RL>78; 5 ;:Ut+MKb;$ EG W3 5 M 5E 5 W 5 e W<+7 5 ;$ ;.W<+e E E .RML 5 e W<+7 5
;$+g 7G EGEG E e 5< M'9 5 ; 5 ei 5 787G>e:8C@ W<]+: 5 ; 5 ]W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi""C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j G :;&::^t=QQ 69>; :[= ;%G <y: =bGLU>=mv6:L D:D=Qn %B %6 ;; [G v{
_ %n
d K :QGPK = Y L
e HK^ 6; O Gn
g v%Z nK: 6[; G
h G [GSI
i ZbHKPj
k
Frq RZ a-RnyuvA:;`L ` :H=MJ Y; Y6{n: GQ; K%J := HAHJ=YAYY^ ^ =cL&: =%: >m=Q:Q:=Q
FuF LX`S : J = Y BK6LQYQZ =^Û[ I%QJ nyuv/B Gt=b> [G B G> =Q< {Z J
Fr\ RRt^ J K ;tO =GL ; ZbH [ H G Z G
Fr_ GTH6 N J
F|d Z a-yLP:``;U HJ YcY6{ >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; SlQ%n lfPv/B =b> B >=%< f
Fre K%N H6G l G ; HKaZ; l%G{ K6Z H Z&K6Z H G H G Z G
Frg H K JH[
Fh RRn6=Q:=cL&= = v&n: ^^ ; =^ > ^ ^ p : a L&=c^ n6;t
Fri a;&:y `P[s(nAG `Pv/G B >^[ n[`Z G&H YQYG nMòG n Z B Z v { GtK6Z ZbHK
Frk j [Z HJ H6G K
\uq
\F K a`Py %n B G
N6G L j v%n: G ; [G ycyv%n: G 6; [G {on B H ; [G {
\u\ Z K :K;& u`McU >%= 9 LU]Qv6] L K n B [Z >; yrun `tB|ns6;{ ^ ;
\u_ K%N H6G lU pG =Y HK6Z v%n: G ^QK6^ Z ; H a;%:S= Z&K6Z=Q:QH :=Q > ^ ; l%{
\d H Z&[MG G Z H H [6Z G&H Z H
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!)
i i
o àà BZ)*à@*<a
\ue j ff
\ug : : %n yL {
\h %G K%J HSHG K G j
\ui
cA6=<6 HD
k*vW 5%E V[ 5 7UVB 5 W 5 ]< >H:UeM. E <;iRWi 5 t+7US+T 5 Re78'V 5 R E *vV[;$iRW
e); 5 :8. 5 C D MLe378+78 E +
e%:8 5 R#RWi 5 t+7US+T 5 ; e+%S+T 5
$ 78.:GW<]:8'>V 5 R
RWi)e+%S>T 5 M''>CZ?dWW3 5EF5%E + EG5E V$)g$78 E8E T 50EG5 78(<Y%RM 5)5 L>78; 5 7FRe7G 5
]0M''>; 5 ;$>1 E +7(; 5 :8. 5 'e%:G>.7UC^ EGE .W}Vt E :8]3 He'>i1>7G +S+T 5 78>M.'_>;C m 5
:G' 5 ;}g$78 E8E T 5 ]#.e%:8+'78} E +W;$'W)>e E T 5 V:GR; 5 E :8 5 7G78: 5 C 4 E5 5 e%:G7U78 5 VyRW
+787 5 ]'e;$K+; 5 Ck= 5 7 5 78Wi#""C / 31+W 5EF5 W<]: 5 ; 5 YR :878:8<;$ E :8J:G' 5 ;$JeLC
F n JO Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j H:=Q;&:Q^S; [>G 9= yr: ;%H <=Q::Lb=bQ>v6=m;L [DGn DBuv@Q; { s
_ %n
d K GPK
e
h
i K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yv/B G v%n:{
k
Frq Ra-Rt^ y Gt[6B Z > >G&H ^ ;sM}{ sQ6
FuF Z K :[;UZ } c >= LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ; Sl?Q= ; ^ =Q:lf
Fr\ K%N H6G vCG B|n;H^ KZ ; B G >K6=Q<Z H fmla;%Z&:AK6Z=%:H :=Q6^6l%{HS H KTJ GTJH
Fr_ ZUK6Z H Z G
F|d RRt^Qx t=L ;
Fre ZbHK GZ&K
Frg Z a-y K B K:;U uÀcU %>= 9Q{ LUv6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
Fh K%N lb H6GLQ;?>n6=G HKY Z %n G K6aZ;%: H =%:zZ&lK6ZfPH v/B|n;^ ; B >=Q< {
Fri H K6ZbO GAK G JH Z&K6Z H Z G
Frk : : %n yU% 9Cs6{
\uq G%K%J HSHG K G
\F
W< E W 5 :8. 5 ;01+78 >S>T 5 ;$>1 E >7 >H: 5 L7U 5 t+7US E .e7GK E 5 W 5zEG5 Wi E V
HMH H7D
W3RMH:8.M'K+S E5 R 5 W<78S E ;#1M 5 78 E C l eKK78+W 5%E 5 W E3E5 W< E E R$:878S E V
78+78 E +e%:8; E e RWe CB? E :8e0 5%EGE RL 5 W 5 M'9 5%E E ;$R E@E RL+g$7G EGEG E 5
5 t+7U; 5 7^ E +7(M''>; 5 #+MK E C m +Re; 5 i 5 e E :G78RS+T 5 +.:8it+M 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E .e%:U:GK 5 V
E :G 5 L>78; 5 7a 5 ;$ E +7;$ EG5 Wi 5 R; E R:G7US+T 5 C 4 L3 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 p
7UWii""C /" 1+78 +7 E 5%E :8. 5E ; E g$78 E8E E 505 L>78; 5 7F 5 W0'eW;$:8+78W<.e7
; ;
5 :G' 5 ;$7G+: 5 7Ge 5 Ck\1>7G +S+T 5 +.:8<]L E :8e%:8 E 'W)M. E C m T 5 +M'+RMK; 5%E65%E :G' 5%E ; E
E RL+g$7G EGEG E `]`78>RL>78; 5J5(5 L>78; 5 7kY%R` 5 ;$ E +7 5 R 5 e E :8e%:8 E ;$+p
eK; E e 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:U:GK 5 Ck?dW E +R';V 1+78 +p E E M'RWi<; EÈ Rtg$78 E8EG E

5E8E R;$.W<>e E T 5 W< 5 7^Y%R_+>7 5 V 5 Y%R]RW+787 5 Cd\7G:G'7^;<M'.e9#$" E T 5 5 e:U; 5%E

Y%Re%: 5E ; 5%E`5 t+7Ue; 5EÈ T 5 ; 5 :G' 5 .e%:8+'7 5 bY%Re: 5EÈ T 5 ; 5 :8. 5#E :G78.eLC6\17GKI1>M
]iR E ;z78} 5 e%:87 5%E .e%:G>.7 5E # VL7Uz 5 e%:87 5E ; 5 :G' 5E :87G'eC# EGE 'WV 5 e]
1M''; 5<E
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA ' X
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* oq
u}:G>W 5%E EG5 Wi 5 R E R:G7US+T 5 ;$i; 5 E 'e%:G+'7 5E Vy 5 78 E RMH:U; 5 ]
iRW
== 2, j == 0
'e:8+'7 5 m
u:G>W 5%E RW E :G78.e E5 W<; 5 5 R E R$:878 ; 5 ;$#RW'e:8+'7 5 5 R
i == 1,E j == 1
5
1 K+pX1+7 % Cd t+7US>T 5<E <]1M'K; E 5<5 L>78; 5 7F 5 7 ;$ E5 WiV$78+78 E +e%:8e; 5
5 e>:8+eS+T 5 ; 5E :G78.eJ 5 W(78+78 E +e%:8S+T 5 :G+g%:8RML; 5 =H
e W)>7 5 5 W 5 +W I1C
78 E RMH:U; 5 ]RW E :87G'em
u:G>W 5%E ; 5 E E :G78.e E C m z]01M.K;z 5 e+:G+eLS+T 5 EG5 Wi^+e%:G78
i>M.== 0, j == 2
E C6\7G E RMH:U; 5 ]JRW E :G78'eC
e 5%EGEG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7(eLT 5 >H:U 5 R$:G7U E(5 L>78S E ;$ EG5 Wi% E R:G7US+T 5 C fZ5 7J+g >W)p
M 5 V%eT 5 >H:UV 5 W 5 +W%I1IV EG5 Wib;RW 5 $v*: 5 ;$ Y%RM'Y%R>7d:8. 5 5 WRW E :87G'eLV
S\ SXd:b[7 '3EG5 7G)Y%R+M'

5 Y%R<7G>78 E +e%:8}} 5 e+:G+eLS+T 5 ; 5E :87G'e 5 W 5 78 E RMH:U; 5 ;U9Wi;} 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
5 $v*+: 5 C3?dW V 5 7 5 78W<; 5 7^;+1)g$M'K.:8W<>e:80+g p
:G7U'7J#78+78 E +e%:8S+T 5 ; 55 $v*: 5
X ++
e 5 78Wi#;$)RW E :87G'eLVtL7UVt+e%:8T 5 VP 5 ;$>7JR$:G'M.'_>pXM 5
+WRWi< 5 eL+:8+eS+T 5 C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j [[:6;&; [^tG yu 9>[:[= ;%6<; :[=bGLU>=mv6vL{ DDn Bu@D ;

_ %n D
d K GP;bnK RKRS ;bn :=! ;
e ZbHK G
g ZbHKcZ
h
i Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
k
Frq ;UnAD`t`tv/%B|n6n ;^ Z&K6ZL ; Hv%B jn:Z?H6[ ; yuv/B v&n:DQ{
FuF K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n: {
Fr\ K G N6G j G [G G
Fr_ RRt^ > ^ ; sQ6
F|d Gt[6Z G&H }
Fre Z a-y K D:B [6;&Z > } Ms ]>]= K B [6LUZ >vL } n sc; { yuv/Bn;^ ; Al?Q= ; ^ lf
Frg K%N H6G vCB|nG ;^ HK6Z ; B >G =QK6< Z H fmla;%:AZ&K=%Z::H =Q6^6l%{ HSH KTJ G
Fh ZUK6Z H Z G
Fri
Frk Z ` `Ss
\uq
\F Z a-y K fDfB K M``MU% 9Q{
\u\ Z
\u_ G a-Y^ G y DB M`À%%U& 9{
\d Z K ffK
\ue
\ug
\h Z a-y KffB K M``MU%9Q{
\ui Z
\uk G a-Y^ G y B M`À%%U& 9{
_uq Z KffK
_F
_u\ RR ; ^S;bn := ;%: ^
_u_ [ Z G [ G ZbHKGZ :;3
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA Q X 'Qs
i i
o àà BZ)*à@*<a
_d Z a-y :Z `` : { %n yU%9/3s{

_ue GQK%J HSH6G K G
_ug RR J > ZbHKGZ :; GoJ >z^ K : ZbH </BQxon; [G ^Q;?>=%:
_h
_ui Z a-y: ;Unc:`Q`SYQ= H <%n; H ^ yK%=QHKU^Br9%Q69Qi/ s6Z{f `` {
_uk GQK%J HSH6G K G
dq
dF K%N :;& H6G c G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H vCyuvCB|nB|n;;^ ^ ZUK6Z; ; H B t>=QlU< H p{= Y Z&[AK %n G ^Pa;%:zlf
d\ ZUK6Z H Z G
d_
=T 5 5 7U;7G>W 5%Ek5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R :G7U:Ub;$W0RM.:G'M.K+S+T 5b5 R;.1 E T 5 V% 5 E ]7GNK; 5
5 W 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi""C /"Vk 5 78]+W Wi E0E 'W)M. E V6RWi&1+_zY%R EG5 W<+e%:G E T 5
++.:8 E g$78 E8EG E ; 5 :G' 5 .e%:8+'7 5 C f E8E 7G>W J
5E V+e%:8T 5 V E g$78 E8E E 7G>M' 5 e E V:878p
:8; E L>M 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 ; 5 7 5 7UWi""C /%$Ca=^ E :83W<]: 5 ; 5E T 5 +.:8 E ;$'1>7 E E 1+78 +S E
Y%R(:G>e:U78+W 5E +g$M.K+7` E +R'7>
M''e9#">Z;$R E@E RL+g$7G EGEG E 'e%:G>.7U E 5 ;$>W E >76 5 W<7U; E ;$ Y%RM'Y%R>7d 5 7GWi
5 t+7U; 5 7UC :G' 5
{Y%RMKY%R+7 7G+: 5 7Ge; 5#E +7U E >W<7G3.e%:G>.7 5 VtRWi#1+_3Y%R
eLT 5 5%EGE R 5 :8. 5 5 5 M.Ne 5 m X ++
M''e9<"> E[E Rtg$78 E8E E ;$+1+W\:8+7d E W< E Wi E ;.W<+e E E C l EGEG5 5 78Y%R 5 v*: 5%E
#7G7UI E E 5 ;+W JE R.RMK;;$ 5 t+7U; 5 7 y 5 R
E +7b 5 W<78; 5E Y%Re%: 5
; E .RMK;; 5 t+7U; 5 7 V 5 7 E8E5 V 5 $v*+: 5%E 5 W ;.W<+e E E ;$. +78+e%:8 EE T 5
5 1%KW<>e:8;$H >7G>e%:G E V 5 7G:8e%: 5 V eT 5 ;$>1>W E >7^ 5 W)L7U; 5%E m
M''e9i/[7G7UI EdE ) 5 ;+W E +7` 5 W)L7U; 5%E Y%Re%: 5)J E R3.RMK;;$ J ; E .RM.p
;;$V 5 R$:87 5%Ea5 t+7U; 5 7G E +7UW RW+787 5 m
S&;:B C
A
M''e9/ ; 5 E#5 $v*: 5E 5 ;$+W E +7 5 W<7U; 5EiE 5 78+W ;,W< E WiMK E8E 5 R
RW 5 7 E RPMK E8E b; 5<5 R$:87 5 CF W<]: 5 ; 5 78: 5 78e)1>78;;$+'7 5 :UW3t]+W
Y%Re; 5#5%E ; 5 E :8. 5E(E T 5 .R E V 5 R E *vV E J:G'1>7GW 5E ; 5 EÊ :G78.e EÊ +e; 5 5 WM. E(E +7UT 5 1+78 +; 5E Y%R{C f 7U#>M. E EG5 W<>e:80 5 W<7US>T 5 ;$)'RM';;$
5 R;$ E .RMK;;$ 5 ;$ E +7a +.:8 m
M''e9/o$a E :8 nHM.:G'W 5 + E5 1+78 + E 0 5 W<78S+T 5 ]3+e%:87G0RW 5 $v*+: 5 5 :G' 5

^ aMa Y%RF7G>78 E +e%:8 ( 5 e E :8e%:G [=chXhC=^ EGE a+ EG5 :8W0L]>W EG5 W<+e%:GF'RM';;$
b; E .RMK;; 5 ;$+W E >7^ 5 W<78; E C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G %n G N6G L j G YQ= K6Z ; H:=;U9Y&:^t;%; <[ :G =b>y>= =mG YQD= DK6LbBuZ@ ;v6 H L =Y&n 6; [; G v{
_ %n D
d K GP;bnK RKRS ;bn :=! ;
e ZbHK G
g
i ;UnA`tv/B|n6;^ ; B
k Z&K6Z H jZ?H[
Frq K D`t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n:DQ{
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!)%q "
i i
Ou
Z^ +([6 wvvyx) 7 X
B @ 0[+Z x0y`@[* o
FuF K `t%n G N6G L j v%n: G 6; [G yuv/B G v&n: {

Fr\ RRt^ G =b> O ;^S^ ; ZbHK : GQK ;%: H =M
Fr_
F|d Z a-y : K DB K: A``M b%n%Qy9U% 9K/ 3B K Ms{` `SU&9z{
Fre GQK%J HSH6G K G
Frg RRt^ G = [Z > G&H ^ ;t [6Z a G : G&HKG
Fh
Fri Z a-y K :D;UB [6Z > cu` K> = B [6Z >LU{ v6L n ; yuv/B|n6;^ ;
Frk K%N H6G lG= HKZ; LQ;?>G nK6=Q:Z H ; L Z&^XK6Z H aa :
\uq HSH K G O%G K Z&K%NM[6Z G GUHKM[6Z > G&H ^ Z ; H ^6l%{
\F RRt^ Gt[6Z > G&H ^ ; } s3^%xXn; [G LQ;?>n6=%:=Q: Z < J =Y [ = [G
\u\
\u_ Z a-y K;UnDB [6`SZ > YQ=} <s ; M^ ;bn u`SY%= <; ^ = ^Br!
= HK ^Br" H { H K HK
\d H H K
\ue K%N :;U H6G cvC G B|>n=;H^ KZ LU; v6L B G >n K6=Q<Z ; H fmyuv/lB|n6;a^;%Z&:AK6Z=%;:H :=QS6^6l?Ql%={HS H ; KTJ ^ G lf
\ug ZUK6Z H Z G
\h RRt^ Gt[ ; Z ^S^ ;t; OQGQK ;^ [ ;> G ^>; K6Z n;(n; [G LQ;?>n6=Q:=Q: Z < J =Y [ = [G
\ui RR Z ^^Q; Z?H LQY JZX[ ; Z ^S^ K : ZbH <^
\uk
_uq Z a-ySyy;UnMZ ^Q`J`SO YQYQ= =<^^y K; ^ B K = K ^DBBrK! { ]];UZ nc^Q JÒ`tYQYQ== ^<^y K;DB K^ C= K ^B K B|" 6{{mm{ {
_F : GQK%J : HSH6G H K %n G H yUKH%K9/3s{]] H H K HK
_u\
_u_ RRt^ GTJ >
S; O%GQK ; G ; JK :; HQJ YY(n6; [G LQ;>n6=Q:=%: Z < J =Y [ = [G
_d
_ue Z a-ySytyy K DBB K ZbH ^^ K == H LL G ;%;%aSaS HK ::YQYQ==^^n^n^ KDBB K MM`Q`Q`T`TQQQQ66%% 9Q9Q{{M{ ]]
_ug y;UncK `KÀY%=ZbHH <KH; H G^ K = HK H^K BrQ" ]Q] ;UnM`QKÀYQK= H <Q; H ^ K = HK ^Br" 6{c{
_h : GQK%J : HSH6G K %n G yU% 9/3s{
_ui
_uk
dq K%N :;& H6G c G >= HK6Z LUv6L G n KZ ; H vCyuvCB|nB|n;;^ ^ ZUK6Z; ; H B t>=QlU< H p{= Y Z&[AK %n G ^Pa;%:zlf
dF ZUK6Z H Z G
d\
;.78:878 5 9M0% 5 7UW;$'+ 5 e; 5E}5E 78Y%R'1 5%E 79!$% 8

0 Qc
!#: 2
9 8
VtYRJ 5 e%:I>W}V$7G E t>:G'1IW<+e%:GV <+M' EGE <ND D o;$ E +7G.:80e E :G> :GRM 5
= 5
}MK E8E ? < ND R$:8.M'._N;78z78+78 E +e%:87RW :G' 5 <RWi};$'W)>e E T 5 V+7UM'W<+e%:G07U

78Wi_>+e7 5 78 E RMH:U; 5 ;$JRWi<+g 7G EGE T 5 C
= 5 ;$'7G+:G7G 5
!19L V'eM'R W 5E[5 78Y%R'1 5 c*
.6
.)

!"XG.
4 8#Y%RF 5E p
E R`M'Re E +787 5E)E >W<e%:GK 5E Vd;$+:G>:8I1+ E e E :U E ;eM. E C 465 e$ 5 7GW<zW 5%E :878-
g$NRS>T 5 E +R'7>V 5%E +787 5%E 'e%:G7 5 ;R_+K; 5E 5 78W}
5 5 W<e; 5 d_&S=7d&[ E +We>e9 RW78RW)>e%: 5 5 tR$:8.M'._N; 5 ;$+e%:87 5 ; RWW<]: 5 ; 5

Y%Rb;+1>7GK07G+: 5 78e7FRW.e%:8+'7 5 m
R E5 R$p E d` 5 W<7US>T 5 h=_==S3 VNda1I7GKI1>M &h=_&=S^]kRW 5 $v*: 5 ; 5 :G' 5 g:b[7SXd_=_LV
5 7G:8e%: 5 eT 5 5 ;$+78' E +7` 5 W<7U;) 5 WRWe W)>7 5 =H 'e%:G+'7 5 m
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)%q
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
e 5 5 WieL; 5 T7d:b[7S3 5 P +.:8<0 5 e>:8+eS+T 5 ;$JRW 5 $v*: 5 5 W RW E :G78'eV 5 Y%R

]7 5 .K; 5 m

5 R$:8.M''_>; E >R'e%:Gag$78 E8E T 5 S[_Ygb[7S=d_X_ Ye } VMK E8E gb[7S=d_X_
eLT 5 5%EGE RyRW 5 e E :87GR: 5 7` 5 W; 5 E 78RW<+e%: 5E C
E W<>e E >e E ;; E L>M 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7 E T 5 EÈ +R.e%:8 E
`^T }X} X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXd\=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ Z

_X^&ab[7&d\fbh=_ ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X__dXdX\c=i_f^[7Scb=`\7î_ Z ZZZ

a b[_ =~ `\7hf[ ~X~ U _&S=7d=[_ T7d_i=i7b\[d_ bd_=a
a b[_ `\7hf[ } OU [7]^7hbaS T_iX\& d 3
a b[_ = `\7hf[ %} U [7]^7hbaS T_iX\&d
a b[_ `\7hf[ U \[:iSXd=`S\&dgb[7SXd7_X_ a7^S^pb[7S [\&S7\X[a
- _f:^[XS:b=` d=d\&di7\X[a TXQî_
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"
!)%q/
i i
Captulo 12
Gerao de Cdigo
j[.eLM'W)>e%:G3U9>W 5%EVJ E 3;$>78S+T 5 ;$0$;$' 5 C l 7G>W 5E R$:8.M''_>7 Y%RBRWi# 5 78;p
>W E :8e:8 E .W<M' E VPWi E YR0;78# 5 M'+.: 5 7(RWiz 5 #e 5 S+T 5 ;$) 5 W 5 #>78S+T 5 ;$
$;$' 5 ]^ +.:8V$M']+W ; E :8 E S>T 5 ;$ 5 ;$>761+7 E >R E 7 5 7UWi E ++ V% 5 W<'M'; 5E 5 W
E +R7G78 5
X
5 W).MK; 5 7>V 78>M.W<+e%:8(+g$>R:8eL; 5 C
`:8.M'._N78+W 5E 5 W 5 WiY%R'epwM'1 5 #sY%R.eL0 .7G:GRLM%I1V 5 R} s{I1)'7G:GRM

sU9.eN Vt 5 W 5 U9Wi78+W 5%E Y%RXCFR$:G'M.'_>S+T 5 ;#(sL>7GW<.:G)YRb;$+.g$+W 5E ;$
MK; 5 ;$'1>7 EG5E E t>: 5E 5 W<M''>; 5%E ;<>78S+T 5 ;$b+$;$. 5 V 5 W 5 M 5 +S>T 5 ;$78+ E :G7Up
; 5 7G E V[M 5 >S>T 5 ;$#W<+W<78K}7U1I7GKI1> E +:8C s 5E8E Rk:G7U:UW<+e%: 5 *e:G'1 5
78 5E :8. 5E ;$#;; 5%E R:G'M.'_>; 5E >W ' e%:G+'7 5 E G : 78.e% V 5 Y%R):UW3t]+W +.M'H:U
W3RH: 55 :878M'9 5 ;>78S+T 5
X ++
;0$;$' 5 C^M']+W ; E8E5 Vt E t >: 5%E ;$0:G>W) 5 ;3g$NRS>T 5
5 W 5 M'.e>;'S>T 5 ;.eW<'>>e:87G< E +M' EGE E >78; E V E T 5 ;$<78 E 5 e E 'M.K;;$b: 5 :8Mk;
s,C
l eKK78+W 5E5 > :GRM 5 V[>e%:8T 5 V 5 WRWiLNY%R+e.e%:G7 5 ;$RS>T 5 J s,V[YR#1 E

g$M'K+7iW<>M.9 5 7 5,E >R Re 5 eW<+e%: 5 EiE R E .e E :G78RS E Cc^> 5 W<+e;p E V6 5 7G]>W}V
Y%R 5 M'+.: 5 7# 5 e E RM.:G E I
7G+ +7 +e+' E E LN . + EiE5 78 5 EGE Re%: 5 78 5 $:G>7iW< 5 7G E
;$+:8M'9 E C?dW E >RK;V E >7878 E +e%:8;:8W3t]+W RWi'e%:G7 5 ;$RS+T 5 5 E W<'eBV`RW
7 5 78W<W 5 e%:8; 5 7Y%R3L>7GW<.:G3+7U7+$;$. 5 78iz(s i7:8.7(;$3RW78Y%R'1 5
:G+g : 5 V 5 e%:G>e; 5 <;$ E 78KS+T 5 ;$RWi<MK E8E (J'e E :G78RS E sC
?^VB 5 7 W}V7G E >e%:878+W 5%E z.W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 ;+7US+T 5 ;$<$;$' 5 i; 5 78Re%:G'W<
++ C
X
12.1 A Mquina Virtual Java

E t> >S+T 5 5 W<M':U);) s 5 ;$ E >7a+e 5 e%:G7U;0e 5 M'.1 7 5
D 9bI1)'7:8RMBs&U9'e E LN +:G 5 eBV;$ D 'WA.eL;$9 5 M'Wbj78e #d>M.M'.e

d a N;yC.VL`;;$ E5 e E M.>VB"N V
:8W3t]+W;$ E 5 e 1>M 5 e$prM.'eJ+W $X59 Q"Q8
"L 7!=Q: &'Q:(Q'!9yQL: &8M5$X!C
"
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)%qI
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
? E8E ` E t>+ +S>T 5 7G E >e%:8VN;$dWie+'78` 5 W<M':8V 5 W 5 ;$>1 E +7`.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5

;$bRW<(s,VLY%RM'Y%R>7Y%R E *v#iM':8 5 7GWiC6?dMK#;$ E +7G>1V+e%:G78 5 R:G7U E >7U :8+7 'E p
:GK+ E

5%E :G' 5%E ;$b;; 5E :878:8; 5E L>M'i s m
5 5 ev*Re: 5 ;$'e E :87GRLS E b 5 W 5 ] 5 5 W< 5 7G:8W)>e%: 5 ;<(s 5 g$NR$:U7^+;
RW<i;+MK E m

5 5 7GWi: 5 ;$RW78Y%R'1 5 g$>+R$:8I1+MdRW78Y%R'1 5 C +M' EGE F;i(s m
5 W 5 Re+ 5 e 5 7 5 EGEG5 ;$b+7G78+%W<+e%: 5 V'eKKM'._NS+T 5 JM'.e>;'S>T 5 ;$MK E8E E
eLi(s,C
4 ;78Y%R'1 5 g$NR$:UI1+M; s :8W0L]>W U9LWi; 5

LOL8};$ E +7G>1RWi
MK E8E C<=^ E :G#78Y%R'1 5 g$ E :8+W M.RWi E ;$ E +7GKS EJEG5 78<+M' EGE E >W E {V[ 5 W 5 (Y%RM
] E R E Rt+7UMK E8E );$)Y%RMZ7UY%R.1 5 pX 5 e%:GJ>M'# 5 [+7U;VLz;$ E 78KS+T 5 ; E 1I7GKI1> E ;$
'e E :Ue+'V178KI1+ E ;$#+M' EGE VW)]+: 5 ; 5%E 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E ;$ E8E }+M' EGE i:UCz E 178KI1+ E
E T 5 ;$ E 78H:U E >W ReS>T 5 ;$
E +R#:G' 5 V Y%R 5 ;$ E >7@RW :G' 5 E K 5 V E R 5 7G:8; 5 L>M'0(s,V% 5 W 5 c))= VLXV

XV VVV 5 R&RW<}+M' EGE )Y%R) 5 ; E +77878KMK E8E 0;$ eK;e 5
78Y%R'1 5)5 R+WM'RW 5 R$:87 5 7UY%R'1 5 &m ;bMK E8E

E R E 7 5 78.N;;$ E V$ 5 W 5 9
GV79)
) V79 VOV XGJ:UC
4 ;zW<]: 5 ; 5 < 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7NVyM']+W ; 5 :G' 5 <;#7 5 7G'>;;$VPeN EGE H:UW;$ 5 R$:878 E
'e$ 5 78WiS E L7U E +78+W 5 W<M':UW<+e%:GJ E t>+ >; 5%E CZ?de%:87G>M' E V :8+W 5E

