Você está na página 1de 31

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA

Faculdade de Comunicação
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM
COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEAS

DISCIPLINA: COM 536: CONTEMPORANEIDADE, COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA


MODELOS TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICOS DA PESQUISA SOBRE OS EFEITOS DA COMUNICAÇÃO – 2021
PROF. WILSON GOMES – wilsonsg@terra.com.br
PROF. SAMUEL BARROS - samuelbarros77@gmail.com

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS SEMINÁRIOS POR ESTUDANTE E LISTA DE REFERÊNCIAS1

AGENDA-SETTING I
https://youtu.be/6RUtmANsnow
https://youtu.be/EoRWk2o6WII

4ª. SESSÃO
(MCCOMBS, (MCCOMBS, (McCombs et al. (Lopez-Escobar et (Kiousis,
SHAW, 1972) 2005) 1997) al. 1998) McCombs, 2004)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Mrogers, (Harris, Kolovos, (Soroka, 2002) (McCombs, Shaw, (Kim, Scheufele,


Wdearing, 1988) Lock, 2001) Weaver, 2014) Shanahan, 2002)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Kiousis, 2005) (Brown and (Kiousis et al., (Ridout, Mellen, (Wallsten, 2007)
Deegan 1998) 2006) 2007)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Huck, Quiring, (Uscinski, 2009) (IYENGAR and (Green-Pedersen, (Walgrave and


Brosius, 2009) SIMON 1993) Mortensen, 2010) Van Aelst 2006)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

1
Os links à esquerda correspondem às videoaulas no YouTube. São para uso exclusivo dos estudantes
desta disciplina, não os repassem. A referências com sombreamento indicam os artigos com o maior
número de citações, por modelo teórico-metodológico.
AGENDA-SETTING II
5ª. SESSÃO

(Lopez-Escobar, (Scheufele and (Wanta, Golan, (M. Brewer and (Tai 2009)
Llamas, and Tewksbury 2007) and Lee 2004) McCombs 1996)
McCombs 1998)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

(Tan and Weaver (Shapiro and (Erbring, (Huck, Quiring, (BIRKLAND 1998)
2013) Hemphill 2017) Goldenberg, and and Brosius 2009)
Miller 1980)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Rogers, Dearing, (Sevenans 2017) (Edwards and (M. E. McCombs (Scheufele 2000)
and Bregman Wood 1999) and Shaw 1993)
1993)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Weaver 2007) (Maxwell (Swanson and (Kiss 2013) (Sweetser, Golan,


McCombs and Swanson 1978) and Wanta 2008)
Zhu 1995)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo
MEDIA PRIMING
6ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/0bfvzlUOkuU

(D. Domke, Shah, (Valentino, (DRUCKMAN and (Jacobs and (Roskos-


and Wackman Brader, and HOLMES 2004) Shapiro 1994) Ewoldsen,
1998) Jardina 2013) Roskos-
Ewoldsen, and
Dillman
Carpentier 2002)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Holbrook and (Iyengar and (Roberts and (Sheafer 2007) (Iyengar and
Hill 2005) Kinder 1987b) Gettman 2004) Kinder 1987a)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(David Domke, (Van Duyn and (PAN and (Mendelsohn (P. R. Brewer,
McCoy, and Collier 2019) KOSICKI 1997) 1996) Graf, and Willnat
Torres 1999) 2003)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

(Bushman 1998) (Dixon and (Druckman 2004) (Abraham and (Althaus and Kim
Maddox 2005) Appiah 2006) 2006)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida
TEORIA DO ENQUADRAMENTO I
7ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/rBjWxk_-Tuc

(Entman 2007) (Semetko and (Scheufele 1999) (Pan and Kosicki (Weaver 2007)
Valkenburg 2000) 1993)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

(Druckman (Semetko and (Entman 1993) (Chong and (Nelson,


2001b) Valkenburg 2000) Druckman 2007b) Clawson, and
Oxley 1997)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(De Vreese 2005) (Scheufele 2000) (Druckman (Jörg Matthes (Entman and
2001a) 2009) Rojecki 1993)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Simon and (Entman 2010) (Kellstedt 2000) (Birkland and (Mendonça and
Xenos 2000) Lawrence 2009) Guimarães 2012)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo
TEORIA DO ENQUADRAMENTO II
8ª. SESSÃO

(Riebling and von (Tankard Jr 2001) (BARBERÁ et al. (Bronstein 2005) (IYENGAR and
der Wense 2019) 2019) SIMON 1993)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Lo, Lam, and (Simões and (GAMSON 1989) (D’Angelo 2002) (Van Gorp 2007)
Cheung 2019) Silveirinha 2019)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Chong and (Harlow 2019) (Dimitrova, (Druckman and (Fleming,


Druckman 2007a) Ozdora-Aksak, Nelson 2003) McLean, and
and Connolly- Tatalovich 2018)
Ahern 2018)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Nelson, Oxley, (Boeynaems et (Dominic L. (T. H. Baek and (Hopkins and


and Clawson al. 2017) Lasorsa, Suk, and Yoon 2017) Mummolo 2017)
1997) Fadnis 2018)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
ESPIRAL DO SILÊNCIO I

9ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/pw0AQTCudLE

(Elisabeth Noelle- (Elisabeth Noelle- (Elisabeth Noelle- (E. Noelle- (C. T. Salmon and
Neumann 1974) Neumann 1977) Neumann 1998) Neumann 1991) Neuwirth 1990)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Taylor 1982) (Chan 2018) (Glynn, Hayes, (Lin and Salwen (J. Matthes, Rios
and Shanahan 1997) Morrison, and
1997) Schemer 2010)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Charles T. (Scheufle and (Glynn and (Gunther et al. (Hayes,


Salmon and Kline Moy 2000) Mcleod 2014) 2001) Shanahan, and
1985) Glynn 2001)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Moy, Domke, (Neuwirth, (Willnat, Lee, and (Jörg Matthes, (D. L. Lasorsa
and Stamm 2001) Frederick, and Detenber 2002) Knoll, and von 1991)
Mayo 2007) Sikorski 2018)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
ESPIRAL DO SILÊNCIO II

10ª. SESSÃO

(Chaudhry and (Thurre, Gale, (Hampton, Shin, (Chun and Lee (Zerback and
Gruzd 2019) and Staerklé and Lu 2017) 2017) Fawzi 2016)
2020)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Yun, Park, and (Stoycheff 2016) (Sherrick and (Pang et al. 2016) (Neubaum and
Lee 2016) Hoewe 2018) Krämer 2018)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(E.-J. J. Lee and (Shen and Wang (Chia 2020) (Porten-Cheé and (Miyata,
Cho 2018) 2015) Eilders 2015) Yamamoto, and
Ogawa 2015)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Gearhart and (N. Y. Lee and (Eilders and (Soffer and (Wu and Atkin
Zhang 2015) Kim 2014) Porten-Cheé Gordoni 2017) 2018)
2015)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
A HIPÓTESE DO CULTIVO I
11ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/Tmbmnlr2vmg

(Potter 1993) (Morgan and (Gerbner and (Potter 2014) (Gerbner 1998)
Shanahan 1997) Gross 1976)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

(Ladewig 2020) (Shrum, (Hughes 1980) (Jonathan Cohen (Signorielli,


Burroughs, and and Weimann Morgan, and
Rindfleisch 2005) 2000) Shanahan 2019)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Scharrer and (Morgan and (Romer, (Shrum 1995) (Williams 2006)


Blackburn 2018) Shanahan 2010) Jamieson, and
Aday 2003)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Hirsch 1981) (Lett, DiPietro, (Tsay-Vogel, (Van Mierlo and (Gerbner et al.
and Johnson Shanahan, and Van den Bulck 1986)
2004) Signorielli 2018) 2004)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo
A HIPÓTESE DO CULTIVO II
12ª. SESSÃO

