INGLÊS

Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

SUMÁRIO

VERB SIMPLE PRESENT_________________________________________________________ 3

FORMAÇÃO DO “SIMPLE PRESENT” ___________________________________________ 3
VERBOS QUE SÃO SEMPRE USADOS NO “SIMPLE PRESENT” _______________________ 5
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE ______________________________________________________ 7
TEXT COMPREHENSION _______________________________________________________ 13
GABARITO__________________________________________________________________ 13

2
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

VERBO NO SIMPLE PRESENT

VERB SIMPLE PRESENT
O “Simple Present” é usado para ações que praticamos no dia a dia, habituais. Nesse caso, a frase vem sempre acompanhada por
um advérbio de frequência.

Usado também para indicar fatos reais, uma verdade universal, ações no futuro e narrativas. Nas terceiras pessoas do singular, na
forma afirmativa, acrescentamos –S, -ES ou IES, sufixos que variam de acordo com a terminação do verbo. Veremos isto mais
adiante. Nas formas interrogativas e negativas usamos os auxiliares “Does” para as terceiras pessoas e “Do” para as demais, e os
verbos permanecem na forma do infinitivo.

A CONJUGAÇÃO DO SIMPLE PRESENT É:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I like (Eu gosto) I don’t (do not) like Do I like?

You like (Você gosta) You don’t (do not) like Do you like?

He likes (Ele gosta) He doesn’t (does not) like Does He like?

She likes (Ela gosta) She doesn’t (does not) like Does she like?

It likes (Ele/Ela gosta) It doesn’t (does not) like Does it like?

We like (Nós gostamos) We don’t (do not) like Does we like?

You like (Vocês gostam) You don’t (do not) like Do you like?

They like (Eles gostam) They don’t (do not) like Do they like?

FORMAÇÃO DO SIMPLE PRESENT

The students always play soccer in the morning.

Verbo
Adv de
Sujeito Principal
Complemento

3
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

O “Simple Present” é usado para ações rotineiras, habituais ou indicando costume.

Nesse caso, a frase vem sempre acompanhada por um advérbio de frequência.

Ex:

Mary always cooks for her husband.

The engineer never works overtime.

Do you always read the newspaper at night?

Quando estabelece um fato, uma verdade universal, uma informação científica.

Ex:

The earth goes round the sun.

Brazilian people drink more beer than Americans.

She loves David.

Numa narrativa quando descreve características regulares de uma pessoa ou coisa.

Ex:

I live in a small town on the south coast. I work at home, but I often go abroad on business. I have two children, one is still at school
and the other goes to college. Is peak French and Spanish, and I know a bit of German. I don’t like sports but I enjoy the open air.
I don’t smoke, but I drink a lot of beer.

Quando se estabelece uma opinião.

Ex:

She thinks Paris is better than New York to live.

In my opinion, Pepsi Twist is tastier than Coke Lemon.

They believe they will succeed at that company.

Descrevendo um evento que acontecerá no futuro, geralmente com hora e ou data oficial.

Ex:

There is a plane to São Paulo from Rio every half hour. The next leaves at 3:30 pm.

The show starts at 8 o’clock sharp tonight.

The meeting begins late at night tomorrow.

4
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

VERBOS QUE SÃO SEMPRE USADOS NO SIMPLE PRESENT

Opinions: assume, believe, consider, feel, think, find, suggest, suppose.

Mental states: expect, forget, imagine, know, mean, notice, remember, understand

Emotions/Feeling: care, envy, fear, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, regret, want, wish, detest.

Possession: belong to, have, hold, own, possess.

Measure/Relation: contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh, fit, carry

Perception: touch, see, hear, smell

Others: apply for, depend on, deserve, differ, exist, interest, look (resemble)

Nota: Alguns desses verbos podem ser usados no “Present Continuous” quando estiverem exercendo a função de ação (action)
no contexto. Veja a diferença:

Ex:

She considers her father a love able person.( opinião dela em relação ao seu pai, usa o Simple Present )

She is considering her father’s proposal in her room.( neste caso ela está pensando sobre o problema “action”, usa o Present
Continuous.