5%E :G' 5%E ;$b>;07UW<+:G7 5 E t+7U; 5 t+M 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5<5 R} 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 'm

5 XH
e W<>7 5 ;$178'I1+ E M 5 + E Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 R:G'M.'_>m

iMH:8R7U3Wig$'Wi)Y%Rb)'M'9<;$g$>+RS+T 5 1>7^;$Ke%:GIF:G'e m

E .e E :87GRS E VYRb;$ E 78+1+W 5 5 W) 5 7G:8W<+e%: 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 m

RW<):Ut+MK<;$ E 78+1+e; 5 5 W 5<E T 5 :G7U:U; E E g+>S E ;$+e%:G7 5 ;$ E :GW<]: 5 ; 5 m
RW<`:8t+MK^Y%Rd78+MK+ 5 e`+;a'e E :87GRLS+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 WRWi`M'.e9è 5 7 5 7UWip
5 e%:G m
RW<3:8L>M'0Y%R78+MK+ 5 eb+;178KI1+MLM 5 >MR:G'M.'_>;bt+M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 e 5 W<
;RWi<1I7GKI1>MLM 5 +Mye 5 7 5 7UWipX 5 e%:8C
=^>W : 5 ; 5%E E8E E ;; 5%E E T 5 E8E >eK E e};$ E 78'S>T 5 ; 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E(5 R 5 e E :87GR: 5 78 E C
fZ5 7[g$+W<M 5 V^:8t+MK(YR@78+MK 5 eL^ E 178'I1+ E M 5 > E 5 W e 5 W< E e 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8k]
H$:8.MP78;$>R7US>T 5 VWi EFE R3R E +e+'beT 5I 'W<LN;$J3 5 7G78:UJg$>+RS+T 5 ;$(RWW)]+: 5 ; 5 C
2 ReL; 5 RW\7 5 7UWi`]Fg$>+R$:8; 5 eL s,VRW\W)]+: 5 ; 5 ]d 5 e; 5 kW<>;$Ke%:G E R

U9W<;b>W RW 5 R:G7 5 W<]: 5 ; 505 RW<>;$Ke%:8 E R)U9Wi;L>M'07878K3 s,V$+ E5 +M'
E *v 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 78.e+.LM; 5 7 5 7UWiV 5 R E *vV 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 iS7^&S:b=`TX=gchb=`]\baf:^cb[
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)%qo
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab /
S=d:b[7V) C D 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5E8E RtRW<3.e E :87GRS>T 5 .eKKMXV 5 R E vV$+;W<]: 5 ; 5 5E8E R

t+eL E RW 5 e%: 5 ;$>e:878;C E 'e E :87GRLS E0E T 5 g$>+R$:8; E eL E NY=kI+e+'&YRp
78>>We 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V E M.1 5i5 1 'W<+e%:G3Y%Re; 5E T 5 g$>+R$:8; E .e E :G78RS E ;0;$ E 1 5 VP;$
U9W<; E ;$JW<]: 5 ; 5E`5 RY%RJMKeS>W+g>S E C
2 ReL; 5 78>++t 5 5 e%:87 5 M.F;$6+g$>RLS+T 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5E8E R ;R E 78> E 78 E +781I; E 7U
E {RWi7GN 5 e;$ E T 5 78Wi_+>e; EJE RL E 178'I1+ E M 5 + E iRW<7GNR:G'M.'_>;}7U
g$NR$:U7 5 t+7US E CZ78.W<+'7U3]JRW1: 5 7`Y%R E .e E :87GRS E +e;+78>S+W;$'7G+:8W<>e:8
R$:8.M'._Ne; 5 V$783 E8E5 V 50 e;$K;$>;0+M'+W<+e%: 5 ; 5 1: 5 7NCO2e E8E (1: 5 7`Y%R E T 5 :8W)p
t]+W78W<_+>e; 5%E(5E 78RW)>e%: 5E L E8E ; 5E 78 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Cz= 5 + E5 ;$#W<]+: 5 ; 5E ;$
MK E8E # E :8:GK 5%E V 5E 78RW<>e: 5Ea5 RW E 7G'W<+'78 E 5E 'S E ;$ EGE b1+: 5 7>C`= 5 + EG5
;$)RW W<]: 5 ; 5 ;)'e E :8eK-eT 5 E :8:GK 5 Vy 5E KS+T 5 _+>7 5 ] 5 +R;t+MK78 >7 >eK I
535 $v*+: 5 pwM'1 5 ;0U9Wi;J 5%E 78RW)>e%: 5E@E T 5 78Wi_+>e; 5E 7:8.7F;b 5E KS+T 5 RWC
^W1IM 5 7F7GWi_++eL; 5 e 5 1+: 5 7F;$J178KI1+ E M 5 + E 5 ;$ : 5 Wi7FRW 5 R; 5 E E S 5E ; 5
1+: 5 7>V$;$>L>e;$+eL; 5 ; 5iE >R:8. 5 CdW>M.>W)>e%: 5 ; 5 :G' 5 'e%:G+'7 505 RzRWi<78 >7 >eK00RW I
5 v*: 5 : 5 Wi<RW HeK 5 E S 5 C D ' 5%E 5 W 5 M 5 e 5 R; 5 RM.b: 5 WiW; 5 E E LS 5%E V$Wi E
E T 5E >W<7Gi>e;$>7GNS+; 5E t+MK E 'e E :G78RS E R$:G'M.'_>e; 55 XH
e W<>7 5 ; 5 7G'W<+'7 5 +M'+W<>e: 5
Y%R 5 +RWe 5 1: 5 7>C= E :G<+ EG5 VPRWiz.e E :87GRS>T 5 YR) E8E 0;$'7G+:8W)>e%:G 5}E +Re; 5
+M'+W<>e: 5 ]#'M.>MXCz R7U"NC."<W 5E :G7U} 5 e R78S+T 5 .e'+'M6; 5 1: 5 7b;$#178KI1+ E
M 5 > E ;$0RWW<]+: 5 ; 5 ;$)MK E8E 3RW;$b'e E :Ue+'C` E 5E KS E .eKKM'W<+e%:G3eT 5i5 Rp
; E ; 5 1: 5 7 E T 5 R:G'M.'_>; E L7U(7GWi_++eL7d E 1I7GKI1> E M 5 + E `1M 5 7G E :G>W) 5 7U78 5E
; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C
iS^S:b=`]\cbaf _&S=Q\=a b[XS h=\[X ]\baf _&S&Q\=a b'[7S h=\[7

ZXZXZ XZ Z=Z

Variveis locais Variveis locais
0 }x 0 }this
1
k
1 }x
2 2
k
3 3
n n
j['R7U"NC."u#?kg$+W<M 5 ;$M 5 >S>T 5 ;$78RW<+e%: 5E e 5 1+: 5 7^;(17GKI1> E M 5 > E C
E S 5 78 E +781; 5 78^78>M''_>S>T 5 ;$ 5 t+7US E ReL 5 ee` 5 7GWi;6RWi.M'9C

W< 5 7GK3; E .e E :87GRS E R$:G'M.'_> 5E 1M 5 78 E 78Wi_+>e; 5E e 5)E +R: 5 5 5 W 505 t+7Ue; 5%E
37GWi_>+e E +R E 7G E RMH:U; 5%E :8W3t]+We 5 : 5 5 ;$ E :8i.M'9C D 5 W<+W 5%E 5 W 5 g$+W<M 5
G aY%R6: 5 Wi; 5 E
2
'e E :87GRLS+T 5 1M 5 78 E .e%:G>.7 5E 5 W 55 t+7UeL; 5E 67 5 ;$R_F 5 W 5 7G E RM.:8; 5
RW1M 5 7'e%:G+'7 5 Y%RF]` EG5 Wi(; 5E ; 5 E[5 t+7UeL; 5E C Re; 5 EGE .e E :G78RS>T 5 ]a+g NR$:U;V
}'M.9L;$+1<:G+7NVt+M 5 W<+e 5E V; 5 E >M.>W<+e%: 5%E 5E ; 5 E +M'+W<+e%: 5%E Y%Ri E :G'1>7G>W e E
5E 'S E e 5 : 5 5 ;'M'9};$+1+W E +7(.e%:G>.7 5E C 465 W 5 78 E RMH:U; 5 ;z.e E :G78RS>T 5 V 5%E ; 5 E
+M'+W<>e: 5E Y%R3 E :UI1IWe 5 : 5 5E T 5 78:8.7U; 5%E Vt#'M'9;$N78 E 3;);$RL E ReK;;$ E 5
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

,
!)%q
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
1M 5 7^ 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G JiE5 Wi);Y%R+M' E 1M 5 7G E ]V>e:UT 5 V+W<'M.9L; 5 C@= 5< eLMXViM.:GR7U
;.M'9 >RWiRe';;$#'e$ >7G 5 7 J Y%R+MKY%Ri:8.e9L&e%:8 E ;g$>+RS+T 5 ; 5 G & C
R78z"NC 0W 5E :G7U0 E :8 E .:GRLS+T 5 C
Pilha de execuo Pilha de execuo
10 18
IADD
0 0
j'R78"NC u f 'M.9<eL<g$>+RS+T 5 ;)'e E :G78RS+T 5 G& C

E8E 'W}VPW3R.:8 E ; E 'e E :G78RS E ;# s:8RW E5 783#'M'9V 5 e; E T 5 +g NR$:U; E
E5 t+7US E C R$:878 E 'e E :87GRLS E E >7G1+WL7U#78Wi_+>e7 5 R7GNRt+7U7 5E 1M 5 7G E Y%R
E :8T 5 e E 17GKI1> E M 5 > E Cz E8E 'W}V 5 7b+g >W<M 5 V78 EG5 Wi7b; 5 E 1M 5 78 E M 5 e 5%E Y%R
E :8T 5 XH
78Wi_+>e; 5E e E 1I7GKI1> E M 5 + E e W<>7 5%E /^^ 5 M 5 >7 5 78 E RM.:8; 5 eL178'I1+M
XH
e W<+7 5 "&;$+1p E }78'W)>.7 5 +W<'M.9L7 5%E 1M 5 78 E 78Wi_>+e; 5E e 5 1: 5 7;$178KI1+ E
M 5 > E 78V+e%:8T 5 V_+>7@ EG5 WiJ;$> 5 E :G7Ue E 5 7G:87 5 78 E RM.:8; 5 ;$^1 5 M.:8J78 5 1: 5 7
;$178KI1+ E M 5 + E Ck E 'e E :G78RS E 5 787G E 5 eL;$+e%:G E 7U3 E8E5iE +78'W
h=h=\X^=a _fT:bhQ^]^d:b&]_Xhh=\`^Xh

h=h=\X^=a _fT:bhQ^]^d:b &]_Xhh=\`^Xh
h&^=aXa i\fâX\cb=i_7h=_f_[7S\i[\S\T\a7^TbhQ^
h7iS\&d_ } a7_i_fTbhQ^h=\[7_^&df:^ 7_[^[^]^&dZph=\`^7h }
^M']+W;b.M'93 ; E 178'I1+ E M 5 > E V%'e E :87GRLS E 5 ;$>W:UW0L]>W 78>+Rt+7U7@ 78We7 5E 1M 5 78 E ; E 17GKI1> E ; 'e E :8eLK ;$JMK E8E ;$RW;; 535 $v*+: 5 C@ E W< E W 5%E
5 W<+e%:87G 5E >H: 5E Y%Re: 5 JE 17GKI1> E M 5 + EbE +781>W:8W3t]+W7U 5E 1M 5 7G E 78We; 5E e E8E E 1I7GKI1> E V 5 R E *vVy7U#R:G'M.'_>pXM 5E ])e>+ E8E 7G 5
I
:878_ prM 5E e%:G E 78z
'M.9LCQ;$. +78+eLS+^]aY%Ra E 178'I1+ E ;$`MK E8E 6F;6'e E :8eLK E T 5 R:G'M.'_>; E ;$'7G+:8W<>e:8
5 7`W<+ 5 ;$ E >Rze 5 W<C
fZ5 ;+W 5E +M' EGE +7) E q&'e E :G78RS E 5 787G>e%:G+W<>e:8; eK; E 7U-, se E
E +R.e%:G E +:G+ 5 78' E

Wie.RM'S+T 5 ;0.M'9< 5 W9:X6$$VX99z 9P@).e E :87GRS E m
5
>W<.M'9W)>e%: 5 ;$ 5 e E :8e%:8 E 5 W 5 L &VG " 2 V& nc7d )'e E :87GRLS E m

>W<.M'9W)>e%: 5 ;$J178'I1+ E M 5 + E 5 W 5 L'& V|L Fo0'e E :G78RS E m

7GWi_++eLW<+e%: 5 ;@1M 5 78 E eL E 1I7GKI1> E M 5 + E 5 W 5 + V + [oa'e E :87GRLS E m

+7GKS>T 5 ;$ 5 v*: 5%EF5 R7878I E 5 W 5 ckVM!l75X G ce d<'e E :87GRLS E m

i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!)%qq
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab o

>W<.M'9W)>e%: 5 ;$J1M 5 78 E ;$b7G7UI E 5 W GL V|&L 6).e E :87GRS E m
5
7GWi_++eLW<+e%: 5 ;$J1M 5 78 E >W7878I E 5 W 5 G V& + @).e E :87GRS E m

Wie.RM'S+T 5 ;(17GKI1> E 5 W 5 9:7 L Vc=
L ki'e E :G78RS E m

1+78 +S>T 5 ;$J:G' 5%E 5 W 5 $%XVB : U@).e E :87GRS E m

5 L>78S E 7G.:GW<]:8'> E 5 W 5 G V: @<'e E :G78RS E m

5 L>78S E M''> E 5 W 5 $XHV48X `"I3'e E :G78RS E m

5 e 1>7 EG E 5 W 5 V ^"No0'e E :G78RS E m

:878e E +7I+e+');$b 5 e%:G7 5 M'( 5 W 5
+V= V"8 @"J.e E :G78RS E m

5 W<78S E 5 W 5 L
!1t 9 V@ &!19H 6o0.e E :G78RS E m

; E 1% 5 :G' 5 ck $B60'e E :87GRLS E m
78: 5 78e 5 ;$W<]: 5 ; 5 5 W 5 7 Vy7 k).e E :87GRS E m

+g>S E V$7 ck"('e E :G78RS+T 5 m

5 e%:G7 5 M';$JW 5 e.: 5 7G E !"
V!#L )8 X @0.e E :87GRS E m

U9LWi; E ;$W<]: 5 ; 5%E 5 W 5 c
> H V & X G+d<.e E :G78RS E m

78 E +781; 5%E VM
9 X VB!19 &)9M0 V[!N9 9 6/).e E :87GRS E m
5 L>78S E GY%R'U 5 W 5 L $ G%V c $ G%@/).e E :87GRS E m

5 R$:G7U E :VckG + V@ L
=$$ V:t9 ki'e E :G78RS E C

12.2 O Assembler para Java

lf ^&d};+M' EGE
h=îXi]J
^Wi}'e E :87GRLS+T 5 Y%R< 5 M 5 +ze'M.9 5 1M 5 7;z1I7GKI1>M[;)'e E :8eK
E +R.e%:8
_S7b_7ha }Q _fT:bhQ^\]^7h=\da7_ h=î=i|ZGf 7 ^&d

s E V 5 W 5 ; E8E >W 5E e%:G E VRW<3178'I1+M;$ .e E :8eK] +e;$>7GNS+;JL>M 5)E >Rie 5 W<C
?de%:8T 5 V 5 YR^7G>78 E +e%:8 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ">JeJ'e E :G78RS+T 5 &

L
n +W}V 5 76Y%R E :8T 5 ;$^ .p
I eLKV E
+ .e E :G78RS EkE T 5 78+7G E >e:U; E 5 7kW<> 5 ;$ E +R<$;$' 5 *"a %:GI[aM.RWi E ;$>M' E
:I>W E >R E 78RW<>e: 5E V>+7UM'W<+e%:GVI;@:UWie9 5^ g 5 C[ E8E 'W}V+W\1+_6;F7GWi_>+e7tGs%p
=h î=i|ZGf 7^&d E T 5 78Wi_+>e; 5E e E :8:8t+MK

4 MK E8E C W3 d7 5 W 5 L7G:G;).e E :87GRS>T 5 V >;<+M' EGE 5E8E RBRWi0:8L>M'<;$b 5 e E :8e:8 E C
(; 5%E 5 W 5 I
78 >7 >eK J 178'I1+M
78 +78+eLK; 5%E e E 'e E :G78RS E CJ E8E 'W}V 5 eXHW<+7 5 ">.eL;$'>z+e%:G7U;ie E8E i:8L>M'zY%R
;$>1 E >7`R E ;0e<g$NRS>T 5 ;).e E :G78RS>T 5 C
? E :G]zt+eL E RW ; 5E W3R.: 5%E ;$+:8M.9 E Y%R_+>W 5 W Y%R 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;RW
7UY%R'1 5 ;$i+M' EGE E *vVye 5 W e.W 5 Vy:G7UM.9 5EG5 C f 7Ui+.M'.:87( E :G0:G7ULM'9 5 C+g E :G+W
M'Re E 7 5 7UWi E i'M' 5 :GN+ E Y%R 5 +78>++W RWi}'e%:G+7G+<W< E 7U;I1+M[7Uz:8M
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)%q
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
:87G+CO 5 > EG5 ; 5 E W<'e{I1, EGE +W0M.>7 l e%:G+7G+NC fZ5 7#W<+ 5 ;$>M.VF 5 ;$+W 5%E
:G7Ue E 5 7GWi7JRW7UY%R'1 5 :Gg : 5 VZYR#;$ E 78+1<+M' EGE E R E 1I7GKI1> E VyW<]: 5 ; 5E +:8C V
+WRW78Y%R'1 5 ;$MK E8E Ck R E vV :878:8p E ;$RW1+7U;;$+'7 5 W 5 e%:8; 5 7F7U)) sC
fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V).e E :G78RS>T 5 .:8;)< 5 RL 5iE >7GK);$ E 78H:U<; E >R'e%:G( 5 78Wi
_fTbhQ^\]^7h=\daX_ h=îXi@ZGf ^d

_S7b_7ha h=î=i&Wf 7^&d a X^&]^7W7S:bhXW!_`S\d
78.W<>.7U<7G:GL E <.e E :87GRS>T 5 'e;$K+ 5 e 5 W)b;<1I7GKI1>MPb E >Re;V 5 :G' 5 Y%R
E 0 E t+7U;$ EGE #17GKI1>M{C= 5 I
^ +eL;$'+ 4E T 5 ;; 5E M'Re E ;:8M.9 EJE5 78 5 % E W<.eV
:8]^W< E W 5 I
E 78 >7 >eK E ; 5 eL;$`+e 5 e%:G7UprM 5 ( 5 W I
55 $: +pXM 5 e l e%:8+78e:NC[= E :8 E >S>T 5
7G E >e:U78+W 5E t+eL E M'RWi E +7U:G>7 KE :8'> E Y%RJR$:G'M.'_>7G>W 5E Wi E ;$Ke%:8C
f 7U^;$ E 78+1+7 5%E 5 W< 5 e+e%:G E ;MK E8E V 5 E W<'eb;$ edRW\ 5 ev*Re%: 5 ;$@;$'7G+:G'1 E C
^Wi-; E YRR E 78+W 5E e>78S+T 5 ;$z+ ;. 5 7U
X ++
]&;$'7G+:G'1 Zi\7d`_V[Y%R
E t> >^Y%RM 5 e 5 W)F; 5 78Y%R'1 5 p{ 5 e%:GdY%R 5 7G''e 5 R 5 7UYR.1 5 ;$F+M' EGE C`:G'M'._N78+W 5E V
'e;V% E ;.78:8.1 E Z`&h=îXi(ZiXT_&dPC 78.W<+'7U3;$'_(Y%RML] 5 e 5 W<(;3MK E8E Y%R E :U
;$ E +7G.:8e 5 7UY%R'1 5 # E +Re;V 5 e 5 W<#; E R E RL>78+M' EGE Ci^W7UY%R'1 5 : ' 5 ; 5
% E W)'e.eKKp E ( 5 W EÈ >R'e%:G E ;.78:8.1 E
Zi\7d`_ gb[7S=d_X_eZ ` \fTbh=^=a7\aX_f^&d b]\ Z

Z`&h&îXiTXXghb=` gb[7SXd7_X_ `&h=îXi_TXXgchb&``Q^f:^&a7^gb[7S=d_X_
Zi=T_&dX^&]7^7WXh=^[XW \ g=_`S [ X\T\iXib f:îXT_d`&h=î=i_a7_`&h=^&d^&a7^
=^ EGE ig$+W<M 5 V[MK E8E ) 5 6 5 W<.MK;;iRW78Y%R'1 5 V]# H M.K+VU9W<;
( eT 5 5E8E RtRW< E RL>78+M' EGE ^+g M.K.:8W)>e%:GJ;$>+M'78X;V 5 7F E8E5 ] 9>78;+'780;$
++
8
"=uN 8

{VRWia1+_dY%Rk>W%I1J ke` s&P: 5 ;`MK E8E d;$+78.1a;$8
LXuNW8
XV
+
;$'7G+:8 5 R'e;$'7G+:8W<>e:8Ck= 5%E ;$'1+7 EG5E g$+W<M 5E e:8+78 5 7G E R:G'M.'_>W 5%Ea5 m (780Wi7Gp
+7 5 'e 5 ;$bRW 5 W<+e%:87G 5 CF? E8E #]3 E .e%:8g$R E ;<t+M 5 E W<'eBC D RL; 5 Y%R E +R
5 m J:G] 5< eMB;)M.'e9<] 5 e E ';+7U; 5 5 W)>e%:878 5 C
f 7U); e'7^RWi)178'I1+MPeT 5 M 5 +M{VR:G'M.'_>p E );.78:8.1Z3b_7h&ta C fZ5 7`g$+W<M 5 V E

178'I1+ E Y%R>W%I1I E +78'W;$ e'; E 5 W 5
TX=gchb=`b[XSf b_7h&a
iS7^&S:b=`T7db]^&S_7_`S\&df _`S7\&d
+W E W<'e E +78KW;$ eK; E 5 W 5
Z3b_7h&aTXXghb=`f b_7h&a
Z3b_7h&aT7d:b]^&S_iS7^&S:b=`f _`S\d a X^&]7êZ)7S:bhOZ9_`S7\&d
E W<]: 5 ; 5%EÊ T 5 ;$ e'; 5%E 5 7`W<+ 5 ;$;$R E ;.78:8.1 E V$e) 5 7GWi
ZGf:_S=Q\=aS:bT\a7_^`_i=i\ =îXi7b[^S=7d^

b'[:iSXd= X_i
Z6_[7af_&S=Q\=a
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q-
!)%q
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab %q
?de%:G78 E ;R E ;$'7G+:G'1I E<E T 5 5 M 5 +; E E .e E :87GRS E YR 5 7GWiW 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 C=
;$'7G+:G'1ZGf:_&S=Q\=a(;$+1+W E +7k E t>+ >; E E 7 5 78.N;; E ; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 V 5 W 5 iS^S:b=` 5 R
TXXghb=`$VJ E R3 EGE .eL:GR78;$'_+>e; 5 YRLMt] 5 e 5 W<V Y%R EFE T 5b5E 7UW<+:G7 5E E t+7U; 5%E
Y%RMB] 5iE +R:G' 5 ;(78: 5 78e 5 C fZ5 7a+g >W<M 5 V 5 ;+7 W 5%E :G+7
ZGf:_S=Q\=a iS^&S:b&`TXXgchb&`f:^cb[ a X^&]7^7WXh=^[XW SXd:b'[X

b[:iS=d= X_i
Z6_[7af_&S=Q\=a
= 5 % E W<.eie}(s,V 5%E 5 e E :87GR$: 5 78 E eT 5}E T 5 :G7U:U; 5%E ;$iWie>.7U};$ E :G'e%:8}; 5%E
W<]: 5 ; 5E ;$'e E :8eKCF\:G' 5 ;$78: 5 7Ge 5 78)>M. E ] E >W<7Gb;>MK7U; 5 G VL'e;$K+; 5
oPVZ HMH:8.W b[bS C E8E 'W}VdRW
E Rt+7UMK E8E 8
LXuNW8

5 7 5 W 5 e E :G 5 g$>W)M 5 C m +R2e 5 W<Vd 5 7<;$7UT 5 VZ]
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 E >W L7UW<:87 5%E Y%R6U9Wi 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7; E R
J7G+: 5 7Ge0]b;$ eK; 5 5 W 5
ZGf:_S=Q\=a TXXgchb=`b[bS ' `\[:iSXd=7S\d

X^ h=\X^=aE
b'[7]\&_iT_`7b^7hX^]^7WXh=^[7W \ gX_`SW=b
[bS
`Q^f:îXT_&d '
d7_&S=7d=[
Z6_[7af_&S=Q\=a
RL E`5 R$:G7U E ;$'7G+:G'1 E Y%R78>+ E 78+W 5E R$:8.M'._N7 E T 5
Zhb fbSh=\`^7hi [Mf:_d\b[7S_bd\

Zhb fbSiS^` M[ f:_d\b[7S_bd\
?dMK EÈ T 5 5 M 5 +; E ;$+e%:87 5 ;<;$ e'S>T 5 ;$+;3W<]: 5 ; 5 J E :Ut+M'>>W}V$7G E t>:G'1Ip
W<+e%:GV 5 =H
e W)>7 5 ;$J178'I1+ E M 5 + E Y%R 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 R$:G'M'._N0 5 :8Wie9 5 Wig$'W 5 Y%R
'M.9L):G'e;$R78e:80+g$>RLS+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C fZ5 7a+g >W<M 5
ZGf:_S=Q\=a TXXgchb=`b[bS ' `\[:iSXd=7S\d

Zhb fbSh=\`^7hi }
Zhb fbSiS^` }
^Xh=\X^=Ea
b'[7]\&_iT_`7b^7hX^]^7WXh=^[7W \ gX_`SW=b
[bS
`Q^f:îXT_&d '
d7_&S=7d=[
Z6_[7af_&S=Q\=a
? E8E E)E T 5-5E 78.e+.L E >M.>W)>e%: 5E ;$}% E W)'eBVdM.]>W ; E .e E :87GRS E 7 5 78'W)>e%:G
;$.:8 E VaY%R}R$:G'M.'_>7G>W 5E e E :G> :GRM 5 C2k>7G>W 5E V@+W E >RK;V6.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5
>78; 5 7a;$b+ ;. 5 C
12.3 Implementao
.W<M'+W<+e%:US+T 5 ; 5 +7U; 5 73;$$;$' 5 ]zWi E RWi&1+_ E >;eL&1 E .:8- 5E e E
;z781 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C E8E .W}VB;>MK7US>T 5 5 'e + 5 ;+M' EGE E T 5zE >W)>M.9Le%:G E 5 Y%R
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA X Qs
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
o HQMD HXDQ
1 .W 5%E e 5%E > :GRM 5E e%:8+78 5 7G E E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5E e 5 7 5 78W<<"I$C'"C?dW3 5 7US+7:8
;$)RW 5 :G0;H >7G>e:8bu uPVBz+M' EGE ]0RW< E Rt+M' EGE 0; 5 eM' E ; 5 7
E +Wie%:GK 5 V RWi01+_Y%R E 'e$ 5 78WiS E 5 W<R:8; E ;$R7Ue%:GJ<eM. E E +Wie%:8'>V$+W
7:8'+RM'76b:8t+MKb;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E V E T 5 R$:8.M'._N; E e3>78S+T 5 ; $;$' 5 C l e'+'M.W<+e%:8 E T 5
;$NMK7U; E ;$'1+7 E E 17GKI1> E VL+Rv 5E R EG5E(E >78T 5 g$M''>; 5%E ;$R78e:83 E :8)> :GRM 5 C(?dW
E +R';V 5 W 5 v E :8W 5%E 9H:8R; 5%E V]` +.:83U9Wi; J eM' E E +Wie%:8'> L E8E e; 5
5 W 5 7GRW<+e%: 5 )78._J;i7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C
;$. +78+eLS+ie 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 6 HDXDQ ? ]0YRVyM']+W ;i7U'_3;#7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>Vt+M'