(Gross and Aday (Nabi and (Good 2009) (Simmons 2017) (Calzo and Ward
2003) Sullivan 2001) 2009)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Witzel, Koch, (Dahlstrom and (Quick 2009) (Nico and (Shrum and
and Kaminski Scheufele 2010) HAUßECKER Bischak 2001)
2017) 2017)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Chadee, Smith, (Custers and Van (Bilandzic and (Yamamoto and (Roche, Pickett,
and Ferguson den Bulck 2013) Busselle 2008) Ran 2014) and Gertz 2016)
2019)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Shanahan, (Custers and (Breuer et al. (Britto and Noga- (Seabrook et al.
Morgan, and McNallie 2017) 2015) Styron 2014) 2017)
Stenbjerre 1997)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
THIRD-PERSON EFFECT I

13ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/R4zRZuShSs8

(Perloff 1989) (Perloff 1993) (Davison 1983) (Perloff 1999) (Gunther 1991)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim

(Mutz 1989) (Rucinski and (Jeremy Cohen et (Davison 1996) (Paul, Salwen,
Salmon 1990) al. 1988) and Dupagne
2000)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Rojas, Shah, and (McLeod, (Salwen 1998) (Chung and Kim (Gunther 1995)
Faber 1996) Eveland, and 2020)
Nathanson 1997)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Gunther and (Landrum and (Corbu et al. (Gunther and (Price,


Thorson 1992) Olshansky 2020) 2020) Mundy 1993) Tewksbury, and
Huang 1998)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim
THIRD-PERSON EFFECT II

14ª. SESSÃO

(W. P. Eveland et (Brosius and (Gunther and (Gunther et al. (Scharrer and
al. 1999) Engel 1996) Storey 2003) 2006) Leone 2008)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Duck and Mullin (Ștefăniță, Corbu, (Jensen and (Pham, Shancer, (Jeremy Cohen
1995) and Buturoiu Hurley 2005) and Nelson 2019) and Davis 1991)
2018)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(S.-Y. Park 2005) (Y. M. Baek et al. (Sun, Pan, and (H. S. Park et al. (Jonathan Cohen,
2018) Shen 2008) 2012) Tsfati, and
Sheafer 2008)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Jang and Kim (Duck, Terry, and (Elder, Douglas, (Banning and (Jonathan Cohen
2018) Hogg 1995) and Sutton 2006) Sweetser 2007) and Tsfati 2009)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
HOSTILE MEDIA PHENOMENON

15ª. SESSÃO
https://youtu.be/4ju9a7xIe6M

(Vallone, Ross, (Giner-Sorolla (Gunther and (William P. (Gunther 1992)


and Lepper 1985) and Chaiken Schmitt 2004) Eveland and Shah
1994) 2003)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Geisa Silva Carlos Humberto Robert Pinheiro Débora Britto
Raíza Silva Kaio de Jesus Pedro Nascimento Roberval Santos Luiz Gehlen
Wallison Araújo

(Coe et al. 2008) (Perloff 2015) (Rojas 2010) (Gunther and (Gunther and
Chia 2001) Liebhart 2006)
Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Gabriela Wenzel Eugénio Evandeco Letícia Alcântara
Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Iago Silva Eliane Roque Leonardo Almeida
Michelle Rubim

(Morris 2007) (Gearhart, Moe, (Arceneaux, (Schulz, Wirth, (Arpan and


and Zhang 2020) Johnson, and and Müller 2020) Raney 2003)
Murphy 2012)
Allyneanhy Oliveira Débora Britto Gabriela Wenzel Carlos Humberto Letícia Alcântara
Raíza Silva Luiz Gehlen Iago Silva Pedro Nascimento Leonardo Almeida

(Y. Kim and (Christen, (Tsfati 2007) (Hwang, Pan, and (Choi, Yang, and
Hwang 2018) Kannaovakun, Sun 2008) Chang 2009)
and Gunther
2002)
Robert Pinheiro Mateus Oliveira Emerson Nunes Geisa Silva Eugénio Evandeco
Roberval Santos Luana Lia Sena Antônio Heleno Kaio de Jesus Eliane Roque
Wallison Araújo Michelle Rubim
LISTA DE REFERÊNCIAS
(use o DOI ou a URL para baixar)

