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Ingles verbosA2Z PDF
Ingles verbosA2Z PDF
NDICE
Substantivos .................................................................................................................................................. pg. 2
Pronomes ...................................................................................................................................................... pg. 4
Adjetivos ....................................................................................................................................................... pg. 5
Verbos ........................................................................................................................................................... pg. 7
Condicionais ................................................................................................................................................ pg. 13
A voz passiva ............................................................................................................................................... pg. 13
Discurso direto e indireto ............................................................................................................................ pg. 15
Phrasal Verbs ............................................................................................................................................... pg. 16
Subject Question ......................................................................................................................................... pg. 20
Advrbios ..................................................................................................................................................... pg. 20
Numerais ....................................................................................................................................................... pg. 23
Preposies .................................................................................................................................................. pg. 25
Prefixos e Sufixos .......................................................................................................................................... pg. 26
Artigos ........................................................................................................................................................... pg. 27
Conjunes .................................................................................................................................................. pg. 27
Question Tag ................................................................................................................................................ pg. 28
Conectivos ................................................................................................................................................... pg. 29
Vocabulrio ................................................................................................................................................. pg. 29
Exerccios ...................................................................................................................................................... pg. 30
Gabarito ....................................................................................................................................................... pg. 55
Prova anterior com resoluo (AFA) ........................................................................................................ pg. 55
Prova anterior com resoluo (ITA) .......................................................................................................... pg. 63
Prova anterior com resoluo (IME) ......................................................................................................... pg. 70
1. SUBSTANTIVOS
Dividem-se em prprios e comuns.
Os comuns podem ser contveis e no-contveis e ambos podem ser concretos ou abstratos.
CONTVEIS
Podem ser empregues no singular, precedidos de:
- A(N). Ex.: a book (um livro), a dog (um co), an elephant (um elefante), etc.
THE: Ex.: the book (o livro), the dog (o co), the elephant (o elefante), etc.
Podem ser empregues no plural, precedidos de:
- artigo zero : Ex.: books (os livros), dogs (os ces), elephants (os elefantes), etc.
- THE: Ex.: the books (os livros), the dogs (os ces), the elepants (os elefantes), etc.
- SOME: Ex.: some books (alguns livros), some dogs (alguns ces), some elephants (alguns elefantes), etc.
- HOW MANY (nas interrogativas): Ex.: How many books? (Quantos livros?), How many dogs? (Quantos
ces?), How many elephants? (Quantos elefantes?), etc.
- empregues com nmeros: Ex.: one book (um livro), five dogs (cinco ces), fifteen elephants (quinze
elefantes), etc.
- Concretos: a cat (um gato), an ashtray (um cinzeiro)
- Abstratos: a conclusion (uma concluso), an idea (uma idia)
NO-CONTVEIS
Esses substantivos no podem ser empregues no plural, no podem ser precedidos de A(N), nem a
seguir a um nmero.
No singular, podem ser precedidos de:
- artigo zero : Ex.: milk (o leite), aluminium (o alumnio), etc.
- THE: Ex.: the milk (o leite), the aluminium (o alumnio), etc.
- SOME: Ex.: some milk (algum leite), some aluminiun (algum alumnio), etc.
- HOW MUCH: Ex.: How much mik? (Quanto leite?), How much aluminium? (Quanto alumnio?)
- Concretos: butter (manteiga), soap (sabo),etc.
- Abstratos: advice (conselho(s)), courage (coragem), etc.
Existem substantivos no-contveis que no possuem a forma plural em ingls. Veja alguns deles:
advice conselho(s)
baggage bagagem, bagagens
damage dano(s), prejuzo(s)
evidence prova(s)
homework - trabalho(s) de casa
informatin informao, informaes
laughter riso(s)
news notcias
research pesquisa(s)
transport transporte(s)
Esses substantivos no podem ser quantificados por si s, para isso necessrio recorrer a uma
construo: PARTITIVE + OF + (substantivo no-contvel). Existem 3 tipos dessas construes: measure
partitives (quantificadores de medidas), typical partitives (quantificadores especficos) e general
partitives (quantificadores gerais ou neutros). Veja alguns exemplos:
MEASURE PARTITIVES
an acre of (land) um acre de (terra)
an kilo of (meat, sugar) um quilo de (carne, acar)
a pound of (butter, cheese) uma libra de (manteiga, queijo)
a yard of (cloth) uma jarda de (tecido)
TIPYCAL PARTITIVES
an amount of (work) uma quantidade de (trabalho)
a block of (ice) um cubo de (gelo)
a glass of (water, wine) um copo de (gua, vinho)
a sack of (coal, rice) um saco de (carvo, arroz)
GENERAL PARTITIVES
a bit of (advice) um conselho
a bit of (interest) um pouco de (interesse)
a piece of (furniture) uma pea de (moblia)
a piece of (news) uma notcia
PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
Alguns substantivos apresentam-se somente na forma plural, referem-se a objetos constitudos por duas
partes iguais.
Ex.: bellows (fole), braces (suspensrios), goggles (culos de proteo), pliers (alicate), shorts (cales),
suspenders (suspensrios), trunks (cales de banho), etc.
Os verbos que os acompanham conjugam-se no plural quando concordam com o prprio substantivo
ou quando concordam com a expresso two, three, etc., pairs of.
Ex.: These trousers are torn. (Estas calas esto rasgadas.)
My glasses are broken. (Os meus culos esto partidos.)
There are three pairs of glasses on the table. (H trs pares de culos em cima da mesa.)
There two pairs of trousers are dirty. (Estas duas calas esto sujas.)
Os verbos que os acompanham conjugam-se no singular quando concordam com a expresso a pair
of:
Ex.: A pair of glasses costs a lot of money these days.
(Um par de culos custa muito dinheiro hoje em dia.)
There is a pairo of glasses on the table.
(H um par de culos em cima da mesa.)
J outros substantivos tambm se apresentam somente na forma plural, mas so acompanhados
somente de verbos no singular. Esses geralmente referem-se a certos tipos de jogos, doenas, disciplinas,
etc.
Ex; athletics (atletismo), bowls (jogo com bolas de madeira), draughts (jogo de damas), gymnastics
(ginstica), phonetics (fontica), shingles (herpes zoster)
Physics is my favourite subject. (A fsica a minha disciplina favorita.)
The news on television is more interesting. (As notcias na televiso so mais interessantes.)
GNERO
Quanto ao gnero os substantivos podem ser classificados em masculino, feminino, neutro ou comum.
Feminino - Em ingls, como regra geral, o feminino formado a partir da adio do sufixo ess ao
substantivo masculino. Ex.: author authoress, count countess, heir heiress
Em alguns casos, existem mudanas na ortografia. Ex.: ambassador ambassadress, prince princess,
duke, duchess
Masculinos/femininos irregulares Alguns substantivos masculinos apresentam formas irregulares de
feminino. Ex.: bachelor spinter, dog, bitch, fox - vixen, gentleman - lady, king queen, son daughter,
wizard witch
Invariveis Alguns substantivos apresentam uma forma nica, tanto para o masculino quanto para o
feminino. O que os diferencia a aplicao dos pronomes pessoais, possessivos e reflexivos.
Veja alguns deles: artist, baby, child, cook, cousin, dancer, driver, journalist, neighbor, painter, parent,
person, prisioner, reprter, singer, teacher.
Ex.: Our teacher didnt correct our test because she was so tired. (feminino)
My cousin told me that he needed to take care of his dog. (masculino)
Distino para animais Para difereciar o sexo dos animais, utilizam-se as formas male (macho) e
female (fmea) antes deles. Ex.: male elephant (elefante macho), female elephant (elefante fmea).
Essas formas tambm so usadas com referncia a pessoas, quando o substantivo do tipo uniforme.
Ex.: male nurse/female nurse
Substantivos femininos No h forma de masculino para alguns substantivos. Ex.: baby-sitter, miss,
nanny.
Casos especiais Alguns substantivos so diferenciados pela anteposio ou posposio de termos. Ex.:
boyfriend girlfriend, man doctor woman doctor, he cat she cat
Neutros Substantivos que designam seres inanimados e abstratos pertencem ao gnero neutro. Neste
caso, os pronomes a serem utilizados, no singular, so it e suas formas associadas its e itself. Ex.: book,
milk, fear, pride, etc.
FORMA POSSESSIVA
O caso possessivo (apstrofo) empregue para indicar posse de algo, ou relao entre pessoas, ou de
pessoas e algo, num sentido genrico. Aplica-se a pessoas, grupo de pessoas, pases e animais, mas
normalmente no empregada em seres inanimados.
Adiciona-se o apstrofo nos seguintes casos:
- substantivos singulares, mesmo os que terminam em s:
Ex.: This is my sisters house. (Esta e a casa da minha irm).
The actresss eyes are blue. (Os olhos da atriz so azuis.)
2. PRONOMES
Pronomes pessoais (Personal pronouns)
Os pronomes pessoais substituem na frase um substantivo ou um grupo nominal e indicam as pessoas
gramaticais. Se dividem em pronomes do caso reto e pronomes do caso oblquo.
Os subject pronouns (caso reto) so utilizados como sujeito, portanto, vm antes do verbo.
I sempre escrito com letra mauscula. Quando o sujeito for composto, ele vir sempre em ltimo
lugar, ex.: You and I are excellent players.
He e she geralmente so usados para pessoas, mas so usados para animais ou coisas quando
queremos personific-las, ex.: My dog is a poodle. He is very small.
She tambm usado para substituir os substantivos ship (navio), nation/country (nao/pas) e car
(carro). Ex.: Tha is a new ship. She is very modern.
It neutro, usado para designar animais ou coisas no singular. Ex.: The aplle is red. It is red.
Tambm pode ser usado para refir s palavras child (criana) e baby (beb) quando no se sabe o
sexo. Ex.: There is a baby on the sofa. It is crying.
Os objects pronouns (caso oblquo) tm a funo de objeto na orao e so sempre precedidos por
um verbo ou uma preposio. Ex.: Mary and Jssyca are sisters. I know them well.
Pronomes possessivos (possessive pronouns)
Possessive adjectives
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
Possessive Pronouns
mine
yours
his
hers
its
(esse raramente usado)
ours
yours
theirs
Outra forma de indicar posse pode ser feita por one of + possessive pronoun. Ex.: A teacher of mine (one
of my teachers) is Italian.
Pronomes Reflexivos (Reflexive pronouns)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Reflexivo: indica que o sujeito pratica e recebe os efeitos da ao do verbo. O pronome vem logo aps
o verbo e concorda com o sujeito. Ex.: I hurt myself in the soccer game.
Enftico: enfatiza o sujeito ou o objeto da orao. Sua posio pode variar e no parte essencial da
orao. Ex.: She talked to the king herself/She talked to the king himself.
Idiomtico: vem precedido de by, formando uma expresso que significa sozinho, sem ajuda. Ex.:
He lives by himself.
Pronomes indefinidos (Indefinite pronouns)
Embora sejam invariveis, mudam de funo de acordo com a forma em que forem usadas.
SOME (algum, alguns, alguma, alguma), SOMEBOBY/SOMEONE (algum), SOMEWHERE (em algum lugar),
SOMETHING (algo, alguma coisa)
So empregados em frases afirmativas, antes de substantivos; em frases interrogativas, expressando
oferecimento, pedido ou sugesto. Ex.: She ask me some questions./Would you like some candies?
ANY (algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, nenhum, nenhuma, qualquer, quaisquer), ANYBODY/ANYONE
(algum, ningum, qualquer pessoa), ANYWAY/ANYHOW (de alguma forma, de nenhuma forma, de
qualquer forma), ANYWHERE (em algum lugar, em nenhum lugar, em qualquer lugar), ANYTHING (algo,
nada, qualquer coisa)
So empregados em frases interrogativas, em frases negativas e em frases afirmativas, com o significado
de qualquer. Ex.: Do you need any help?/I dont need any help./Any student here speaks English well.
NO (nenhum, nenhuma), NOBODY/NO ONE (ningum), NOTHING (nada), NOWHERE (em nenhum lugar).
So empregados em frases afirmativas, cujo sentido expresse uma negao. Ex.: I have no money.
Oraes Relativas (Relatives clauses)
So oraes que identificam ou qualificam os elementos que as precedem em uma frase. Elas so
iniciadas por um pronome relativo. Ex.: The boy who sits next to me is very handsome.
So classificadas em Identificadoras (identifying) e no identificadoras (non-identifying).
Identifying so as que identificam ou classificam o substantivo a que se referem, elas dizem a que
coisa ou pessoa estamos nos referindo. Ex.: Was it your car which was towed by the police?
Non-identifying estas apenas acrescentam informaes sobre o substantivo que j foi identificado. Ex.:
This is my friend Perry, who works at Contry Hospital.
3. ADJETIVOS
So empregues para caracterizar os seres, objetos ou o estado das coisas.
Em ingls eles so invariveis, isto , no fazem concordncia com a palavra qual esto associados.
Ex.: a strong boy (um rapaz forte), strong boys (rapazes fortes)
Os adjetivos podem ser empregues:
- substantivo + adjetivo = an old man
- verbo + adjetivo = He became angry.
- verbo + complemento + adjetivo = She makes me happy.
- advrbio + adjetivo = very hot
- comparativo = Mary is younger than Emily.
- superlativo = This is the cheapest.
A maioria dos adjetivos mais comuns no tem uma terminao especfica.
Veja como so formados alguns deles:
- substantivo + able (tendo a qualidade de) = pleasure pleasurable (agradvel)
- verbo + able (que pode ser) = imagine imaginable (imaginvel)
COMPARATIVOS e SUPERLATIVOS
Adjetivos de uma slaba
Comparativo: adjetivo + er (than): older, higher, bigger than
Superlativo: The + adjetivo + est: the oldest, the highest, the biggest
Adjetivos de duas slabas terminados em y: easy, heavy, funny, happy, dirty etc. O y muda para
ier ou iest no final: easier/the easiest, heavier/the heaviest, funnier/the funniest, happier/the
happiest, dirtier/the dirtiest. Muito menos comum so os adjeivos que terminam em ow narrow,
shaloow, mellow narrower/the narrowest, shallower/the shallowest.
Adjetivos de mais de uma slaba
Comparativo: More + adj. (than): more tiring, more expensive, more famous, more beautiful, more
sincere, more interesting etc.
Superlativo: The most + adj.: the most tiring, the most expensive, the most famous, the most beautiful, the
most sincere, the most interesting etc.
Excees: Good better than The best
Bad worse than The worst
Far further than The furthest
Menos que
Comparativo: It was less expensive/fun than last year. (Foi menos caro/divertido que no ano passado.)
Superlativo: Shes the least generous/stupid person I know. (Ela a pessoa menos generosa/estpida
que conheo.)
Igualdade = AS AS
Shes (not) as tall as me.
Its just as hot as yesterday.
I dont have as much money as I used to.
Are there as many people as you expected?
Graus de comparao
Much/Far
large, smaller, better etc.
Considerably
more difficult, popular, interested etc.
A little
more/less milk (substantivos incontveis)
Slightly
more/fewer people (substantivos contveis)
Not quite
as old/expensive as
(Not) nearly
as many/much as
4. VERBOS
RESUMO DE TEMPOS VERBAIS PRINCIPAIS
Simple
Continuous
(To be+ ing)
Present
I live
I am (Im) living
Past
I lived
I was living
Future
I will (Ill) live
I will (Ill) be living
PRESENT PERFECT
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
(To have + pp*)
I have (Ive) lived
I had (Id) lived
I will (Ill) have lived
Perfect Continuous
(To have + been + .ing)
I have (Ive) been living
I had (Id) been living
I will (Ill) have been living
We bought a new car two weeks ago. (Compramos um carro novo h duas semanas atrs.)
My parents arrived on Thursday. (Os meus pais chegaram na quinta-feira.)
Outras palavras muitas vezes usadas com Present Perfect:
Yet: Have you met her parents yet? (Voc j conheceu os pais dela?)
I havent met them yet. (No conheci eles ainda.)
Still: We still havent moved house. (Ainda no mudamos de casa.)
Already: Shes already sent the cheque. (Ela j mandou o cheque.)
O FUTURO
As formas mais comuns
1. WILL
2. GOING TO
3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Opcional)
INTENES
a) Decidido no momento;
reaes;
ofertas,
pedidos,
promessas, ameaas etc.
a) J decidido antes de falar
planos pessoais.
Organizado
com
outra(s)
pessoa(s)
PREVISES
b) Baseado na sua opinio ou
conhecimento
de
comportamento tpico
b) Com evidncia no presente,
quase acontecendo.
4. What time does the train leave? (A que horas sai o trem?)
5. Tomorrow Ill lyving on the beach. (Amanh vou estar deitado na praia.)
6. Well have finished by nex week. (Vamos terminar at a semana que vem.)
FORMAS INTERROGATIVAS
Perguntas diretas
Present Simple: Where DO you work? (Onde voc trabalha?)
Why DOES she have a dog? (Por que ela tem um co?)
(Excees: to be e to have got: How is she? (Como ela est?) - Has he got a car? (Ele tem um carro?)
Past Simple: DID you buy the CD? (Voc comprou o CD?)
How DID she get home? (Como ela chega em casa?)
(Exceo: to be: How old were you? (Quantos anos voc tinha?)
Why was he o angry? (Por que ele foi irritado?)
Present/Past Continuous: What are/were you doing? (O que voc est/estava fazendo?)
Is/was he playing? (Ele est/estava jogando?)
Present/Past Perfect: Have you finished? (J acabou?)