78>>LJ 5 W 5 78W<:G7 5b5 e 5 W<; 5 7UY%R.1 5 pX 5 e%:GV+g$:8W)>e%:GJ 5 W 5 E :G 5 P 5 7GeNK; 5
ezM.'e9};$i 5 Wie; 5 78 5 5
5 W<'MK; 5 7>C ? E8E <e 5 W))] E >7U; 5 +W ;$R E 7:8 E V 5
+W<.e9 5 e 50E E :8+Wib;$(7UYR.1 5E 5 e 5 W<^7 5 7GKW<>e:8^;$.: 5 CZ? E8E E ;R E 7G:G E@E +7UT 5
R$:8.M'._N; E eLb78'S+T 5 ; 5 78Y%R'1 55 $v*: 5 C 4 EG5 3eM' E êLT 5 E :8*v E >e; 5 >H:U337G:G'7
;$iRW7UY%R'1 5 VyV E 'WV[;}+e%:878;pr;78T 5 VP+e%:8T 5}5 e 5 W<i78>>K; 5 5 W 5 78RW)>e%: 5
5 e%:G]+W 5<E :G78'e<1I_+ 5 = C
F n J O Y Z LALQYQ=^Q^P; [G G&H

G v KG&H[ ^TQ%9n :G ;%<N:G =?>L j =D BED
\ RR v ^ ; ;P=Q: p;S=A^ :t< := ;
_ G KG&H [ I%JZ G G [
d ^ K = KZ LPa ZbH =YS K : Z?H < %=^ G v KG&H ^ Z ; H `lB =^l
e : <c; :L Y RR H ;?> GS[ ;T=Q: I%JZ p; a; HKG
g K : Z?H <c; J :L G 9=Z G RR [Z : GQK x&: Z ; [ ;P=%: I%JZ p;ta; HKG
h K : Z?H <c; J :L G K&^N
i 9K: Z?H : J :MGa%nMO ` YY RRRRPH=%:;?> G pLQ;A;?>n; Y GQK ; ;S[ ;PLQx a; H<K;tG ^LU: ;
k ZbHK Z&KG HQJ I%JZ H[G [6Z G Z&K
Frq K : Z?H L < :O::YQ=G = j YQYQÀ= O6GsYS ` HJ YQY3RRRPR =%W%:U>> =QV:GU; H =S;X:nx K%:Jx%Yv ; >[;PGt:[x G ^&pY;SZ ; =S[GT^ J:S> < O ::G= = j;
FuF ZbH;K;Y J= =O6^%G =Q: `Ta=Y^ 3RR H G L%=c[^ LQYQ=^QZ^ > K%J >S> ; G ;A^ G =Q: [
Fr\O ;;Y G = HAN^ ;&: K `tK a=Y^ G RR Z?H[6Z L%=c^ G p=Q: pGtKY G ^ J ^ K [;t=^K^ K=YQ= =
Fr_O G^ H=L K V G ^ =L #G < RRTpZ?H=Q:[6Z p G^ Z&LQ; G :;G YQ=bK> ; G&H[^Q; =TnZbH Y = [
F|d ZbHK K j Z G K j Z N Z% GZ I%J6G HK J [ Z N
Fre n Y Lt; yE{
Frg JO Z [G G&H
Fh ^ n :CyE{ RQRSL =?>=cLQ; ^ : ;&: %n L
Fri J G N H K JK [G G N6G j
Frk
\uq n Y LPp; ; 6;; y ^ 6; vC : <ta Y =b> {
\F JO Z Z&[ [G G&H :;&K6^SZ K>= [G LUvL nK ZbH; Z G&H; G v6L n ;
\u\ K%N G HK6Z G K6Z H G&H [G G K6Z H
\u_ &n L 6;; yuv{ RRPa=QVS= Y ^ ^ > L%=
\d %^ G >N6G Bu; j B|nK: Y y?l?sm >= H6L :Z :G;%:SaG ; HK6Zl%{
\ue KG JK ZbHK H G HK6Z G JQH[
\ug
\h Z?HKc`taZ Y =b> BYQ=^ v%aCyu Y B^ n6=Q:= ;&:{oRRXn <=A; ;?> ;Pa;
\ui QZ ; J :6L GZ G&Z HY G G`ta Z Y KG&H H=?>[GG B^ JQO ^ KZ : GZ?H <CG y Z fDQ{K G H Gt[ HKG
\uk
_uq Z ay ;ZP: L s9{ = `mll RRon <=M;SL&=b> ;
_F J G K&N G ZbHN
_u\ G Y^ G; :L 9= `Pa Y =b> B^ ^ : <ys {
_u_ J G K&N Z G&H G JO K ZbH Z
= K * 3K3 r r ** r * r
* 3
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA cX D
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab
_d Q ; J :6L G O ^t`ta Z Y G&H =b> G RRP< J =Q: [ = K =b> O ?>z;SL%=b> ZbHN ;MLQ;>nY GQK ;
_ue
; [G UG H YQ=^QÛ G LQYU Z ^ K ; [G yuv{oRRAL N =b>=t< G :=! ;Tn6=Q:=S=P:= Z V
_ug
465 W 5 E :Ga:UW0L]>W]`RW+ :GRM 5 M 5 e 55 W<H:8.78+W 5EZ5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R E T 5 78+t:GKS E
HDXD C
AD o C HD
;$ 5 R$:G7 5E 1% E : 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GV Y%R E 'W)M. E W<+e%:8^.e 1 5 >W J+7US>T 5 ;$+$;$. 5 7U
5E M'9 5E C f E8E W 5E VP EGE 'WVy 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 YR3:878:8;)RWe
;$b;$NMK7US>T 5 ;(RW<i+M' EGE C[? E8E W<]+: 5 ; 5 ]W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi"N$C$C
>1>W 5%E M'+W0787`.e'+'M.W<+e%:83Y%RbRWe C'AD o C HD 5 ;$b78+78 E +e%:87`RWi

;$NMK7US+T 5 ;#MK E8E ie.e9L;V[ 5 7b EGEG5 V]ie>+ E8E 7G 5 YR#M'RWi E 17GKI1> EJE *vW
E M'1I E e%:G E ;$^'eKK7 5 7 5 EGE W<>e: 5 ; E 'e$ 5 7GWiS E e 5 eC f[5 7dg$>W)M 5 VRWi; E
Q? e X?=D
5 t+7US E +.:8 E e E :8#e]+7GKS>T 5 ;$#RW7UY%R.1 5}5 e;$ E +7U7UI1; 55 7 5 7UWi
I
2
5 v*: 5 e 5 5 78Wi: 5 ; 5 % E W<.eBC[78 >7 >eK` 5^5 $v*: 5 YR@78+78 E +e%:8F EGE
7UY%R'1 5 ]<78W<_+>e;<eL#178'I1+M N C Re; 5 RWi+M' EGE 0e.e9;#1I E +7 :G7U:U;V
E8E #178'I1+Mv E :U) 5 R;I0 5 W RW 5 $v*: 5 Y%R)] 5 78Y%R'1 5#5 $v*: 5 ; E Rz+M' EGE
Wi E +g%:8+78eC fZ5 76 E8E5 V 5 1IM 5 76;$= N :G>W YR E >7 E M'1 5 >W N C H V7UY%RRW 5 R$:G7 5
I
7UY%R'1 5 5E8E E +7k78'; 5 E R 7G+ +7 +e+' 78W<_+>e;+W N C(Y%R>M.F 5 e%: 5 +W;'e:8
eL E R7G1 5 78 EG5 5 e;}MK E8E <e'e9;Vy: 5 ; 5}5 $;$' 5}E +7U78I1; 5 e E :8)e 5 1 5
7UY%R'1 5 CZ 5 :G+78W<.eL7^)eM. E J;$ EGE <MK E8E (]Je>+ E8E 7G 5 78 E :8R787 5 1M 5 7`;$ N 7U
Y%R 5 7G E :Ue%:GJ; 5 $;$' 5 ;<+M' EGE Jg :G>7Ge0 5E8E E +7`7 5 ;$R_+K; 5 e 5 78Y%R'1 5 5 7G78: 5 C
^t EFE M.17@ E 17GKI1> E eN EGE 78' E V]78>RL>78;J+e%:G7U;JeJ:8L>M'3;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E
J
o
5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:G +M' EGE E +e; 5 ;$>+M'78;C^(M']07GNRt+7U;ii+e%:G7U;#; E R E Rt+7Gp
MK E8E Cd? E8E E ;$RL E >e:878; EÈ T 5 7GWi_>+e; E >W & V78 E LN :G'1W<+e%:8C67G:G'7
;$ EGE E ;$RL E >e:878; EÈ T 5 >MKRMK; 5Ea5E e 5 W< E G 5 W<M.+: 5%E ;$ E8E E ;$R E MK E8E E Cd? E8E E
e 5 W) E V E +R'e; 5<5 ;$7UT 5 ; 5 :8; 5 e<(s,V E T 5 5 78W<; 5E ; E +R'e:8JW<e+'7U
7 h=îXi m
E &+M' EGE zeLT 5 ]}RWiMK E8E e'e9;V E >Re 5 W)} 5 W<M.+: 5 5 .e+'; 5 W E +R

e 5 W<b;$>+M'78; 5 C fZ5 7`+g >W<M 5 V
h=îXi h&î=i
E 0MK E8E ](e.e9; E >R#e 5 W<( 5 W<M': 5 ] 5 e 5 W)(;3+M' EGE 5 e;$>M' 5 y;$>+M'p

7U;aW< E RWQ UV>W< EB5Ê >R(e 5 W<d;$>+M'78; 5 C fZ5 7Bg$+W<M 5 V C
AcA=C'A1 BcD o ?
m i}MK E8E E +e; 5 ;$NMK7U;eT 5 5E8E RkRW< E Rt+7UMK E8E } +g M.K.:8W)>e%:Gi;$>+M'78;V
E8E RW78+M' EGE @] Ct 5 78Y%R'1 5 +7GK; 5 7U^+7US>T 5
l h=îXi h&îXi
;$+$;$. 5 ];; 5b5 e 5 W< Y%R^](b 5 e+:G>eS>T 5 ; 5 e 5 W<; 5 78Y%R'1 5 p{ 5 e%:G` 5 W 5 e 5 W<
5 W<M.+: 5 ;}MK E8E )<Wi EJ5E R g 5 8
C fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 VMK E8E
;$NMK7U;-e 5 7UY%R'1 5 5 e%:G!lO8.7U7 5 ;R_+'7#RW 7UY%R.1 5-5 $v*: 5 U9Wi; 5 !.
O8MLb|L pb|L 8
C

F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [:G;&6 G&^PH YQ=^;Û G L%Y&v6L ; n[9G :;%y; <YQ:==?^Q>Û= G D LQ YUB 6 ; [G v{
\ K%N G&H [G G K6Z H
_ %U> = Y >n ;Y `t : = Y RQRS^%=Y&p= = YQ=MLQ;%:Q:
d ;;KY O= GSK>G n^ N =Q: [ ` J=^%K O=Q: G RQRS^%=Y&p=SKp=QO6: G p Y =G&^QH KG=Q:
eO :QG HcYQ=K^Q^cG LXK` K YY N K K Z& G N K K
g HK :QYQ=^Q^ L HJ^&` YY
h HK H H HJ
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q
!)
i i
q àà BZ)*à@*<a
i K :Y Z?H <An Z Y GUH :=b> =bG >` ;H^J YY^ H =b> G

k Z G JK JK K G
Frq 9: ZbHK : Z&KG :Ma%nY [ `Pa%n RRS^%=Y%p=A=Q: I&JZ p;A^ G&H[ ;t< G := [ ;
FuF
Fr\ Z ayu:vS`Q` : HJ YY{
Fr_ GQK&J H
F|d RQRt=L N =t=ALQYQ=^^ GPH = K = O6G Y%=
Fre
Frg H LP^P`-` yLHB|n6K :=Q: YQ=^3^R{PRX nJ : K<==MO Y^ G n BLQ:6YQ=LQ^Y%=^&^Zb^ H[ nyuvCB H =b> G B Z >=< G {
Fh H H GUHK G J G G
Fri RQRXn G <= H ;?> Gt[ =A^ J n G :6LQYQ=^^ G
Frk
\uq Z ay ^ H =?^T> `` `HJ l YY6=Qp{ =RY%= <R L lRQR >=M^ n :6LQYQ=^^
\F H G H OQG K H6G&NJ J G G
\u\ G Y^ G ^ =?> ` ^BLQ;?>n6Y =b> yE{
\u_ H G H GQKG G
\d Z Y G&H =?> G `S; J :6L G O ^SfmlBlf H LBLQ;?>nY GQKG =?> G yE{tf %=^ G v KG&H ^ Z ; H
\ue
\ug K :
\h RRALU: Z =S=Q: I%JZ p;on6=Q:=t< G :=Q:
LQx [6Z <; [ =MLQYQ=^Q^ G
\ui ;^P` H6G A Z Y G JK n JK K : G =b> yu Z Y GUH =b> G {
\uk
_uq L&= L y Y ; ; v6L n ; {
_F K N Z G K JQH[ G K6Z HG
_u\
_u_ K%N :;& H6G A G&H ; [lG= v6L G; n K6ZL&;: H = y ; n a Y lfP Y =?> {
_d HH K G KG JK JK Z G Z G&H G
_ue
_ug a&nc` H6G S9: ZbHK : Z&KG :Cy;^{
_h &6^ KG >B; JK Bn: ZbHK Y H y?l? G&H6G := K6ZbH < l?fT Z Y GUH =b> G {
_ui
_uk RQR ^L&: p ;AL&= %=Y ; ;t=%: p;AB^Q; :6L BL%YQ=^^ B^ n :
dq n JK G ; [G G y?lG QO6QG NQ[ QI%JZ QQJ G QQG JQG l%{
dF n JK ; [G y?l; [G < G&HG := KG%[AO tffALQ;?>n Z Y G :l%{
d\ n JK ; [G y?l G :6^ Z ; H sBED X ss l%{
d_ n JK ; [G y?l QQQQQQQQQ l%{
dud n JK ; [G y?lB^%; J :6L G lfS; J :6L G Z Y G {3RR G ^QL&: G p G B^Q; J :6L G
de n JK ; [G y?lBL%YQ=^^Tn JO Y Z Lmlf H LBLQ;>nY GQKG =b> G yE{{RRBL%YQ=^^ G
dg n JK ; [G y?lB^ J n G :!lfS^ H =b> G {3RR G B^ J n G :
dh
di J : K = O Y G ` H LB H6G ^ KGQ[ RR K = O6G Y%=MLQ;%:: G&HKG ` K = O6G YQ= [ =MLQYQ=^^ G
dk
euq N=; ^Q K =%: KYQ=`P^QaÛ6=;Y^ %G 6 ; yv/B ; {
eF [G GUH [ [G O [
eu\ Z ay L&N: ==^Q K =Q:= K {XyE{R RPp G : Z a Z L%=c^ G LQY%=^^ GtKG >S> K ; [ ;M^ K =%: K
eu_ RQRPa G L NG =Q:AKG%=Q: I&ZbHJZ p;Tn6=%:=MLQYQ=^^ G
ed a&n BLQY;^ G yE{
eue a&nc`Pa%n6Y [ 3RRX: G L J n G :=A=Q: I%JZ p;S= HKG : Z ;%:
eug J : K = O Y G ` KG >n N ;Y [ RRT: G L J n G := K = OG YQ=MLQ;&:: G&HKG
eh
eui N =^Q K =%: K ` KG >n^ K =%: K RRT: G L J n G :=SaYQ=Q<
euk
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~:} X
~ X
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab %q "
^Wi1+_#>MKRMK; 5%E5E e 5 W< E ;+M' EGE i; E R E Rt+7UMK E8E i78'; 55 78Y%R'1 5
5 v*: 5 Vy]078I1; 55 +LNS+M'9 5 e 5 5 78W<: 5 E W<'eBVB 5 W 5 ;$ E +7G.: 5 e 5 .e 5 ;$ E :Gi+p
:GRM 5 CJ^M']+W;$0RW 5 W<+e%:87G 5 .eL;$'>e; 5 Y%R 5 7UY%R.1 5 5 [>78; 5 L>M 5 5 W).MK; 5 7
Z`&h=îXi$V#ZiXT_&dZi\7d`_C2`:8.M'._NW
C? HD
++ V
E T 5 .e E +78K; E E ;.78:8.1 E 5E<5 W<]: 5 ; 5
N
X VY%RJ1+78+W 5%E Wi E ;$Ke%:GVL7Ub'e E >7G'7a$;$' 5 e 5 78Y%R'1 5b5 $v*: 5 C@ Y%R(+M'
_)]) E '>W<+e%:8:G7Ue E 78+1+7 5zE :G78.ez E8E ; 5 5 W 5 78RW<+e%: 5 +WRWize 5 1#M'.e9
e 5 7UY%R'1 5 C
A=;:?A:?
=zM.'e9o$"b]0 +.:8zU9Wi;#;#>78S+T 5 ;$0+ ;. 5 78 5 5 7G 5 ;zMK E8E C?dW
E +R';]} >H:URWi1+78 +S+T 5E5 78 5 1M 5 7#;1I7GKI1>M C? EGE 178'I1+M
'e;$K+ E )e 5 5 7G 5 ;+M' EGE 0 5 d;$NMK7U; 5z5 W<]: 5 ; 5 b'[7SiS^&dXS ' C 4 EG5 :G+e9 E K; 5
;$NMK7U; 5 V E :G E >78 5 5 e: 5 ;$z+e%:G7U;}L7UMK E8E V 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 t+M 5 Y%RM6+M' EGE
5 ; E +7<g$NR$:U;C,?kg$ E :GVd 5 7G]>W}VdRW 7 5 M.>W< 5 W 5 'e;$K+7<78-- sY%R
iS^S:b=`]\cbaf:^cb[ SXd:b[XV Y%R78+W 5E ]

'78zg$>+R$:87bz+M' EGE iY%R< E :G<] 5 5 e%: 5 ;)>e%:G7U;Vy1% E : 5 Y%Ri s E +W<78)'eKK
+g$>RLS+T 5 5 73W<+ 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
W<]+: 5 ; 5 f:^cb[)Y%R^+ :GRLbbU9W<; 5 e 5E8E5 5 e%: 5 ;$^>e:878;liS^dXP
S CO 5 Y%R
5 W<]: 5 ; 5 o D&A?=DU
A VU9Wi; 5 e)M'.e9)o/0; 5 7 5 7UWii"NC 3JW 5E :G7U; 5 e 5
78K7 5
78>M''_>
7 5 78W<"NC /C
F n : Z p= KG p; ZU[ L&: G = KG% = Z?H yE{ 9:;%<:=?>=D Bu@
\ :QYQ=^Q^Spt`-y :YQ=^^{P : = Y BY p Y n
_ HK HK J K O G G G J
d n ; yE{
e n JK ; [G y?l :Sn; a;%: U l%{
g n JK ; [G y?lB > HK ; ^ ZbH= K LXn K&N6Y G L>= y| =Qp=RY%= <R : <E{?l%{
h JK [G G%K%N [ K K6Z JO Z Z?H H K ZbH
i nn JK ;; [G y?y?llBBYY Z >> Z&K Y^ ;=L&=L Y^
DDl%{l%{
k JK [G Z Z&K K j
Frq nn JK ;; [G y?y?ll ZbHa p; j6G ^ K = K6Z LcYQ= H <l%Q{: K R& JQHK6Z > G R ZbHZ&KZ =Y Z V G yE{%l&{
FuF n JK ; [G y?l Z HpG; ^ = LG&lH[fPpCBLQ;?>n6Y =b> yE{tflbR^ =Q: yE{%l%{
Fr\ n JK ; [G y?lnZbH;Unl%j6{G K K6Z GQKG G K K
Fr_ n JK = [G Yy?l l%{
F|d n JK ; O6G y?l G&Hp[; ^ = LcYQ= <Q: R& > R%a Y VCy{?l%{
Fre n JK ; [G y?l:ZbH j6: G l%K{ K6Z H K JQHK6Z G ZbHZ Z
Frg n JK ; [G y?lB GQK&J H> ; l%{
Fh JK [G G&H[ GQK%N [
Fri
\W<]+: 5 ; 5 #>MA
>78; 5 :G+W 5iE >R'e%:G( 5 78Wi: 5
[7SXd T\b[7S7\&dS=Q_ =
Z%f:_&S=Q\&aiS^&S:b&`TXXgchb&`f:^cb[ a X^&]7^7WXh=^[XW S&d:b'[X
6Z hbfbS h=\`^7h7i }
Z6hbfbS iS^` }
b'[7]\&_iS^&S:b&`h=^[XMXdXSW X[7S:b f:_7Wb'[:bScb^7hbX_ '
b&[_ _[a
b'[7]\&_iS^&S:b&`gb[XSXd_X_7W7iS^&dXS '
T\T
_[aeU b'[7]\&_iS^&S:b&`h=^[XM XdXSW X[7S:b f:_7Wcb'[bhb

i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA ' MX %
i i
q àà BZ)*à@*<a
d7_&S=7d=[
Z3_[af:_&S=Q\=a
iS^&dXSPV
h=^[7XdXSZ X[7S:bf_Z b'[bS:b^Xhb7_
ê%:G E ;#.e'+'73g$NRS>T 5 ;+M' EGE i 5 7bW<+ 5 ;&U9Wi; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5

U9W< Y%Ri7G+: 5 7GezRW .e%:G>.7 5 Ci? EGE iW<]: 5 ; 5E +7U
;$ E +R$:GK; 5 e E >S>T 5 "N$C # 5 Y%R)+M'3_3]).e'+'M.'_>7 5 *78Re%:G'W< 0;e 5E8E M.'eR+W}C
1M 5 7 5 7 >M.07G+: 5 78e; 5 'e;$K+ E 0.e'+'M.'_>S+T 5 5 [L>W0p E RN;$';; 5 1M 5 7(.RM[
_+>7 5 5 R E JRW+787 5)5 5 7878+RBC[?dW + EG5 ;$+787 5 V$)U9LWi;) (iS7^&dXSieT 5 ]( >H:UC
f:^cb[ SXd:b'[7V
M.>H: 5 7Wi E :8+e%: 5 ;+1<:8+70L>78++K; 5 Y%R# 5 7U;+W E 5 M'9K;}+R E 78zRW
7 5 M'+Wi E 5 7 5 78Wi; 5 7#;$>+';$'R ;>MK7U7zRWW<]: 5 ; 5 e 5E +R
7 5 78W<
X ++ C f +78WieN RW+g$+7U 5 I
1+7<^ +e;$K} 3 E +7)7G E5 M.1 K; 5 <:8]
5 eL;$J E8E5 ]JRW7 5 M'+Wi)JY%R EÈ +78KW E 5%EGEG 1+ EaE5 M.RS E C
^ 5 7U0Y%RFv3:G+W 5%E RW7UY%R'1 535 e;$J>787 5 $;$' 5 ;<MK E8E 1W 5%E 78>M.'_>76 EGE
5 t+7US>T 5 78b>;JRW; 5E >M.>W<+e%: 5%E ;$>e:87 5 ;bMK E8E CdW<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R:G7U:83; 5 5 7G 5
;<MK E8E (]W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi#"I$C C f 7U) E +M' EGE E e.e9L; E V 5 W 5 v<1%'W 5E V 5
7 5 E8EG5JE ^78+t:8^RW e 5 1 5 7UYR.1 5JE +7U78K; 5 Cê%:8 E ;>78S+T 5 ;$ $;$' 5 78 5%E
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7G E C 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 7 5 R7UJe(:Ut+MKb;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E RW 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7 E +W 7UW<+:G7 5E
78i#+M' EGE b 5 7G78+e%:8Ca?dM'0>7:UW<+e%:8bg$ E :8Vt 5 E VL 5 W 5 1 .W 5%E e 5 > :GRM 5 "N Vt+ EG5
AD
+M')eT 5E v;$NMK7U; 5 t+M 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7>V 5 787G 5 eLM' E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:8' 5 RK;78z;$
'e E >7G.prM 5 e):8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E CZ= E :Gb> EG5 V 5 +W< 5 ;<>e:878;0]1+7U;;$+'7 5
tXDA ? o ? D A@C?

'e;$K+iY%RbRWi<'W<M.>W<+e%:8S+T 5 pXL;$7UT 5 ;$+1 E >7^>78;)7U) E :G3 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7NV 5 YRb]
+:GR; 5 L>M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 W 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78W<"NC oC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H YQ=^Û6; [ Q6; [9G :;%y<YQ:==?^Q>Û=6; D [ %B6 ; [G v{
\ K%N :;&6^P G&H ; [G vL G n K6Z ; H
_ HK :Q GQK%N ; [ Y
d
e
g Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
h ; [G G&H YQ=^^b G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/BLQY Z ^ K {
i ; [G G&H =Q:Q G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/BpY Z ^ K {
k YT`S J : K = O Y G B > GQK%N ; [ ZbH[ H LQYQ=^^y?lUL%; H ^ K : J L K ;%:l HQJ YY6{
Frq
FuF Z a- y:=YB;a= j6^ G : { L ;%:% a= Y yE{RRA^ LQ; ^ : ;%:cTa=Y^Q; < := a= Y
Fr\ G H K J K G J K G H K JK G [G J K
Fr_ ; [G G&H ; H ^ K : J L K G LQY& Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/BL K Y Z ^ K {
F|d ; [G G&HGQK%N ; [ G LQYU Z ^ K ; [G yuvCB >Y Z ^ K {
Fre
Frg
F n : Z p= KG p; ZU[ G :=Q; H ^ K : J L K ;&:Q G a9= :J ;%Y <K :=?yE{>=D B
\ : <
^ n
_ K Z?H J
d HK :QYQ=^Q^cLQL
e LLX`y :Y%=^^{P : = Y BY p Y nRRon <=MLQY%=^^ QL ;&::
g HK J K O G G G J G G &G HKG
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q/
!)o
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab %q/
h Z a-yL^ LncBn6=Q`S: G&LHLK B|n=Q:` HJ YQBY6LQ;?{P>n6RYRP=L N =b= > H ;?yE>{Gt [ =A^ J n G :6L%YQ=^^ G
i J G&HK GQKG G
k G Y^ G ^ nc`
l =Qp=RYQ= <R L l
Frq J H O%G K
FuF RRX< :=M;tLQx <;Xn6=Q:=M;SLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%: [G a= J Y K
Fr\ n JK G; [G yE{ [6Z
Fr_ n JK ; [G y?l G a= J Y K LQ; H ^ K : J L K ;%:/B=YQY^S^ J n G :CyE{l&{
F|d n JK ; [G y?lB > G%K%N ; [ n JO Y Z L ZbHZ&K} yE{l%{
Fre n JK ; [G y?lBY Z > Z&K Y;L%=Y^
Dl%{
Frg n JK ; [G y?lBY Z > Z&K ^ K =L j Dl%{
Fh n JK ; [G y?l?=Y;%= [ Qsl&{
Fri n JK ; [G y?l ZbH p; j6G ^bn G L Z =Y!lfM^ J ncfml?R ZbHZUK} yE{?l%{
Frk n JK ; [G y?l: GQK&J : H l%{
\uq n JK ; [G y?lB G&H[ > GQK%N ; [ l%{
\F
\u\
x
A6D o CE HD
Q:878:8W)>e%: 5 ;$`RWiJ;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$a178'I1+M$;$`'e E :8eLK ]a E :Ue%:G E .W<M' E V 5 W 5
W 5E :G7U 5 7 5 78W<("I$C C f 7U`+;è e 5 5 78 5 ;+M' EGE k]d78>RL>78;`
Z3b_Xh&atC
H o AcA ?Q=<CABCD
+e%:878; 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e:8ae(:8L>M'b; E W3 5 M 5E ;$+ 5 E ]+7U; RW<3;$.78:8.1
W<]: 5 ; 5 ]<;$>+M'78; 5 E :878: 5 eLz+M' EGE 0.W<M'+W<>e:U; 5 +W
+;(RWiJ; EdE R EkE RPMK E8E E C?dM'^;$+1 5 M'1FRW E :G78'ebY%Ra7G>7G E >e%:8 5 :G' 5 ;(>e:878;
e 5 > EG5 V 5 :G' 5 ;z178'I1+M è RW 5 7GWi: 5 pr;$78T 5 ;$ eK; 5 L>M'(s,C fZ5 7Jg$>W)M 5 V
78 5E :8. 5E ;J;; 5%E +W ++ V$:G>W 5%E EÈ +R.e%:8 E 78+78 E +e%:8S E
X
D ' 5 c`+7G E >e:US>T 5
b [7S
iSXd:b[X a = ^&]^7WXh&^[7W SXd:b'[X
h=îXi a h=î=i
b[7SV
h=îXi h=î&i X a h&îXi h&îXi
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H =Q:% G LQY&; [G 9y:=Q;%:Q< :G =?L%>Y&=6; D [ G Bu v{
\ ^ 6; n
_ Z K [G
d HK :Q:QQ=Q= :cY Y LX` YY
e HK O G HJ
g
i a;&:yrnM`Pv/Bp=Q:^(nu` YYnM`Tn B v {
k HJ H6G K
Frq =Q:Q; `y=Q:%6; {nB ;
FuF [GtI [G H [G
Fr\ RRon G <=wp=%: Z% p G Y H = K = O6G YQ=
Fr_ YP`S J : K = O Y G Bp=%: ZbH[ y I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=%< G {
F|d
Fre RRT< := : p= Ba Y
Frg n JK G; [G y?[6lZ Ba GQZ%K6G YZ [ n JO YZ%GZ Lm[ lfAYB H =b> G f
lSlfAYB [ ^L&=Qp=yE{Q{
Fh
Fri
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA 'Q X Q
i i
q àà BZ)*à@*<a
:878:8W)>e%: 5 ;$kRWi`;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$d 5 e E :87GR: 5 7NV >H: 5 t+M 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi"I$Cq V
]<RW 5 RL 5 M 5 e 5 C) EGE .W}VeM' E 7G>W 5%E 5 7J7:8 E C l e'+'M.W<+e%:8)]<W 5 e%:U;M. E :U
;$<:8. 5E ; 5%E 7UW<+:G7 5E Y%R<]V>e%:8T 5 VBR E ;z78M 5 >M'._N7+e%:G7U;z; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7
eb:8t+MKb;$ E W3 5 M 5E CZ`YRL1M'e 5 :87@Wi E RW<31>_Y%R 3R E + 5 ;$+78' E >76>1%.:8;
E 0 E8EG5 +' EGE +W 5%E #>e:878;#;:8L>M'z 5 ez;z781 5 7G E .e%:U:GK+e 5 W 5 W)>e%: 5 >W Y%R
5<E W3 5 M 5 ]J'e E +78'; 5 e3:8L>M');$ E W3 5 M 5E CZ? E8E 0W< E W< 5 E >7G1S>T 5 1M.J783W3R.: 5%E
5 R:G7 5E 5 e%: 5%E e+7US>T 5 ;$$;$' 5 C[ EGE 'WVeT 5 1IW 5E 78+t:8HprM'(: 5 ;1>_V +e; 5bEG5
cI
'eRW0 >eK<; 5 M'+.: 5 7`K;$>e:8 +prM 5E C
=k
=M.'e9^/^ E R E >Y >e%:G E ]6+M'+RMK;``78+7G E >e:US>T 5 ; 5E :G' 5%E ; 5E L7UW<:87 5%E e
5 78Wi^;$6RW E :87G'eLVI;6 5 7U; 5 5 W;$7UT 5 ; s; E 78H: 5 e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:GC`:8.M''_>eL; 5
E8E <.e$ 5 7GWiS+T 5 ]+7U;<i;$'7G+:G'1 ZGf_&S=Q\=a<e 5 7UY%R.1 5 ;$ E ;Cè 5 W<R$:G'M'._N; 5 V
;$ 5 7U; 5 5 W 5 ;$78T 5 ; 5 E W<'e s,V6] b'[bS 5 :G' 5 ;$&7G+: 5 78e 5 G V
]
78+78 E +e%:8; 5 t+M 5 PC E >R'7NVM'Re E +g >W<M 5%E
465 e E :87GR: 5 7 4 t>S>M'9 5

