FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA

REVISÃO GERAL DE LÍNGUA INGLESA

Conteúdos:
Presente Simples
Passado Simples
Presente Contínuo
Passado Contínuo
Futuro
Comparativos e Superlativos
Present Perfect

PRESENT SIMPLE

Pode ser com verbo to be ou com outros verbos. Veja:

TO BE
Equivale ao SER, ESTAR do português, ou seja, só podemos usá-lo quando quisermos expressar
ideias/frases com SER/ESTAR.

Eu estou com fome - I am hungry

Eu sou de POA - I am from POA
Ele está feliz - He is happy
Ela é minha irmã - She is my sister
Nós estamos bem - We are fine
Eles são chatos - They are boring

I (eu) AM (sou, estou)

YOU (você) ARE (é, está)
HE (ele - usado para pessoas) IS (é, está)
SHE (ela - usado para pessoas) IS (é, está)
IT (ele, ela - usado para tudo que não for pes- IS (é, está)
soa)
WE (nós) ARE (somos, estamos)
YOU (vocês) ARE (são, estão)
THEY (eles, elas) ARE (são, estãoa

Para fazer frases negativas é só adicionar a partícula NOT ao lado do verbo (na verdade, esta ação
de adicionar o NOT ao lado dos verbos auxiliares para fazer negação se repetirá como regra em
todos os outros tempos verbais em inglês)

Ex.:
I am not hungry
He is not happy
We are not fine
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Para fazer perguntas deslocamos o verbo TO BE e o trocamos de lugar com a PESSOA, SUJEITO
da frase (vamos ver também que esta ação de de deslocar os verbos auxiliares para fazer pergunta se
repetirá como regra em todos os outros tempos verbais em inglês)

Ex.:
Am I hungry?
Is he happy?
Are they boring?

OTHER VERBS

Bem, quando não queremos expressar ideias com SER/ESTAR não poderemos usar o verbo to be,
vamos usar outros verbos, principalmente os de ação, dando a ideia da rotina das nossas vidas, dos
nossos hábitos.
Eu leio todos os dias - I read every day
Eu vou para a aula de manhã - I go to school in the morning
Eles sempre jogam as noites - They always play games at night
Nós assistimos filmes nas sextas-feiras - We watch films on Fridays

****Para falar de rotina é preciso revisar os verbos de ação que mais fazem parte do seu dia-a-dia,
além de revisar advérbios de frequência (palavras e expressões como sempre, nunca, duas vezes por
semana, que expressam quantas vezes você faz cada atividade)

Para fazer negativas e Interrogativas no presente simples, sem verbo to be, vamos precisar dos
chamados verbos auxiliares. Os auxiliares aparecem em frases negativas e interrogativas, e eles
ajudam e indicam quando uma frase é uma negação ou pergunta e em qual tempo verbal esta frase
está. Quando os auxiliares aparecem os verbos principais voltam para a forma básica.

Negativa:

I do not read every day

They do not play games at night

Você ainda pode contrair o auxiliar DO com a partícula de negação NOT - DON`T

We don`t watch films on Fridays

Interrogativa:

Como falamos lá no verbo to be, ao fazer uma pergunta o verbo vai se deslocar com o sujeito. Então
quando o verbo to be não estiver presente nas frases, o que se desloca é o verbo auxiliar.

DO they play games at night?

HE, SHE, IT - na terceira pessoa do singular (equivalentes ou nosso ELE, ELA) temos uma
pequena conjugação que acontece nos verbos.

frases afirmativas - adiciono S, ES, OU IES no final dos verbos

he PLAYS sports every week (adicionar S ao final de todos os verbos é a regra geral)
she GOES to school by car (adicionar ES aos verbos terminados em O, S, CH, SH, X, Z)
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
she WATCHES tv
he STUDIES very much (adicionar IES ao final de verbos terminados em consoante + Y)

frases negativas e interrogativas - bem, nessas frases já falamos que o auxiliar deve aparecer,
falamos também que quando o auxiliar aparece o verbo principal fica na forma básica, sendo assim,
a conjugação é aplicada no verbo auxiliar. Veja:

DO vai virar DOES - da regra de adicionar ES ao final de verbos terminados em O…Então:

He DOES NOT study very much - He DOESN`T… (a contração também pode ser aplicada aqui)
She DOES NOT go to school by car - She DOESN`T…

Veja que como a conjugação já foi aplicada no auxiliar o restante dos verbos ficam na forma básica
nessas frases, ou seja, eles não vão seguir a regra das conjugações.