Abraham, Linus, and Osei Appiah. 2006. “Framing News Stories: The Role of Visual
Imagery in Priming Racial Stereotypes.” Howard Journal of Communications 17(3):
183–203. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10646170600829584.
Althaus, Scott L., and Young Mie Kim. 2006. “Priming Effects in Complex Information
Discourse on Presidential Approval.” Journal of Politics 68(4): 960–76.
Arceneaux, Kevin, Martin Johnson, and Chad Murphy. 2012. “Polarized Political
Communication, Oppositional Media Hostility, and Selective Exposure.” The
Journal of Politics 74(01): 174–86.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S002238161100123X (June 2,
2014).
Arpan, Laura M., and Arthur A. Raney. 2003. “An Experimental Investigation of News
Source and the Hostile Media Effect.” Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterly 80(2): 265–81.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769900308000203 (May 23,
2014).
Baek, Tae Hyun, and Sukki Yoon. 2017. “Guilt and Shame: Environmental Message
Framing Effects.” Journal of Advertising 46(3): 440–53.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00913367.2017.1321069.
Baek, Young Min et al. 2018. “Fake News Should Be Regulated Because It Influences
Both ‘Others’ and ‘Me’: How and Why the Influence of Presumed Influence Model
Should Be Extended.” Mass Communication and Society 22(3):
15205436.2018.1562076.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15205436.2018.1562076 (July 21,
2020).
Banning, Stephen A., and Kaye D. Sweetser. 2007. “How Much Do They Think It Affects
Them and Whom Do They Believe?: Comparing the Third-Person Effect and
Credibility of Blogs and Traditional Media.” Communication Quarterly 55(4): 451–
66. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01463370701665114.
BARBERÁ, PABLO et al. 2019. “Who Leads? Who Follows? Measuring Issue Attention
and Agenda Setting by Legislators and the Mass Public Using Social Media Data.”
American Political Science Review 113(4): 883–901.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055419000352/type/j
ournal_article.
Bilandzic, Helena, and Rick W. Busselle. 2008. “Transportation and Transportability in
the Cultivation of Genre-Consistent Attitudes and Estimates.” Journal of
Communication 58(3): 508–29. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2008.00397.x.
BIRKLAND, THOMAS A. 1998. “Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting.”
Journal of Public Policy 18(1): 53–74.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0143814X98000038 (July 17,
2012).
Birkland, Thomas A., and Regina G. Lawrence. 2009. “Media Framing and Policy
Change After Columbine.” American Behavioral Scientist 52(10): 1405–25.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764209332555.
Boeynaems, Amber, Christian Burgers, Elly A. Konijn, and Gerard J. Steen. 2017. “The
Effects of Metaphorical Framing on Political Persuasion: A Systematic Literature
Review.” Metaphor and Symbol 32(2): 118–34.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926488.2017.1297623.
Breuer, Johannes, Rachel Kowert, Ruth Festl, and Thorsten Quandt. 2015. “Sexist
Games=Sexist Gamers? A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Video
Game Use and Sexist Attitudes.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking 18(4): 197–202.
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2014.0492.
Brewer, Marcus, and Maxwell McCombs. 1996. “Setting the Community Agenda.”
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73(1): 7–16.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769909607300102.
Brewer, P. R., J. Graf, and L. Willnat. 2003. “Priming or Framing: Media Influence on
Attitudes Toward Foreign Countries.” International Communication Gazette 65(6):
493–508. http://gaz.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0016549203065006005 (July
15, 2012).
Britto, Sarah, and Krystal E. Noga-Styron. 2014. “Media Consumption and Support for
Capital Punishment.” Criminal Justice Review 39(1): 81–100.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0734016814522645.
Bronstein, Carolyn. 2005. “Representing the Third Wave: Mainstream Print Media
Framing of a New Feminist Movement.” Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterly 82(4): 783–803.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769900508200403.
Brosius, Hans-Bernd, and Dirk Engel. 1996. “The Causes of Third-Person Effects:
Unrealistic Optimism, Impersonal Impact, or Generalized Negative Attitudes
Towards Media Influence?” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 8(2):
142–62. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/8.2.142.
Brown, Noel, and Craig Deegan. 1998. “The Public Disclosure of Environmental
Performance Information—a Dual Test of Media Agenda Setting Theory and
Legitimacy Theory.” Accounting and Business Research 29(1): 21–41.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00014788.1998.9729564.
Bushman, Brad J. 1998. “Priming Effects of Media Violence on the Accessibility of
Aggressive Constructs in Memory.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
24(5): 537–45. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167298245009.
Calzo, Jerel P., and L. Monique Ward. 2009. “Media Exposure and Viewers’ Attitudes
Toward Homosexuality: Evidence for Mainstreaming or Resonance?” Journal of
Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53(2): 280–99.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838150902908049 (May 7,
2014).
Chadee, Derek, Sven Smith, and Christopher J. Ferguson. 2019. “Murder She Watched:
Does Watching News or Fictional Media Cultivate Fear of Crime?” Psychology of
Popular Media Culture 8(2): 125–33.
http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/ppm0000158.
Chan, Michael. 2018. “Reluctance to Talk About Politics in Face-to-Face and Facebook
Settings: Examining the Impact of Fear of Isolation, Willingness to Self-Censor, and
Peer Network Characteristics.” Mass Communication and Society 21(1): 1–23.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15205436.2017.1358819 (August
15, 2020).
Chaudhry, Irfan, and Anatoliy Gruzd. 2019. “Expressing and Challenging Racist
Discourse on Facebook: How Social Media Weaken the ‘Spiral of Silence’ Theory.”
Policy & Internet 12(1): 88–108. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/poi3.197 (October
7, 2020).
Chia, Stella C. 2020. “Who Speaks and Why? An Examination of Outspokenness on
Social Networking Sites and a Reflection on Assessing Public Opinion Online.”
International Journal of Public Opinion Research 32(3): 421–41.
https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article/32/3/421/5559551 (October 7, 2020).
Choi, Jounghwa, Myengja Yang, and Jeongheon J. C. Chang. 2009. “Elaboration of the
Hostile Media Phenomenon: The Roles of Involvement, Media Skepticism,
Congruency of Perceived Media Influence, and Perceived Opinion Climate.”
Communication Research 36(1): 54–75.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093650208326462 (April 4, 2012).
Chong, Dennis, and James N. Druckman. 2007a. “A Theory of Framing and Opinion
Formation in Competitive Elite Environments.” Journal of Communication 57(1):
99–118. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00331.x (March 12,
2012).
———. 2007b. “Framing Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 10(1): 103–26.
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054.
Christen, Cindy T., Prathana Kannaovakun, and Albert C. Gunther. 2002. “Hostile Media
Perceptions: Partisan Assessments of Press and Public during the 1997 United
Parcel Service Strike.” Political Communication 19(4): 423–36.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584600290109988 (August 1,
2014).
Chun, Jung Won, and Moon J. Lee. 2017. “When Does Individuals’ Willingness to Speak
out Increase on Social Media? Perceived Social Support and Perceived
Power/Control.” Computers in Human Behavior 74: 120–29.
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563217302480 (August 15,
2020).
Chung, Myojung, and Nuri Kim. 2020. “When I Learn the News Is False: How Fact-
Checking Information Stems the Spread of Fake News Via Third-Person
Perception.” Human Communication Research.
https://academic.oup.com/hcr/advance-
article/doi/10.1093/hcr/hqaa010/5917727 (November 14, 2020).
Coe, Kevin et al. 2008. “Hostile News: Partisan Use and Perceptions of Cable News
Programming.” Journal of Communication 58(2): 201–19.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00381.x (March 4, 2012).
Cohen, Jeremy, and Robert G. Davis. 1991. “Third-Person Effects and the Differential
Impact in Negative Political Advertising.” Journalism Quarterly 68(4): 680–88.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769909106800409.
Cohen, Jeremy, Diana Mutz, Vincent Price, and Albert C. Gunther. 1988. “Perceived
Impact of Defamation: An Experiment on Third-Person Effects.” Public Opinion
Quarterly 52(2): 161. http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/269092 (July
16, 2012).
Cohen, Jonathan, Y. Tsfati, and T. Sheafer. 2008. “The Influence of Presumed Media
Influence in Politics: Do Politicians’ Perceptions of Media Power Matter?” Public
Opinion Quarterly 72(2): 331–44. https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-
lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfn014.
Cohen, Jonathan, and Yariv Tsfati. 2009. “The Influence of Presumed Media Influence
on Strategic Voting.” Communication Research 36(3): 359–78.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093650209333026 (April 3, 2012).
Cohen, Jonathan, and Gabriel Weimann. 2000. “Cultivation Revisited: Some Genres
Have Some Effects on Some Viewers.” Communication Reports 13(2): 99–114.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08934210009367728.
Corbu, Nicoleta, Denisa-Adriana Oprea, Elena Negrea-Busuioc, and Loredana Radu.
