Propostas de Resolução Do Manual e Do Caderno de Exercícios e Testes

Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU 2
Tema I – Introdução à lógica bivalente e à teoria de conjuntos

Unidade 1 – Proposições
Páginas 13 a 29
1.
a) “32” pXPDGHVLJQDomR
b) “32 = 6” pXPDSURSRVLomR
c) “2 é R~QLFRQ~PHURSULPRSDU´ pXPDSURSRVLomR
d) ³$UHWDr TXHSDVVDSHORSRQWRA HpSHUSHQGLFXODUjUHWDs´pXPDGHVLJQDomR
e) “ξ2 > ߨ” pXPDSURSRVLomR
2.
b) “32 = 6” pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
c) “2 é R~QLFRQ~PHURSULPRSDU´pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
e) “ξ2 > ߨ” pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
3. 3RUH[HPSOR
a) p³3DULVpDFDSLWDOGH(VSDQKD´
~p“3DULVQmRpDFDSLWDOGH(VSDQKD´
b) p “6DUDPDJRHVFUHYHXRMemorial do Convento´
~p“1mRpYHUGDGHTXH6DUDPDJRWHQKDHVFULWRRMemorial do Convento´
c) p“7RGDVDVFULDQoDVJRVWDPGHEULQFDUFRPOHJRV”
~p“1HPWRGDVDVFULDQoDVJRVWDPGHEULQFDUFRPOHJRV´
4.
a) p³pXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
~p “QmRpXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO” – pURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) p³ u 3 = 9” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
~p³ u 3 z 9” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
c) p³ 2 ࡽ ” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
~p³ 2 ࡽ ” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
d) p“QmRpXPGLYLVRUFRPXPGHHGH´ – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
~p“pXPGLYLVRUFRPXPGHHGH´ – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
e) p“1HPWRGRVRVQ~PHURVP~OWLSORVGHWHUPLQDPHP´ – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
~p“7RGRVRVQ~PHURVP~OWLSORVGHWHUPLQDPHP´ – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
5. p“$VURVDVVmRYHUPHOKDV”
q“$VPDUJDULGDVVmREUDQFDV”
a) ‫“ ݍ ר ݌‬$VURVDVVmRYHUPHOKDVHDVPDUJDULGDVVmREUDQFDV”
b) (~‫“ ݍ ר )݌‬$VURVDVQmRVmRYHUPHOKDVHDVPDUJDULGDVVmREUDQFDV”
6.
a) “$VURVDVVmRYHUPHOKDVHDVPDUJDULGDVQmRVmREUDQFDV”p ‫~( ר‬q)
b) “1HPDVURVDVVmRYHUPHOKDV QHPDVPDUJDULGDVVmREUDQFDV”(~p) ‫~( ר‬q)
7. p“pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDO”
ଵ
q “ pXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR”
ଷ
ଵ
a) ‫“ݍ ש ݌‬pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDORX pXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR”
ଷ
ଵ
b) (~‫“ ݍ ש )݌‬QmRpXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDORX pXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR”
ଷ
ଵ
c) (~‫“)ݍ~( ש )݌‬QmRpXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDORX QmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR”
ଷ
8. p“pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDO´ – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
ଵ
q“ pXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR´ – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
ଷ
$VVLP
~p pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVa9֞ )
~q pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVa)֞ 9
‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLV(9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
~‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLV(F ‫ ש‬F) ֞ F
~‫ ݍ~ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLV(F ‫ ש‬9) ֞ 9
9. $FRQMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HV‫ݍ ר ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDDSHQDVQRFDVRGHDPEDVDVSURSRVLo}HV
VHUHP YHUGDGHLUDV DVVLP WHP-VH TXH p p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD H q p XPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD
/RJR
a) p pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) ~q pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVpDQHJDomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDa9֞ )
c) ‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVpDGLVMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVYHUGDGHLUDV
((9‫ ש‬9) ֞ 9
d) ~(‫ )ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVpDQHJDomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
a9‫ ש‬9֞ (a9) ֞ )
e) ‫ ݍ~ ר ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVpDFRQMXQomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDFRPXPD
SURSRVLomR IDOVD(9‫ ר‬F) ֞ )
f) ‫ ר ݌‬F p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV p D FRQMXQomR GH XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD FRP uma
SURSRVLomRIDOVD(9‫ ר‬F) ֞ )
g) ‫ ש ݌‬F pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVpDGLVMXQomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDFRPXPD
pURSRVLomRIDOVD(9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
10.
a) ³pXPQ~PHURSULPR´pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
³pXPQ~PHURtPSDU´pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
$VVLPDFRQMXQomRGDVGXDV³pXPQ~PHURSULPRHtPSDU´pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) “2 é XPGLYLVRUGH´H³pXPGLYLVRUGH´VmRDPEDVSURSRVLo}HVYHUGDGHLUDV DVVLP a
FRQMXQomRGDVGXDV³WDQWRFRPRVmRGLYLVRUHVGH´pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
c) ³pP~OWLSORGH´H³pP~OWLSORGH´VmRDPEDVSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDVDVVLPDGLVMXQomRGDV
GXDV³pP~OWLSORGHRXGH´pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
d) "ߨ > 3,14" pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDH³ 1 < ´pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDDVVLPDGLVMXQomR
GDVGXDV³ߨ > 3,14 ‫ ש‬െ1 < െ2” é uma SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
11.
a) ~ ‫ݍ ש ݌‬
‫ݍ ݌‬ ~‫݌‬ ‫ࢗש࢖ ׽‬
9 9 F V
9 F F F
F 9 9 V
F F 9 V
b) ~ (‫)ݍ ש ݌‬
‫݌‬ ‫ݍ‬ ‫ݍש݌‬ ‫)ࢗ ש ࢖( ׽‬
9 9 9 F
9 F 9 F
F 9 9 F
F F F V
c) ‫ݍ~ ר ݌‬
‫݌‬ ‫ݍ‬ ~‫ݍ‬ ࢖‫ࢗ ׽ר‬
9 9 F F
9 F 9 V
F 9 F F
F F 9 F
12. ‫)ݍ ש ݌ ~( ש ݌‬
‫݌~ ݍ ݌‬ ‫ݍש݌ ׽‬ ࢖ ‫)ࢗ ש ࢖ ~( ש‬
9 9 F 9 V
9 F F F V
F 9 9 9 V
F F 9 9 V
‫ )ݍ ש ݌ ~( ש ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLDSRLVYHULILFD-VHTXHpYHUGDGHLUDTXDLVTXHUTXHVHMDPRVYDORUHV
OyJLFRVGDVSURSRVLo}HVp Hq
13. (‫))ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ר ݌(( ֞ ))ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬TXDLVTXHU TXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVpq Hr

P q r q‫ש‬r p ‫( ר‬q ‫ ש‬r) p‫ר‬q p‫ר‬r (p ‫ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬p ‫ ר‬r)
9 9 9 9 V 9 9 V
9 9 F 9 V 9 F V
9 F 9 9 V F 9 V
9 F F F F F F F
F 9 9 9 F F F F
F 9 F 9 F F F F
F F 9 9 F F F F
F F F F F F F F
2EVHUYD-VHTXHDVFROXQDV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVSURSRVLo}HV ‫ )ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬H(‫ )ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬VmR
LJXDLV/RJR(‫))ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ר ݌(( ֞ ))ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
14.
a) ‫)ݍ ר ݌ ~( ר ݌‬
֞ (‫ݍ ר )݌~ ר ݌‬
֞F‫֞ݍר‬F
b) ‫)ݍ ש ݌ ~( ש ݌‬
֞ (‫ݍ ש )݌~ ש ݌‬
֞ 9‫ ש‬q
֞9
c) ‫)ݍ ש ݌ ~( ר ݌‬
֞ (‫)ݍ ר ݌( ש )݌~ ר ݌‬
֞ F ‫)ݍ ר ݌( ש‬
֞ ‫ݍר݌‬
15. ~(p ‫ ש‬q) ֞ (~p ‫~ ר‬q)TXDLVTXHUTXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVp Hq.
p q p‫ש‬q ~(p ‫ ש‬q) ~p ~q ~p ‫~ ר‬q

9 9 9 F F F F
9 F 9 F F 9 F
F 9 9 F 9 F F
F F F V 9 9 V
2EVHUYD-VHTXHDVFROXQDVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVSURSRVLo}HV ~ ( p q ) H ( p ~ q ) VmRLJXDLV
/RJR ~ ( p q ) ( p ~ q ) FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
16.
a) ~(‫)ݍ ר ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ׽ ש ݌‬
b) ~(‫)ݍ~ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ ר ݌ ׽‬
c) ~൫‫) ݎ ׽ ר ݍ ( ש ݌‬൯ ֞ (~‫))ݎ ש ݍ~( ר ݌~( ֞ ))ݎ~ ר ݍ(~ ר ݌‬
17. p“$$QDpHVFULWRUD” q“$$QDpIDPRVD´

a) ~(‫)ݍ~ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ר ݌‬
“$$QDQmRpHVFULWRUDRXQmRpIDPRVD”
b) ~(‫)ݍ~ ר ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ש ݌‬
“$$QDQmRpHVFULWRUDQHPpIDPRVD”
c) ~(~‫)ݍ~ ר ݌( ֞ )ݍ ש ݌‬
“$$QDpHVFULWRUDHQmRpIDPRVD”
d) ~(~‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ~ ר ݌‬
“$$QDpHVFULWRUDRXpIDPRVD”
18. ‫“݌‬2-RmRJRVWDGH0DWHPiWLFD”
‫“ݍ‬2-RmRID]PXLWRVH[HUFtFLRV”
‫“ݎ‬2-RmRQmRWHPERQVUHVXOWDGRV”
a) i. “6HR-RmRID]PXLWRVH[HUFtFLRVHQWmRJRVWDGH0DWHPiWLFD´‫݌ ֜ ݍ‬
ii. “6HR-RmRWHPERQVUHVXOWDGRVHQWmRID]PXLWRVH[HUFtFLRV”~‫ݍ ֜ ݎ‬
iii. “6HR-RmRJRVWDGH0DWHPiWLFDHID]PXLWRVH[HUFtFLRVHQWmRWHPERQVUHVXOWDGRV´
(‫ݎ~ ֜ )ݍ ר ݌‬
b) i. (~‫ݍ~ ֜ )ݎ ש ݌‬
“6HR-RmRQmRJRVWDGH 0DWHPiWLFDRXQmRWHPERQVUHVXOWDGRVHQWmRR-RmRQmRID]PXLWRV
H[HUFtFLRV”
ii. ‫)ݎ~ ר ݍ( ֜ ݌‬
“6HR-RmRJRVWDGH0DWHPiWLFDHQWmRID]PXLWRVH[HUFtFLRVHWHPERQVUHVXOWDGRV”
19. $LPSOLFDomR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬HQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpIDOVDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHRDQWHFHGHQWH‫ )݌‬é

YHUGDGHLURHRFRQVHTXHQWH‫ݍ‬pIDOVR $VVLP
a) ‫ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) ‫ ݍ ׽‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVpDQHJDomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
c) ‫ ݍ ש ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD SRLV p D GLVMXQomR GH XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ‫ ݌‬FRP
uPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD‫)ݍ‬
d) ~‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVpDGLVMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDV~‫ ݌‬H‫)ݍ‬
e) ‫ ݍ~ ר ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD SRLV p D FRQMXQomR GH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV YHUGDGHLUDV
(‫ ݌‬e ~‫ݍ‬
f) ‫ ݌ ֜ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVpDLPSOLFDomRHQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVFXMRDQWHFHGHQWH
(‫ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDHRFRQVHTXHQWH‫݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
g) ~‫ ݌~ ֜ ݍ‬é XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVDSRLV p D LPSOLFDomR HQWUH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV FXMR DQWHFHGHQWH
(~‫ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHRFRQVHTXHQWH~‫݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
20. ൫(‫)ݎ ֜ ݍ( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌‬൯ ֜ (‫ )ݎ ֜ ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLD

P q r p֜q q֜r (p ֜ q) ‫( ר‬q ֜ r) p֜r ((p ֜ q) ‫( ר‬q ֜ r)) ֜ (p ֜ r)
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 V
9 9 F 9 F F F V
9 F 9 F 9 F 9 V
9 F F F 9 F F V
F 9 9 9 9 9 9 V
F 9 F 9 F F 9 V
F F 9 9 9 9 9 V
F F F 9 9 9 9 V
21. 6DEH-VHTXH‫)ݍ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬/RJR(~‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬

$VVLPDGLVMXQomR‫ ݍ ש ݌‬SRGHVHUHVFULWDXWLOL]DQGRDLPSOLFDomRHDQHJDomRFRPR~‫ݍ ֜ ݌‬
22. (‫“ݍ ֜ ݌‬VHpXPQ~PHURSDUHQWmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU”

~(‫“ݍ~ ר ݌( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURSDUHQmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU”
23.
a) ~(‫)ݍ ׽ ֜ ݌‬
֞ ( ‫))ݍ ׽(~ ר ݌‬
֞ (‫)ݍ ר ݌‬
b) ~(‫)ݍ ֜ ݌ ׽‬
֞ (‫)ݍ~ ר ݌ ׽‬
c) (‫ݎ ֜ )ݍ ר ݌‬
֞ ( ‫)ݎ~ ר ݍ ר ݌‬
d) ‫)ݎ ר ݍ( ֜ ݌‬
֞ ( ‫))ݎ ר ݍ(~ ר ݌‬
֞ ( ‫))ݎ~ ש ݍ~( ר ݌‬
24.
a) ‫)ݍ ש ݌ ( ֜ ݌‬
֞ (~‫))ݍ ש ݌( ש ݌‬
֞ ((~‫)ݍ ש )݌ ש ݌‬
֞ 9‫ݍ ש‬
֞ 9 WDXWRORJLD
b) ‫)ݍ ר ݌ ( ֜ ݌‬
֞( ~‫))ݍ ר ݌( ש ݌‬
֞ ((~‫))ݍ ש ݌~( ר )݌ ש ݌‬
֞(9‫))ݍ ש ݌~( ר‬
֞ (~‫)ݍ ש ݌‬
c) ( ‫)ݍ ש ݌ ( ֜ )ݍ ר ݌‬
֞ ( ~( ‫))ݍ ש ݌ ( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬
֞ ((~‫))ݍ ש ݌( ש )ݍ~ ש ݌‬
֞ ((~‫))ݍ ש ݍ~( ש )݌ ש ݌‬
֞ (9‫ ש‬9)
֞ 9 WDXWRORJLD
25. ‫“݌‬$$QDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݍ‬$%HUWDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݎ‬2&DUORVYDLjIHVWD”

a) i. “$$QDYDLjIHVWDVHHVyVHR&DUORVYDLjIHVWD´‫ݎ ֞ ݌‬
ii. “$%HUWD YDLjIHVWDVHH VyVHR&DUORVQmRYDLjIHVWD´‫ݎ ׽ ֞ ݍ‬
b) i. ‫“)ݍ ר ݌( ֞ ݎ‬2&DUORVYDLjIHVWDVHHVyVHD$QDHD%HUWDYmRjIHVWD”
ii. (‫“ݍ ֞ )ݎ~ ש ݌‬$$QDYDLjIHVWDRXR&DUORVQmRYDLVHHVyVHD%HUWDYDLjIHVWD”
26.
a) 3DUDDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ ֞ ݌‬VHUIDOVDRVYDORUHVOyJLFRVGDVSURSRVLo}HV‫ ݌‬H‫ ݍ‬WrPGHVHUGLIHUHQWHV
CRPRpUHIHULGRQRHQXQFLDGRTXH‫ ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDHQWmRDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ‬WHPGHVHUIDOVD
b) ‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDYLVWRWUDWDU-VHGDGLVMXQomRGHXPDSURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD‫)݌‬
FRPXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD‫ݍ‬
c) ‫ ݍ ר ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDYLVWRWUDWDU-VHGDFRQMXQomRGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD‫݌‬FRP
XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD‫ݍ‬
d) ‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬é XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD LPSOLFDomR HQWUH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV FXMR
DQWHFHGHQWHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD‫݌‬HRFRQVHTXHQWHpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD‫ݍ‬
e) ~(‫ )ݍ~ ר ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD QHJDomR GH XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD
(‫ ݍ~ ר ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVpDFRQMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVYHUGDGHLUDV‫ ݌‬H
~‫ ݍ‬
f) ~‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDYLVWRWUDWDU-VHGDLPSOLFDomRHQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDV
(~‫ ݌‬e ‫ݍ‬
g) ‫ ݍ~ ֞ ݌‬é XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD HTXLYDOrQFLD HQWUH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV
YHUGDGHLUDV‫ ݌‬e ~‫ݍ‬
27. (‫)݌ ֜ ݍ ר ݍ ֜ ݌ ( ֞ )ݍ ֞ ݌‬
֞ (~p ‫ש‬q) ‫ר‬ሺ̱q ‫ש‬p)
֞ ((‫) )݌~ ר )ݍ~ ש ݌(( ש )ݍ ר )ݍ~ ש ݌‬
֞ ((‫))݌~ ר ݍ~( ש )݌~ ר ݌(( ש ))ݍ ר ݍ~( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬
֞ ((‫ ש )ݍ ר ݌‬F) ‫( ש‬F ‫))݌~ ר ݍ~( ש‬
֞ (‫)݌~ ר ݍ~( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬
֞ (‫)ݍ~ ר ݌~( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
28. ~(p ֞q) ֞ ((p ‫~ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬q ‫~ ר‬p))
p q p฻q ~(p ฻ q) ~p ~q p ‫~ ר‬q q ‫~ ר‬p (p ‫~ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬q ‫~ ר‬p)

9 9 9 F F F F F F
9 F F V F 9 9 F V
F 9 F V 9 F F 9 V
F F 9 F 9 9 F F F
2EVHUYD-VHTXHDVFROXQDVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVSURSRVLo}HV ~(p ֞ q) H (p ‫~ר‬q) ‫ש‬ሺq ‫~ר‬p) VmR

LJXDLV/RJR ~(p ֞q) ֞ ((p ‫~ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬q ‫~ ר‬pFRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
29. (‫݌ ֜ )ݍ ֞ ݌‬
֞ ~(‫݌ ש )ݍ ֞ ݌‬
֞ ((‫݌ ש ))݌~ ר ݍ( ש )ݍ~ ר ݌‬ H[QHJDomRGDHTXLYDOrQFLD
֞ [((‫݌ ש ])݌~ ש )ݍ~ ר ݌(( ר )ݍ ש )ݍ~ ר ݌‬
֞ [((‫݌ ש ]))ݍ~ ש ݌~( ר )݌ ש ݌~(( ר ))ݍ~ ש ݍ( ר )݌ ש ݍ‬
֞ [((‫ ר )݌ ש ݍ‬V) ‫( ר‬V ‫݌ ש ]))ݍ~ ש ݌~( ר‬
֞ [(‫݌ ש ])ݍ~ ש ݌~( ר )݌ ש ݍ‬
֞ [‫])ݍ~ ש ݌~( ש ݌[ ר ])݌ ש ݍ( ש ݌‬
֞ [(‫]ݍ~ ש )݌~ ש ݌([ ר ]ݍ ש )݌ ש ݌‬
֞ (‫( ר )ݍ ש ݌‬V ‫)ݍ~ ש‬
֞ (‫ ר )ݍ ש ݌‬V
֞ ‫ݍש݌‬
30.
a) ܽ ֜ ܾ ‫ܿ ש‬
b) (ܽ ֜ ܾ) ‫ܿ ש‬
c) ܽ ฻ ܾ ֜ ~ܿ
d) ܽ ‫ܽ ֞ )ܿ~ ר ܾ( ש‬
e) (~ܽ ֜ ܾ) ‫ܿ ר‬
Unidade 2 – Condições e conjuntos
Páginas 30 a 61
31.
a) ‫ = ܣ‬4 ߨ ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
&RQVWDQWHVHߨ
9DULiYHLV ‫ ܣ‬H‫ݎ‬
b) ‫݃ ݎ ߨ = ܣ‬
&RQVWDQWHߨ
9DULiYHLV ‫ ݎܣ‬H݃
32. “െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 9´ “3‫ ݔ‬+ ‫“"ݖ = ݕ‬RVLPpWULFRGH‫ ݔ‬é ‫ ”ݕ‬H“‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 2]” VmRH[SUHVV}HVSURSRVLFLRQDLV
SRLVVmRH[SUHVV}HVFRPYDULiYHLVTXHVHWUDQVIRUPDPQXPDSURSRVLomRTXDQGRVHVXEVWLWXHP
DVYDULiYHLVSRUREMHWRV FRQYHQLHQWHV
33.
2
a) p( x “ x pXPQ~PHURSDU”
3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫ )ݔ(݌ ݔ‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD2 pXPQ~PHURSDU
x 6H ‫ )ݔ(݌ ݔ‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD2 pXPQ~PHURSDU
2
b) p( x ³ x x6 0 ”
3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫= ݔ‬ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD 2)2 2) –
x 6H ‫ )ݔ(݌ ݔ‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD2 – –
c) p( x y ³ x y > x ”
3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫ = ݔ‬H‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ(݌‬, ‫ )ݕ‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD (1 !
x 6H ‫ = ݔ‬H‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ݔ(݌‬, ‫ )ݕ‬WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD 3) < 1
2
d) p( x “ x 1 é um Q~PHURSRVLWLYR”
4XDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GH ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP Q~PHUR UHDO WUDQVIRUPD D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO QXPD
SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
e) p( x ³ x 2 x3”
4XDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GH ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP Q~PHUR UHDO WUDQVIRUPD D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO QXPD
SURSRVLomRIDOVD
34.
a) “ 3 x 10 ” pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO
b) ³2WULSORGH‫ ݔ‬pVXSHULRUD´ pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO
c) ³2WULSORGH‫ ”ݔ‬pXPDH[SUHVVmRGHVLJQDWyULD
d) “‫ ݔ‬+ ߨ” pXPDH[SUHVVmRGHVLJQDWyULD
ଵ
e) “‫ < ݔ‬െ5 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ” pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO
ସ
f) “‫{ ב ݔ‬1, 3, 5, 15}” pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO
35.
a) (P Գ 10‫ > ݔ‬1 p XPD FRQGLomR XQLYHUVDO SRLV TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GH ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP Q~PHUR
QDWXUDOWUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO10‫ > ݔ‬1 QXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
1
10‫ > ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫> ݔ‬
10
b) (PԺ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് 13 pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOSRLVTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomR GH‫ ݔ‬SRUXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR
WUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് 13 QXPD SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് 13 ֞ ‫ ് ݔ‬ξ13 ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െξ13
c) (PԹି , ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 13 pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOPDVQmRXQLYHUVDOSRLVH[LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHUR
UHDOQHJDWLYRTXHWUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 13 QXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 13 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ13 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ13
36.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 2) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
(PԳ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOSRLVTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomR GH‫ ݔ‬SRUXPQ~PHUR
QDWXUDOWUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 QXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 < 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ < െ2
(PԹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 < 0 é XPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOSRLVTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomR GH‫ ݔ‬SRUXPQ~PHUR
UHDOWUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 < 0 QXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
c) (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
(P>λ[, (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 0 pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOSRLVTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomRGH‫ ݔ‬SRU
XPQ~PHURUHDOSHUWHQFHQWHDRLQWHUYDOR>λ[ WUDQVIRUPDDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 0 QXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
37. 2‫ < ݔ‬10 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬5