DOES she watch tv? (nas frases interrogativas o verbo auxiliar continua se deslocando)

PAST SIMPLE

Assim como no present simple, há verbo to be e verbos auxiliares no past simple… As regras do
present para o past, quase que se repetem… Veja só:

TO BE
Equivale ao SER, ESTAR do português, como já vimos antes, então no past simple ele continua
sendo a mesma coisa.

Eu estava com fome - I was hungry

Eu era de POA - I was from POA
Ele estava feliz - He was happy
Ela era minha amiga - She was my friend
Nós estávamos bem - We were fine
Eles eram chatos - They were boring

I (eu) WAS (era, estava)

YOU (você) WERE (era, estava)
HE (ele - usado para pessoas) WAS (era, estava)
SHE (ela - usado para pessoas) WAS (era, estava)
IT (ele, ela - usado para tudo que não for pes- WAS (era, estava
soa)
WE (nós) WERE (éramos, estávamos)
YOU (vocês) WERE (eram, estavam)
THEY (eles, elas) WERE (eram, estavam)
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Para fazer frases negativas continua sendo só adicionar a partícula NOT ao lado do verbo.

Ex.:
I was not hungry
He was not happy
We were not fine

Para fazer perguntas continuamos deslocando o verbo TO BE e o trocamos de lugar com a

PESSOA, SUJEITO da frase

Ex.:
Was I hungry?
Was he happy?
Were they boring?

OTHER VERBS

Bem, quando não queremos expressar ideias com SER/ESTAR não poderemos usar o verbo to be,
vamos usar outros verbos, principalmente os de ação, dando a ideia da rotina do dia anterior, ou das
férias passadas, ou do último final de semana, ou seja, damos a ideia de algo que aconteceu no
passado.

Eu estudei ontem - I STUDIED yesterday

Ele assisti tv sábado passado - I WATCHED tv last Saturday
Eles gostaram do filme - They LIKED the film

****Para falar no passado é preciso revisar os verbos de ação e seu formato no passado, além de
revisar advérbios de frequência (palavras e expressões como último sábado, ontem, semana
passada, que expressam quando você fez cada atividade)

**** Lembra das regras de S, ES e IES lá no present simple? Bem, no passado elas viram D, ED e
IED. Como assim?

Todos os verbos no presente deveriam ser conjugados na terceira pessoa do singular com as regras
S, ES, IES… no passado, não há distinção de pessoas, então todos os verbos em geral devem ser
conjugados com D, ED e IED.

forma básica past simple

watch watched regra geral: verbos devem terminar em ED no passado

study studied terminados em consoante +Y: IED
love loved terminados em E: só adiciona D

I watched - eu assisti
He watched - ele assistiu
We watched - nós assistimos

Ou seja, a conjugação ED equivale a todas as nossas formas de verbos no passado em português,

vai depender da pessoa que estiver na frente.
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Negativas e Interrogativas:

Quando os auxiliares aparecem os verbos principais voltam para a forma básica.

negativa:
I did not read - eu não li
They didn`t play - eles não jogaram

Continuamos tendo um verbo auxiliar que ajuda nas perguntas e negações, mas agora no past
simple, o auxiliar é DID.

interrogativa:

DID they play last night? - eles jogaram noite passada?

***Perceba que nas traduções o auxiliar não aparece, ele não tem tradução, pois é somente um
ajudante que me mostra o tipo de frase (negação, interrogação) e o tempo verbal dela.

VERBOS IRREGULARES
O que acontece o passado é que nem todos os verbos terminam em ED, temos uma lista chamada de
verbos irregulares, que são verbos que fogem da regra, ou seja, eles tem um formato diferente.
Esses verbos são a minoria e precisam ser memorizados.

Alguns verbos irregulares:

forma básica past simple
go went
do did
read read
drive drove
write wrote
sleep slept

O que é o ING????

Bem, como vimos o verbo TO BE expressa nossa ideia de SER ou de ESTAR. Já o ING, quando
está acompanhado do verbo TO BE, expressa os final INDO, ENDO, ANDO do português.

Eu estou comendo - I am eating

Ele está surfando - he is surfing
Ela estava dormindo - she was sleeping
Nós estávamos lendo - we were reading
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
FUTURE - GOING TO

To be + going to + verbo principal na base form

I am going to study tomorrow
eu vou estudar amanhã.

Indica planos, intenções, ou ainda previsões com base em alguma evidência

FUTURE - WILL

will + base form

I will travel tomorrow.

eu vou viajar amanhã.

Indica decisões tomadas no momento da fala, previsões sem evidência, promessas, ofertas.