Has he paid? (Ser que ele paga?)
Had he been waiting long? (Ele teve que esperar muito tempo?)
Verbos modais: Can/could you help me? (Pode/Poderia me ajudar?)
Should I call her? (Devo cham-la?)
Would you believe it? (Voc acreditaria nisso?)
Sujeito da frase: Who lives upstairs? (Quem mora no andar de cima?)
Who ate my candy? (Quem comeu meu doce?)
GERNDIOS e INFINITIVOS
Gerndio (o verbo + -ing)*
Verbos depois de preposies: por exemplo, Im thinking of studying, Shes good at writing, I
apologised for being late, We talked about not moving, Theyre interested in coming etc. (Estou
pensando em estudar, Ela boa em escrever, Me pediu desculpas por chegar atrasado, Ns
falamos sobre no se mover, Eles esto interessados em vir, etc.)
Verbos usados como substantivo: Having children is hard work, Its profitable being politician,
Working late is part of the job, Its hard not having a ar in Floripa. (Ter filhos um trabalho rduo,
Ser poltico lucrativo, Trabalhar at tarde parte do trabalho, difcil no ter um carro em
Floripa.)
Verbos usados como adjetivo: A growing economy, falling prices, screaming children. (Uma
economia crescente, preos em queda, crianas gritando.)
Depois de alguns verbos, principalmente: admit, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, detest,
dislike, enjoy, escape, face, feel, like, finish, give up, imagine, involve, mention, mind, miss,
postpone/put off, practise, prefer, recommend, resent, risk, suggest, understand.
s vezes o verbo faz parte de uma expresso fixa: have difficulty/trouble/problems doing, cant
stand/bear doing, cant help doing, spend time doing, Its (not) worth doing, Theres no point (in) doing,
Its no use doing, Dont mind doing, be/get used to doing etc.
Infinitivo (to + verbo)
Depois de alguns adjetivos: easy to (remember), hard to (say), happy to (go), glad to (hear), sad
to see), wrong to (steal), exciting to (be), funny to (think).
Depois de alguns substantivos: (to make) a decision to, a promise to, an agreement to, an
arrangement to, an offer to, a wish to etc.
Depois de alguns verbos, principalmente: afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, begin,
care, choose, consent, decide, determine, expect, fail, forget, happen, hate, help, hesistate,
hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,
refuse, seem, start, swear, want, wish.
Outros verbos sao seguidos por uma pessoa/um objeto + o infinitivo, por exemplo: want someone to do
(querer que algum faa). Outros verbos: advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect,
forbid, force, get, hate, help, instruct, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade,
prefer, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, warn, wish, would like.
Some/any/no + one/body/thing/where: somewhere to sit, nobody to help, something to eat, anyone to
go with, nowhere to buy, nothing to do, anywhere to sleep etc.
Gerndio ou infinitivo, com diferena de sentido
Verbos demonstrando preferncias like, love, hate, prefer, cant bear/stand
Gerndio (mais comum) = preferncias mais gerais: She likes reading.
Infinitivo = preferncias mais especficas: I like to read in bed.
Try to do (fazer um esforo): I tried to call you. (Eu tentei ligar para voc.)
Try doing (experimentar): He tried hiding the evidence. (Ele tentou esconder as provas.)
Need to do (precisa fazer): You need to lose weight. (Voc precisa perder peso.)
Need doing (precisa ser feito): My hair needs cutting. (Meu cabelo precisa de corte.)
Remember to do (esquecer/lembrar fazer antes da ao): Did you remember to feed the dog? (Voc se
lembra de alimentar o co?)
Remember doing (ter lembranas de ter feito algo): I remember putting the keys on the table. (Lembrome de colocar as chaves sobre a mesa.)
Regret to do (se arrepender de algo no presente): I regret to tell you that (Lamento dizer-lhe que)
Regret doing (se arrepender de algo no passado): She regrets not having kids. (Ela lamenta no ter
filhos.)
Verbos seguidos por gerndio e infinitivo, ou nenhum dos dois
(Be/get) used to e (Be/become) accustomed to (estar/ficando acostumado):
Im not used to living alone. (No estou acostumado a morar sozinho).
Look forward to (esperar ansiosamente):
I look forward to hearing from you, We look forward to seeing you again.
(Eu espero ter notcias de voc, Ns esperamos o ver novamente.)
Object to: He objects to waiting in line.
Let (deixar): He let me use his car. (Ele me deixou usar o seu carro.)
Make (fazer/obrigar): They made me retake the exam. (Eles me obrigaram a refazer a prova.)
Help (ajudar): We helpd her move. (Ajudamos ela a fazer a mudana.)
See/Hear (ver/ouvir): I saw you eat it. (Eu vi voc comer.)
She heard me come in. (Ele me ouviu entrando.)
Had better (deveria): Youd better see a doctor. (Voc devia ir ao mdico.)
Would rather (preferia): Shed rather take a taxi. (Ela preferia pegar um txi.)
10
VERBOS AUXILIARES
So verbos que ajudam a simplificar a lngua inglesa, usados, na maioria das vezes, em perguntas ou
frases interrogativas.
Em perguntas voc pode mudar o tempo verbal de uma frase simplesmente mudando o verbo auxiliar,
em vez de memorizar as conjugaes dos verbos.
Ex.: Do you play soccer? (Voc joga futebol?)
Did you play soccer? = (Voc jogou futebol?)
Will you play soccer? = (Voc jogar futebol?)
Would you play soccer? = (Voc jogaria futebol?)
OBS: Note que eles no tem nenhum significado na frase.
Ele tambm facilita as coisas de uma outra maneira: na resposta a uma pergunta, ele substitui o verbo e
todos os seus complementos Ento, se algum pergunta: Do you always go to work by car on week
days? (Voc sempre vai para o trabalho de carro nos dias da semana?), a resposta pode ser,
simplesmente, Yes, I do. (Do= always go to work by car on week days)
Nas frases negativas acrescentado o not depois do verbo auxiliar.
Veja:
I do not like pizza / I don't like pizza (Eu no gosto de pizza).
VERBOS MODAIS
Habilidade
Verbo (modal)
Can
Could
Was/were able to
Funo
Habilidade no presente e no futuro
Habilidade geral no passado ou em um
condicional
Habilidade em uma situao especfica
no passado
Know how to
Manage to/succeed in
Exemplos
I can sing, but I cand dance.
Can you come tomorrow?
He could speak at 18 months.
If I had a car, I could take you.
They were able to save him.
Wash he able to get another
job?
I couldve gone to university.
Couldnt you have called me?
I know how to change a wheel.
Do you know how to open it?
We managed to get tickets.
He secceeded in selling the
house.
Pedidos e permisso
Can I have the menu please? Yes, of course you can. (Posso ter o menu por favor? Sim, claro que pode.
Can you tell me the way to ? (Pode dizer-me o caminho para ?)
Could I send It next week? (Poderia me enviar na prxima semana?)
Could you just wait a moment? (Voc poderia esperar apenas um momento?)
May I take this chair, please? (Posso tirar esta cadeira, por favor?)
Would you mind closing the door? (Voc se importaria de fechar a porta?)
Would you mind if I closed the door? (Voc se importaria se eu fechasse a porta?)
Would it be possible (for you) to close ? (Seria possvel (para voc) fechar ?
Possibilidade
Presente e Futuro Might/Could/May
It could be him, or it might be someone else.
( possvel ser ele, ou possvel ser outra pessoa.)
We might go to France, but we may just stay here.
(Talvez iremos para a Frana, mas de repente a gente vai ficar aqui.)
Passado Migth/Could/May + have + past participle
He might have taken the car. ( possvel ser ele que levou o carro.)
11
12
taste
understand
want
wish
tap
whisper
work
write
Devemos lembrar que existem muitos outros verbos, alm dessa lista e a vai uma dica pra quando voc
tiver dvida de como escrever ou falar: pergunte-se se o verbo tem conotao de movimento ou de
inrcia. Se for um verbo de movimento, pode flexionar (to be + ing), caso contrrio, s se lembrar de
usar o gerndio.
5. CONDICIONAIS
Usamos os conditionals quando queremos dizer que uma coisa ir acontecer em funo de outra, ou
seja, quando se estabelece uma condio para que certas situaes ocorram.
Tipo
FIRST
SECOND
Forma
If + present + future
If + past + would/could
THIRD
Uso
Situaes bastante provveis
SItuaes no muito provveis
ou hipotticas
Situaes no passado
If you read this book, youll pass the exam. (Se voc ler este livro, vai passar no exame.)
Im going to scream if you touch me. (Vou gritar se voc tocar em mim.)
If Brazil lost to Peru, the coach would be sacked.
(Se Brasil perdesse contra Peru, o tcnico seria demitido.)
I could buy a car if I had more money.
(Eu poderia comprar um carro se tivesse mais dinheiro.)
If had know, I wouldve called you. (Se eu soubesse, ia te ligar.)
She couldve won if shed played better. (Ela podia ter ganho se tivesse jogado melhor.)
Outras palavras usadas com os mesmos tempos verbais
When they arrive
(Quando eles chegam
As soon as the film starts
(Assim que o filme comea
Before there are new laws
+ FUTURO
(Antes de existirem leis novas
After we sign the contract
(Depois que assinar o contrato
Until my boss come back
(At o meu chefe voltar
Even if = mesmo se: Even if the comes, he wont have any money.
Whether .. or no Whether he comes or not, he wont have
(Just) In case = caso /se: Take an umbrella in case it rains.
Unless = a menos que:
Unless he passes the exam, hell repeat the year.
(A menos que ele passe no exame, vai repetir o ano.)
As long as = desde que:
As long as/provided you pay me back.
(f) Provided (that) (Desde que voc me devolve o dinheiro.) On condtion (that)
If only = se ao menos, quem me dera (expressa desejos e sonhos):
(Wish) If only/I wish I could speak French. (Se ao menos eu pudesse falar Francs.)
6. A VOZ PASSIVA
To be + particpio passado (3 forma)
Usada para dar mais nfase no objeto de uma frase, geralmente porque o sujeito (quem faz/fez/vai
fazer) no importante, no conhecido ou porque bvio. Apenas o verbo to be muda de acordo
com o tempo verbal, enquanto o particpio passado constante.
13
Present Simple: Many cars are made in Brazil. (Muitos carros so feitos no Brasil.)
Continuous: Plans are being made. (Os planos esto sendo feitos.)
Past Simple: I was told to call later. (Disseram-me para ligar mais tarde.)
Continuous: My car was being repaired. (Meu carro estava sendo consertado.)
Future:
Will: You will be given a key. (Uma chave ser dada a voc.)
Going to: The film is going to be shown. (O filme vai ser mostrado.)
Present Continuous: The event is being held. (O evento est sendo realizado.)
Perfect: A decision will have been taken. (A deciso ter sido tomada.)
Present Perfect: Many books have been written. (Muitos livros foram escritos.)
He has been awarded a prize. (Ele foi premiado.)
Past Perfect: We realized the car had been stolen. (Ns percebemos que o carro tinha sido roubado.)
Verbos modais: Your project must be handed in by Friday.
(Seu projeto deve ser entregue at sexta-feira.)
The TV must have been switched on. (A tv deve ser ligada.)
Gerndio: He hates being told what to do. (Ele detesta que lhe digam o que fazer.)
I got used to being fired. (Eu me acostumei a ser despedido.)
Infinitives:
Present: A decision has to be made. (A deciso tem que ser tomada.)
Past: She was pleased to have been selected. (Ela estava feliz por ter sido selecionada.)
Verbos com dois objetos como tell, give, show, offer e seel, comea com a pessoa:
Alex was given a present. (No A present was given TO Alex.)
We were shown the samples. (No The samples were shown to us.)
Need + verbo com ing = passiva
The house needs cleaning. = needs to be cleaned.
The report needed checking = needed to be checked.
Have something done = servios que precisam ser feitos por outra(s) pessoa(s)
Ive just had my hair cut.
Shes having her flat repainted.
Get something done = conseguir fazer com dificuldade
Did you get all your work finished?
We got the whole house cleaned.
It is said/believed/thought/expected/claimed etc. (that )
It is believed that Vikings sailed to America.
Bush is thought to have avoided military service.
Let no usado na voz passiva (precisa usar allowed to)
They were allowed to use dictionaries.
Make/help/see/hear inclui to na voz passiva:
The students was made to do the homework again.
He was heard to say that he was guilty.
CAUSATIVE FORM (HAVE SOMETHING DONE)
formado por have + objeto + particpio passado do verbo principal, tem sentido passivo e expressa
uma ao que algum faz a nosso pedido ou em nosso favor, ou seja, no somos ns que realizamos a
ao.
Ex.: The roof of Lisas house was damaged in a storn. (O telhado da casa de Lisa foi estragado em uma tempestade.)
Yesterday a workman came and repaired it. (Ontem um trabalhador veio e consertou isto.)
Lisa had the rood repaired yesterday. (Lisa teve o telhado consertado ontem.)
This means: Lisa arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didnt repair it herself.
(Isto significa: Lisa chamou outro algum para consertar o telhado. Ela no consertou isto.)
Veja outros exemplos:
She doesnt have her nails done every week. (Ela no faz as unhas toda semana.)
14
Do you have your house cleaned every week? (Voc limpa sua casa toda semana?)
15
8. PHRASAL VERBS
So verbos de duas ou mais palavras, geralmente empregues em linguagem informal. Ex.: blow up
(explode/explodir), put out (extinguish/apagar).
Formam-se da seguinte maneira:
VERB + PREPOSITION = get over (an illness) restabelecer-se de (doena)
VERB + ADVERB = set off partir (em viagem)
VERB + ADVERB + PREPOSITION = put up with (something) suportar, tolerar (algo)
Deve-se considerar cada uma das combinaes dos phrasal verbs como um todo. No necessrio
distingui-las para os aplicar, mas sim saber se ele um verbo transitivo ou intransitivo.
Pode-se ainda combinar a parte que corresponde ao verbo com preposies ou advrbios diferentes
para formar novos phrasal verbs. Ex.: put about (espalhar rumores), put aside (pr de lado, pr de
parte), put back (repor, atrasar)
16
Cada um deles pode ter mltiplos significados, como put out apagar (fogo), estender (a mo),
anunciar notcias), espalhar (rumores), incomodar (algum), deslocar (parte do corpo), fazer-se (ao
mar), etc.
Os transitivos dividem-se em separveis e inseparveis:
* Separveis (2 palavras/2 formas): expressam-se de duas formas.
Quando o complemento direto no for um pronome, poder vir antes ou depois da
preposio/advrbio, embora essa regra no seja geral. Ex.: Take your coat off (Tire o casaco!), Take
off your coat! (Tire o casaco!)
Se o complemento direto for um pronome, este vem sempre antes da preposio/advrbio. Ex.: Take it
off! (Tire-o!), I told him off.(Eu ralhei com ele.)
Separaveis (2 palavras/1 forma): o complemento direto (incluindo os pronomes) vem sempre antes da
preposio/advrbio. Ex.: She let them down. (Ela desiludiu-os.), They didnt let them enter. (Eles no os
deixaram entrar.)
* Inseparveis (2 ou mais palavras/1 forma): o complemento direto vem sempre depois da
preposio/advrbio. Ex.: Look after my baby, please. (Cuido do meu beb, por favor.), The thief go
away with the money (O ladro conseguiu fugir com o dinheiro.)
Phrasal Verb BE
be about
be after
intransitivo
transitivo
be down with
transitivo
be in on
transitivo
be off
ir-se embora
intransitivo
be on to
transitivo
be over
be up for
suspeitar,
desconfiar
(de
algum)
acabar, terminar
estar disponvel para (venda)
be up to
intransitivo
be up to2
transitivo
intransitivo
transitivo
libertar-se, escaper-se
intransitivo
break down
transitivo
break in
intransitivo
break off
intransitivo/
transitivo
intransitivo
break out
17
break through
break up
transport,
atravessar,
penetrar
separar-se
(amigos,
namorados, sociedade)
intransitivo/
transitivo
intransitivo
intransitivo
come across
transitivo
come after
perseguir
transitivo
come apart
desfazer-se
intransitivo
come back
responder, retorquir
intransitivo
come down
ralhar
repreender
transitivo
come in
entrar, chegar
intransitivo
come into
herdar
transitivo
come off
intransitivo
come out in
come over
intransitivo
come
against
up
com,
defrontar-se
(dificuldades)
com
transitivo
transitivo
intransitivo
intranstivo
intransitivo
get back at
vingar-se
(algum)
get in
regressar a casa
intransitivo
get into
acostumar-se
a,
adquirir o hbito de
transitivo
de
transitvo
transitivo
transitivo
18
get over
restabelecer-se,
recuperar-se
doena, etc.)
(de
transitivo
get round
persuadir, convencer
transitivo
get to
irritar
transitivo
get up
levantar(-se)
intransitivo
trair, denunciar
transitivo
give in
give out
entregar
deixar de trabalhar,
parar (motor)
desistir de, deixar de
transitivo
intransitivo
give up
transitivo
Phrasal Verb GO
go about
go against
go at
go down
espalhar-se
doena)
(rumor,
intranstivo
ir
contra,
ser
desfavorvel a, ser
contrrio a
atacar
ser
transitivo
transitvo
go for
go off
go on
go out
se
acolhido,
recebido
escolher
apagar-se
continuar
sair
go round
fazer um desvio
intransitivo
Go together
combinar
intransitivo
Go without
passa sem
transitivo
hold off
conservar
a
distancia, impedir o
intransitivo
transitivo
intransitivo
intransitivo
intransitivo
transitivo
intransitivo
transitivo
19
managed
to
hold
off
the
enemy.
avano de
aguentar, manter-se
firme, persistir
hold on
hold out
hold
(sth)
(sb)
oferecer (esperana,
possibilidade
to
hold with
fazer
com
que
(algum)
cumpra
(algo)
aprovar, concordar
com
intransitivo
transitivo
transitivo
transitivo
9. SUBJECT-QUESTIONS
So frases interrogativas que perguntam pela identidade do sujeito. No existe inverso de verbo e a
ordem das palavras igual a de uma frase declarativa.
