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Capitulo5 Cisalhamento PDF
Capitulo5 Cisalhamento PDF
CAPÍTULO 5:
CISALHAMENTO
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
σ2 = −
(M + dM )⋅ y
Iz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
M⋅ y
F1 = ∫σ1 ⋅ dA= ∫ ⋅ dA
Iz
F2 = ∫ σ 2 ⋅ dA = ∫
(M + dM )⋅ y ⋅ dA
Iz
onde y varia de y1 até h/2.
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
F1 + F3 − F2 = 0 ∴ F3 = F2 − F1
F3 = ∫
(M + dM ) ⋅ y ⋅ dA − M⋅y dM ⋅ y
Iz ∫ Iz ⋅ dA = ∫ I z ⋅ dA
dM
F3 = ⋅ ∫ y ⋅ dA
Iz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Logo:
dM dM 1
τ ⋅ b ⋅ dx = ⋅ ∫ y ⋅ dA ⇒ τ =
dx b ⋅ I z ∫
⋅ ⋅ y ⋅ dA
Iz
dM
onde : = V → força de cisalhamen to
dx
∫ y ⋅ dA = M s → Momento Estático da área sombreada
em relação a linha neutra.
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
h
y2 2
y ⋅ (b ⋅ dy ) = b ⋅
h h
Ms = ∫ y ⋅ dA = ∫
2 2
y1 y1
2 y1
h 2 y12 b h 2
M s = b ⋅ − = ⋅ − y12
8 2 2 4
V ⋅Ms V b h2 2
τ= = ⋅ ⋅ − y1
b ⋅ Iz b ⋅ Iz 2 4
V h2 2
τ= ⋅ − y1
2⋅ I z 4
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
V h2 2
τ= ⋅ − y1
2⋅ I z 4
h
para y1 = → τ =0
2
V ⋅ h 2 3 ⋅V
para y1 = 0 → τ máx = =
8⋅ Iz 2⋅ A
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
V 4 2⋅ r3 4 ⋅V 4 ⋅V
τ máx = ⋅ ⋅ = τ máx =
2⋅ r π ⋅ r4 3 3⋅π ⋅ r 2 3⋅ A
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
π
Iz =
4
(
⋅ r24 − r14 )
Ms = ⋅ (r23 − r13 )
2
3
b = 2⋅ (r2 − r1 )
V ⋅ M s 4 ⋅V r22 + r2 ⋅ r1 + r12
τ máx = = ⋅
b⋅ Iz 3 ⋅ A r2 + r1
2 2
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
150mm
0,5m 0,5m
100mm
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 1
A C D B A C D B
D.E.C. P 0,5P
D.M.F.
Cisalhamento trecho AC e DB
Flexão Máxima trecho CD
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 1
b) Características geométricas:
I 3 b ⋅ h 2 10 × 15 2
W= = = = 375cm 2
h 6 6
2
A = b × h = 10 × 15 = 150 cm 2
c) Carga Máxima:
M máx
σ máx = ≤ σ adm ⇒ M máx = σ adm ⋅W
W
3 ⋅V 2 ⋅ A ⋅τ adm
τ máx = máx ≤ τ adm ⇒ Vmáx =
2⋅ A 3
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 1
40kN/m
σ Rupt .( T ) = 70 MPa ; C .S . = 7
30kN
B σ Rupt .( C ) = 56 MPa ; C .S . = 8
A
2m 4m τ adm = 1, 2 MPa
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 2
a) Tensões admissíveis:
σ Rupt.(T ) 70
σ adm(T ) = = = 10MPa
C.S. 7
σ Rupt .( C ) 56
σ adm ( C ) = = = 7 MPa
C .S . 8
95
b) Seções críticas:
RVA = 125 kN A C B
RVB = 65 kN 30
D.E.C.