` \[:iSXd=:`S7\&d ' ZGf_&S=Q\=aT=Xgchb=`b[bS '
`\[:iSXd=:`S7\&d b[XS ZGf_&S=Q\=aT=Xgchb=`b[bS
`\[:iSXd=:`S7\&d iS=d:b'[7 ZGf_&S=Q\=aT=Xgchb=`b[bS a X^&]7^7WXh=^[=W SXdb[=
`\[:iSXd=:`S7\&d b[XS ZGf_&S=Q\=aT=Xgchb=`b[bS X
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H ; H ^ K : J L K G LQ9YU:6;%; <[:G =?>yu=; H D ^ K B(: ' J L K G L%Y&6; [G v{
\ :Q ;
_ HK GQK%N [MK
d HK :Q:QQ=G LPY :A` HJ YY
e HK :QYQO=^QGc^ G ^LQY%=^^
g HK :QQ=Q: K&N^&pZ =Q:
h HK K%NZ
i =QZ :Q^ K 6;LQ[Y&6G ; n
k G [GAI
Frq =Q:Q; [ GPJ
FuF ZbHKP: H <
^ nc`
ll
Fr\ K Z?H J
Fr_
F|d nAZ a-`tyuvAv/B ``; H/J B|n6Y=%Y6:{=b>: GQ K%J : H
Fre O [
Frg H `Ss
Fh RR>; =A=SY ^ =MLQ;?>m;^ n6;^ ;^n6=Q:b> :;^
Fri Y HK yrnu` Z KYY6{ K6Z [ GQK
Frk NZ G HJ
\uq RR I ` H xAL%;?>m= [G LQYQ=Q:=! ; [ ;n6=Q:b> GQK :;
\F
\u\ I ``yryr=Q=Q:Q:Q6G; LQY&6{ ; [G Bp{o=Qn:6^B H B ; [; G RR ` xSLQ;?>; ;?>
\u_ J ff [G I H [G J H H GSGP[6Z > G&H ^ ;
\d H
\ue RRt=L N =S= G&HK := [ = [ ; KZ n; H = K = O6G Y%=
\ug
\h G `S J : K = O Y G BLQY%=^^& Z?H[ ny I B|n;^ Z&K6Z ; H B Z >=Q< G {
\ui RRSL%; H ^ K :x Z =AY Z ^ K =MLQ;?>m;^ K6Z n6;^ [ ;^n6=Q:b> GQK :;^
\uk
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%qo
!)%q
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab %qo
_uq :S` t :Q Ly B > (:{

_F nM`TnHG B H6G v HK K G G J [ Z H
_u\
_u_ K : ZbH <Pn=Q:Y Z ^ K `mll
_d a-yu: u` HJ YY6{
_ue Z
_ug :S`t:CB ZbH p G : KG yE{ RR ZbH p G : KG t= Y Z ^ K =
_h RR>; = ^L&: ;%:tn6=Q:=AL%= = > ; ^n6=Q:b> GQK :;^
_ui n6=Q:Y Z H^ KK `t[:CG B [ ^Z&L K&=Qp=yE{ [ J [
_uk
dq
dF RRT=L N =A= G&HK := [ = [ ;tLQ; H ^ K : JK ;%: H = K = O6G YQ=
d\
d_ K :S` J : K; = O Y` G B > GQK%RNRP; [< Zb=%H: [ =oy?lU>LQ; H ^; K : ;MJ L LQK ;&;%::: l:{
dud J GQK%N [ K J [ K [ G&HKG
de RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:=A;SL%= O6G &=Y N ; [ ;tLQ; H ^ K : JK ;&:
dg n JK G; [G yE{ [6Z
dh n JK ; [G y?lB > G%K%N ; [ n JO Y Z L ZbHZ&K} y?lofon6=Q:Y Z ^ K fl%{l%{
di RR W%> :;o> v >; YQ;L%= ^ Y V= =^
dk n JK H; [GG y?lBY Z > Z&Z K Y[;GL%=Y^mlZ f JK K6B KZ ; KZ =Y[Y;L%=Y^{
euq RRn G <=A= G&HK := [ = [ =SLQYQ=^^ G LQ;%:: GUHKGPH = K = O6G Y%=
eF
eu\ K%RNRZ n^LQ<YQ==M^^t; `-;?> y HK :=M^ YQ=n ^:6^{PLQYQ= J^:^ K = O Y G BY G p G Y J n
eu_ G H GP[ J G G
ed Z a-y K%^ NncZ ^LQ`YQ=y^Qy^B|n6=Q::G&HY%K=^û`{ HJ ^YQLQY6Y%{ =^^B|n=Q: {BLQ;?>nY 6=b> y{
eue J HK K&NZ G&HK GQKG G
eug G Y^ G ^ nc`
l =Qp=RYQ= <R L l
eh J H O%G K
eui RRXp G : Z a Z L%=c^ GPKG >zL N =b>= [ =A=;S^ J n G :6LQ; H ^ K : JK ;%:
euk a-y : ; B =^^ n :{
guq Z RRA^ JGXH6GQ K%;N 3[L N N=b>=MJ ^ J Gn G :Cy{{
gF n JK ; [G y{
gu\ n JK ; [G yl?=Y;Q= [ QslXDQ{
gu_ n JK ; [G yl ZbH p; j6G ^bn G L Z =Y!lfM^ J ncfmlbR ZbHZ&K} yE{?l DQ{
gd
gue
gug RR L = > ;&p; ^L%;Un; = = Y%=MLQ;%:: G&HKG
gh J : KZbH= OZ Y GZ B O6JG < ZbHH LQ;bn GG yE{ H K O6G
gui
guk
hq K% N:Z ^&p= =Q:MY ` Bu= H6G Sy HKÛp:=QQ:=Q{:Cy?Rl K&R NZ ^LQlY K%NpZ =Q^:LQYQ=p^Q^YAsY;{L% =Yml ^lTLQ;?> W%> :;Ps
hF 6JYQ;KL%=OY^tG `c[D[ K%NZ RR ZbHZ L Z?Z H=Y Z JV=Z H W%> GZ%: ; G [G p=Q: Z% p K%GNZ ^SZ Y;L%= Z ^ H G
h\
h_ RR ZbHZ L Z =Y Z V= H W%> G :; [GSG ^bn!= Q;^S;L J n6= [ ;^ H =Xn Z Y N =
hrd ^ =L V À^ =L # < `ts
he K; [G j G&HZ GGQK%N ; [ 6K ; [ j%6;Z [NG yv/B O ; [ {
hg : = Y B LQ;Un yE{ RRT: G%K6Z :=Sp=%: Z% p GZ ^SY;L%= Z ^ [ = K = O6G YQ=
huh n JJK K; O[G G y?l:G&HGQK&[ J : H l%G{
hi n JK ; [G y?lBY Z > Z&K ^ K =L j lf-y K B K ; K =Y^ K =L j `M^ K =L j Z V G {{
hk n JK ; [G y?lB G&H[ > GQK%N ; [ l%{ RRTa ZbH =Y [ ;> K ; [ ;
iuq
iF
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q
!)
i i
q àà BZ)*à@*<a
?dW E >RK;Ve}M.'e9o V])+7U;}};$'7G+:G'1 Z6hbfbSh&\`^7hi<R:G'M.'_>e; 5 }'e$ 5 7Gp

WiS>T 5EG5 78 5 XH
e W<>7 5 ;178'I1+ E M 5 > E Y%R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 R E zY%R 5 F7G>1 'W)>e%:G
eM' E E +Wie%:GK+%@>MKRMK; 5 JR7U;; 5 e0:Ut+MK); E W3 5 M 5E Ck L7G:G'7^; V$.e'+'p
E b+7US>T 5 ; E 'e E :G78RS E ; 5 5 e E :87GR: 5 7NCe%:G E ;$('e'+'7F3>78S+T 5 L7U 5 5 78 5 ; 5
5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>VI1>7G >p E E 6 E :8 E @'eKK 5 W RWi(U9Wi;^ 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7Z; E Rt+7UMK E8E C
? E8E )'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5 5 78Wi_>+e;be)>e:878;); 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Ve0:8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C 4 EG5
eT 5 +g$ E :8z:8M@U9W<;z]i+7U; 5 + ;. 5 U9LWie; 5z5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7; E RL>78+M' EGE E +W
e>e9 RW7GRW<+e%: 5 M'.e9<%C
?dW E >RK; E T 5 +.:8 E M'RW< E .e'+'M.'_>S E e:8 E ; E #U9LWi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 7U
?A o ;D ?A o7f %
>7876+ ;. 5 7U 5 5 7G 5 ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>C?dW7:8'+RM'7>V E T 5 'eKKM'._N; E E 178KI1+ E
YR& 5 e:87 5 M'W 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$- E S 5E R$:8.M'._N; 5%E e.M'9C
ZhbfbSiS7^`PVt EJ5
H7DX D6M D7? HQ H<6 HXD
? E :8}'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5 ]iR$:G'M.'_>;}78z>787J;.78:8.1 78: 5 78e 5 ;$
CPk*vW 5E V$+e%:8T 5 V 5 W 5 EGE (1IM 5 7`]+MKRM'; 5 C
>;b.e E :G78RS>T 5 Y%R ]>78;VR$:G'M'._Ne; 5 p E 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 N? H7D V 5 ;$p E .e 5 78W<7
TX7S \=a7_ b^=aXa } VL'e;$K+e;

Y%RM]@a178'S+T 5 5%E .:G'1 5 Re+:G'1Pe 5 :UWie9 5 ;`.M'9C fZ5 7B+g >W<M 5 VN^.e E :G78RS>T 5
G & )]0+7U;
E >W)7G E <U9Wie; 5#5 W<]: 5 ; 5 5 Y%R
NC:? HD
'M.9L,;$>+7G E +;$RWi,ReK;;$ 5 W +g NRS>T 5 ;$ E :U.e E :G78RS>T 5 C E8E 'W}V^;$+e%:G7 5
; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 +g$.K; 5 e 5 7 5 7UWi&"I$C VB 5 ;$p E # 5 e%:87 5 M'7 5 :UWie9 5 Y%R#
?A o!f &

'M.9L0;$>1 :G>7aL E 0g$NRS>T 5 ;0'e E :87GRLS+T 5 V$ 5 7G:8e: 5 V:8W3t]+W 5 :8Wie9 5 W<g$.W 5
?A o ; D
Y%R3i.M'9M'>eS>i;$R7Ue%:Gbg$>+RS+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C^1I7GKI1>M RL7U; 5
:8Wie9 5 ;)'M'9b 5 787G>e%:G V t E )g$>+RS+T 5 ;0'e E :G78RS+T 5 V$ V 5 :8Wie9 5
Wig$'W 5 MK+eS+; 5 C f 7UY%R< E :8} 5 7U;+W ReL 5 e<9}M'RW< E 7G E :87GKS E Y%Ri
>78S+T 5 ;$b+ ;. 5 ;$>1 E +R.7NCZ?dM' EÈ >78T 5 +g$M.K+; E e E >S>T 5 "NC /C /C
F n : Z p= KG p; ZU[ n JK ; [G y K : ZbH <m^ 9Zb:H;%Kc<:Zb=?H>L={ D Bu

\ ^ K =L j # Z < N f` Z?H L
_
d Z ay^^ K ==LL j # Z <V NmÀ} ^^ K ==LL j # Z V< G {
e a&n B|n: KZ?HK jY H Z ylbG K K lPK fSj^{Z N
g
h
i n: p= p; n ; y : <m^{
k Z KG ZU[ JK [G K ZbH
Frq n ; y^s{
FuF JK [G
Fr\
Fr_ n: p= p; n ; yE{
F|d Z KG ZU[ JK [G
Fre a&n B|n: Z?HK Y H y{
Frg
Fh
Fri n: p= p; n = Yy : <^{
Frk Z KG ZU[ JK O6G K ZbH
\uq a&n B|n: Y y^{
\F Z?HK H
\u\
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%qq-
!)
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab %qq
+7US+T 5 ;$z+ ;. 5 7U;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$W<]: 5 ; 5E0E >R 5 W< E W 5 E Y%R>W<&;
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$b 5 e E :G78R$: 5 78 E V 5 7` EGEG5iE >78 5 W<.:GK;iY%RXC
12.3.1 Gerao de cdigo para os comandos

f E8E >W 5E V+e%:8T 5 V J >78S+T 5 ;$)$;$' 5 78i 5E 5 Wie; 5E C`;$NMK7US>T 5 ;$b178KI1+ E
M 5 > E eLT 5 +7U3$;$' 5 VWi E 78>+ E W 5%E V% 5 W 5 v +.: 5 e0eM. E E >Wie%:GK+V%+R';7a;$
'eM'R pXMK E ei:Ut+MK;$ E W3 5 M 5E Vt 5 E Y%Re; 5 RW I
5 Wie; 5i _+>7 78 >7 >eK#zM'RWi
;$>M' E
78>+ E 78+W 5E ;@M'RWi E 'e$ 5 78WiS E 7U``+7US+T 5 ;$6+ ;. 5 C EGE .W}V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
6 HDXDQOC o HXDC 7o H7D

Y%R):G7U:Uz;};$NMK7US>T 5 ;)17GKI1> E ] E 'W<.MK7 5 1 E : 5 e 5 > :GRM 5 ""C0^M' 5E .W<'M'7
C
5 e%:GN#L7U 5 :878:8W)>e%: 5 ;$} 5 Wie; 5 5 W< 5E : 5 V
l eKKW 5E 5 W RW 5 Wie; 5 E :Ue%:G E .W<M' E 5 5 WieL; 5 T7db[7SPC = +7US>T 5
]R:G'M.'_>;RWi-U9Wi; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 9: EG5 7G&178'I1+M l
!o73; 5 78Re%:G'W<
%I1IV%Y%R:8W3t]+W E :8);$ E 5 e 1+Mte 5 78Re%:G'W< ++ C[? E :U3](RWi3; E 1Ie%:8+e E +W E
R$:8.M'._N7Z s 5 W 5 M.1 5 ;+7US>T 5 ;$a$;$' 5 C[W<]: 5 ; 5 W
X 5E :G7U; 5 e 5 7 5 78WiJ"N$C
78.W<>.7 5 +7U$;$' 5 Y%R)+W<'M.9c
! 7XVB;$+ 5 E U9W< 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R
55 $v*+: 5
>78 5 + ;. 5 T7db[7SPVt;+.g$e; 5z5 78 E RMH:U; 5 e 5 : 5 5 ;'M'9VyV
78#zg$78 E8E T 5 ; 5
+e%:UT 5 V+7U 5 $;$' 5 78<#U9LWi;<; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 cW*!o 9: XVY%RbWieL;<7U
E ;pr;78T 505E :G78'e#Y%Rb E :8#e 5 : 5 5 ;i'M.9C`= 5 :8beiU9Wi;i;$ N? H7 D 5%E
1M 5 78 E J.eL78+W<+e%: 5 b;$N78+W<+e%: 5 ; 5 :UWie9 5 ;).M'9C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H 9: Z?HK 6; [G y9: 9Z?:H;%K <6:; =?[>G =vD { B
\ %n
_ K GPK
d
g n ; yE{
h JK [G
i nRJRtK LQ;; [YG;L%y?=Ml O6%G6<^ ZbH >^TBn; : Z?HK =Tl%n { Y =
k KG JKtH Z N
Frq n JK ; [G y?l< GQK ^ K = K6Z L =%p=RYQ= H <R%^ KG >RQ; JK =Qp=R Z ;R&9: ZbHK K : G =b> ?ltDQ{
FuF RRtLQ;Y;L%=S: ^ Y = ; = v%n: ^^ ; =Tn Y =
Fr\ ^ ;%: `ta=YG^ J K [ [ G G H Z N
Fr_ K G G
F|d KRRt`SL =b; >[=tG 9G&H: v&n: G 6: ; [=?>G yuB|nv/: B G v%n:y{ : <{
Fre n N; y?l pZbH; K pK :G =Y!Z?lHKf K ZbH
Frg JK [l G =%p=ZbHR ;Qj6R&9G : Z K%J : =b>RUn: y =Qp=RY%= <R : <C{?l {
Fh Z ZbHK K G ZbHK H K ZbH &
Fri
W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R}:G7U:U;RW 5 Wie; 5 d_X^=a:8W0L]>W ]} E :Ue%:G E .W<M' E V6 5 78]+W
5E8E RZM'RW< E 7:8'+RMK78';;$ E YR3W<+78>++W E >7( 5 W<+e%:U; E C 465 W 5 eT 5 ; 5 :8W 5%E
< 5 7U;+W;$b7GWi_++eL7ae 5 e#;<781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+ 5 :G' 5 ;<g$78 E8E T 5 V:G+W 5%E Y%R
U9W<7@e 5 1W)>e%:G 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R^_(0U9>>>W ;:8. 5 Ck=T 5 78b1+78 +7 E g$ E :8
M'RW7 5 M'+WiV 5 E EGEG5 5 $ >H: 5 eJeM. E E +Wie%:GK+VWi E 5 7UY%Ra7GN E W 5EZE L>7
Y%RM 5 :G' 5 ;(+g 7G EGE T 5 L7U+7U7 5 + ;. 5 ;$Ù9W<;; 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 5 7878: 5 7U_+>7
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q
!)
i i
q àà BZ)*à@*<a
M.>H:8R78 5 R);$FRW'e:8+'7 5 V 5 R);$aRW E :87G'eLC^W0 5%EZ5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E +e 5 e%:G7UW)p E 6e +M' EGE
L=y 9 17c{!#FY%R6'W<M'+W<+e%:8 5 7GRe%:8.W<
X ++
m >S+T 5 "I$C % C[U9LWi; Y%RM'Y%R>7
RW;$+M' E ;$>Hg)RWe 5 1 5 1M 5 7è)'M.9LVY%R] 5 1M 5 7aM.K; 5 e<>e:878;pr;$78T 5 C
78Wi_>+eW)>e%: 5 ; 5 1M 5 7)eT 5 5 ; E +7<+7U; 5 e E :GW)]+: 5 ; 5 C f 7U:UMXV E >7GK

eN E8E 78 5<E L>7^Y%RM 5 :8. 5 ;$b7GWi_++eLW<+e%: 5 Y%Rb;$>1 E +7` >H: 5 E b<RWi<178'I1+M
M 5 >MXV[RWi178'I1+Md;$#'e E :8eK 5 RRW >M.>W<+e%: 5 ;#RW 7878IC f 7U} EGEG5 V E >7GK
? D
eN E8E 78 5 eLM' E 7 E RL781 5 78Hg 5 ;$ E :8beLC`?dW1>_b;$ E8EG5 Vt]bWi7U+;ii178'I1+M
V'e;$K+e; 5 p E 3 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 Y%R3:G7U:8; 5 eHg 5 VtY%R3 E :Ui]3RWi 5 L>78S+T 5 ;$
:87G'RKS+T 5 C( E W<]: 5 ; 5%E Y%R3:G7U:UW ; 5E :G7 I E :G' 5%E ;3e E Y%R3 5 ;$+W 78>++7 5 W 5
M'9 5E ; 5 e# 5 7878+e%:GJ;$+1+W}V$+e%:UT 5 V$1+78 +7F E8E t<J+7U7`+ ;. 5 P ;J 5 78; 5 C
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H G = [ 6; [G y G 9= :[ ;%6<; :[=bG >=mv{ D BED?s
\ %n ` YY
_ K GPK HJ
d
e Z a
:
yuvS`Q` HJ YY{o: GQK%J : H
g K
h RR KG > I%JG p G : Z a Z L%=Q:c; K6Z n; [ = G v%n: G ^^ ;
i
k K `P%n G N6G L j v%n: G ; [G yuvCB G v%n:{
Frq L&= L yrv6L n ; {o
FuF K N G K6Z HmG
Fr\
Fr_ Z ay nK B K A; ``MyUl p%; 9Q^ { = RL
RAY%L N= =b><=t: : GR&= [ HK > R&: :G ^ =J Y K = [ ; yE{%6H =Tltn ZDQY{N =
F|d JK [G ZbH j6G K K6Z H K JHK6Z G G [ HK
Fre G Y^ G n RQRS; YQMy^l K : pZbH; <c^L N ==b>=tL!: G l= [f K : ZbH <C: G ^ J Y K = [ ; H =Tn Z Y N =
Frg JK [G lbZbY%H= <j6G: KR& K6Z > R&: = : <yE{? =p=RYQ= <R : </?lSDQ{
Fh H K JHK6Z G G [ K ZbH H K ZbH
Fri ^ ;%: ` : RR L%= A;Un :!= ; =Q:U>=QV G&H =%< G >
Frk K; [G G GUH v%K nJ6: GG 6; [G yuv/ZbHB G[v&Z n:{I% JG G [G
\uq
\F
2HD HD
fZ5 7g$>W)M 5 VB1vW 5E e 5 7 5 78W<&"NC.""0 5 W 5 ReL 5 e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%R):G7U:U};$
RW V1% E : 5 Y%Rz+M'z7GN E >MKRMK7 5 1M 5 7);+g$7G EGE T 5 Y%Rz.eL;$'>&Y%RM
? D
] 5 7G7UI E >7#R$:8.M'._N; 5 ;,g$78 E8E T 5 e;'+C\= 5 :GY%R&e:8 E ;&+M'+RM'7i E8E E
g$78 E8EG E V<17GKI1>M 7GN+t 5 1M 5 7`M E V 5 E .g 5 ; E :GeLV 5 7^g$>W)M 5 V
e 5 +M'+RM 5 ; 5} eL;$'+VB 5 t+7US>T 5 ;$ E v;zeT 5 ]<;$<78W<_+>e+W}C m ):G'1+78W 5E RWi
g$78 E8E T 5 5 W 5
d_X^&aêgKb=
^
? D
+e%:UT 5 U9Wi;z E8E )W<]+: 5 ; 5 7Uz7G'W<+'78'e;$gS+T 5 >W 78+MKS>T 5 5 7878I
;$>1)7GN+t+7z178'I1+M 5 W 5 1M 5 7(1+7U;;$+'7 5 Cbz78z'e;$+g$S+T 5 ;$lgyV 5
E +R1IM 5 7^;$+1 E >7aM E5 V% 5 EÊ ;$ E *v<t+eL E R E 7 5 1M 5 7`;$ gKb<(eLT 5 7GN;$ eHprM 5 C
^M']+W ;$ EGEG5 V E Z 5 7BRWi 5 t+7US>T 5 ;$@7GWi_>+e>WV+9 5 .eL 5 e 1+e'+e%:Gk;$6YR 5 1IM 5 7

E +77GWi_>+e; 5 v< 5 [ 5 M 5 +; 5 e 5 : 5 5 ;i'M.9LiVL 5 7^ E8EG5 V+7Up E <'e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q
!)"
i i
Ou
ce9PV%Y%R`'e 1+7G:G 5%E ; 5 E 1M 5 7G E e 5 : 5 5 Cke:8 E ;^>787Z E 'e E :87GRLS E 78J78>+Rt+7U7
5 R#7GWi_++eL7 5 1M 5 7@e 5 7G7UIV;$+1+W 5E :G+76eb.M'9b37G+ +7 +e+' 5 I 7878IV 5b e;$K(; 5
+M'+W<>e: 5 ;$ E *v; 5 NH
VL 5 7 M.:G'W 5 V 5 1IM 5 7^ E +77GWi_>+e; 5 E 5 7^ E :8 5 + E5 CF= 5 :8
Y%R 5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E YRz+7UW $;$' 5 7U& E +g$7G EGEG E 5 e%:8.e RW 78: 5 7GeL7 5 :G' 5
;)g$78 E8E T 5 V 5 E E8E 0'e$ 5 7GWiS>T 5 5 ;$ E +7`R:G'M.'_>;)e 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%RJ_b)U9LWi;V
5 W 5 5 e:8>+ e 5 7 5 78Wi#"NC.""C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H H[G vQ6; [G y 9H:[;%G <vQ:6=b; >[=mG D v { BEDQD