2020. “‘They Can’t Fool Me, but They Can Fool the Others!’ Third Person Effect
and Fake News Detection.” European Journal of Communication 35(2): 165–80.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0267323120903686 (May 27, 2020).
Custers, Kathleen, and Jan Van den Bulck. 2013. “The Cultivation of Fear of Sexual
Violence in Women.” Communication Research 40(1): 96–124.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650212440444.
Custers, Kathleen, and Jenna McNallie. 2017. “The Relationship Between Television
Sports Exposure and Rape Myth Acceptance: The Mediating Role of Sexism and
Sexual Objectification of Women.” Violence Against Women 23(7): 813–29.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077801216651340.
D’Angelo, Paul. 2002. “News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: A
Response to Entman.” Journal of Communication 52(4): 870–88.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02578.x (July 12, 2012).
Dahlstrom, Michael F., and Dietram A. Scheufele. 2010. “Diversity of Television
Exposure and Its Association with the Cultivation of Concern for Environmental
Risks.” Environmental Communication 4(1): 54–65.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17524030903509709.
Davison, W. Phillips. 1983. “The Third-Person Effect in Communication.” Public Opinion
Quarterly 47(1): 1–15. http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/268763
(August 22, 2012).
———. 1996. “The Third-Person Effect Revisited.” International Journal of Public
Opinion Research 8(2): 113–19.
http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/8.2.113 (July 16, 2012).
Dimitrova, Daniela V., Emel Ozdora-Aksak, and Colleen Connolly-Ahern. 2018. “On the
Border of the Syrian Refugee Crisis: Views From Two Different Cultural
Perspectives.” American Behavioral Scientist 62(4): 532–46.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218756920.
Dixon, Travis L., and Keith B. Maddox. 2005. “Skin Tone, Crime News, and Social Reality
Judgments: Priming the Stereotype of the Dark and Dangerous Black Criminal1.”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35(8): 1555–70.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02184.x.
Domke, D., D. V. Shah, and D. B. Wackman. 1998. “Media Priming Effects: Accessibility,
Association, and Activation.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research
10(1): 51–74. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/10.1.51.
Domke, David, Kelley McCoy, and Marcos Torres. 1999. “News Media, Racial
Perceptions, and Political Cognition.” Communication Research 26(5): 570–607.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365099026005003 (April 4, 2012).
Druckman, James N. 2001a. “On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame?” The
Journal of Politics 63(4): 1041–66.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022381600001006 (July 16,
2012).
———. 2001b. “The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence.” Political
Behavior 23(3): 225–56. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1015006907312.
DRUCKMAN, JAMES N., and JUSTIN W. HOLMES. 2004. “Does Presidential Rhetoric
Matter? Priming and Presidential Approval.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34(4):
755–78. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00222.x.
Druckman, James N., and Kjersten R. Nelson. 2003. “Framing and Deliberation: How
Citizens’ Conversations Limit Elite Influence.” American Journal of Political Science
47(4): 729–45. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1540-5907.00051 (July 24, 2012).
Druckman, James N. 2004. “Priming the Vote: Campaign Effects in a U.S. Senate
Election.” Political Psychology 25(4): 577–94.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00388.x (July 19, 2012).
Duck, Julie M., and Barbara-Ann Mullin. 1995. “The Perceived Impact of the Mass
Media: Reconsidering the Third Person Effect.” European Journal of Social
Psychology 25(1): 77–93. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ejsp.2420250107.
Duck, Julie M., Deborah J. Terry, and Michael A. Hogg. 1995. “The Perceived Influence
of AIDS Advertising: Third-Person Effects in the Context of Positive Media
Content.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 17(3): 305–25.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15324834basp1703_2 (July 16,
2012).
Van Duyn, Emily, and Jessica Collier. 2019. “Priming and Fake News: The Effects of Elite
Discourse on Evaluations of News Media.” Mass Communication and Society
22(1): 29–48.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15205436.2018.1511807 (May
26, 2020).
Edwards, George C., and B. Dan Wood. 1999. “Who Influences Whom? The President,
Congress, and the Media.” American Political Science Review 93(02): 327–44.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S000305540021736X.
Eilders, Christiane, and Pablo Porten-Cheé. 2015. “The Spiral of Silence Revisited.” In
Political Communication in the Online World: Theoretical Approaches and
Research Designs, eds. Gerhard Vowe and Philipp Henn. Taylor & Francis Group.
Elder, Tracey J., Karen M. Douglas, and Robbie M. Sutton. 2006. “Perceptions of Social
Influence When Messages Favour ‘Us’ versus ‘Them’: A Closer Look at the Social
Distance Effect.” European Journal of Social Psychology 36(3): 353–65.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ejsp.300 (April 13, 2012).
Entman, Robert M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.”
Journal of Communication 43(4): 51–58. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.1993.tb01304.x (July 19, 2012).
———. 2007. “Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power.” Journal of
Communication 57(1): 163–73. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2006.00336.x (March 1, 2012).
———. 2010. “Media Framing Biases and Political Power: Explaining Slant in News of
Campaign 2008.” Journalism 11(4): 389–408.
http://jou.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1464884910367587 (April 22, 2012).
Entman, Robert M., and Andrew Rojecki. 1993. “Freezing out the Public: Elite and
Media Framing of the U.S. Anti-Nuclear Movement.” Political Communication
10(2): 155–73.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962973.
Erbring, Lutz, Edie N. Goldenberg, and Arthur H. Miller. 1980. “Front-Page News and
Real-World Cues: A New Look at Agenda-Setting by the Media.” American Journal
of Political Science 24(1): 16.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2110923?origin=crossref.
Eveland, W. P., A. I. Nathanson, Benjamin H. Detenber, and Douglas M. McLeod. 1999.
“Rethinking the Social Distance Corollary: Perceived Likelihood of Exposure and
the Third-Person Perception.” Communication Research 26(3): 275–302.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365099026003001 (April 1, 2012).
Eveland, William P., and Dhavan V. Shah. 2003. “The Impact of Individual and
Interpersonal Factors on Perceived News Media Bias.” Political Psychology 24(1):
101–17. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/0162-895X.00318 (May 23, 2014).
Fleming, Anthony, Dylan S. McLean, and Raymond Tatalovich. 2018. “Debating Gun
Control in Canada and the United States: Divergent Policy Frames and Political
Cultures.” World Affairs 181(4): 348–71.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0043820018812609.
GAMSON, WILLIAM A. 1989. “News as Framing.” American Behavioral Scientist 33(2):
157–61. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764289033002006.
Gearhart, Sherice, Alexander Moe, and Bingbing Zhang. 2020. “Hostile Media Bias on
Social Media: Testing the Effect of User Comments on Perceptions of News Bias
and Credibility.” Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2(2): 140–48.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbe2.185 (May 27, 2020).
Gearhart, Sherice, and Weiwu Zhang. 2015. “‘Was It Something I Said?’ ‘No, It Was
Something You Posted!’ A Study of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Social Media
Contexts.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18(4): 208–13.
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2014.0443 (August 15, 2020).
Gerbner, George. 1998. “Cultivation Analysis: An Overview.” Mass Communication and
Society 1(3–4): 175–94.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205436.1998.9677855.
Gerbner, George, and Larry Gross. 1976. “Living With Television: The Violence Profile.”
Journal of Communication 26(2): 172–94. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.1976.tb01397.x (July 24, 2012).
Gerbner, George, Larry Gross, Michael Morgan, and Nancy Signorielli. 1986. “Living
with Television: The Dynamics of the Cultivation Process.” In Perspectives on
Media Effects, eds. Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zillmann. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence
Erlbaum, 17–40.
Giner-Sorolla, Roger, and Shelly Chaiken. 1994. “The Causes of Hostile Media
Judgments.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 30(2): 165–80.
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022103184710080.
Glynn, Carroll J., Andrew F. Hayes, and James Shanahan. 1997. “Perceived Support for
One’s Opinions and Willingness to Speak out: A Meta-Analysis of Survey Studies
on the ‘Spiral of Silence.’” Public Opinion Quarterly 61: 452–63.
Glynn, Carroll J., and Jack M. Mcleod. 2014. “Public Opinion Du Jour : An Examination
of the Spiral of Silence.” Public Opinion Quarterly 48(4): 731–40.
Good, Jennifer Ellen. 2009. “The Cultivation, Mainstreaming, and Cognitive Processing
of Environmentalists Watching Television.” Environmental Communication 3(3):
279–97. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17524030903229746.
Van Gorp, Baldwin. 2007. “The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture
Back In.” Journal of Communication 57(1): 60–78.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00329.x (March 3, 2012).