65
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 2
Trecho AC :
V = −65 + 40 ⋅ (6 − x )
V = 175 − 40 ⋅ x = 0 ⇒ x = 4 ,375 m
Seções críticas: A e C
M A = −30 × 2 = −60 KN .m
M C = 65 × (6 − 4,375) − 40 ×
(6 − 4,375)
2
= 52,81KN.m
2
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 2
MA ⋅r
Seção A: σ1 = σ 2 = C1 = C2 = r
Iz
Como σ1 = σ2 , verificar para menor σadm:
MA ⋅r
≤ σ adm(C )
Iz
60 ⋅103 × r
≤ 7 ⋅106 ⇒ r ≥ 0,222 m
π ⋅r 4
4
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 2
4 ⋅ Vmáx
τ máx = ≤ τ adm
3⋅ A
4 × 95 ⋅103
≤ 1,2 ⋅10 6
3×π ⋅ r 2
r ≥ 0,183m
Logo, r ≥ 0,22m ⇒ r = 23cm
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Mesa ou Flange
Alma
Mesa ou Flange
h h h
A1 = b ⋅ − 1 A2 = t ⋅ 1 − y1
2 2 2
h − h1 h1
− y1
h1
y1 = + 2 2 y2 = y1 + 2
2 2 2
M s = A1 ⋅ y1 + A2 ⋅ y 2 =
b
8
( )
t
(
⋅ h 2 − h12 + ⋅ h12 − 4 ⋅ y12
8
)
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Logo:
τ=
V ⋅ Ms
t ⋅ Iz
=
V
8⋅t ⋅ Iz
[ ( ) (
⋅ b ⋅ h2 − h12 + t ⋅ h12 − 4 ⋅ y12 )]
b ⋅ h3 (b − t ) ⋅ h13 1
onde: I z =
12
−
12 12
(
= ⋅ b ⋅ h3 − b ⋅ h1 + t ⋅ h1
3 3
)
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Logo:
τ máx =
V
8⋅t ⋅ I z
[
⋅ b ⋅ h2 − b ⋅ h12 + t ⋅ h12 ]
τ mín =
V
8⋅ t ⋅ I z
[⋅ h2 − h12 ]
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
t ⋅ h1
Valma = ⋅ (2 ⋅τ máx + τ mín )
3
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
50kN 45cm
5cm
2m 25cm
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 3
y =
∑ y ⋅A1 1
= 18 , 57 cm
45cm
∑A 1
z
5cm y
25cm x ( )
I z = ∑ I z ' + Ai ⋅ d i2 = 88452 , 4 cm 4
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 3
50kN
+ Vmáx = 50 kN
D.E.C.
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 3
× (5× 31,43)
31,43
M s = y1 ⋅ A = z
5cm
2
25cm
M s = 2469,61cm 3
Exemplo 3
3cm
M s = y1 ⋅ A = (31,43−1,5)× (5× 3) y1 45cm
M s = 448,9cm3 z
5cm
25cm
5
aq aq aq
q
20cm
A B C D E
a a a a
5
5 10cm 5
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 4
x = 10 cm 20 × 30 3 10 × 20 3
I z = I z (ext.) − I z (int .) = −
y = 15 cm 12 12
I z = 38 .333 ,33 cm 4
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 4
+ 0,5q +
A B C D E
- -
1,5q
2q
Seções críticas: B, C e D.
M B = −4 ⋅ q M C = −8 ⋅ q + 7 q = − q M D = −4 ⋅ q
Exemplo 4
c) Verificação da σadm:
M ⋅e
σ1 = σ 2 = ≤ σ adm = 10 MPa
Iz
4 ⋅ q ⋅15 × 10 −2
−8
≤ 10 ⋅10 6 ⇒ q ≤ 6,39kN / m
38333 ,33 ⋅10
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 4
d) Verificação da τadm:
15 10
M s = M se − M si = × 20 ×15 − ×10 ×10 = 1750cm3
2 2
V máx ⋅ M s 2 ,5 ⋅ q × 1750 ⋅ 10 − 6
τ máx = = −2 −8
≤ τ adm = 1,5 ⋅ 10 6
b ⋅ Iz 10 ⋅ 10 × 38333 ,33 ⋅ 10
q ≤ 13,14kN / m
Logo: q = 6,3kN / m
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
dM
I ∫
F3 = ⋅ y ⋅ dA
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
F3 dM 1