a) (PԹSRUH[HPSOR“2‫ < ݔ‬10” pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOPDVQmRXQLYHUVDO
b) (P]െλ, 5[SRU H[HPSOR“2‫ < ݔ‬10” pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO
c) (P{5, 7, 10}SRUH[HPSOR“2‫ < ݔ‬10” é umDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO
38.
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 FDVRQRWiYHO
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԳHPԺ HHPԹ
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 é XPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԳ HpXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOHPԺ HHPԹ
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = െ1
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԳHPԺ HHPԹ
d) െ‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬0
െ‫ < ݔ‬0 pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԳ HpXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOHPԺ HHPԹ
39.
a) 3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫ ݔ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD(6 é
P~OWLSORGH‫ ר‬pP~OWLSORGH(9‫ ש‬9) ֞ 9
x 6H ‫ݔ‬ D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO DQWHULRU WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD p
P~OWLSORGH‫ ר‬pP~OWLSORGH(9‫ ר‬F ) ֞ F)
b) 3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H (‫ݔ‬, ‫ ( = )ݕ‬D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO DQWHULRU WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD u ( ‫ר‬ ( u (9‫ ר‬9) ֞ 9
x 6H(‫ݔ‬, ‫ )ݕ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
(2 u ‫ ר‬u (F ‫ ר‬F) ֞ F)
40.
a) 3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫ ݔ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD (2 é
P~OWLSORGH‫ ש‬pP~OWLSORGH(9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
x 6H ‫ݔ‬ D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO DQWHULRU WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD p
P~OWLSORGH‫ ש‬pP~OWLSORGH(F ‫ ש‬F) ֞ F)
b) 3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H (‫ݔ‬, ‫)ݕ‬ D H[SUHVVmR SURSRVLFLRQDO DQWHULRU WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD ‫( ש‬9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
x 6H‫ݔ‬, ‫ )ݕ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPa-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
(2 u ‫ ש‬u (F ‫ ש‬F) ֞ F)
c) 3RUH[HPSOR
x 6H‫ ݔ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
(~(2 > 2)) (~F ֞ 9
x 6H‫ ݔ‬DH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDODQWHULRUWUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
a!a9֞ F)
41.
a) “‫ ”ݔ = ݔ‬pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO
“‫ ”ݔ ് ݔ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO
“‫ א ݔ‬Ժି ” pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOPDVQmRXQLYHUVDO
“‫ א ݔ‬Է” é XPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOPDVQmRXQLYHUVDO
“‫ ”׎ א ݔ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO
“‫ ”׎ ב ݔ‬pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO
b) i. “‫ ”׎ א ݔ ר ݔ = ݔ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOSRLVpDFRQMXQomRGHXPDFRQGLomRQHVWHFDVR
XQLYHUVDO‫ݔ = ݔ‬FRPXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO (‫)׎ א ݔ‬
ii. “‫ א ݔ ש ׎ ב ݔ‬Է” pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOSRLVpDGLVMXQomRGHXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO‫ב ݔ‬
‫׎‬FRPXPDFRQGLomRQHVWHFDVRSRVVtYHO ‫ א ݔ‬Է
iii. “‫ א ݔ ר ݔ ് ݔ‬Ժି ” pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOSRLVpDFRQMXQomRGHXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO
(‫ݔ ് ݔ‬FRPXPDFRQGLomRQHVWHFDVRSRVVtYHO‫ א ݔ‬Ժି )
iv. “‫ א ݔ‬Է ‫ ”׎ א ݔ ש‬p XPD FRQGLomR SRVVtYHO PDV QmR XQLYHUVDO SRLV p D GLVMXQomR GH XPD
FRQGLomRSRVVtYHO‫ א ݔ‬ԷFRPXPDFRQGLomRQHVWHFDVRLPSRVVtYHO‫)׎ א ݔ‬
v. “‫ ”׎ ב ݔ ש ݔ ് ݔ‬é XPD FRQGLomR XQLYHUVDO SRLV p D GLVMXQomR GH XPD FRQGLomR QHVWH FDVR
LPSRVVtYHO ‫ ݔ ് ݔ‬FRPXPD FRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO (‫׎ ב ݔ‬
42.
a) “‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ‫ ש‬െ‫ < ݔ‬0” p XPD FRQGLomR SRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD GLVMXQomR GH GXDV
FRQGLo}HVSRVVtYHLVHPԹ
b) “ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ = 0” p XPD FRQGLomR LPSRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD FRQMXQomR GH XPD
FRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0FRPRXWUDFRQGLomRQHVWHFDVRSRVVtYHOHPԹ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0
c) “‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1” p XPD FRQGLomR LPSRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD
FRQMXQomR GH XPD FRQGLomR LPSRVVtYHO HP Թ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 FRP RXWUD FRQGLomR QHVWH FDVR
XQLYHUVDOHPԹ ((‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1
d) “ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ‫ ש‬െ‫ < ݔ‬0” p XPD FRQGLomR SRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD GLVMXQomR GH XPD
FRQGLomRQHVWHFDVRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0FRPXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOHPԹ (െ‫ < ݔ‬0
e) “ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ( ש‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1” p XPD FRQGLomR XQLYHUVDO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD
GLVMXQomR GH XPD FRQGLomR QHVWH FDVR LPSRVVtYHO HP Թ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 FRP XPD FRQGLomR
XQLYHUVDOHPԹ ((‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1
43.
a) 3DUD ‫ = ݔ‬2 REWpP-VH DV SURSRVLo}HV 2 H DPEDV YHUGDGHLUDV 3DUD TXDOTXHU
FRQFUHWL]DomR GDYDULiYHO‫ ݔ‬SRUXP YDORUGLIHUHQWHGHREWpP-VHSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDV $VVLPD
FRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 pXQLYHUVDOHPԳ
b) 6HVXEVWLWXLUPRV‫ ݔ‬SRU 1 UHVSHWLYDPHQWHRXDVFRQGLo}HV2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 H‫{ א ݔ‬1, 2, 3} WUDQVIRUPDP-
-VH HP SURSRVLo}HV YHUGDGHLUDV 3DUD TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GD YDULiYHO ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP YDORU
GLIHUHQWH GH RX REWpP-VH SURSRVLo}HVIDOVDV$VVLP D FRQGLomR 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 ֞ ‫{ א ݔ‬1, 2, 3} é
XQLYHUVDOHPԳ
44.
a) $ FRQGLomR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬2 QmR p XQLYHUVDO HP Թ 3RU H[HPSOR SDUD ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 D FRQGLomR
‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHQTXDQWRTXH SDUDDPHVPDFRQFUHWL]DomR
GDYDULiYHODFRQGLomR‫ = ݔ‬2 WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) $FRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2 pXQLYHUVDOHPԹ SRLV‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 e ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2 WRPDPR
PHVPRYDORUOyJLFRHPWRGDDFRQFUHWL]DomRGDVYDULiYHLV
c) $ FRQGLomR2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 ֞ ‫{ א ݔ‬1, 2, 3} QmR p XQLYHUVDO HP Թ 3RU H[HPSOR SDUD ‫ = ݔ‬0 D FRQGLomR
2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHQTXDQWRTXHSDUDDPHVPDFRQFUHWL]DomR
GDYDULiYHODFRQGLomR‫{ א ݔ‬1, 2, 3} WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
d) $FRQGLomR2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 3]pXQLYHUVDOHPԹ SRLV2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 e ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 3] WRPDPRPHVPR
YDORUOyJLFRHPWRGDDFRQFUHWL]DomRGDVYDULiYHLV
45.
a) $ FRQGLomR ‫ < ݔ‬2 ฺ ‫ < ݔ‬4 p XQLYHUVDO HP Թ SRLV TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GD YDULiYHO ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP
Q~PHURUHDOTXHYHULILTXHDFRQGLomR‫ < ݔ‬2YHULILFDLJXDOPHQWHDFRQGLomR‫ < ݔ‬4.
b) $FRQGLomR ‫ < ݔ‬4 ฺ ‫ < ݔ‬2 QmRpXQLYHUVDOHPԹSRLVQHPWRGDDFRQFUHWL]DomR GDYDULiYHO‫ ݔ‬SRU
XPQ~PHURUHDOTXHYHULILTXHDFRQGLomR ‫ < ݔ‬4 YHULILFDDFRQGLomR‫ < ݔ‬2. 3RUH[HPSORVH‫ = ݔ‬3,
‫ < ݔ‬4 WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD PDV ‫ < ݔ‬2 WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR
IDOVD
c) $FRQGLomR‫ = ݔ‬1 ฺ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 pXQLYHUVDOHPԹSRLVTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomR GDYDULiYHO‫ ݔ‬SRUXP
Q~PHURUHDOTXHYHULILTXHDFRQGLomR‫ = ݔ‬1YHULILFDLJXDOPHQWHDFRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1.
d) $FRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 ฺ ‫ = ݔ‬1 QmRpXQLYHUVDOHPԹSRLVQHPWRGDD FRQFUHWL]DomR GDYDULiYHO‫ݔ‬
SRUXPQ~PHURUHDOTXHYHULILTXHDFRQGLomR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 YHULILFDDFRQGLomR‫ = ݔ‬1.
3RU H[HPSOR VH ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 WUDQVIRUPD-VH QXPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD PDV ‫ = ݔ‬1
WUDQVIRUPD-VHQXPD SURSRVLomRIDOVD /RJRQmRpXQLYHUVDOHPԹ
46.
a) ‫ = ݔ‬3 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9 ֚ ‫ = ݔ‬3
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
d) ‫ > ݔ‬3 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 9
e) ‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 27
47.
a) “ x 2 1 x 1 ” p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLVെ1‫ א‬Թ H െ1)2 = 1 ֞ െ p XPD SURSRVLomR

IDOVD
b) “ x 4 16 x 2 ” é XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVെ2 ‫ א‬Թ e (െ2)ସ = 16 ֞ െ2 = 2 pXPDSURSRVLomR
IDOVD
c) “ x 2 ! 9 x ! 3 ” p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV െ4 ‫ א‬Թ e (െ4)ଶ > 9 ֞ െ4 > 3 p XPD SURSRVLomR
IDOVD
d) “ x 1 2 x 1 2 ” é XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV 1 Թ 1 1 2 1 1 2 é uma
SURSRVLomRIDOVD
48.
a) 6HUSHL[HpFRQGLomRVXILFLHQWHSDUDWHUJXHOUDV
“ x pSHL[H x WHPJXHOUDV”
b) 6HUUHWkQJXORpFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDSDUDVHUTXDGUDGR
“ x pTXDGUDGR x pUHWkQJXOR”
c) eFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDSDUDTXHGRLVODGRVGHXPWULkQJXORVHMDPLJXDLVTXHRVkQJXORVRSRVWRV
VHMDPLJXDLV
“'RLVODGRVGHXPWULkQJXORVmRLJXDLV) RVkQJXORVRSRVWRVVmRLJXDLV´
49.
a) ‫ > ݔ‬3 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 9 “‫ > ݔ‬3 ” pFRQGLomRVXILFLHQWHSDUD“ x 2 ! 9 ´
b) ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1) = 0 ֚ ‫ = ݔ‬1 “‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)” pFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDSDUD“‫ = ݔ‬1”
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ֞ ‫ = ݔ ש ݕ = ݔ‬െ‫ݕ‬ “‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ” pFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDHVXILFLHQWHSDUD“ ‫ = ݔ ש ݕ = ݔ‬െ‫”ݕ‬
50.
a) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 2
“4XDOTXHUTXHVHMDRQ~PHURQDWXUDO‫ݔ‬WHP-VH‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 2.” – pURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 2
“3DUDWRGRRQ~PHURUHDO‫ݔ‬WHP-VH‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 2.” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
c) x Թ x t 0
³2YDORUDEVROXWRGHXPQ~PHUR ‫ ݔ‬pVXSHULRURXLJXDOD]HURTXDOTXHUTXHVHMDRQ~PHUR
UHDO‫ – ”ݔ‬SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
51.
a) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, 2‫ ݔ‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
‫ݔ׊‬, ‫ א ݔ‬Գ ֜ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
b) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, |‫ |ݔ‬൒ ‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ׊‬, ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ֜ |‫ |ݔ‬൒ ‫ݔ‬
52. 3DUDSURYDUTXHpIDOVDDSURSRVLomR “TXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVHMDP~OWLSORGHpP~OWLSOR
GH”EDVWDHQFRQWUDUXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVHMDP~OWLSORGH HTXHQmRVHMDP~OWLSORGH
p XP Q~PHUR QDWXUDO P~OWLSOR GH SRLV 4 = 2 × 2 H QmR p P~OWLSOR GH SRLV QmR H[LVWH
QHQKXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOk WDOTXH4 = 10 × ݇$VVLPSURYDPRVTXHDSURSRVLomRpIDOVD
53. 6XSRQKDPRV TXH ‫ > ݔ‬8&RPR!WHP-VHWDPEpP‫ > ݔ‬0.

/RJR ‫ > ݔ × ݔ‬8 × ‫ ݔ‬H ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ > ݔ‬8‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬RX VHMD ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ > ݔ‬9‫ ݔ‬8PD YH] TXH D SDUWLU GD KLSyWHVH
‫ > ݔ‬8 FKHJDPRVjFRQFOXVmRTXH‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ > ݔ‬9‫ݔ‬ILFDSURYDGRTXHVH‫ > ݔ‬8, HQWmR‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ > ݔ‬9‫ݔ‬.
54.
a) ³2 TXDGUDGR GH TXDOTXHU Q~PHUR QDWXUDO p XP Q~PHUR SDU´ p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV SRU
H[HPSORpXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOHRVHXTXDGUDGRQmRpXPQ~PHURSDU
b) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ > ݔ‬0 ‫ < ݔ ש‬0 pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD SRLVSRUH[HPSOR0 ‫ א‬Թ HQmRpYHUGDGHTXH
0 > 0 ‫ ש‬0 < 0
c) ³7RGRV RV GLYLVRUHV GH VmR GLYLVRUHV GH ´ p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR p
GLYLVRUGHHQmRpGLYLVRUGH
55.
a) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 = 0
“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO‫ ݔ‬WDOTXH x 2 9 0 ” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 = 0
“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUHDO‫ ݔ‬WDOTXH x 2 9 0 ” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
56. 3DUD SURYDU D LPSOLFDomR “VH ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ ‫ݔ‬, HQWmR ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 RX ‫ ݔ‬൒ 1´ YDPRV SURYDU D LPSOLFDomR
FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD“VH‫ ݔ‬HQWmR‫ ݔ‬ଶ < ‫"ݔ‬.
6XSRQKDPRVTXH‫& ݔ‬RPR‫ > ݔ‬0HQWmR‫ < ݔ × ݔ‬1 × ‫ݔ‬RXVHMD‫ ݔ‬ଶ < ‫ݔ‬
)LFRXSURYDGRTXHVH‫ < ݔ‬HQWmR‫ ݔ‬ଶ < ‫ݔ‬/RJR ILFRXSURYDGRTXHVH‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ ‫ݔ‬, HQWmR‫ ݔ‬൑ 0
RX‫ ݔ‬൒ 1.
57.
a) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ = ݔ‬+ 1
‫ݔ׌‬: ‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ٿ‬2‫ ݔ = ݔ‬+ 1
b) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ହ = 12
‫ݔ׌‬: ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ٿ‬ହ = 12
58.
a) “([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURLQWHLURLQIHULRUD”
‫ א ݔ׌‬Ժ: ‫ < ݔ‬10
b) “7RGRRQ~PHURQDWXUDOpSRVLWLYR”
‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ > ݔ‬0
c) “([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUHDOWDOTXHRGREURpLJXDOjVXDPHWDGH”
‫ݔ‬
‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: 2‫= ݔ‬
2
59. x {1, 2,3},3 x ptPSDU
“3 ptPSDU‫ ר‬6 ptPSDU‫ ר‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
60. x {1, 2,3}: 3 x é tPSDU
“3 ptPSDU‫ ש‬6 ptPSDU‫ ש‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
61.
a) ~(‫{ א ݔ׊‬1, 2, 3}, 3‫ ݔ‬é ímpar) ֞ ‫{ א ݔ׌‬1, 2, 3}, 3‫ ݔ‬não é ímpar) – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
௫ ௫
b) ~ ቀ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = ቁ ֞ ቀ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ് ቁ – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
ଶ ଶ
c) ~( ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0) ֞ (‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൑ 0) – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
62.
a) p“7RGRVRVDPHULFDQRVJRVWDPGHFRPLGDGHSOiVWLFR”
~p“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPDPHULFDQRTXHQmRJRVWDGHFRPLGDGHSOiVWLFR”
b) p“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPLWDOLDQRTXHQmR JRVWDGHPDVVD”
~p“7RGRVRVLWDOLDQRVJRVWDPGHPDVVD”
c) p“+iQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVFXMRWULSORpXPQ~PHURSULPR”
~p“2WULSORGHTXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDOQmRpXPQ~PHURSULPR”
d) p“([LVWHXPQ~PHURUHDOTXHpLQIHULRUjVXDUDL]”
~p“7RGRVRVQ~PHURVUHDLVVmRVXSHULRUHVRXLJXDLVjVXDUDL]”
63. ܷ = {6, 7, 8, 10}

ܽ(‫)ݔ‬³‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURFRPSRVWR´
ܾ(‫)ݔ‬: “‫ ݔ‬DGPLWHUHVWRQDGLYLVmRSRU´
a) ‫ܷ א ݔ׊‬, ܽ(‫ – )ݔ‬SURSRVLomRIDOVD
‫ܷ א ݔ׊‬, ܾ(‫ – )ݔ‬SURSRVLomRIDOVD
‫ܷ א ݔ׌‬: ܽ(‫ – )ݔ‬SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
‫ܷ א ݔ׌‬: ܾ(‫ – )ݔ‬SURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) ~ (x U , a ( x)) ֞ ‫ܷ א ݔ ׌‬: ~ܽ(‫[(“ – )ݔ‬LVWH SHOR PHQRV XP HOHPHQWR GH U TXH QmR p um
Q~PHURFRPSRVWR”
~(‫ܷ א ݔ׊‬, ܾ(‫ܷ א ݔ ׌ ֞ ))ݔ‬: ~ܾ(‫[(“ – )ݔ‬LVWHSHORPHQRVXPHOHPHQWRGHU TXHQmRDGPLWHUHVWR
QDGLYLVmRSRU”
~ (x U : a ( x)) ֞ ‫ܷ א ݔ׊‬: ~ܽ(‫“ – )ݔ‬7RGRRHOHPHQWRGHU pXPQ~PHURQmRFRPSRVWR´
~ (x U : b( x)) ֞ ‫ܷ א ݔ׊‬, ~ܾ(‫“ – )ݔ‬7RGR R HOHPHQWR GH U DGPLWH UHVWR GLIHUHQWH GH QD
GLYLVmRSRU”
c) ܽ(‫ )ݔ‬pSRVVtYHOHPU
ܾ(‫ )ݔ‬pLPSRVVtYHOHPU
~ ܽ(‫ )ݔ‬pSRVVtYHOHPU
~ ܾ(‫ )ݔ‬pXQLYHUVDOHPU
64.
a) ‫ א ݔ׊‬൛ߨ, ξ2, 3ൟ, ‫ ݔ‬é natural
“ߨ pQDWXUDO‫ ר‬ξ2 pQDWXUDO‫ ר‬3 pQDWXUDO”
b) ~( ߨ pQDWXUDO‫ ר‬ξ2 pQDWXUDO‫ ר‬3 pQDWXUDO
֞ ߨ QmRpQDWXUDO‫ ש‬ξ2 QmRpQDWXUDO‫ ש‬3 QmRpQDWXUDO
֞ ‫ א ݔ׌‬൛ߨ, ξ2, 3ൟ, ‫ ݔ‬não é natural
65. ‫ = ܣ‬൛0, 2, { }, {1}ൟ

a) 0 ‫ ܣ א‬pXPDDILUPDomRYHUGDGHLUD SRLVpXPHOHPHQWR GRFRQMXQWR A
b) 1 ‫ ܣ א‬pXPDDILUPDomRIDOVDSRLVQmRpXPHOHPHQWR GRFRQMXQWRA
c) 2 ‫ ܣ ב‬pXPDDILUPDomRIDOVDSRLVpXPHOHPHQWR GRFRQMXQWRA
d) { } ‫ ܣ ב‬pXPDDILUPDomRIDOVDSRLV^`pXPHOHPHQWR GRFRQMXQWRA
e) {1} ‫ ܣ ב‬pXPDDILUPDomRIDOVDSRLV^`pXPHOHPHQWR GRFRQMXQWRA
66.
a) ^`
b) {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18}
67.
a) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … }
b) {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, … }
c) {25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
68.
a) {࢞ ‫ א‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0`pRFRQMXQWRGRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVDWLVID]HPDFRQGLomR
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 08PDYH]TXH
ିଵ±ඥଵିସ×ଶ×(ିଵ)
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ସ
ିଵ±ଷ ଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ସ ଶ
ଵ
Hെ1 ‫ ב‬Գ H ‫ ב‬ԳFRQFOXtPRVTXHQmRH[LVWHQHQKXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVDWLVIDoDDFRQGLomR
ଶ
ORJRRFRQMXQWRGHILQLGRHPԳ SRU2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 pRFRQMXQWRYD]LR^`
b) {࢞ ‫ א‬Գ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0`pRFRQMXQWRGRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVDWLVID]HPDFRQGLomR
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 08PDYH]TXH
ିଵ±ξଵିସ×ଵ×ଵ ିଵ±ξିଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ Hξെ3 pXPDH[SUHVVmRVHPVHQWLGRHP
ଶ ଶ
ԹVLJQLILFDTXHQmRH[LVWHQHQKXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVDWLVIDoDDFRQGLomR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0ORJR
RFRQMXQWRGHILQLGRHPԳ SRUHVWDFRQGLomRpRFRQMXQWRYD]LR^`
c) {࢞ ‫ א‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 < 6`pRFRQMXQWRGRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVDWLVID]HPDFRQGLomR2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 < 6
&RPR2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 < 6 ֞ 2‫ < ݔ‬10 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬5 H ‫ א‬Գ H
2 ‫ א‬Գ H
3 ‫ א‬Գ H
‫ א‬Գ H
FRQFOXtPRVTXHRFRQMXQWRGHILQLGRHPԳ SRUHVWDFRQGLomRp^`
d) {࢞ ‫ א‬Գ: |1 െ 2‫ < |ݔ‬4`pRFRQMXQWRGRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVDWLVID]HPDFRQGLomR|1 െ 2‫ < |ݔ‬4
&RPR
|1 െ 2‫ < |ݔ‬4 ֞ 1 െ 2‫ < ݔ‬4 ‫ ר‬1 െ 2‫ > ݔ‬െ4
֞ െ2‫ < ݔ‬3 ‫ ר‬െ2‫ > ݔ‬െ5
ଷ ହ
֞‫>ݔ‬െ ‫< ݔר‬
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ହ ଷ ହ
H1>െ ‫ר‬1< H2 > െ ‫ר‬2< , FRQFOXtPRV TXHRFRQMXQWRGHILQLGRHPԳ SRUHVWDFRQGLomRp^`
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
69.
ଵ ଷ
a) $YHULJXHPRVVHDVFRQGLo}HVቚ‫ ݔ‬െ ቚ = H‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 VmRHTXLYDOHQWHVHPԹ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଷ
ቚ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶቚ = ֞‫ݔ‬െ = ‫ݔש‬െ = െ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ
֞‫ = ݔ‬+ ‫ = ݔש‬െ +
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRp^ `
1 ± ඥ1 െ 4 × (െ2)
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
ଵ±ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRp^ `
8PD YH] TXH WRGDV DV VROXo}HV GD SULPHLUD FRQGLomR VmR VROXomR GD VHJXQGD H YLFH-YHUVD
FRQFOXtPRVTXHDVGXDVFRQGLo}HVVmRHTXLYDOHQWHV
b) $YHULJXHPRVVHDVFRQGLo}HV‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10 = 0 H‫ ݔ‬െ ξ10 = 0 VmRHTXLYDOHQWHVHPԹ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 10 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ10 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ10
O FRQMXQWR-VROXomRp^െξ10, ξ10}
‫ ݔ‬െ ξ10 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ10 2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRp^ξ10}
5HSDUD TXH H[LVWH XPD VROXomR െξ10 GD SULPHLUD FRQGLomR TXH QmR p VROXomR GD VHJXQGD
FRQGLomRORJR DVGXDVFRQGLo}HVQmRVmRHTXLYDOHQWHV
70.
a) {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 4‫}ݔ‬
ସ±ξଵ଺ିସ×ଷ ସ±ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 4‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬3‫= ݔש‬1
ଶ ଶ
$VVLPRFRQMXQWR-VROXomRGDFRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 4‫ ݔ‬é {1, 3}.
/RJR{‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 4‫{ = }ݔ‬1, 3}
{݊ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ é ímpar ‫ < ݊ ר‬5} pRFRQMXQWRGRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVmRtPSDUHVHLQIHULRUHVD
&RPRHVmRRV~QLFRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHREHGHFHPDHVWDFRQGLomR{݊ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ é ímpar ‫ר‬
݊ < 5} = {1, 3}
'DTXLVHFRQFOXLTXH {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 4‫{ = }ݔ‬1, 3} = {݊ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ é ímpar ‫ < ݊ ר‬5}
b) {1, 2, 3, 4} = {2, 1, 3, 4} = {4, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3}SRLVWrPRVPHVPRVHOHPHQWRV
71. ܷ = ൛െ5, െξ5, െ1, 0, 1, ξ5, 5, 25ൟ

a) ‫{ = ܣ‬െ5, െ1}
b) ൛െξ5, െ1, 0, 1, ξ5ൟ
c) ‫{ = ܥ‬0, 1, 5, 25}
d) ‫{ = ܦ‬25, 5, 1, 0, 625}
72. 3RUH[HPSOR
a) {3݊: ݊ ‫ א‬Գ} RX{݊ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ é múltiplo de 3}
b) {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: |‫ = |ݔ‬5} = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬5}
c) {݊ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ é divisor de 10}
d) {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: |‫ < |ݔ‬0}
e) {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: |‫ |ݔ‬൒ 0}
73. A B H B C
a) 1 ‫ ܤ א‬pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV A B H ‫ܣ א‬

b) 2 ‫ ܣ א‬QmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUD
c) 3 ‫ ܣ ב‬QmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUD
d) ‫ ܤ א‬QmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUD
e) ‫ ܣ ב‬p QHFHVVDULDPHQWH YHUGDGHLUD SRLV ‫ ܤ ב‬H ‫ܤ ׋ ܣ‬, ORJR VH ‫ ܣ א‬HQWmR ‫ ܤ א‬R TXH QmR
DFRQWHFH
f) ‫ ܥ א‬QmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUD
g) 6 ‫ ܤ ב‬p QHFHVVDULDPHQWH YHUGDGHLUD SRLV ‫ ܥ ב‬H ‫ܥ ׋ ܤ‬, ORJR VH ‫ܤ א‬, HQWmR ‫ ܥ א‬R TXH QmR
DFRQWHFH
74. 6HMDPABC HD RVFRQMXQWRVGHILQLGRVSHODVFRQGLo}HVa(nb(nc(nHd(nUHVSHWLYDPHQWH
ܲ = ‫{ = ܦ ת ܣ‬2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, … } ‫{ ת‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} = {2, 3, 5, 7}
ܳ = ‫{ = ܥ ת ܤ‬3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, … } ‫{ ת‬1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} = {3, 6, 9, 18}
ܴ = ‫{ = ܦ ׫ ܥ‬1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, … } ‫{ ׫‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} = {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 4, 5, 7, 8}
ܵ = ‫{ = ܦ ת ܥ‬4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, … } ‫{ ת‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
= {4, 5, 7, 8}
଻
75. ‫ ] = ܣ‬െ λ, 5] ‫ ] = ܤ‬െ λ, െߨ] ‫ = ܥ‬ቃെ , +λቂ
ଶ
a) ‫ ] = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬െ λ, 5]
b) ‫ ]= ܥ ׫ ܤ‬െ λ, +λ[ = Թ
c) ‫ ]= ܤ ת ܣ‬െ λ, െߨ]
଻
d) ‫ = ܥ ת ܣ‬ቃെ , 5ቃ
ଶ
଻ ଻
e) ‫ ]= )ܥ ת ܤ( ת ܣ‬െ λ, 5] ‫ ת‬ቃെ , െߨቃ = ቃെ , െߨቃ
ଶ ଶ
f) ‫ܣ‬ҧ = ] െ λ, 5] = ]5, +λ[