\ :QYQ=^Q^cL
_ HK
d K %;n;GPY =K D K `S ^ ;%:
eO G HAO K G
g
i RRtL%=YL YQ=Pn: > :;ta Y ;3;T=Q::=%
k J Z GZ Z N
Frq ^ KD;%:`SG `t; a=Y^ G v% n: ; yuvCB v%n:DQ{
FuF K [G G&H G [G G
Fr\ RRt^ a;&:Pn6=Q:=t=Q:U>=QV =Q:C :;L%= ;bn;
Fr_ G G&H K K
F|d Z a-y O n{ ; ylUÛ=&nl%{
Fre JK [G
Frg RRn <=c L
Fh G H[6Z G
Fri K `S; [G G&H v%n: G ; [G yuvCB G v%n: {
Frk
\uq Z a-y O {TRQRP: G =Y Z V=A=S;bn G :!= ;=Q:U>=QV G&H =%:c; J L%=Q:Q: G <=Q: H =Tn Z Y N =
\F n JK ; [G ylUÛ=&nl%{ RR K :;L%=M; K ;Un;
\u\
\u_ Z ay nK DB KS; ``My?l U=^ %;%:9l @K{D B [6Z >``cDQ{TRRt=%::=Q [GMZbHKGZ :;^
\d JK [G Z K G
\ue G Y^ G n ; y?l?=Q=^ ;%: l @{
\ug JK [G K G
\h Y^
\ui G G
\uk
_uq Z ay nK DB KS; ``My?l U=Y;Q%= 9l DQ{K DB [6Z >``cDQ{TRRt=%::=Q [GMZbHKGZ :;^
_F JK [G Z [
_u\ G Y^ G n ; y?l?=Q=Y;Q= l DQ{
_u_ JK [G [
_d ^ ;%: `
_ue : K :G O %n y DB C DB > DQ{
_ug G%K%J HSHG K G K K K [Z
_h
5 M.:8e; 5 5E 5 Wie; 5E V1*vW 5%E@5 ;$:87G'RKS+T 5 C[?dWM'Re E E LN : 5%E EGE +W<>M.9p
E J 5 d_X^=atVe 5iE +e%:GK; 5 ;$Y%RJ.e E :G78RS E 7U 5 78Wi_>+eW)>e%: 5 ;(RW1M 5 7`;$+1+7UT 5
E +7J>78; E +W M.RW 5 e%: 5 C)s E ;$. +78i;$ ld7_X^=a+W 78+MKS>T 5 J M'+.:GR7U;$<RW 1M 5 7NV
5 E@EG5 W<+e%:G.e%:G>.7 5E@5 R E :G78.e E@E +7UT 5 >H: 5E C= 5 + E5 ;3:G78'RKS+T 5 V 5 $v*: 5E 7878I E
:8W3t]+W 5 ;+W E +7R:G'M.'_>; 5E C fZ5 7 EGEG5 Vte 5 7 5 7UWi}"NC."I$VeL#M'.e9L">VL]0>78;i
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA s XQ
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
'e E :87GRLS+T 5 Y%R^ 5 e 1+7G:G 5 :G' 5 ; 5 1M 5 7Z E +7d:G78.R ; 5 V E +WY%R 5 7 5 78W<; 5 7 5 :G+e9
+.: 5 g$M''+H:UW<+e%:GC}O 5%EGEG 1+MXV 5 78]+W}VZY%R 5 >78S>T 5 eT 5E v1M'';C=^ E8E #+ EG5
e>e9 RWi):G.:GR;b](: 5 Wi;)RW>7G7 5 g+>S+T 5 5 5 7878 e 5 7 5 7UWiV%e<g$NRS>T 5 ;
'e E :87GRLS+T 5 $&& XC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H K : ZbO 6; [G yu 9K :: ;%Zb<O :6=b; >[=mG D v { BED
\ %n Do` YY
_ K GPK HQJ K
d
g RRn <= n; = v%n: ^^ ;S~ ^ : = =P= : ;
h G KZ [ G G G I%J6G [ [ K ZbOQJZ
i K :QMDo`tQ%n L v&n: 6; yuv/B v%n:D%{
k K G NG j G [G G
Frq L%= L yv6L n ; {T
FuF K N G KZ H
G
Fr\ RRtL%=YL YQ= v%n: ^^ ;S~ : =
Fr_ ^ ;%: `tJ a=YG^ G [6Z GZ&K
F|d K G G
Fre K `S; [G G&H v%n: G ; [G yuvCB G v%n: {
Frg RRXa=QVcL%; :" ;
Fh -
a y
D B G u` [GtB K6Z n6;^ ^Q YQ=^Q^y DB C B {{
Fri Z nK K; ylUKL KL L%=^ Z lJQf O DB ^QL K%=QpK=yE{K{ K
Frk JK [G N6G j K K [
\uq RRT=Q:U>=%V =S: ^ Y = ;
\F ^ ;%: ` G&H: G J K [
\u\ K; G v%K nJ6: G 6; yv/B v%n:DQ{
\u_ [G G&H G [G G
\d
Q 5 Wie; 5 i=T_&dJ;$+1 E +7:G7U;$R_>'; 5 e RWi U9LWi; ;$FW)]+: 5 ; 5 C f 7U^ EGEG5 VI'eKKM.p
I
W<+e%:G ]>W).M'9;378 >7 >eKb 535 $v*+: 5 Y%R ] 5 M.1 5 ;0U9Wi;CO2178'I1+MM 5 +M
_+>7 5 V 5 R E *vV 0178'I1+M$ $ UCd + 5 E ]J+7U; 5b5 +$;$. 5 780+;bRWi); E +g 7G EGEG E
Y%R E >78T 5z5%E 78RW<>e: 5E ;}U9W<; M'.e9L">}; 5}f 7 5 7UWi-"NC."N/ C)?dW E >RK;]
U9W<;7U 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 b[bS ; E Rt+7UMK E8E i;+M' EGE
5 7G78+e%:8C 178'I1+M A 6OC c? 5 e%:8]+W ; E 78'S>T 5 Vte# 5 78W<z;$)RW E :87G'eLVP; 5E :G' 5%E
>78;}.e E :G78RS>T 5 5 W
; 5%E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E R:G'M.'_>; 5E C[2178KI1+M D> :D;:?A o # 5 e%:G]>W 5 eXH W<>7 5 ;$`78RW)>e%: 5E C
m 5 W<e; 5 p E b# E :8 E 5#5 $v*+: 5 % $ VP:8+W)p E 5 e=H W)>7 5 ;$3>M.>W)>e%: 5E Y%R E +7UT 5 78:8.7U; 5E
;}'M'9e+g$>RLS+T 5 ;.e E :G78RS>T 5 5 e E ';+7Ue; 5 p E (v 5 : 5 ;$Y%R 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 eLT 5
78: 5 7GeL3e>e9 RW1M 5 7UC
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H J n G :Q6; [G y 9J :n ;%G <:Q:6=b; >[=mG D v { BED?@
\ %n
_ K GPK
d K : Z?H <
^ J n
e
g Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : H
h
i RRnc=&n; HK =Tn6=%:=S= G&HK := [ = [ =A^ J n G :6LQYQ=^^ GA[ =MLQY%=^^ G %L ;%:: &G HKG
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GA D XQ @
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab "
k HK :Y%=^^Xnc`P J : K = O Y G BY G p G Y J n B|n6=Q: G&HK

Frq ^ J nc`Xn BLQ;?>nY GQKG =?> G yE{
FuF
Fr\ n JK ; [G yE{
Fr_ n JK ; [G y?l O6G < ZbH ^M^ J n G :l%{
F|d n JK ; [G y?l?=Y;%= [ QslTDQ{
Fre
Frg RRtLQ;Y;L%=M;ôn6=%:b> GQK :;^ H =Tn Z Y N =
Fh ^ K ;%: G `ta=Y^ G
Fri
Frk K :`S<A; [=%G : <G&HY v&^ n: G`- Z y ^ K B 6;M[G`` yuv/Bu=%:Y<6Y6^q{ {c llz B ^L&=Qp=yE{
\uq K ZbH Z K K K HQJ K [
\F ZbHK : G >;&p G K =L j `y K B K A`` HQJ YY6{ TsPyQy HK :QQ G L{ K B K {BL%; HK
\u\ n JK ; [G y?l ZbH p; j6G ^bn G L Z =Y!lf
\u_ ^ J nMfl?R ZbHZUK} y?lofS=%:<Y Z ^ K fl%{?l yu: G >;%p G K =L j fDQ{{
\d
\ue
= 5 7 5 78Wi&"I$C'"+V1+W 5%EJ5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Y%Ri+7U+$;$. 5 7URW 5 Wie; 5 5 7>Cz
M'K+0R$:8.M'._N;)78) EGE ( 5 WieL; 5 ;$+1 E +7^ E +R.e%:8

+7U7`$;$' 5 78 5 5 W<e; 5 ;$'e'+'M.'_>S+T 5 m
M.'e9}"I
7\dh=\X\T N UUV 5 e; ]RWeX

H W<>7 5iE >Y=k+eLKMy;$+1 5 M.p
:D! ABXD:C
5 M 5 +7ae 5 + ;. 505 78:GRM 5
M.'e9}"Iom
N
1 K; 5 t+M 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5
_+>7(+7US>T 5 78#g$78 E8E T 5 ;$) 5 e:87 5 M.CJ + ;. 5 >78; 5 ;$>Hg#RW1IM 5 7

'e%:G>.7 5 e 5 : 5 5 ;)'M.9L M'.e9Lz"N m
+7U7+$;$. 5 Y%R:G E :8 E 5 1M 5 7zYR 5 Re,.M'9,]-_++7 5 V E 5 7>V^;$ E 1 '
&g$>+RS+T 5 78 5& eMF; 5
7G:GRM 5 d\= N VZ 5 E05 1M 5 3
7 _>+7 5 'e;$K+&Y%R
+g$7G EGE T 5 ](M E }M.'e9#"N m
+7U7($;$' 5 L7U 5 5 WieL; 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 5 7(Vy+W E +RK;Vt7U 5 5 W<e; 5 ;$
'e+7G>W)>e%: 5 m
M'.e9#
+7U70RWi'e E :87GRLS+T 5 &)7U 5 'e 5 ; 5 M'S 5 ; 5 5 7>V 5 R E vVk78 5 7G:GRM 5

7\&dh=\=\T M.'e9# m
N
+7U7 5 7G:GRM 5 d\& U Y%RJ] 5)
@ eMB; 5 } M'.e9i/"I C

N
F n JO Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H ;%:%6; [G y;%:Q96:; ;%[<G :=bv>{ =mD BED
\ : <cYQ= ` = Yy{
_ K Z?H O H6G O6G
d K : Z?H <c;Y [%O : G = j Y%= O6G YA` O : G = j Y%= O6G YRRt^%=Y%p=MYQ= O6G Y [ ; O : G = j
e
g
i n ; yE{
k JK [G
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
Frq n JK ; [G y?l O6G < ZbH ^ta;%:lfSYQ= O {

FuF RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:= L =Y V=! ;
Fr\ ; [G G G&H K = K[6GZ > G&HK ; [G Z?yuvCHZB ZbHZ Z&K {Z
Fr_ RRX< :=MY%= YXn=Q:=AYQ7= Q; ;AL%;?>= ;
F|d n JK G= O6G Yy?lO6a;&G :Y;;UnlPftYQ= O [ fll%{H [
Fre RRX< G :=cL%x [6Z <;on6=Q:=ML%; H[6Z ; Gt[GZ v=t: G ^ J Y K = [ ; H =Tn Z Y N =
Frg ^ ;%: `Pa=Y^
Fh K; [G G G&H v%n: G 6;G [G yv/B G v%n:{
Fri
Frk RR ^ =M;T: ^ Y = ;
\uq n JK KG; [KG y?l Z a G%IG J:;%Kal[ ftYQ= O DQ{
\F
\u\ OR:RXG <= j :YQ==cO6GL%YSx `<;ol:n6;%a=Q:l=Aft;SYQ=LQO;%:% n; RQR ;PH a;%p;%:;SYQ= O6G YTn6=Q:= O : G = j (a Z > [ ;Ta;%:
\u_ ; [G G G&H K = K[6GZ > G&HK ; [G yuvCB^ K = K {[
\d RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:= L&: > ;
\ue ; [G G G&H K = K[6GZ > G&HK ; [G Z?yuvCH B ZbH G L&:G&H{K
\ug
\h RRX< :=S: ;%: ;t=;SYQ7= Q;
\ui n JK G; [G y?l<GQK; K ;AH a;%:Y;;bnlofSYQ= O {
\uk RRX< :=MY%= Y ;Ta > ;ALQ;?>= ;
_uq n JK G= O6G Yy O O6: GG = j YQ[ = OG YcZ fm[ ll%{ H[
_F
_u\
_u_ O : G = j YQ= O6G YSÀ;Y [%O : G = j YQ= O6G YRRP: G ^ K = J :=SYQ= O6G Y [ ; O : G = j
_d
^W 5 e: 5 E }e 5 :U7<]&R$:8.M''_>S>T 5 ;178'I1+M B D&A ABXD:C 7878Wi_+>e7 5
78:GRM 5 Y%R&7G>7G E >e%:8 5, eLMJ; 5 5 Wie; 5 C\? E8E 78:8RM 5 ]&R$:8.M''_>; 5 e,+7US+T 5 ; 5
5 Wie; 5
Vy 5 W 5 W 5%E :878 5 7 5 7UWi"NC."Io$C`+;# 5 Wie; 5 #e.e9L;
5 EGE
78:GRM 5 ;+1 E >7 v*R E :U; 5 78 5i eM[; 5 5 Wie; 5 V: 5 W<e; 5 p E 5 +R';; 5 VL 5 78]+W}VP;$
E M'1I7 E >R1M 5 7e:8+78 5 7>V;bW 5 ; 5 Y%R3 5< eM[;<>78S+T 5 ;$0$;$' 5 78 5 5 7^Wi E
'e:8+78e 5 V 5 1M 5 7`; 5 78:8RM 5 ; 5 5 WieL; 5 +g :G+78e 5iE *v)7GNRt+7U; 5 C
F n J O Y Z LPp; Z&[ ; [G G&H : G = j 6; [G y9: :G ;%= <j :6=b; >[=mG D v { BED
\
d n ; yE{
e n JK ; [G y?l < ^ : = l%{
g RJRXK < [:G= O6^&Gp Zb;oH n6=QO:=AG ;tj YQ= Y ; : =
h G [G Z O6G [ O G j
i n JK ; [G y?l<; K ;lf O : G = j YQ= OG Y6{
k
=T 5 7G E >e%:878+W 5%E^5E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R<+7UW+ ;. 5 78 5E 5 W<e; 5%E
7 -}
5 7 E +78+W E >W)>M.9Le%:G E JW<]: 5 ; 5%E v7G E >e:U; 5%E 7U 5 R$:87 5%E 5 W<e; 5%E C?,e+W 7U
5 5 Wie; 5 1_> 5 V 5 7 E >7`:G78'1%KMXCd= E >S>T 5 "NC /C E +7UT 5 78 E +e%:8; 5EF5%E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E Y%R
>78W$;$' 5 78) E +g 7G EGEG E +W C
X ++
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

/
!)o
i i
Ou
12.3.2 Gerao de cdigo para as expresses

^W ; 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R#:G7U:8W;}+7US>T 5 ;$+$;$. 5 7U}g$78 E8EG E 5 61 E : 5 eL E +p
S+T 5 "NC /C."CO 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%Ra:G7U:Ub;$^RW<bg$78 E8E T 5 ;$.e;gS>T 5 ;$^RW 7G7UIC 465 e%:G.p
e R+W 5%E 1+e; 5 0>78S+T 5 ;$(+$;$. 5 L7U3 E +g 7G EGEG E W< E E K+ E V 5 R E *vV 178KI1+ E
# 5 e E :8e%:8 E Cz +7US+T 5 L7U 5 e E :Ue%:G<'e:8+'78 5 R E :87G'e]# E K+W<+e%:GiW< E Wi}
5 e E E :G)+W 5 M 5 +7(ez'M.9 5 1M 5 7J;} 5 e E :Ue%:GC l E : 5 ]0W 5%E :878; 5 e 5E W<]: 5 ; 5%E ; 5
7 5 78W<"NC."NC m 5 W<+e%:8(RW<<'e E :G78RS+T 5 V$; 5 :G' 5 L +VL+R';); E :8 5 t+7US>T 5 C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H HK ; H ^ K 6; [9G :y;% <H:K =b>; =mH ^ DK 6;BED?[ G v{
\
_ Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
d RRtL%=Q:: <=A=MLQ; ^ = =Xn Y =
e n ; G y?lbY LlHfPKv/B|n6HK;GP^ H ; Z B >N =Q< XDQ{
g : JK : [G [ %n yU% 9Z&CK6Z Hs6{Z G
h G%K%J HSHG K G
i
k
Frq n JO Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H K : ZbH <; H ^ K 6; [G y K : ZbH <; H ^ K 6; [G v{
FuF
Fr\ Z a-yuvA`` HJ YY6{: GQK%J : HAHJ YY
Fr_ RRtL%=Q:: <=A=MLQ; ^ = =Xn Y =
F|d n ; G y?lbY LlHfPKv/B|n6HK;GP^ H ; Z B >N =Q< XDQ{
Fre : JK : [G [ %n y%Q6UZ&K6%Z H9/Z 3s{G
Frg G%K%J HSHG K G
Fh
f 7U00178'I1+M]JeN EGE 78 5 +e 5 e%:G7U7Fe3:8t+MK<;$ E W3 5 M 5E 0+e%:G7U;0 5 7G78 E 5 e$p
C o AC o :?
;$>e:8 1+78 +7 E E :8 E ^:878:8b;RWib17GKI1>MM 5 >M 5 R#;$JMK E8E C 4 E53E *v3178'I1+M
M 5 >MXV$ M'.e9L3"N/; 5 f 7 5 7UWi"I$C'"Iqy.e;'>;L>M 5 1M 5 7; Wi 5 7Y%RF_++7 5
ez+e%:G7U;z;z178'I1+M[ez:8L>M';$ E W3 5 M 5E Vy>78p E 3'e E :87GRLS+T 5 Y%R E 'W<M. E W<>e:8
t+ 5 1M 5 7^;<1I7GKI1>MPav 5 pr0e<'M'9 e 5 > EG5 ;$beT 5<E +7`RW<i:G78.R'S>T 5 5 R;
? D
'M.9L<7U<017GKI1>MZ{+ E5iE *v<RWii:87G'RKS+T 5 Cd`YRy:8W3t]+W]R:G'M.'_>;i<178'I1+M
Y%R'e;$K+i 5 +7U; 5 7F;$b+$;$. 5 + EG5iE ;$>1<+7U7`+ ;. 5 L7U)7GWi_++eL7 5 R
c? D
78>RL>787FRW1M 5 7NC@= 5 .e 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V_p E J< E 5 M'9<;$bY%RM.e E :G78RS>T 5 R$:G'M'._N7NV
5 W E (e 5 1M 5 7`;)178'I1+M C^'e;V]J78> EG5 ;$NK;$'7>V$78 5 + EG5 ; E 178'p
1> E M 5 + E V E 5 1M 5 7^ E +7`Wie.RM'; 5 ]RW.e%:G>.7 5<5 R}RW E :87G'e 5 R}787UI :G7U:U; 5%E
5 W 55 v*: 5%E eLz s&CB E8E 'W}VB 5 W<7US>T 5 eLM'.e9&"> E +781bL7U;$NK;$.7Gp E E 5
78 g 5 ;<'e E :87GRLS+T 5<E +7U3RW*H(L7U0'e%:G>.7 5EF5 RRW(78 E :87G'e Ea5 R}7878I E C
= 5 > EG5 ;1I7GKI1> E ;$b+M' EGE V;$>1+p E JR$:G'M.'_>7^'e E :87GRLS E E t> H > E 78078>RL+p
7US+T 5 ;$ E >R E 1M 5 7G E C 465 W 5E b:G7U:U;$0RWe 5 W));$)1I7GKI1>M E .W<M' E W<+e%:GVt E :U E
78 +78'e; 5 )RWi017GKI1>MP; 5)5 $v*: 5 %$ 5 RBV$Wi E 7GN E p
5 7878+e%:GV 5 R E vV; 5i5 $v*: 5
W<+e%:GV 55 v*: 5 +Rv7G+ +7I+e+'z E :8ze178'I1+M[M 5 +Mk_+>7 5 C fZ5 7J EGEG5 VBeLzM''e9o]
E +R';V 5 $;$' 5 ;$&

L 5 R97
L
5 1M 5 7`;$ ? D Ck 7878'0'e E :87GRLS+T 5 'e;$K+iY%RM 5 e 5 W<;<178'I1+M
>78; 5 +$;$. 5 Y%R<>W).M'9 E8E )1M 5 7JV+W
;$b 5 7U; 5 5 W
<_++77G:Gb; 5 t+7US+T 5 CF^Wi 5 E >7G1S>T 5 E +7` >H:Ui]3Y%Rbe 5 + E5 ;$ 5 t+7US+T 5 ;$
? Vt]3+7U;<RW<.e
78Wi_>+e+W}V 5 1M 5 7` E +7^ 5 M 5 >; 5 e<178KI1+MP E :Uv<e 5 : 5 5 ;<'M'9<V 5 7 E8E5 V
t E #'e E :G78RS+T 5 Y%R0>W<.M'9 5 1M 5 7(;$ E :87GRS>T 5 ce9Y%R0.ep
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

,
!)
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
1>7:8 5E ; 5 E 1IM 5 7G E e 5 : 5 5 ;'M.9V$;$+.ge; 5 p 5%E e 5E KS+T 5 5 7878:8JL7Ub78Ig$.Wi
'e E :87GRLS+T 5 V 5 9:7 C
F n J O Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H =Q:%6; [G yr=Q:Q96:; ;%[<G :=bv>{ =mD BED%'

\ :QQ=Q:tn
_ HK
d K :: Z?H <
<
^T^ `MÀ^ K^ ;%:;%:G c
lU^lnK ;&: aG lY l!l?Y;Q= [ l<l a Y l
e K Z?H K G JK Z%G [ G%K Z%G [
g
i RRn:;L :=Sp=Q: p Y = = YQ=
k J Z% G H K O6G
Frq nA`S J : K = O Y G Brp=Q: Z?H[ yuv/Bn;^ Z&KZ ; H B Z >=Q< G {
FuF
Fr\ Z a-yrn RBYQRt;L%T=pY=QL%;: JHK
p YA} `SYs6;L%{ =Y
Fr_ Z& G
F|d Z ay|nn B K %n; G `y?`Ml UlofA%^T9fm ltTlnfTB n[Z Bu>Y;`L%=`tYs6LQ;{TRR G ^Q^ LQ;;%:Y N6GA Z Y;QD= [ D%;{J =Y;%= [
Fre JK [G Z JHK K G
Frg G Y^ G n ; y?l?=lofA^TfmltlfTn BuY;L%=YLQ; ^ ;%: DD%{
Fh JK [G JHK K G
Fri Y^
Frk G G
\uq RRRPRXnp=Q:<=SZ% p=SG YLQYQ[==M^^ L%YQ== ^^ G YQ=Tn : L
\F HK :G YQ=^^PpA` G n B >I%J6K =GtO YG G BuY G pG G YKJ G&nH G
\u\
\u_ RR >n Y =l ^l
\d n JK G ; [GZ yN l?=Y;Q=K%[NQZ slXDQ{
\ue RRA^ G a;%:Tn6=Q:=S=%:U>=QV GUH =Q:C K :;L%= K ;Un6; [ =Tn Z Y N =
\ug
\h Z an y^ K ;%:; G { y?lUÛ=&nl%{
\ui JK [G
\uk n JK ; [G y^ fltlfPp/BL%;?>nY G%KG =b> G yE{tfmlbRlfXn B H =b> G fmltlf
_uq n B [ ^L %=Qp=y{^ K ;%: G & s{
_F
_u\
_u_ : : %n yrn B %n n B >{
_d G%K%J HSHG K G K G [Z
_ue
f E8E >W 5%EKJ 78'S+T 5 ;$JRW 5 $v*+: 5 VR$:G'M.'_>e; 5 5 t+7US>T 5 [_YyC@ W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%RJ+7U
$;$' 5 L7U EGE a:G' 5 ;$ê3]`W 5%E :878; 5 e 5 7 5 78Wi3"I$C'">C[78.W<>.7U 5 t+7US>T 5 E >7
+:GR;J 5 7@ EGE `W<]: 5 ; 5 ]`+e 5 e%:G7U7keLJ:8L>M';$ E W3 5 M 5E J>e%:G7U; 5 787G E 5 e;+e%:G
J MK E8E };,YRLM E ;$ E *v+7GK7 5,5 $v*: 5 C + 5 E ;$ E8E VF]+W<.:GK;'e E :87GRLS+T 5 :|c
5 W 5 e 5 W<) 5 W<M': 5 ;}+M' EGE C?dW E >RK;z]0+7U;z'e E :G78RS+T 5 9PVY%Ri 5 'z
I
78 +7 +eLKz 5z5 $v*: 5 +7GK;t+MK.e E :G78RS>T 5 e%:G>7G 5 7NC0 + 5 E ]i>78; 5 +$;$. 5 L7U 5%E
78RW)>e%: 5E ; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7V eM.W<+e%:8VBU9LWi; 5 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7 Y%R< 5 W3'e) 5 W
5E :8. 5E ; 5%E 78RW<+e%: 5E R$:G'M.'_>; 5E C0= 5 eMXV 5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5 _i 5 W Y%R 5z5 $v*: 5
78K; 5 .e'+'M.'_>; 5 t+MKiU9W<;) 5 5 e E :87GR$: 5 7` E :8*v)e 5 : 5 5 ; 5 'M'9C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!)%q
i i
Ou
F n J O Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H G OQG L K 6; 9[:G ;%y< :G =b6> =mOQDG L KBED?6 ; [G v{
\ %n
_ K GPK
d HK :Q:QGQYQK%=N^Q;^c[ Ln
e HK
g
i RRn:;L :=A=MLQY%=^^ = =YS^ ^ =ML&: =Q: >m; ;
k J Gt[ I%J Gt[G G Z J OQGQK
Frq LX`y HK :YQ=^^{T J : K = O Y G BLQYQ=^Q^& ZbH[ nyuv/B H =b> G B Z >=Q< G {
FuF RRtL&: =M;P; ;
Fr\ n ; Z y?l OQG%lK f-yy :YQ=^^{AL{BLQ;?>nY =?> yE{XDQ{
Fr_ RJR K n[GY L%H6=PG n6=Q:=ML =b>H=Q:
K LQ; ^ : ;&: GQKG G
F|d n [%J; Z y?l nloDQ{N H K JK
Fre JK [G [%J
Frg RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:=A;^P=Q:< > ;^ ;ALQ; ^ : ;%:
Fh G [6Z J G&HK [ H K JK
Fri K `S; [G G&H v&n: G Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/Bu=%:<6^{
Frk
\uq K : ZbH: <A>=%;&:p <Y Z =^ KL `-`y K y B K B MA```` HQJ YY6YY6q{ {cTlsClzt yK yr B [ ^:L %&=Qp=L{ yE{ B {BLQ;
\F ZbHK G G K j K K HQJ HK G K K HK
\u\ RRX< :=cL =b>= = ;ALQ; ^ : ;%:
\u_ n G; y?l N p; [ ^bn[ L =HY!K lJfMK LBLQ;?>n6Y =b> yE{Pf
\d JK [G ZblbHR j6G G y?loZ ft=Q:<Y ^ fl%{GQlK G yu: G >;%p =L fDQ{{
\ue ZbHZ&K} Z K G G K j
\ug RRP; ;ML&: = ; ^ =Xn Y =
\h OQG%K Z [ G KPH Z N
\ui K: ` H6: G K %n G yL s{
\uk G%K%J HMK
_uq
k*vW 5%E V 5 78V>RW; 5E :8. 5E ;$ag$78 E8E T 5 'e7GK;$ VYR6]` g$78 E8E T 5 7G>M'p
5 eLMXC 465 W 5 1%'W 5E e 5 > :GRM 5 ""V+MKb 5 ; E +763 5 W<78S+T 5
X ++ +e%:G78^'e:8+'7 5%Ed5 Ri+e%:G78
HM.:G'W 5 + E53EG5 W<>e:8 b 5 W<78S+T 5 ;'RM';;$
5 R,;$ E 'RLMK;;$} 5 L>78; 5 78 E X 5 R $
E :G78.e E V 5 v*: 5%Ed5 R7878I E VWi E e E :G
]#++.:8C l eKKM'W)>e%:Gi]i>78; 5 $;$' 5 7U
E ;$R E0E RL+g 7G EGEG E V;$#W 5 ; 5 Y%R 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 ;7G'W<+'78 J E YR+7U; Y%Re
t+eXHM.:G'W<z 5E 'S>T 5 ;'M'9 5 7G E RM.:8; 5 ; E Rtg$78 E8E T 5,J ;.78+.:8z; 5z5 L>78; 5 7NVte 5
: 5 5 C)c^ E :8Vy 5 7G:8e%: 5 Vy+7U7J$;$' 5 7UYR)} 5 W<7US>T 5E *vz +.:8 5 7G E RM.:8; 5
cD:CD o ?&/Q?Q o ?