GREEN-PEDERSEN, CHRISTOFFER, and PETER B. MORTENSEN. 2010. “Who Sets the
Agenda and Who Responds to It in the Danish Parliament? A New Model of Issue
Competition and Agenda-Setting.” European Journal of Political Research 49(2):
257–81. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01897.x (March 28,
2012).
Gross, Kimberly, and Sean Aday. 2003. “The Scary World in Your Living Room and
Neighborhood: Using Local Broadcast News, Neighborhood Crime Rates, and
Personal Experience to Test Agenda Setting and Cultivation.” Journal of
Communication 53(3): 411–26. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2003.tb02599.x.
Gunther, Albert C. 1991. “What We Think Others Think: Cause and Consequence in the
Third-Person Effect.” Communication Research 18(3): 355–72.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365091018003004 (April 13, 2012).
———. 1992. “Biased Press or Biased Public? Attitudes Toward Media Coverage of
Social Groups.” Public Opinion Quarterly 56(2): 147.
http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/269308 (July 24, 2012).
———. 1995. “Overrating the X-Rating: The Third-Person Perception and Support for
Censorship of Pornography.” Journal of Communication 45(1): 27–38.
https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/45/1/27-38/4160191.
———. 2006. “Presumed Influence on Peer Norms: How Mass Media Indirectly Affect
Adolescent Smoking.” Journal of Communication 56(1): 52–68.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00002.x (March 1, 2012).
Gunther, Albert C., and Stella C. Chia. 2001. “Predicting Pluralistic Ignorance: The
Hostile Media Perception and Its Consequences.” Journalism & Mass
Communication Quarterly 78(4): 688–701.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769900107800405 (July 19,
2012).
Gunther, Albert C., Cindy T. Christen, Janice L. Liebhart, and Stella C. Chia. 2001.
“Congenial Public, Contrary Press, and Biased Estimates of the Climate of
Opinion.” Public Opinion Quarterly 65(3): 295–320.
http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/322846 (April 4, 2012).
Gunther, Albert C., and Janice L. Liebhart. 2006. “Broad Reach or Biased Source?
Decomposing the Hostile Media Effect.” Journal of Communication 56(3): 449–66.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00295.x (March 20, 2012).
Gunther, Albert C., and Paul Mundy. 1993. “Biased Optimism and the Third-Person
Effect.” Journalism Quarterly 70(1): 58–67.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769909307000107.
Gunther, Albert C., and Kathleen Schmitt. 2004. “Mapping Boundaries of the Hostile
Media Effect.” Journal of Communication 54(1): 55–70.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02613.x (July 31, 2014).
Gunther, Albert C., and J. Douglas Storey. 2003. “The Influence of Presumed
Influence.” Journal of Communication 53(2): 199–215.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02586.x.
Gunther, Albert C., and E. Thorson. 1992. “Perceived Persuasive Effects of Product
Commercials and Public Service Announcements: Third-Person Effects in New
Domains.” Communication Research 19(5): 574–96.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365092019005002 (April 13, 2012).
Hampton, Keith N., Inyoung Shin, and Weixu Lu. 2017. “Social Media and Political
Discussion: When Online Presence Silences Offline Conversation.” Information,
Communication & Society 20(7): 1090–1107.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1218526.
Harlow, Summer. 2019. “Framing #Ferguson: A Comparative Analysis of Media Tweets
in the U.S., U.K., Spain, and France.” International Communication Gazette 81(6–
8): 623–43. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1748048518822610 (May
26, 2020).
Harris, Phil, Ioannis Kolovos, and Andrew Lock. 2001. “Who Sets the Agenda? - An
Analysis of Agenda Setting and Press Coverage in the 1999 Greek European
Elections.” European Journal of Marketing 35(9/10): 1117–35.
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/03090560110401947 (July 24, 2012).
Hayes, Andrew F., James Shanahan, and Carroll J. Glynn. 2001. “Willingness to Express
One’s Opinion in a Realistic Situation as a Function of Perceived Support for That
Opinion.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 13(1): 45–58.
http://ijpor.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/13.1.45 (May 7, 2014).
Hirsch, Paul M. 1981. “On Not Learning from One’s Own Mistakes: A Reanalysis of
Gerbner et Ally’s Findings on Cultivation Analysis Part II.” Communication
Research 8(1): 3–37.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/009365028100800101.
Holbrook, R. Andrew, and Timothy G. Hill. 2005. “Agenda-Setting and Priming in Prime
Time Television: Crime Dramas as Political Cues.” Political Communication 22(3):
277–95. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584600591006519
(May 14, 2012).
Hopkins, Daniel J., and Jonathan Mummolo. 2017. “Assessing the Breadth of Framing
Effects.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 12(1): 37–57.
http://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/QJPS-15139.
Huck, Iinga, O. Quiring, and Hans-Bernd Brosius. 2009. “Perceptual Phenomena in the
Agenda Setting Process.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 21(2):
139–64. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/edp019 (April 10,
2012).
Hughes, Michael. 1980. “The Fruits of Cultivation Analysis: A Reexamination of Some
Effects of Television Watching.” Public Opinion Quarterly 44(3): 287.
https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1086/268597.
Hwang, Hyunseo, Zhongdang Pan, and Ye Sun. 2008. “Influence of Hostile Media
Perception on Willingness to Engage in Discursive Activities: An Examination of
Mediating Role of Media Indignation.” Media Psychology 11(1): 76–97.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15213260701813454.
Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. 1987a. “Priming and Presidential Responsibility;
Victims of Priming; Electoral Consequences of Priming.” In News That Matters, ,
82–11.
———. 1987b. “The Priming Effect; Priming and Presidential Character.” In News That
Matters, , 63–81.
IYENGAR, SHANTO, and ADAM SIMON. 1993. “News Coverage of the Gulf Crisis and
Public Opinion.” Communication Research 20(3): 365–83.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/009365093020003002.
Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1994. “Issues, Candidate Image, and
Priming: The Use of Private Polls in Kennedy’s 1960 Presidential Campaign.”
American Political Science Review 88(03): 527–40.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003055400093631.
Jang, S. Mo, and Joon K. Kim. 2018. “Third Person Effects of Fake News: Fake News
Regulation and Media Literacy Interventions.” Computers in Human Behavior 80:
295–302. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563217306726.
Jensen, Jakob D., and Ryan J Hurley. 2005. “Third-Person Effects and the Environment:
Social Distance, Social Desirability, and Presumed Behavior.” Journal of
Communication 55(2): 242–56. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2005.tb02670.x (March 1, 2012).
Kellstedt, Paul M. 2000. “Media Framing and the Dynamics of Racial Policy
Preferences.” American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 245.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2669308?origin=crossref.
Kim, S.-H., D. a. Scheufele, and J. Shanahan. 2002. “Think about It This Way: Attribute
Agenda-Setting Function of the Press and the Public’s Evaluation of a Local Issue.”
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79(1): 7–25.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769900207900102.
Kim, Youngju, and Hyunseo Hwang. 2018. “When Partisans See Media Coverage as
Hostile: The Effect of Uncivil Online Comments on Hostile Media Effect.” Media
Psychology: 1–22.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15213269.2018.1554492.
Kiousis, S. 2005. “Compelling Arguments and Attitude Strength: Exploring the Impact
of Second-Level Agenda Setting on Public Opinion of Presidential Candidate
Images.” The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 10(2): 3–27.
http://hij.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1081180X05276095 (April 20, 2012).
Kiousis, S., and M. McCombs. 2004. “Agenda-Setting Effects and Attitude Strength:
Political Figures during the 1996 Presidential Election.” Communication Research
31(1): 36–57. http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093650203260205 (April
17, 2012).
Kiousis, Spiro, Michael Mitrook, Xu Wu, and Trent Seltzer. 2006. “First- and Second-
Level Agenda-Building and Agenda-Setting Effects: Exploring the Linkages Among
Candidate News Releases, Media Coverage, and Public Opinion During the 2002
Florida Gubernatorial Election.” Journal of Public Relations Research 18(3): 265–
85. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1803_4.
Kiss, Simon J. 2013. “Legislation by Agenda-Setting: Assessing the Media’s Role in the
Regulation of Bisphenol A in the U.S. States.” Mass Communication and Society
16(5): 687–712.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205436.2013.768345.
Ladewig, Jeffrey W. 2020. “Murder and Presidential Elections: A Cultivation‐Based
Issue‐Ownership Theory of Local Television News and Its Geographic Structure.”
Presidential Studies Quarterly: psq.12683.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/psq.12683 (October 12, 2020).
Landrum, Asheley R., and Alex Olshansky. 2020. “Third-Person Perceptions and Calls
for Censorship of Flat Earth Videos on YouTube.” Media and Communication 8(2):
387–400.
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/2853.
Lasorsa, D. L. 1991. “Political Outspokenness: Factors Working against the Spiral of