Todos os verbos no “Simple Present” são acrescidos de um –S na 3ª pessoa do singular (he, she, it e suas equivalentes ).

Ex:

love loves

take takes

think thinks

Verbos terminados em –CH, -O, -SH, -SS, -X e –Z recebem a terminação –ES.

Ex:

catch catches

go goes

slash slashes

miss misses

mix mixes

buzz buzzes

5
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

Verbos terminados em –Y precedido de consoante substituem o –Y por –IES.

Ex:

carry carries

copy copies

study studies

worry worries

Verbos terminados em –Y precedido de vogal recebem a terminação –S, normalmente.

Ex:

enjoy enjoys

stay stays

play plays

buy buys

Nota: Os auxiliares “do” e “does” são usados em frases afirmativas para indicar ênfases, sempre concordando com o sujeito da
oração.

Ex:

I do love chocolate.

She does think Miami is the best place to live in The USA.

6
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

1. (EFOMM) John normally _____ a drink before meals, but now he ____ a tomato juice.
a) has, is having
b) is having, has
c) have, is having
d) is having, have
e) had, have

2. (EFOMM) Every time she ____ to school she says “hello” to her friends and ____ to her classroom.
a) get, go
b) got, goes
c) gets, goes
d) has got, have gone
e) will get, had gone

3. (EFOMM) The children usually ____ in the afternoon, but today they ____ in the garden.
a) studies, are playing
b) are studying, play
c) study, plays
d) study, are playing
e) studies, is playing

4. (UFSC) He ____ “The Times” now, but on Sundays he ____ “The Observer”.
a) is reading, reads
b) read, reads
c) reads, read
d) to read, is reading
e) are reading, reads

5. (EPCAR) John is a good student, so he ____ to school every day.

a) go
b) to go
c) come
d) goes

7
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

6. (ESC. NAVAL) Water ____ at 100 degrees Centigrade.

a) boil
b) boils
c) to boil
d) boiling
e) are boiling

7. (UNITAU) Mom often ____ when we ____ a joke.

a) laugh, tell
b) laughs, tell
c) laughs, tells
d) laughes, tell
e) laugh, tells

8. (FUVEST) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase:

“Every time she ________ to school she _________“hi” to her friends and ________ to her classroom.
a) come / says / go
b) comes / say / goes
c) comes / says / goes
d) is coming / is saying / is going
e) is coming / say / goes

9. (UEMG) A alternativa que completa corretamente a frase:

“I am taking my umbrella just in case it____________” é a:
a) rains
b) rain
c) is raining
d) is rain
e) “a” and “c” are correct

10. (EFEI) Assinale a alternativa correta:

a) Isadora eats never breakfast quickly.
b) Isadora never eats her breakfast quickly.
c) Isadora never quickly eat her breakfast.
d) Isadora never eats her quickly breakfast.
e) Isadora never eat her breakfast quickly.

11. (AFA) Marque a alternativa correta.

I. From 8 to 10 p.m. frequently Robert studies.
II. Robert frequently studies from 8 to 10 p.m..
III. Robert frequently from 8 to 10 p.m. studies.
IV. Robert studies frequently from 8 to 10 p.m..
a) Only sentence I is correct.
b) Only sentence II is correct.
c) Only sentence III is wrong.
d) Sentences III and IV are correct.
8
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

12. (EPCAR) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence:
She __________ German very well.
a) speaks and writes
b) speaks and write
c) speak and writes
d) speak and write

13. (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa correta:

He doesn't __________ anymore.
a) smoking
b) no smoking
c) smokes
d) smoked
e) smoke

14. (EFOMM) Mark the CORRECT alternative to complete the sentence:

His body __________ in the cemetery.
a) lies
b) laid
c) lays
d) lain
e) lied

15. (MACKENZIE) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence:
I __________ when __________ that I have to study.
a) don't like – she says
b) never like – she will tell me
c) can't like – she says
d) mustn't like – she speaks
e) don't like it – she tells me

16. (PUCRIO) In the sentence "Everyone lies", the present tense is being used to express a fact that will never change in time
(historical present). In which of the alternatives below is the present tense being used to express a similar idea?
a) It is hot and sunny today.
b) Water freezes at 0° Celsius.
c) My plane leaves at 5pm tomorrow.
d) My cousin studies Computer Science.
e) Joe is late for work today.