଻ ଻
g) ‫ܥ‬ҧ = ቃെ , +λቂ = ቃെλ, െ ቃ
ଶ ଶ
h) ‫ ]= ܤ\ܣ‬െ λ, 5]\ ] െ λ, െߨ] = ] െ ߨ, 5]

i) ‫ ]= )ܥ ׫ ܤ(\ܣ‬െ ߨ, 5]\Թ = ‫׎‬
76.
a) ‫ א ݔ{ = ܣ‬Գ: 1 െ ‫ > ݔ‬0 ‫ ש‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 6 < 12}
1െ‫> ݔ‬0 ֞ 1 >‫ݔ‬
2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRGDFRQGLomR1 െ ‫ > ݔ‬0HPԳp ‫׎‬
3‫ ݔ‬െ 6 < 12 ֞ 3‫ < ݔ‬18 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬6
2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRGDFRQGLomR3‫ ݔ‬െ 6 < 12HPԳp^`
‫{ ׫ ׎ = ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
b) ‫ א ݔ{ = ܤ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0}
ଵ±ඥଵିସ×(ିଶ) ଵ±ଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ ଶ
2FRQMXQWR-VROXomRGDFRQGLomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0HPԹp^ `/RJR‫{ = ܤ‬2, െ1}
c) ‫{ = ܥ\ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\(] െ λ, 1[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[) = {1, 2, 3}
d) ‫{ = ܤ ת ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ‫{ ת‬2, െ1} = {2}
e) ‫{ = ܥ ת ܤ‬2, െ1} ‫ ]( ת‬െ λ, 1[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[) = {െ1}
f) ‫{ = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ‫{ ׫‬2, െ1} = {െ1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 62 a 72
1.
a) p “2$IRQVRXVDyFXORV” q : “O $IRQVRXVDFKDSpX”
p q : “2$IRQVRXVDyFXORVRXFKDSpX”
Opção (B)
b) ~‫“݌‬2$IRQVRQmRXVDyFXORV” ~‫“ݍ‬2$IRQVRQmRXVDFKDSpX”
~‫ݍ~ ר ݌‬: “2$IRQVRQmRXVDyFXORVHQmRXVDFKDSpX”
Opção (D)
2. 6DEH-VHTXHGDGDVGXDVSURSRVLo}HVa HbRYDORUOyJLFRGDHTXLYDOrQFLDSRGHVHUREWLGR
D SDUWLU GRV YDORUHV OyJLFRV GH a H b FRPR VH HQFRQWUD UHVXPLGR QD VHJXLQWH WDEHOD GH
YHUGDGH
a b a֞b
9 9 9
9 F F
F 9 F
F F 9
$VVLPa ֞ b pIDOVDTXDQGRHDSHQDVTXDQGRa Hb WrPYDORUHVOyJLFRVGLIHUHQWHV
Opção (C)
3. 'DV H[SUHVV}HV FRP YDULiYHLV DSUHVHQWDGDV D ~QLFD TXH QmR VH WUDQVIRUPD QXPD
SURSRVLomR TXDQGRVHVXEVWLWXLDYDULiYHO࢞ SRUYDORUHVUHDLV pDH[SUHVVmRGD RSomR%
Opção (B)
4. A ^`
B ^`
C = {࢔ ‫ א‬Գ: ࢔૛ ൑ ૢ} ^`
$VVLPA = B HA ‫ ؿ‬C.
Opção (D)
5. 9DPRV FRQVWUXLU WDEHODV GH YHUGDGH GH FDGD XPD GDV SURSRVLo}HV SUHVHQWHV QDV TXDWUR
RSo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDV
(A) (‫ )ݍ ר ݌‬฻ (~‫)ݍ~ ר ݌‬
p q ~p ~q p‫ר‬q ~p ‫~ ר‬q p ‫ ר‬q ֞ (~p ‫~ ר‬q)

9 9 F F 9 F F
9 F F 9 F F 9
F 9 9 F F F 9
F F 9 9 F 9 F
(B) ~(‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֜ )ݍ ר ݌‬
p q p‫ר‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q) p‫ש‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q) ֜ (p ‫ ש‬q)

9 9 9 F 9 9
9 F F 9 9 9
F 9 F 9 9 9
F F F 9 F F
(C) ‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֜ ݌‬
p q p‫ש‬q p ֜ (p ‫ ש‬q)
9 9 9 9
9 F 9 9
F 9 9 9
F F F 9
(D) (‫)݌~ ר ݌( ֜ )݌~ ש ݌‬
p ~p p ‫~ ש‬p p ‫~ ר‬p (p ‫~ ש‬p) ֜ (p ‫~ ר‬p)

9 F 9 F F
9 F 9 F F
F 9 9 F F
F 9 9 F F
'DVSURSRVLo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVREVHUYD-VHTXHDSHQDVp ֜ (p ‫ ש‬qpYHUGDGHLUDTXDLVTXHU
TXHVHMDPRVYDORUHVOyJLFRVGHp HqVHQGR HQWmR D~QLFDRSomRRQGHHVWiSUHVHQWHXPD
WDXWRORJLD
Opção (C)
6. 6DEHPRV TXH D SURSRVLomR ‫ݔ׊‬, ‫ )ݔ(ݍ ฺ )ݔ(݌‬p HTXLYDOHQWH j SURSRVLomR ‫ݔ׊‬, ~‫)ݔ(݌ ~ ฺ )ݔ(ݍ‬
LPSOLFDomRFRQWUDUUHFtSURFD
Opção (D)
7. 1HJDU D SURSRVLomR ³7RGDV DV FULDQoDV DFUHGLWDP QR 3DL 1DWDO´ HTXLYDOH D DILUPDU TXH ³1mR p
YHUGDGHTXHWRGDVDVFULDQoDVDFUHGLWDPQR3DL1DWDO´RXVHMD³([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPDFULDQoD
TXHQmRDFUHGLWDQR3DL 1DWDO´
Opção (C)
8. $LPSOLFDomRFRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDFRQGLomR³6HXPWULkQJXORpUHWkQJXORHQWmRQmRpHTXLOiWHUR´p
DTXHODFXMRDQWHFHGHQWHpDQHJDomRGRFRQVHTXHQWH³QmRpHTXLOiWHUR´HFXMRFRQVHTXHQWHpD
QHJDomR GR DQWHFHGHQWH ³p UHWkQJXOR´ $VVLP D LPSOLFDomR FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD GD LPSOLFDomR
DSUHVHQWDGDp³6HXPWULkQJXORpHTXLOiWHURHQWmRQmRpUHWkQJXOR´
Opção (A)
9. 6DEH-VH TXH ܽ ฻ ܾ é XPD SURSRVLomRIDOVD SRUWDQWR a Hb WrP YDORUHV OyJLFRV GLIHUHQWHV a é
YHUGDGHLUDHb pIDOVDRXYLFH-YHUVD$VVLP
(A) ܽ ‫ ܾ ר‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
(B) ܽ ‫ ܾ ש‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
(C) ~ܽ ‫ ܾ~ ר‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
' ܽ ֜ ܾ pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDQRFDVRGHa VHUYHUGDGHLUDHb VHUIDOVD1RHQWDQWRܽ ֜ ܾ é
YHUGDGHLUDQRFDVRGHa VHUIDOVDHb VHUYHUGDGHLUD
Opção (B)
10. 6DEH-VHTXHDLPSOLFDomRHQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpIDOVDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHRDQWHFHGHQWH
pYHUGDGHLURHRFRQVHTXHQWHpIDOVR $VVLPFRPR‫ )ݎ ֜ ݍ( ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD WHP-VH
TXHRDQWHFHGHQWHppYHUGDGHLURHRFRQVHTXHQWH(‫ )ݎ ֜ ݍ‬pIDOVR
3HODPHVPDRUGHPGHLGHLDVFRPRDSURSRVLomR ‫ ݎ ֜ ݍ‬pIDOVDWHP-VHTXHRDQWHFHGHQWHq) é
YHUGDGHLURHRFRQVHTXHQWHrpIDOVR
Opção (D)
11. 3HODVVHJXQGDVOHLVGH'H 0RUJDQWHP-VHTXHDSURSRVLomR ~൫‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݍ ฺ )ݔ(݌‬൯ é HTXLYDOHQWH

jSURSRVLomR‫ݔ׌‬: ~൫‫)ݔ(ݍ ฺ )ݔ(݌‬൯RTXHSHODQHJDomRGDLPSOLFDomRpHTXLYDOHQWHjSURSRVLomR
‫ݔ׌‬: ‫)ݔ(ݍ~ ר )ݔ(݌‬
Opção (A)
12. (i) pYHUGDGHLUD

6HMD ‫ )ݔ(݌‬XPD FRQGLomR XQLYHUVDO HP ࣯ LVWR p XPD SURSRVLomR TXH VH WUDQVIRUPD QXPD
SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD HP ࣯ SDUD TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GDV VXDV YDULiYHLV H VHMD ‫)ݔ(ݍ‬
XPDTXDOTXHUFRQGLomRHP࣯
$ GLVMXQomR GH ‫ )ݔ(݌‬H ‫)ݔ(ݍ ש )ݔ(݌ )ݔ(ݍ‬, p XPD QRYD FRQGLomR TXH p XQLYHUVDO HP ࣯ SRLV
SDUDTXDOTXHUFRQFUHWL]DomR GDVVXDVYDULiYHLV YHPTXH‫ )ݔ(݌‬VHWUDQVIRUPDQXPDSURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD H ‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬QXPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD RX IDOVD H D GLVMXQomR p YHUGDGHLUD HP
TXDOTXHUXPGHVWHVFDVRV(9‫ ש‬9) ֞ 9(9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
(ii) pYHUGDGHLUD
6HMD ‫ )ݔ(݌‬XPD FRQGLomR LPSRVVtYHO HP ࣯ LVWR p XPD SURSRVLomR TXH VH WUDQVIRUPD QXPD
SURSRVLomR IDOVD HP ࣯ SDUD TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GDV VXDV YDULiYHLV H VHMD ‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬uma
TXDOTXHUFRQGLomRHP࣯
$FRQMXQomRGH‫ )ݔ(݌‬H‫)ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌)ݔ(ݍ‬, pXPDQRYDFRQGLomRTXHpLPSRVVtYHOHP࣯, SRLV
SDUD TXDOTXHU FRQFUHWL]DomR GDV VXDV YDULiYHLV YHP TXH ‫ )ݔ(݌‬VH WUDQVIRUPD QXPD
SURSRVLomRIDOVDHP࣯ H‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬QXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDRXIDOVDHDFRQMXQomRpIDOVDHP
TXDOTXHUXPGHVWHVFDVRV(F ‫ ר‬9) ֞ ) (F ‫ ר‬F) ֞ )
Opção (B)
13. 'DVDILUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVDSHQDVDRSomR%pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV

FRPRA ‫ ؿ‬B Hܽ ‫ܣ א‬, HQWmRܽ ‫ܤ א‬
H FRPRB ‫ ؿ‬C Hܽ ‫ܤ א‬, HQWmRܽ ‫ܥ א‬
Opção (B)
14.
a) “5ଶ × (ߨ െ 3)” pXPDGHVLJQDomR
ଵ ଵ ଵ
b) “ + = ” é XPDSURSRVLomR
ଷ ଷ ଺
c) ³pXPQ~PHURSULPR´pXPDSURSRVLomR
d) ³2WULkQJXORGHYpUWLFHVAB HC” é XPDGHVLJQDomR.
e) ³+iWULkQJXORVFRPGRLVkQJXORVUHWRV´pXPDSURSRVLomR
f) “ξ3 > ߨ + 1” pXPDSURSRVLomR
g) “െ5 ‫ א‬Գ” pXPDSURSRVLomR
h) “^`” pXPDGHVLJQDomR
i) “{1, 2, 3, 6} pRFRQMXQWRGRVGLYLVRUHVGH´pXPDSURSRVLomR
j) ³([LVWHXPQ~PHURSULPRTXHpSDU´pXPDSURSRVLomR
15. $VSURSRVLo}HVSUHVHQWHVQDVDOtQHDVEHIHJVmRIDOVDV

$VSURSRVLo}HVSUHVHQWHVQDVDOtQHDVFLHMVmR YHUGDGHLUDV
16. p “(XJRVWRGRYHUmR” ~p “(XQmRJRVWRGRYHUmR”
‫(“ ݍ‬XQmRJRVWRGRLQYHUQR” ~‫(“ ݍ‬XJRVWRGRLQYHUQR”
‫(“ ݎ‬XJRVWRGDSULPDYHUD” ~ ‫(“ ݎ‬XQmRJRVWRGDSULPDYHUD”
a) ‫ݍ ר ݌‬: “(XJRVWRGRYHUmRHQmRJRVWRGRLQYHUQR”
b) ‫(“ݎ ש ݍ‬XQmRJRVWRGRLQYHUQRRXJRVWRGDSULPDYHUD”
c) ~‫(“ ݍ~ ר ݌‬XQmRJRVWRGRYHUmRHJRVWRGRLQYHUQR”
d) ~ ‫ݎ ש ݍ‬: “(XJRVWRGRLQYHUQRRXGDSULPDYHUD”
e) ~ (‫)ݎ ש ݌‬: “1mRpYHUGDGHTXHHXJRVWHGRYHUmRRXGDSULPDYHUD”
f) ~‫ݎ ~ ר ݌‬: “(XQmRJRVWRGRYHUmRQHPGDSULPDYHUD”
17.
a) $ SURSRVLomR ‫ ݍ ר ݌‬p YHUGDGHLUD DSHQDV QR FDVR HP TXH D SURSRVLomR p p YHUGDGHLUD H a
SURSRVLomRq pYHUGDGHLUD
b) $ SURSRVLomR ‫ ݍ ש ݌‬p IDOVD DSHQDV QR FDVR HP TXH D SURSRVLomR p p IDOVD H a SURSRVLomR q é
IDOVD
c) $SURSRVLomR~‫ ݍ ר ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHDSURSRVLomR~p pYHUGDGHLUDLVWRpp
pIDOVDHq pYHUGDGHLUD
18.
a) ~ ‫ݍ ר ݌‬
p q ~p ~p ‫ ר‬q
9 9 F F
9 F F F
F 9 9 9
F F 9 F
b) ~(‫)ݍ ר ݌‬
p q p‫ר‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q)

9 9 9 F
9 F F 9
F 9 F 9
F F F 9
c) p (~ p q )
p q ~p ~p ‫ ר‬q p ‫~( ש‬p ‫ ר‬q)
9 9 F F 9
9 F F F 9
F 9 9 9 9
F F 9 F F
19.
a) p³ S pXPQ~PHURLUUDFLRQDOHpVXSHULRUD”
~p³ S QmRpXPQ~PHURLUUDFLRQDORXQmRpVXSHULRUD´
b) p “QmRpXPQ~PHURSDUQHPpXPQ~PHURSULPR”
~p“pXPQ~PHURSDURX pXPQ~PHURSULPR”
c) p“2-RDTXLPpXPEHEpRXQmRVDEHIDODU”
~p“2-RDTXLPQmRpXPEHEpHVDEHIDODU”
d) p“$0DUJDULGDpXPEHEpHQmRVDEHQDGDU”
~p“$0DUJDULGDQmRpXPEHEpRXVDEHQDGDU”
20.
a) ‫)ݔ(݌‬: 5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 0
‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԳ HSRVVtYHOHPԹ
‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: |‫ < |ݔ‬0
‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԳ HLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
‫)ݔ(ݎ‬: ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2) = 0
‫ )ݔ(ݎ‬pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOHPԳ HSRVVtYHOHPԹ
‫)ݔ(ݏ‬: ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 2) = 0
‫ )ݔ(ݏ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԳ HSRVVtYHOHPԹ
‫)ݔ(ݐ‬: 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0
‫ )ݔ(ݐ‬é XPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԳ HXQLYHUVDOHPԹ
b) ~‫)ݔ(݌‬: 5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 0
~‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: |‫ |ݔ‬൒ 0
~‫)ݔ(ݎ‬: ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2) ് 0
~‫)ݔ(ݏ‬: ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 2) ് 0
~‫)ݔ(ݐ‬: 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ < 0
c) (i) ‫ )ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹYLVWRWUDWDU-VHGD FRQMXQomRHQWUHXPDFRQGLomR
SRVVtYHOp(‫ݔ‬HXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOq(‫ݔ‬HPԹ
(ii) ‫ )ݔ(ݎ ש )ݔ(ݍ‬p XPD FRQGLomR SRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD GLVMXQomR HQWUH XPD FRQGLomR
LPSRVVtYHOq(‫ݔ‬HXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOr(‫ݔ‬HPԹ
(iii) ‫ )ݔ(ݏ ש )ݔ(ݎ‬p XPD FRQGLomR SRVVtYHO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD GLVMXQomR HQWUH FRQGLo}HV
SRVVtYHLVHPԹ
(iv) ‫ )ݔ(ݐ ש )ݔ(ݏ‬p XPD FRQGLomR XQLYHUVDO HP Թ YLVWR WUDWDU-VH GD GLVMXQomR HQWUH XPD FRQGLomR
XQLYHUVDOt(‫ݔ‬HXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOV‫ݔ‬HPԹ
21.
a) (i) ‫ݔ׌‬: ‫)ݔ(݌‬
“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPJDWRPDOKDGR´
(ii) ‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݍ‬
“7RGRVRVJDWRVJRVWDPGHOHLWH”
(iii) ‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݎ ש )ݔ(݌‬
“7RGRVRVJDWRVVmRPDOKDGRVRXVmRSUHWRV”
(iv) ‫ݔ׌‬: ‫)ݔ(ݍ ~ ר )ݔ(ݎ‬
“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPJDWRSUHWRTXH QmRJRVWDGHOHLWH”
b) (i) “([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPJDWRTXHQmRpPDOKDGRQHPSUHWR”
‫ݔ׌‬: ~‫)ݔ(ݎ ~ ר )ݔ(݌‬
(ii) “([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPJDWRTXHJRVWDGHOHLWHRX pSUHWR”
x : q ( x) r ( x)
(iii) “7RGRVRVJDWRVTXHJRVWDPGHOHLWHVmRPDOKDGRV”
‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(݌ ֜ )ݔ(ݍ‬
(iv) “7RGRVRVJDWRVVmRPDOKDGRVVHHVyVHQmRVmRSUHWRV”
‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݎ~ ֞ )ݔ(݌‬
22.
a) p “7RGRVRVKRPHQVVmRDPELFLRVRV”
~p “([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPKRPHPTXHQmRpDPELFLRVR”
b) p“([LVWHXPDWRUIDPRVRTXHQmRWHPIRUPDomRHPWHDWUR”
~p“7RGRVRVDWRUHVIDPRVRVWrPIRUPDomRHPWHDWUR”
23.
a) {‫ܷ א ݔ‬: ‫ א ݔ‬Գ} = {1, 5, 25}
b) {‫ܷ א ݔ‬: ‫ א ݔ‬Ժି } = {െ1}
c) {‫ܷ א ݔ‬: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 10} = {5, 25}
d) {‫ܷ א ݔ‬: 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0} = {െ1, 0}
e) {‫ܷ א ݔ‬: ‫ ݔ‬é um número irracional} = ‫׎‬
24.
a) {3, െ3} = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9} = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3} SRUH[HPSOR
b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, … } = {‫ א ݔ‬Գ: ‫ ݔ‬é ímpar}
c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, … } = {‫ ݔ‬ଶ : ‫ א ݔ‬Գ}
25.
a) (i) “ߨ ് 3,14 HpP~OWLSORGH”aq ‫ ר‬r
(ii) “QmRpSULPRRXߨ = 3,14”ap ‫ ש‬q
(iii) “6H ߨ = 3,14HQWmRQmRpP~OWLSORGH”q ֜ ~r
b) (iv) ‫“ݎ~ ש ݌‬9 pXPQ~PHURSULPRRXQmRpP~OWLSORGH”
(v) ~( ‫“)ݍ ר ݌‬1mRpYHUGDGHTXHVHMDXPQ~PHURSULPRHTXHߨ = 3,14”
(vi) ~‫)݌ ש ݍ~( ฺ ݎ‬: “6H QmRpP~OWLSORGHHQWmRߨ ് 3,14 RXpXPQ~PHURSULPR”
c) 'DVSURSRVLo}HVpq Hr GRHQXQFLDGRWHP-VHTXHp Hq VmRIDOVDVHr pYHUGDGHLUD
x $SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDLaq ‫ ר‬r, pYHUGDGHLUDSRLV9‫ ר‬9֞ 9
x $SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDLL~p ‫ ש‬q, pYHUGDGHLUDSRLV9‫ ש‬F ֞ 9
x A SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDLLL q ֜ ~r, pYHUGDGHLUDSRLV)֜ F) ֞ 9
x $SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDLYp ‫~ ש‬r, pIDOVDSRLV)‫ ש‬F ֞ )
x $SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDY~( ‫)ݍ ר ݌‬, pYHUGDGHLUDSRLVa)‫ ר‬F) ֞ 9
x $SURSRVLomRGDDOtQHDYL~‫ )݌ ש ݍ~( ฺ ݎ‬, pYHUGDGHLUDSRLV
(F ֜ 9‫ ש‬F)) ֞ (F ֜ 9֞ 9
26.
a) ~ (‫ )ݍ~ ฺ ݌‬QmRpXPDWDXWRORJLD
p q ~q p ֜ ~q ~ (p ֜ ~q)
9 9 F F V
9 F 9 9 F
F 9 F 9 F
F F 9 9 F
b) ‫ ݌‬฻ (‫ )ݍ ש ݌‬QmRpXPDWDXWRORJLD
p q p‫ש‬q p ֞ (p ‫ ש‬q)
9 9 9 V
9 F 9 V
F 9 9 F
F F F V
c) (‫ )ݍ ฺ ݌‬฻ (~‫ )ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLD
p q p֜q ~p ~p ‫ ש‬q (࢖ ฺ ࢗ) ฻ (~࢖ ‫)ࢗ ש‬

9 9 9 F 9 V
9 F F F F V
F 9 9 9 9 V
F F 9 9 9 V
27.
a) (‫݌ ֞ ))ݍ ר ݌ ( ש ݌‬
p q p‫ר‬q p ‫( ש‬p ‫ ר‬q)