FUTURE - ING

To be + verbo principal com ING (é o presente continuous, mas com um contexto de futuro)

I am traveling tomorrow.
eu vou viajar amanhã (muito próximo em uso do futuro com GOING TO, mas com o grau de
certeza mais alto, normalmente usado com futuros mais próximos, pois quanto mais próximo, mais
certeza eu tenho)

OBS.: as três formas de falar de futuro em inglês não vão diferir na hora da tradução, a diferença
entre elas está na intenção da fala, ou seja, a mesma frase pode ser dita das 3 formas, mas cada uma
terá uma intencionalidade (plano, promessa, certeza, por exemplo).

COMPARATIVES

inferiority: usamos para dizer que 1 coisa é menos que outra.

LESS + ADJETIVO + THAN

MENOS + ADJ + QUE

I think math and science are difficult, but science is less difficult than math.
Eu acho que matemática e ciências são difíceis, mas ciências é menos difícil que matemática.

equality: usamos para dizer que um é igual ao outro.

AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
TANTO + ADJ + QUANTO

My sister is as tall as I am.

Minha irmã é tão alta quanto eu.

Summer is as good as winter.

O verão é tão bom quanto o inverno.
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
superiority: usamos para dizer que 1 é superior ao outro.

MORE + LONG ADJECTIVE + THAN

MAIS + ADJ LONGO + QUE

I am more beautiful than my cousin.

Eu sou mais bonita que minha prima.

Watching series is more interesting than watching cartoons.

Assistir seriados é mais interessante que assistir desenhos.

SHORT ADJECTIVE+ER + THAN

ADJ CURTO+ER + QUE

I am tallER than you. - eu sou mais baixa que você.

She is niceR than her sister. - ela é mais legal que a irmã dela.
Jullie is prettIER than me. - Jullie é mais bonita que eu.

***Nos adjetivos curtos, no comparativo de superioridade temos uma regra a parte das demais, ou
seja, não temos 1 palavra solta (more, less, as) um adjetivo e outra palavra (than, as). Mas temos
uma partícula ER que se cola no adjetivo como se fosse um sufixo. Esse ER é equivalente ao
MORE, ou seja, significa o MAIS.

SUPERLATIVES

Como o comparativo ele é usado para comparar, mas agora não 1 coisa com outra, mas sim 1 coisa
com todas, ou varias outras de um grupo.

She is the most intelligent girl in class

Ela é a menina mais inteligente da turma (comparando 1 menina com toadas outras daquele grupo)

Long Adjective = THE MOST + ADJECTIVE

Short Adjective = THE + ADJ+EST

That`s the biggest building in town - aquele é o prédio mais alto da cidade
He`s the tallest men I know - ele é o homem mais alto que eu conheço

PRESENT PERFECT

O "present perfect" de qualquer verbo é composto por dois elementos: a forma apropriada do verbo
auxiliar to have (no presente) e o "past participle" do verbo principal. A forma do "past participle"
de um verbo regular inclui o radical + ed (ex.: played, arrived, looked). Para os verbos irregulares,
consulte a Tabela de Verbos

O "PRESENT PERFECT" É UTILIZADO PARA DESCREVER

▪ Uma ação ou situação iniciada no passado e que permanece no presente. I have lived in
Bristol since 1984. (= e continuo morando.)
▪ Uma ação realizada durante um período e que ainda não tenha sido finalizada. She has
been to the cinema twice this week. (= e a semana ainda não acabou.)
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
▪ Uma ação repetida em um período não especificado entre o passado e o presente. We have
visitedPortugal several times.
▪ Uma ação concluída no passado recente, indicada pelo termo 'just'. I have just finished my
work.
▪ Uma ação cujo período de ocorrência não seja importante. He has read 'War and Peace'. (=
o resultado da leitura é importante.)

EXERCISES:

Present Simple x Present Continuous

Complete the sentences using the verbs in the simple present:

GO – PLAY – VISIT – LIKE – COOK – WRITE – BRUSH – LIKE – RUN – DRINK – TAKE –
EAT – TRAVEL – SWIM – DRINK- HAVE – COPY

1. The child games every night.

2. The boy in the club twice a week.

3. The teacher the exercises on the board and the students them.

4. She a lot of vegetables every week.

5. My mom fish once a week.

FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
6. He a shower in the morning.