17. (ESC. NAVAL) When children are frequently exposed to violent scenes on TV, they __________ about violence anymore because
they __________ anything wrong in it.
a) care – don't see
b) don't care – don't see
c) don't care – sees
d) cares – see
e) doesn't care – doesn’t see
9
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

18. (PUC-SP) When Carlos has a headache, he __________ some tea.

a) is drinking
b) is drink
c) drink
d) drinks
e) are drink

19. (EEAR) An umbrella __________ a very ordinary object. It__________ people against the rain and hot sun. You can fold most
umbrellas, so it is easy ___________ them.
– Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks in the
Paragraph:
a) is – puts – to hide
b) was – keeps – to help
c) was – brings – to buy
d) is – protects – to carry

20. (UNESP) He __________ to return to his home.

a) not want
b) to want
c) don’t want
d) wanting
e) does not want

10
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

TEXT COMPREHENSION
TEXT 3 (CESGRANRIO)
One of the major effects of eating too much sugar is a high incidence of tooth decay. When we eat something
with sugar in it, particularly refined sugar, enzymes in the saliva in the mouth begin to work immediately to
change that sugar into a type of carbohydrate. ¢As one eats, particles of the sugary food get stuck between the
teeth and around the gums. As the food changes its chemical composition, the resultant carbohydrate
produces bacteria that begin to eat away at the enamel on the outside of our teeth. This is actually the decaying of the tooth.

Now, if this process happens each time we eat sugar, we can see that eating excessive amounts of sugar causes more and more
tooth decay. It is true that some tooth decay can be avoided with immediate brushing after eating, removing all the particles of food
trapped in the teeth. However, sweets are often eaten as snacks between meals and during the day, times when people generally
do not brush after eating. Therefore, the dangerous process of tooth decay is allowed to continue.
(Smalley, R. L. and Hank, M.R., REFINING COMPOSITION SKILLS. 2012, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., p.255.)

1. According to the text, whenever we eat sugary food...

a) enzymes change it into refined sugar.
b) there is a low incidence of tooth decay.
c) the sugar in the mouth turns into saliva.
d) the teeth begin to work into the carbohydrates.
e) a type of carbohydrate is produced by the saliva.

2. According to the text, eating large amounts of sugar...

a) results in accumulating weight.
b) causes growing chemical composition.
c) postpones the process of tooth decay.
d) brings about the decaying of the teeth.
e) wears away carbohydrate gain in the body.

3. According to the text, what happens to the food we eat?

a) It gets stuck when we eat gum.
b) It is eaten away by the bacteria.
c) It attacks the enamel covering the teeth.
d) It produces particles of bacteria in the mouth.
e) It has its chemical composition changed in the mouth.

4. Bacteria are very small organisms which...

a) refine sugary food around the gums.
b) wear away the enamel of the teeth.
c) result in carbohydrates in the mouth.
d) change the composition of the process.
e) stick to the particles of sugary food.

5. In order to prevent tooth decay one should...

a) remove the decayed tooth.
b) avoid eating particles of food.
c) eat neither between meals nor during the day.
d) brush the teeth immediately before eating.
e) brush the teeth immediately after having eaten.

11
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

TEXT 4 (FUVEST)

DIANA HAD BEEN HOPING to get away by five, so she could be at the farm in time for dinner. She tried not to show her true feelings when
at 4.37 her deputy, Phil Haskins, presented her with a complex twelve-page document that required the signature of a director before it
could be sent out the client. Haskins didn't hesitate to remind her that they had lost two similar contracts that week.