Silence.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 68(1–2): 131–40.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769909106800114.
Lasorsa, Dominic L., Jiyoun Suk, and Deepa Fadnis. 2018. “Framing of Same-Sex
Marriage over 17 Years in Two Newspapers Is Linked to Ideology Especially in
Election Years.” Newspaper Research Journal 39(2): 191–204.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0739532918775666.
Lee, Eun-Ju Ju, and Eugene Cho. 2018. “When Using Facebook to Avoid Isolation
Reduces Perceived Social Support.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking 21(1): 32–39.
http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2016.0602 (August 15, 2020).
Lee, Na Yeon, and Yonghwan Kim. 2014. “The Spiral of Silence and Journalists’
Outspokenness on Twitter.” Asian Journal of Communication 24(3): 262–78.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01292986.2014.885536 (August
15, 2020).
Lett, Meridith Diane, Andrea Lynn DiPietro, and Danette Ifert Johnson. 2004.
“Examining Effects of Television News Violence on College Students through
Cultivation Theory.” Communication Research Reports 21(1): 39–46.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08824090409359965.
Lin, Carolyn A., and Michael B. Salwen. 1997. “Predicting the Spiral of Silence on a
Controversial Public Issue.” Howard Journal of Communications 8(1): 129–41.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10646179709361747.
Lo, Wai Han, Benson Shu Yan Lam, and Meily Mei Fung Cheung. 2019. “The Dynamics
of Political Elections: A Big Data Analysis of Intermedia Framing Between Social
Media and News Media.” Social Science Computer Review: 089443931987659.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439319876593 (May 26, 2020).
Lopez-Escobar, E., J. P. Llamas, and M. McCombs. 1998. “AGENDA SETTING AND
COMMUNITY CONSENSUS: FIRST AND SECOND LEVEL EFFECTS.” International
Journal of Public Opinion Research 10(4): 335–48.
https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ijpor/10.4.335.
Lopez-Escobar, E., Juan Pablo Llamas, M. McCombs, and Federico Rey Lennon. 1998.
“Two Levels of Agenda Setting Among Advertising and News in the 1995 Spanish
Elections.” Political Communication 15(2): 225–38.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584609809342367 (July 24,
2012).
Matthes, J., K. Rios Morrison, and C. Schemer. 2010. “A Spiral of Silence for Some:
Attitude Certainty and the Expression of Political Minority Opinions.”
Communication Research 37(6): 774–800.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093650210362685 (May 6, 2012).
Matthes, Jörg. 2009. “What’s in a Frame? A Content Analysis of Media Framing Studies
in the World’s Leading Communication Journals, 1990-2005.” Journalism & Mass
Communication Quarterly 86(2): 349–67.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769900908600206.
Matthes, Jörg, Johannes Knoll, and Christian von Sikorski. 2018. “The ‘Spiral of Silence’
Revisited: A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Perceptions of Opinion
Support and Political Opinion Expression.” Communication Research 45(1): 3–33.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650217745429 (August 15, 2020).
McCombs, M. 2005. “A Look at Agenda-Setting: Past, Present and Future.” Journalism
Studies 6(4): 543–57.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700500250438 (March 17,
2012).
McCombs, M., J. P. Llamas, E. Lopez-Escobar, and F. Rey. 1997. “Candidate Images in
Spanish Elections: Second-Level Agenda-Setting Effects.” Journalism & Mass
Communication Quarterly 74(4): 703–17.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769909707400404.
McCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. 1993. “The Evolution of Agenda-Setting
Research: Twenty-Five Years in the Marketplace of Ideas.” Journal of
Communication 43(2): 58–67. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.1993.tb01262.x.
McCombs, Maxwell E., Donald L. Shaw, and David H. Weaver. 2014. “New Directions in
Agenda-Setting Theory and Research.” Mass Communication and Society 17(6):
781–802. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205436.2014.964871
(May 17, 2017).
McCombs, Maxwell, and Donald Shaw. 1972. “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass
Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36(2): 176.
http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/267990 (July 16, 2012).
McCombs, Maxwell, and Jian-Hua Zhu. 1995. “Capacity, Diversity, and Volatility of the
Public Agenda: Trends From 1954 to 1994.” Public Opinion Quarterly 59(4): 495–
525. https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1086/269491.
McLeod, Douglas M., W. P. Eveland, and A. I. Nathanson. 1997. “Support for
Censorship of Violent and Misogynic Rap Lyrics: An Analysis of the Third-Person
Effect.” Communication Research 24(2): 153–74.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365097024002003 (March 4, 2012).
Mendelsohn, Matthew. 1996. “The Media and Interpersonal Communications: The
Priming of Issues, Leaders, and Party Identification.” The Journal of Politics 58(1):
112–25. http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022381600043218 (June
2, 2014).
Mendonça, R., and P. Guimarães. 2012. “Enquadramento. Diferentes
Operacionalizações Analíticas de Um Conceito.” Revista Brasileira de Ciências
Sociais 27(79): 187–201.
Van Mierlo, Jan, and Jan Van den Bulck. 2004. “Benchmarking the Cultivation Approach
to Video Game Effects: A Comparison of the Correlates of TV Viewing and Game
Play.” Journal of Adolescence 27(1): 97–111.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15013263 (May 7, 2014).
Miyata, Kakuko, Hitoshi Yamamoto, and Yuki Ogawa. 2015. “What Affects the Spiral of
Silence and the Hard Core on Twitter? An Analysis of the Nuclear Power Issue in
Japan.” American Behavioral Scientist 59(9): 1129–41.
http://abs.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0002764215580618 (August 8, 2016).
Morgan, Michael, and James Shanahan. 1997. “Two Decades of Cultivation Research:
An Appraisal and Meta-Analysis.” Annals of the International Communication
Association 20(1): 1–45.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23808985.1997.11678937.
———. 2010. “The State of Cultivation.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
54(2): 337–55.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838151003735018 (April 30,
2014).
Morris, Jonathan S. 2007. “Slanted Objectivity? Perceived Media Bias, Cable News
Exposure, and Political Attitudes.” Social Science Quarterly 88(3): 707–28.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00479.x.
Moy, P., D. Domke, and K. Stamm. 2001. “The Spiral of Silence and Public Opinion on
Affirmative Action.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 78(1): 7–25.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769900107800102 (March 28,
2014).
Mrogers, Everett, and James Wdearing. 1988. “Agenda-Setting Research: Where Has It
Been, Where Is It Going?” Annals of the International Communication Association
11(1): 555–94.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23808985.1988.11678708.
Mutz, Diana C. 1989. “The Influence of Perceptions of Media Influence: Third Person
Effects and the Public Expression of Opinions.” International Journal of Public
Opinion Research 1(1): 3–23.
http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/1.1.3.
Nabi, Robin L., and John L. Sullivan. 2001. “Does Television Viewing Relate to
Engagement in Protective Action Against Crime?: A Cultivation Analysis From a
Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective.” Communication Research 28(6): 802–25.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365001028006004 (July 24, 2012).
Nelson, Thomas E., Rosalee A. Clawson, and Zoe M. Oxley. 1997. “Media Framing of a
Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance.” American Political Science
Review 91(03): 567–83.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003055400210976.
Nelson, Thomas E., Zoe M. Oxley, and Rosalee A. Clawson. 1997. “Toward a Psychology
of Framing Effects.” Political Behavior 19(3): 221–46.
http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1024834831093 (January 28, 2019).
Neubaum, German, and Nicole C. Krämer. 2018. “What Do We Fear? Expected
Sanctions for Expressing Minority Opinions in Offline and Online Communication.”
Communication Research 45(2): 139–64.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093650215623837 (October 7, 2020).
Neuwirth, Kurt, Edward Frederick, and Charles Mayo. 2007. “The Spiral of Silence and
Fear of Isolation.” Journal of Communication 57(3): 450–68.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00352.x (April 3, 2012).
Nico, Nicole DIETRICH, and HAUßECKER. 2017. “Effects of Facebook News Reception
on Threat Perceptions and Personality Traits in German Speaking Countries.” The
Journal of Social Media in Society 6(1): 251–83.
Noelle-Neumann, E. 1991. “The Theory of Public Opinion: The Concept of the Spiral of
Silence.” Annals of the International Communication Association 14(1): 256–87.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23808985.1991.11678790.
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth. 1974. “The Spiral of Silence A Theory of Public Opinion.”
Journal of Communication 24(2): 43–51. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.1974.tb00367.x (July 16, 2012).
———. 1977. “Turbulences in the Climate of Opinion: Methodological Applications of
the Spiral of Silence Theory.” Public Opinion Quarterly 41(2): 143.
http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1086/268371 (May 7, 2014).
———. 1998. “A Shift from the Right to the Left as an Indicator of Value Change : A
Battle for The Climate of Opinion.” International Journal of Public Opinion
Research 10(4): 317–34.
PAN, ZHONGDANG, and GERALD M. KOSICKI. 1997. “Priming and Media Impact on the