9 9 9 9
9 F F 9
F 9 F F
F F F F
2EVHUYD-VHTXHVmRLJXDLVDVFROXQDVTXHGL]HPUHVSHLWRDp HDp ‫( ש‬p ‫ ר‬q
‫)ݍ ר ݌ ( ש ݌ )‪b‬‬
‫‪ 9֞ p‬ר ‪)SRLVp‬ݍ ר ݌ ( ש )‪ V‬ר ݌( ֞‬
‫)ݍ ש ‪ ( V‬ר ݌ ֞‬
‫‪V‬ר݌֞‬
‫݌֞‬
‫‪28.‬‬
‫)‪ ~q‬ש ‪ (p‬ש ‪a) q‬‬
‫)‪ ~q‬ש ‪ (q‬ש ‪֞ p‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ש ‪֞ p‬‬
‫‪֞9‬‬
‫)ݍ~ ר ݌( ר ݍ )‪b‬‬
‫)ݍ~ ר ݍ( ר ݌ ֞‬
‫‪F‬ר݌֞‬
‫‪֞F‬‬
‫)݌ ש ݍ~( ר ݍ )‪c‬‬
‫)݌ ר ݍ( ש )ݍ~ ר ݍ( ֞‬
‫)‪ p‬ר ‪ (q‬ש ‪֞ F‬‬
‫‪p‬ר‪֞q‬‬
‫ݍ~ ר )ݍ ש ݌( ר ݌~ )‪d‬‬
‫ݍ~ ר ])ݍ ר ݌~( ש )݌ ר ݌~([ ֞‬
‫ݍ~ ר ))ݍ ר ݌~( ש ‪֞ (F‬‬
‫ݍ~ ר )ݍ ר ݌~( ֞‬
‫)ݍ~ ר ݍ( ר ݌~ ֞‬
‫‪ F‬ר ‪֞ ~p‬‬
‫‪֞F‬‬
‫ݍ~ ש )ݍ ר ݌~( ש ݌ )‪e‬‬
‫ݍ~ ש ])ݍ ש ݌( ר )݌~ ש ݌([ ֞‬
‫ݍ~ ש ))ݍ ש ݌( ר ‪֞ (V‬‬
‫ݍ~ ש )ݍ ש ݌( ֞‬
‫)ݍ~ ש ݍ( ש ݌ ֞‬
‫‪V֞9‬ש݌֞‬
‫‪29.‬‬
‫ݍ ש ݌~ ֞ )ݍ ׽ ר ݌(~ )‪a‬‬
‫ݍ ר ݌ ֞ )ݍ~ ש ݌~(~ )‪b‬‬
‫) ݎ ש ݍ ~(~ ש ݌~ ֞ )) ݎ ש ݍ ~( ר ݌(~ )‪c‬‬
‫) ݎ~ ר ݍ( ש ݌~ ֞‬
‫ݍ~ ר ݌~ ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌~(~ )‪d‬‬
‫)ݎ ש ݍ(~ ר ݌ ֞ ‪)൯‬ݎ ש ݍ( ֜ ݌‪e) ~൫‬‬
‫ݎ~ ר ݍ~ ר ݌ ֞‬
‫݌~ ר )ݎ ש ݍ( ֞ )݌ ֜ )ݎ ש ݍ((~ )‪f‬‬
‫‪Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

g) ~((‫ݎ~ ר )ݍ ֜ ݌(~ ֞ )ݎ ש )ݍ ֜ ݌‬
֞ ‫ݎ~ ר ݍ~ ר ݌‬
h) ~(‫)݌ ֜ ݍ~ ר ݍ~ ֜ ݌(~ ֞ )ݍ~ ֞ ݌‬
֞ ~(‫)݌ ֜ ݍ~(~ ש )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬
֞ (‫)݌~ ר ݍ~( ש )ݍ ר ݌‬
30.
a) 6HRFRQVHTXHQWHqpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDDLPSOLFDomRp ֜ q VyVHUi YHUGDGHLUDQRFDVRGHR
DQWHFHGHQWHVHUWDPEpPIDOVRDVVLPp pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
b) ‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLV( F ‫ ש‬F) ֞ )
c) ~(‫ )ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLVa)‫ ש‬F) ֞ ~F ֞ 9
d) ~‫ ݍ~ ר ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLV(9‫ ש‬9) ֞ 9
e) ~‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLV(9‫ ש‬F) ֞ 9
f) ~ q p pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLV9֜ F) ֞ )
g) ‫ ݍ ֞ ݌‬é uma SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDSRLV)֞ F) ֞ 9
h) ~‫ ݍ ֞ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRLV9֞ F) ֞ )
31.
a) (‫~(~ ֞ )ݍ ש ݌‬p ‫~ ר‬q)
b) (‫)ݍ~ ר ݌(~ ֞ )ݍ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬
c) (‫))ݍ ֜ ݍ( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌(( ֞ )ݍ ֞ ݌‬
֞ ((~‫))݌ ש ݍ~( ר )ݍ ש ݌‬
֞ (~(‫))݌~ ר ݍ(~ ר )ݍ~ ר ݌‬
32.
a) ~(‫ ݎ ש )ݍ ר ݌‬pIDOVD
$ GLVMXQomR GH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV p IDOVD DSHQDV QR FDVR HP TXH DPEDV DV SURSRVLo}HV VmR
IDOVDVORJRap ‫ ר‬qpIDOVDr pIDOVD &RPRap ‫ ר‬qpIDOVDHQWmRp ‫ ר‬q pYHUGDGHLUD&RPRD
FRQMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpYHUGDGHLUDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHDPEDVDVSURSRVLo}HVVmR
YHUGDGHLUDVWHP-VHTXHp pYHUGDGHLUDHq pYHUGDGHLUD
b) ‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌(~ ר ݎ‬pYHUGDGHLUD
$FRQMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpYHUGDGHLUDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHDPEDVDVSURSRVLo}HV
VmR YHUGDGHLUDV ORJR r p YHUGDGHLUD H ~(‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬p YHUGDGHLUD &RPR ~(‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬p YHUGDGHLUD
HQWmR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬pIDOVD8PDLPSOLFDomRHQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpIDOVDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHR
DQWHFHGHQWHpYHUGDGHLURHRFRQVHTXHQWHpIDOVR$VVLPp pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHq é
XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
33.
a) p “UPDOXQRHVWiGLVWUDtGR” q³$SURIHVVRUDUHSUHHQGH RDOXQR”
“6HXPDOXQRHVWiGLVWUDtGRHQWmRDSURIHVVRUDUHSUHHQGH-R´ (p ֜ q)
Negação da implicação: “8PDOXQRHVWiGLVWUDtGRHDSURIHVVRUDQmRRUHSUHHQGH”
(p ‫~ ר‬q)
Implicação contrarrecíproca: “6H D SURIHVVRUD QmR UHSUHHQGH XP DOXQR HQWmR R DOXQR QmR
HVWiGLVWUDtGR”aq ֜ ~p)
b) p :" x 3"
2
q :" x 9"
p q :" x 3 x 2 9"
Negação da implicação: " x 3 x 2 z 9" (p ‫~ ר‬q)
Implicação contrarrecíproca: " x 2 z 9 x z 3" (~q ֜ ~p)
c) p: “n pXPP~OWLSORGH”
q: “n pXPP~OWLSORGH”
p ֜ q“6Hn pXPP~OWLSORGHHQWmR݊ pXPP~OWLSORGH”
Negação da implicação: “n pXPP~OWLSORGHHQmRpXPP~OWLSORGH´ (p ‫~ ר‬q)
Implicação contrarrecíproca: “6Hn QmRé um m~OWLSORGHHQWmRQmRpXPP~OWLSOR GH”
(~q ֜ ~p)
34.
a) p “([LVWHXPQ~PHURUHDO‫ ݔ‬TXHpPDLRUTXHRVHXTXDGUDGR”
~p “7RGRVRVQ~PHURVUHDLVVmRLQIHULRUHVRXLJXDLVDRVHXTXDGUDGR”
b) p “‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 YHULILFD-VHSDUDWRGRRQ~PHURUHDO‫”ݔ‬
~p“([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUHDO‫ ݔ‬TXHQmRYHULILFD‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0.”
c) p“([LVWHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO‫ ݔ‬TXHpVROXomRGDHTXDomR x 3 25 ”
~p“4XDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDO‫ ݔ‬QmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR x3 25 ”
35.
a) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ ‫ ݔ > ݔ ׷‬ଶ
~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ ‫ ݔ > ݔ ׷‬ଶ ) ֞ (‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ , ‫ ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ )
b) ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ , ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
~(‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ , ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0) ֞ (‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬ଶ െ 2‫ < ݔ‬0)
c) ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬ଷ = 25
~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ : ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 25)֞ (‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ , ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ് 25)
36.
a) $SURSRVLomRpIDOVDSRLVSRUH[HPSORHVmRQ~PHURVSULPRVHDVXDVRPDQmRpXP
Q~PHURSULPR
b) $ SURSRVLomR pIDOVD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR p XP Q~PHUR SULPR IRUPDGR SRU GRLV DOJDULVPRV H
HVWHVQmRVmRGLVWLQWRV
c) $SURSRVLomRpIDOVDSRLVSRUH[HPSORpXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOHQmRVHYHULILFDTXH
12 2 u 1 ൒
37.
a) P {n : p (n) r (n)} ^nn pXPQ~PHURSULPRLQIHULRUD` ^`
b) Q {n : q (n) r (n)} ^nn pXPGLYLVRUGHRXn pLQIHULRUD`
= ^`
c) R {n : q (n) ~ p (n)} ^nn pXPGLYLVRUGHHQmRpXPQ~PHURSULPR`
= ^`
38.
a) {‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} ^` ‫`^ `^ ׫‬
Cálculos auxiliares
‫ ݔ‬െ 4 < 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 36 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ6 ‫ = ݔ ש‬6
b) {‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} ^`‫׎ `^ ת‬

c) ^{‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} = ]4 + λ [ ‫{ ת‬െ6, 6} = {6}
d) {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} = ]െλ, 4> ‫` ^ ` ^ ת‬
39. ‫{ = ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3} B @λ>C = @@

a) ‫{ = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3} ‫] ׫‬2, +λ[ = [2, +λ[ ‫{ ׫‬0, 1}
b) ‫] = ܥ ׫ ܤ‬2, +λ[ ‫] ׫‬1, 6] = ]1, +λ[
c) ‫{ = ܥ ת ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3} ‫] ת‬1, 6] = {2, 3}
d) ‫] = ܥ ת ܤ‬2, +λ[ ‫] ת‬1, 6] = ]2, 6]
e) (‫ܤ ת )ܥ ת ܣ‬ ณ
= {2, 3} ‫]ת‬2, +λ[ = {3}
ୟ୪À୬ୣୟ ୡ)
f) ‫ܣ‬ഥ = Թ\{0, 1, 2, 3}
g) ‫ܤ‬ഥ = Թ \]2, +λ[ = ] െ λ, 2]
h) ‫ܥ‬ഥ = Թ\@@ @െλ, 1] ‫] ׫‬6, +λ[
i) ‫{ = ܤ\ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3}\]2, +λ[ = {0, 1, 2}
j) ‫] = ܣ\ܤ‬2, +λ[ \{0, 1, 2, 3} = ]2, +λ[\{3} = ]2, 3[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[
k) ‫] = )ܤ ת ܣ(\ܥ‬1, 6]\({0, 1, 2, 3} ‫] ת‬2, +λ[) = ]1, 6]\{3} = ]1, 3[ ‫] ׫‬3, 6]
40.
࢖ ࢗ ࢘ ~࢘ ࢖ ֞~࢘ ࢗ‫࢘ר‬ (࢖ ֞ ~ ࢘) ‫)࢘ ר ࢗ( ש‬

9 9 9 F F 9 V
9 9 F 9 9 F V
9 F 9 F F F F
9 F F 9 9 F V
F 9 9 F 9 9 V
F 9 F 9 F F F
F F 9 F 9 F V
F F F 9 F F F
41. &RPR(‫ ݌ ר )ݍ ֜ ݎ~( ר )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHDFRQMXQomRGHWUrVSURSRVLo}HV

p YHUGDGHLUD DSHQDV QR FDVR GDV WUrV SURSRVLo}HV R VHUHP SRGH FRQFOXLU-VH TXH ‫ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬
~‫ ݍ ֜ ݎ‬H p VmR SURSRVLo}HV YHUGDGHLUDV $VVLP VDEHQGR TXH p H ‫ ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬VmR SURSRVLo}HV
YHUGDGHLUDV YHP TXH aq p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD Mi TXH VH WUDWD GH XPD LPSOLFDomR
YHUGDGHLUD FXMR DQWHFHGHQWH p YHUGDGHLUR ORJR R FRQVHTXHQWH WHUi GH VHU WDPEpP YHUGDGHLUR
$VVLP FRPR aq p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD HQWmR q p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD 7HPRV DLQGD
TXH VH ~‫ ݍ ֜ ݎ‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD H q p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD HQWmR ar é uma
SURSRVLomRIDOVDMiTXHVHWUDWDGHXPDLPSOLFDomRYHUGDGHLUDFXMRFRQVHTXHQWHpIDOVRORJRR
DQWHFHGHQWH WHUi GH VHU WDPEpP IDOVR $VVLP FRPR ar p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD r é uma
42.
a) ‫ݍ ֜ )ݎ ׽ ר ݍ~( ֜ ݌ ֞ ݍ ֜ ݎ ׽ ר ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬
֞ (~‫ݍ ֜ ))ݎ ׽ ר ݍ~( ש ݌‬
֞ ~(~‫ݍ ש ))ݎ ׽ ר ݍ~( ש ݌‬
֞ (~(~‫ݍ ש ))ݎ ׽ ר ݍ~(~ ר )݌‬
֞ (‫ݍ ש ))ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬
֞ (‫)ݎ ש ݍ ש ݍ( ר )݌ ש ݍ‬
֞ (‫)ݎ ש ݍ( ר )݌ ש ݍ‬
֞ ‫)ݎ ר ݌( ש ݍ‬
b) (‫)ݍ ש ݎ( ר )ݍ~ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݎ ׽( ר )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬
43.
a) ‫݌‬: “2)&3JDQKDRFDPSHRQDWRGHVWHDQR”
‫ݍ‬: “26/%JDQKDR MRJRGHKRMH”
$ILUPDUTXH ³2)&3JDQKDRFDPSHRQDWRGHVWHDQRH[FHWRVHR6/%JDQKDURMRJRGHKRMH´
HTXLYDOHDDILUPDUTXH ³6HR6/%QmRJDQKDURMRJRGHKRMHHQWmRR )&3JDQKDRFDPSHRQDWR
GHVWH DQR´
R TXHSRGHVHUWUDGX]LGRHPOLQJXDJHPVLPEyOLFDSRUaq ֜ p
b) ܽ: “$&DUROLQDYDLDRFLQHPD”
ܾ: “$&DUROLQDFRPHSLSRFDV”
ܿ: “2ILOPHpGHWHUURU”
$ILUPDUTXH ³$&DUROLQDQmRFRPHSLSRFDVTXDQGRYDLDRFLQHPDDPHQRVTXHRILOPH VHMDGH
WHUURU”
HTXLYDOHDDILUPDUTXH ³6HRILOPHQmRpGHWHUURUHQWmRD&DUROLQDQmRFRPHSLSRFDVTXDQGR
YDLDRFLQHPD”
RXVHMD ³6HRILOPHQmRpGHWHUURUHQWmRD&DUROLQDLUDRFLQHPDLPSOLFDTXHQmRFRPDSLSRFDV´
RTXHHPOLQJXDJHPVLPEyOLFDSRGHVHUWUDGX]LGRSRU~ ܿ ֜ (ܽ ֜ ~ܾ)
44.
a)
࢖ ࢗ ࢖ ࢗ
9 9 F
9 F 9
F 9 9
F F F
b) &RPRp ࿙ q pYHUGDGHLUDTXDQGRHDSHQDVTXDQGRp Hq WrPYDORUHVOyJLFRVGLVWLQWRVHQWmRD

SURSRVLomRp ࿙ q pHTXLYDOHQWHD(‫)݌ ׽ ר ݍ( ש )ݍ ׽ ר ݌‬
c) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ q
࢖ ࢗ ࢖ ࢗ ~(࢖ ࢗ)
9 9 F 9
9 F 9 F
F 9 9 F
F F F 9
(i) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ‫ ר‬q)
࢖ ࢗ ࢖‫ࢗ ר‬
9 9 9
9 F F
F 9 F
F F F
&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

(‫ )ݍ ר ݌‬YHULILFD-VH TXH DV SURSRVLo}HV ~(p ࿙ q H p ‫ ר‬q QmR VmR HTXLYDOHQWHV RX VHMD D
SURSRVLomR~(‫ ݌‬࿙ ‫ )ݍ ר ݌( ֞ )ݍ‬QmRpYHUGDGHLUD
(ii) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ‫ ש‬q)
࢖ ࢗ ࢖‫ࢗ ש‬
9 9 9
9 F 9
F 9 9
F F F
&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

(‫ )ݍ ש ݌‬YHULILFD-VH TXH DV SURSRVLo}HV ~(p ࿙ q H p ‫ ש‬q QmR VmR HTXLYDOHQWHV RX VHMD D
SURSRVLomR~(‫ ݌‬࿙ ‫ )ݍ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ‬QmRpYHUGDGHLUD
(iii) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ֜ q)
࢖ ࢗ ࢖֜ ࢗ
9 9 9
9 F F
F 9 9
F F 9
&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR
(‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬YHULILFD-VH TXH DV SURSRVLo}HV ~(p ࿙ q H p ֜ q QmR VmR HTXLYDOHQWHV RX VHMD D
SURSRVLomR~(‫ ݌‬࿙ ‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌( ֞ )ݍ‬QmRpYHUGDGHLUD
(iv) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ֞ q)

࢖ ࢗ ࢖֞ ࢗ
9 9 9
9 F F
F 9 F
F F 9
&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR
(‫ )ݍ ֞ ݌‬YHULILFD-VH TXH DV SURSRVLo}HV ~(p ࿙ q H p ֞ q VmR HTXLYDOHQWHV RX VHMD D
SURSRVLomR~(‫ ݌‬࿙ ‫ )ݍ ֞ ݌( ֞ )ݍ‬pYHUGDGHLUD
45.
a) &RQVLGHUHPRVDVSURSRVLo}HV
p( x )“SHUPDPtIHUR”q( x )“6HUIHOLQR”
$ H[SUHVVmR ³VHU PDPtIHUR p FRQGLomR QHFHVViULD SDUD VHU IHOLQR´ SRGH VHU WUDGX]LGD
VLPEROLFDPHQWHSRUq( x ) ֜ p( x )
b) &RQVLGHUHPRVDVSURSRVLo}HV
p ( x) “6HUP~OWLSORGH” q ( x) : “6HUP~OWLSORGH”
$ H[SUHVVmR ³VHU P~OWLSOR GH p FRQGLomR VXILFLHQWH SDUD TXH XP Q~PHUR VHMD P~OWLSOR GH ”
SRGHVHU WUDGX]LGDVLPEROLFDPHQWHSRUp( x ) ֜ q( x )
c) &RQVLGHUHPRVDVSURSRVLo}HV
p ( x, y ) :" x u y 0" q ( x, y ) :" x 0 y 0 FRP‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬Q~PHURVUHDLV”
$H[SUHVVmR³pFRQGLomRQHFHVViULDHVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHRSURGXWRGHGRLV Q~PHURVUHDLVVHMD
QXORTXHSHORPHQRVXPGHOHV VHMD]HUR´SRGHVHUWUDGX]LGDVLPEROLFDPHQWHSRUp ֞ q
46.
a) 6H‫ )ݔ(݌‬é uma FRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHP࣯HQWmR‫࣯ א ݔ׊‬, ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDLVWRp

a FRQFUHWL]DomR GD YDULiYHO ‫ ݔ‬SRU XP TXDOTXHU WHUPR GH ࣯ WUDQVIRUPD D FRQGLomR QXPD
'DTXL VH FRQFOXL TXH D SURSRVLomR ‫࣯ א ݔ׌‬: ~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD Mi TXH QmR H[LVWH
QHQKXPWHUPRGH࣯ TXHVDWLVIDoD ~ ‫)ݔ(݌‬RXVHMD ~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHP࣯
&RQFOXL-VHDVVLPTXH VH ‫ )ݔ(݌‬IRUXPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHP࣯HQWmR ~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomR
LPSRVVtYHOHP࣯
b) 6H‫ )ݔ(݌‬é uma FRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHP࣯HQWmR‫࣯ א ݔ׌‬: ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDLVWRpD
FRQFUHWL]DomR GDYDULiYHO‫ ݔ‬SRUXPTXDOTXHUWHUPR GH࣯ WUDQVIRUPDDFRQGLomRQXPDSURSRVLomR
IDOVD
'DTXLVHFRQFOXLTXHDSURSRVLomR‫࣯ א ݔ׊‬, ~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDRXVHMD ~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬é
XPDFRQGLomRXQLYHUVDO HP࣯
&RQFOXL-VHDVVLPTXH VH ‫ )ݔ(݌‬IRUXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO HP࣯HQWmR~ ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomR
XQLYHUVDO HP࣯
47.
a) $ SURSRVLomR p IDOVD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR XP UHWkQJXOR p XP TXDGULOiWHUR TXH WHP RV kQJXORV
LJXDLVHQRHQWDQWRQmRWHPRVODGRVLJXDLV
b) $ SURSRVLomR p IDOVD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR H VmR YDORUHV UHDLV WDLV TXH 2 > 3 H QR
2 2
HQWDQWRQmRVHWHPTXH 2) > ( 3)
48. 3URYDU TXH ³VH XP Q~PHUR QDWXUDO n QmR p GLYLVtYHO SRU HQWmR QmR p GLYLVtYHO SRU ´ p
HTXLYDOHQWHDSURYDUDLPSOLFDomRFRQWUDUUHFtSURFDLVWRp³VHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOn pGLYLVtYHO
SRU HQWmR p GLYLVtYHO SRU ´ $VVLP FRQVLGHUDQGR n XP Q~PHUR QDWXUDO GLYLVtYHO SRU
WHP-VHTXH
‫ א ݇׌‬Գ: ݊ = 12݇
2TXHpHTXLYDOHQWHDDILUPDUTXH
‫ א ݇׌‬Գ: ݊ = 3 × ด
4݇
େ୭୫୭ ௞‫א‬Գ, ସ୩‫א‬Գ
2XVHMD
‫ ݇׌‬ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ: ݊ = 3 × ݇ ᇱ (݇ ᇱ = 4݇)
,VWRVLJQLILFDTXHn pGLYLVtYHOSRUFRPRSUHWHQGtDPRV
49. 4XHUHPRVSURYDUTXH SDUDWRGRRQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊݊ଶ pSDUVHHVyVH݊ pSDU

6LPEROLFDPHQWH‫ א ݊׊‬Գ, ݊ଶ é par ֞ ݊ é par
(1) ݊ é par ֜ ݊ଶ é par
6HMDn XPQ~PHURQDWXUDOSDUHQWmRH[LVWH݇ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ = 2݇/RJR
݊ଶ = (2݇)ଶ
֜ ݊ଶ = 4݇ ଶ
֜ ݊ଶ = 2 × ตଶ
2݇
େ୭୫୭ ௞‫א‬Գ, ଶ୩మ ‫א‬Գ
3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2 × ݇ ᇱ (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ )LVWRp݊ଶ pSDU

(2) ݊ଶ é par ֜ ݊ é par
3URYHPRV HVWD LPSOLFDomR HP Գ GHPRQVWUDQGR D VXD LPSOLFDomR FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD LVWR p
݊ é ímpar ֜ ݊ଶ é ímpar6HMDn XPQ~PHURQDWXUDOtPSDUHQWmRH[LVWH݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ WDOTXH݊ = 2݇ + 1
/RJR
݊ଶ = (2݇ + 1)ଶ
֜ ݊ଶ = 4݇ ଶ + 4݇ + 1
֜ ݊ଶ = 2 (2݇ ଶ
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ + 2݇)
ᇧᇥ +1
େ୭୫୭ ௞‫א‬Գబ ,ୣ୬୲ ୭ ଶ୩మ ାଶ୩ ‫ א‬Գబ
3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ଴ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2݇ ᇱ + 1 (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ + 2݇)LVWRp݊ଶ é tPSDU

'HHYHPTXH݊ଶ é par ֜ ݊ é parSDUDWRGRRQ~PHURQDWXUDOn RTXHSURYDRSUHWHQGLGR
Desafios
Página 73
1.
a) $SURSRVLomRSRGHVHUUHSUHVHQWDGDSRU
x R, x B x A
b) $V GXDV SURSRVLo}HV GHSRLV GR TXDQWLILFDGRU x A x B e x B x A , VmR
HTXLYDOHQWHV SRU VHUHP D FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD XPD GD RXWUD $VVLP DV GXDV SURSRVLo}HV FRP
TXDQWLILFDGRUHV VmRHTXLYDOHQWHV
c) (POLQJXDJHPFRUUHQWHILFDULD
³4XDOTXHUTXHVHMDRUHVWDXUDQWHQmRpYHUGDGHTXHVHMDVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHEDUDWRHERP´
RX GHIRUPDPDLVLQIRUPDO “NmRKiUHVWDXUDQWHVERQVHEDUDWRV´
d) 7DPEpPHVWDpHTXLYDOHQWHjVDQWHULRUHV 'HIDFWR
~ ( x A x B ) x A x B ( x A x B ).
2.
a) $IRUPDPDLVGLUHWDGHHVFUHYHUHVWDVSURSRVLo}HVpDVHJXLQWH
s ~ v, s ~ r , v r .
b) 3RGHPRVLUSUHHQFKHQGRDWDEHODDSDUWLUGDVFROXQDVGDHVTXHUGD
s v r ~v ~r s ̱֜v s ֞~r s ‫ש‬r
9 9 9 F F F F 9
9 9 F F 9 F 9 9
9 F 9 9 F 9 F 9
9 F F 9 9 9 9 F
F 9 9 F F 9 9 9
F 9 F F 9 9 F 9
F F 9 9 F 9 9 9
F F F 9 9 9 F F
c) 6yKiGXDVOLQKDVRQGHDVWUrVSURSRVLo}HVVmRWRGDVYHUGDGHLUDVHHVWmRLGHQWLILFDGDVQDWDEHOD
DEDL[R
s v r ~v ~r s ̱֜v s ֞~r s ‫ש‬r
9 9 9 F F F F 9
9 9 F F 9 F 9 9
9 F 9 9 F 9 F 9
9 F F 9 9 9 9 F
F V V F F V V V
F 9 F F 9 9 F 9
F F V V F V V V
F F F 9 9 9 F F
d) 6XSRQGR TXH WRGDV DV DILUPDo}HVGD DOtQHD D VmR YHUGDGHLUDV Vy SRGHPRV HVWDU QD VLWXDomR
GHVFULWDQXPDGDVOLQKDVLGHQWLILFDGDVQDDOtQHDDQWHULRUR TXHPRVWUDTXHD6DUDVySRGHXVDU
FDOoDVHD5HEHFDVySRGHXVDUVDLD&RQFOXtPRVTXHVHDOJXpPOHYRXFDOoDVQXPGRVGLDVH
VDLDQRRXWURHVVHDOJXpPVySRGHVHUD9DQHVVD
Tema II – Álgebra
Unidade 1 – Radicais
Páginas 76 a 100
1.
a) 6Ha Hb VmRGRLVQ~PHURVUHDLVWDLVTXHa b 2
b) 6Ha Hb VmRGRLVQ~PHURVUHDLVWDLVTXHa b 4
c) 6HMDPa Hb GRLVQ~PHURVUHDLVWDLVTXHa bn.
3HODDOtQHDDVDEHPRVTXHa2 > b2. &RPRan > bn Ha2 > b2 Han, bn, a2 Hb2 VmR Q~PHURVUHDLV
SRVLWLYRVHQWmRan × a2 > bn × b2 ฻ an + 2 > bn + 2.
2.
x 6HMDP a Hb GRLVQ~PHURVUHDLVWDLVTXHa ܽ௡
֞ ܽ௡ < ܾ ௡ FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
x 6HMDP a Hb GRLVQ~PHURVUHDLVWDLVTXHa ܾ ௡ FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
3.
a) &RPR‫ܣ‬୯୳ୟୢ୰ୟୢ୭ = ݈ ଶ , então ݈ = ξ36 = 6 FP
య
b) &RPR ܸୡ୳ୠ୭ = ܽଷ , então ܽ = ξ8 = 2 FP
c) ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ = 9ߨ ֞ ‫ ݎ‬ଶ = 9
&RPR‫ > ݎ‬0HQWmR‫ = ݎ‬ξ9RXVHMD‫ = ݎ‬3 FP.
4.
ఱ
a) ‫ ݔ‬ହ = െ32 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξെ32 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
C.S. = { 2}
ర
b) ‫ ݔ‬ସ = 16 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ16 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±2
C.S. = { 2, 2}
భబ
c) ‫ݔ‬ଵ଴ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
C.S. = {0}
5.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 100 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ100 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±10
C.S. = { 10, 10}
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 1000 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬యξ1000 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬10
C.S. = {10}
ర
c) ‫ ݔ‬ସ = 10 000 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ10 000 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±10
C.S. = { 10, 10}
d) ‫ ݔ‬ହ = െ10 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ఱξെ10
ఱ
C.S. = { ξെ10}
e) ‫ = ଺ ݔ‬െ10
ETXDomRLPSRVVtYHO
C.S. = { }
ళ
f) ‫ = ଻ ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
C.S. = {0}
ఴ
g) ‫ = ଼ ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±1
C.S. = { 1, 1}
h) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ3
C.S. = {െξ3, ξ3}
i) ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ସ = െ3
ETXDomRLPSRVVtYHO
C.S. = { }
ଶହ ଶହ ହ
j) 9‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 24 = 1 ֞ 9‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 25 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ֞‫=ݔ‬±ට ֞‫=ݔ‬±
ଽ ଽ ଷ
ହ ହ
C.S. = ቄെ , ቅ
ଷ ଷ
6. ‫୲ܣ‬୭୲ୟ୪ = 300 ֞ 6ܽଶ = 300 ֞ ܽଶ = 50 ֞ ܽ = ±ξ50