Ex.: Someone stole my bicycle. (frase declarativa)
Who stole my bicycle? (subject-question)
Consideremos a seguinte frase na interrogativa direta do tipo subject:
He asked, Who broke the vase?
Para convert-la em interrogativa indireta:
- comece por: He asked
- introduza o pronome me (opcional): He asked (me)
- adicione o advrbio who da interrogativa indireta: He asked (me) who
- recue o tempo verbal para o passado: He asked (me) who had broken
-adicione o resto da frase da interrogativa indireta: He asked (me) who had broken the vase
- termine a frase com ponto final: He asked (me) who had broken the vase.
OBS: Na interrogativa indireta no so usados recursos de pontuao (vrgula, aspas e interrogao).
Mais exemplos:
He asked, Whose car was stolen? (He asked whose car had been stolen.)
He asked, How many of you can lift this box? (He asked how many of us coult lift that box.)
10. ADVRBIOS
So empregues para modificar ou dar mais informao sobre verbos, adjetivos, outros advrbios e/ou
frases.
(verbo) + ADVERB
He ate quickly. (Ele comeu depressa.)
She drank slowly. (Ela bebeu devagar.)
ADVERB + (adjetivo)
It is fairly hot today. (Est bastante quente hoje.)
The book is reasonably cheap. (O livro razoavelmente barato.)
ADVERB + (outro advrbio)
He ate fairly quickly. (Ele comeu bastante depressa.)
She did the test fairly well. (Ela fez o teste bastante bem.)
ADVERB + (frase)
Frankly, I dont trust him. (Sinceramente, no confio nele.)
Politically, he is finished. (Politicamente, ele est acabado.)
Os advrbios so divididos em vrias categorias: intensidade, freqncia, modo, lugar e tempo.
* Advrbios de intensidade servem para modificar ou dar mais informao sobre: adjetivos, outros
advrbios e verbos. So eles:
20
almost (quase), barely (mal, apenas), fairly (razoavelmente, bastante), hardly (mal, apenas), nearly
(quase), quite (bastante), rather (bastante, um tanto), scarcely (mal, quase no), very (muito),
absolutely (absolutamente), really (realmente) etc.
Ex.: The room is nearly empty. (A sala est quase vazia.)
She did the exercises fairly quickly. (Ela fez o exerccio bastante depressa.)
He hardly understans me. (Ele mal me conhece.)
* Advrbios de freqncia (definida e indefinida).
Definida: once (a day) uma vez (por dia), twice (a week) duas vezes (por semana), three times (a
month) trs vezes (por ms), several times (a year) vrias vezes (por ano), hourly (de hora em hora),
every hour, every day de hora em hora, todos os dias, on Saturdays, on Sundays nos sbados, nos
domingos, on weekdays nos dias da semana, at weekends nos fins de semana.
Esses advrbios posicionam-se, normalmente, no fim das frases.
Ex.: John plays tennis every day. (O Joo joga tnis todos os dias.)
I visit my dentist twice a year. (Vou ao dentista duas vezes por ano.)
Indefinida: always (sempre), nearly always, almost always (quase sempre), usually, normally
(normalmente), sometimes, occasionally (s vezes, ocasionalmente), never (nunca), again and again
(repetidas vezes), now and again, now and then (de quando em quando), at times (por vezes).
Esses advrbios posicionam-se de vrias formas:
- No incio ou fim da frase para nfase
Ex: Occasionally, you hear noises in the basement. (Ocasionalmente, ouve-se barulho na cave.)
Do you see her often? (Costumas v-la muitas vezes?)
- No incio da frase para nfase (advrbio + imperativo)
Ex.: Always brush your teeth. (Escove sempre os dentes.)
Never forget what I said. (Nunca esqueas o que eu te disse.)
- No meio da frase antes do verbo se este tiver a forma de uma nica palavra.
Ex.: I always get up early. (Eu sempre levanto-me cedo.)
I never said that. (Eu nunca disse isso.)
- No meio da frase a seguir ao verbo BE
Ex.: He is always late. (Ele chega sempre tarde.)
The weather is sometimes unpredictable. (O tempo s vezes imprevisvel.)
- No meio da frase a seguir ao primeiro verbo auxiliar (exceto os verbos auxiliares used to, have to e
ought to, que vm somente depois do advrbio)
Ex.: He is always complainig. (Ele est sempre a queixar-se.)
Your request will never be granted. (O seu pedido nunca ser aceito.)
- No meio da frase a seguir ao sujeito nas interrogativas
Ex.: Do you always come here? (Vens sempre aqui?)
Does she usually study? (Ela estuda normalmente?)
- Antes do verbo auxiliar nas respostas curtas
Ex. She always works hard. (Ela sempre trabalha muito.)
But I often do! (Mas eu vou muitas vezes.)
* Advrbios de modo formam-se juntando um sufixo a um adjetivo, substantivo, ou advrbio de direo.
- adjetivo + LY: beautifully (lindamente, maravilhosamente), carefully (cuidadosamente), easily
(facilmente), quickly (depressa, rapidamente), slowly (lentamente, vagarosamente).
- substantivo + WISE: crosswise (transversalmente), lengthwise (longitudinalmente), moneywise (em
relao a dinheiro), timewise (em relao a tempo), clockwise (no sentido dos ponteiros de um relgio)
- substantivo/advrbio de direo + WARD(S): upward(s) (para cima), downward(s) (para baixo),
northward(s) (em relao ao norte), eastward(s) (em relao a leste).
Outros advrbios de modo formam-se combinando adjetivos terminados em ly com way, manner ou
fashion:
- adjetivo terminado em ly + WAY/MANNER/FASHION:
She spoke in a motherly way. (Ela falou de um modo maternal.)
They walked in an ordely fashion. (Eles caminharam de uma forma ordeira.)
Existem advrbios de modo com significado e forma iguais aos seus adjetivos correspondentes:
Adjetivo = advrbio
He works fast. (Ele trabalha depressa.)
He came last. (Ele chegou em ltimo lugar.)
21
22
high
slow
early
higher
slower
earlier
highest
slowest
earliest
He climbed higher this time. (Ele trepou mais alto dessa vez.)
I drive slower than you. (Eu guio mais devagar que tu.)
She left earlier this morning. (Ela saiu mais cedo esta manh.)
more quickly
most quickly
slowly
more slowly
most slowly
Exemplo
She speaks Englih more fluently these days. (Ela fala mais
fluentemente ingls hoje em dia.)
She works far more quickly than me. (Ela trabalha muito
mais depressa que eu.)
Could you drive more slowly? (Podias conduzir mais
devagar?)
11. NUMERAIS
* Cardinais indicam uma quantidade:
0 nought, zero
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 - ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 - fourteen
15 - fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
26 twenty-six
27 twenty-seven
28 twenty-eight
29 twenty-nine
30 thirty
31 thirty-one
32 thirty-two
33 thirty-three
.....
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 sevnty
80 eighty
90 ninety
.....
100 one hundred
101 one hundred and one
......
2,000 two thousand
3,000 three thousand
.....
1,000,000 one milion
2,000,000 two milion
OBS: Quando se sabe o nmero exato, diz-se os seguintes no singular: hundred, thousand, million, billion,
trillion, etc.
Quando no se sabe o nmero exato, diz-se os seguintes no plural: hundreds, thousands, millions,
billions, trillions, etc. Ex.: hundreds (of people) centenas (de pessoas)
* Decimais esquerda do ponto, l-se o nmero como inteiro e direita do ponto, lem-se os
algarismos individualmente.
0.125 zero point one two five
4.051 four point zero five one
* Ordinais so adjetivos que indicam ordem:
1st first
2nd second
3rd third
12th twelfth
13th thirteenth
14th fourteenth
23rd twenty-third
24th twenty-fourth
25th twenty-fifth
.....
40th fortieth
50th fiftieth
4th fourth
15th fifteenth
26th twenty-sixth
60th sixtieth
23
.....
1,000th one thousandth
1,001st one thousand
and first
1,002nd one thousand
5th ffth
6th sixth
7th seventh
16 sixteenth
17 seventeenth
18 eighteenth
27th twenty-seventh
28th twenty-eighth
29th twenty-ninth
70th seventieth
80th eightieth
90th ninetieth
8th eighth
9th ninth
19 nineteenth
20 twentieth
30th thirtieth
31st thirty-first
.....
100th one hundredth
10 tenth
11 - eleventh
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
32nd thisty-second
33rd thirty-third
and second
.....
2,000th two thousandth
3,000th
three
thousandth
.....
1,000,000th
one
millionth
2,000th two millionth
3,000th tree millionth
* Datas O ms vem sempre antes do dia, tanto na forma abreviada como por extenso e sempre
escrito com letra mauscula e a virgula empregue depois do dia, que lido como nmero ordinal.
Ex.: 6.15.00 ou 6-15-00 ou 6/15/00 (June 15,2000)
24
AAAA
1526 fiteen twenty-six
1631 sixteen thirty-one
1753 seventeen fifty-three
1897 eighteen ninety-seven
1999 nineteen ninety-nine
A00A
AA00
twenty-three
hundred
AAAA
2011 twenty eleven
2015 twenty fifteen
2025 twenty twenty-five
25
AT: Horas e momentos at 9.30, at midnight, at the moment, at the same time, at the beginning, at the
end
Noite/fim de semana/celebraes at night, at the weekend, at Christmas/Easter/New Year
ON: Dias e datas on Monday, on 12th June, on my birthday, on New Years Eve
IN: Perodos maiores que um dia in April, in the winter, in 2002, in the 1960s, in the 12th century
Partes do dia in the morning/afternoon/evening
Daqui a - in 5 minutes, in 2 years (time/from now)
FOR/SINCE: Perodo de tempo for 25 minutes, for 3 months, for a long time
Quando comeou since 8.00, since 1989, since the beginning
UNTIL/BY: At + tempo Were staying until Thursday
At + prazo You have to finish by Tuesday
Combinaes de preposies com outras palavras
Preposio + substantivo on holiday/vacation, on a trip/tour/cruise, on business, on the phone, on foot,
on the way, on a diet, on fire, on time, on behalf of, on sale, in the world, in cash, in bed, in favour of, in
particular, in town, at home, at last, at present, by cheque/credit card, by mistake, by + transporte, by
chance, by mail, out of date, out of work, out of breath, go for a walk/drink/swim/drive, under control
etc.
Adjetivo + preposio interested in, afraid/frightened/terrified of, worried about, good/bad at, similar
to, different from/to, married to, tired of, fed up with, covered in etc.
Verbo + preposio think of doing (pensar em fazer), think about (pensar em algo), ask for, ait for,
depend on, happen to, dream about, hear of (de algo/algum), hear about (de um acontecimento),
apologise for, insist on, accuse someone of, explain/complain to sb about st, spend money on, remind sb
of etc.
Outra combinao de verbo e preposio acontece com os chamados phrasal verbs, verbos cujo
sentido idiomtico (diferente do sentido literal), por exemplo: bring up (crier), look for (procurar), put
out (apagar), speak up (falar mais alto).
As principais diferenas entre FOR e TO
FOR
Fazer algo para outra pessoa, para o benefcio de
ou para ajudar algum:
Ill open the door for you.
He bought a dog for his son.
Please fill in the form for me.
Opinio pessoal e emoes, como elas nos
afetam:
For me, Pele is the best player of all time.
Money is so important for him.
TO
Quando faz parte do verbo, expressando:
a) Movimento: go, come, take etc.
b) Transferncia: give, pay, lend, send, offer, show.
He gave the dog to his son.
I sent a postcard to my mum.
O objetivo ou motivo para fazer algo:
I write books to make money.
To leave a message, press 3.
26
14. ARTIGOS
- Definidos Emprega-se o artigo definido the.
usado em diversas situaes, tais como:
* com substantivos contveis e no contavis (the book / o livro)
* para se referir a algo j mencinado na frase anterior (I saw a man and a woman yesterday. The man
was short and the woman was tall. / Eu vi um homem e uma mulher ontem. O homem era baixo e a
mulher era alta.)
* quando se espera que a pessoa com quem falamos saiba a que estamos nos referindo. (Its hot in
here. Coul you open the window, please? / Est calor aqui. Podias abrir a janela, por favor?)
* com expresses que tem a ver com instrumetos musicais no singular (She plays the piano. / Ela toca
piano.)
* nos superlativos. (the best book. / o melhor livro
* com numerais ordinais. (the first exercise / o primeiro exerccio)
* com perodos do dia e da noite. (in the morning/ de manh)
* para se referir a algo que nico. (the moon / a lua)
* com nomes de lugares. (the Azores / os Aores, the United States / os Estados Unidos)
* com adjetivos. (the old / os idosos)
* com apelidos plurais. (the Smiths / os Smiths/a famlia Smith)
- Indefinidos No h nenhuma diferena entre a e an.
So empregados somente com substantivos contveis singulares e servem para identificar, classificar,
definir, quantificar, se referir a algo, falar sobre algo, com certos nmeros e em exclamaes.
Ex.: Its a book. ( um livro.)
A dog is a domestic animal. (O co um animal domstico.)
I have a book. (Tenho um livro.)
A Mr. Brown would like to see you. (Um tal Sr. Brown deseja v-lo.)
He is a doctor. (Ele um mdico.)
Id like a lemon, please. (Quero um limo, por favor.)
I saw a car crash into a tree. (Eu vi um carro bater numa rvore.)
three times a day (trs vezes por dia)
Ive got a cold (Estou constipado.)
What a day (Que dia!)
a hundred (cem)
OBS: Utilize a quando o substantivo iniciar com som de uma consoante e an quando o substantivo iniciar
com som de uma vogal.
15. CONJUNES
Servem para juntar duas palavras, dois sintagmas ou duas oraes e apresentam-se em trs formas
bsicas: simples (uma palavra), composta (duas ou mais palavras) e correlativa (palavras aos pares).
Podem ser de dois tipos (coordenativas ou subordinativas).
- Coordenativas: juntam duas palavras, dois sintagmas ou duas oraes independentes de idntica
funo:
27
28
Ex.: Youve been running, havent you? (Voc tem corrido, no tem?)
Quando o verbo na orao principal no precedido por um verbo auxiliar, emprega-se do, does ou
did na question tag.
Ex.: She likes it, doesnt she? (Ela gosta, no gosta?)
Negativo/Afirmativo
Quando o verbo na orao principal estiver na negativa, o verbo da question normalmente
empregue na afirmativa.
Ex.: It isnt difficult, is it?
As regras para utilizao dos verbos so as mesmas usadas na forma afirmativa/negativa (acima).
Negativo/Negativo
Verbos na negativa tanto na orao principal quanto na question tag muito raro e s empregue para
exprimir agressividade.
Ex.: So he wont give me my money back, wont he?
(Ento ele no vai me devolver o dinheiro, no ?)
Imperativo
Quando o verbo na orao principal estiver no imperativo, emprega-se o verbo auxiliar will na question
tag. Esta forma usada para pedir a algum para fazer algo.
Ex.: Turn on the light, will you? (Podes acender a luz?)
Existem outras formas possveis para o imperativo, alm de will, so elas: wont, would, can, cant, shall.
Ex.: Close the window, would you?(Podes fechar a janela?)
Lets go, shall we? (Vamos?)
Shut up, cant you? (Voc no pode se calar?)
It e they na question tag
It empregado quando o sujeito do verbo na orao principal for nothing ou everything.
Ex.: Nothing is the same, is it? (Nada igual, no ?)
They empregado quando o sujeito do verbo na orao principal for somebody, anybody, no one,
nobody, etc.
Ex.: Somebody broke the vase, didnt they? (Algum quebrou o vaso, no ?)
17. CONECTIVOS
Words of connection so conjunes, advrbios, preposies, locues, etc., que servem para
estabelecer uma relao lgica entre frases e idias. O uso correto dessas palavras confere solidez ao
argumento e consequentemente elegncia ao texto.