E *v 5 1M 5 7d_+>7 5 e 5 : 5 5 ;'M.9V E b 5 W<78S+T 5 ]^M E V 5 R"V%> EG5bE v1>78;;$+'7UC
4 EG5b5%Ed5 t+7UeL; 5E6E vW .e%:G>.7 5E V 5 W bU9LWi;3 e3M.'e9"Iq
"!195 "
!N9&
; 5 7 5 78Wi"NC."NVB>MKRMKp E iY%RMd}.e E :G78RS>T 5 ;(s ;$NYRL;78 5 W)L7Up
S+T 5 ;$ E v;C fZ5 70+g >W<M 5 V` `L7U 5 R )L7U C 4 EG5&E v
"
!N9 "
!19
5 W<78S+T 5 >e:87G E :87G'e E V 5 $v*+: 5%E^5 R-7878I E VRWiz; E ;R E .e E :87GRS E ]3 E 5 M.9';
5 R- +C
? E8E E 'e E :G78RS E +:GRW 3 5 W<7US>T 5 ;$ E *v;b>e%:G78 5E ; 5 E65 t+7U; 5 7G E e 5 : 5 5
;'M.9L-}+g NR$:UW RW;$ E 1 5 > EG5 :UM^ 5 W<7US>T 5 78 E RM.:G}1>78;;$+'7UC EGE 'WVF
'e E :87GRLS+T 5 E +7b+7U;M 5 5 L E 5 W<7US>T 5 ]RW + 9X$2iY%R# 5 M 5 > 5 1IM 5 7b
'e;$K+e; 5 7G E RMH:U; 5 M E5 Be 5 : 5 5 ; 'M.9C?VM 5 5 ;+ 5 E VRW;$ E 1 5 7U^RW\ 5 e: 5
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!)
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
5 eL;$`Jg$78 E8E T 5 v( 5 : 5 ; 5 +M'+RM';C fZ5E :G+78 5 78W)>e%:GF]`+7U; 5 5 $;$' 5 78JY%Re; 5
)g$78 E8E T 5 ]1+7U;;$>.7UV Y%R+W<'M'9 5 1M 5 7"(7 5 e: 5 C
dW 5E : 5 Wi7` 5 W 5 +g$+W<M 5 ^ gyC6 + ;. 5

)g$78 E8E T 5 +7U; 5)E >7GK0M. 5 5 W 5
bh=\=^=a `6Xh`ch=\a7^ } êZiXg_ T7d_iXiX\

bh=\=^=a ~ `6Xh`ch=\a7^ ~ êZiXg_ T7d_iXi X\
bE 7`
fTchS d7_7h=_ TXd
gbT=:iQ
\&S7\ T _7h=_&d
d_7h&_ T7d U
gbT=:iQ }
T _Xh=_&d U
F n JO Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H G Y%= K6Z ; H =Y&69; :[;%G <y: =bG >Y%=m= K6D Z ; HBED= Y%6; [G v{
\ %n D
_ K GPK K
d ZbHK: ;bn<cYQ=RRS`;bn G :=! = ; Yy{
e K Z?H O H6G O6G
g
i ;UnA`tv/B|n6;^ ; B
k Z&K6Z H jZ?H[
Frq RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:=S=^ =^t^ v&n: ^^ ^
FuF G [6Z [%J JO6G G G
Fr\ K D`S`S;; [G G&H v%v%nn:: G ;; [G yuyuvCvCBB G v%v%nn:: DQ{{
Fr_ K [G G&H G [G G
F|d
Fre Z a-y RKRSD^ B [6Z >ma;%:``tqs :K;DB nK A<`Q= `MU^ :& 9z;MLQ{ ;&:: ^bn6;
Frg K : Z?HG <c^P`SZ?H^ KG GY GZ L K ZbH G H ^ K :ZbJH L KK yJ;Un{ G H[G&HKG
Fh n JK ; [G y^tf
l: G Y G v%n:loftYQ= O & {
Fri
Frk Y^
\uq G G RRA^ a;%:S=Q::=Q3; ;S; ^ : <C ^%=S=o> ^>= ^ : ;
\F G OQGQK J K ZbH J G Z?H K J
\u\ Z ay n ;UnM`; `SYQy?=l H a<Q=;L>H n^ K = HK: ^Y B|" 6{v%nS:RloRAfS^QYQxT= `À ; J {À^ ;on G :U> ZUK6Z&[ ;^
\u_ JK [G Z GQI G G O &
\d G Y^ nG ; y?l aQ=L>n : Y v%n:lofSYQ= {
\ue JK [G Z H6G G G O &
\ug n ; y?l n ^ slD%{
\h n JK ; [G y?lO<;Z J;tNnv Y :lofSYQ= {
\ui n JK = [G Yy?l: K Y v%n:G lPG ftYQ= fO ll%{
\uk n JK ; O6G y?l nG G^ Dl%{ RR O ; L&: > =c^ =L n6; ^S^ : =MLQ; =Q:
_uq JK [G OZ J N H6 ZbH G G&HK K j Z G Z HK
_F n = Yy?lnv Y :lTfSY%=RR [%fmJ =l^Tl%p{G V G ^ QPI&J6G ; OZ n J ^ N s ZbH L&: G > G&HK ; J
_u\ JK O6G G G O
_u_ : : %n yU% 9Cs6{
_d G%K%J HSHG K G
_ue
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

%q-
!)
i i
Ou
fZ5 7 nHMH:8.W 5 VZ1+78+W 5E 5 W 5 >787b$;$' 5 78}RW<&U9Wi;;$#W<]: 5 ; 5 C&7 5 p

7UWi0"NC W 5E :G7U 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 Y%Ra:878:8J;$ EGE a:G' 5 ;`g$78 E8E T 5 C l eKKM'W<+e%:GV+7Up E
$;$' 5 L7Ui<7G'W<+'78<+g$7G EGE T 5 ; 5 eY%Rb'e;$K+#Y%RM 5#5 v*: 5#EG5 7G 5 Y%RM#U9p
Wi; E +7U378>M.'_>;Cd\+$;$. 5 +7U; 5 ;$>Hg 5<5 $v*+: 5 e 5 : 5 5 ;<.M'9C
?dW E >RK;V+7Up E 6$;$' 5 78( E +g$7G EGEG E ; 5%E 78RW<+e%: 5E VYR^;$+.g(>; RW
;$>M. E ;`* E Y%R>78; 78(J;$.78+.:8F>W 5%E KS EkE R+ E8E '1 E ;('M.9LCZ> 5 E ; E8E5 VU9p
E ^ >e%:G7U;J 5 7G78 E 5 e;$>e%:Ga 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 eL(:8t+MK;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ^+M'+RM'p E 5bE :87G'eY%R
78+78 E +e%:8 5E :G' 5%E ; 5E 78RW<+e%: 5E V eM.W<+e%:8Vd+7Up E #-.e E :87GRS>T 5 c
N *

Y%R(_b<U9W<;) 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ;$ E v; 5 C
F n JO Y Z L K %n G ; [G G&H =YQY&6; [G y=9Y:YU;%6<; :[=bG >=mv{ D B s

\ :QYQ=^Q^cL
_ HK
d H%nK :Q GQDK% N ; [ >
e K GPK K
g
i RRn <=M; ;SLQ;%:: ^bn;
k
D S
` G ; O QGQK v%n: ; G yuvCHB [v%G&nH:KG{ =;Xn: Z > GZ :;ta Z Y N ;
Frq K [G G&H G [G G
FuF RRX< :=cL%x <;on6=Q:=A;^P=Q:< > ;^
Fr\ G [6Z J G&HK
Fr_ K `S; [G G&H v%n: G Z ^ K 6; [G yuv/B=Q:<6^{
F|d RRn:;L :=M;> ; ; ^ = ; =MLQY%=^^ DB
Fre LX`y J :YQ=^^K{ [ DB [CG G [ H GtK K
Frg >c`MLB HK ^ B > K; K yuv/B > B >=Q< y :Q L{ B {
Fh H6G KGQ[ GQK%N [ ZbH[ G%K%N Z G HK G K K
Fri : <A=%:<Y ^ `-y B M`` YY6{cllz B ^QL%=Qp=yE{
Frk K ZbH Z K K K HQJ K [
\uq ZbHK : G >;&p G K =L j `y K B K A`` HJ YY6{ tsCPyQy HK :QQ G L{ K B K {BLQ; HK
\F RRX< :=cL =b>= =
\u\ n G; y?l N p; [ p : =Y!lfMLBLQ;?>n6Y =b> yE{Pfl?Rlf>B =b> f
ly?lf
\u_ JK [G ZbH j6G Z =QK%:J<Y ^ fl&{lf>GQB KG^L &=QGp=yE{ : >;%p H =L G {
\d Z K [ G G K j
\ue : : %n y>B %n (>B >{
\ug G%K%J HSHG K G K G [Z
\h
? E8E EE T 5 E +g$7G EGEG E 78` E Y%R E 78>+ E W 5%E 1+7 5 W 5 +7U7y$;$' 5 C E ;$+Wi E V
Y%RkeT 5 78 E +e%:87G>W 5E Y%RXV E T 5 E ;$dM 5 +S>T 5 ;$d7G7UI E V.e7GK E ; E5 W< E R$:878S+T 5
W3RM.:G'M''>S+T 5 ;$.1 E T 5 V[g$78 E8E T 5 Re7GKVd EGEG5 +W< 5 ;$RW 5 $v*: 5 M. E :8;$
g$78 E8EG E C?dMK E@E T 5 L E :8e%:8 E >W)>M.9Le%:G E 5 R:G7 5E W<]: 5 ; 5E Y%R1%'W 5E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G
V$ 5 7G:8e%: 5 V 5 787G 5 7I
M'+.: 5 7 E >78)+_;$b 5 W<78+>e; prMK EFE >WW3RH: 5 E 5 78S 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
12.3.3 Algumas restries

?kg$ E :8+W ; 5 E 7 5 M.>Wi E eL>78S+T 5 ;$($;$' 5 Y%R 78 E +e%:8W 5E b+7US+T 5 ;'e E :87GRp
S+T 5
*7 ze 5# eMZ;$)RWW<]: 5 ; 5z5 R& 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7< 5 e%:8>W; 5 :8W<e9 5 ;#'M'9
R$:8.M'._N;)t+M 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C
MD7?Q H7D
E .e E :87GRS E ;@78: 5 7Ge 5 ;$@RW W<]: 5 ; 5 E T 5 +7U; E L>M 5 e 5E8EG5 5 W<'MK; 5 7+;a1>_
Y%R`RWe ]`+eL 5 e%:878; 5 eb781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+C[M.]>W ;$ E8E5 V E +W<78è 5J eM
Q2
;$b>;<W<]: 5 ; 5i5 R 5 e E :G78R$: 5 7>V 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7a>78) 5 7 5 e%:8)787GK)RW 5 WieL; 5 ;$
78: 5 7Ge 5 7UJ+1 .:87FY%R +g$>RLS+T 5 >K( 5 7UI^; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 C Re; 5b5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 78: 5 78e
M'RW1M 5 7NV 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7Z:G>W Y%RV%M.]>W;$+7U7kJ'e E :G78RS+T 5 ;$`7G+: 5 7Ge 5 V E 5 M.9+7kRW
1M 5 7(7Ui78: 5 78e7NC(= 5 > EG5 VP E 5 M.9>78W)p E _+>7 5 7U#W<]: 5 ; 5E .e%:8+'7 5%E [XhXh#7U
E :G78.e E V 5 $v*: 5E b787UI E C
? E :G3++7G:8W<>e:8JeT 5 ] 5 W<+M'9 5 7^ 5 W< 5 7G:8W)>e%: 5 C6Y%R 5 5 W<.MK; 5 7^;$>1J_>+7NV

+ E5 MH:8iRW 5 Wie; 5 ;i7G+: 5 78e 5 e 5} eMd; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V]#I1 E 7 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7(; 5
: 5 Vt+W<.:G'e; 5 RW+787 5#E +Wie%:8' 5 CM.]>W ; E8E5 VL]0 5%EGEG 1+MYR 5 5 WieL; 5 ;$378: 5 78e 5
>78; 5 L>M 5 XH
5 W<.MK; 5 7 E v).e $:8.MXC fZ5 7ag$>W)M 5 V 5 5 W).MK7 5iE +R.e%:GJW<]: 5 ; 5
b[7S _S=Q\=a b[7S

b
d_&S&7d=[ }
_7hi_
d_&S&7d=[ }

:G>7 W 5%Ey5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5 5 WRW 7 è XH
5` eM+7U; 5 ;$k 5 78Wia.e $:8.MXV 5 W 5 1+W 5%E
E +R.7NC?dW0 5 78b E8E5 eLT 5 5 W<7 5 W<:8J+7US>T 5 ;$$;$' 5 V]^RW< E5 M.RS>T 5 Ve 5 W e.W 5 V
5 R 5 >M.>e:8) 5 7G]>W}V$+.MB;$'W<M'+W<+e%:87UC
bh=\=^=a }
&h ac`
bEb=`
fT7=Sd_7h=_ T7d
gbT=:iQ
\&S7\T _7h=_&d
d_7h&_ T7d U
gbT=:iQ }
T _Xh=_&d U
b7_ _Xhi_ }
h&ac` }
bd_S=7d=[
\&S7\cb }
_7hi_ } Uh&ac` }
b[_
bd_S=7d=[
b } U h&ac`
bd_S=7d=[ 6` &ab\_d^=a7\T_Xh=\`\fT:bh=^=a7\dZ
r = * K rKr
r K3 r %s r 3 r K @ '63 r *r r
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/ "
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab
E +Re; 5 7 5 M'+Wib78+MK+ 5 ep E 5 W0 5 e%:8>W; 5 XH

e W<>7 5 ;$J E S 5E Y%RJ7G+p
oNC? 6 HD5
E W 5E 7G E >7G17e'M.978YR 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 Re+ 5 eC 465 W 5 ;$ E +7G>1+W 5%E V^ EGE
5 e%:8+W]b +.:8i EGE eL; 5 p E J 5 W 5 78RW<+e%: 5 L7U 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$
5E 'S E Y%R(+;.e E :87GRS>T 5 ;$K 5 e J .M'9z 1M 5 76e+%:G'1 5 V> EG5 7G+:G'7G W< E +M'+W<+ep
: 5%E ; 5 Y%R+W<'M.9N CkkvW 5E V 5 78]+W}V 5iE >R'e%:G(:G78>U9 5 ;$b+$;$. 5
bh=\=^=a
a&XT
b7_ a} U
bd_S=7d=[
a} U
bh=\=^=a }
ZXZXZ
m <e 5E8EG5 5 W<.MK; 5 7(+7U E8E 3$;$' 5 ;$ E8E #Wie>.7UVP:8+7 W 5E RW 7 5 M'+WiVt1 E : 5
Y%R# E .e E :G78RS EE T 5 +7U; E e}W< E Wi 5 7U;$+W +W Y%R#78>++W e 5 $;$' 5 V 5 Y%R
eT 5 78+78 E +e%:Ue>+ E8E 7GKW<>e:8#: 5 ; 5E)5E PR$g 5E ;$}+g NRS>T 5 5%EGEG 1+ E C= E8E }+ E5 V
E R 5 e9W 5%E Y%RVZ 5 +W<.:G'73}'e E :87GRLS+T 5 O0 5 5 e%:8; 5 7;MH:8R7U:GRM@;}'M'9
:G>e9 5 1M 5 7$CbL E E :8#'e E :G78RS+T 5 Vt:G>781M 5 7)"3<t E 5
7 #:G>781M 5 7J C 5

>787z7GIg$'Wii.e E :87GRS>T 5 VL 5 7G:8e: 5 V 5 1M 5 7(; 5 5 e%:U; 5 7^ E :878i>7G7U; 5 C +1+78' E >7
"Vy 5 E +g$>RLS+T 5 U9+ 5 R EGE 0 5 e%: 5 5 W zg$>+RS+T 5 ; 5 V[t E(5 Y%RMk'M'9
:G>WMH:8R78"C
^W W<+ 5 ;$3 5 e%: 5 7Ge7a E :Gb7 5 M.>W<) 5 B'W) 5 7(<7G E :87GKS+T 5 ;$3Y%R: 5 ;<.e E :G78RS>T 5
;$; E 1% 5 ]^+7U;(t+M 5 5 W).MK; 5 7>V;$`:8MW 5 ; 5 Y%RL EdE RJg$>+RS+T 5 J'M.9b E :87U
eN E8E 78'W)>e%:G)1I_+KCi E8E .W}VtM 5 5E ) 5 e%: R 5%E ;$#$;$' 5 7:8+W E +W<78i;$iRWi
'M.9L E +We+e9%RW+M'+W<+e%: 5 Cd HeK+)+g$+>S>T 5)5 5 787G e)>78S+T 5 ; 5 $;$' 5 780RWi
g$78 E8E T 5 7G>M' 5 eM f 7 5 7UWi<"NC."N C[^M'{V$'e E :G78RS+T 5 = `>78;JeM''e90;$+.g
RW>M.>W)>e%: 5 e#'M'9C?dW 5 W<t+e E S>T 5 VPz.e E :G78RS>T 5 + 9X$00 eM.'e9/ ]0+7U;
E +W 5 e%:U'M.'_>7be>e9 RW 'e+7G>W)>e%: 5 e.M'9V[;$ 5 78WiYR 5 eMF; 5 +M'+RM 5 ;
g$78 E8E T 50E tp E JY%R)'M.9Li78 E +Rz+Wg:UW<+e%:GJRWi)ReK;;$C
Wie+'780 5 787G+:8Ib;$ E5 M.R+ 5 e7 E8E E ; 5 E 7 5 M'+Wi EE +78'iW<N;$'e%:G0;#'W)M.+p

W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;$RW EGEG5 0Wi E ;ieM' E E +Wie%:GK+)Y%R78>M''_> E8E 5 Y%R E JU9LWi<;$
eLM' E ;$ R$g 5 1P P
;$( 5 e:87 5 M. ;$ R$g 5 ;$J;; 5E C f 78J:Ue%: 5 V 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 ]78+78 E +e%:U; 5
e^ 5 78W<(;$6RW7U 5 ;$.78>+ 5 e; 5 VI+WY%Ra+;^1]+7G:GK@78+7G E >e:U`RW\M 5 5 .e;.1 E 1>M
;$i 5 Wie; 5%E i>;z78 E :8VB E I
5%EGEG 1+ E :878e E +7 +e+' E ;$i 5 e%:G7 5 M'3e E R+g$>RLS+T 5 C
E8EG5 +'e; 5 p E @'e$ 5 78WiS>T 5JE5 7G 5E 5 e%: 5%E ; 5 7U 5 5 e;$aRWi(178'I1+M 78>>LFRW1IM 5 7
< 5 e%: 5E(5 e;$< E8E z178'I1+M[]iR E ;Vy 5 ;$+p E i'e;zM 5 +M.'_>7 5 R$:87 5%E :8. 5E ;)7 5 M.+p
Wi E V$ 5 W 505 R EG5 ; 178KI1+ E eT 5 'eKKM'._N; E CZ^W 5 W<'M'; 5 7F 5 W)>78+'Mt++7G:8W)>e%:G
;$>1+78K3'W<M.>W<+e%:87^)eM' E ; 5 PR$g 5 ;$b 5 e%:G7 5 M' b;; 5%E C
12.4 O runtime X ++
W3'+e%:G<;$)g$>+RS+T 5 78zM''eR>W 7 5 1+.:8p E W3R.: 5 ; 5 W0.>e%:G<;
s,C l E : 5-E 'e +-Y%RzeLT 5 :8+W 5E Y%Re 5E
X++
78 5 RL7< 5 W E t>: 5E 5 W 5 +7G78+%p
W<+e%: 5 V@1+78 >S>T 5 V@.eKKM''_>S>T 5 ;MK E8E :UC .W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5 7GRe%:8.W<
M'.W<.:8p E RW70;$#W<]+: 5 ; 5E Y%R E T 5 U9Wi; 5%E ;$+e%:87 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 !"2;$zXRWi ++
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
MK E8E Ve:8 E i;$> 5 E ;}+g$>RLS+T 5 ; 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 XVY%RV 5 W 5 1 'W 5E VB] 5 5 e: 5 ;$
+e%:878;-;RW 7 5 78Wi ++ C
XE :87G'e
j VF:8W3t]+W}VFRW 7#;$W<]: 5 ; 5E 78 +:GR7#
M'+.:GR7Uz;i1IM 5 7G E 'e%:G>.7 5E E i] E T 5 R$:G'M'._N; 5 e.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5
d_X^&atC
\78Re%:G'W<J].W<M'+W<+e%:U; 5 +WI1V%eL)+M' EGE C'A :? ? >D CP 5 +g$>R:87Gp E
RW7 5 7UWi
X
E
++ V;$>1p 6'eM'R'7k:8MMK
E8E ae 5
L9%$) 5 78eNK; 5yJ s78(Y%R 5
78Re%:G'W) E vb> E8EG 1+MXC= 5 7 5 7UWi)"NC " E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5Ek5%E ; 5 E 7G'W<+'7 5%E W<]: 5 ; 5E V
Y%R(_>+W)'eKKM'._NS+T 5 5 >U9LW<+e%: 5 ;)+g NRS>T 5 ;$JRW7 5 7UWi
X ++
F n^ JO= Y Z LALTLQYQa=a^Q^X: JH K=Z > G : 9:;%<:=b>=mD B D

\ K KZ J G GQ[ G [G ZbH
_
d ^ K = KZ LXn JO Y Z L ZbHKMZbHZ&K6Z =Y Z V G yE{
e %^ >Bu; B|n: Y y?lE= < =Q< S: > Û6^ >B :6^ ; sCBEDl&{
g KG JK ZbHK H H J G JHK6Z G KG G Z H
h ZbHa-` y H6G t`Q` J aaYGY:{ GQ[ G = [G :Cy H6G z H n JK K : G =?>6 G = [G :Cy%^ KG >B ZbH {{
i Z ZbH HJ
k %6^ KG >B G :Q:/B|n: Z?HK Y H ylE::;&: ZbHZUK6Z =Y Z V ZbH <MMYQ= H < J =Q< G : JHK6Z > G ^&6^ KG >l%{
Frq : GQK%J : H D
FuF
Fr\ : : s
Fr_ G%K%J H
F|d
Fre
Frg ^ = LXn Y LTp; a Y VCy{
Fh K KZ JO Z ZU[ ZbHZ Z
Fri
Frk K :Q
\uq BL%Y;^ y{
\F ZbH G
\u\ L%= L y%&v6L n ; {X
\u_ K N G K6Z HmG
\d
P Ac A/Q
M D DHM DAMHD
=7GNM'';;$VPi'eKKM'._NS+T 5 78 E RWW 78'7^RW 5 v*: 5 ; 5 :8. 5
Y%R E +7UR$:G'M.'_>; 5 7UM.>7b1M 5 78 E ;}>e%:G7U;pX;$7UT 5 e 5E 5 Wie; 5%E

c7 ? AMC cD
C 4 EG5 eT 5)E *v0 5E8E 1>Mt+7GK76:8M 5 $v*+: 5 V 5 7GRe:8.W<(+W<.:GJRWi3W<>e E >W;$ >7G7 5
378: 5 78e 5 1M 5 7^pU"Cb W<]: 5 ; 5 !#
,;MK E8E VtY%R<U9W 5 R 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V
C &< M D DHM DAMHD

1>7G >} E8E i1M 5 73Vk+ E5 9v}RW+787 5 VB:8+78W)'eg$>+RS+T 5E >WU9Wi7 5 W<]: 5 ; 5
iS^dXS PCZ W<]+: 5 ; 5 &E 'W<M' E W)>e%:G^ NU9 505 $v*+: 5 +7GK; 5 e
'e'+'M.'_>S+T 5 C
E@5 R$:G7 5E ; 5 E W<]: 5 ; 5%E eL0+M' EGE E T 5 W 5%E :878; 5E e 5 7 5 78Wi<"N$CC 465 W 5 .:8; 5
Cb^W
I o M DDHD&AMHD
e%:8+78 5 7GW<+e%:8Vt+M' E(E T 5 R$:8.M'._N; 5%E eL+7US+T 5 ;$<$;$' 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5 ;$>M. E
M <; 5 078: 5 78e#RW .e%:8+'7 5 5}5 R$:G7 5 I
M <)78: 5 78e#RW E :87G'eLC 4 EG5
M'RW +787 5 e}M'+.:GR78 5 5 7G7UV 5 78Re%:G'W<i+W<.:GiRWi}W<+e E +W ;#+787 5 VBWi E W< E W 5
E8E .W 78: 5 78ee 5 7GWiM'W<+e%:GV$ 5 W RW1M 5 7GpX;$7UT 5 C= 5 + E5 ;$ M'+.:GR78);$JRWe W<+7 5 XH
'e:8+'7 5 Vy+ EG5 9Lv#>7G7 5 e 5 5 7GWi: 5 ; 5 XH
e W<+7 5 VP+e%:8T 5 e+e9 RWi#W<>e E >W]0>W).:GK;V
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

"
!0/ /
i i
Ou
Z +(F vlxV@/z|{bab "
t+eL E`5 1M 5 7Gpr;$7UT 5 ]7G+: 5 7Ge; 5 Ca\1M 5 7`78: 5 78e; 5 e 5 + EG5 XH
;$RWe W<+7 5 .e%:G>.7 5
] VJe 5 > EG5 ; E :G78'eV$] #c7C
F ^ K = KZ LXn JO Y Z L ZbHK : G = [ HK yE{ 9:;%<:=b>=mD B Q

\ : <
^T` YY
_ K Z?H HQJ
d ZbHKPj
e
g K :
h ^T` ZbH B: G = [ ZbHG yE{
i
k j À HKG < G :/B|n6=%:6^ G HK y^{
Frq L&= L yQ&v6L n ; {
FuF K N G K6Z HG
Fr\ %6^ KG >B G ::/B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE::;%:: G = [6ZbH <SaQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK l%{
Fr_ %6^ >B ::/B|n: Y y?lE =^Q; tlf G B< GQKQG ^Q^%=Q< G y{{
F|d : GQK&JK:G H Gs ZbHK H G H
Fre
Frg L&= L yr > :;%:U>= v6L n ; a{
Fh K N J O6G K G K6Z H
Fri : GQK&J : H s
Frk
\uq : GQK%J : HAj
\F
\u\
\u_
\d ^ = LXn Y Lt : <A: = : <CyE{
\ue K KZ JO Z K ZbH G [ K Z?H
\ug : <
^T` YY
\h K Z?H HQJ
\ui
\uk K :
_uq ^T` ZbH B: G = [ ZbHG yE{
_F
_u\ L&= L yQ&v6L n ; {
_u_ K N G K6Z HG
_d %6^ KG >B G ::/B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE::;%:: G = [6ZbH <SaQ:;?>z^ K = H[ =Q: [
ZbH n JK l%{
_ue %6^ KG >B G ::/B|n: ZbHK Y H y?lE G =^Q; H tlf G B< GQKQG ^Q^%=Q< G y{{
_ug
_h : : ^
_ui G%K%J H
O' &N
8
3 N
.
E e 5 1 ';;$ E e E :G> :GRM 5E T 5 }'eM'R E T 5 ; 5%E 7UY%R'1 5E ; 5 +7U; 5 7;$+ ;. 5 z; 5
90 Q
=
5 78W'e+M.R
O' &O8= 9XGLC
78Re%:G'W)C[= 5 ;.78:878 5 ; 5%EZ5E 7UY%R.1 5E
\78'W)>.7 5 5 e%:G]+W 5E W)]+: 5 ; 5%E ;$ E 78.: 5E e E :Gb> :GRM 5 5E +Re; 5 V
b;$ eKS+T 5 ;+g$+>S>T 5 MKeS>;> EG5 M'RW 7 5 M'+Wi 5 5 7G7UJe+7US+T 5 ;$$;$' 5 C[= 5
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~X~ X
X
i i
% àà BZ)*à@*<a
;$'7G+:G7G 5 90 Qc=y b 5 6 5 M 5 +; 5z5 78Y%R'1 5 7X!" 8