7. He many friends.

8. She to the beach every summer.

9. I my teeth three times a day.

10. My parents once a year.

Reorder the words to make sentences:

1. Always/before/go/I/bed/11.00/to

2. Ever/her/Kate/sees/family/hardly

3. Saturday/never/shopping/on/we/go

4. a/to/I/dentist’s/year/go/twice/the

5. in/they/breakfast/the/sometimes/garden/have

6. usually/morning/the/we/the/listen/in/radio/to

7. in/day/park/every/Alan/the/runs

8. after/drink/I/coffee/4.00/never

9. often/John/to/go/doesn’t/cinema/the

10. visit/I/once/my/month/a/mum

Write sentences using present continuous:

1. It/rain (+)

2. John/wear/a t-shirt/today (+)

3. It’s hot./why/you/wear a coat (?)

4. Anna/sit next to Jane today (-)

5. Hey! You/ stand on my foot! (+)

6. What book/you/read (?)

7. She/wear make-up (-)

8. They/make a big mistake (+)

9. Your mom/shop in town (?)

10. She/live with her parents at the moment (-)

FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Complete the sentences using present continuous:

1. The girl in the painting _ the guitar. (play)

2. Why you sunglasses? It . (wear/rain)

3. You can turn off the radio. I to it. (not listen)

4. What you here? (do)

5. I for Emma. She’s late. (wait)

6. We live in Paris, but we in Nice for some months. (stay)

7. These days, most children too many fizzy drinks (have)

8. you any vitamins at the moment? (take)

9. We takeaway food this weekend. (not get)

10. What your mom ? It smells great! (make)

11. You look nervous! What you about? (think)

12. The diet in our country _ worse and worse. (get)

Circle the best alternative – present continuous or simple:

1. Come on, let’s order. The waiter comes/is coming.

2. Kate doesn’t want/isn’t wanting to have dinner with us. She’s not hungry.

3. The head chef is sick, so he doesn’t work/isn’t working tonight.

4. The bill seems/is seeming very expensive to me.

5. We’ve had an argument so we don’t speak/aren’t speaking to each other at the moment.

6. My mom thinks/is thinking my diet is awful these days.

7. Do we need/are we needing to go shopping for food?

8. Can I call you back? I have/I’m having lunch right now.

9. What do you cook/are you cooking? It smells delicious!

10. I don’t believe/I’m not believing that you cooked that all alone!
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Past Simple

Underline the correct answer.

0 I wasn’t / weren’t at home last Saturday.
1 My mother was / were very good at sport as a child.
2 Luis wasn’t / weren’t born in Spain.
3 Was / Were your brothers both good students at university?
4 We wasn’t / weren’t at school yesterday.
5 Was / Were Heath Ledger a famous actor?

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple.
0 I swam (swim) in the new pool in town last week.
1 Peter (want) to be an athlete when he was a child.
2 We (not have) enough money for the cinema last night.
3 Jane (not win) the swimming competition.
4 I (buy) some new trainers three days ago.
5 Sally (invite) me to a concert yesterday.

Past Continuous

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in

brackets. Use the past continuous.
0 I was swimming (swim) at the new pool yesterday afternoon.
1 James (not listen) to me in class.
2 We (play) football at 3 pm yesterday.
3 Mum (shop) in town on Saturday.
4 I (not do) my homework at 6 pm.
5 They (not watch) TV yesterday evening.

Underline the correct answer.

0 Sarah was breaking / broke a cup when she was washing up.
1 Luckily, I wasn’t waiting / didn’t wait at the bus stop when it rained. I was at home.
2 Tom’s phone was ringing / rang while we were doing our test.
3 We were watching / watched a good film when Dad came home.
4 I wasn’t checking / didn’t check my emails before I went to school.
5 We were listening to music when somebody was knocking / knocked at the door.

Future going to
Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the future going to.

Example:
John is happy, because he is going to get married.

1. I’m hungry. I ......................................... (eat) a sandwich.

2. I’m very tired. I ………………………… (not study) anymore. I ……………
………… (rest) a little.
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
3. Mary can’t carry the box. It is too heavy. She .......................................... (ask) somebody
for help.
4. ………………………… (she, watch) television? No, she
……………
What ………………………… (she, do) then? She
………………………… (play) chess.
What about you? What ………………………… (you, do)? I
………………………… (go) to the cinema.
5. What ......................................... (you, do) with all this money?
First, I ………………………… (buy) a new house. Then I …………………………
(travel) round the world.
6. What ......................................... (John, do) tomorrow?
He ………………………… (see) his new girlfriend and then he …………………
………… (take) her to a restaurant.
7. We ………………………… (take) our daughter to Euro Disney next week. I’m sure she
………………………… (love) it.
8. How long ..................................................... (your children, stay) here? For two weeks.