It was always the same on a Friday. The phones would go quiet in the middle of the afternoon and then, just as she thought she
could slip away, an authorisation would land on her desk. One glance at this particular document and Diana knew there would be no
chance of escaping before six.

(JEFFREY ARCHER, The Collected Short Stories, P. 1)

1. According to the passage, Diana

a) usually tried to leave the office shortly after five on Fridays.
b) intended to leave the office at five o'clock at the latest.
c) used to have dinner at the farm on Fridays.
d) as a rule stayed in the office until 5 p.m.
e) was used to having dinner by six.

2. The passage tells us that when Phil Haskins presented Diana with a document, she
a) glanced at the clock on her desk.
b) couldn't help showing dissatisfaction.
c) didn't hesitate to tell him she was about to leave.
d) reminded him she left the office at 5 p.m. on Fridays.
e) tried to behave naturally.

3. The passage says that on Fridays

a) Diana spent most of her time quietly preparing complex documents.
b) the phones rang incessantly in the office.
c) the office was busier than ever.
d) there were hardly any phone calls in mid-afternoon.
e) Diana and Haskins signed all documents to be sent out to clients.

12
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

TEXT 5 (EFOMM)

Adventure journalist Peter Heller took a voyage he never expected: crusader to protect ocean life. He accepted the invitation to
crew on board Sea Shepherd's ship Farley Mowat for the 2005-2006 Antarctic campaign. He chronicled this two-month journey in
his book “The Whale Warriors: The Battle at the Bottom of the World to Save the Planet's Largest Mammals”.

"I've always been drawn to the ocean but the experience kindled a fire in me to protect marine mammals," Heller said in an
interview. “The ocean is so much a part of the web of life. If the ocean dies, we die too."

In the November 2006 issue of Science, Heller said, a report by an international team of scientists studying data over 58 years
declared that if current trends of fishing and pollution continue, every fishery across the planet will be totally destroyed by 2048.
The oceans as an ecosystem would completely collapse.

"Jacques Cousteau said 30 years ago that the oceans were dying in our lifetime," Heller noted. "Half the coral reef is dead or dying.
People don't pay attention because they're under the surface." “Marine algae create the majority of oxygen in our atmosphere. If
the oceans die, it could cause great destruction. It's in our own self-interest to take action right now," Heller said.

Adapted from www.malibu.com, October 10, 2007.

1. What is the principal idea addressed in the text above?

a) Heller’s book on protection of the whales.
b) Jacques Cousteau’s studies about the oceans.
c) The destruction of the oceans and sea life.
d) The journey Heller took on board Farley Mowat.
e) The death of coral reefs under the surface.

2. Which of the statements below is NOT mentioned in the text?

a) By 2048, all fishery will be destroyed due to pollution and abusive fishing.
b) Man is not interested in taking action to protect the oceans and marine life.
c) If the ocean as an ecosystem collapses, this will cause great destruction.
d) Heller spent two months cruising in an Antarctic campaign on board a ship.
e) Heller became interested in protecting the whales and wrote a book on that.

3. In the sentence: “If the oceans die, it could cause great destruction.”, the pronoun “it” refers to
a) oceans.
b) great destruction.
c) atmosphere.
d) the oceans death.
e) the cause.

13
 INGLÊS
Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES  AFA/EFOMM/EN  MÓDULO 2

EXERCICES TEXT 3 (CESGRANRIO)

1. a 1. e
2. c 2. d
3. d 3. e
4. a 4. b
5. d 5. e
6. b
7. b TEXT 4 (FUVEST)
8. c 1. b
9. e 2. e
10. b 3. d
11. b
12. a TEXT 5 (EFOMM)
13. e 1. c
14. a 2. b
15. a 3. d
16. b
17. b
18. d
19. d
20. e

14