&RPRܽ > 0HQWmRܽ = ξ50 FP
7.
a) 2ξ3 + 4ξ3 െ ξ3 = 5ξ3
య య య
b) ξ2 െ 6ξ2 = െ5ξ2
ళ ళ ళ
ళ ξିଶ ଶ ξିଶ ξିଶ ଷ ళ
c) ξെ2 + = + = ξെ2
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξଷ ξଷ ଵଶξଷ ξଷ ଵଷξଷ
d) 3ξ2 + 4ξ3 െ ξ2 + = 3ξ2 െ ξ2 െ 4ξ3 + = 2ξ2 + + = 2ξ2 +
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
8.
a) ξ2 × ξ3 × ξ5 = ξ30
య య య
b) 5ξ2 × 2ξ2 = 10ξ4
య
య ξିଶ య ଺ య య య య య
c) 6ξെ2 × +2ξ4 = ξ4 + 2ξ4 = 3ξ4 + 2ξ4 = 5ξ4
ଶ ଶ
ଶ
d) ൫2 + ξ5൯൫2 െ ξ5൯ = 2ଶ െ ൫ξ5൯ = 4 െ 5 = െ1
9.
ଶ ଶ
൫ξ5൯ = ݈ ଶ + ൫ξ3൯ ֞ 5 = ݈ ଶ + 3 ֞ ݈ ଶ = 2 ֞ ݈ = ±ξ2
&RPR݈ > 0HQWmR݈ = ξ2.
a) ܲ୰ୣ୲୬୥୳୪୭ = (2ξ3 + 2ξ2FP
b) ‫ܣ‬୰ୣ୲୬୥୳୪୭ = ξ3 × ξ2 = ξ6 cmଶ
10. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOn ‫ א‬Գ SDUHm ‫ א‬Գ SDU

௠ ೙
6XSRQKDPRVTXH൫ ξܽ ൯ = ξܽ௠ .
೙
(QWmR
೙ ௠ାଵ ೙ ௠ ೙
൫ ξܽ ൯ = ൫ ξܽ ൯ × ξܽ
೙ ೙
= ξܽ ௠ × ξܽ
೙
= ξܽ௠ × ܽ
೙
= ξܽ௠ାଵ FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU.
11.
a) ξ5 ଶ + ඥ(െ5)ଶ = 5 + |െ5| = 5 + 5 = 10
/RJRDSURSRVLomRpIDOVD
య య
b) ξ5 ଷ + ඥ(െ5)ଷ = 5 + (െ5) = 0
/RJRDSURSRVLomRpYHUGDGHLUD
ଶ ଶ
c) ൫3 ξ5൯ = 3ଶ × ൫ξ5൯ = 9 × 5 = 45
ଶ ଶ
d) ൫ξ5 െ 2൯ = ൫ξ5൯ െ 4ξ5 + 4 = 5 െ 4ξ5 + 4 = 9 െ 4ξ5
12.
ξସହ ସହ
a) ξ3 × (2 െ ξ5)ଶ + = ξ3 × (4 െ 4ξ5 + 5) + ට = ξ3 × (9 െ 4ξ5) + ξ15
ξଷ ଷ
= 9ξ3 െ 4ξ15 + ξ15 = 9ξ3 െ 3ξ15
య య య య
b) 5ξ12 ‫ ׷‬ξെ3 = 5ඥ12 ‫( ׷‬െ3) = 5ξെ4
ିଵ
ଶ ξଶ ଶ ିଵ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ
c) ቆට ቇ × = ටቀ ቁ ×ට = ටଶ × ටଷ = ටଶ × ଷ = ξ1 = 1
ଷ ξଷ ଷ ଷ
13. &RQVLGHUHPRVܽ = 1 Hܾ = 4.

ξܽ + ܾ = ξ1 + 4 = ξ5
ξܽ + ξܾ = ξ1 + ξ4 = 1 + 2 = 3 QRWDTXH ξ9)
6DEHPRVTXHξ5 ് 3ORJR DSURSRVLomRξܽ + ܾ = ξܽ + ξܾ pIDOVD
14.
a) ‫ ܣ‬+ ‫ = ܤ‬ξ5 + ൫2 െ 4ξ5൯ = ξ5 + 2 െ 4ξ5 = 2 െ 3ξ5
b) 3‫ ܣ‬െ ‫ = ܤ‬3ξ5 െ ൫2 െ 4ξ5൯ = 3ξ5 െ 2 + 4ξ5 = െ2 + 7ξ5
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
c) (‫ ܣ‬െ ‫)ܤ‬ଶ = ቀξ5 െ ൫2 െ 4ξ5൯ቁ = ൫ξ5 െ 2 + 4ξ5൯ = ൫5ξ5 െ 2൯ = ൫5ξ5൯ െ 20ξ5 + 4
= 25 × 5 െ 20ξ5 + 4 = 129 െ 20ξ5
ଶ
d) ‫ = ܤ × ܣ‬ξ5൫2 െ 4ξ5൯ = 2ξ5 െ 4 × ൫ξ5൯ = 2ξ5 െ 4 × 5 = െ20 + 2ξ5
య
e) యξ‫ = ܣ‬ඥξ5 = లξ5
f) ξ‫ ܣ‬+ ‫ = ܥ‬ඥξ5 + రξ5 = రξ5 + రξ5 = 2ξ5
ర
ర
g) ‫ ܤ‬+ ‫ ܥ‬ସ = ൫2 െ 4ξ5൯ + (ξ5 )ସ = 2 െ 4ξ5 + 5 = 7 െ 4ξ5
15.
ర ర ల ల
a) ξ9 = 3 ξ9ଶ = ξ81 = 3 ξ9ଷ = ξ729 = 3
ల ర
$VVLPFRQFOXtPRVTXHξ9ଷ = ξ9ଶ = ξ9 .
b) ξ2଺ = ξ64 = 8
య య
ඥ 2ଽ = ඥ 2ଷ × 2ଷ × 2ଷ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
ర ర
ඥ2ଵଶ = ξ2ସ × 2ସ × 2ସ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
ర య
&RQFOXtPRVDVVLPTXHξ2ଵଶ = ξ2ଽ = ξ2଺ = 8.
16.
a) 3u 4 2 2u2
32 u 4 2 4
9u 4 2 4
18
3u2
b) 3
5u 6 4 52 u 6 4 6
25 u 6 4 6
100
c) 2 4 4 6 8 8 16 2 2u2 22 2u3 23 2u4 24 2 2 2 2 =4 2
17. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYR6HMD‫ ݔ‬DUDL]tQGLFHGHܽ଺ RQGH‫ > ݔ‬0. (QWmR

8
x a6 ฻ ‫ ଺ܽ = ଼ ݔ‬SRUGHILQLomR
฻ (‫ ݔ‬ସ )ଶ = (ܽଷ )ଶ
ด ‫ ݔ‬ସ = ܽଷ
฻
௔య வ ଴
ర
฻ ‫ = ݔ‬ξܽଷ SRUGHILQLomR
ఴ ర
$VVLPSURYiPRVTXHξܽ଺ = ξܽଷ .
Outro processo
3 2
ర
8
a6 4u2
a 3u2 4
a ณ
= ξܽଷ
୮୭୧ୱ ௔య வ଴
18. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYRHVHMDP݊, ݉ H‫ ݌‬Q~PHURVQDWXUDLV

೙×೛ ೙ ೛
೙
ξܽ௠×௣ = ට ඥ(ܽ௠ )௣ = ξܽ௠ SRLVܽ௠ > 0
Outro processo
6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYRVHMDP݊, ݉ H‫ ݌‬Q~PHURVQDWXUDLVH‫ ݔ‬DUDL]tQGLFH݊‫ ݌‬GHܽ௠௣ ,
RQGH‫ ݔ‬pSRVLWLYR
೙೛
‫ = ݔ‬ξܽ௠௣ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬௡௣ = ܽ௠௣ SRUGHILQLomR
฻ (‫ ݔ‬௡ )௣ = (ܽ௠ )௣
೛
฻ ‫ ݔ‬௡ = ඥ(ܽ௠ )௣ SRLV‫ ݔ‬௡ > 0
฻ ‫ ݔ‬௡ = ܽ௠
೙
ด ‫ = ݔ‬ξܽ௠ SRUGHILQLomR
฻
௫வ଴
೙೛ ೙
3URYiPRVDVVLPTXH ξܽ௠௣ = ξܽ௠ .
19.
ఱ ఱ
ξଶ భబ ఱ ξଶ భబ 486 2
a) ఱξ486 + െ ξ4 = ξ3ହ × 2 + െ ξ2ଶ
ଷ ଷ
ఱ 81
ఱ ξଶ ఱ
= 3ξ2 + െξ2 27
ଷ 9
ఱ ఱ ఱ
ଽ ξଶ ξଶ ଷ ξଶ
= + െ 1
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ఱ
଻ ξଶ
=
ଷ
వ వ
ξସ ଴ଽ଺ ଴଴଴ య
ඥଶభఱ ×ହయ య 4096000 2
b) య െξ5 = య െξ5
2048000 2
ξସ ξସ
వ 1024000 2
ඥଶభఱ × వξହయ య 512000 2
= య െξ5 256000 2
ξସ 128000 2
య 64000 2
ඥଶఱ × యξହ య
= య െξ5 2
ξଶమ 16000 2
య 8000 2
ඥଶఱ య య 4000 2
= య × ξ5 െξ5
2000 2
ξଶమ
య య య 1000 2
= ξ2ଷ × ξ5 െ ξ5 500 2
య య 250 2
= 2ξ5 െ ξ5 125 5
= ξ5
య 25 5
5 5
1
ర ర
ξଵଵ ర ξଵଵ
c) రξ275 × ξ5 + = ξ5ଶ × 11 × ξ5 + 275 5
ଷ ଷ
ర 55 5
ర ξଵଵ
= ξ5ଶ × ξ11 × ξ5 +
ర
11 11
ଷ 1
ర
ర ξଵଵ
= ξ5 × ξ11 × ξ5 +
ଷ
ర
ర ξଵଵ
= 5 × ξ11 +
ଷ
ర ర
ଵହ× ξଵଵ ξଵଵ
= +
ଷ ଷ
ర
ଵ଺ ξଵଵ
=
ଷ
ల ల ల ల
ξ଻ ల ల ξ଻ ల ξ଻ ల ξ଻
d) యξ5 × ξ5 × లξ35 + = ξ5ଶ × ξ5ଷ × ξ35 +
ల
= ξ5ଶ × 5ଷ × 35 + = ξ5ଶ × 5ଷ × 7 × 5 +
ସ ସ ସ ସ
ల
ల ξ଻
= ξ5଺ × 7 +
ସ
ల
ల ξ଻
= 5ξ7 +
ସ
ల ల
20ξ7 ξ7
= +
4 4
ల
21ξ7
=
4
ହ భఱ ହ
య
ξଶ× ξଷ
ఱ ඥଶఱ × భఱξଷయ
e) ൬ ൰ య
െξ3 = ൬ ൰ െ ξ3
య 2
భఱ భఱ
ξଷ଺ ξଶమ ×ଷమ 18 2
ହ
9
భఱ
ξ2ହ × 3ଷ య

= ቆ భఱ ቇ െ ξ3 1
ξ2ଶ × 3ଶ
ହ
2ହ × 3ଷ
భఱ
య
=ቌ ඨ ଶ ቍ െ ξ3
2 × 3ଶ
భఱ య
ହ
= ቀ ඥ2ଷ × 3ቁ െ ξ3
భఱ య
= ඥ(2ଷ × 3)ହ െ ξ3
భఱ య
= ඥ2ଵହ × 3ହ െ ξ3
భఱ య
= 2 ඥ3ହ െ ξ3
య య
= 2ξ3 െ ξ3
య
= ξ3
య ଶ య ଶ
f) ඥ2ξ5 × ξ5 × యξ5 െ ൫ξ2
య య య య య
െ 1൯ = ξ2 × ඥξ5 × ξ5 × ξ5 െ ቀ൫ξ2൯ െ 2ξ2 + 1ቁ
భ భ భ భ
య య
= 2య × 5ల × 5మ × 5య െξ4 + 2ξ2 െ 1
భ భ భ భ
ା ା య య
=2 ×5 య ల మ య െξ4 + 2ξ2 െ 1
భ భ య మ
ା ା య య
= 2య × 5 ల ల ల െξ4 + 2ξ2 െ 1
ଵ య య
= 2ଷ × 5ଵ െ ξ4 + 2ξ2 െ 1
య య య
= 5ξ2 െ ξ4 + 2ξ2 െ 1
య య
= 7ξ2 െ ξ4 െ 1
ల య భమ ల య ల ల భమ
g) ൫2ξ9 + 3ξ3൯ × ඥξ162 െ ξ4଻ = ൫2 ξ9 + 3ξ3ଶ ൯ × ξ162 െ ඥ(2ଶ )଻ 162 2
ల ల
= 5ξ9 × ඥ2 × 3ସ െ ඥ2ଵସ
భమ
81
ల ల 27
= 5 ඥ3ଶ × 2 × 3ସ െ ξ2଻ 9
ల ల
= 5 ඥ 3଺ × 2 െ ඥ2଺ × 2
ల ల
= 5 × 3 × ξ2 െ 2ξ2 1
ల ల
= 15ξ2 െ 2ξ2
ల
= 13ξ2
20.
250 2
a) ξ250 = ξ2 × 5ଶ × 5 = 5ξ10
125 5
య
b) యξ250 = ξ2 × 5ଷ = 5ξ2
య
25 5
5 5
1
1008 2
c) ξ1008 = ξ2ଶ × 2ଶ × 3ଶ × 7 = 12ξ7
504 2
252 2
126 2

21
7 7
1
య
d) యξ1008 = ξ2ଷ × 2 × 3ଶ × 7 = 2ξ126
య
ర
e) రξ1008 = ξ2ସ × 3ଶ × 7 = 2ξ63
ర
21.
ଵ ξଶ ξଶ
a) = మ =
ξଶ ൫ξଶ൯ ଶ
଺ ଺ξଷ ଺ξଷ
b) = మ = = 2ξ3
ξଷ ൫ξଷ൯ ଷ
ξଶ ξଶ×ξଷ ξ଺
c) = మ =
ξଷ ൫ξଷ൯ ଷ
య య య
ଵ ξଶమ ξସ ξସ
d) య = య య = య =
ξଶ ξଶ× ξଶమ ξଶయ ଶ
ర ర ర ర
ଶ ଶ ξଷయ ଶ ξଶ଻ ଶ ξଶ଻ ଶ ξଶ଻
e) ర = ర ర = ర = =
ହ ξଷ ହ ξଷ× ξଷయ ହ ξଷర ହ×ଷ ଵହ
ଶ ଶ൫ସାξଷ൯ ଼ାଶξଷ ଼ାଶξଷ ଼ାଶξଷ

f) = = మ = =
ସିξଷ ൫ସିξଷ൯൫ସାξଷ൯ ସమ ି൫ξଷ൯ ଵ଺ିଷ ଵଷ
ξଶ ξଶ൫ξଷିξ଺൯ ξ଺ିξଵଶ ξ଺ିξଵଶ ξ଺ିξଵଶ 12 2

g) = = మ మ = = = 6 2
ξଷାξ଺ ൫ξଷାξ଺൯൫ξଷିξ଺൯ ൫ξଷ൯ ି൫ξ଺൯ ଷି଺ ିଷ

ξ଺ିξଵଶ ξ଺ିଶξଷ 1
=െ ଷ
=െ
ଷ
ξଷାξ଺ ൫ξଷାξ଺൯ξଶ ξ଺ାξଵଶ ξ଺ାଶξଷ

h) = మ = =
ξଶ ൫ξଶ൯ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଶξଷାସξହ ଶξଷାସξହ ଶξଷାସξହ ଶξଷାସξହ ξଷାଶξହ
i) = మ మ = = = =
ଶξଷିସξହ ൫ଶξଷ൯ ି൫ସξହ൯ ସ×ଷିଵ଺×ହ ଵଶି଼଴ ି଺଼ ିଷସ
22. ξ5 ‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ฻ ξ5‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ = ݔ‬3 ฻ ൫ξ5 + 2൯‫ = ݔ‬3

ଷ
฻‫=ݔ‬
ξହାଶ
ଷ൫ξହିଶ൯
฻‫=ݔ‬
൫ξହାଶ൯൫ξହିଶ൯
ଷξହି଺
฻‫=ݔ‬
ହିସ
฻ ‫ = ݔ‬3ξ5 െ 6
C.S. = ൛3ξ5 െ 6ൟ
23.
180 2
ξଷହ ଵ଴ ଷହ ଵ଴ξହ 90 2
a) െ2ξ180 + = ට െ2 × 6ξ5 +
ξ଻ ξହ ଻ ହ 45
15
= ξ5 െ 12ξ5 + 2ξ5 5 5
= െ9ξ5 1
ξ180 = 6ξ5
ర ଵ ర ଵ 1875
b) రξ1875 + ඥξ12 × ට ర
= 5ξ3 + ξ12 ×
ర
ට
ସ ସ 625 5
125 5
ర ଵଶ 25 5
ర
= 5ξ3 + ට 5 5
ସ
1
ర ర ర
= 5ξ3 + ξ3 = 6ξ3
1875 = 3 × 5ସ
24.
a) 6HMD ‫ ݔ‬DPHGLGDGDDUHVWDGRRFWDHGUR 2
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
‫ = ݔ‬4 + 4 ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬16 + 16 ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬32 ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬±ξ32 ଶ 16 2
8 2
&RPR‫ > ݔ‬0, ‫ = ݔ‬ξ32LVWRp‫ = ݔ‬4ξ2 FP 4 2
b) ܲ୤ୟୡୣ ୭ୡ୲ୟୣୢ୰୭ = 3 × 4ξ2 = 12ξ2 FP 2 2
1
ସξଶ×௛
c) ‫ܣ‬୤ୟୡୣ ୭ୡ୲ୟୣୢ୰୭ =
ଶ Cálculos auxiliares
4ξ2 × 2ξ6 ଶ ଶ
= ൫4ξ2൯ = ൫2ξ2൯ + ݄ଶ
2
฻ 32 = 8 + ݄ଶ
8ξ12
= ฻ 24 = ݄ଶ
2
= 4ξ12 ฻ ݄ = ±ξ24
= 4 × 2ξ3 &RPR݄ > 0, ݄ = ξ24, RXVHMD݄ = 2ξ6 FP
ଶ
= 8ξ3 cm
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶହ଺
d) ܸ୭ୡ୲ୟୣୢ୰୭ = 2 × ܸ୮୧୰୫୧ୢୣ = 2 × × ൫4ξ2൯ × 4 = 2 × × 16 × 2 × 4 = cmଷ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
25.
a) ඥ9 + 4ξ5 = 2 + ξ5 p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD VH D UDL] TXDGUDGD GH 9 + 4ξ5 IRU 2 + ξ5,
ଶ
LVWRpVH൫2 + ξ5൯ = 9 + 4ξ5.
ଶ ଶ
൫2 + ξ5൯ = 2ଶ + 2 × 2ξ5 + ൫ξ5൯ = 4 + 4ξ5 + 5 = 9 + 4ξ5
/RJRFRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ9 + 4ξ5 = 2 + ξ5 pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) ඥ29 + 12ξ5 = 3 + 2ξ5 p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD VH D UDL] TXDGUDGD GH 29 + 12ξ5 IRU
ଶ
3 + 2ξ5LVWRpVH൫3 + 2ξ5൯ = 29 + 12ξ5.
ଶ ଶ
൫3 + 2ξ5൯ = 3ଶ + 2 × 3 × 2ξ5 + ൫2ξ5൯ = 9 + 12ξ5 + 20 = 29 + 12ξ5
/RJRFRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ29 + 12ξ5 = 3 + 2ξ5 pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
26.
ଶ
a) ൫ܽ + ܾξܿ൯ = 11 െ 6ξ2 ฻ ܽଶ + 2ܾܽξܿ + ܾ ଶ × ܿ = 11 െ 6ξ2
฻ (ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ) + 2ܾܽ ξܿ = 11 െ 6ξ2
ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ = 11
฻൜
2ܾܽ ξܿ = െ6ξ2
ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ = 11
฻ ൝ 2ܾܽ = െ6
ܿ=2
ܽଶ + 2ܾ ଶ = 11
฻ ൝ ܾܽ = െ3
___________
______________
ଷ
฻ቊ ܽ = െ , pois ܾ ് 0
௕
_______________
ଷ ଶ
ቀെ ቁ + 2ܾ ଶ = 11
௕
฻ ቐ ___________________
___________________
ଽ
+ 2ܾ ଶ = 11
௕మ
฻ ቐ___________________
___________________
9 + 2(ܾ ଶ )ଶ = 11ܾ ଶ
฻ ൝ ___________________
___________________
2(ܾ ଶ )ଶ െ 11ܾ ଶ + 9 = 0
฻ ൝ ___________________
___________________
ଵଵ±ඥ(ିଵଵ)మ ିସ×ଶ×ଽ
ܾଶ =
ଶ×ଶ
฻ ቐ ___________________
___________________
ଵଵ±ξସଽ
ܾଶ =
ସ
฻ ቐ___________________
___________________
ଽ
ܾଶ = ܾଶ = 1 &RPRܾ ‫ א‬ԺHQWmRܾ ଶ ‫ א‬ԺORJR
ଶ
฻ ቐ___________________ ‫ ש‬൝ _________ ଽ
QmRSRGHPRVWHUܾ ଶ = .
___________________ __________ ଶ
ܾ=1 ܾ = െ1
ଷ ିଷ
฻ ൝ܽ = െ ‫ש‬ ൝ܽ =
ଵ ିଵ
_______ ______
ܾ=1 ܾ = െ1
฻ ൝ܽ = െ3 ‫ש‬ ൝ ܽ=3
ܿ=2 ܿ=2
฻ ܽ + ܾξܿ = െ3 + ξ2 ‫ ܽ ש‬+ ܾξܿ = 3 െ ξ2
&RPR െ3 + ξ2 p XP Q~PHUR QHJDWLYR QmR SRGH VHU D UDL] TXDGUDGD GH 11 െ 6ξ2 /RJR
FRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ11 െ 6ξ2 = 3 െ ξ2.

