Prof.

Alexandre Barbosa da Silva

 Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz ativa
(active voice):
John wrote the letter. ( João escreveu a carta.)
C
S V

 Para convertê-la na voz passiva (passive voice), siga as quatro etapas

seguintes:
(a) o objeto direto the letter na voz ativa passa a ser o sujeito na voz passiva;
(b) o verbo auxiliar be (no mesmo tempo em que se encontra o verbo wrote ) é
adicionado na voz passiva;
(c) o verbo wrote na voz ativa vai para o particípio passado na voz passiva;
(d) o sujeito John na voz ativa vai para a voz passiva como agente da voz
passiva precedido pela preposição by .

The letter was written by John. (A carta foi escrita por João.)
 Mais exemplos:

They sell flowers. Eles vendem flores.

Flowers are sold (by them) (1).
Peter made an offer.
An offer was made by Peter.
Flores são Vendidas.
ou
Vendem-se (2) flores.
Pedro fez uma oferta.
Uma oferta foi feita por Pedro.

The shop will deliver the parcel. A loja entregará o embrulho.

The parcel will be delivered by the shop. O embrulho será entregue pela loja.

(1)
como se desconhece o agente da ação they, a expressão by them é
aqui irrelevante e poderia ser removida.
(2)
em português, o verbo reflexivo é por vezes empregue em vez da voz
passiva.
Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz passiva
(passive voice):
The letter was written by John. (A carta foi escrita por João.)
Para convertê-la para a voz ativa (active voice), siga as três etapas
seguintes:
(a) O agente John da ação written na voz passiva passa a ser o sujeito na
voz ativa;
(b) O verbo principal written (no particípio passado na voz passiva) vai para o
mesmo tempo em que o verbo auxiliar be se encontra;
(c) O sujeito the letter na voz passiva passa a ser o objeto direto na voz ativa.

John wrote the letter. (João escreveu a carta.)

 Mais exemplos:

Books are sold. Vendem-se livros.

They (1) sell books. Eles vendem livros.

She was arrested yesterday by the police. Ela foi presa ontem pela polícia.
The police arrested her yesterday. A polícia prendeu-a ontem.

The car has been stolen. O carro foi roubado.

Somebody (2) has stolen the car. Alguém roubou o carro.
The problem is going to be solved by Jane. O problema vai ser resolvido por Joana.
Jane is going to solve the problem. Joana vai resolver o problema.

Entende-se que:
(1) o pessoal da livraria
(2) o ladrão
 A voz passiva (passive voice) forma-se da seguinte maneira:
Verb To be + Verb (Past Participle)
Onde BE = verbo auxiliar (ser/estar)
e PAST PARTICIPLE = verbo principal no particípio passado (pp)
Exemplos:

Present Simple am/is/are + (pp) Books are sold here.

Present Continuous am/is/are being + (pp) The car is being repaired.
Present Perfect Tense has/have been + (pp) The car has been stolen.
Past Simple was/were + (pp) She was arrested yesterday.
Past Continuous was/were being + (pp) The car was being repaired.
Past Perfect Tense had been + (pp) The car had been stolen
… Continuação

Future Simple will be + (pp) The parcel will be delivered.

Future Perfect Tense will have been + (pp) All the documents will have been
signed by Friday.
Future going to am/is/are going to be + (pp) The problem is going to be solved.

Modals (present) can/may/etc. be + (pp) The exercise can be done.

Modals (past) could/might/etc. have been + (pp) He could have been killed.

Infinitive to be + (pp) The job needs to be done.

Os tempos verbais seguintes são raramente empregues na voz passiva devido à
falta de boa sonância:
Present Perfect Continuous has/have been being + (pp)
Past Perfect Continuous had been being + (pp)
Future Continuous will be being + (pp)
Future Perfect Continuous will have been being + (pp)
Consideremos as duas frases seguintes com dois objetos: direto e indireto
na voz ativa (active voice).

John gave me a book. (João deu-me um livro.)

Onde:
John = sujeito
gave = passado do verbo give
me = complemento (objeto indireto)
a book = complemento (objeto direto)
John gave a book to me. (João deu um livro a mim.)
John = sujeito
gave = passado do verbo give
a book = complemento (objeto direto)
to = preposição
me = complemento (objeto indireto)
 Para converter qualquer uma das frases anteriores em voz passiva
(passive voice), há duas formas de se fazer:
(a) Objeto indireto me como sujeito (I) :
I was given a book (by John).
(b) Objeto direto a book como sujeito:
A book was given to me (by John).

OBS.: A forma (a) é normalmente a mais comum entre as duas.

 Tense Subject Verb Object
Active: Rita writes a letter.
Simple Present
Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Active: Rita wrote a letter.

Simple Past
Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Active: Rita will write a letter.

Simple Future
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Active: Rita is writing a letter.

Present Continuous
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Active: Rita was writing a letter.

Past Continuous
Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.

Active: Rita can write a letter.

Modal I
Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
 Tense Subject Verb Object
Active: Rita has written a letter.
Present Perfect
Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Active: Rita had written a letter.

Past Perfect
Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.

Active: Rita will have written a letter.

Future Perfect
Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.

Active: Rita would write a letter.

Conditional
Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.

Active: Rita would have written a letter.

Conditional Perfect
Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.

Active: Rita must write a letter.

Modal II
Passive: A letter must be written by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Voice Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2
Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.
Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.
Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
 Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. John collects money.  Money is collected by John.

2. Anna opened the window.  The window was opened by Anna.
3. We have done our homework.  Our homework has been done by us.
4. I will ask a question.  A question will be asked by me.
5. He can cut out the picture.  The picture can be cut out by him.
6. The sheep ate grass.  Grass was eaten by the sheep.
7. We do not clean our rooms.  Our rooms are not cleaned by us.
8. William will not repair the car.  The car will not be repaired by William.
9. Did Sue draw this circle?  Was this circle drawn by Sue?
10. Could you feed the dog?  Could the dog be fed by you?