Veja alguns exemplos:
- First of all, / In the first place,/ To begin with, (Em primeiro lugar / Para comear)
- Especially / Mainly (Principalmente )
- for some time / for a while / For the time begin (Por enquanto (no futuro) / At que mude de idia)
- As a rule (Via de regra)
- As time goes by ( medida em que o tempo passa)
- By the way / Speaking of that (A propsito / Por falar nisso)
- From the standpoint of (Do ponto de vista de)
- On the one hand (Por um lado)
- Likewise (Da mesma forma / Por seu turno)
- However (Entretanto / No entanto)
- In spite of / Despite (Apesar de)
- At least (Pelo menos)
- Unlike (Ao contrrio de)
- Unless (A no ser que)
- Since (Uma vez que / J que)
- For this reason / With this in mind (Por esta razo / Neste sentido / Desta forma / Diante do exposto )
- Therefore / So (Portanto)
- All things considered / Finally / In summary (Levando tudo isso em considerao / Em resumo)
18. VOCABULRIO
Falsos Cognatos
29
Actually (na verdade) nowadays (atualmente), eventually (afinal), apparently (ficar sabendo),
ultimately (no final das contas), combine (combinar duas coisas) arrange (combinar com outra
pessoa), compromise (meio termo) arrangement (compromisso), deception (enganao)
disappointment (decepo), educated (boa formao) [im]polite ([mal-]educado), indicate (mostrar)
recommend (indicar), nervous (nervosa, ansioso), annoyed/irritated (nervosa, chateado), particular
(especfico) private (particular), prejudice (preconceito) loss (prejuzo), pretend (fingir) intend
(pretender) think of doing (pensar em fazer), propaganda (informaes enganosas)
advertising/advertisement (propaganda/uma propaganda), resume (recomear) summarize (resumir),
reunion (encontro de ex-colegas, famlia etc.) meeting (reunio), sensible (sensato) sensitive
(sensvel), a shopping centre (um shopping), go shopping (fazer compras), support (apoiar) cant
bear/stand (no suportar), sympathetic (solidrio) nice/friendly (simptico) tax (imposto) fee/charge
(taxa), use (usar coisas) wear (usar roupas, jias, maquiagem etc.)
Palavras que causam erros com freqncia
Erevy day (todo dia) all day (o dia todo), another 3 weeks (mais trs semanas), go/come back (voltar),
cook (cozinheiro) cooker (fogo), hes dead (Ele est morto.) he died in 1990 (Ele morreu em 1990.),
he works hard (Ele trabalha duro/muito.) hardly ever (quase nunca), a story (uma histria) history
(histria), listen to (escutar, voluntariamente) hear (ouvir), I left the house (sa de casa), I left it a home
(esqueci em casa), lend (emprestar) borrow (pegar emprestado), steal some money (roubar dinheiro)
rob a house/bank etc. (roubar casa/banco etc.), lose your wallet (perder a sua carteira) miss the
planet/lesson (perder o/a avio/aula), do a test (fazer uma prova) I met him in 1998 (Conheci ele em
1998.), I know his brother (Conheo o irmo dele.), I remember him (Eu me lembro dele.), you remind me
of him (Voc me lembra dele.), they raise the price (Eles aumentam o preo.) the price rises (o preo
subiu), he said (Ele falou.) he told me (Ele me falou.), he got/be came annoyed (Ele ficou nervoso.),
there is/are (tem, existe), shes away/out of town (Ela est viajando.), a small town (uma cidadezinha)
a big city (uma cidade grande), I usually work (Eu costumo trabalhar.) I used to work (Eu trabalhava.)
Im used to working (Estou acostumado a trabalhar.), shes so clever (Ela to esperta.) shes such a
clever girl (Ela uma menina to esperta.), shes 10 years old (Ela tem 10 anos.) a 10 year old gr (uma
menina de 10 anos), beside (do lado) besides (alm disso), bored (chateado/entediado),
annoyed/irritated (chateado/nervoso), impressive (impressionante), stressful (estressante).
EXERCCIOS
Read the extract and answer questions 01 and 02.
Britain has one of the longest coastlines in Europe: 12,500 kilometres of varied and spectacular
shoreline that has shaped the character of this island nation. Over the years, many people have landed
at and embarked from British beaches; invaders and explorers, sailors and fishermen, merchants and
missionaries. The most numerous visitors, however, have _______ holidaymakers.
GLOSSARY
shoreline = costa, litoral
holidaymakers = turistas
01) Choose the best alternative to have the text completed.
a) been
b) gone
c) visited
d) arrived
02) Choose the alternative that presents an irregular plural form of the noun.
a) beaches
b) fishermen
c) kilometres
d) missionaries
Read the joke and answer the question.
Doctor, doctor, I keep thinking Im invisible.
Who ________ tha?
03) Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the dialog.
a) said
b) did say
c) do dyou say
d) did you say
Read the joke and answer the question.
Teacher: Johnny, how can you prove the world is round?
Johnny: I never said it was, miss.
04) The modal verb, underlined in the dialog, expresses:
a) ability
b) advice
c) possibility
30
d) permission
d) made
b) she isnt an only child.
d) she won three medals as gymnast.
Read the text and answer questions 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11.
Who Sleeps?
Reptiles, birds and mammals all sleep. Some fish and
amphibians reduce their awareness but do not ever
become uncoscious like the higher vertebrates do.
Insects do not appear to sleep, although they may
5 become inactive in dayligth or darkness.
By studying brainwaves, it is known that reptiles do
not dream. Birds dream a little. Mammals all dream
during sleep. Whales and dolphins are conscious
breather and because they nedd to keep conscious
10 while they sleep in order to breathe, only one half of
Their brain sleeps at a time.
1
GLOSSARY:
awareness = conscincia
07) According to the text,
a) all animals fall asleep.
c) reptiles neither sleep nor dream.
08) In although they may become inactive , (line 4), the underlined word implies an idea of
a) addition
b) purpose
c) contrast
d) comparison
09) only one half ot their brain sleeps, (lines 10 and11), means that
a) they keep conscious half a day.
b) the largest part of their brain sleeps.
c) just fifty percent of their brain in asleep.
d) dolphins and whales dream half and hour.
10) Birds dream a little, (line 7), means that
a) they dream a bit.
c) only some birds can dream
11) In like the higher vertebrates do, (lines 3 and 4), the underlined word was used
a) as an adverb
b) for emphasis
c) as a main verb
d) as an auxiliary verb.
12) Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks.
A: Do you have ________ book on Biology?
B: No, I have ___________. But I know there are _________ at the library.
a) some/any/some
b) any/none/some
c) any/some/none
d) some/none/any
31
c) give permission
c) have fun
d) give a party
16) According to the use of the definite article, choose the best alternative.
a) He is learning guitar and piano.
b) The France is famous for its wine.
c) The Biology is an important science.
d) The Queen of England lives in London.
Read the text and answer questions 17, 18 and 19.
Im Brenda. Im a housewife, age 36. I can organise my week as I want. So long as there are clean
clothes to wear and meals to eat, nobody really minds how or when I do the housework.
The bad thing is that housework is so repetitive and unrewarding. Nobody notices if you do clean
the bathroom. Its only if you dont clean it that they will say anything.
GLOSSARY:
Unrewarding = sem compensao
17) According to the text, Brenda
a) decides how and when to do her housework.
b) doesnt mind if the housework is repetitive.
c) should clean the bathromm first.
d) is very efficient.
18) We can infer from the text that people only care about the housework when they realize
a) the bathromm is really clean.
b) how repetitive the housework is.
c) they cant find clean clothes to wear.
d) how difficult is to organize the house.
19) Brenda is a housewife means that she works
a) for another family
b) as a housekeeper
c) in a hotel
d) at home
d) two languages
Read the extract and choose the best alternative to fill in the blank.
When you read you sometimes want to find specific information, such as a price, a phone number, or
an address. You dont read every word. You only look for the information you want. This skill is called
scanning.
21) scanning, underlined in the text, is _________ for reading.
a) a rule
b) an advice
c) a technique
d) some information
22) In A microscope has many uses. Medical scientists use microscopes to see tiny organisms., the
underlined word means
a) harmful
b) invisible
c) biological
d) extremely small
32
Smarter Clothes. Europe wants to own the market for fabrics that can monitor you and your
environment
SALLY MCGRANE/PAVIA
AT THE EUCENTRE, A RESEARCH SITE cofounded by the Italian Civil Protection Departament in
Pavia, Italy, a young engineer dons a firefighters uniform that has been in testing for six months. The first
prototype of the Proetex project, the ordinary looking navy blue jacket and pants contain high-tech
fabrics that can keep track of a firefighters vital signs, warn him if the fire is too hot up ahead, provide
GPS readings of his position and alert the command center if he has passed out. ()
Though the technology was pioneered in the U. S., the Europeans have taken the reins in a bid to
revitalize their traditional-textile industry, which has been hammered by Asian competition. We want to
develop state-of-the-art know-how that cant be found in Asia, says Andreas Lymberis, a scientific
officer with the European Commission who has championed smart textiles. Our purpose is to create a
new markeet.
Bringing industry partners like Phillips and traditional clothing and textile companies together with
university researchers from across the E.U. and Switzerland, Comission-funded teams have already
produced prototypes with limited commercial availability, such as a tank top that wirelessly monitors
cardiac patients and sports clothes that keep track of breathing. Other projects include fabrics that look
and feel normal but are embedded with microcomputers, solar panels and energy-harvesting systems,
as well as fabrics that measure blood oxygen levels and track biochemicals in sweat and bedsheets that
monitor depression.
The world market for smart textiles is still small about R 440 million in revenue in 2008 but that
could double by 2010, according to Massachusetts-based venture Development Corp. The challenge is
to fit applications to the market, says Lutz Walter, R&D manager at Euratex, a group representing the $
326 billion European clothing-and-textile industry. In the medical field, theres high value added. But to
be approved as devices takes 10 years, says Walter. In other areas, its price: How much are consumers
going to be willing to pay for a smart jogging shirt or for a baby suit that detects sudden death
syndrome? ()
The development of these technologies is currently taking place largely in the biomedical and
safety fields, but Annalisa Bonfiglio, a professor of electrical and electronic engineering at the University
of Cagliari who coordinates the Proetex projetc, thinks sports could be the sector where the most
potential lies. Sportswear is an extremely powerful means for promoting the acceptance of these new
technologies by common people, says Bonfiglio, noting that the technology Proetex develops for
rescue workers could easily be used later for sports applications.
At the Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston, researchers are testing a glove made by
Smartex, an Italian smart-materials company, that tracks motos functions in poststroke patients.
Smartex founder and University of Pisa biomedical-engineering professor Danilo de Rossi says
there is no way of knowing if Europe will maintain its edge. Right now we are leading in this field, he
says, since Europe tends to be concerned with medicine, social welfare and the elderly, whereas the U.S.
tends to focus on military technology. Thag could change. But in a business driven by technology rather
than price, the Europeans woulds still have a fighting chance.
23) Assinale a opo que melhor indica o tema central do texto.
a) Levantamento de necessidades do mercado mundial para o desenvolvimento de tecidos
inteligentes.
b) Descrio de peas de vesturio desenvolvidas por engenheiros europeus e americanos.
c) Disputa do mercado mundial para deteno da tecnologia para desenvolvimento e produo de
tecidos inteligentes.
d) Concorrncia entre diversas indstria do setor txtil.
e) Disputa entre universidades e indstrias europias para o desenvolvimento de pesquisa tencolgica
na rea txtil.
24) De acordo com o texto, a indumentria desenvolvida no Projeto Proetex permite, dentre outras
funes, que:
I. os sinais vitais e a localizao do usurio sejam monitorados.
II. o usurio seja alertado sobre aumento da temperatura externa.
III. um possvel desmaio do usurio seja evitado.
Est(o) correta(s):
33
a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas II e III
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas II e III
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas II e III
34
The idea behind Leonardos Laptop is a consideration of what Leonardo da Vinci world demand
from a laptop computer and what he would do with it. To Shneiderman, who is founding director of the
Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, the new computing puts users first.
Shneiderman begins with a brief history of computing and computer applications, declaring that, These
founders of the old computing overcame technological limitations to build impressive projects and then
turned to producing tools for themselves, giving little thought to the needs of other users. Although not a
founder, I admit to being of the old computing generation. I programmed in dead languages such as
IBMs 1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I have now learned
Visual Basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these languages that center
a programmers focus on those who use their applications. The new computing is not about languages
but, as Shneiderman suggests, about understanding human activities and human relationships.
With Leonardo as both creator and user, his laptop will enable greater creativity and grander
goals. This book goads you with ideas for applications in e-learning, e-business, e-healthcare, and egovernment. Each area is built around a framework for technology innovation that Shneiderman calls
the four circles of relationships and the four stages of activites. ()
Althought the mental picture of Leonardo with a notebook computer excites the imagination, as
a literary device, it does not wear well as the book progresses. Nonetheless, Shneiderman achieves the
objective os Leonardos Laptop creating a foundation for the new computing.
With a new computing application in hand, B. J. Foggs Persuasive Technology: Using Computers
to Change What We Think and Do gives you advice on its implementation. To Fogg, who lauchend
Stanfords Persuasive Technology Lab and who holds seven patents in the area of UI* design, a web site
must first be credible to be persuasive. Fogg has coined the term captology to describe this branch of
the study of computers. From the books Introduction.
Captology focuses on the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products
created for the purpose of changing peoples attitudes or behaviors.
It is the computers ability to provide interactivity that gives its applications an advantage over
other forms of media.
Persuave Technology describes three basic roles that computers play: the computer as a tool, as
media, and as a social actor. Further, there are seven types of persuasive tools describes by Fogg. Such
tools persuade by simplifying, tunneling (guiding), customizing, being there at the right time, removing
tedium, rewarding after observation, and reinforcing proper behavior. As media, computers can modify
behavior by simulating new endeavors. As a social actor, computers persuade through praise.
Howeveer, no matter the role, to persuade, the application must be credible.
Perhaps the most interesting parts of Foggs book are the two chapters that discuss the ways in
which computer applications destroy their own credibility and what an application or web site must do
to be considered, by its users, trustworthy. According to Fogg, a computing device or application is
perceived to be credible only if it is first perceived as believable-trustworthiness based on expertise. In
brief, an application is trustworthy if it is thought to be fair and unbiased. It is trustworthy if its author or
origin is thought to be skilled and knowledgeable. The crux of the issue is that credibillity matters.
Both books are thoroughly documented and both are excellent points of departure for a more
detailed inquiry into the available material. If both books are taken to heart, using computers and their
applications will become enjoyable and satisfying.
U.I. - *User Inteface
e) report
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas I e III
32) Com relao a Leonardos Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing TechnologiesI, NO se
pode dizer que a obra:
a) tem como foco o usurio de computadores, seja ele um iniciante ou especialista no assunto.
35
b) destaca a importncia de programas como Autocoder e Assembler, assim como COBOL, RPG, Visual
Basic e C++.
c) discute o tipo de uso que Leonardo da Vinci faria, caso tivesse um computador porttil.
d) mostra a importncia das relaes humanas no uso do computador.
e) apresenta ao usurio possibilidades de diferentes usos do computador, dentre eles, para negcios
eletrnicos.
33) Com relao a Persuasive Technology: Using Computer to Chang What We Think and Do, analise as
afirmaes a seguir:
I. O trabalho foi idealizado no Laboratrio de Tecnologia Persuasiva da Universidade de Stanford e
consiste na stima criao intelectual do ator.
II. Ao propor um novo conceito na rea computacional, o autor destaca mudanas de atitude ou de
comportamento dos usurios.
III. A obra argumenta que uma pgina da web deve ser confivel para seduzir o usurio.
Est(o) correta(s):
a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas II e III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
36
d) apenas I e II
e) nenhum
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) todas
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas II e III
37
Chelsea: We could get tandems, and longer bikes, so children could ride on the back. Cars should be
very, very expensive.
Eryn: You also get bad pollution from burning down the rainforest. We should give money to poor people
in Africa and places.
Chelsea: We should spread out the people evenly. We could say, Put your hands up all those who want
to live in Africa. And then we could spread out the food. Theres enough to go around.
Eryn: We use up far more of the earth than people in Africa so its a good idea for the whole world to
discuss environment.
(Move up Heinemann)
c) drinks
d) illnesess
38
_________ from different racial, religious and economic backgrounds. We had to clean cars in teams, and
we quickly learned to work together.
I learned the better way to become indispensable: you know how to do all aspects of your job. At
the carwash, all all aspects included vacuuming the interior, scrubbing whitewalls and polishing
chromes until it shined. Sixteen years later, when I started my own business, I again had to know how to
do every job in the company advertising, marketing, producing and negotiation contracts.
Working at the carwash taught me that there is a direct connection between working and a
feeling of self-steem. Young people who refuses jobs that they consider inferior or low-paying are only
hurting themselves. As long as you do your best, every job is a learning experience and a step to a better
job.
(Adapted from Readers Digest, January, 1999)
44) Mark the option which ISNT applied correctly in the text.
a) themselves
b) of your
c) the better
d) a better
Read the following paragraph and then answer questions 49 to 52 according to it.
Dealing with Sensitive Materials on the Internet
With the emergency of user-friendly online systems, the Word Wide Web and its introduction into
the classroom, more and more children are taking advantage of the power of the internet. However, it
remains largely and adult forum, and so it carries with it adults subject matter.
Does it raise the question of what ________ when adult topics and a childs nave explorations
meet? The debate has raised not only questions of obscenity, harassment, free speech, and censorship,
but also of government control of the Internet, and its very nature as a communications resource.
Whatever the outcome of this war is, it will set a precedent for how society and government deal
with the exchange of information in the future. Is the Internet a free forum for discussion or is it a
broadcasting service and therefore subject to the same restrictions as television, print, or radio?
Are to internet communications on the right privacy covered by the, or can e-mail messages be
legally observe ? Are web pages free speech or are some subjects taboo on the internet because a
39
child may stumble upon them? And who is responsible for internet content in a communications medium
where traditional publishing scenarios no longer apply and content can be posted anonymously?
For people who wish to control or limit the use of the internet, the issue of children and
pornography has been a valuable tool for gaining public support. The key is to find a solution to protect
our children while at the same time, avoid setting up a climate of control that will limit our rights as adults.
(Adapted from Franework Level 3 Richmond)
49) The underlined question has been mixed up. Put the word in the right order according to the context.
a) Are communications on the Internet covered by the right to privacy?
b) Are the internet covered on privacy by the right to communications?
c) Are the internet to communications covered on by the rigth privacy?
d) Are the right by privacy to communications on the internet covered?