- 5 W}.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5
; 5 78Re%:G'W) ++ C
X
E8E 'W}V780>787 5 5 W<'M'; 5 7a 5 7GRe:8.W<V E T 5 e> EGE 78 5E65EÈ +R.e%:G E E8EG5E
`^T }~ WT^di_&dKX^&]7^`X`h=^[XM7XZ3X

bh&_
bh&_
`^T }~ X^&]7^`T^&di_&dWXh=^[7M Z6=^&]^
`^T }~ X^&]7^`h=^[7 XdXSW X[7S:bf_eZ6=^]7^
= E NS+T 5 "NC b1+78+W 5%E 5 W 5 5 W<'M'7>V%>787 5E 7UY%R'1 5E ;$JMK E8E +g NR$:U7FRWi
GM''>S>T 5 >W ++ C
X
12.6 Exemplos
`:8.M'._N78+W 5E 5 W 5 +g >W<M 5i5 7 5 7UWi ++VY%R1 .W 5E e 5 + :8RM 5 /C f 78i 5 W)p
'M'7 5 7 5 7UWibJ+7U7`$;$' 5 V$R$:G'M.'_>7G>W 5EF5 5 Wie; 5 ;$ E >W<7G
`^T }~ X^&]7^T^&di_&dZh=^[7RZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X_OZ


! _f:^[XS:b=`_&d=d\&d7\X[7a
7_[_&d^&S:b'[7 ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X_OZ Z)gb[7S=d7_=_eZ Xî
7_[_&d^&S:b'[7 ZXZ6WiXi^fTch=_i&Wgb[7S&d_X_OZ Z)gb[7S=d7_=b_ a7^&S7ÔZ3Xî
\=aX_7_[_&d^S_=a
465 W E8E i 5 Wie; 5 5 7UW +7U; 5E(5E 78Y%R'1 5%E Qc
!N9:L Qc*8Mc* 8
}
Q
!19 Q:+ 8 + ) 8

5 e%:G>e; 5`5 $;$' 5 % E W<.eJ78a E MK E8E E +
& V%7G E t>:G'1IW<+e%:GCk E 7 5 7UWi E "I$C/("NC Ve 5b eMt;$ E :G^> :GRM 5 W 5%E :878W
t>Y%R+e 5E :G78>U9 5E ;$ E8E E 7UY%R.1 5E 7UYR 5 M'+.: 5 7J 5%EGE z 5 W<787 5 $;$' 5 +7U; 5
5 W 5 7 5 7UWip{ 5 e:8C
?dW E >RK;i+7GKW 5E V 5 W 5 R$g M' 5 ; 5 % E W)'eBV 5E 78Y%R'1 5%E g$NR$:UI1+ E (7 5 78Kp
W<+e%:Gb;H: 5E CZ +1+W 5E R:G'M.'_>7 5EÈ +R.e%:G E 5 W<e; 5%E
`^T }~ àZXZWi=i^fTch&_i

iXi^fTch=_i"Xî
fb[gb[7S=d_X_eZ Z)gb[7S=d7_X_Z6Xî
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ ~X X
X
i i
Ou
7_[_&d^&S_&aUlgb'[7SXd_X_OZ`&h=î=i
iXi^fTch=_i"
Xî
fb[gb[7S=d_X_eZ Z)gb[7S=d7_X_&a7^S7ÔZ6&î
7_[_&d^&S_&aUlgb'[7SXd_X_M& a7^&SÔZ`&h=^7iXi
?^V eM'W<+e%:GV E :8W 5E 7 5 e%: 5E 78)g$NR$:U7è 5%EGEG5 7G'W<+'7 5 7 5 7UWi3>W C
7G E RM.:8; 5 ]`W 5E :G7U; 5 E +R.7NC 4 ; E >Y=kI>eKJ;$`:G7I E =e HW)>7 5%E 5 7G78 E 5 e;$a 5
++
X ; 'V
"I E
W be 5 Y%R E +7UT 5 M.K; 5%E L>M 5 7 5 7UWi3bi;:8<'e E +78';0e RWi#7G1 5 78'e7GKC f[5 7
g$>W)M 5 V78'W)>.7U;:8 5 7G78 E 5 e;$^<"I$"> % Cy^t E65 e_>^;:U E ;.H:U; E ;:8 E
78+t:GK; EÈ T 5 78*v*>H:U; E V 5 7 5 7UWib'W<7G'W<.7U<<781 5 78J:8+78W<.e78C
iXi^fTch=_i"X^&]^=`h=îXiT^&S=Q Z=UXZXZW`^T } ~ g b[7SXd7_X_

a ^[X=^&i
_ d==[7S:bf:_i iS_fNZ_&diXb\[ Z }
}~
}
~XX=

~XX}

}
~

~XX=
~

~XX=
h=_f:_[7S\X^_ b=iS_

}
~
~
}
}
}
~XX=
~

~XX=~
~

~XX=
}
}~
~XX=
~ W ~ W }Q
W W }
i i
i i
i i
=L Ozo ssQRQR QmQT sCusQ n6=%< GAQ X @sQ
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
W W }
~ W7W ~XXX
~ W W ~=XX
}~ W } W ~X=X
} W } W ~XXX
} W }~ W ~XXX
W W ~XX}
6~ W W ~=XX~
F QQQQ9Q:;%<:=bQ>=mD BQ @ QQ
\ ; [G < GUH6G := KGQ[SO tfQfMLQ;?>n Z Y G :
_ ( G :6^ Z ; H sCBED o ss
d QQQQQQQQQ
e B^Q; J :6L GPOZ?HK : GG Bv
g BLQY%=^ôn JQO Y Z L OZ?HK : GG
h B^ J n G : =%p=RYQ= H <R O6QG L K
i Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z L j6G t OZbHK : GG [ = K =
k Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z LSY G a K OZ?HK : GG
Frq Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z LP: Z < NK OZbHK : GQG
FuF G a= J Y K L%; H ^ K : J L K ;%:CB3Q=YY^S^ J n G :Cy{
Fr\ B > G%K%N ; [ n JQO Y Z L ZbHZ&K} yE{?
Fr_ BY Z > Z&K Y;L%=Y^
D
F|d BY > ^ =L D
Fre =Y;%Z = [Z&KQs K j
Frg p; ^bn L =Y =%p=RYQ= H <R O6QG L K R ZbHZ&K} yE{?
Fh :ZbHGQK&J j6: HG G Z
Fri B G&H[ > GQK%N ; [
Frk
\uq B > G%K%N ; [ n JQO Y Z L ZbHZ&K} y OZbHK : GG [ = K ={?
\F BY Z > Z&K Y;L%=Y^
\u\
\u_ =Y;%= [ Qs
\d p; ^bn L =Y =%p=RYQ= H <R O6QG L K R ZbHZ&K} yE{?
\ue =ZbHY;%= j6[ G D G Z
\ug =Y;%= [ Qs
\h Û=Un
\ui n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG R j6G S OZbHK : GG [ = K =
\uk =LQ; H ^ K HQJ YY
_uq =Y;%= [ Qs
_F Û=Un
_u\ n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG RY G a K OZbHK : GG
_u_ =LQ; H ^ K HQJ YY
_d =Y;%= [ Qs
_ue Û=Un
_ug n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG R%: Z < NK OZbHK : GG
_h : GQK&J : H
_ui BY Z > Z&K ^ K =L jm
_uk B G&H[ > GQK%N ; [
dq BBB
d F
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

o
!0/ %q
i i
Ou
F QQQQ9Q:;%<:=bQ>=mD BQ QQ

\ ; [G < GUH6G := KGQ[SO tfQfMLQ;?>n Z Y G :
_ ( G :6^ Z ; H sCBED o ss
d QQQQQQQQQ
e B^Q; J :6L GPOZ?HK : GG Bv
g BLQY%=^ôn JQO Y Z L OZ?HK : GG [ = K =
h B^ J n G : =%p=RYQ= H <R O6QG L K
i Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z L [6Z =M
k Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z L> G ^S
Frq Ba Z&G Y [ n JQO Y Z Lt= H ;A
FuF B > G%K%N ; [ n JQO Y Z L ZbHZ&K} yE{?
Fr\ BY Z > Z&K Y;L%=Y^
D
Fr_
F|d =Y;%= [ Qs
Fre p; ^bn L =Y =%p=RYQ= H <R O6QG L K R ZbHZ&K} yE{?
Frg YZbH[ LMj6D G ss G Z
Fh =Y;%= [ Qs
Fri Û=Un
Frk n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG [ = K =R [6Z =m
\uq Y LMD
\F =[Y;%= [ Qs
\u\ Û=Un
\u_ n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG [ = K =R?> G ^c
\d Y LMD
\ue =[Y;%= [ Qs
\ug Û=Un
\h n JK a Z%G Y [tOZbHK : GQG [ = K =R [6Z =m
\ui : GQK&J : H
\uk BY Z > Z&K ^ K =L jm
_uq B G&H[ > GQK%N ; [
_F
_u\
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
i i
i i
i i
!%"$# 2&2 5 Q%&Q & )+# k4 2
# 2'2(# 9
= *
i i
Apndice A
Exerccios
I
=^ E :8# +e;'+ E >78T 5 7 5 5%E : 5E M'Re E g$+7U 5E C f 78 +78'W 5%E 78+MK 5 eLprM 5%E YR{Ve 5
eMF; 5 M'.1 7 5 &;z 5 M 5 >prM 5%E +W >;-+ :8RM 5 Vd 5 W 5 :G7U;$K 5 eM.W<>e:8 E #_Vk 5 E
#Wi 5 7GKi;$+M' E 78 +78p E 3i7 5 5E :8 E ;$)M.:G+7US E eLi.W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7
X ++ V^
5
7 EGEG5 Va:U E +g$+7U 5E
e T 5 E :8T 5 7G>M' 5 e; 5E RW H
eK 5 > :GRM 5 C 5
5 e%:G7U78 5 V+ 5 ;+W\+e 1 5 M'1+7M.:G+7US E ;$ E ; 5 eM' E ; 5 7BM']g$K 5 :G]@>78S+T 5
; 6$;$' 5 C
79!#7X -,:

9' &
0 + 9 X &
9/.*7L0LGG &#=
=!10# &$eGX &19
!0X&L /$& .)
!
++
pX'&
!2 !# G 3 9: : p 8& , * $: !N9PL &/
L+ )l9
5!#c) &4 4l9!#$

"9
5!
X"
!# $ =
=
o! 7/8X
!N9:Ln
GK9
!R

y7{ -,& !"'
%L7( & ) Gq F)
X ,n7 w

y9
L!# n ) !"/"
7L+ ( &8X& , w

y9
L!# y n ,n7 6 w
!19!#c) 8:9&p lLV9t9 $ eLnn ) w

5; 8:9&( &"

8=< n #
7 &nK
' >
!1t9 L& , "!#' &?
l
L 8=9 &" W+
W 8
! &
8 9: < n &b L GG -, 8=9!#
:t? 6< D7? H
@
Q? i/AELMPH2LC -
@I
< C'A c|CX7C I < c:D !
<7; B o C'A AI
B
O!#"N!":#97.7L(0 :9 $y7!9&L
!#, C &,19.
!# & X ,
9!#,7! !C0 ! !"Vf:^cb'[7!#",

++
%q
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/">
i i
àà BZ)*à@*<a
7! !C0 ! !" !"!#l9 p

"=
&9L!19tL& c
>
4

d )0D
E0n!19 )!"

& )! ! 8=9
W8

L&
6 4=9!""!C0 ' &

)
)(9:
L
!"// 9&

6 4=/ F

& (,6 4=
W 8
n= G F
!#n ,(G
X & #"!19 n N9&!# 99X$#(
!N9:L
!"
7!"6 !##

5+G@ . L
ON !#!"
+G: :9/.*70&0/!19t #9797! !C0.
' &:
L (H.!#L(
!#c)pUG &
!#c)(8X pc*({ 9 &
7!#c) &9I!#( !#Pl$e7!#,9J.{G !# 8'.@9

XX
: !#
n9J.XG #OLG n9 )!19!#c), n9J.{Gp:
!1t9 L& X
++
! G7 K

9
!

:8X &&6 4= L 017!#y
LM
1.
G#& ) ;8:9&!7!"7$# N9:!". c K9

17X-,

+
9y8X
!N9:L:97!R 97& nn9
L9:69: G M 9< G/19 # &y7!#
8=
8=9<LN8 &" !#=p )N !#8=9 !)
5.6 :
= 8:9&( &6 4="
!19!#c)n#9 8:9&, &/'
8=9 &y 9#89J.G ) )C0 9L9!#.
X + d

' >
!19t , "!# ?
" W+"' #OLG #
!9N9.
LV9
! 7{-,n!# !#,9 8, n Wn'
l$ e? !6$$ "!#7!#9L'

& & =
=! Nl7 9p!#(7!",.
W
E
L03

G ,#
L, &yH.!#LV9
L
&/

!IXG"
.8!O (!19 & (9 8:9& !" ,7! & 8

)!7!
t +
* X

!IXG,
,9
8=9p
/

n#!# !#,& &p!
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

!0/""
i i
Apndice B
JavaCC
7 5 7UWi3%I1 4`4 ]RW+7U; 5 7`;$beM. E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 YR+7U<$;$' 5 %I1ICk?dM'
5 .eKKM'W<+e%:G^; E +e 1 5 M.1 K; 5 L>M' m Re#YRV;+ 5 E ;$M.RW}V:G>W) 5 EGEG5 R E +Ri;$ E +ep
1 5 M.1 'W<+e%: 5 78 !# o :'VyY%R3 5E :G>7G 5 78W<+e%:Gb 5 [.e 5 78 5 78;)L>M' QPl)&
:'C m R<1>7 E T 5 :GRLMy]bi$C'" >e 5 e%:G7Up E e%RW78+ 5E H:878 5 ;)7878' m ReC
f 7U 5E .e%:G>7G EGE ; 5E >W 5 e9>>7#W<+M'9 5 7 5 %I1 4`4 V E R,'e,e l e:8+78e:]
Q7SXS&T:i|UWXW&X^&]^`=`|Z3aX_]Z6&^&]ÔZ[_&S7WC?kg$ E :G>W}Vk:8W3t]+W}VdRWiM' E :U&;$};$ E +R EGE T 5 RW
c|69 EG5 7G 5 7 5 ;R$: 5 C( 0 5 7U; 5 5 Wi787GKi+W<78 E VP;$>_++eL E ;0W<'M.97G E
;$F; 5 ~èM 5 ; E 5 7UW +.: 5%E ; 5 I1 4`4 6W)'M'978 E ;$@R E R7G 5E R:G'M.'_>W0pre 5 >W\M''>S E
E ]>7GK E UC0=.eLVy 5 ;p E )+e 5 e%:G7U7J'e;RW M.'e78zRWi E ]>7G'<;$<7UWi:8'> E
2 j
7 5 e%:8 E 7U(R$:G'M'._NS+T 5 L>M 5 %I1 4`4 C m T 5 7UWi:8'> E V 5 7dg$>W)M 5 V;$%I1V 4 V 4 xx0V
m (A D s&AdVW0RH:U Ea5 R$:G7U E C
%I1 4`4 ;$ e<RWiM.'eRL>W 7G78'7Uz; E 78'S>T 5 VPe RW He' 5 78Y%R'1 5 Vy; 5
eLM' E ; 5 7M.]+g$' 5 z; 5 eM. E ; 5 7 E 'e:U:8' 5 C l eKKe; 5 5 W 5 eM. E ; 5 7M']g$K 5 V[ EGE
M'.eR+W t+78W).:G<Y%R<+;i: 5 >e E *v; eK; 5 e 5 78W<z;$)RWi+g 7G EGE T 5 78+RMK7
Y%RJ 5 ;$ E +7a:UT 5iE .W<M' E 5 W 5
K\"] M^ U

Ma& U `h=îXi

5 RWi E 5 W)M.+g$< 5 W 5
K\"] M^ U
iS=d:b[7K7`\[:iS7^[7SU XW W`\[:iS^[7S_iSXd:b[X`\f:\ ^gàg:à7^
#X | #X # [ # d & #cX

?dWW3 5E[5%E + EG5E V 5E : 5 +e E ;$ eK; 5E >e%:G78N E +7UT 5 R$:G'M.'_>; 5E 5 W 5 5 e E :Ue%:G E
y d<
'e:8+'78 E VI+ E8E 1> E ;+e%:G7 5 ; 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 C^M']+W\;$k: 5 +e E V> 5 ;$+W E +7; eK; 5%E
e 5 eM' E ; 5 7)M.]+g K 5 Y%R E >7U:G+78 E05 RQ+g 7G EGEG E ;$+1+W E >7i.e 5 7U; 5%E

i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/
!0/"N
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
:8W3t]+W 5E : 5 >e E E LNK E YR E T 5 : 5 >e E Y%RieT 5E T 5 EGE ; 5%E 7U 5 eM' E ; 5 7
E .e%:8:GK 5 V$W< E 78Wi_+>e; 5E (78>+Rt+7U; 5%E )7:8.7^;RW: 5 >eze 5 78W<M{C
?dW ;$KS+T 5 "JE g$78 E8EG E 7G>RMK78 E V ] 5%EGEG 1+M;$ e.76 E :8; 5E 78) E t>+ >7 5%E
: 5 >e E V E %' E<5 R: 5 +e E E t>+' E VFW< E<5 RQW)>e 5E 5 W 5 e RWR$:GWi: 5 eH: 5 C = 5
=kI>eKzU E +7U'e 5 78;t+M 5 eM' E ;
5>|C?:C:D o >X>DQ:? C D 5 ; E E ;$ eKS E
g$>W)M 5 E +R.7NVd E >Y 5 73M']g$K 5 #7U E :8
W3RL;7)7U 5 E :8; +.:8 E e%:G>7G 5 78W<+e%:G
e 5 E :8; 5 pr;$7UT 5 eLT 53E +78'W7GN 5 e9>+'; E 5 W 5 eM' E ; 5 7dM']g$K 5 e E :G(e 5 1 5 E :U; 5 C
m 5 W)>e%:G 5E +Re; 5Ê .b E +R.7 5 ;$>7GK E >7BR E ; 5 CB?dM'@;$+:G+78W<.eL^Y%R@+ E5 E >Y =kI>eK
>a7GNS+ eJ+e%:G7U;V+e%:UT 5J5 eM. E ; 5 7M']g$K 5 1 5 MH:U 5 E :8; 5 pr;$7UT 5 CB?,Y%R`7U
Y%RMKY%R+7` 5 E <;$. +78+e%:G;$ NUV$)+e%:878;3]bL>e E 'e 5 7U;C
] U

W U"fchS:bhb[_`\fXf:_[XS

fhS:bhb'[_`\f=f:_[XS M"] U

W U $ M a=
R

2
^W 7GNR7 EG5 +g :G7U 5 +78>+'; 5 t+M 5 %I1I 4`4 ]^t+78W<H:8.76YR^$;$' 5 %I1I E *v EGEG5 K; 5
5 78> 5 e9>'W<+e%: 5 ;bRW ;$:8+78W)'e; 5 : 5 +eC RLe; 5i5 eM' E ; 5 7`M']g$K 5 78> 5 e9N
e(+e%:878; Y%R+M'F: 5 +eBVM.]>W; E S E e 5 78W< E : 5 Wi; E V 5 eM' E ; 5 7[M.]+g$' 5 +g NR$:U
5 $;$' 5 E8EG5 +'; 5 )>M.C
@ M ^ M M ^ $ =X
7 5 7UWi; 5 7Z;$+1a:8W0L]>W ; e'7 5 e 5 W<;MK E8E aY%R.7U78'7 5 eM' E ; 5 7
E .e%:8:GK 5 C l EGEG5 ]k +.: 5 5 7W)> 5 ; 5E 5 Wie; 5E X= V
E +e; 5 888 5 e 5 W<#;; 5 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 C D R; 5 YR#7GNi+e%:87Gi EGE E ; 5 E
5 Wie; 5%EE +7U .e E +78K; 5 5 W 5 +$;$. 5 e E :8(MK E8E C E8E .W}V 5 ;$+W E +7Z'e E +78'; 5%E !19 *UV
178'I1+ E V$W<]+: 5 ; 5E :UC^?dW 7:8'+RMK7NV 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 !#YRb7GN>L 5%E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E ;
M'.e9Lb;$ 5 WieL; 5 V.e E :8eK 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E .e%:U:GK 5 .e'+'b3eM. E E 'e:U:8'> 5 ;$ E >7
'eM'R ; 5 e E G
: 5 e%: 5 C
78 E : 5 ; E ;$NMK7US EkE T 5 E 7 5 ;RS E ;J7UWi:8'> Y%R E ^;$ E vJ.W<M'+W<+e%:U7NC
I1 4`4 R$:G'M'._N#):G]NeK+#; E +eL;$+e%:G78>+R7 E '1);3eM. E C6= E8E i 5 78;>W+;
eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM;7UWi:8'>].W<M'+W<>e:U; 5 5 7W<+ 5 ;$-RW W<]: 5 ; 5 YRVY%Re; 5
U9W<; 5 V@7 5 +R78-78> 5 e9N+7<e>e:878;- E :87GR:GR7U-; 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eMXC= T 5 g$ E :8
%&&=V 5 R E *vV%> EG5 RWW)]+: 5 ; 5)E vbU9Wi; 5 7U78> 5 e9N>7@ E 7 5 ;$RLS E ;$
>7: 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eMk#eT 5
I
5 e E '_ prM 5 VeLT 5 g$ E :8# 5E8E ''M.K;;#;$#78: 5 7GeL7b}RW
5 e%: 5 e:8+78 5 7e>e:878;}<:G>e%:870RWi 5 R:G7U 5 tS>T 5 V 5 R E *vVZRWi 5 R$:878}7 5 ;$RS>T 5
Y%RJ 5%EGE )M.>17^ 5 78> 5 e9N'W)>e%: 5 ;)+e%:G7U;C
2 ReL; 5 e RWeT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM+g E :G+W;.1+7 E E 5%EGEG 1+ E 7 5 ;$RS E E >7G>W E +RK; E V
5 eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 >78; 5 t+M 5 %I1 4`4 : 5 Wi E >W)7G}7G'W<+'78-+ E 7< 5 W
+e%:878;CF 5 W) 5 7G:8W<+e%: 5 pX;$7UT 5 ]b 5 e E K;$+7U7^L>e E RW EG W0 5 M 5 ;<>e:878;)7U
;$NK;$.7 E 5 + E W<+e%: 55 5 7G78 5 ReT 5 C 7 5 78Wi; 5 7) 5 ;$V` 5 78]+W}VMH:8+7U7i EGE
5 W< 5 7:UW<+e%: 5 ;$:8+78W<.ee; 5 M 5 LM'W)>e%:G3RW XH
e W<+7 5 ;H >7G>e:8); EG W3 5 M 5E(5 R E p
i i
i i
i i
^`gX X~ X6 W 7W ~ X ~X U =T^_ X:} X
: }
i i
TS
@ + @
1 xUG b` / "
EG5 +'e; 5 bRW 5%EGEG 1+ML 5 e: 5 ;$(;$>+ E T 55 XH

e W<+7 5 ;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E ;3+e%:G7U;YR ;$>1+W
$
E +7> E ; 5%E L7U)Y%R0Y%R+M'b+W<.e9 5#E v E >RK; 5 C l E : 5 ] +.: 5 5 7W)> 5 ; 5 5 Wie; 5
aE\M\!]X ` C
m +R'e; 5 M 5EG5 Q;QeM' E ,;$ E >e;$>e:8,7GNR7 E .1V E ;$>+M'78S E ; 5%E eT 5 p

:G>7GW<'e EE T 5 L78>K; E 5 Wz;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$3RW W)]+: 5 ; 5 C;$. +78+eLS+i]3Y%R 5 5 7G 5
; 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W)'eM 5%EGE RP E 7 5 ;RS E ;$ E 78.:8 E W<>;$Ke%:G E NY=kI+e+' E ;$: 5 +e E ( E :G78R$p
:GR78 E ;$^78+t:8'S>T 5 V E 5 M'9 Ek5 R 5 P 5 e E CZ^Wg$+W<M 53E .W<M' E 7G+:G'78; 5 ; 5%E +g >W<M 5%E
; 5 7G7G 5 I1 4`4 ]bW 5%E :878; 5 E >R'7NCF=+M'VPM']+W ;i7 5 ;$RS+T 5 7 5 78'W)>e%:Gb;$.:8V
E8EG5 + 5 R$p E `$;$' 5 %I1VY%R]^g$>+R$:8; 5 Y%ReL; 5b5 5 7G78 5 + E W<>e: 5 ;>e:878;V 5 W
RWi7G:G;7 5 ;$RS>T 5 C2= 5 + E5 V 5 eT 5 pX:G+78W<.eLM v 973]}R$:8.M''_>; 5 5 W 5,E W3 5 M 5
z#C3eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM
'e'+'MZ7Ui78> 5 e9N+7 RWiM''eR>W 5 7GWi;i 5 7J78 E ;$
$ ) 5 e EG5 W<RW VtU9W+R7 E '1IW<+e%:GV+ E5i5 7GIg$'W 5#EG W3 5 M 5 ;
+e%:878; E *vRW 5 R$:87 5 V@;$> 5 E Vd 5 e E5 W< 5 -Y%R}+ E 5 W 5 C^M']+W ; E8E5 V 5
W<]: 5 ; 5 +7GK; 5 7U#78> 5 e9>>7 5 eT 5 p{:8+78W<.eM78: 5 78eiRW 1IM 5 7 'e%:G>.7 5 Y%R)]<.e+7G+p
W<+e%:8; 5 +;7G+: 5 78e 5 ;}U9W<;C#= 5} eM{V:G+W)p E ieLU9Wi;zWi E +g%:8+78e 5
XH
e W<+7 5 : 5 :UMB;$J7G E 7GN 5 e9>+'; 5E C
]\cba [XTX7S
U
b[7S`\X[XS

`\X[7SX=^&S`Q_=a d7^`_7i ' \
& iS_f1Z3\7SZ)TXd:b[7S7h[
Q_h=_&]7_7hi\=[_iSb[7b=i `\X[7S

b[7S^S`Q_=a d^`_i ' U
b[7S[_iS7_=Ea `\X[7S7 |

a b [_iS7_=Ea `\X[7S7=7^&S`Q_&a d^`_i ' b
d_S=7d=[X[_iS_&Ea `\=[7S

$;$' 5 E8EG5 +'; 5 JE 7 5 ;$RS E 5 ;$>W E >7<L>W W< E 5 W<M'g 5E C fZ5 ;p E }7Gp
SXd W`^&Sc`Q
>D7? HHD o C E p
Wi_>+e7 5 1M 5 7; 5%E : 5 >e E 78> 5 e9NK; 5E b 5 ;$+p E :8+7 :G]bW< E W 5 M 5 5E
5 W 5 +W%I1IC= 5 g$+W<M 5 E >R'7>VP E 7 5 ;RS E ; 5 eLT 5 pX:G>7GW<'eM
S=d
:A6cD% :o D&NO?
:8T 5 ;$>e%:G7 5 ;$RW Vd;$zW 5 ; 5 Y%R E M.RW+787 5&E 'e:U:8' 5&5 5 7G78+7RWi+g$+>S>T 5
]3MKeS>;% V 5 M 5 5 ; 5 `^&S`Qz]b+g NR$:U; 5 VP 5 W EGEG5 Vt 5 ;$+p E b'W)p
M'+W<+e%:U7bM'RW< E :878:G]+'};$i78>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;i+787 5%E C#= 5 5 Wie; 5 d_S=7d=[yVB;$+e%:G7 5
; 5 SXd V E 'e$ 5 78WiS E 5 M'9'; E e 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5iE T 5 R$:8.M''_>; E 7U3+7GK7FRW e<;)781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+C
_&S&Q\=a $ _`&h ^ \=aX_f:_S=Q\=aXaX_`&h _`\]7_d _&S S=Q7d\Y:i &^ di_ \ `_T7S:b\[ U

\&7_[S } [XhXh|
S ~ [XhXh
b[7S |
_&S&Q\=a \&a ^ \=aX_f[=chXh

i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/
!0/"+
i i
/ % àà BZ)*à@*<a

SXd
S } ^ R S } & ^ R#S } Q$ M^
a M ] b ] 7X =
S ~ Q$ M^ ff:_&S=Q\&a&g\=a
d7_&S=7d=[[_Y7_&S=Q\=a $ _`&h ^ \=a7_ S } leS ~ f

`^&Sc`Q ^&di_ `_T7S:b\[_

`\[:if:_ [XS:bh O,_ f_&S=Q\=a=a7_`&h
d_&S=Xd=[[_Y_&S=Q\=a $ _`h ^ \=a7_ S } #eS ~ ,f