ଶ
b) ൫ܽ + ܾξܿ൯ = 9 + 4ξ2 ฻ ܽଶ + 2ܾܽξܿ + ܾ ଶ × ܿ = 9 + 4ξ2
฻ (ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ) + 2ܾܽ ξܿ = 9 + 4ξ2
ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ = 9
฻൜
2ܾܽ ξܿ = 4ξ2
ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ ܿ = 9
฻ ൝ 2ܾܽ = 4
ܿ=2
ܽଶ + 2ܾ ଶ = 9
฻ ൝ ܾܽ = 2
___________
ଶ
‫ ۓ‬൬2൰ + 2ܾ ଶ = 9
ۖ ܾ
฻ 2
‫ = ܽ۔‬, pois ܾ ് 0
ۖ ܾ
‫___________________ ە‬
4
+ 2ܾ ଶ = 9
ܾଶ
฻ ቐ___________________
___________________
4 2(ܾ ଶ )ଶ 9ܾ ଶ
ଶ
+ = ଶ
ܾଶ ܾ
฻ ቐܾ___________________
___________________
4 + 2(ܾ ଶ )ଶ = 9ܾ ଶ
฻ ൝ ___________________
___________________
2(ܾ ଶ )ଶ െ 9ܾ ଶ + 4 = 0
฻ ൝ ____________________
____________________
9 ± ඥ(െ9)ଶ െ 4 × 2 × 4
ܾଶ =
฻൞ 4
_____________________________
_____________________________
9 ± ξ49
ܾଶ =
฻൞ 4
___________________
___________________
ଽ±଻
ܾଶ =
ସ
฻ ቐ___________________
___________________
ܾଶ = 4 1 &RPRܾ ‫ א‬ԺHQWmRܾ ଶ ‫ א‬ԺORJR

ܾଶ = ଵ
2
฻ ൝___________ ‫ ש‬ቐ__________ QmRSRGHPRVWHUܾ ଶ = .
ଶ
___________ __________
ܾ=2 ܾ = െ2
2 2
฻ ൞ܽ = ‫ש‬ ൞ܽ =
2 െ2
ܿ=2 ܿ=2
ܾ=2 ܾ = െ2
฻ ൝ܽ = 1 ‫ש‬ ൝ܽ = െ1
ܿ=2 ܿ=2
฻ ܽ + ܾξܿ = 1 + 2ξ2 ‫ש‬ ܽ + ܾξܿ = െ1 െ 2ξ2
&RPR െ1 െ 2ξ2 p XP Q~PHUR QHJDWLYR QmR SRGH VHU D UDL] TXDGUDGD GH 9 + 4ξ2. /RJR
FRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ9 + 4ξ2 = 1 + 2ξ2.
Unidade 2 – Potências de expoente racional

Páginas 101 a 105
27.
ଵ ିଷ
a) 10ସ ÷ (2ଷ × 5ଷ ) × ቀଵ଴ቁ ÷ 5ସ = 10ସ ÷ 10ଷ × 10ଷ ÷ 5ସ = 10 × 10ଷ ÷ 5ସ = 10ସ ÷ 5ସ = 2ସ = 16
షమ
൫ଵ଼షయ × ଶషయ ൯‫଺ ׷‬ల ൫ଷ଺షయ ൯ ‫଺ ׷‬ల ଷ଺ల ÷଺ల ଺ల ଺ల
b) భ భర
= = భ షభర భ షభబ
= = = 6ଶ = 36
൤ଵ଴଴బ :ቀ ቁ ൨ ‫଺([׷‬మ )షఱ : (ଷ଺ఱ )షమ ] [ଵ‫଺ ׷‬షభర ]‫଺[ ׷‬షభబ : ଷ଺ షభబ ]
ቀ ቁ ÷ቀ ቁ ଺భర ÷଺భబ ଺ర
ల ల ల
28.
భ
a) 16మ = ξ16 = 4
భ
b) 64య = యξ64 = 4
భ
c) 81ర = రξ81 = 3
మ
య
d) 27య = ξ27ଶ = యඥ(3ଷ )ଶ = యඥ(3ଶ )ଷ = 9
య
e) 16ర = రξ16ଷ = రඥ(2ସ )ଷ = రඥ(2ଷ )ସ = 8
ళ
f) 16ర = రξ16଻ = రඥ(2ସ )଻ = రඥ(2଻ )ସ = 2଻ = 128
29.
భ ଵ ଵ ଵ
a) 25ିమ = భ = =
ξଶହ ହ
ଶହమ
భ ଵ ଵ ଵ
b) 8ିయ = భ = య =
ξ଼ ଶ
଼య
భ ଵ ଵ ଵ
c) 81ିర = భ = ర =
଼ଵర ξ଼ଵ ଷ
మ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
d) 64ିయ = మ = య = య = య = భమ = =
ξ଺ସమ ඥ(ଶల )మ ξଶభమ ଶర ଵ଺
଺ସ య ଶయ
30.
భ మ య
ర ర ర
a) ܽర × ܽర = రξܽ × ξܽଶ = ξܽ × ܽଶ = ξܽଷ = ܽర
మ య భళ
య ర భమ భమ భమ భమ
b) ܽయ × ܽర = ξܽଶ × ξܽଷ = ξ଼ܽ × ξܽଽ = ξ଼ܽ × ܽଽ = ξܽଵ଻ = ܽ భమ
భ భ
ఱ య ఱ య
ర
c) ቀܽర ቁ = ൫ξܽ ଷ ൯ఱ = ඥ రξܽ ଷ = మబξܽ ଷ = ܽ మబ
భయ
భబ
଺భ,య ଺భబ ξ଺భయ భబ ଺భయ భయ
d) = భయ = భబ = ට = భబ
ξ3ଵଷ = 3భబ = 3ଵ,ଷ
ଶభ,య ξଶభయ ଶభయ
ଶభబ
య
ర ర
௔ర ξ௔య ξ௔య ర ௔య భ
e) భ = మ = ర =ට ర
= ξܽ = ܽ ర
ξ௔ ξ௔మ ௔మ
௔మ
31.
మ మ ర ర ళ
మ )య ×ଶ శభ ళ భ
ସ య ×ଶ (ଶ ଶయ ×ଶ ଶయ ଶయ
a) ඨ భ =ඨ భ =ඨ భ =ඨ మ =ඨ భ = ට2యିయ = ξ2ଶ = 2
ସల ସల (ଶమ )ల ଶల ଶయ
మ మ మ మ మ మ
ଵ଴య ×ଶయ ÷ସయ ି
భ ଶ଴య ÷ସ య ଵ ହయ ଵ మ భ ଵ ర భ ଵ భ ଵ
b) +5 మ = + భ = భ + భ = 5యିల + = 5లିల + = 5మ +
భ మ మ
ξହ ξହ ξହ
ቆହభమ ቇ ହభమ ହమ ହల ହమ
మ
ଵ ൫ξହ൯ ଵ ହାଵ ଺ ଺ξହ
= ξ5 + = + = = =
ξହ ξହ ξହ ξହ ξହ ହ
భ య య య భ భ
ష ష య
଺బ,ళఱ ×଺ ర ସቀ ξହቁ ଺ర ×଺ ర ସ×ହ ଺మ ଶ଴ భ ଶ଴ ଶ଴ ξଶ× ξସ ଶ଴
c) భ మ
+ య = మ + య = భ + య = 2మ + య = ξ2 + య = య + య
ξସ ଷర ξସ ଷమ ξସ ξସ ξସ ξସ ξସ
ቆଷర ቇ
భ మ య ర ళ
య శ
ξଶ× ξଶమ ଶ଴ ଶమ ×ଶయ ାଶ଴ ଶల ల ାଶ଴ ଶల ାଶ଴
= య +య = య = య = య
ξସ ξସ ξସ ξସ ξସ
ల ల ల య ల య య
ξଶళ ାଶ଴ ଶ ξଶାଶ଴ ቀଶ ξଶାଶ଴ቁ ξଶ ଶ ξଶ× ξଶାଶ଴ ξଶ
= య = య = య =
ξସ ξଶమ ξଶయ ଶ
= లξ2 × లξ2ଶ + 10ξ2

య ల
= ξ2ଷ + 10ξ2 = ξ2 + 10ξ2
య య
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 106 a 113
1. (A) 7ξെ10 = െ7ξ10, DILUPDomRIDOVD
ଵସξଵ଴
(B) 0HWDGH GH 14ξ10 p LJXDO D = 7ξ10, ORJR D DILUPDomR SUHVHQWH QHVWD RSomR p
ଶ
YHUGDGHLUD
(C) 2SURGXWRGH7ξ10 SRU2ξ10 pLJXDOD7ξ10 × 2ξ10 = 14ξ100 = 140, TXHpGLIHUHQWHGH
14ξ10ORJR DDILUPDomRSUHVHQWHQHVWDRSomRpIDOVD
(D) 10ξ10 + 4ξ10 = 14ξ10ORJR DDILUPDomRSUHVHQWHQHVWDRSomR14ξ20 = 10ξ10 + 4ξ10)
pIDOVD
Opção (B)
଼ξସ଴
2. (A) 0HWDGHGH8ξ40 pLJXDOD = 4ξ40 = 4 × 2ξ10 = 8ξ10, TXHpGLIHUHQWHGH 8 5 .
ଶ
(B) $VRPDGH2ξ12 FRP2ξ8 pLJXDOD2ξ12 + 2ξ8 = 2 × 2ξ3 + 2 × 2ξ2 = 4ξ3 + 4ξ2, TXHp
GLIHUHQWHGH8ξ5.
(C) 2GREURGH2ξ10 pLJXDOD2 × 2ξ10 = 4ξ10, TXHpGLIHUHQWHGHξ5.
(D) 2SURGXWRGH2ξ10 SRU2ξ2 pLJXDOD2ξ10 × 2ξ2 = 4ξ20 = 4 × 2ξ5 = 8ξ5.
Opção (D)
3. ÈUHDGRTXDGUDGR= ݈ ଶ , RQGH݈ = ξ2 + ξ6.

ଶ ଶ ଶ
$VVLPÁUHD= ൫ξ2 + ξ6൯ = ൫ξ2൯ + 2 × ξ2 × ξ6 + ൫ξ6൯ = 2 + 2ξ12 + 6 = 8 + 2 × 2ξ3 = 8 + 4ξ3
Opção (C)
య ఱ య ఱ వ భబ భవ
ା
= ܽభమାభమ = ܽభమ = ξܽଵଽ
భమ
4. ܽర × ܽల = ܽ ర ల
Opção (C)
5. 1DV RSo}HV $ % H & QmR VH HQFRQWUDP DILUPDo}HV QHFHVVDULDPHQWH YHUGDGHLUDV SRLV
H[LVWHPQ~PHURVUHDLVSRVLWLYRVa Hb HQ~PHURVUHDLVc TXHDVWUDQVIRUPDPHPSURSRVLo}HV
IDOVDV3RUH[HPSORVHܽ = 4, ܾ = 3 e ܿ = െ3 WHP-VHTXH
xᇣᇧᇤ
ξ4 െ
ᇧᇥ ด െ ξ3 = 2 െ ξ3 (FDOVD)
3 = ξ4
ଵ ଶ
xᇣ
ξᇧ
4ᇤᇧᇥ
+ ξ4 + ξ3 (FDOVD)
3 = ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ξ଻ ଶାξଷ
ด (FDOVD)
ඥ(െ3)ଶ = െ3
x ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ଷ ିଷ
&RPRܽ pXPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYRVDEHPRVVHUVHPSUHYHUGDGHTXH(ξܽ)ଶ = ܽ.
Opção (D)
భ
భ య
య భ మ భ భ భ భ
6. ටඥξ3 = ൭ቀ3 ቁ ൱ = 3మ మ య = 3భమ
× ×
మ
Opção (C)
య
7. ඨ3 + ට23 + ඥ6 + ξ4 = ට3 + ඥ23 + ξ6 + 2 = ට3 + ඥ23 + ξ8 = ඥ3 + ξ23 + 2 = ඥ3 + ξ25
య య
= ξ3 + 5 = ξ8 = 2ξ2
Opção (B)
஺஼ തതതത
തതതത ×஻஽ ൫଻ାଶξଷ൯×൫଻ିଶξଷ൯
8. ÈUHDORVDQJR [‫= ]ܦܥܤܣ‬ =
ଶ ଶ
మ
଻మ ି൫ଶξଷ൯
=
ଶ
ସଽିସ×ଷ
=
ଶ
ଷ଻
=
ଶ
Opção (A)
9. ÈUHDSDUWHVRPEUHDGD ÈUHD[ܴܲܳܵ] = തതതത
ܲܳ ଶ = 7 െ 2ξ5
Cálculo auxiliar
തതതതଶ = തതതത
ܲܳ തതതത ଶ
‫ ܲܣ‬ଶ + ‫ܳܣ‬
ଶ
തതതതଶ = 1ଶ + ൫ξ5 െ 1൯
฻ ܲܳ
ଶ
തതതതଶ = 1 + ൫ξ5൯ െ 2 × ξ5 + 1ଶ
฻ ܲܳ
തതതതଶ = 1 + 5 െ 2ξ5 + 1
฻ ܲܳ
Opção (A) തതതതଶ = 7 െ 2ξ5
฻ ܲܳ
య మ×య య×మ ల ల ల
10. ξ2 × ξ5 = ξ2ଵ×ଷ × ξ5ଵ×ଶ = ξ8 × ξ25 = ξ200
Opção (C)
11. ݀ ଶ = (6‫)ݎ‬ଶ + (6‫)ݎ‬ଶ ฻ ݀ ଶ = 36‫ ݎ‬ଶ + 36‫ ݎ‬ଶ 72 2

2
ଶ ଶ
฻ ݀ = 72‫ݎ‬ 18 2
9
฻ ݀ = ξ72‫ ݎ‬ଶ , pois ݀ > 0
1
฻ ݀ = ξ72ξ‫ ݎ‬ଶ ξ72 = 6ξ2
฻ ݀ = 6ξ2‫ݎ‬, ‫ > ݎ‬0

Opção (B)
12. ÈUHDVRPEUHDGD = ‫୲ܣ‬୰୧୬୥୳୪୭ [஺஻஼] െ ‫ܣ‬ୡÀ୰ୡ୳୪୭
ଶ
஻஼ × ஺஻ ξଶ
= െߨ×ቀ ቁ Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ ଶ
തതതത തതതത ଶ = ݄ଶ
‫ܤܣ‬ଶ + ‫ܥܤ‬
ξ଻×ξ௛ మ ି଻ ଵ
฻ തതതത
ଶ
‫ܤܣ‬ଶ + ൫ξ7൯ = ݄ଶ
= െ ߨ
ଶ ଶ തതതത ଶ = ݄ଶ െ 7
฻ ‫ܤܣ‬
ඥ଻(௛ మ ି଻)ିగ ฻ ‫ = ܤܣ‬ඥ݄ଶ െ 7, pois തതതത
‫ > ܤܣ‬0
=
ଶ
ξ7݄ଶ െ 49 െ ߨ
=
2
Opção (D)
13. 6HMDܸୡ୳ୠ୭ ஺ = ܽଷ e ܸୡ୳ୠ୭ ஻ = ܾ ଷ .

SDEH-VHTXHܸୡ୳ୠ୭ ஻ = 2 × ܸୡ୳ୠ୭ ஺ , ORJR
௕య ௕ ଷ ௕ య
ܾ ଷ = 2 × ܽଷ ฻ =2฻ ቀ ቁ =2฻ = ξ2
௔య ௔ ௔
Opção (C)
ଵ
14. ܸ୮୧୰୫୧ୢୣ = × ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ × ݄୮୧୰୫୧ୢୣ
ଷ
1 ξ2
= × ܽଶ × ቆ ܽቇ
3 2
ξ2 ଷ
= ܽ
6
'HWHUPLQDomRGDDOWXUD݄Ԣ GHFDGDWULkQJXORIDFHODWHUDO
௔ ଶ ௔మ ଷ௔మ
(݄ᇱ )ଶ + ቀ ቁ = ܽଶ ฻ (݄ᇱ )ଶ = ܽଶ െ ฻ (݄ᇱ )ଶ =
ଶ ସ ସ
ξ3ܽ
Como ݄ᇱ > 0, ݄ᇱ = .
2
'HWHUPLQDomRGDDOWXUDh GDSLUkPLGH
ଶ
௔ ଶ ௔మ ξଷ ଷ௔మ ௔మ ଶ௔మ
݄ଶ + ቀ ቁ = (݄ᇱ )ଶ ฻ ݄ଶ +
ସ
= ቀ ଶ ܽቁ ฻ ݄ଶ = െ ฻ ݄ଶ =
ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ξ2ܽ
Como ݄ > 0, ݄ = .
2
Opção (B)
భ భ భ భ
ଶξ௫× యξ௬ ଶ×௫ మ ×௬ య ଶ௫ మ ×௬ య భ భ భ మ
15. ‫=ܣ‬ ೙ = ೙ ೙ = భ మ = 2 × ‫ ݔ‬మି೙ × ‫ ݕ‬యି೙
ඥ௫ ×௬ మ ξ௫× ඥ௬ మ ௫ ೙ ×௬ ೙
భ
య
3DUDTXH‫ = ܣ‬2 ξ‫ ݔ‬LVWRp‫ = ܣ‬2 × ‫ ݔ‬య × ‫ ݕ‬଴ WHUiGHYHULILFDU-VH
1 1 1 1 1
െ = =
݊ ݊=6
൞2 3 ฻ ൞6 ݊ ฻ ቄ
1 2 2 1 ݊=6
െ =0 =
3 ݊ ݊ 3
/RJR, ݊ = 6.
Opção (D)
16.
ξଶସ×ξଶ ξସ଼ ସξଷ
a) = = = 2ξ3
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξଶସ
b) ξଶ
െ 5ξ2 × ξ6 = ξ12 െ 5ξ12 = െ4ξ12 = െ4 × 2ξ3 = െ8ξ3
ర ర ర
c) ඥξ48 + 10ξ3 = ξ48 + 10ξ3
48 2
ర ర
= 2ξ3 + 10ξ3 24 2
ర 12 2
= 12ξ3
6 2
ଶ ଶ ଶ
d) ൫ξ24 െ ξ2൯ = ൫ξ24൯ െ 2ξ24 × ξ2 + ൫ξ2൯ = 24 െ 2ξ48 + 2
1
= 26 െ 2 × 4ξ3 ξ48 = 4ξ3
= 26 െ 8ξ3 ర ర
ξ48 = 2ξ3
e) ξ48 + ξ2 െ ξ8 െ 3ξ12 = 4ξ3 + ξ2 െ 2ξ2 െ 3 × 2ξ3
= 4ξ3 െ 6ξ3 െ ξ2
= െ2ξ3 െ ξ2
ଶ
f) 1 െ ൫2 െ ξ3൯൫2 + ξ3൯ = 1 െ ቀ2ଶ െ ൫ξ3൯ ቁ = 1 െ (4 െ 3) = 1 െ 1 = 0
g) ξ2 + ξ32 + ξ8 െ 3ξ98 + 4ξ50 2 98 2 50 2
= ξ2 + 4ξ2 + 2ξ2 െ 3 × 7ξ2 + 4 × 5ξ2 16 2 49 7 25 5
8 2 7 7 5 5
= 7ξ2 െ 21ξ2 + 20ξ2 4 2 1 1
2 2
= 6ξ2
1
ξ32 = 4ξ2 ξ98 = 7ξ2 ξ50 = 3ξ2
h) 7ξ20 െ ξ45 + 3ξ5 20 2 45

10 2 15
= 7 × 2ξ5 െ 3ξ5 + 3ξ5 5 5 5 5
= 14ξ5 1
1
ξ20 = 2ξ5
ξ45 = 3ξ5
ଵ
i) ξ12 െ 6ξ3 + ξ27 െ ଶ ξ48
27
= 2ξ3 െ 6ξ3 + 3ξ3 െ × 4ξ3
ଵ 9
ଶ
= െξ3 െ 2ξ3 1
= െξ3 ξ27 = 3ξ3
j) െ17ξ5 + ξ245 + 5ξ180 245 5 180 2

49 7 90 2
= െ17ξ5 + 7ξ5 + 5 × 6ξ5 7 7 45
= െ10ξ5 + 30ξ5 1 15
ξ245 = 7ξ5 5 5
= 20ξ5 1
ξ180 = 6ξ5
k) యξ375 െ యξ24 + యξ192 െ యξ81 24 2 192 2 81

య య య య
125 5 12 2 96 2 27
= 5ξ3 െ 2ξ3 + 4ξ3 െ 3ξ3 25 5 6 2 48 2 9
= 4ξ3
య 5 5 24 2
1 1 12 2 1
6 2
య య
ξ375 = 5ξ3 య య య య
ξ24 = 2ξ3 ξ81 = 3ξ3
1
య య
ξ192 = 4ξ3
య
l) 4ξ2048 െ 5ξ512 െ 6ξ256
య య
2048 2
య య 1024 2
= 4 × 8ξ4 െ 5 × 8 െ 6 × 4ξ4 512 2
య
= 32ξ4 െ 24ξ4 െ 40
య
256 2
య
128 2
= 8ξ4 െ 40 64 2
2
16 2
8 2
4 2
2 2
1
య య య య య
ξ2048 = 8ξ4; ξ256 = 4ξ4; ξ512 = 8
17.
a) ‫ = ܤ × ܣ‬൫1 + ξ3൯ × ξ2 = ξ2 + ξ6
ଶ ଶ ଶ
b) ‫ܣ‬ଶ െ ‫ܤ‬ଶ = ൫1 + ξ3൯ െ ൫ξ2൯ = 1 + 2ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ െ 2 = 1 + 2ξ3 + 3 െ 2 = 2 + 2ξ3
஺ ଵାξଷ ൫ଵାξଷ൯×൫ξଶ൯ ξଶାξ଺
c) = = =
஻ ξଶ ξଶ×(ξଶ) ଶ
஻ ξଶ ξଶ(ଵିξଷ) ξଶିξ଺ ξଶିξ଺ ξଶିξ଺ ξ଺ିξଶ

d)
஺
= = = మ = = =
ଵାξଷ ൫ଵାξଷ൯×൫ଵିξଷ൯ ଵమ ି൫ξଷ൯ ଵିଷ ିଶ ଶ
య ల ల ల ల
e) యξ‫ ܤ‬+ 3‫ = ܥ‬ඥξ2 + 3ξ2 = ξ2 + 3ξ2 = 4ξ2
ల ଶ ସ ଺ ଶ
f) ‫ܣ‬ଶ െ ‫ܤ‬ସ + ‫ = ଺ ܥ‬൫1 + ξ3൯ െ ൫ξ2൯ + ൫ξ2 ൯ = 1 + 2ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ െ 2ଶ + 2
= 1 + 2ξ3 + 3 െ 4 + 2 = 2 + 2ξ3
18.
ଵ ξଷ ξଷ
a) = =
ξଷ ξଷ×ξଷ ଷ
ହ ହξଵ଴ ହξଵ଴ ξଵ଴

b) = = =
ξଵ଴ ξଵ଴×ξଵ଴ ଵ଴ ଶ
ହξ଻ ହξ଻×ξଷ ହξଶଵ ହξଶଵ

c) = = =
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ×ξଷ ଶ×ଷ ଺
ସ ସ൫ξଵଷାξଵଵ൯ ସ൫ξଵଷାξଵଵ൯ ସ൫ξଵଷାξଵଵ൯ ସ൫ξଵଷାξଵଵ൯

d) =൫ = మ మ = = = 2൫ξ13 + ξ11൯
ξଵଷିξଵଵ ξଵଷିξଵଵ൯൫ξଵଷାξଵଵ൯ ൫ξଵଷ൯ ି൫ξଵଵ൯ ଵଷିଵଵ ଶ
= 2ξ13 + 2ξ11
ξ଺ ൫ξ଺൯൫ଵିଶξଷ൯ ξ଺ିଶξଵ଼ ξ଺ିଶ×ଷξଶ ξ଺ି଺ξଶ
e) = = మ = =
ଵାଶξଷ ൫ଵାଶξଷ൯൫ଵିଶξଷ൯ ଵమ ି൫ଶξଷ൯ ଵିସ×ଷ ିଵଵ
ξଶ ൫ξଶ൯൫ξଵ଴ାଶξଶ൯ ξଶ଴ାଶξସ ଶξହାଶ×ଶ ଶξହାସ

f) = = మ మ = = = ξ5 + 2
ξଵ଴ିଶξଶ ൫ξଵ଴ିଶξଶ൯൫ξଵ଴ାଶξଶ൯ ൫ξଵ଴൯ ି൫ଶξଶ൯ ଵ଴ିସ×ଶ ଶ
య య య
ଷ ଷ ξହమ ଷ ξଶହ ଷ ξଶହ
g) య = య య = య =
ξହ ξହ× ξହమ ξହయ ହ
ర ర ర
ଵ ξ଺య ξଶଵ଺ ξଶଵ଺
h) ర = ర ర = ర =
ξ଺ ξ଺× ξ଺య ξ଺ర ଺
ఱ ఱ ఱ
ଶ ଶ× ξଶర ଶ ξଶర ଶ ξଵ଺ ఱ
i) ఱ = ఱ ఱ = ఱ = = ξ16
ξଶ ξଶ× ξଶర ඥଶఱ ଶ
ల ల ల
ଵ ඥଷఱ ඥଷఱ ξଶସଷ
j) ల = ల ల = ల =
ξଷ ξଷ× ඥଷఱ ξଷల ଷ
19.
ళ
଺ଶହ ఴ ళ ఱ మ
625 5
a) ఱ = 625ఴିఴ = 625ఴ
125 5
଺ଶହ ఴ
25 5
ଵ
= 625ସ = ξ625
ర 5 5
ర ర
1
= 5ξ625 = ξ5ସ = 5
భ భ ఱ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
b) 8య × 8ିଶ = 8యିଶ = 8ିయ = ఱ = య = య = య = =
ඥ଼ఱ ඥ(ଶయ )ఱ ඥଶభఱ ଶఱ ଷଶ
଼య
భ ସ
య
c) ቀ216యቁ = ൫ξ216
ସ
൯ = 6ସ = 1296 216 2
108 2
54 2
27
9

1
య
భ ିଶ ିଶ ଵ ଵ ξ216 = 2 × 3 = 6
d) ቀ343యቁ య
= ൫ξ343൯ = 7ିଶ = = 7
଻మ ସଽ 49 7
7 7
1
య
ξ343 = 7
20. ÁUHDILJXUDVRPEUHDGD = ‫ܣ‬ο[஼஽ா] + ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼஽] െ ‫ܣ‬ο[஽஼௑]

തതതത × ‫ܧܦ‬
‫ܦܥ‬ തതതത ଶ ‫ܦܥ‬ തതതത
തതതത × ‫ܦܣ‬
= + ൫6ξ3൯ െ
2 2
6ξ3 × 4ξ3 6ξ3 × 6ξ3
= + 36 × 3 െ
2 2
24 × 3 36 × 3
= + 108 െ
2 2
= 36 + 108 െ 54
= 90 XD Cálculo auxiliar
‫ = ܧܦ‬10ξ3 െ 6ξ3 = 4ξ3
21. &RQVLGHUHPRVXPFXERGHDUHVWDܽ.
a) 6HMDd DGLDJRQDOIDFLDOGRFXER
݀ ଶ = ܽଶ + ܽଶ ฻ ݀ ଶ = 2ܽଶ
Como ݀ > 0, ݀ = ඥ2ܽଶ ฻ ݀ = ξ2ܽ (ܽ > 0)
b) 6HMDD DGLDJRQDOHVSDFLDOGRFXER
ଶ
‫ܦ‬ଶ = ݀ ଶ + ܽଶ ฻ ‫ܦ‬ଶ = ൫ξ2ܽ൯ + ܽଶ ฻ ‫ܦ‬ଶ = 2ܽଶ + ܽଶ ฻ ‫ܦ‬ଶ = 3ܽଶ
&RPR‫ > ܦ‬0, ‫ = ܦ‬ξ3ܽଶ ฻ ‫ = ܦ‬ξ3ܽ (ܽ > 0)
22. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0

x 6H‫ = ݔ‬2 + ξ3, YHPTXH
ଶ ଶ
൫2 + ξ3൯ െ 4൫2 + ξ3൯ + 1 = 0 ฻ 2ଶ + 4ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ െ 8 െ 4ξ3 + 1 = 0
฻ 4 + 4ξ3 + 3 െ 8 െ 4ξ3 + 1 = 0
֞0=0
3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJR2 + ξ3 pVROXomRGDHTXDomR
x 6H‫ = ݔ‬2 െ ξ3, YHPTXH
ଶ ଶ
൫2 െ ξ3൯ െ 4൫2 െ ξ3൯ + 1 = 0 ฻ 2ଶ െ 4ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ െ 8 + 4ξ3 + 1 = 0
฻ 4 െ 4ξ3 + 3 െ 8 + 4ξ3 + 1 = 0
֞0=0
3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJR2 െ ξ3 pVROXomRGDHTXDomR
23. ξ7‫ ݔ‬െ ξ5 = ξ3‫ ݔ‬฻ ξ7‫ ݔ‬െ ξ3‫ = ݔ‬ξ5