50) Comparing the pieces of content the internet provides, it may be sai that.
a) there are more childish articles than grown up ones
b) children have to surf the internet less than adult
c) the adults content provides much more useful information
d) there isnt any solution to control our kids in the internet without limiting ourselves.
51) Complete the gap with the rigth verbal tense.
a) does happen
b) happen
c) do happen
d) happens
52) Mark the correct question to the answer below extracted from the text.
The debate
a) Which subject has explored children?
b) What has raised questions of obscenity, harassment, etc?
c) Which topic protected children from the argument of the text?
d) What matter is trying to control the use of internet by children?
Read the following paragraph and then answer questions 53 and 54 according to it.
Upside dow
Whos to say
Whats impossible
Well they forgot
This world keeps spinning
And with each new day
I can feel a change in everything
And as the surface breaks reflections fade
But in some ways they remain the same
And as my mind begins to spread its wings
Theres no stopping curiosity
(Jack Johnson)
40
to the number of
(58)
, the wind speed, and the amount of sunlight. And if youd looked really
close, you would have discovered the quad-core Xeon computers running customized software that
took inputs from people-monitoring video cameras and environmental sensors to precisely
(59)
the
display.
Escolha, em cada questo, a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna correspondente,
tornando o texto coeso e coerente.
55) a) stroll
56) a) next
57) a) larger
58) a) passersby
59) a) choreograph
b) tiptoe
b) past
b) opener
b) passes
b) listen
c) crawl
c) future
c) closer
c) passengers
c) dance
d) trek
d) following
d) locally
d) passings
d) rehearse
e) paddle
e) ago
e) nearby
e) passwords
e) sing
60) Martin Hellman, professor emeritus at Stanford, used engineering risk analysis methods to determine
the failure rate for the United States nuclear deterrence strategy and came up with a shocking 1
percent chance per year that a nuclear war will break out.
What can be understood about this passage?
a) According to the United States, a nuclear war is not likely to erupt.
b) Engineering risk analysis methods are inefficient because they hardly determine failure rates.
c) The USA develops strategies to avoid nuclear issues.
d) There have been found failures concerning the risk analysis methods used by Professor Martin Hellman.
e) According to the USAs nuclear deterrence strategy, 1 percent of the USA population is afraid of a
nuclear war eruption.
61) Chip makers replaced aluminum interconnects with better conducting copper ones about seven
years ago, but now coppers days are numbered too.
What is the present condition of copper interconnects?
a) They were substituted by aluminum ones.
b) They will soon be replaced.
c) They are numbered according to their conductivity.
d) Their conductivity is as powerful as aluminum ones.
e) They receive serial numbers.
62) Don McMillan likes to say that the only time people laugh at engineers is when they mess up at work.
But hes the exception. Hes a trained electrical engineer, and people laugh at him everyday unless he
messes up. Thats because he tells jokes for a living.
What do we know about Don McMillan?
a) Hes a comedian.
b) He messes up at work.
c) People laugh at him because he messes up.
d) He pretends he is a trained electrical engineer.
e) He makes money as an electrical engineer.
63) Designers use database of North American and European body measurements to create their
products but feel a lack of data to adapt the designs to Ansians different body measurements. That will
soon change?
a) Databases of Norty American and European body measurements do well to all cultures.
b) Designers will soon chance North American and European body measurements databases.
c) Asians have the same body measurements as North American and European.
d) The body measurements databases used by designers are not perfect but please all their costumers.
e) One size never fits all.
64) Remember when Barbie whined that math is hard. Maybe you got annoyed at hearing a popular
female doll say that to little girls. Or maybe you aiso had a nagging suspicion thati, in fact, boys are
better at math. Well, the latest research is in, and the answer is a resounding no: an analysis of
performance on math tests finds that girls match boys. The findind appears in the Jully 25 issue of the
journal Science.
Which of the new information bellow could be coherently added to the passage?
a) And no gender difference can be found among top performers either.
b) So, once more its proven that male chromosomes are more efficient.
c) Therefore, the gender struggle is over: women have shown better performances that men.
d) But playing Barbie is a way of learning Math.
41
Several hundred years ago, village doctors in rural China diagnosed diabetes by the
characteristically sweet semll of a patients breath. Today hospitals use a battery of blood tests and
laboratory analyses to make that same diagnosis, but doctors may soon be sniffing their patients breath
again. This time the doctors will have electronic noses small and cheap enough to carry in their pockets.
42
This e-nose will be the culmination of decades of work at counties laboratories, where researchers
have sought to create a tiny, cheap, automatic sniffer that would let wine bottles monitor the aging of
their, contents, allow meat packages to flag spoilage, and enable mailboxes to check for bombs.
Imagine barroom coasters that double as Breathalyzers, bumper stickers that monitor car emissions. Until
now, its been just so much sci-fi.
E-nose technology has quietly advanced during the past two decades. Commercial models
equipped with sensor arrays came to market in the mid-1990s, and today theyre used to distinguish
wines, analyze food flavors, and sort lumber. Benchtope systems are also used in the pharmaceutical,
food, cosmetics, and packaging industries, while smaller, portable units are used to monitor air quality.
But these noses cost in the range of US $5000 to $100,000. A coming convergence between enose technology and advances in printed electronics will finally bring the price down way down. Within
a decade well see e-noses that cost tens of dollars and appear in smart packaging for high-end items
like pharmaceuticals or as part of intelligent or interactive appliances picture a refrigerator that nows
when milk has gone bad. Prices could easily drop to under a dollar by 2020.
The secret? Conducting polymers. Developers of both electronic noses and printed electronics
are exploiting these materials, which can be sensitive to the chemicals that make up odors and are also
capable of producing electrical signals. E-nose developers are concentrating on honing the sensing
properties of conducting polymers, while the printed-electronics people are investigating ways of using
these materials to fabricate ultralow-cost electronics. Combining the fruits of these two separate efforts
will finally bring e-noses into our supermarkets, homes, and daily life.
O quadro abaixo apresenta um ttulo apropriado para cada pargrafo do texto, conforme seu
contedo. Observe o quadro e responda s questes de 75 a 79.
a) The innovative material
b) Personified inanimate objects
c) Past inspired sci fi
d) Already in the market
e) Allying technologies promise the product accessible in ten years
Atribua o ttulo apropriado a cada pargrafo, de acordo com o quadro acima.
70) Ttulo para o primeiro pargrafo
a) b) c) d) e)
71) Ttulo para o segundo pargrafo
a) b) c) d) e)
72) Ttulo para o terceiro pargrafo
a) b) c) d) e)
73) Ttulo para o quarto pargrafo
a) b) c) d) e)
74) Ttulo para o quinto pargrafo
a) b) c) d) e)
75) In which of the following you are likely to find the text E-NOSE?
a) a tourist brochure
b) a safety leaflet
d) a comic book
e) a billboard
c) a scientific journal
76) Escolha a palavra ou expresso que apresenta um significado DIFERENTE do significado da palavra
sublinhada em: This e-nose will be the culmination of decades of work at countless laboratories
a) highest point
b) end
c) apogee
d) climax
e) result
77) De acordo com o contedo do texto E-nose, qual das seguintes frases provvel ser encontrada
no texto?
a) E-noses are a nonsense and deserve no more research.
b) E-noses will hardly be more than fantasy in peoples mind.
c) E-noses will soon be omnipresent in this centurys societies.
d) E-noses will remain unaffordable despite serious research is developed.
e) E-noses are mere toys in the hands of imaginative scientists.
78) Qual o significado do seguinte fragmento retirado do texto E-nose: Imagine barroom coasters
that double as Breathalyzers?
a) There will be twice as much barroom coasters as Breathalyzers.
b) Two different people will use the same barroom coaster.
c) Breathalyzers will be replaced by barroom coasters.
d) Every drink ordered will allow the costumer the right to use a Breathalyzer.
e) Barroom coasters will have one more function.
79) Qual dos ttulos seguintes pode ser usado apropriadamente para substituir o ttulo do texto E-nose?
a) ELECTRONIC NOSES SNIFF SUCCESS
b) SNEEZING NOSES
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c) INVENTED DIAGNOSIS
e) EXPENSIVE ODORS TURNED CHEAP
d) HUMAN NOSES
80) According to the text above, what will be the result of climate change?
a) Hunger, war, lack of rain, public disturbance.
b) War, eclipses, cold weather, lack of rain.
c) Hunger, cold weather, conflict, eclipses.
d) Terrorism, nuclear, threat, eclipses, rising seas.
e) Public disturbance, rising seas, global stability, nuclear threat.
81) What is NOT true according to the text?
a) Humans will have violent times.
b) England will be colder than it is today.
c) Climate changes will happen unexpectedly sudden.
d) Climate change will be more serious than terrorism.
e) Europe will be under the sea.
82) Considering the text, what does the word dwindling mean in this extract?
() countries develop a nuclear threat to defend and secure dwindling food, water and energy
supplies.
a) widerspreading
b) decreasing
c) stable
d) existing
e) proper
83) Read the text below. Why was this Army soldier in eastern Afghanistan praised by the Defense
Secretary?
GATES HAILS SOLDIER SNAPPED IN PINK BOXER SHORTS
Defense Secretary Robert Gates on Thursday praised on Army soldier in eastern Afghanistan who
drew media attention this month after rushing to defend his post from attack while wearing pink boxer
shorts and flip-flops, Reuters reported. Gates said in prepared remarks that he wants to meet the soldier
and shake his hand the next time he visits Afghanistan.
Any soldier who goes into battle against the Taliban in pink boxers and flip-flops has a special
kind of courage, Gates said in a speech to be delivered in New York. I can only wonder about the
impact on the Taliban. Just imagine seeing that: a guy in pink boxers and flip-flops has you in his crosshairs. What an incredible innovation in psychological warfare, he said.
Army Specialist Zachary Boyd, 19, of Fort Worth, Texas, rushed from his sleeping quarters on May 11
to join fellow platoon members at a base in Afghanistans Kunar Province after the unit came under fire
from Taliban positions. A news photographer was on hand to record the image of Boyd standing at a
makeshift rampart in helmet, body armor, red T-shirt and boxers emblazoned with the message: I love
NY. When the image wound up on the front page of the New York Times, Boyd told his parents he might
lose his job if President Obama saw him out of uniform.
(Adapted from http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,521138,00.html)
This Army soldier in eastern Afghanistan was praised by the Defense Secretary
a) because even geing tired he kept his position.
b) because he helped his feloows invade Afghanistan.
c) because he presented an incredible innovation in psychological warfare.
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84) Which is the best alternative considering some of the statements are true (T) and other are falses (F)?
I The action Egypt has taken against the swine flu increased the conflict between Muslims and
Christians.
II The action Egypt has taken against the swine flu caused anger among pig farmers.
III The U.N. considered the swine flu a real mistake.
IV The U.N. supported the decision taken by Egypt.
V The population of Egypt is mostly Muslims.
VI The government wants to punish the Edyptians.
The best alternative is:
a) I (T), II (T), III (F), IV (F), V (T), VI (F)
b) I (T), II (F), III (T), IV (T), V (F), VI (F)
c) I (F), II (F), III (T), IV (F), V (F), VI (T)
d) I (T), II (T), III (T), IV (F), V (T), VI (F)
e) I (F), II (T), III (F), IV (F), V (F), VI (T)
85) The word prompting is this extract from the first paragraph () and one that is prompting anger
among the countrys pig farmers. Has the same meaning as:
a) realizing
b) finishing with
c) encouraging
d) responding to
e) preparing for
86) Which alternative below is NOT CORRECT, based on this
OBAMA SIGNALS MORE ACTIVE RESPONSE TO PIRACY
The rescue of Captain Phillips drew widespread praise for the Navy and Mr. Obama, but some
experts warned that it could escalate the campaign by Somali pirates, who have vowed to take revenge
on Americans and are holding more than 200 hostages from other countries.
Mr. Obama praised Captain Phillips for his courage and leadership and selfless concern for his
crew, and he said he was very proud of the Navy and other American agencies involed in the
operation.
(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/14/world/africa/14pirates.html?_r=1)
87) Read the text below. Why has the US government changed credit card regulations?
NEW CREDIT CARD LIMITATIONS IN THE US
Credit card companies in the US will soon be bound by new restrictions on their ability to charge
fees, or raise interest rates on existing borrowings.
The bill is designed to protect credit card users from unexpected fees or increases to their interest
rates.
The US government has been concerned to tighten its regulations of the banking system in the
light of the credit crunch and banking crisis.
This cements a victory for every American consumer who has ever suffered at the hands of the
credit card industry, said Senator Christopher Dodd, chairman of the Senate banking comminttee.
45
Americans currently owe nearly $1 trillion on their credit cards. The US government has been
concerned to tighten its regulation of the banking system in the light of the credit crunch and banking
crisis.
(Adapted from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8063108/stm)
Which is the best alternative considering some of the statements are true (T) and others are false (F)?
I The research is about the colour of the sky in different parts of the planet.
II Expedia used a previous blue sky standard in the research.
III The lamps that are currently used in the measurement were replaced by cheap ones.
IV NPL adjusted the device to use an international colourimentry standard.
V Rio de Janeiro and New Zealand got first rank in the Research while Australia came in second.
VI It was a surprise that the UK did not figure in strongly in the top 10.
The best alternative is:
a) I (T), II (F), III (F), IV (F), V (T), VI (F)
b) I (F), II (F), III (T), IV (T), V (F), VI (F)
c) I (F), II (T), III (T), IV (F), V (F), VI (T)
d) I (T), II (F), III (T), IV (T), V (F), VI (F)
e) I (T), II (T), III (F), IV (F), V (F), VI (T)
89) Which is the correct option to complete the text below?
________(1) last month I spent four days in _______(2) Angra with _____(3) cousin from ______(4) Paran.
Her father is ______(5) uncle of mine who moved to _____(6) south 2 year ago.
a) , the, a, the, the, the
b) The, , a, , an, the
c) , , a, , an, the
d) The, the, a, the, the, the
e) , , the, , an,
90) Which is the correct option to complete the sentences below?
The furniture for our living room _______________________ devilvered.
a) has not been
b) have not been
d) does not have
e) has not
c) were not
91) Analyse the sentences below. Which TWO sentences express the same idea?
(1) Those poor children must have new shoes.
(2) Those poor children have had new shoes.
(3) New shoes must be provided for those poor children.
(4) New shoes must have been given for those poor children.
The correct answer is:
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 4
c) 2 and 3
d) 2 and 4
e) 1 and 3
92)Mary saw her boyfriend with another girl and they had a quarrel. She shouthed: Dont come here
anymore!
Which alternative best reports what she said?
a) She said her boyfriend do not come here anymore.
b) She told to her boyfriend not to come here anymore.
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c) So had I
99) Read the extract below and choose the only sequence that can complete it.
CHILDREN
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The other day I was chatting to a friend about children. We were discussing the fact that we had
both been __________(1) by rather strict parents, and had both decided to try to be more tolerant when
we _____________(2) and had children of our own. The problem that my friend had found with this strategy
was in finding a way to control his kids now that they are teenagers. He said the fact that he had
__________(3) them for more than 13 years, providing all the love and care they needed, is not enough to
persuade them to respect his decisions.
a) brought up, grew up, looked for
b) grown up, brought up, kooked for
c) brought down, had grown up, looked after
d) brought up, grew up, looked after
e) grown up, had grown up, looked like
NATO, ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates
NAIROBI, Kenya NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after they
attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the high-speed chase only ended
when warning shots were fired at the pirates skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the Norwegianflagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers and alerted
warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard a warship in the Gulf
of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATOs maritime headquarters in England.
How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker,
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker.
Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase.
There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours, Davies said. The pirates hurled weapons into the
dark seas as the Canadian and U.S. warships closed in. The ships are part of NATOs anti-piracy mission.
The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory, Fernandes said. It was
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after several
attempts to stop the vessel.
Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped most of
their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a rocket-propelled grenade,
and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates.
The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory.
When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national authorities,
Fernandes said. It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue.
The pirates release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates they
catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and witnesses to court.
Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at least 18
ships including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard and over 310 crew hostage,
according to an Associated Press count.
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09)
100) The Canadian Navy is involved in the incident described in the text because:
a) The pirates accidentally crossed in front of the Canadian warship Winnipeg which was on its way
through the Gulf of Aden.
b) The pirates tried to attack an escorted ship filled with valuable supplies for the World Food Program.
c) The Norwegian tanker chased the pirates until the Canadian and the North American warships
arrived.
d) NATO ships were already in the area looking for the pirates skiff.
e) The USS Halyburton asked their Canadian counterparts for assistance after locating the skiff.
101) In the sentence There was a lengthy pursuit, over seven hours, there is a word formed by the suffix
y. In which option below the word is formed by the same suffix?
a) lately
b) mostly
c) fury
d) ally
e) healthy
102) According to the text, the crew members of the Somali shops seized CANNOT be held in custody
because:
a) Their guns are hurled into the seas and no proof of their status as pirates can be found on board of
their ships.
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49
50
Botelhos legacy is a dynamic company, one of Brazils leading exporters, investing in its
employees and technology to produce top-notch aircraft.
(Airline Business Daily @ALTA, 2 December, 2006 p.6)
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In leaving academic research, says Kodosky, we took a giant step back from what we were
workin on. ARL was cutting edge. Now it was customers who were doing the interesting experiments. Still,
he and Truchard say they have more impact on science by supplying tools than they would have had as
researchers. We can have a nonlinear effect on the productivity of the science and engineering
community. There is plenty of anectodal evidence that our virtual instrumentation can make people 5 to
10 times as productivity. Kodosky says. I personally would find it frustrating [to do research] because its
slow, but dropping by a customers site every couple of years is fun. We live vicariously through them.