Evaluations of the President’s Performance.” Communication Research 24(1): 3–
30. http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365097024001001 (May 23,
2014).
Pan, Zhongdang, and Gerald M Kosicki. 1993. “Framing Analysis: An Approach to News
Discourse.” Political Communication 10(1): 55–75.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963.
Pang, Natalie et al. 2016. “Can Spiral of Silence and Civility Predict Click Speech on
Facebook?” Computers in Human Behavior 64: 898–905.
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563216305568.
Park, Hee Sun, Doshik Yun, Hye Jeong Choi, and Hye-Eun Lee. 2012. “Perceived Media
Bias and Third Person Effect: Comparisons of Americans, Korean Americans, and
Koreans in the United States.” The Social Science Journal 49(2): 139–49.
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0362331911001133 (May 14, 2014).
Park, Sung-Yeon. 2005. “The Influence of Presumed Media Influence on Women’s
Desire to Be Thin.” Communication Research 32(5): 594–614.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650205279350.
Paul, Bryant, Michael B. Salwen, and Michel Dupagne. 2000. “The Third-Person Effect:
A Meta-Analysis of the Perceptual Hypothesis.” Mass Communication and Society
3(1): 57–85.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_04 (July 24,
2012).
Perloff, Richard M. 1989. “Ego-Involvement and the Third Person Effect of Televised
News Coverage.” Communication Research 16(2): 236–62.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365089016002004 (March 4, 2012).
———. 1993. “Third-Person Effect Research 1983–1992: A Review and Synthesis.”
International Journal of Public Opinion Research 5(2): 167–84.
http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/5.2.167.
———. 1999. “The Third Person Effect: A Critical Review and Synthesis.” Media
Psychology 1(4): 353–78.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s1532785xmep0104_4 (April 2,
2012).
———. 2015. “A Three-Decade Retrospective on the Hostile Media Effect.” Mass
Communication and Society 18(6): 701–29.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15205436.2015.1051234.
Pham, Giang V., Matthew Shancer, and Michelle R. Nelson. 2019. “Only Other People
Post Food Photos on Facebook: Third-Person Perception of Social Media Behavior
and Effects.” Computers in Human Behavior 93: 129–40.
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563218305612.
Porten-Cheé, Pablo, and Christiane Eilders. 2015. “Spiral of Silence Online: How Online
Communication Affects Opinion Climate Perception and Opinion Expression
Regarding the Climate Change Debate.” Studies in Communication Sciences 15(1):
143–50. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1424489615000211 (August
15, 2020).
Potter, W. James. 1993. “Cultivation Theory and Research: A Conceptual Critique.”
Human Communication Research 19(4): 564–601.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00313.x.
———. 2014. “A Critical Analysis of Cultivation Theory.” Journal of Communication
64(6): 1015–36. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jcom.12128.
Price, V., D. Tewksbury, and L.-N. Huang. 1998. “Third-Person Effects on Publication of
a Holocaust-Denial Advertisement.” Journal of Communication 48(2): 3–26.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02745.x.
Quick, Brian L. 2009. “The Effects of Viewing Grey’s Anatomy on Perceptions of
Doctors and Patient Satisfaction.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
53(1): 38–55.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08838150802643563.
Ridout, T. N., and R. Mellen. 2007. “Does the Media Agenda Reflect the
Candidates’Agenda?” The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 12(2):
44–62. http://hij.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1081180X07299799 (May 14,
2012).
Riebling, Jan R, and Ina von der Wense. 2019. “Framing the Mass Media: Exploring
‘Fake News’ as a Frame Embedded in Political Discourse.” Journal of Alternative
and Community Media 4: 58.
Roberts, Tomi-Ann, and Jennifer Y. Gettman. 2004. “Mere Exposure: Gender
Differences in the Negative Effects of Priming a State of Self-Objectification.” Sex
Roles 51(1/2): 17–27.
http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:SERS.0000032306.20462.22.
Roche, Sean Patrick, Justin T. Pickett, and Marc Gertz. 2016. “The Scary World of
Online News? Internet News Exposure and Public Attitudes Toward Crime and
Justice.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 32(2): 215–36.
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10940-015-9261-x.
Rogers, Everett M., James W. Dearing, and Dorine Bregman. 1993. “The Anatomy of
Agenda-Setting Research.” Journal of Communication 43(2): 68–84.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01263.x.
Rojas, H. 2010. “‘Corrective’ Actions in the Public Sphere: How Perceptions of Media
and Media Effects Shape Political Behaviors.” International Journal of Public
Opinion Research 22(3): 343–63.
http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/edq018 (May 23, 2014).
Rojas, H., D. V. Shah, and R. J. Faber. 1996. “For the Good of Others: Censorship and
the Third-Person Effect.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 8(2):
163–86. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/8.2.163 (May 13,
2014).
Romer, Daniel, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, and Sean Aday. 2003. “Television News and the
Cultivation of Fear of Crime.” Journal of Communication 53(1): 88–104.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb03007.x (July 16, 2012).
Roskos-Ewoldsen, David R., Beverly B. Roskos-Ewoldsen, and Francesca R. Dillman
Carpentier. 2002. “Media Priming: A Synthesis.” In Media Effects. Advances in
Theory and Research, eds. Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zillmann. , 97–120.
Rucinski, Dianne, and Charles T. Salmon. 1990. “The ‘Other’ As the Vulnerable Voter: A
Study of the Third-Person Effect in the 1988 U.S. Presidential Campaign.”
International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2(4): 345–68.
http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/2.4.345.
Salmon, C. T., and K. Neuwirth. 1990. “Perceptions of Opinion ‘Climates’ and
Willingness to Discuss the Issue of Abortion.” Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterly 67(3): 567–77.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/107769909006700312.
Salmon, Charles T., and F. Gerald Kline. 1985. “The Spiral of Silence Ten Years Later: An
Examination and Evaluation.” In Political Communication Yearbook, 1984, eds.
Keith R. Sanders, Lynda Lee Kaid, and Dan Nimmo. Southern Illinois University
Press: Carbondale, 3–30.
Salwen, Michael B. 1998. “Perceptions of Media Influence and Support for Censorship:
The Third-Person Effect in the 1996 Presidential Election.” Communication
Research 25(3): 259–85.
http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/009365098025003001 (March 4, 2012).
Scharrer, Erica, and Greg Blackburn. 2018. “Is Reality TV a Bad Girls Club ? Television
Use, Docusoap Reality Television Viewing, and the Cultivation of the Approval of
Aggression.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95(1): 235–57.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077699017706482.
Scharrer, Erica, and Ron Leone. 2008. “First-Person Shooters and the Third-Person
Effect.” Human Communication Research 34(2): 210–33.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00319.x (March 15, 2012).
Scheufele, Dietram A. 1999. “Framing as a Theory of Media Effects.” Journal of
Communication 49(1): 103–22. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.1999.tb02784.x.
———. 2000. “Agenda-Setting, Priming, and Framing Revisited: Another Look at
Cognitive Effects of Political Communication.” Mass Communication & Society
3(2/3): 297–316.
Scheufele, Dietram A., and David Tewksbury. 2007. “Framing, Agenda Setting, and
Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models.” Journal of Communication
57(1): 9–20. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/57/1/9-20/4102624.
Scheufle, D. A., and P. Moy. 2000. “Twenty-Five Years of The Spiral of Silence: A
Conceptual Review and Empirical Outlook.” International Journal of Public Opinion
Research 12(1): 3–28. http://ijpor.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3
(April 30, 2014).
Schulz, Anne, Werner Wirth, and Philipp Müller. 2020. “We Are the People and You
Are Fake News: A Social Identity Approach to Populist Citizens’ False Consensus
and Hostile Media Perceptions.” Communication Research 47(2): 201–26.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0093650218794854.
Seabrook, Rita C. et al. 2017. “Girl Power or Powerless Girl? Television, Sexual Scripts,
and Sexual Agency in Sexually Active Young Women.” Psychology of Women
Quarterly 41(2): 240–53.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0361684316677028.
Semetko, Holli A., and Patti M. Valkenburg Valkenburg. 2000. “Framing European
Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News.” Journal of
Communication 50(2): 93–109. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/50/2/93-
109/4110003.
Sevenans, Julie. 2017. “The Media’s Informational Function in Political Agenda-Setting
Processes.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 22(2): 223–43.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1940161217695142.
Shanahan, James, Michael Morgan, and Mads Stenbjerre. 1997. “Green or Brown?
Television and the Cultivation of Environmental Concern.” Journal of Broadcasting
& Electronic Media 41(3): 305–23.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838159709364410.
Shapiro, Matthew A., and Libby Hemphill. 2017. “Politicians and the Policy Agenda:
Does Use of Twitter by the U.S. Congress Direct New York Times Content?” Policy