Comparatives and Superlatives

Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets and than.
0 My sister’s paintings are morebeautiful than (beautiful) mine. She’s really clever!
1 My German is (bad) yours – I can’t say anything!
2 Mexico City is (big) Madrid. More people live there.
3 Sally is (tidy) her sister. She always puts her things away.
4 I think cities are (interesting) small towns.
5 Ben thinks cycling is (good) walking. He loves going everywhere on his
bike.
Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
0 The strangest (strange) thing happened to me yesterday!
1 My mum is the (good) cook in our family.
2 My bed is the (comfortable) in our house!
3 This is the (bad) book ever. It’s really boring!
4 Our school is the (big) in our city.
5 Our neighbours are the (noisy) people in our street.
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA
Future - Will

Complete the sentences with will or won’t.

0 Jack will come with us to the cinema later. It’s going to be fun!
1 You can’t come over on Saturday because I be at home.
2 A: you have time to
help me later? B: Yes, no
problem.
3 I’m sure Emily lend you her new jacket because she’s very kind.
4 It rain today because it never rains on my birthday!
5 Peter go to university next year?

Match the sentence halves.

0 If I buy a new skateboard, f a if the weather is good.
1 Dad will go to Grandma’s house b I’ll give you my old mobile.
2 If I get a new phone, c if Sam invites us both.
3 I’ll go for a run tomorrow d we’ll take a taxi.
4 I’ll take Emily with me to the party e if she needs help at the weekend.
5 If we miss the train, f I’ll take it to the park tomorrow.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
0 My brother Tom will give (give) me his old tablet if he buys a new one.
1 If you (want) another laptop, I’ll sell you my old one.
2 Don’t worry! We (not be) upset if you decide not to join us.
3 (you / have) a gap year if your parents agree?
4 Ben will study computer programming at college if he (pass) all his exams.
5 If Dan (not hurry), he’ll be late
Be going to

Complete the sentences with the correct form of be going to.

0 I ’m going to take a year out after school.
1 (you) take your driving test soon?
2 I (not) see my friends this evening because I want to watch my favourite reality
TV show.
3 Lisa and Tom get married in the summer.
4 Hannah start revising for her exams at the weekend.
5 My aunt (not) move to Spain next year. She wants to stay in Britain.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to.
0 I ’mnot going to see my friends tomorrow because I have to do some homework.
1 We visit my aunt Julia on Sunday. We always see her at the weekend.
2 I promise I forget Mum’s birthday again!
3 I don’t think Peter come to the party.
4 Tom go to the cinema on Saturday, and he asked me to go, too.
5 Sam be here when we get home because he’s going out.
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA

PRESENT PERFECT
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present per-
fect.
0 I ’vehad (have) Italian food lots of times – it’s delicious!
1 Sam and Tom (read) all the Harry Potter books.
2 Emma (meet) a lot of famous people because she’s a journalist.
3 My dad (not win) the lottery.
4 I (not do) my homework this evening.
5 I (climb) up the Eiffel Tower.

Use the words to write sentences in the present perfect.

0 I / go / to New York / twice
I’vebeentoNewYorktwice.
1 Our teacher / give / us / lots of homework / this week

2 I / never / visit / London

3 Sam / see / a famous actor in his town

4 My brother / not swim / in the sea

5 I / fly / to England / many times

Complete the questions with Have or Has.

0 Have your mum and dad been to London?
1 you ever seen a Harry Potter film?
2 Peter and Lily ever lived abroad?
3 Sam ever played the guitar?
4 you ever travelled on your own?
5 your brother ever had a pet?

Underline the correct answer.

0 I have never sung / didn’t sing this song before.
1 I didn’t enjoy / haven’t enjoyed the film last night.
2 Have you had / Did you have a uniform when you were at school?
3 I have never eaten / never ate pizza before.
4 Have you been / Did you go to football practice yesterday?
5 Have you ever lost / Did you ever lose your phone?
FROM: TEACHER HENRY TO: AMÉLIA

Complete the sentences with one or ones.

0 Can you pass my pens? They’re the black ones over there.
1 I like those red trainers but I’m not so keen on the blue .
2 You see the boys over there? Which is your brother?
3 What have you done with my new DVD? I don’t want to watch this .
4 Why are you wearing those old jeans? Don’t you like the mum got you?
We’ve bought two DVDs to watch. I bought this film and Sam got that

Underline the correct answer.

0 I’d like to go anywhere / somewhere exciting this weekend!
1 I’ve got nothing / anything to do tomorrow. Do you want to go out?
2 Dad wants to get mum something / anything special for her birthday.
3 I can’t find the dog somewhere / anywhere. Have you seen him?
4 Has someone / anyone seen my bag? I can’t find it.
5 I saw someone / anyone I knew in town, so we had an ice cream together!