(Tony Feder)
e) todas
(1)
Young babies can discriminate between different languages just by looking at an adults face,
even if they do not hear a single spoken word. And babies who grow up bilingual can do this for longer
than monolingual infants. The work suggest that visual information help to tell languages apart.
(2)
This supports the idea that infants come prepared to learn multiple languages and to
discriminate them both auditorily and visually, says Whitney Weikum from the University of British
Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, who discovered babies keen eye for speech. Looking at a face may
help identify speakers of your native language.
(3)
Weikum and her colleagues, showed babies videos of adults speaking various sentences, but with
the sound turned off. The infants soon got bored, but as soon as speakers switched from Engelish to
French, they noticed the change and watched with renewed interest.
(4)
Laura-Ann Petitto, who researches language and child development at Dartmouth College in
Hanover, US, previously studied visual language perception in deaf babies who were learning sign
language. She is excited by Weikums results: Never did we dream that young hearing babies also use
visual cues in this stunning way.
Bilingual asset
(5)
A good eye for different languages appears to be especially important if you need to tell them
apart regularly. At eight months old, bilingual babies could still see the switch happen, but their
monolingual peers stopped noticing it after the age of six months.
52
(6)
This shows us how a babys language development is closely related to their learning
environment, says Weikum. Only if they are explosed to more than one language, do they remain able
to discriminate the languages visually.
(7)
However, Weikum does not think that parents who are keen to help their babies learn to speak
need to introduce a second language before the visual discrimination ability disappears, of start using
visually exaggerated speech. Our study does not show visual speech cues help infants learn languages,
only to tell them apart. Parents should just continue talking to their babies in fun, engaging
conversations.
(8)
The researchers now want to discover more about how bilingual babies maintain and take
advantaged of visual discrimination, and find out what the precise visual cues are in a speakers face
that help a baby to identify different languages.
123) Uma das frases a seguir expressa a idia Principal (P) do texto, uma outra expressa uma idia muito
Ampla (A) para ser considerada a idia principal e uma terceira expressa uma idia muito Restrita (R)
para ser a idia principal do texto. Identifique-as:
a) ( ) Visual language perception is the focus of different researchers.
b) ( ) Young babies have a keen eye for identifying a second language switch.
c) ( ) Parents should not worry about introducing a second language to their kids before the visual
discrimination ability disappears.
124) Numere as frases abaixo de 1 a 8, conforme o nmero do pargrafo indicado no texto que
expressa a idia de cada sentena.
a) ( ) Babies in whose environment only one language is spoken can hold the special ability for a shorter
priod of time.
b) ( ) Exposing a baby to visual linguistic stimuli wont necessarily make them better language learners.
c) ( ) Language visual information is used either by babies who can hear as by babies who cannot.
d) ( ) Scientists still dont have the answers for a series of questions.
e) ( ) Summary of the text.
f) ( ) The conclusion of the research agrees with the idea that humans have an innate biological
apparatus for learning different languages.
g) ( ) The context where a child is raised has to do with the development of their linguistic abilities.
h) ( ) The experiment procedure.
125) Complete as frases a seguir com and, because, but, or e so para que elas faam sentido de
acordo com o texto Babies can spot languages on facial clues alone. Os conectivos no devem ser
repetidos.
a) Differently from monolingual babies, bilingual ones can discriminate between different languages
after six months old __________ that doesnt mean this ability them better languages learners.
b) Whitney Weikum discovered babies keen eye for speech __________ Laura-Ann Pelitto, who also
studies visual language perception in babies, got very excited with the results.
c) A good eye for different languages appears especially important to bilingual babies _________ they
need to tell them apart regularly.
d) The sound of the videos shown to the babies had to be turned off ________ the results couldn have
concluded that visual information helps to tell languages apart.
e) The researches want to discover more about how bilingual babies maintain and take advantage of
visual discrimination ___________ the studies should be carried on.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda as questes 126, 127, 128 e 129.
Wi-F? Why Worry? (Adapted from BBC, April 2007)
Scare stories about the dangers of wireless networks lack credibility, argues Bill Thompson
(1)
Students at Canadas Lakehead University have to be careful how they connect to the internet
because Wi-Fi is banned on large parts of the campus.
(2)
University president Fred Gilbert, whose academic interests include wildlife management,
environmental studies and natural resources science, is worried about the health impact of the 2.4 GHz
radio waves used by wireless networks.
(3)
Last year decided to adopt the precautionary principle and refused to allow Wi-Fi in those areas
that have what he calls hard wire connectivity until it is proved to be safe.
(4)
Mr. Gilbert believes that microwave radiation in the frequency range of Wi-Fi has been shown to
increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cause behavioural changes, alter cognitive functions,
53
activate a stress response, interfere iwht brain waves, cell grouth, cell communication calcium ion
balance, etc., and cause single and double strand DNA breaks.
(5) Unfortunately the science says he is wrong, and his students are suffering as a resuft.
Smog talk
(6)
While the heating effects of high exposures to electromagnetic radiation can be damaging, the
power levels of wireless connections are much lower than the microwave ovens and mobile phones
which share the frequency range, and treating them in the same way is the worst sort of
scaremongering.
(7)
Yet Mr. Gilbert is not alone.
(8)
In 2003 parents sued a primary school in Chicago because it had dared to provide children with
easy access to computing resources over a wireless network.
(9)
And there are a number of pressure groups, campaigning organizations and ill-informed
individuals who believe that wireless networks pose a threat to health and want to see them closed
down.
(10)
Now it seems they have been joined by the editor of the UK newspaper the Independent on
Sunday, which this weekend filled its front page with a call for research into the electronic smog that is
permeating the nations schools and damaging growing childrens brains.
(11)
An accompanying editorial with the even-handed headline high-tech horrors called for an
official inquiry, while the article outlining the perceived dangers asked Is the Wi-Fi revolution a health
time bomb?
(12)
The answer, of course, is no.
(13)
That will not stop the newspaper stoking up a wave of opposition to one of the most liberating
technologies to have come out of the hi-tech revolution, limiting childrens access to networked
computers at schools and even blocking plans to develop municipal wireless networks in our towns and
cities.
(14)
If the journalists were really concerned about the dangers of radio frequency electromagnetic
radiation on the sensitive brains of the young, they should be calling for the closure of TV and radio
transmission towers rather than asking us to turn off our Wi-Fi laptops.
(15)
The modulated frequencies that carry Radio 4 and ITV into our homes are just as powerful as the
wireless networks, and a lot more pervasive.
(16)
And my wireless network is only carrying data when Im online, while Radio 3 burbles all day long,
possibly exciting electrons in my brain and causing headaches.
(17)
Then there is the danger from photons of visible light streaming down onto us as we work, since
these carry more energy than microwaves and could surely do more damage.
(18)
Perhaps we should demand that our children work in the dark.
126) Retiro do texto Wi-Fi? Why Worry? as informaes pedidas nos itens seguintes.
The frequency of wireless network radio waves. ________________________a______________________.
Three health damages network radio frequency are supposed to cause: ____________b____________,
______________________c______________________ and ___________________d______________________.
An example of a technological device whose power levels are higher and can be more dangerous
to health than that of Wi-Fi: ______________e_________________.
127) Retire do pargrafo indicado uma palavra ou expresso que seja o sinnimo da expresso dada
em cada item.
a) pargrafo 6 to have something in commom:
b) pargrafo 9 are risky:
c) pargrafo 10 request:
d) pargrafo 14 insteat of:
e) pargrafo 17 harm:
128) Complete as frases a seguir usando as palavras e expresses do quadro conforme o contedo do
texto Wi-Fi? Why Worry?
Bill Thompson
Fred Gilbert
Students at Canadas Lakehead University
Ill-informed individuals
The editor of The Independent
Journalists
54
a) _____________________ thinks it is a mistake to forbid people to Wi-Fi connect to the internet under the
argument of health impact of the 2.4 GHz radio waves used by this kind of technology.
b) _____________________ devotes attention to diverse issues concerning how to live in nowadays world
without the pervasive effects of technology.
c) ______________________ are not allowed to use Wi-Fi resources in areas where the wire connectivity is
available.
d) ____________________, e)_____________________, f) ____________________ and g)__________________ agree
when it comes to believing that wireless network technology threatens peoples healthy.
h) _____________________ were imposed a precautionary principle by i) ___________________, and are
experiencing and unpleasant situation.
j) ______________________ are not really worried about the effects Wi-Fi technology can cause in humans
bodies, if so they would also claim agains radio frequencies and electromagnetic radiation.
GABARITO
01 a, 02 b, 03 a, 04 a, 05 a, 06 a, 07 b, 08 c, 09 c, 10 a, 11 d, 12 b, 13 c, 14 d, 15 b,
16 d, 17 a, 18 c, 19 d, 20 a, 21 c, 22 d, 23 c, 24 d, 25 a, 26 d, 27 e, 28 d, 29 a, 30 b,
31 a, 32 b, 33 e, 34 a, 35 c, 36 b, 37 a, 38 d, 39 b, 40 b, 41 d, 42 c, 43 a, 44 c, 45 b,
46 d, 47 d, 48 b, 49 a, 50 d, 51 d, 52 b, 53 c, 54 c, 55 a, 56 b, 57 c, 58 a, 59 a, 60 c,
61 b, 62 a, 63 e, 64 a, 65 c, 66 e, 67 d, 68 e, 69 d, 70 c, 71 b, 72 d, 73 e, 74 a, 75 c,
76 b, 77 c, 78 e, 79 a, 80 a, 81 e, 82 b, 83 e, 84 a, 85 c, 86 e, 87 d, 88 d, 89 c, 90 a,
91 e, 92 e, 93 c, 94 d, 95 b, 96 d, 97 c, 98 e, 99 d, 100 a, 101 e, 102 d, 103 d, 104 c,
105 e, 106 d, 107 c, 108 b, 109 c, 110 b, 111 b, 112 b, 112 d, 113 d, 114 c, 115 a, 116 d,
117 c, 118 d, 119 d, 120 d, 121 e, 122 a, 123 A, P, R, 124 5, 7, 4, 8, 1, 2, 6, 3, 125 a) but, b)
and, c) because, d) or, e) so 126 - a) 2.4 GHz, b) aumento da permeabilidade da barreira hematoenceflica, c) mudanas comportamentais, d) alteraees nas funes cognitivas, e) microondas ou
celulares, 127 a) share, b) pose a threat, c) request, d) rather than, e) damage, 128) a) Bill Thompson,
b) Mr. Gilbert, c) Students at Canadas Lakehead University, d)Mr. Gilbert, e) Ill informed individuals, f)
The editor of the Independent, g) Journalists, h) Students at Canadas Lakehad University, i) Mr. Gilbert, j)
Journalists
VEJA ABAIXO ALGUMAS PROVAS DE CONCURSOS ANTERIORES, GABARITADAS E COM RESOLUO.
01) The Statement from the text, But Jagger challenged the action saying his marriage to Hall in Bali was
not legally valid means that Jagger
a) displayed how his determination in relation to his marriage in Bali was not valid and legal in count.
b) expressed his disagreement about the authorities rules, affirming his speech was true and theme were
some mistakes with the laws.
c) wanted to challenge Hall by saying their marriege had happened as a result of her pregnancy.
d) divorced his wife after confirming her judgment accepting the consideration of a court of law shes
brought an action against him.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B Jagger casou-se em Bali, mas afirma agora que o casamento no tem
validade jurdica.
02) The world hangup in the text means.
a) something you wait for a short time and solve tightly.
b) a particular place where people get money after requiring it in court.
c) an informal way to keep something updated instead of asking for money judicially.
d) a subject you have to solve.
55
56
a) many people not even know or care about limbs and lands that are being lost due to landmines
among the poorest people.
b) anti-personnel landmines are causing awareness among not only the poorest people but the
landmines, too.
c) the poorest people on earth are waiting their lives in landmines thats why waste their healthy, too.
d) limbs and lands that are among the poorest population are not aware of the world.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A A princesa Diana discursa de modo claro falando que o mundo tem
pouca conscincia ( to little aware ) sobre as perdas causadas por minas terrestres.
07) According to Dianas speech we way observe that her first concem is related to the
a) ones who are not killed outrigth
b) terrible injuries peopole from Angola suffer.
c) little information the world has about the deaths caused by landmines.
d) world that remains largely aware of the jandicapped ones.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C No comeo do texto lemos The world, with its many other preocupations,
remains largely unmoved by a death roll of some 800 people every month (), cuja traduo : O
mundo, com suas muitas outras preocupaes, permanece imvel diante de um corredor da morte de
800 pessoas todos os meses. Ao fim do texto lemos que esse death roll (corredor da morte) causado
pelas minas terrestres, o que nos leva alternativa C.
08) Read the paragraph below to answer question 8.
Os brasileiros so os grandes beneficiados com a auto-suficincia na produo nacional de petrleo e
com os investimentos que esto sendo feitos pela Petrobrs.
(Revista PETROBRS, Abril de 2006.)
09) only a relatively small amount of heat is los through the windows. The boldface expression in the
sentence can only be substituted for
a) a great deal of
b) plenty of
c) a small number of
d) a little
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D A small amount of usado com expresses incontveis, e portanto s
pode ser substituda por a little.
10) Mark the option that means Heating bills can be reduced when double glazing is installed.
a) When double glazing is installed heating bills can reduced it.
b) Double glazing can reduce heating bills when it is installed.
c) Double glazing is installed to reduce heating bills.
d) When you install double glazing you reduce heating bills.
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RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B A questo trata da passagem de voz passiva para ativa; por isso, para a
passiva, temos: custos de calefao podem ser reduzidos com vitrificao dupla, que, na voz ativa,
fica a vitrificao dupla pode reduzir o custo de calefao.
11) Mark the item that contains the right information about the text.
a) When double glazed is installed in a house it gets warmer and with less noise.
b) Houses become more secure if the windows are glazed because of the condensation.
c) A safe house is recognized when we can check that its glazed indeed and not so noisy.
d) Double glazed houses are less noisy and prevent us from the high temperature.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A No texto lemos sobre as vantagens de colocar camadas duplas de vidro
nas janelas de uma casa: only a relatively small amount of heat is lost through the windows. Double
glazed windosw preventing escaping of the heat. () also ensures that condensation is reduced and
noise is decreased.
Em portugus:
somente uma relativamente pequena quantidade de calor perdida atravs das janelas. Janelas
com camada dupla de vidro, eivta-se a perda de calor e tambm reduz a condensao e o barulho.
Em nenhum momento o fator segurana levado em considerao, eliminando as alternativas B e C.
J a alternativa D pode ser eliminada uma vez que, segundo a mesma, a dupla camada de vidro nos
protegeria das altas temperaturas e esta afirmao no sustentada pelo texto. Alm disso, o contexto
de uma regio fria, sendo citado no texto Heating bills can be reduced , isto , despesas com
aquecimento podem ser reduzidas, assim, a alternativa correta a A.
TEXTO QUESTES 12 a 14
Read the article below carefully and answer questions 12 to 14.
Fireworks
Fireworks constitute a variety of devices used for religious or entertainment purposes. They contain
incendiary compunds that produce sound, color, smoke, or movement, or combination of these. The
ingredients consist of fuels, oxidizers, and modifying agents. The fuels used are charcoal, sulfur, antimony
sulfide, and powdered metals. Chlorates and nitrates usually provide oxygen for the reaction, since
fireworks do not use atmospheric oxygen. Various colors are obtained from metals salts. Sodium produces
yellow; copper, blue green; calcium, red; strontium, scarlet; and barium, green. Picric acid or sulfur tends
to intensify the colors, and ammonium salts increase the shades obtainable. Addition of iron and
aluminum powder provides sparks and fiery displays. The craft of blending mixtures packaging them is an
ancient one in China, where fireworks are used for religious purposes. In Europe fireworks for
entertainment have been manufactured since the 13th century. In many places throughout the United
States and Canada the sale of fireworks is restricted by law because of the danger of injury.
(The International Encyclopedia)
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RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A The craft of blending mixtures packaging them is an ancient one, ou
seja, an ancient craft. A palavra one usada para que a palavra craft no tenha que ser repetida.
14) Change the sentence extracted from the text into passive voice.
Chlorates and nitrates usually provide oxygen for the reaction.
a) Oxygen is provided for the reaction usually by chlorates and nitrates.
b) The ones that usually provide oxygen for the reaction are chlorates and nitrates.
c) Oxygen for the reaction is usually provided by chlorates and nitrates.
d) Chlorates and nitrates are usually provided by oxygen for the reaction.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C Nesta questo temos a mudana do emprego de voz ativa para voz
passiva. Assim, se dissermos que os cloratos e nitratos normalmente fornecem o oxignio para a
reao sua passiva ser o oxignio para a reao ser normalmente fornecido pelos cloratos e
nitratos.
TEXTO QUESTES 15 a 17
Read the passage below and answer questions 15 to 17
Who Moved My Cheese?
Who Moved My Cheese? Its a parable that reveals deep truths about changes. Two little mice and two
little men live in a labyrinth searching for some cheese a metaphor used to express what we wish to
have in life, from a good job to spiritual peace. One of them is successful and writes what he learnt from
his experiences on the walls of the labyrinths. The scribbled words on the walls teach us how to deal with
the changes to live with less stress and achieve much more success at work and personal life.