& Internet 9(1): 109–32. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/poi3.120.
Sheafer, Tamir. 2007. “How to Evaluate It: The Role of Story-Evaluative Tone in Agenda
Setting and Priming.” Journal of Communication 57(1): 21–39.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00327.x (April 20, 2012).
Shen, Fei, and Tianjiao Wang. 2015. “Does Perceived Incongruence in Opinion Climate
Influence the Degree of Outspokenness? Evidence from Two National Events in
China.” Chinese Journal of Communication 8(3): 253–71.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17544750.2015.1046186.
Sherrick, Brett, and Jennifer Hoewe. 2018. “The Effect of Explicit Online Comment
Moderation on Three Spiral of Silence Outcomes.” New Media & Society 20(2):
453–74. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444816662477 (August
15, 2020).
Shrum, L. J. 1995. “Assessing the Social Influence of Television.” Communication
Research 22(4): 402–29.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/009365095022004002.
Shrum, L. J., and D Bischak. 2001. “Mainstreaming, Resonance, and Impersonal
Impact..” Human Communication Research 27(2): 187–215.
https://academic.oup.com/hcr/article/27/2/187-215/4554814.
Shrum, L. J., James E. Burroughs, and Aric Rindfleisch. 2005. “Television’s Cultivation of
Material Values.” Journal of Consumer Research 32(3): 473–79.
https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-lookup/doi/10.1086/497559.
Signorielli, Nancy, Michael Morgan, and James Shanahan. 2019. “The Violence Profile:
Five Decades of Cultural Indicators Research.” Mass Communication and Society
22(1): 1–28.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15205436.2018.1475011.
Simmons, Alicia D. 2017. “Cultivating Support for Punitive Criminal Justice Policies:
News Sectors and the Moderating Effects of Audience Characteristics.” Social
Forces: 1–29. https://academic.oup.com/sf/article-
lookup/doi/10.1093/sf/sox031.
Simões, Rita Basílio, and Maria João Silveirinha. 2019. “Framing Street Harassment:
Legal Developments and Popular Misogyny in Social Media.” Feminist Media
Studies: 1–17.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2019.1704816 (May
26, 2020).
Simon, Adam, and Michael Xenos. 2000. “Media Framing and Effective Public
Deliberation.” Political Communication 17(4): 363–76.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10584600050178979.
Soffer, Oren, and Galit Gordoni. 2017. “Opinion Expression via User Comments on
News Websites: Analysis through the Perspective of the Spiral of Silence.”
Information, Communication & Society 21(3): 1–16.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1281991 (August
15, 2020).
Soroka, Stuart N. 2002. “Issue Attributes and Agenda-Setting by Media, the Public, and
Policymakers in Canada.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 14(3):
264–85. http://ijpor.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/14.3.264 (July 17,
2012).
Ștefăniță, Oana, Nicoleta Corbu, and Raluca Buturoiu. 2018. “Fake News and the Third-
Person Effect: They Are More Influenced than Me and You.” Journal of Media
Research 11(3(32)): 5–23. http://mrjournal.ro/docs/R2/32jmr1m.pdf.
Stoycheff, E. 2016. “Under Surveillance: Examining Facebooks Spiral of Silence Effects
in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring.” Journalism & Mass Communication
Quarterly 93(2): 296–311.
http://jmq.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/1077699016630255.
Sun, Ye, Zhongdang Pan, and Lijiang Shen. 2008. “Understanding the Third-Person
Perception: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Communication 58(2):
280–300. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00385.x.
Swanson, Linda L., and David L. Swanson. 1978. “The Agenda‐setting Function of the
First Ford‐Carter Debate.” Communication Monographs 45(4): 347–53.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03637757809375979.
Sweetser, Kaye D., Guy J. Golan, and Wayne Wanta. 2008. “Intermedia Agenda Setting
in Television, Advertising, and Blogs During the 2004 Election.” Mass
Communication and Society 11(2): 197–216.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205430701590267.
Tai, Zixue. 2009. “The Structure of Knowledge and Dynamics of Scholarly
Communication in Agenda Setting Research, 1996-2005.” Journal of
Communication 59(3): 481–513. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2009.01425.x.
Tan, Yue, and David H. Weaver. 2013. “Agenda Diversity and Agenda Setting From
1956 to 2004.” Journalism Studies 14(6): 773–89.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1461670X.2012.748516.
Tankard Jr, James W. 2001. “The Empirical Approach to the Study of Media Framing.”
In Framing Public Life, eds. Stephen D. Reese, Jr. OH Gandy, and AE Grant.
Routledge, 111–21.
Taylor, D Garth. 1982. “Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of Silence: A Formal
Analysis.” Public Opinion Quarterly 46(3): 311.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2748863.
Thurre, Frédéric Olivier, Jessica Gale, and Christian Staerklé. 2020. “Speaking Up or
Silencing Out in the Face of Rising Right-Wing Populism: A Dynamic Test of the
Spiral of Silence across 15 European Countries.” International Journal of Public
Opinion Research 32(3): 547–68.
https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article/32/3/547/5599860 (August 15, 2020).
Tsay-Vogel, Mina, James Shanahan, and Nancy Signorielli. 2018. “Social Media
Cultivating Perceptions of Privacy: A 5-Year Analysis of Privacy Attitudes and Self-
Disclosure Behaviors among Facebook Users.” New Media & Society 20(1): 141–
61. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444816660731.
Tsfati, Yariv. 2007. “Hostile Media Perceptions, Presumed Media Influence, and
Minority Alienation: The Case of Arabs in Israel.” Journal of Communication 57(4):
632–51. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00361.x (April 4, 2012).
Uscinski, Joseph E. 2009. “When Does the Public’s Issue Agenda Affect the Media’s
Issue Agenda (and Vice-Versa)? Developing a Framework for Media-Public
Influence.” Social Science Quarterly 90(4): 796–815.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00663.x (July 24, 2012).
Valentino, Nicholas A., Ted Brader, and Ashley E. Jardina. 2013. “Immigration
Opposition Among U.S. Whites: General Ethnocentrism or Media Priming of
Attitudes About Latinos?” Political Psychology 34(2): 149–66.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00928.x.
Vallone, Robert P., Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper. 1985. “The Hostile Media
Phenomenon: Biased Perception and Perceptions of Media Bias in Coverage of
the Beirut Massacre.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49(3): 577–85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4045697 (July 24, 2012).
De Vreese, Claes H. 2005. “News Framing: Theory and Typology.” Information Design
Journal & Document Design 13(1).
Walgrave, Stefaan, and Peter Van Aelst. 2006. “The Contingency of the Mass Media’s
Political Agenda Setting Power: Toward a Preliminary Theory.” Journal of
Communication 56(1): 88–109. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2006.00005.x.
Wallsten, Kevin. 2007. “Agenda Setting and the Blogosphere: An Analysis of the
Relationship between Mainstream Media and Political Blogs.” Review of Policy
Research 24(6): 567–87. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2007.00300.x.
Wanta, Wayne, Guy Golan, and Cheolhan Lee. 2004. “Agenda Setting and International
News: Media Influence on Public Perceptions of Foreign Nations.” Journalism &
Mass Communication Quarterly 81(2): 364–77.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769900408100209.
Weaver, David H. 2007. “Thoughts on Agenda Setting, Framing, and Priming.” Journal
of Communication 57(1): 142–47. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2006.00333.x (March 28, 2012).
Williams, Dmitri. 2006. “Virtual Cultivation: Online Worlds, Offline Perceptions.”
Journal of Communication 56(1): 69–87. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-
2466.2006.00004.x (March 1, 2012).
Willnat, Lars, Waipeng Lee, and Benjamin H. Detenber. 2002. “Individual-Level
Predictors of Public Outspokenness: A Test of the Spiral of Silence Theory in
Singapore.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 14(4): 391–412.
http://ijpor.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ijpor/14.4.391 (March 31, 2014).
Witzel, Kai, Horst J. Koch, and Cornelia Kaminski. 2017. “Impact of Medical TV Shows
on Preprocedural Fear of Surgical In-House Patients.” European Surgical Research
58(3–4): 121–27. https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/452795.
Wu, Tai-Yee Yee, and David J. Atkin. 2018. “To Comment or Not to Comment:
Examining the Influences of Anonymity and Social Support on One’s Willingness to
Express in Online News Discussions.” New Media & Society 20(12): 4512–32.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444818776629 (October 7, 2020).
Yamamoto, Masahiro, and Weina Ran. 2014. “Should Men Work Outside and Women
Stay Home? Revisiting the Cultivation of Gender-Role Attitudes in Japan.” Mass
Communication and Society 17(6): 920–42.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205436.2013.860989.
Yun, Gi Woong, Sung-Yeon Yeon Park, and Sooyoung Lee. 2016. “Inside the Spiral:
Hostile Media, Minority Perception, and Willingness to Speak out on a Weblog.”
Computers in Human Behavior 62: 236–43.
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563216302576 (October 7,
2020).
Zerback, Thomas, and Nayla Fawzi. 2016. “Can Online Exemplars Trigger a Spiral of
Silence? Examining the Effects of Exemplar Opinions on Perceptions of Public
Opinion and Speaking Out.” New Media & Society 19(7): 146144481562594.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444815625942 (August 15, 2020).

Você também pode gostar