฻ ൫ξ7 െ ξ3൯‫ = ݔ‬ξ5
ξହ
฻‫=ݔ‬
ξ଻ିξଷ
ξହ൫ξ଻ାξଷ൯
฻‫=ݔ‬
൫ξ଻ିξଷ൯൫ξ଻ାξଷ൯
ξଷହାξଵହ
฻‫=ݔ‬ మ మ
൫ξ଻൯ ି൫ξଷ൯
ξଷହାξଵହ
฻‫=ݔ‬
଻ିଷ
ξଷହାξଵହ
฻‫=ݔ‬
ସ
24.
భ భ భ భ భ మ భ భ
ల ల ల
a) 2ల + 4భమ = 2ల + (2ଶ )భమ = 2ల + 2భమ = 2ల + 2ల = ξ2 + ξ2 = 2ξ2
భ ఱ భ ఱ
భ ହ భ భ ହ ఱ ఱ ఱ
ఱ ቆ଼ఱ ቇ ×ቆଷమ ቇ
ξ଼×ଷమ ଼ఱ ×ଷమ ଼భ ×ଷమ ଷ మ ଵ మ ଵ ଵ
b) ቆ ቇ =ቆ భ ቇ = భ ఱ
= ఱ =8×ቀ ቁ =8×ቀ ቁ =8× ఱ =8× ఱ
଺ ଶ
ξ଺ ξଶ
଺మ ቆ଺మ ቇ ଺మ ଶమ
ଵ ଶ ଶξଶ ଶξଶ
=8× = = మ = = ξ2
ଶమ ×ξଶ ξଶ ൫ξଶ൯ ଶ
ଷ ହ భ ଷ మ ହ 3 10 3 10 9+20 29
య +3 ల ల
c) ൫ξ5൯ × ൫ξ5ଶ ൯ = ቀ5మ ቁ × ቀ5య ቁ = 52 × 5 3 = 52 =5 6 = 5 6 = ξ5ଶଽ = ඥ(5ସ )଺ × 5ହ
ల
= 5ସ ξ5ହ
ఱ ଶ
ఱ ఱ భబ వ ఱ
௫ర
d)
௫ షభ
+ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ఴ ቁ = ‫ ݔ‬రାଵ + ‫ ݔ‬ఴ = ‫ ݔ‬ర + ‫ ݔ‬ర = రξ‫ ݔ‬ଽ + రξ‫ ݔ‬ହ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ రξ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬రξ‫ ݔ( = ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ )ݔ‬రξ‫ݔ‬
25.
మ
ξ௔ା௔ ൫ξ௔ା௔൯൫ξ௔ିଵ൯ ൫ξ௔൯ ିξ௔ା௔ξ௔ି௔ ௔ିξ௔ା௔ξ௔ି௔ ௔ξ௔ିξ௔ (௔ିଵ)ξ௔
a) = = మ = = =
ξ௔ାଵ ൫ξ௔ାଵ൯൫ξ௔ିଵ൯ ൫ξ௔൯ ିଵమ ௔ିଵ ௔ିଵ ௔ିଵ
= ξܽ
ସ௔ାଵ (ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ (ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ (ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯
b)
ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵାଷ௔
= = మ =
൫ξଶହ௔మ ିଵାଷ௔൯൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ ൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵ൯ ି(ଷ௔)మ ଶହ௔మ ିଵିଽ௔మ
(ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ (ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ (ସ௔ାଵ)൫ξଶହ௔ మ ିଵିଷ௔൯ ξଶହ௔మ ିଵିଷ௔

= = = =
ଵ଺௔మ ିଵ (ସ௔)మ ିଵ (ସ௔ାଵ)(ସ௔ିଵ) ସ௔ିଵ
(ܽ ‫ א‬Գ)
మ
ξௗ ξௗ൫௔ξ௕ି௖ξௗ൯ ξௗ൫௔ξ௕ି௖ξௗ൯ ௔ξ௕ௗି௖൫ξௗ൯ ௔ξ௕ௗି௖ௗ
c) = = మ మ = =
௔ξ௕ା௖ξௗ ൫௔ξ௕ା௖ξௗ൯൫௔ξ௕ି௖ξௗ൯ ൫௔ξ௕൯ ି൫௖ξௗ൯ ௔మ ௕ି௖ మ ௗ ௔మ ௕ି௖ మ ௗ
௔ି௕ ξ௔ି௕ ξ௔ି௕×ξ௔ା௕ ඥ(௔ି௕)(௔ା௕) ξ௔మ ି௕మ

d) ට = = = మ =
௔ା௕ ξ௔ା௕ ξ௔ା௕×ξ௔ା௕ ൫ξ௔ା௕൯ ௔ା௕
ܽ>ܾ
ܽ, ܾ ‫ א‬Գ
26. &RQVLGHUHPRVXPWULkQJXORHTXLOiWHURGHODGR݈ HVHMD݄ DVXDDOWXUD
௟ ଶ ௟మ ௟మ ଷ௟ మ
݄ଶ + ቀ ቁ = ݈ ଶ ฻ ݄ଶ + = ݈ ଶ ฻ ݄ଶ = ݈ ଶ െ ฻ ݄ଶ =
ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ଷ௟ మ ξଷ௟
&RPR݄ > 0, ݄ = ට , ORJR݄ = , ݈ > 0.
ସ ଶ
27. 6HMD݈ RODGRGHXPTXDGUDGRLQVFULWRQXPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHUDLR‫ݎ‬.

݈ ଶ + ݈ ଶ = (2‫)ݎ‬ଶ ฻ 2݈ ଶ = 4‫ ݎ‬ଶ ฻ ݈ ଶ = 2‫ ݎ‬ଶ
CRPR݈ > 0, ݈ = ξ2‫ ݎ‬ଶ , ORJR݈ = ξ2‫ݎ‬, com ‫ > ݎ‬0.
28. 6HMD ܽ D DUHVWD GH XP FXER GH iUHD WRWDO 384 cmଶ (QWmR D iUHD GH FDGD IDFH GR FXER p
ଷ଼ସ
= 64 cmଶ Hܽଶ = 64, ORJRܽ = 8 FP6HMD݈ DDUHVWDGDSLUkPLGHTXDGUDQJXODUTXHWHPD
଺
PHVPDDOWXUDHRPHVPRYROXPHGRFXER
192 2
ܸ୮୧୰୫୧ୢୣ = ܸୡ୳ୠ୭ 96 2
ଵ 48 2
× ݈ ଶ × 8 = 8ଷ ฻ ݈ ଶ = 192 24 2
ଷ
12 2
Como ݈ > 0, ݈ = ξ192 ฻ ݈ = 8ξ3. 6 2

$PHGLGDGDDUHVWDGDEDVHpGH8ξ3 FP
1
29. 6HMD ܽ D DUHVWD GR FXER 6DEH-VH TXH FDGD IDFH GR WHWUDHGUR p XP WULkQJXOR HTXLOiWHUR GH
ODGRܽξ2 REVHUYH-VHTXHFDGDODGRGRWULkQJXORFRUUHVSRQGHDXPDGLDJRQDOIDFLDOGRFXER
GHDUHVWDܽ6DEH-VHWDPEpPTXHDDOWXUD݄ GHXPWULkQJXORHTXLOiWHURGHODGR݈ pGDGDSRU
ξଷ ξଷ ௔ξ଺
݈. $VVLP݄ = × ܽξ2, LVWRp݄ = . /RJRDiUHDGHFDGDIDFHGRWHWUDHGURpGDGD
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ೌξల
௔ξଶ×
మ ௔మ ξଵଶ ଶ௔మ ξଷ ξଷ௔మ
SRU‫= ܣ‬ = = = ,FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
ଶ ସ ସ ଶ
30.
య
a) ܸ = ܽଷ ฻ ܽ = ξܸ
b) 6HMD‫ ܣ‬DPHGLGDGDiUHDGDVXSHUItFLHGRFXER ‫ = ܣ‬6ܽଶ
ଶ భ ଶ మ
య య
CRPRܽ = ξܸ , YHPTXH‫ = ܣ‬6 × ൫ξܸ ൯ ฻ ‫ = ܣ‬6 × ቀܸ య ቁ ฻ ‫ = ܣ‬6 × ܸ య
31. &RQVLGHUHPRVXPSULVPDTXDGUDQJXODUUHJXODUHPTXHDiUHDGDEDVHPHGHܾ cmଶ .
a) 6HMDܽ DDUHVWDGDEDVHH݄ DDOWXUDGRSULVPD. THPRVTXHܽ = ξܾ e ݄ = 4ξܾ.
భ భ య
/RJR ܸ୮୰୧ୱ୫ୟ = ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ × ݄ = ܾ × 4ξܾ = ܾ × 4 × ܾ మ = 4ܾଵାమ = 4ܾ మ.
b) ܸ = 32
య య
4ܾ మ = 32 ฻ ܾ మ = 8 ฻ ξܾ ଷ = 8
య
Logo, ܾ ଷ = 8ଶ ฻ ܾ ଷ = 64 ฻ ܾ = ξ64 ฻ ܾ = 4 FP
32.
a) 8PDHVIHUDHVWiLQVFULWDQXPFXERGHYROXPHܸ. 6HMDܽ DDUHVWDGRFXERH‫ ݎ‬RUDLRGDHVIHUD
య
௔ య ξ௏
7HP-VHTXH‫ = ݎ‬, HFRPRܸ = ܽଷ ฻ ܽ = ξܸ YHPTXH‫= ݎ‬ .
ଶ ଶ
య ଷ
ସ ସ ξ௏ ସ ௏ గ
b) ܸୣୱ୤ୣ୰ୟ = ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଷ = ߨ× ൬ ൰ = ߨ× = ܸ
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଼ ଺
33. 3DUD‫ > ݔ‬0, ඥ1 + ξ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ସ = ට1 + ඥ‫ ݔ‬ଶ × (4 + 4‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) = ට1 + ඥ‫ ݔ‬ଶ × (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ
1 x 2 u ( x 2) 2
= ඥ1 + ‫ ݔ( × ݔ‬+ 2)
‫>ݔ‬0
= ඥ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
= ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ

=‫ݔ‬+1
‫>ݔ‬0
34.
ర ర ర ర
ଵ
ర
ξଷାଵ
ర
ξଷାଵ
ర
ξଷାଵ ൫ ξଷାଵ൯×ቀ ξଷమ ାଵቁ ξଷయ ା రξଷା ξଷమ ାଵ
a) ర = ర ర = ర మ = ర = ర ర = ర మ
ξଷିଵ ൫ ξଷିଵ൯൫ ξଷାଵ൯ ൫ ξଷ൯ ିଵమ ξଷమ ିଵ ቀ ξଷమ ିଵቁ×ቀ ξଷమ ାଵቁ ቀ ξଷమ ቁ ିଵమ
ర ర ర ర ర ర ర ర ర
ξ27 + ξ9 + ξ3 + 1 ξ27 + ξ9 + ξ3 + 1 ξ27 + ξ9 + ξ3 + 1
= ర = =
ξ3ସ െ 1 3െ1 2
య మ య య య మ
ଶ൬ቀ ξସቁ ା ξସ× ξଷାቀ ξଷቁ ൰ య య య య య య
ଶ ଶቀ ξଵ଺ା ξଵଶା ξଽቁ ଶቀଶ ξଶା ξଵଶା ξଽቁ
b) య య = య య య మ య య య మ = య య య య =
ቀ ξସି ξଷቁ ቀ ξସି ξଷቁ×൬ቀ ξସቁ ା ξସ× ξଷାቀ ξଷቁ ൰ ቀ ξସቁ ିቀ ξଷቁ ସିଷ
య య య
= 4ξ2 + 2ξ12 + 2ξ9
Considerando a sugestão
௟
35. $HVWUHODGDILJXUDSRGHVHUGHFRPSRVWDHPWULkQJXORVHTXLOiWHURVGHODGR HSRUWDQWR
ଶ
ξଷ ௟ ξଷ௟
GHDOWXUD × = .
ଶ ଶ ସ
$VVLPDiUHD‫ ܣ‬GHFDGDWULkQJXORSRGHVHUGDGDHPIXQomRGH݈ SRU

݈ ξ3
× ݈
‫=ܣ‬ 2 4 = ξ3 ݈ ଶ
2 16
ξଷ ଶ ଷξଷ ଶ
AVVLP‫ܣ‬ୣୱ୲୰ୣ୪ୟ ୤୧୥୳୰ୟ ଵ = 12‫ = ܣ‬12 × ݈ = ݈ .
ଵ଺ ସ
4XDQWRjHVWUHODUHSUHVHQWDGDQDILJXUDDVXDiUHDSRGHVHUYLVWD FRPRDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHD
iUHD GR KH[iJRQR GH ODGR ݈ H D iUHD RFXSDGD SHORV WULkQJXORV D VRPEUHDGR QD ILJXUD
DEDL[R.
2EVHUYH-VH TXHDEDVHGHFDGDXPGHVWHVWULkQJXORVp݈ HDDOWXUD݄ pPHWDGHGD DOWXUDGH

FDGD XP GRV WULkQJXORV HTXLOiWHURV QRV TXDLV R KH[iJRQR UHJXODU SRGH VHU GHFRPSRVWR
ξయ
௟ ξଷ
మ
$VVLP݄ = = ݈.
ଶ ସ
3RUWDQWR, DiUHDRFXSDGDSHORVWULkQJXORVFRQVLGHUDGRVpGDGDSRU
ξ3
݈× ݈
‫ܣ‬ଵ = 6 × 4 = 3ξ3 ݈ ଶ
2 4
&RPRDiUHDGRKH[iJRQRGHODGR݈ pGDGDSRU
ξ3
݈× ݈
‫ܣ‬ଶ = 6 × 2 = 3ξ3 ݈ ଶ
2 2
YHPTXH
3ξ3 ଶ 3ξ3 ଶ 6ξ3݈ ଶ െ 3ξ3݈ ଶ 3ξ3݈ ଶ
‫ܣ‬ୣୱ୲୰ୣ୪ୟ ୤୧୥୳୰ୟ ଶ = ‫ܣ‬ଶ െ ‫ܣ‬ଵ = ݈ െ ݈ = =
2 4 4 4
36.
Cálculo auxiliar
തതതത
஺ா ଵ തതതത
஺ா ξଶ
cos 60୭ =
തതതത
฻ଶ= തതതത =
฻ ‫ܧܣ‬
஺஽ ξଶ ଶ
ξଶ
തതതത = 2 ×
/RJR‫ܤܣ‬ +ξ2 = 2ξ2 FP
ଶ
$VVLP
x 3HUtPHWUR
ܲ = 2ξ2 + ξ2 + ξ2 + ξ2 = 5ξ2 FPFRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU.
x ÈUHD
2ξ2 + ξ2 ξ6 3ξ2 × ξ6 Cálculo auxiliar
‫=ܣ‬ × =
2 2 4 തതതത
஽ா ξଷ തതതത
஽ா ξ଺
3ξ12 6HQ ฻ = തതതത =
฻ ‫ܧܦ‬ cm
= ξଶ ଶ ξଶ ଶ
4
3 × 2ξ3
=
4
ଷξଷ
= cmଶ , FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU.
ଶ
37. 6HMDXPFXERGHDUHVWDܽ LQVFULWRQXPDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHYROXPHܸ HUDLR‫ݎ‬.

$GLDJRQDOHVSDFLDO‫ ܦ‬GRFXERpGDGDSRU‫ = ܦ‬ξ3ܽ HWHP-VHTXH
஽ ξଷ௔
‫=ݎ‬ LVWRp‫= ݎ‬ .
ଶ ଶ
ସ ସ ଷ
ξଷ
6DEH-VHWDPEpPTXHܸ = ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଷ . LRJR, ܸ = ߨ×ቀ
ଶ
ܽቁ . AVVLP
ଷ ଷ
4 3ξ3 × ܽଷ ߨξ3ܽଷ 2ܸ 2ܸ
ܸ= ߨ× ฻ܸ= ֞ ܽଷ = ֞ܽ=ඨ
3 8 2 ߨξ3 ߨξ3
Unidade 3 – Divisão inteira de polinómios

Páginas 114 a 141
௫
32. 6mRSROLQyPLRVDVH[SUHVV}HVUHSUHVHQWDGDVHPLቀ ቁHHPLLL൫‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ξ3൯.
ଶ
33.
a) 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 7 = െ6‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 7JUDX
ଵ ଵ
b) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 3‫ݔ‬ଵ଴ + 12 + 3‫ݔ‬ଵ଴ = ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 12JUDX
ଶ ଶ
c) 3 െ ‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3JUDX
d) (3 െ ‫)ݔ‬ଶ = 9 െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9JUDX
34. 3RUH[HPSOR
a) െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2016‫ݔ‬
ξଷ య
b) ξ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െߨ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ ξ5
ଶ
35.
௫మ
a) ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬+ ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ቀ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2ቁ + (‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10)
ଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ
= ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 െ 10
3
ସ
= ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8; JUDX
ଷ
ହ
b) ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬+ ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܥ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10) + ቀെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ቁ
ଶ
ହ
= ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10
ଶ
ଵ
= ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 10JUDX
ଶ
ହ
c) ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬െ ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܥ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10) െ ቀെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ቁ
ଶ
5
= ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10
ସ ସ ଷ
2
ଽ
= 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10JUDX
ଶ
௫మ ଵ ௫మ
d) ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬െ ൫‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬+ ‫)ݔ(ܥ‬൯ = ቀ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2ቁ െ ቌᇣᇧଷ
‫ݔ‬ᇧᇤᇧ
ଵ
10ቍ = െ
െᇧᇥ ‫ݔ‬ଷ + െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 10
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ
௔௟À௡௘௔ ௕)
௫య ௫మ
=െ + െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 12; JUDX
ଶ ଷ
36.
a) A( x) u B ( x) (3 x 6 ) u ( x 2 2 x 1) 3 x8 6 x 7 3x 6 JUDX
b) B ( x) u C ( x) ( x 2 2 x 1) u ( x3 2 x) x5 2 x3 2 x 4 4 x 2 x3 2 x
x 5 2 x 4 x 3 4 x 2 2 x JUDX
c) A( x) u (C ( x)) (3 x 6 ) u ( x 3 2 x) 3 x 9 6 x 7 JUDX
d) B ( x) u B ( x) ( x 2 2 x 1) u ( x 2 2 x 1)
x 4 2 x3 x 2 2 x3 4 x 2 2 x x 2 2 x 1
x 4 4 x3 6 x 2 4 x 1 JUDX
e) A( x) u ( B( x) C ( x)) (3 x 6 ) u (( x 2 2 x 1)( x3 2 x)) 3 x 6 u ( x 3 x 2 1)
3 x 9 3 x8 3 x 6 JUDX
37.
a) A( x) u B ( x) ( x3 3 x 2 2) u (4 x 5 x 1)
x 3 u (4 x 5 x 1) 3 x 2 (4 x 5 x 1) 2(4 x 5 x 1)
4 x8 x 4 x3 12 x 7 3 x3 3 x 2 8 x 5 2 x 2
4 x8 12 x 7 8 x5 x 4 2 x3 3 x 2 2 x 2 JUDX
b) A( x) u B ( x) ( x n 3 x 2 2) u (4 x m x 1)
x n u (4 x m x 1) 3 x 2 (4 x m x 1) 2(4 x m x 1)
4 x n m x n 1 x n 12 x 2 m 3 x 3 3 x 2 8 x m 2 x 2
2JUDXGRSROLQyPLR ‫ )ݔ(ܤ × )ݔ(ܣ‬pn + m, TXHUHVXOWDGDVRPDGRJUDXGRSROLQyPLR ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬, n,
FRPRJUDXGRSROLQyPLR ‫)ݔ(ܤ‬, m.
38. (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ) + ܿ = ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ܾ‫ ݔ‬+ 3ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ 3ܾ + ܿ = ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (ܾ + 3ܽ)‫ ݔ‬+ 3ܾ + ܿ
3DUD TXH R SROLQyPLR ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (ܾ + 3ܽ)‫ ݔ‬+ 3ܾ + ܿ VHMD LJXDO DR SROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 WHP TXH
VHYHULILFDUܽ = 1 ‫ ܾ ר‬+ 3ܽ = 1 ‫ ר‬3ܾ + ܿ = െ2.
$VVLP
ܽ=1 ܽ=1 ܽ=1 ܽ=1
൝ ܾ + 3ܽ = 1 ֞ ൝ ܾ + 3 = 1 ֞ ൝ ܾ = െ2 ֞ ൝ܾ = െ2
3ܾ + ܿ = െ2 3ܾ + ܿ = െ2 െ6 + ܿ = െ2 ܿ=4
39.
a)
b)
c)
40.
a) (2 + 5‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ‫ ݔ( ׷‬+ 4)
$VVLP2 + 5‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) െ 2

b) (3 െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ସ ) ‫ ݔ( ׷‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ )
$VVLP3 െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ସ = (‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) × (െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) + (െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3)
c) (‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 1) ‫ ݔ( ׷‬െ 1)
$VVLP ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
ଵ ଵ
d) ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 20‫ ݔ‬+ 10ቁ ‫ ׷‬ቀ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3ቁ
ଶ ଷ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵହ ଵହ ଶହ
$VVLP ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 20‫ ݔ‬+ 10 = ቀ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3ቁ × ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ + ቁെ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
41.
3DUD TXH R SROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬ହ + ݇‫ ݔ‬+ 12 VHMD GLYLVtYHO SHOR SROLQyPLR െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1, R SROLQyPLR
5HVWRWHUiGHVHU]HUR
/RJR29 + ݇ = 0 ֞ ݇ = െ29
42.
a) A( x) x 3 4 x 2 7 x 10 B( x) x2
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 11 ܴ = െ12
b) A( x) x 3 4 x 2 7 x 10 B ( x) x3 x (3)
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 14 ܴ = െ32
c) A( x) x 3 4 x 2 7 x 10 B( x) x 1
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 10 ܴ=0

3 2
d) A( x) x 4 x 7 x 10 B ( x) x
1 § 1·
x ¨ ¸
2 © 2¹
9 19 99
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ ܴ=
2 4 8
43. ‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ + ܾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ܿ‫ ݔ‬+ ݀; ܽ ് 0; ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ݀ Թ B( x) x 1
ܳ(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬ଶ + (ܽ + ܾ)‫ ݔ‬+ (ܽ + ܾ + ܿ) ܴ =ܽ+ܾ+ܿ+݀

2V SROLQyPLRV ܳ(‫ )ݔ‬H ܴ VmR GH IDFWR R TXRFLHQWH H R UHVWR UHVSHWLYDPHQWH GD GLYLVmR
LQWHLUD GH A( x SRU B( x VH VH YHULILFDU A( x) B( x) u Q( x) R RX VHMD VH
ax 3 bx 2 cx d x 1u ax 2 a b x a b c a b c d .
&DOFXOHPRV B ( x) u Q( x) R
B( x) u Q( x) R x 1 ax 2 a b x a b c a b c d
ax 3 (a b) x 2 (a b c) x ax 2 (a b) x (a b c) a b c d
ax 3 ax 2 bx 2 ax bx cx ax 2 ax bx a b c a b c d
ax 3 bx 2 cx d
A( x) FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
44.
ଶ ଶ
a) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ =‫ݔ‬െ ቀെ ቁ
ଷ ଷ
଻ ଵସ ହହ
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬െ ܴ=
ଷ ଽ ଶ଻
ଶ
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଷ
ଶ
&RPR VDEHPRV GD DOtQHD DQWHULRU R TXRFLHQWH H R UHVWR GD GLYLVmR GH ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU ‫ ݔ‬+ VmR,
ଷ
଻ ଵସ ହହ
UHVSHWLYDPHQWHRVSROLQyPLRV3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬െ Hܴ =
ଷ ଽ ଶ଻
ଶ
$VVLP R TXRFLHQWH H R UHVWR GD GLYLVmR GH ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ VmR UHVSHWLYDPHQWH RV
ଷ
୕(୶) ଶ ଶ ଻ ଵସ ହହ
SROLQyPLRV H ܴRXVHMD‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ݔ‬െ H .
ଷ ଷ ଽ ଶ଻ ଶ଻
45.
a) (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 6) ‫( = ݔ ׷‬െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6) ‫ ׷‬6
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬ ܴ=6
b) (4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 6) ‫( ׷‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)
4‫ ݔ‬ଶ 2‫ ݔ‬1 1 11
ܳ(‫= )ݔ‬ + + = 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ ܴ=െ
2 2 2 2 2
c) (8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 1) ‫( ׷‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
8‫ ݔ‬7 7 11
ܳ(‫= )ݔ‬ െ = 2‫ ݔ‬െ ܴ=
4 4 4 4
46. (‫ ݔ‬ହ + ݇‫ ݔ‬+ 12) ‫ ݔ( ׷‬+ 2)
3DUDTXHRSROLQyPLR‫ ݔ‬ହ + ݇‫ ݔ‬+ 12 VHMDGLYLVtYHOSHORSROLQyPLR‫ ݔ‬+ 2 WHPTXH ܴ = 0.
–2݇ – 20 = 0 –2݇ = 20 ݇ = –10
47. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ െ 4 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
2
7HPRVTXH Q1 ( x ) x + 5 x 9DPRVGLYLGLU Q1 ( x ) SRU ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
Q1 ( x) ( x 2)(3 x 1) 5
$VVLP
A( x) ( x 2) u (3 x 2 5 x 3) 12 ( x 2) u [( x 2)(3x 1) 5] 12
( x 2) u ( x 2)(3x 1) 5( x 2) 12
( x 2 4)(3 x 1) 5 x 10 12
( x 2 4) (3 x 1) (5 x 2)