15) Its clear that Who moved my chesse is
a) a self-confidence book that tries to make us smarter to modify plentiful situations in our lives.
b) a piece of advice for the ones who cant solve their problems at all, and still insist on being stuck.
c) a self-improvement reading that shows how we should deal with ourselves and make life better.
d) a special speech for the ones that are involved with the great changes that occur when they get
amazed.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C O texto refere-se a um famoso livro da categoria Auto ajuda, que
poderia ter uma traduo livre para o ingls como self-development. O ltimo pargrafo nos leva
diretamente alternativa correta, quando diz teach us how to deal with the changes to live with less
stress and achieve much more success at work and personal life, que em portugus significa nos
ensina como lidar com as mudanas da vida com menos estresse e alcanar muito mais sucesso no
trabalho e na vida pessoal.
16) Two little mice and two little men live in a labyrinth searching for some cheese.
The world little can only be substituted for ___________ and refers to the ___________.
a) small / emphatic opinion given by the author to the characters.
b) few / size of the men and mice.
c) brief / height of them.
d) short / the lack of importance showed by the author.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A A palavra little no trecho significa pequenos.
b) FALSA: few melhor traduzido por poucos
c) FALSA: bried significa breve
d) FALSA: short significa curto
17) Who moved my cheese? Whatx expected from the one who reads it?
a) Knowing life and the labyrinths to succeed more then usual.
b) Searching spiritual peace and living as the characters, always complaining abouth the career and life
and general.
c) Scribbling new experiences and admitting the one success to use them deeply.
d) Dealing with changes, living better and achieving success.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D O texto afirma que a parbola pode nos ensinar a lidar com mudanas,
viver com menos stress e ter mais sucesso: teach us how to deal with the changes to live with less stress
and achieve much more success at work and personal life.
TEXTO QUESTES 18 a 20
Read a letter and answer questions 18 to 20.
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As a survivor of the Holocaust, I lost the I led more than 60 years, when the world didn t give a damn on,
like today, acknowledgde that a storm of destruction was imminent (The lost City, Sept, 12). Sitting in my
comfortable, dry home watching the horror of New Orleans made me cry the tears I didnt have when I
was a child losing everything, feeling with just the clothing I wore that day. More than 60 years ago, I was
on a different continent. The disaster that unfolded in front of my eyes today took place in my adopted
country, among my adopted people. We didnt know is an unpardonable excuse. We didnt care is
more like it. Without hesitation, America spends billions and wastes human life in a country that is not
interested in democracy. Yet we quibble about the cost of Katrina, a cost that will affect everyone in our
backyard for years to come.
(Lucie L. Liebman Staten Island, New York)
21) The sentence the criminals gains are other peoples losses means
a) criminals gain more than everyone.
b) people lose more than expected by the criminals
c) criminals gain, whereas others lose.
d) people expect to lose less than the criminals gain.
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RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C Whereas d a idia de contraste, dando a idia de que enquanto uma
pessoa ganha, a outra perde.
22) Read the statements below and classify them as (T) true or (F) false, respectively
( ) More than ninety percent of the worldwide trade is made of fake products.
( ) Two famous brands in China are responsible for a loss of more than a hundred million dollars per year.
( ) More than two thirds of Yamahas bikes sold across the globe are fake products.
( ) The brand Nike has a great profit caused by counterfeit goods.
Mark the correct alternative.
a) F/F/T/F/
b) T/F/T/T
c) T/T/F/F
d) F/T/T/F
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A
(F) Apenas 7% do comrcio mundial de produtos piratas/
(F) O texto afirma apenas que a empresa Procter and Galbme tem prejuzos com a pirataria (superiores
a 100 milhes de dlares por ano), portanto, embora certamente haja outras empresas com prejuzos na
China devido pirataria, somente uma citada;
(T) Cinco em cada seis motos Yamaha vendidas so ilegais;
(F) O texto informa que a Nike tem prejuzo de 70 milhes de dlares devido ameaa de imitaes e
produtos piratas.
23) According to the last paragraph, consumers
I have always intended to byu counterfeit goods.
II are sometimes deceived by the fakes.
III occasionally prefer pirate products because they are cheaper.
IV see the illegal copies as a solution to the growing economical problems.
The only correct sentences are
a) I and III
b) III and IV
c) II and III
d) II and IV
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C - As proposies corretas so somente as nmero II e III e os trechos se
encontram a seguir:
Para a proposio II temos as duas ltimas linhas do texto: Frequently, however, buyers dont realize
they are buying a fake instead of the genuine article. (Frequentemente, no entanto, os compradores
no notam que esto comprando um artigo falsificado ao invs de genuno).
Para a proposio III temos as duas primeiras linhas do ltimo pargrafo: Sometimes consumers profer
to buy an illegal copy () because it costs less. (s vezes os consumidores preferem comprar uma
cpia ilegal porque ela custa menos).
A afirmativa Iest incorreta devido ao termo sempre que no condiz com o texto, segundo o qual s
vezes os consumidores preferem comprar produtos no originais. J a afirmativa IV est incorreta
porque nada citado no ltimo pargrafo sobre a crena dos consumidores a respeito de solues
para problemas de crescimento econmico.
TEXTO QUESTES 24 e 25
Read the fragment and answer questions 24 and 25.
Image, image, image
Heres the coolest wildest hippest funkiest object! Image-conscious person cannot do without
it!
This style is ideal for fashion and consumer objects (cell phones, backpacks, watches, and so on). Its the
most common form of advertising for many products. But dont forget all those other types of message.
Be smart: dont let the advertisers fool you!
(Taken from Consumers Portfolio)
24) Theres one option which DOESNT match the context, mark it.
a) According to ads, the image-conscious person doesnt have to live without their products.
b) You may be persuaded by the advertisers.
c) You need to be perceptive to avoid being influenced by the ads.
d) You should pay attention to the message behind the advertisements.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A O modal usado no texto para exemplificar as propagandas o modal
can (na forma cannot). No possvel substitu-lo, no contexto, por have to, que expressa obrigao
em vez de possibilidade, capacidade. O uso de can no contexto sugere muito mais a idia que o autor
do texto deseja passar sobre as propagandas do que o modal have to. Alm disso, o texto enfatiza os
riscos de ns, consumidores, no sermos cautelosos em relao s propagandas, o que
adequadamente expresso nas alternativas, exceto a A.
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25) According to image, image, image to sell fashion and consumer objects people announce
them as the most
Mark the option DOESNT suit the text.
a) stylish
b) different
c) natural
d) modern
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C O fragmento fala de como a publicidade procura demonstrar que os
seus objetos so diferenciados, modernos, etc, e no naturais (comuns).
TEXTO QUESTES 26 a 28
Read the paragraph and answer questions 26 to 28 according to it.
The concept of generation gap is widely accepted in Canada and the United States. It was a concept
that grew in prominence in the 1960s and 1970s, when a common belief among young people was
Never trust anyone over thirty and many older people feit they could no longer understand young
people. These days, manu people think that the generation gap is lessening because the baby-boom
generation (those born between 1946 and 1961) has moved past the age of fhirty.
(Taken from Passages 1 TM, CUP)
26) The sentence in italicx, when a common thirty has the function of:
a) establishing contrast
b) emphasizing a concept
c) showing a condition
d) explaning something
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D A palavra when (quando), neste contexto, serve para colocar um fato
em considerao, no sentido de explic-lo; no caso do texto dado, a inteno explicar o que significa
o generation gap, conflito de geraes que baseava-se na frase Nunca confie em algum com mais
de trinta anos.
27) Whats the main idea of the text?
a) Never believe older people.
b) The excessive amount of births after was caused the generation gap.
c) The United Sttes and Canada have a lot of problems concerning people coming from different
generations.
d) What is known as generation gap was spread by the young people in the sixties and seventies.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D O texto refere-se a um conflito de geraes ocorridos nos anos 60 e 70, o
qual est perdendo fora nos dias atuais, entre outros fatores, pelo envelhecimento (e, portanto,
mudana de lado no conflito) dos jovens daquele perodo.
Notadamente, a segunda linha do texto diz it (generation gap) was a concept that grew in
prominence in the 60s and 70s. Alm disso, nas 3 ltimas linhas temos These days, () past the age of
thirty.
28) The text affims that the generation gap is lessening. It means it has
a) increased
b) stabilized
c) decreased
d) not changed
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C Da leitura do texto, infere-se que the generation gap is lessening, o que
signifca dizer que o conflito em questo est diminuindo. (Lessen sinmino de decrease).
29) Read the paragraph of an article from Newsweek, Nov/14, 2005, whose title is Rethinking Arafat
and answer question 29 according to it.
It might also take years for Palestinians to assess Arafats legacy. Given the lingering suspicion that he
was poisoned (the cause of death is listed as undetermined), many Palestinians arent in the mood to
start sorting through his record. As long as this matter is not resolved, you wont hear people questioning
his leadership, says Hafes Barghouti, editor of the Palestinian daily Al-Jadidah, just bemoaning the
consequences.
According to the writer,
a) Arafats legacy will certainly take time to be assessed.
b) Arafat must have been poisoned.
c) many Palestinians want to clarify the suspicion concerning Arafats death as soon as possible.
d) Arafats leadership wont be questioned, unless the matter of his death is resolved.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D O texto coloca que, enquanto o assunto no for resolvido, ningum
ouvir as pessoas questionando a liderana de Arafat: As long as this matter is not resolved, you wont
hear people questioning his leadership.
30) Read the headline of the article referred on the previous question and answer question 30.
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If the Palestinians leader was the real problem, why havent things improved in the year since his
death?
The author,
a) assures things will be better after the leaders death.
b) wonders if Arafat was really a problem to his country.
c) thinks improvements need time.
d) says things have changed after the leader died.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B O autor indaga se Arafat era realmente o problema da Palestina, j que,
de acordo com ele, as coisas no teriam mudado depois da morte da lder palestino.
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c) Crtica literria
crtica cinematogrfica
sinopse de livro/filme.
d) Crtica cinematogrfica
crtica literria
sinopse de livro/filme.
e) Crtica cinematogrfica
sinopse de livro/filme
crtica literria.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D O primeiro texto fala sobre um filme que adaptao de um livro. as an
adaptation, Animal farm spends too much time on details of time and place. Instead, directors ()
O Segundo uma crtica literria. The novel can be seen as the historical analysis of the causes of the
failure of communism, or as a mere fairy-tale.
O terceiro texto conta a histria do livro e, consequentemente, tambm do filme (que uma
adaptao do livro), portanto uma sinopse.
02) Da leitura dos textos I, II e III, possvel depreender que:
I. o trabalho de Orwell pode ser entendido como um conto de fadas ou como uma crtica a regimes
polticos totalitrios.
II. o filme Animal Farm retrata todos os aspectos apresentados no livro de mesmo nome e, por isso,
recebeu elogios da crtica.
III. o enredo de Animal Farm aborda, entre outros temas, a influncia do poder no comportamento
humano.
Ento est(o) correta(s):
a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) apenas I e III
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA E
I Verdadeira. A primeira afirmao est correta e pode ser confirmada com o trecho The novel can
be seen as the historical analysis of the causes of the failure of communism, of as a mere fairy-tale.
II Falsa. A segunda afirmao est errada, o que pode ser confirmado atravs do ltimo pargrafo do
primeiro texto, em que o autor afirma que uma leitura do livro se faz necessria para que se possa
captar aquilo que o filme no disse. Alm disso, segundo a crtica apresentada no texto I, o filme no
passa a mensagem mais profunda do livro.
III Verdadeira. O livro trata de uma fazenda dominada por animais, aps a expulso dos humanos. No
incio da dominao da fazenda pelos animais, estes trabalhavem em p de igualdade, porm mais
adiante os porcos passaram a comandar o lugar, reescrevendo as regras, de modo a reforar e
consolidar o prprio poder. A alegoria faz aluso luta pelo poder entre seres humanos, o que
reforado quando os porcos firmam um acordo com seres humanos para a explorao dos demais
animais. O desfecho se d quando os outros animais concluem que porcos e humanos so iguais,
portanto, podemos dizer que a afirmao de que o poder influncia no comportamento humano
verdadeira, pois os porcos nada mais so do que uma stira dos humanos detentores do poder.
03) Assinale a opo que indica possibilidade de substituio de termo ou expresso em negrito no
Texto I sem que o sentido do texto seja comprometido.
a) has cropped up em has cropped up on scholl reading lists pode ser substitudo por has been imposed.
b) fail em Few readers can fail to be touched pode ser substitudo por help.
c) since em This familiarity is convenient since, as pode ser substitudo por because.
d) Instead na ltima sentena do primeiro pargrafo pode ser substitudo por Furthermore.
e) left out em just to know whats been left out pode ser substitudo por included.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C
a) Incorreta. O verbo crop up quer dizer acontecer ou aparecer repentinamente, enquanto to
impose significa impor;
c) Correta. Since pode ser um advrbio de tempo ou uma preposio, mas tambm pode ser uma
conjuno, expressando tempo ou razo. Na orao em questo: This familiarity is convenient razo e
podendo, portanto, ser substituda por because;
d) Incorreta. Instead quer dizer ao invs disso e furthermore quer dizer alm de, alm disso;
e) Incorreta. O verbo to be left out quer dizer deixar de for a, enquanto included significa
exatamente o oposto.
04) Os termos prevent from (Texto II) e realize (Texto III) significam, respectivamente:
a) prevenir-compreender
b) impedir-compreender
c) prevenir-imaginar
d) impedir-idealizar
e) preparar-idealizar
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B A questo traz famosos falsos cognatos que costumam confundir os
estudantes com menor domnio do ingls. Prevent from quer dizer impedir, evitar e realize significa notar,
compreender.
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05) No Texto III o termo which em the seventh and most important of which is that refere-se a
a) the new philosophy of Animalism
b) the wall of the barn
c) commandments
d) all animals
e) all people
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C Nesta questo of which faz referncia a um elemento que for a citado
anteriormente, e este elemento os mandamentos, como se pode notar atravs da leitura de todo o
perodo: The Seven Commandments () are written on the wall (), the seventh and most important of
which, cuja traduo Os Sete Mandamentos () foram escritos na parede (), o stimo e mais
importante deles
06) No final do Texto III, o autor afirma que os animais no conseguiam mais diferenciar os homens dos
porcos. Qual das opes abaixo, com frases encontradas no Texto II, faz observao semelhante?
a) power turned the pigs from simple comrades to ruthless dictators.
b) dictators who managed to walk on two legs, and carry whips.
c) human nature and diversity prevent people from being equal.
d) the creatures outside looked from pig to man.
e) but already it was impossible to say which was which.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA E A alternativa E tem como traduo mas j era impossvel dizer qual era
qual em um contexto em que se enfatiza significativamente a semelhana entre homens e porcos.
07) A expresso break out em destaque no Texto III significa
a) to make a sudden, quick advance
b) to bring or come to an end
c) to develop suddenly
d) to force or make a way through
e) to cause to separate into pieces suddenly or violently
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C To break out quer dizer aparecer repentinamente.
As demais alternativas trazem os seguintes significados:
a) fazer um repentino, rpido avano
b) finalizar, concluir ou chegar a um acordo
d) abrir caminho
e) rasgar ou espedaar
As questes de 8 a 10 referem-se ao seguinte cartaz de divulgao de evento, afixado em um dos
murais do ITA.
5th
Brazilian
MEETING
MRS
FLORIANPOLIS
0
0
6
SBPMat
BRAZIL-MRS
Sociedade Brasileira
em Pesquisas de
Materiais
CALL
FOR
PAPERS
65
I. o V SBPMat uma conferncia internacional realizada anualmente na rea de Cincias dos Materiais
e Engenharia.
II. o evento tem por objetivo promover discusses sobre temas ligados pesquisa em Materiais.
III. estaro presentes no evento engenheiros e cientistas de vrias partes do mundo, no apenas do
Brasil.
a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas I e II
d) apenas II e III
e) todas
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D
I. Falsa A primeira afirmao torna-se falsa, por dizer que a conferncia internacional, enquanto o
texto diz: () the largest and most comprehensive Brazilian national conference, isto , trata-se de
uma conferncia nacional.
II. Verdadeira Ao final do primeiro pargrafo lemos: MRS meeting 2006 will provide a very stimulating
environment for the discussion of relevant themes in material reserch., ou seja, o encontro ir
proporcionar um ambiente muito estimulante para a discusso de relevantes temas em pesquisa de
materiais.
III. Verdadeira No quarto pargrafo lemos: The conference will bring together scientists and engineers,
from Brazil and abroad (), ou seja, a conferncia ir colocar em contato cientistas e engenheiros do
Brasil e de outros pases.
09) Ainda de acordo com o texto no cartaz, considere as seguintes afirmaes:
I. a programao cientfica do evento composta de simpsios, palestras, comunicaes orais e
posters.
II. o V SBPMart e o X MICROMAT sero realizados concomitantemente.
III. a informao Abstract Submission Deadline June 30, 2006 refere-se ao prazo final para inscries no
evento.
Ento est(o) correta(s):
a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas I e II
e) todas
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D
I. Correta Esta afirmao confirmada nas ltimas linhas do ltimo pargrafo. The scientific program
consists of 13 symposia, each featuring internationally recognized speakers as well as oral and poster
contributions. In addition, leading-edge topics of materials research will be highlighted by distinguished
lecturers in plenary sessions., ou seja, na programao h 13 simpsios, apresentaes orais, posters,
alm de palestras conduzidas por distintos professores universitrios.