dx dx I ∫
f = = ⋅ ⋅ y ⋅ dA
dM
onde:
dx
=V ∫ y ⋅ dA = M s
V ⋅Ms
f =
I
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 5
Exemplo 5
b) Fluxo de Cisalhamento:
V ⋅Ms F
f = =
I s
M s = A flange ⋅ d f = (40 × 180 )× 120 = 864 ⋅ 10 3 mm 3
10 ,5 ⋅ 10 3 × 864 ⋅ 10 3
f = = 34 ,3 N / mm
264 , 2 × 10 6
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 5
Logo:
2F 2 F 2 × 800
= f ⇒S = =
S f 34,3
S = 46,6mm
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
F1 − F2 − F3 = 0
s Mz1 s
F3 =τ ⋅ t ⋅ dx F1 = ∫ σ x ⋅ dA= −
I z ∫0
onde: ⋅ y ⋅ dA
0
s Mz 2 s
F2 = ∫ σ x ⋅ dA= −
I z ∫0
⋅ y ⋅ dA
0
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Vy ⋅ M s ( z )
Logo: τ= Fórmula de Cisalhamento
Iz ⋅t
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Vy ⋅ Ms( z)
f =τ ⋅ t =
Iz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
ds
B A
B
F1 = ∫
A
f ⋅ ds
h
D
F2 = V = ∫B
f ⋅ ds
D E
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
F(mesa) ⋅ h
V ⋅ e = F(mesa) ⋅ h → e=
V
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
P Py
Pz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
dF = f ⋅ ds
dF
,
V ⋅ Ms
ds sendo f =
Iz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
A
S
F1
F1 = ∫ A
f ⋅ ds
B
F2 = ∫
S
f ⋅ ds
F2
B
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
t Fluxo de Cisalhamento:
( )
B A
t V ⋅ Ms ( z ) V ⋅ s⋅t ⋅ h
f= = 2
Iz Iz
t
V ⋅ s ⋅t ⋅ h
D f=
E
2⋅ I z
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 6
B b V ⋅ s ⋅t ⋅h V ⋅t ⋅h b
F1 = ∫ f ⋅ ds = ∫ =
2 ⋅ I z ∫0
⋅ s ⋅ds
,
A 0 2⋅ Iz
b
V ⋅t ⋅h s2 V ⋅t ⋅ h ⋅b2
F = ⋅ =
2⋅ Iz 2 0 4⋅ Iz
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 6
Centro de Cisalhamento:
F ⋅ h V ⋅t ⋅ h ⋅b2 h t ⋅ h ⋅b2
e= = ⋅ =
V 4⋅ Iz V 4⋅ Iz ,
I z = I alma + 2 ⋅ I flanges
t ⋅ h3 t ⋅b3 h2
Iz = + 2⋅ + ⋅ (b ⋅ t )
12 12 2
t ⋅ h3 b ⋅t3 h2 ⋅b ⋅t t ⋅ h2
Iz = + + = ⋅ (6 ⋅ b + h )
12 6 2 12
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 6
Centro de Cisalhamento:
h2 ⋅b2 ⋅t
e=
t ⋅ h2
4⋅ ⋅ (6 ⋅ b + h )
,
12
3⋅b2
e=
6 ⋅b + h
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
t
D
E
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 7
V ⋅ Ms V ⋅ s ⋅t ⋅ h V ⋅ s ⋅ h
τ= = =
,
Iz ⋅ t 2⋅ Iz ⋅t 2⋅ Iz
h
Ms = s×t × Distribuição Linear
2
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 7
Tensão em B:
t ⋅ h2
Iz = ⋅ (6 ⋅ b + h )
12 ,
V ⋅b ⋅ h 6 ⋅V ⋅ b
τB = =
t ⋅ h2 t ⋅ h ⋅ (6 ⋅ b + h )
2⋅ ⋅ (6 ⋅ b + h )
12
6 × 800 × 0,1
τB = = 1,422 MPa
0,003 × 0,15 ⋅ (6 × 0,1 + 0,15 )
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 7
V ⋅ Ms
τ= ,
Iz ⋅ t
h h h h⋅ t
Ms = b⋅t ⋅ + ⋅t ⋅ = ⋅ (4⋅b + h)
2 2 4 8
Prof. Romel Dias Vanderlei
Exemplo 7
h⋅ t
V⋅ ⋅ (4⋅b + h)
8 3⋅V ⋅ (4⋅b + h)
τmáx = 2
,
=
t ⋅h 2⋅t ⋅ h⋅ (6⋅b + h)
⋅ (6⋅b + h) ⋅t
12
Aplicações
Aplicações
Aplicações
Aplicações
(a) em A, (b) em B.