%I1I 4`4 nPLg
] 1+M[:8W3t]+W 5 5 78eN+7J;$'1>7 EG5E 78RW<+e%: 5E 7U#R E : 5 W<._N7 5
\ "\ ^
eLM' E ; 5 7 E .e%:U:GK 5 C? E8E E 78RW<>e: 5E 5 ;$>W E >7Z E8E ; 5E 7U 5 %I1I 4`4 5 eM. E 7
7UWi:GK+ 5 RQe 5 'e + 5 ; 5 7G78 5 7UY%R.1 5 ;7UWi:8'>V@e RWi E E8E T 5 C
k*vW 5E M'Re E g$+W<M 5E

AZ j
?@ eBk E :Ut+M'> 5 1M 5 7aM 5 LMB;$JM 5%5 9N; 5 W 5
n
m

mD Dal 4
7 5%E
:G78RIIM E b.eL;$'>
E :8:GK 5%E5 ReLT 5 C 465 W
E 5 eM' E ; 5 7
RWi-MK E8E ieT 5
E .e%:8:GK 5 +7U; 5 :G>78
E :8:GK+V 5 ;$+W)p E 78'73;$'1+7 E E
E +R E W)>W)p
'e E :8eK E ; 5 eM' E ; 5 7 E 'e%:8:GK 5 m

? n V Re:G 785 ReLNW<+M e%E : i5 '; e5 ;$K+eL EM' zE ;; +5 17 E E 'e>73:U:8+' 7U5 VB; 5 5 +W $5 ;$.W< 5 ]: Y%5 R; 5E >W<U9H:8 p
f c m ?@c
W<>e E
>e EJE5 7G 5
Wi; 5E eT 5 pX:G>7GW<'e E 78> 5 e9>K; 5%E m
? n V D J?6=WV^s =^(?@c :G78RIIM E K;$>W78 5 eM. E ; 5 76M']g$K 5 m

= l 4 ( ?XV l = f D :87GRINM E 'e;$K+ E 5 eM. E ; 5 7#M.]+g$' 5 ;$+1-+.:87
+$;$. 5 êK 5 ;$&m
XV
XH E RMK E C
l J=J(c`? 4 m ? :G78RNM E [.e;'> E ;$+1 'e 5 787F E ;$H >7G>eS+ E +e%:G78 M':878 E

Wi LH E RM' E W)'e
?kg$ E :G>W:UW3t]+W7 5 7UWi E Y%RV:G7UM.9e; 5 5 W 5 %I1 4`4 VRg 'M''We +7US>T 5

;)781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'>3J; E MK E8E E Y%R(_>+W E 1 E .:8 E 5E e E ;$ E8E )781 5 7GCZ7G7G 5
%I1I 4`4 5E8E R 5 % D 78+C[?dM']^RW 7G]+pX7 5 EGE ; 5 7L7U 5 7UY%R.1 5 ;7UWi:GK+i E +W
$;$' 5 J
E8EG5 +'; 5 E 7 5 ;$RLS E Y%Ra'e E +78 5 $;$' 5 e>+ E8E 7G 5 L7U (78'S+T 5 ;(781 5 7G
E .e%:8:GK+CZ7G E RM.:8; 5 ]`RW78Y%R'1 5 Y%R^;$>1V+e%:8T 5 V E +7k7 5 EGE ; 5 t+M 5 I1 4`4 C f[5 7
W<+ 5 ;$J>7:U E e 5 :8S E e 5 7UY%R'1 55 78''eMXV7 5 EGE ; 5 L>M 5 D 7G>V 5 7 5 7UWi; 5 7
5 ;V;$b++7G: 5 W 5 ; 5 V+R E : 5 W<'_>7`<78KS+T 5 ;)7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+C
R$:G7 5 7 5 78Wi6L78>K; 5 ] 5 D`n %I1> D 78+ n R'MK;$+7 C?dM.6:8W3t]+W78]pr7 5 + E8E
z7UWi:8'>i>78e; 5 RW 7UY%R.1 5 Y%R<;$+1 E +7(:878:8; 5 t+M 5 %I1 4`4 iY%R) 5 e%:G]>W 5
$;$' 5 7U#78KS+T 5 ;7G1 5 78 E 'e%:8:8'>C(^M']+W;$ EGEG5 Vt>78# E +M' EGE E 5 7878 E 5 e;$+e%:8 E
5%E e E ;781 5 7G E 'e%:8:8'><RWi E ]>7G'<;$iMK E8E E Y%R<'W<M.>W<+e%:8 5 ;$7UT 5
78 E Jt+7U 5 7G78+7`<781 5 7GC
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/ /
!0/"No
i i
TS
@ + @
1 xUG b` / /
c` E RW<'e; 5 V 5 %I1 4`4 P

]#RWi} >7G7UW<+e%:U} E :8e:8i 5 ;$>7 5%E V Lg 1+M6Vk 5 W RW
5 R 5 ;$7U:8'>VF+.M(;$R$:G'M'._N7NC M.]>W ; E8E5 V E >R2+g :G+e E5 R E5 t+MK 5 W3Re';;$
:G>W ;$ E 5 e''M.'_>; 5 ;$'1>7 E E 'M.K;;$ E g :G7U E V 5 W 5 +787UW<+e%:8 E 78Wi:GK+ E VYR 5
: 5 7GeLW.e;0Wi E :G7U:G'1 5 C
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/ ,
!0/">
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/ o
!0/"Iq
i i
Apndice C
Jasmin
E W<'e%I1I EGE +W0M'+7 l e%:G>7IZ]^RW 7 5 7UWiJY%R^t+78W<H:8b78KS+T 5 ;RW7Gp
Y%R'1 5 ;$@+M' EGE kI1aa7G:G'7;$kRW78Y%R'1 5 :G+g : 5 VNe 5 E :8.M 5 ;$kRWW 5 e%:8; 5 7y78a78Y%R.p
:G+:GR7U E :G7U;$K 5 eL E Cy?dM'a 5 W<e9L 5 M.'1 7 5 I1a'7G:GRMsU9.e@;$6 5 ebs+>7 D 7 5
5 ~è.eV%RM''>; 5 c`+'M.M'Q7SXS=TVU6WXWYXYXYZ6\&d_cbhXh Z`\f:W`^&SX^7h&\W&X^]^]fPCy
t+MK)
E H:8&; 5 7 5 v*+: 5 % E W<.eVa;
5 eL;$ 5 7G+:G'78;,,Wi 5 77G:G&; E 'e$ 5 7GWiS E ;$ E :8
+ :GRM 5 ]Y=YXYVZ`^SZ)[ Z6_=a&Wf_ _dWXî
fb'[yC
E W<'e 5%EGE RRWi E 'e%:8g E 'W<M. E Y%R37G

P :83;$'7G+:8W<>e:83#Wi 5 7GKi; 5E :87G.p
R$: 5E ;$RW78Y%R'1 5 ; MK E8E CZs E W 5 E8E 'W ]RWi >7G7UW<>e:U P g 1>ML(YR^g$'W) 5
7 5 78W<; 5 7k;(:U78b;` 5 78Wi:87k+7U7d; 5 78Y%R'1 5 ;$ MK E8E C?dM'`:UW3t]+WeT 5 +p
:GRLiW3R.:8 E U9N++e EÈG5 7G 5 + ;. 5 W 5 e%:8; 5 V E +e; 5 5%EGEG 1+My+7U78+W)p E MK E8E E Y%R
eT 50E +7UT 5 +.:8 E t+MK0 sC fZ5 76+g >W<M 5 V +M'eT 5 I
+:GR) 5 e E E : >eK E g :G>7Ge E 5 W 5
1>7G >7 E 5 R$:G7U E MK E8E E V7G+ +78+e+'; E e3+M' EGE E +e; 5 >78;V7GNM'W<+e%:G g$ E :G>W 5 R
E :8T 5 ;$ E 5 e 1+ E Cs E W 5 I
5 e E E : +e+' E 'e%:G+78e E 5 W 5 1>7G >7 E RWi'e E :87GRLS+T 5 ]
E +W<78bMK+eLS+;) 5 Wi'M.9<eLiW< E W<iMH:8R7U0uz+7U:G>7 KE :8'>)7GNYR+78';)t+MK# s
uzeT 5E T 5 +:GR; E C fZ5 7 5 R$:87 5 MK; 5 VP 5 e9>++e; 5 p E RW 5 R 5#5 5 78Wi: 5 ; 5 78Y%R'1 5
;$(MK E8E `( E 'e E :G78RS E ;$ sV]^ 5E8EG 1+M'eKK7Gp E `'W)N;$K:8W<+e%:GêLb7 5 78W<S+T 5
5 W 5 E W<'ezg$t+78.W<+e%:U73 EbE RL E Wi E ;$.1+7 E E +78 :G>7 KE :GK+ E V 5 W 5 W<]: 5 ; 5E V
178'I1+ E V E R7 5 :G'e E V$+g$+>S E :8C
5 _++7 5 ; 5 ~èM 5 ;i; 5 E W<'eBV 5 M'+.: 5 7 5 :G]+W RW78Y%R'1 5 5 W< :U; 5 5 W :GRL; 5
;$>e:87 5 VL+g$>R:8I1> E V 5 e%:GVtg$>W)M 5%E :UC n E :8i;$ E 5 W<:87^:8M78Y%R'1 5 0.e+M.R.7 5
+e
2
E +R E RP;$'7G+:G78 5 5 >W<.e9 5 ; R E >3;$(7 5 7UWi E ; 5)E >R E E :G>W< 5 t+7U+ 5 eML
Y%R E I67 5 e%: 5 C R E ( 5 78Y%R 5 7 5 7UWi]J E +7G.: 5 +WI1b;$>L>e;$b;$JRWi< s
780g$>+R$:8pXM 5 C
f 7U)_+>7^ ReL 5 e7 5 % E W)'eBVRW<#1+_3.e E +78K; 5 e 5 >W<.e9 5 ;$bt E Y%R E #;$37 5 p

7UWi E V E :U3+g NR$:U7
Xî
fb'[f bh&_eZ6Xî
5 WieL; 5 8
!0]VeLz1+7U;;VyRW7UYR.1 5 ;$ E 78'$:bYR)'e 1 5 + s 5 W
5E ;$+1 K; 5E 7GRW<+e%: 5%E 7Ug$>+R$:87,MK E8E
8 !0!L 7 5 EGE 7 5 78Y%R'1 5
/ o
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/
!0/">
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
;$ E v; 5 C? E8E E +7G'$:Z1>W>W; 5 E E 5 78 E UCBW\7U E +7g$>+R$:8; 5 e 5 =

m 'e; 5 ~
5 R:G7 5 L7U E +7d+g$>R:8; 5 t+M 5 7$te 5 M'.e R$g 5 R m Ret m 5 RiY%RMKY%R+7 5 R:G7 5JE E :8+Wi
Y%R E R 5 7:8 5 W3'+e%:8J%I13 5 7 $C
?dW:G>7GW 5E ;$78RW)>e%: 5E ]#:8W0L]>W L E :8e%:8 E 'W<M. E 5 R E R7G 5 5 ;$t+e E
5 78eN+7`Y%RM 5 ;$.78:878 5 +WYR 5 78Y%R'1 5 ;$MK E8E J;+1 E +7`+7U; 5 C fZ5 7a+g >W<M 5
Xî
fb'[a Z=ZW`&h=îXi_if bh&_eZ6
1k 5 M 5 >7 5 7UY%R'1 5 ;$ E ;;$>e%:G7 5 ; 5 ;$'7G+:G78 5 Q:
L
UV[78 E L>H:Ue; 5z5 ;$'78:G7G 5
Y%R78+7G E >e:U 5 5 :Gz;&MK E8E #>78;C fZ5 73g$>W)M 5 V E &MK E8E E +7)>78;}]
!l9&&&
=Lb|L V>e%:8T 5(5 7UY%R.1 5 ; E ; nb|L E +7U78I1; 5 e 5 ;$'78:G7G 5
Q:
L
Qc!l9&&&
= C
E 5 WieL; 5E e RW 5 e%:G E W<'e E T 5 ;$'1 ';$K; 5%E +W :87I E +:G+ 5 78' E

;.78:8.1 E m

'e E :G78RS E m
78:8RM 5E C

E ;$'78:G'1 E 5 78eN+W 'e$ 5 7GWiS EFE5 7G(0+M' EGE V e>W E >W<7G(78+MK 5 eL; E 5 W 5
$;$' 5 7 5 7GKW<>e:8^;$.: 5 Ck ;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$ RWib;$'7G+:G'1.e'+'p E E +W<78 5 W 5 e 5 W<
;b;.78:8.1 E +R'; 5 ;^_+>7 55 R)Wi E 78RW<+e%: 5E C E ;$'7G+:G'1I E ++.:8 E L>M 5 E W<'e E T 5
C +:UU9 C MK E8E C +e; C +MK;

C 'W<M'+W<+e%: E C .e%:G>7 C M.'W<H: C M'.e
C W<:89 5 ; C E5 R7U C E RL>7 C :G97 5 ~ E
C 17
k*vW 5%E M'Re E g$+W<M 5E
Z`h=îXif T^`^_7W h=î&i

ZiXT_&dX^]^7WXh=^[7W \ gX_`S
? E8E E ;$R E ;$'7G+:G'1I EbE T 5 R$:G'M'._N; E RWi}1+_i>W>;}78Y%R'1 5 # E t> >W}V78 E p
t> :8.1W)>e%:GV 5 e 5 W<; 5 7UY%R.1 5 MK E8E E +7`+7U; 5 bYRLMB E RL E Rt+7UMK E8E C
ZGf_&S=Q\=aT=Xgchb=`f _&S=Q\=a a =^&]^7W7S:bh=W!_7`S\d

Z6_[af:_&S=Q\&a
? E :8 E ;R E ;$'78:G'1 E<E T 5 R$:G'M.'_>; E >W 7G E VdL7U&Wi7U+7 5 'e 5 5- eM^;
;$NMK7US+T 5 ;$FRWW<]: 5 ; 5 C278'W)>.7U^;$ eVM']+W; 5 e 5 W<a; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 5 V E >R E :G78'R$: 5%E
J E8E 'e:8R7UC D R; 505 Y%RJ1%'+7a>e:87G( E8E E ;$.78:8.1 E ;._(7G E t+.: 5 5 W<]: 5 ; 5 V$ 5 W 5 V 5 7
g$>W)M 5 V E ;$'7G+:G'1 E
ZhbfbSiS7^` }
ZhbfbSh=\`^7hi
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/ %q-
!0/">
i i
YS
^ @ + @ xCU * / %q
Y%RiK;$+e%:G >W 5 XH
e W<>7 5 Wig$'W 5 ;$i 5E KS E ;}.M'9;$i+g NRS>T 5 5 XH
e W<+7 5 ;$
178'I1+ E M 5 > E Y%R 5 W<]+: 5 ; 5 R$:8.M''_>CZ?dW7:8'+RMK7NV;$>e:87 5 ;RWW<]: 5 ; 5 V78>+ 5
E +Re; 5 :G' 5 ;$` 5 Wie; 5 Y%R E T 5 E 'e E :87GRLS E C?@M' E E L>M.9W E 'e E :G78RS E ; eK; E
78-(s,CZ E >Y=kI>eK>WY%R E .e E :87GRS E 7GN+We 5 7UYR.1 5 pX 5 e%:G#% E W<.e
P
78 +:Gi E >Y =kI>eK}Y%Ri E .e E :87GRS EE +7UT 5 +7U; E e 5 7G7UI;$< :8 E ; 5 78Y%R'1 5 ;$
MK E8E C E e 5 W) E +.: 5%E t+M 5 % E W<.e E T 5 Y%R>M. E R$:8.M'._N; 5%E eL&;$ eKS+T 5 ;& sV
E8E .W 5 W 5)5E 78W)+:G7 5E Y%R+;).e E :G78RS>T 5 5 ;$b+.:87>CZ?kg$>W)M 5%E ;$.e E :87GRS E
h ac` `_7hXh=\d_\&dh&a
b=b[:` } }
g:bTX:iQ }
? 5 HMH:8.W 5 :G' 5 ;$ 5 WieL; 5 ++.: 5-E T 5&5E 78:8RM 5E C?dM' E)E T 5 :8W3t]+WR$:G'M'._N; 5%E
E +W<78@;$+e%:87 5 ;$@W)]+: 5 ; 5%E E +781>W78aK;$+e%:8 >7 5 e: 5E E t> H 5E ;$ E M 5 +W)>e%: 5E
;$>e:87 5 ; 5 7G7UIi;$ :8 E Y%R 5 W< b+;0W)]+: 5 ; 5 C f[5 7`g$+W<M 5
hac` `_7hXh=\d_\&dh&a
a ^g_7h } U
b=b[:` } }
g:bTX:iQ }
=^ E :8> EG5 V 5 7G:GRM 5 a ^g_Xh } U0K;$>e:8 + 5 ;$ E M 5 +W<>e: 5 ;$>e:87 5 ; 5 7G7UI;- %:G E
; 5 W)]+: 5 ; 55 e; E z'eKK 5 $;$' 5 ;-'e E :87GRLS+T 5 +C E 78:8RM 5E3E T 5 H$:G> E Y%Re; 5
R$:8.M'._N; 5%E V$ 5 7`+g$+W<M 5 V 5 W 5 M.1 5 ;b 5 Wie; 5E ;$b; E 1% 5 5 W 5
b7_ a ^g_7h }
h ac`
h=\=X[aX\
7\&S\ a ^g_7h ~
a ^g_7h } U
hac` `_7hXh=\d_\&dh&a
a ^g_7h ~ U
^d_&S=7d&[
'1>7 E EF5 R$:G7U E >7U :8+7 ' E G
: K+ E 5 ;$+W E >7`;$ e'; E 78)<MK E8E V 5 W 5
EGE8EG5 +'S+T 5 ;RWe W<+7 5 XH ;$ M.'e90; 5 $;$' 5 p{ 5 e%:G 5 W RWM 5 5 ;$ .e E :G78RS E
5 7W)> 5 ;<;$'78:G'1 Z6hb[_cm
; eKS+T 5 ;$0RW e 5 W<07UiRWii178KI1+MM 5 +Me RW;$+:G>7GW<'e; 5 :G78>U9 5 ; 5 p

;. 5 V$ 5 7`W<+ 5 ;<;$'7G+:G'1I Z ]^&dm
; eKS+T 5 ;$#RWi;$+:G>7GW<'e;}'e E :G78RS+T 5 5 W 5 RW 8= 9XG$ XL
78};$+p
:8+78W<.e; 5 M 5 5 ;$b$;$' 5 5 7^W<+ 5 ;<;$.78:8.1 (`^&Sc`QyC
E8E 'W}V 5 % E W<.e] RWi0 +787UW<+e%:8b E :8e:8 'e%:G>7G EGE e%:G 78> 5 W<+e;p E (bM'+.:GR7U
Wi E +R';; 5%E #;; 5 RW)>e%:8S>T 5 e 5E .:G); 5 7 5 v*: 5 C^?kg$ E :8+W 'e;M'RWi E5 R$:878 E
+787UW<+e%:8 E YR` 5 ;$>W'e:8+7U.7d 5 W 5 % E W<.eBCO 5 + EG5 V 5 7dg$+W<M 5 V; 5 |L7
i i
i i
i i
+
%&

-/
!0/%
i i
/ àà BZ)*à@*<a
Y%R<]iRW ; E E8E >W3M'+7;$#78Y%R'1 5%E ;#MK E8E C)?@M.i 5 ;$i7 5 ;R_+'7b7UY%R.1 5E :G+g%: 5 Ve 5
5 78Wi: 5 ;$ eK; 5 t+M 5 % E W<.eVP7G:G'7J;$0RW 7UYR.1 5 ;$<MK E8E C |L7 } 5 ;$
E +7`+eL 5 e%:878; 5 >W;$'1>7 EG5EaE H:8 E ;$b; 5 ~èM 5 ;#78:G E e l e%:G+78e+:>V 5 W 5 V$ 5 7`g$>W)M 5 C
Q7SXS&TVUWXWY=YXYVZ)T\dXS^Xh&=^&]XêZ`\fC
i i
i i

Como Construir Um Compilador Utilizando Ferramentas Java PDF

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Como Construir Um Compilador Utilizando Ferramentas Java PDF

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

i i

465  78.9:   <;<= 5 1:8>(?@;$.: 5 78<AB:8;C

?@;$.: 5 7>dc^RL>e E`f 7U:8 E

lm$n =bLoIpqo  pr %ooIpU"

"C'"YR _JRW 5 W<'M'; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "

"C E  5 W< 5 e+e%:G E ;$RW 5 W<'MK; 5 7CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

"C $C'" eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

"C $C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

"C $C / eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:GK 5 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

"C $C  \+7U; 5 7a;$b$;$' 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

"C / I1 4`4  5 % E W<.e C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q

$C (7UWi:8'>3M'.1 78;$b 5 e:8g : 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC ""

$C / j 5 7GWi<;$ n U R E pw=R7C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "N

$C  n =j7U0<M''eR>W CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "No

/C'"^R:GWi: 5EF eH: 5E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/%q

/C ?kg$78 E8E  E 7G>RMK78 E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

/C / eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 ;)M.'eRL>W CJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q

/Coc`NRt+7US>T 5 ;$+787 5%E M.]+g K 5%E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

/C  ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

1  àà Z0*à d*<a

C'"^eLM' E  E 'e%:8:GK+);$ E >e;$+e%:87GNR7 E '1QCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"

C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 ;)M'.eR+W CC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

o$C'"W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

o$C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;078>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$>7G7 5E CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

o$C / ^M'RW< E  5%EGEG 1+ E W<+M'9 5 78K E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N %q

o$C  ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ""Iq

C'"YR(]b<7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I /

C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;)7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I o

C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q

q C'"?kg$''S>T 5 ;i7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+\CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

q C'"C'" =RW<+7US+T 5 ; 5E e E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"qI

q C'"C ?kg$'KS+T 5 ; 5%E e E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

q C R$:878 Ea5 t+7US  E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N"

q C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C'" f 7U<YR E +781CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"No

C :8L>M'i; EG W3 5 M 5E 78 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q

C'"^eLM' E  E >Wie%:GK+0+W E  E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C ^eLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$b+M' EGE  E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

C / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC  /

C  7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC  

Co^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC  

"> C.",^eLM' E b;)9'+7U7UYR');$MK E8E  E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC  

"> C 2^eLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178KI1+ E (W<]+: 5 ; 5E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "N

"> C /7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC ">

"> C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC ">

""C." 4 9N++W;J:G' 5%E CJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC $"

""C 2^eLM' E b; E ;>MK7US  E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

""C /Q^eLM' E b; 5E  5 WieL; 5E C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /o

""C ^eLM' E b;$Jg$78 E8E  E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

""C o2^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5  5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC o

"N C.",\sYR.e) .7G:GRMBI1\CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "

"N C E8E >W3M'+7a78<%I1I#C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC o

"N C / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC %q

"N C /C."(>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78 5E  5 WieL; 5E C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC %qq

"N C /C (>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78) E +g$7G EGEG  E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

"N C /C /M.RWi E 78 E :G78'S  E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

"N C 7GRe%:8.W< CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

"N C 2?kg$+W<M 5E CJCCCJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC 

1 .' àà(BZ)*à d*<a

"C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC o

/C'" E T 5 ;$RWjZ 5 W 5 RW<)WiY%R'eCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/

/C '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

C'" 4 9W<; E ; 5 m 7U E e.e9; 5%E CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

465 78.9: <;<= 5 1:8>(?@;$.: 5 78<AB:8;C

?@;$.: 5 7>dc^RL>e E`f 7U:8 E

lm$n =bLoIpqopr %ooIpU"

"C'"YR _JRW 5 W<'M'; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "

"C E 5 W< 5 e+e%:G E ;$RW 5 W<'MK; 5 7CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

"C$C'" eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

"C$C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"C$C / eM. E ; 5 7 E +Wie%:GK 5 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"C$C \+7U; 5 7a;$b$;$' 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"C / I1 4`4 5 % E W<.e C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q

$C (7UWi:8'>3M'.1 78;$b 5 e:8g : 5 CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC ""

$C / j 5 7GWi<;$ n U R E pw=R7C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "N

$C n =j7U0<M''eR>W CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC "No

/C'"^R:GWi: 5EF eH: 5E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/%q

/C?kg$78 E8E E 7G>RMK78 E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

/C / eM. E ; 5 7FM']g$' 5 ;)M.'eRL>W CJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC q

/Coc`NRt+7US>T 5 ;$+787 5%E M.]+g K 5%E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

/C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

1 àà Z0àd<a

C'"^eLM' E E 'e%:8:GK+);$ E >e;$+e%:87GNR7 E '1QCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"

C eM. E ; 5 7 E .e%:8:GK 5 ;)M'.eR+W CC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

o$C'"W)]+: 5 ; 5 ;$78 E8E 'e+7 5 e._NS>T 5 CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

o$C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;078>+Rt+7US+T 5 ;$>7G7 5E CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

o$C / ^M'RW< E 5%EGEG 1+ E W<+M'9 5 78K E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N %q

o$C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ""Iq

C'"YR(]b<7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I/

C l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 ;)7G1 5 78 E .e%:U:GK+CJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io

C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q

q C'"?kg$''S>T 5 ;i7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+\CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

q C'"C'" =RW<+7US+T 5 ; 5E e E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"qI

q C'"C ?kg$'KS+T 5 ; 5%E e E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

q C R$:878 Ea5 t+7US E CCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N"

q C / ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C'" f 7U<YR E +781CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"No

C:8L>M'i; EG W3 5 M 5E 78 CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N%q

C'"^eLM' E E >Wie%:GK+0+W E E CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C^eLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$b+M' EGE E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

C / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC /

C 7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

Co^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"> C.",^eLM' E b;)9'+7U7UYR');$MK E8E E CJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"> C 2^eLM' E b;<;$>+M'78S+T 5 ;$178KI1+ E (W<]+: 5 ; 5E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"N

"> C /7 5 7UWi78'e'MC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC">

"> C ^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC">

""C." 4 9N++W;J:G' 5%E CJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC$"

""C 2^eLM' E b; E ;>MK7US E CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

""C /Q^eLM' E b; 5E 5 WieL; 5E C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/o

""C ^eLM' E b;$Jg$78 E8E E CC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

""C o2^7UY%R'1 5E pX 5 e%:GJ; 5 5 W).MK; 5 7CCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

"NC.",\sYR.e) .7G:GRMBI1\CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC"

"NC E8E >W3M'+7a78<%I1I#C(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCo

"NC / l W<M'+W<+e%:8S+T 5 CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%q

"NC /C."(>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78 5E 5 WieL; 5E C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC%qq

"NC /C (>78S+T 5 ;$b$;$' 5 78) E +g$7G EGEG E CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/

"NC /C /M.RWi E 78 E :G78'S E CCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"NC 7GRe%:8.W< CJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

"NC 2?kg$+W<M 5E CJCCCJCCJCC(CCCJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

1 .' àà(BZ)àd<a

"C?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC o

/C'" E T 5 ;$RWjZ 5 W 5 RW<)WiY%R'eCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC/

/C '7UWi0;J:G7Ue E 'S>T 5 ;$J E :8; 5 7U CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

C'" 4 9W<; E ; 5 m 7U E e.e9; 5%E CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+C%CJCCJCCJCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"I

C?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+) E :G7U:UCCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io

C /?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

Co?k:U E ;< 5 e E :87GRLS+T 5 ;<781 5 7G E 'e%:8:GK+CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/

C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

C ?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U!"

C'"+Q?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U

C'"No?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U ){CCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"Io

C'"Iq?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U7!#89: C C(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/

C'">2?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+07U<)g$78 E8E T 5 CCCC2"No

q C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$b7G1 5 78 E .e%:8:GK+0e RW<+7U;CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"q "

C'"?kg$+W<M 5 ;$RWi) E :G78R$:8R78<; 5 :8. 5;=<>@?AB:CD CbCCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C /?kg$+W<M 5 ;$RWi0:8L>M'<;$ EG W3 5 M 5E C#CCJCCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N

C E^781 5 7G E .e%:8:GK+)78,

C c`>7G E >e%:8S>T 5 ;).W<M'+W<>e:US>T 5 ;$ ;=<>@?AB:CD CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCCQ"N/

C l e E +7US+T 5 ;$b+M' EGE (e):8L>M'<;$ EG W0 5 M 5%E C6CCC(CCJCCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC

""C."?kg$+W<M 5 ;$bU9N++W;J:G' 5%E 7U0 5 WieL; 5 UC CCJCCCJCCJCC(CCC