II. Correta - A segunda afirmao pode ser confirmada pelo segundo pargrafo: The Meeting will be
held together with the X Brazilian Congress for Microscopy of Materiais (MICROMAT 2006). To be held
together quer dizer acontecer junto tornando corret a assertiva.
III. Incorreta Abstract submission deadline significa prazo final para apresentao de resumos de
trabalhos (no caso trabalhos cientficos, pesquisas), no fazendo referncia s inscries propriamente
ditas. possvel, por outro lado, que a inscrio de palestrante do evento e apresentao dos resumos
seja um processo nico, o que no esclarecido pelo texto. De todo modo, este provavelmente no
seria o prazo mximo para se inscrever no evento, por exemplo, como ouvinte.
10) Finalmente considere as seguintes informaes:
I. the largest and most comprehensive conference indica que a conferncia um evento de grande
porte e de carter abrangente.
II. being held em now being held for the 5th time e will be held together em The meeting will be held
together with the X Brazilian poderiam ser substitudos, respectivamente, por taking place e will occur.
III. leading-edge topics refere-se a temas em destaque na rea de pesquisa de materiais.
Ento eest(o) correta(s):
a) apenas a I
b) apenas I e II
c) apenas II e III
d) apenas I e III
e) todas
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA E
I. Correta Largest significa maior; most comprehensive o mesmo que mais abrangente.
II. Correta To be held sinnimo de to take place, will be held together, significa vai ocorrer junto e,
na frase, pode ser substitudo sem perda de significado por will occur, ficando a frase com a seguinte
traduo: O encontro vai ocorrer com o X
III. Correta Leading-edge topics significa tpicos de elevada relevncia e modernos, avanados,
novos.
11) A opo que melhor preenche a lacuna da primeira frase no dilogo abaixo :
A Well, Mr. Vagner, our point is that Ahn, ___________________
B Not at all
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RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A O perodo anterior sentena termina falando dos novos megajatos. O
seguinte faz referncia contextual these a estes novos megajatos, levando-nos alternativa A.
15) A expresso to be well short of em we will still be well short of the electrical system pode ser
substituda por:
a) to be far from
b) to be adequately suppolied with
c) to be below the limit
d) to be close
e) to be left off
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A A expresso to be well short of signifca to be far from. Note o sentido do
trecho But, even after adding in we will still be well short of the electrical system on board, o qual
afirma que mesmo colocando muitos dos equipamentos que consumam energia eltrica no avio
ainda estaremos distantes da capacidade do sistema eltrico a bordo. Este fato justificado pelo
constante desenvolvimento na rea.
16) O aspecto que permitir maior liberdade as projetistas que:
a) os novos jatos contaro com aplicaes eltricas inovadores.
b) os megajatos tero dois alternadores por motor e a fiao comportar tenses e freqncias
diversificadas.
c) os novos jatos contaro com corrente alternada e contnua.
d) os megajatos oferecero novas possibilidades de entretenimento.
e) as novas aeronaves contaro com um sistema eltrico mais eficiente e seguro.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B No final do ltimo pargrafo temos uma breve descrio de algumas
melhorias que daro mais liberdade aos projetistas do sistema eltrico: The wiring may come with a
variety of tensions and frequencies, which will bring a new level of freedom to designers who are
projecting (). A variedade de tenses e freqncias que dar aos projetistas maior liberdade
citada na alternativa B.
As questes de 17 a 20 referem-se a um trecho do prefcio a seguir:
()
For about 25 years, I have the opportunity to observe the efforts of many individuals applying
digital image-processing techniques to problems offered by the real world. A few of these individuals
have established and enduring track record solid success on almost every attempt. They have
consistently contributed innovate and effective solutions that creatively employ the tools of the
discipline.
These highly productive individuals demonstrably hold several characteristics in common. One
can venture to assume that these characteristics constitute a formula for success, to whatever extent
such a thing can exist in this field.
Uniformly, these success persons have (1) a genuine interest in even fascination with the
technology involved, (2) a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of this highly multidisciplinary
technology, (3) a conceptual type of understanding (as opposed to rote memorization of totally abstract
theory), and (4) a knack for seeing problems visually, graphically, and from more than one viewpoint. In
line with this cast point, they often find themselves hard pressed to explain their ideas without the aid of a
graph or drawing.
This book is designed to help the reader develp the last three of these traits nd perhaps enhance
the first as well. The selection of materials for inclusion (and, equally important, for omission), the example
used, the references cited, and the exercises and suggestions for projects are all directed toward this
goal.
In the field of digital image processing, mathematical analysis forms the stable basics upon which
one can make definite predictions regarding the performance of a digital imaging system. In this
treatment, however, mathematics is employed more as a faithful servant than as ruthless master. The
emphasis is on developing a conceptual understanding, and the analysis used to support this goal.
Castleman, K. R. Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall, 1996
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But not everyone is unhappu with the decision. Richard Conn Henry pleased with the outcome. As far as
Im concerned, the right decision was made, he told New Scientist. I know a planet when I see it and
there are eight of them.
He says it makes no sense to call Pluto a planeet because it is just one of huge numbers of objetcs in the
Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune.
(Adaptado de New Scientist Space, Augusto 2006)
1.1) Leia o texto New planet definition sparks furoree responda, EM PORTUGUS, as perguntas que se
seguem.
Considering the content of the text, why is the title New planet definition sparks furore appropriate?
RESOLUO: O ttulo do texto se mostra muito apropriado devido ao debate gerado em torno da nova
definio de Pluto como um planeta ano. Tal resoluo foi tomada em uma reunio de duas
semanas, e votaram para a deciso apenas astrnomos presentes a ela, e no todos os membros da
IAU (International Astronomical Union). De acordo com o texto, isso corresponde a menos de 5 por
cento dos membros.
Alm disso, o critrio utilizado foi falho, de acordo com a nova definio um objeto deve ter limpa a sua
vizinhana orbital para ser considerado um planeta. Planetas como Terra, Jpiter, Marte e Netuno no
se enquadram nesta categoria, portanto tambm no poderiam ser chamados de planeta.
Finalmente o IAU no tem poder de obrigar a nova denominao dada por ele a Pluto, gerando uma
tendncia de que poucos astrnomos a adotariam no futuro.
1.2) Leia o texto New planet definition sparks furore e responda, EM PORTUGUS, as perguntas que se
seguem.
Alan Stern, of Southwest Research Institute, states, The definition is fundamentally flawed. Find in the
text one argument that can be used to support his opinion.
RESOLUO: De acordo com o cientista a definio falha pois h outros planetas que no se
enquadram nele. A nova regra diz que para um corpo ser considerado um planeta ele deve ter sua
vizinhana orbital limpa. No entanto Terra, Marte, Netuno e Jpter no se enquadram nesta categoria
pois possuem asterides em suas vizinhanas orbitais.
1.3) Leia o texto New planet definition sparks furore e responda, EM PORTUGUS, as perguntas que se
seguem.
The scientist Alan Stern states that according to the criterion established by the resolution, Earth shouldnt
be considered a planet. Why wouldn Earth be considered a planet?
RESOLUO: A definio do texto diz que um corpo celeste pode ser considerado um planeta quando
ele apresenta a sua vizinhana limpa, ou seja, no h corpos celestes em torno dele. Mas o cientista
afirma que h milhares de asterides prximos Terra. Dessa maneira, no poderamos dizer que a Terra
um planeta, de acordo com essa nova definio.
1.4) Leia o texto New planet definition sparks furore e responda, EM PORTUGUS, as perguntas que se
seguem.
Richard Conn Henry, of Johns Hopkins University, says he is pleased with the outcome. Find in the text one
argument that supports his position.
RESOLUO: Richard Henry afirma que no faz sentido chamar Pluto de planeta pois ele seria apenas
mais um dentre muitos outros enormes corpos celestes no cinturo de Kuiper.
2.1) Considere as informaes contidas no texto New planet definition sparks furore
What resolution was approved at the IAU meeting in Prage?
a) One that redefines what a planet is
b) One that states Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Neptune are not planets
c) One that sends a mission headed by Alan Stern to Pluto
d) One that considers Trojan asteroids in Mars, Jupiter and Neptune orbits
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A No sexto pargrafo lemos () the definition stipulates that to be a planet
an object must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit (), ou seja, trata-se de uma definio
do que seria um planeta. Isto confirmado pelo ttulo do texto, que indica a nova definio de planeta,
levando alternativa A.
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2.2) Considere as informaes contidas no texto New planet definition sparks furore e marque a
alternativa correta em cada item seguinte.
According to the Prague resolution a planet
a) has a neighborhood of clear objetcts.
b) was included in the solar system.
c) must have its orbit cleared.
d) is a half-backed criterion.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA C O texto diz, no sexto pargrafo, que um dos critrios (bastante
controverso) para classificar um corpo celeste na categoria de planeta que ele deve apresentar sua
rbita limpa.
2.3) Considere as informaes contidas no texto New planet definition sparks furore e marque a
alternativa correta em cada item seguinte.
According to the text it is correct to affirm that
a) hundreds of new planets were included in the Prague resolution list of planets.
b) an earlier proposal for adopting a planet definition was rejected.
c) the Prague proposal was abandoned after heavy criticism at the meeting.
d) school kids will not understand the new definition.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B Segundo o pargrafo 8, temos: () (an earlier proposal, which was
abandoned after heavy criticism at the meeting, would have potentially allowed hundreds of new
planets into the fold.) (). Temos que este trecho fala de uma proposta anterior, que faria com que o
nmero total de planetas fosse elevado casa da centena. Esta proposta foi rejeitada.
2.4) Considere as informaes contidas no texto New planet definition sparks furore e marque a
alternativa correta em cada item seguinte.
What can be inferred by the statement Yourre going to see a real blackash in the coming weeks. I
know there is a petition among planetary scientists thats getting a lot of support.
a) Only 5% of the nearly 2000 IAU members will vote in the next meeting.
b) Most of the members of IAU dont have access to emails.
c) The petition among scientists will be sent by email.
d) The resolution will probably be contested by the majority of members because they were not allowed
to vote by email.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D Questes de interferncia sempre so perigosas, pois o candidato
precisar de conhecimento de mundo ou algum vocabulrio para resolv-la. Nesta questo era
necessrio compreender o significado da palavra backlash. O aluno acostumado com o mtodo de
decomposio de palavras perceberia que back quer dizer trs, volta. O texto diz que repercusses
seriam vistas nas prximas semanas. O texto fala que a resoluo causou descontentamento por parte
da comunidade astronmica devido ao fato que apenas os presentes puderam votar na resoluo da
reunio de Praga e implica que provavelmente esta ser contestada por este motivo.
TEXTO PARA A QUESTO 3
Leia o texto Relaxation e COMPLETE CADA LACUNA NUMERADA DAS FRASES A SEGUIR COM APENAS
UMA PALAVRA reetirada desta passagem, mantendo a mesma idia do texto original.
Relaxation
True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome
drink. Nor it as about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and overtiredness may be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in terms of quality and
effect. Regardless of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive
awareness, in which our bodies are at rest while our minds are awake.
Moreover, it is natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. Being relaxed in action
means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness
by the end of the day, rather than one of exhaustion.
Unfortunately, as a result of living in todays world, we are under constant strain and have difficulty in
coping, let alone nurturing our bodys abilities. What needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation.
With this in mind we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes, however
deep-seated.
3.1) The text relates two ways of relieving from tension and over-tiredness, reinforcing the power of __3.1__
relaxation over the false one, which is considered only momentary.
RESOLUO: TRUE devido relao dicotmica da frase entre true e false.
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3.2) The difference between these two ways of relaxing lies upon its __3.2__ and __3.3__.
RESOLUO: QUALITY O primeiro pargrafo do texto cita que podemos distinguir entre as maneiras de
relaxar em termos de suas qualidades e efeitos.
3.3) The difference between these two ways of relaxing lies upon its __3.2__ and __3.3__.
RESOLUO: EFFECT O primeiro pargrafo do texto cita que podemos distinguir entre as maneiras de
relaxar em termos de suas qualidades e efeitos.
3.4) In order to feel really relaxed, people should keep their __3.4__ alert at the same time their __3.5__
are at rest.
RESOLUO: MINDS As questes 3.4 e 3.5 se encontram no final do primeiro pargrafo do texto em que
lemos () in which our bodies are at rest while our minds are awake () em que nossos corpor esto
em repouso enquanto as nossas mentes esto ativas.
3.5) In order to feel really relaxed, people should keep their __3.4__ alert at the same time their __3.5__
are at rest.
RESOLUO: BODIES As questes 3.4 e 3.5 se encontram no final do primeiro pargrafo do texto em
que lemos () in which our bodies are at rest while our minds are awake () em que nossos corpor
esto em repouso enquanto as nossas mentes esto ativas.
3.6) Someone who is healthy is supposed to feel relaxed either moving or __3.6__.
RESOLUO: RESTING Resposta no incio do segundo pargrafo () to be relaxed either moving or
resting ()
3.7) It is possible to feet relaxed even when you are moving or doing any other activity, it is just a matter
of devoting the right amount of __3.7__ to the things you do, not less or more.
RESOLUO: ENERGY Resposta no incio do segundo pargrafo () Being relaxed in action means we
bring the appropriate energy to everything we do () Estar relaxado em ao significa que ns
usamos a quantidade de energia apropriada para tudo o que fazemos.
3.8) If by the time you go to sleep you have a feeling of __3.8__ you are not taking the right relaxation, for
by the time your day finishes you should have a feeling of healthy __3.9__.
RESOLUO: EXHAUSTION Respostas das questes 3.8 e 3.9 se encontram nas duas ltimas linhas do
segundo pargrafo.
so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, rather than one of exhaustion. para
ter uma sensao de cansao saudvel ao fim do dia, ao invs de um sentimento de exausto.
3.9) If by the time you go to sleep you have a feeling of __3.8__ you are not taking the right relaxation, for
by the time your day finishes you should have a feeling of healthy __3.9__.
RESOLUO: TIREDNESS Respostas das questes 3.8 e 3.9 se encontram nas duas ltimas linhas do
segundo pargrafo.
so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, rather than one of exhaustion. para
ter uma sensao de cansao saudvel ao fim do dia, ao invs de um sentimento de exausto.
3.10) The text suggests that practicing __3.10__ relaxation is a way of living in nowadays stressing world
paying close ttention to our bodies abilities and needs.
RESOLUO: CONSCIOUS Terceira linha do terceiro pargrafo. What needs to be rediscovered is
conscious relaxation. O que precisa ser redescoberto o relaxamento consciente.
4.1) Marque com um (X) a nica alternativa correta para cada uma das perguntas abaixo.
My discovery of Tillie Olsen was a figt from a friend; years ago she gave me her copy of Tell Me a Riddle
because she liked the stories and wanted to share the experience.
What do we know of Tillie Olsen?
a) She is a friend.
b) Shie likes stories.
c) She gives gifts.
d) She is an author.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA D O texto diz que a descoberta de Tillie Olsen foi um presente de uma
amiga, que deu a sua cpia do livro Tell Me a Riddle para dividir a experincia. Assim, Tille Olsen a
autora do livro.
4.2) Marque com um (X) a nica alternativa correta para cada uma das perguntas abaixo.
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The medical journal reported that heart attack victims who recover are approximately five times as likely
to die within the next five years as those people without a history of heart disease.
What did this article say about people who have had a heart attack?
a) They are more likely to die in the near future than others.
b) They will die in five years.
c) They are less likely to die than people without a history of heart disease.
d) They are likely to recover.
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA A A expresso five times as likely comparativa e pode ser traduzida no
texto por cinco vezes mais propensas. Assim, temos que as pessoas que sofreram um ataque do
corao esto mais propensas (cinco vezes mais que uma pessoa que no teve ataque) a morrer
dentro do perodo de cinco anos seguintes.
4.3) Marque com um (X) a nica alternativa correta para cada uma das perguntas abaixo.
Thanks to the ubiquitous use of vanilla as a _______ in ice creams and cakes the world over, its taste is
more ___________ to the majority of people than the appearance of the plant.
Que alternativa contm as palavras que completam correta e respectivamente as lacunas da frase?
a) flavor, recognize
b) flavoring, recognizable
c) flavored, recognized
d) flavoring, recognizing
RESOLUO: ALTERNATIVA B Por ser precedido de artigo, percebe-se que a primeira lacuna um
substantivo (substncia que d o sabor, no caso, de baunilha). O sufixo ing formador de substantivos
e portanto chegamos a flavoring. Entretanto o substantivo recognizing no existe, e sim recognizable
(reconhecvel, familiar).
TEXTO PARA A QUESTO 5
Leia o perodo seguinte. Em cada uma das linhas pode haver uma palavra excedente que torna errada
a estrutura da elocuo. Caso a linha esteja correta, escreva no espao indicado a palavra
CORRETO; caso haja alguma palavra extra, escreva-a no espao indicado.
Training is not a cost. Its an investment. It really doesnt matter what much we pay
for an investment. What is really relevant is what we get in return.
5.1) Linha 1 ______________
RESOLUO: MUCH A palavra no faz parte do contexto, tornando-a dispensvel e irrelevante. Uma
outra forma que a tornaria correta seria dizer how much (we pay), ou seja, no importa o quanto
pagamos. Porm o enunciado fala sobre palavra excedente, portanto elimina-se much, fazendo com
que a frase tenha o sentido de que no importa o que pagamos em um investimento.
5.2) Linha 2 ______________
RESOLUO: CORRETO No h nada que desabone a elocuo da segunda linha.
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