Q( x) R( x)
/RJR Q( x) 3 x 1 H R( x) 5 x 2 .
48. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1

a) 2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1 p ‫(ܣ‬1) = 3 × 1ଷ െ 1ଶ + 2 × 1 + 1 = 5.
b) 2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬+ 2 p ‫(ܣ‬െ2) = 3 × (െ2)ଷ െ (െ2)ଶ + 2 × (െ2) + 1 = െ31.
c) 2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬p ‫(ܣ‬0) = 3 × 0ଷ െ 0ଶ + 2 × 0 + 1 = 1.
d) 2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 p
1 1 ଷ 1 ଶ 1
‫ ܣ‬൬െ ൰ = 3 × ൬െ ൰ െ ൬െ ൰ + 2 × ൬െ ൰ + 1
3 3 3 3
ଵ ଵ ଶ
= െ3 × െ െ +1
ଶ଻ ଽ ଷ
(× 3) (× 9)
ଵ ଵ ଺ ଽ ଵ
=െ െ െ + =
ଽ ଽ ଽ ଽ ଽ
49. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ସ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ݔ‬

a) ܲ(െ1) = (െ1)ସ െ 3 × (െ1)ଷ െ (െ1)ଶ + 3 × (െ1) = െ1 + 3 െ 1 െ 3 = 0
ܲ(0) = 0ସ െ 3 × 0ଷ െ 0ଶ + 3 × 0 = 0
ܲ(1) = 1ସ െ 3 × 1ଷ െ 1ଶ + 3 × 1 = 1 െ 3 െ 1 + 3 = 0
ଵ ଵ ସ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଶ ଵ
ܲ ቀଶቁ = ቀଶቁ െ3 × ቀ
ଶ
ቁ െቀ
ଶ
ቁ +3 ×
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଷ
= െ3 × െ +
ଵ଺ ଼ ସ ଶ
(× 2) (× 4) (× 8)
ଵ ଺ ସ ଶସ ଵହ
= െ െ + =
ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺
ସ ଷ ଶ
ܲ൫ξ2൯ = ൫ξ2൯ െ 3 × ൫ξ2൯ െ ൫ξ2൯ + 3 × ξ2 = 2ଶ െ 3 × 2ξ2 െ 2 + 3ξ2 = 2 െ 3ξ2
ܲ(3) = 3ସ െ 3 × 3ଷ െ 3ଶ + 3 × 3 = 81 െ 81 െ 9 + 9
ଵ
&RPR ܲ(െ1) = 0, ܲ(0) = 0, ܲ(1) = 0, ܲ(3) = 0, ܲ ቀቁ ് 0H ܲ൫ξ2൯ ് 0FRQFOXL-VHDVVLPTXH
ଶ
GRVYDORUHVDSUHVHQWDGRVDVUDt]HVGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬VmR H
b) 6DEH-VHTXHGDGRXPSROLQyPLRܲ(‫ )ݔ‬HXPQ~PHUR ܽ ‫ א‬Թ, ܽ pXPDUDL]GHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬VHHVyVH
ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬IRUGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ.
ଵ
&RPRYLPRVQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU HVmRUDt]HVGH ܲ(‫)ݔ‬HQTXDQWR Hξ2 QmRRVmR
ଶ
$VVLPSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSHORVSROLQyPLRV ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬+ 1, ‫ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬, ‫= )ݔ(ܥ‬
ଵ
‫ ݔ‬െ 1 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܨ‬െ 3 QmRVHQGRGLYLVtYHOSHORVSROLQyPLRV‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܦ‬െ H ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܧ‬െ ξ2.
ଶ
50.
a) ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ସ െ ݇‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 3
3DUDTXHRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1 VHMDWHP-VHTXHܲ(1) = 2LVWRp
1ସ െ ݇ × 1ଶ + 1 + 3 = 2 ֞ 1 െ ݇ + 4 = 2 ֞ െ݇ = െ3 ֞ ݇ = 3
b) ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ 2 VHHVyVHܲ(െ2) = 0.
$VVLP
ଵ଻
(െ2)ସ െ ݇ × (െ2)ଶ + (െ2) + 3 = 0 ֞ 16 െ 4݇ െ 2 + 3 = 0 ֞ െ4݇ = െ17 ֞ ݇ =
ସ
51. &RQVLGHUHPRVRSROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ.
‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬p GLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ 1 VHHVyVH‫(ܣ‬െ1) = 0 HRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬െ 2 pLJXDOD
VH ‫(ܣ‬2) = 6.
/RJR
A(1) 0 ° 13 2 u 12 a u 1 b 0 1 2 a b 0
® ® ®
¯ A(2) 6 3 2
°̄2 2 u 2 a u 2 b 6 ¯8 8 2a b 6
°b 3 a _____ ____ b 3 1 b 4

® ® ® ® ®
°¯2a 3 a 6 ¯3a 3 ¯a 1 ¯a 1 ¯a 1
$VVLPܽ = 1 Hܾ = 4.
52. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9‫ ݔ‬+ 5

a) ܲ(1) = 1ଷ + 3 × 1ଶ െ 9 × 1 + 5 = 1 + 3 െ 9 + 5 = 0ORJRpUDL]GHܲ(‫)ݔ‬.
b) pUDL]GH ܲ(‫)ݔ‬
9HMDPRVVHpUDL]GRSROLQyPLRTXRFLHQWHܳ(‫ )ݔ‬REWLGR ܳ(1) = 1ଶ + 4 × 1 െ 5 = 0
&RPRpUDL]GH ܳ(‫)ݔ‬YDPRVGLYLGLUܳ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU x
$VVLP ܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1) × (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 5) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬+ 5) H FRPR Mi
QmRpUDL]GRSROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬+ 5FRQFOXL-VHTXHpDUDL]GHPXOWLSOLFLGDGHGH ܲ(‫)ݔ‬.
53. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ଺ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 10‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ݔ‬
a)
9HULILFD-VH TXH p UDL] GH ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬H TXH ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ 0) × (2‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 10‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16‫ ݔ‬+ 8),
PDVQmRp UDL]GRSROLQyPLR 2‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 10‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16‫ ݔ‬+ 8ORJRpXPD UDL]VLPSOHV
GH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬.
b)
9HULILFD-VHTXHpUDL]GH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬HTXHWDPEpPpUDL]GHQ1( x PDVMiQmRpUDL]GHQ2( x ).

&RQFOXL-VHDVVLPTXHpUDL]GXSODGH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬.
c)
9HULILFD-VHTXH pUDL]GH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬HWDPEpPpUDL]GHQ1( x HGHQ2( x ), P D V M i Q m R p G H Q ( x ).

&RQFOXL-VHDVVLPTXH pUDL]WULSODGH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬.
54.
a) 6DEH-VH TXH TXDOTXHU UDL] GR SROLQyPLR p XP GLYLVRU GR WHUPR LQGHSHQGHQWH GR SROLQyPLR
&RPRRWHUPRLQGHSHQGHQWHGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pെHQWmRRVVHXVGLYLVRUHVVmRെ1, 2, െHെ4.
ܲ(1) = 3 × 1ଷ + 1ଶ െ 4 = 3 + 1 െ 4 = 0ORJRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ1) = 3 × (െ1)ଷ + (െ1)ଶ െ 4 = െ3 + 1 െ 4 = െ6ORJR െQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(2) = 3 × 2ଷ + 2ଶ െ 4 = 24 + 4 െ 4 = 24ORJRQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ2) = 3 × (െ2)ଷ + (െ2)ଶ െ 4 = െ24 + 4 െ 4 = െ24ORJR െQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(4) = 3 × 4ଷ + 4ଶ െ 4 = 48 + 16 െ 4 = 60ORJRQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ4) = 3 × (െ4)ଷ + (െ4)ଶ െ 4 = െ48 + 16 െ 4 = െ36, ORJR െ QmR p UDL] LQWHLUD GR
SROLQyPLR
$VVLPD~QLFDUDL]LQWHLUDGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬p
b) 2WHUPRLQGHSHQGHQWHGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pFXMRVGLYLVRUHVVmRെ1, 2, െെെ4, 6, െHെ12.

ܲ(1) = 6ORJRQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ1) = 4ORJRെQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(2) = െ8ORJRQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ2) = 0ORJRെpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(3) = 0ORJRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ6) = 1224ORJRെQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGR SROLQyPLR
P(12) = 17 892ORJRQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
ܲ(െ12) = ORJRെQmRpUDL]LQWHLUDGRSROLQyPLR
$VVLPDVUDt]HVLQWHLUDVGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬VmRെH
55. &RPRVHVDEHGDTXHVWmRDQWHULRUpUDL]VLPSOHVGH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬pXPDUDL]GXSODGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬H p

XPDUDL] WULSODGH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬ORJR ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRGHVHUHVFULWRQDIRUPD ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ 0)ଵ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ ×
‫)ݔ(ܤ‬RQGH‫)ݔ(ܤ‬pXPSROLQyPLRVHP]HURV
$SOLFDQGRVXFHVVLYDV YH]HVD5HJUDGH5XIILQLREWpP-VH
&RQFOXL-VH TXH ‫ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଵ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ × 2LVWRpm = 1, n p H ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2.
56. 6HMDܲ(‫ )ݔ‬RSROLQyPLRGHVHJXQGRJUDXTXHDGPLWHFRPR]HURGXSOR
7HP-VHTXH ܲ(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ RQGH a pXPQ~PHURUHDOQmRQXOR
&RPR ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬WHP UHVWR LJXDO D TXDQGR GLYLGLGR SHOR SROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 HQWmR WHP-VH
TXH ܲ(3) = 8ORJR
ܽ × (3 െ 5)ଶ = 8 ֞ ܽ × 4 = 8 ֞ ܽ = 2
$VVLP ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2(‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ RX ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 20‫ ݔ‬+ 50.
57.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 16 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ\ଵ െ 4ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4) × (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2 × 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)
c) 9 െ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3ଶ െ (4‫)ݔ‬ଶ = (3 െ 4‫()ݔ‬3 + 4‫)ݔ‬
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 16‫ ݔ(ݔ = ݔ‬െ 16)
e) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 10 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଷ±ඥଷమ ିସ×ଵ×(ିଵ଴) െ3±ඥ49
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 10 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ×ଵ 2
ିଷା଻ ିଷି଻
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ5
ଶ ଶ
f) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬െ 20 = 2 (‫ݔ‬

ᇣᇧଶᇧ+ 3‫ ݔ‬െ
ᇧᇧᇤᇧ ᇧᇥ = 2(‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
ᇧᇧ10)
୔ୣ୪ୟ ୟ୪À୬ୣୟ ୟ୬୲ୣ୰୧୭୰
௫ మ ାଷ௫ିଵ଴ ୀ(௫ାହ)(௫ିଶ)
଼ ଵ
g) െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = െ(‫ ݔ‬+ 3) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ
ଷ ଷ
Cálculo auxiliar
8 ට 8 ଶ 8 ට64
± +4
8 ට100
±
8 ± ቀെ ቁ െ 4 × (െ1) × 1 3 9 3 9
ଶ 3 3
െ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
3 2 × (െ1) െ2 െ2
ఴ భబ ఴ భబ
ା ି ଵ
య య య య
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ିଶ ିଶ ଷ
58.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 7‫ ݔ(ݔ = ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬െ 7) = ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 7)
Cálculo auxiliar
െ6 ± ඥ6ଶ െ 4 × 1 × (െ7) െ6 ± ξ64

‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬െ 7 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2×1 2
ି଺ା଼ ି଺ି଼
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ7
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
b) 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 11‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫(ݔ = ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 11‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = ‫ × ݔ‬4 × ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = 4‫ ݔ‬ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)
ସ ସ
Cálculo auxiliar
11 ± ඥ(െ11)ଶ െ 4 × 4 × (െ3) 11 ± ξ169
4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 11‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2×4 8
ଵଵାଵଷ ଵଵିଵଷ ଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬3‫= ݔש‬െ
଼ ଼ ସ
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 20 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4) = (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 20 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4)
ଵ
d) 8‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 1 = ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ (8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
ଶ
4 ± ඥ(െ4)ଶ െ 4 × 8 × 2 4 ± ξെ48
8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2×8 16
(TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹRXVHMDRSROLQyPLR8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2 QmRWHPUDt]HVUHDLV
଻
59. ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 13‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 25‫ ݔ‬െ 14 2‫ ݔ‬െ 7 = 2 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ
ଶ
଻
6DEH-VHTXH pXPDUDL]GHܲ(‫)ݔ‬.
ଶ
7
ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2 ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
2
ଷ±ඥ(ିଷ)మ ିସ×ଵ×ଶ ଷ±ξଵ ଷାଵ ଷିଵ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬1
ଶ×ଵ ଶ ଶ ଶ
଻ ଻
$VUDt]HVGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬VmR , 2 HHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRGHVHUHVFULWRQDIRUPD ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1).
ଶ ଶ
60.
ଶ
a) 3‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2) = 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ × ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ൫ξ2൯ ቁ = 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2൯(‫ ݔ‬+ ξ2)
b) ‫ ݔ‬ହ + ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4

‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ
ଵ ଵ
c) െ4‫ ݔ‬ସ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)(െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) × (െ4) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
= െ4(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1

ଵ ଵ ଵ
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬െ
ସ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = െ4 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
61.
଺±ඥ(ି଺)మ ିସ×ଵ×ଽ ଺±ξ଴

a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬3
ଶ×ଵ ଶ
2SROLQyPLRWHPXP~QLFR]HUR
ିଷ±ඥଷమ ିସ×ଶ×(ିସ) ିଷ±ξଽାଷଶ ିଷାξସଵ ିଷିξସଵ
b) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ×ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ିଷାξସଵ ିଷିξସଵ
2SROLQyPLRWHPGRLV]HURV H
ସ ସ
ିଷ±ξଷమ ିସ×ଶ×ସ ିଷ±ξଽିଷଶ ିଷାξିଶଷ

c) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ×ଶ ସ ସ
(TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ2SROLQyPLRQmRWHP]HURV
d) 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 12‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 6) ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0
ିଵ±ඥଵమ ିସ×ଵ×(ି଺)
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬
ଶ×ଵ
ିଵ±ξଵାଶସ
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬
ଶ
ିଵାହ ିଵିହ
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
2SROLQyPLRWHP]HURV H
య
e) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1
62. ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = 0

ସ±ඥ(ିସ)మ ିସ×ଵ×ଷ
6HMD ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬
ଶ×ଵ
ସ±ξଵ଺ିଵଶ
֞‫=ݕ‬
ଶ
ସାଶ ସିଶ
֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫= ݕש‬
ଶ ଶ
֞‫= ݕ‬3‫= ݕש‬1
&RPR ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ , YHPTXH ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1.
C.S.= ൛െξ3, െ1, 1, ξ3ൟ
63. ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬6‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 31‫ ݔ‬+ 10 = 0

a) ܲ(‫)ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ 2MiTXHܲ(2) = 6 × 2ଷ + 2ଶ െ 31 × 2 + 10 = 0.
b) ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 6‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 31‫ ݔ‬+ 10 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(6‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 13‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = 0

֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ‫ ש‬6‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 13‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0
െ13 ± ඥ13ଶ െ 4 × 6 × (െ5)
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬
2×6
െ13 ± ξ289
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬
12
െ13 + 17 െ13 െ 17
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
12 12
4 െ30
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
12 12
ଵ ହ
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬ ‫= ݔש‬െ
ଷ ଶ
ଵ ହ
C.S. ቄ2, , െ ቅ
ଷ ଶ
64. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 15 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = 0

֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0
ିଶ±ඥଶమ ିସ×ଵ×(ିହ)
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ×ଵ
ିଶ±ξସାଶ଴
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ
ିଶାξଶସ ିଶିξଶସ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
ିଶାଶξ଺ ିଶିଶξ଺
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 + ξ6 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 െ ξ6
C.S. ൛െ3, െ1 + ξ6, െ1 െ ξ6ൟ
65.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 4) ൒ 0
‫ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
‫ݔ‬െ4=0֞‫= ݔ‬4
$VVLP ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 4. C.S. = {0} ‫[ ׫‬4, + f [

b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ < ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ < 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (1 െ ‫ < )ݔ‬0
‫ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
1െ‫= ݔ‬0֞ ‫= ݔ‬1
$VVLP ‫ ݔ‬ଶ < ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ < 0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬1. C.S. = ]1, + f [
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ൒ 0
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5) ൒ 0
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)((‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 5) ൒ 0
2
2EVHUYD-VHTXHpUDL]GRSROLQyPLR ‫ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3 െ 5‫ݔ‬2 െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 5SRLV ‫(ܣ‬1) = 1 – 5 u 1 – 1 + 5 = 0,
ORJR‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5)

ସ±ඥଵ଺ିସ×ଵ×(ିହ) ସ±ξଷ଺ ସ±଺
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ×ଵ ଶ ଶ
/RJR‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 5).
AVVLP ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ൒ 0 ֞ െ1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 5. C.S. = [ 1, 1] ‫[ ׫‬5, + f [
d) െ3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 20‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 27‫ ݔ‬+ 10 < 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 17‫ ݔ‬െ 10) < 0
2
֞ െ3(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5) < 0
3
2EVHUYD-VHTXHpUDL]GRSROLQyPLR‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ3‫ݔ‬3 + 20‫ݔ‬2 െ 27‫ ݔ‬+ 10SRLV
2
‫(ܤ‬1) = u 1 + 20 u 1 – ORJR‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ 1

‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 1)(െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 17‫ ݔ‬െ 10)

െ17 ± ඥ17ଶ െ 4 × (െ3) × (െ10) െ17 ± ξ169 െ17 ± 13
െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 17‫ ݔ‬െ 10 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2 × (െ3) െ6 െ6
ିସ ିଷ଴ ଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬5
ି଺ ି଺ ଷ
ଶ ଶ
/RJR‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 1)(െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 17‫ ݔ‬െ 10) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) × (െ3) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = െ3(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5).
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଶ
$VVLP െ3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 20‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 27‫ ݔ‬+ 10 < 0 ֞ < ‫ < ݔ‬1 ‫ > ݔ ש‬5. C.S. = ቃ , 1ቂ ‫] ׫‬5, +λ[
ଷ ଷ
66.
a) ‫ (ܤ‬1) = ( 1)4 + 2 u ( 1)– 16 u ( 1)2 – 2 u ( 1) + 15 = 1 – 2 – 16 + 2 + 15 = 0
/RJR p]HURGH ‫)ݔ(ܤ‬.
‫ ܤ‬4 + 2 u – 16 u 2 – 2 u = 81 + 54 – 144 – 6 + 15 = 0
/RJRp]HURGH‫)ݔ(ܤ‬.
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 15 = 0
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0
ିସ±ඥସమ ିସ×ଵ×(ିହ)
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ×ଵ
ିସ±ξଷ଺
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ
ିସା଺ ିସି଺
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ5
C.S. = { 5, `
c) ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 15 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
&RPR HVmR]HURVGH‫)ݔ(ܤ‬HQWmR‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ 1 HSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ 3.
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5) ൑ 0

֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ൑ 0
‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൑ 0 ֞ െ5 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ ש‬1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3

C.S. = [ 5, 1] ‫@> ׫‬
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 142 a 150
ଵ ଷ௫ మ ିହ௫ ଷ ହ
1. 'DVH[SUHVV}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVVmRSROLQyPLRV ‫= )ݔ(ܣ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 5‫ ݔ‬H ‫= )ݔ(ܥ‬ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬.
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
Opção (D)
2. ܸ(‫( = )ݔ‬12 െ ‫ ݔ( × ݔ × )ݔ‬+ 4) = 12‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 48‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ = െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 48‫ݔ‬
Opção (A)
3. 2JUDXGRSROLQyPLRSURGXWRGHXPSROLQyPLRGHJUDXSRUXPSROLQyPLRGHJUDXp1 + 4 = 5.
Opção (C)
4.
x $YHULJXHPRVRYDORUOyJLFRGDDILUPDomR,
2EVHUYD-VH TXH p UDL] GXSOD GH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬ H QmR GH PXOWLSOLFLGDGH ORJR D DILUPDomR , p
IDOVD
x $YHULJXHPRV RYDORUOyJLFRGDDILUPDomR,,
$DILUPDomR,,pYHUGDGHLUD
Opção (D)
5. 6HMD ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ݇‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 1.

p RUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬െ 2 VHܲ(2) = 7.
$VVLP2 × 2ଷ + ݇ × 2ଶ + 3 × 2 + 1 = 7 ฻ 16 + 4݇ + 6 + 1 = 7 ฻ 4݇ = െ16 ฻ ݇ = െ4.
Opção (B)
6. 6HMD ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ହ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2(݉ െ 1). ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ 1 VHܲ( 1) = 0. $VVLP
1
(െ1)ହ െ 3 × (െ1) + (െ1)ଶ + 2(݉ െ 1) = 0 ֞ െ1 + 3 + 1 + 2݉ െ 2 = 0 ฻ 2݉ = െ1 ฻ ݉ = െ
2
Opção (D)
7. (2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ݔ‬
ଷ
2‫ – ݔ‬ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ
ଶ
భ
ଶ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ ଷ ଵ ଻
$VVLPܳ(‫= )ݔ‬ + + = ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬+ Hܴ = .
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ସ
Opção (A)
8. 2EVHUYH-VHTXH(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 3)ସ ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 5)଺ ൒ 0.

/RJR (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ × (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ସ × (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)଺ ൒ 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ. $VVLP R FRQMXQWR-VROXomR GD LQHTXDomR
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ × (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ସ × (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)଺ < 0 p‫׎‬.
Opção (D)
9. െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)
Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ±ඥ(ିଶ)మ ିସ×(ିଵ)× ଷ
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔש‬െ3
ଶ×(ିଵ)
C.S. = ] λ, െ3] ‫[ ׫‬1, 4]
2EVHUYH-VHTXHQHVWDVFRQGLo}HVA(‫ݔ‬WHUiGHVHUXPSROLQyPLRWDOTXH
$VVLPGDVKLSyWHVHVDSUHVHQWDGDVWHP-VHTXHA(‫ݔ = )ݔ‬ 4.
Opção (B)
10.
3DUDTXHVHMDUDL]GXSODGHP(‫ݔ‬WHPTXHYHULILFDU-VH
4െ݇+݉ =0
൝
3 െ 2݇ + ݉ = 0
$VVLP
݉ =݇െ4 _____________ ݉ = െ5
൝ ฻൝ ฻൝
3 െ 2݇ + ݇ െ 4 = 0 െ݇ = 1 ݇ = െ1
Opção (C)
11. 6HMDP( x ) = x n + 1, n ‫ א‬Գ.

2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHP( x SRU x pP( 1).
$VVLPP( 1) = ( 1)n
x VHn ptPSDUP( 1) = 1 + 1 = 0.
x VHn pSDUP( 1) = 1 + 1 = 2.
Opção (B)
12. 6DEH-VH TXH GDGR XP SROLQyPLR P( x GH FRHILFLHQWHV LQWHLURV R UHVSHWLYR WHUPR GH JUDX
]HUR p P~OWLSOR LQWHLUR GH TXDOTXHU UDL] LQWHLUD GHVVH SROLQyPLR $VVLP VH p R WHUPR
LQGHSHQGHQWHGHP( x GDVRSo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVDSHQDVQmRpVHXGLYLVRU
Opção (D)
13.
x 6Hܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ 4HQWmRܲ(4) = 0.
x 6HGLYLGLQGRܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1 VHREWpPXPTXRFLHQWHܳ(‫ )ݔ‬HUHVWRLJXDOD–HQWmR
ܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1) × ܳ(‫ )ݔ‬െ 21.
3UHWHQGH-VHVDEHURUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHܳ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU ‫ ݔ‬െ 4RXVHMDܳ(4).
&RPRܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1) u ܳ(‫ – )ݔ‬HQWmR
ܲ(4) = (4 1) u ܳ(4) – 21 ฻ u ܳ(4) – 21
ଶଵ
฻ ܳ(4) =
ଷ
฻ ܳ(4) = 7
Opção (C)
14.
௫
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + +ξ2
ଶ
*UDX
ଵ
&RHILFLHQWHV 5; ; ξ2
ଶ
2SROLQyPLRpFRPSOHWR
ହ
b) 4‫ ݔ‬ହ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 11‫ݔ‬
ସ
*UDX
ହ
&RHILFLHQWHV –11; 0
ସ
2SROLQyPLRpLQFRPSOHWR
15.
௫మ ଵ ହ௫ మ ଵ ௫మ ଵ ହ௫ మ ଵ
a) ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ + ቁ + ቀെ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + + ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ = ‫ݔ‬ଷ െ + െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + +‫ ݔ‬െ
ଷ ସ ଺ ଶ ଷ ସ ଺ ଶ
௫మ ହ௫ మ ଵ ଵ
= ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ + +‫ ݔ‬+ െ
ଷ ଺ ସ ଶ
ଶ௫ మ ହ௫ మ ଵ ଶ
= െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ + +‫ ݔ‬+ െ
଺ ଺ ସ ସ
ଷ௫ మ ଵ
= െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + +‫ ݔ‬െ
଺ ସ
௫మ ଵ
= െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + +‫ ݔ‬െ
ଶ ସ
௫మ ଵ ହ௫ మ ଵ ௫మ ଵ ହ௫ మ ଵ
b) ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ + ቁ െ ቀെ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + + ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ = ‫ݔ‬ଷ െ + +2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ െ‫ ݔ‬+
ଷ ସ ଺ ଶ ଷ ସ ଺ ଶ
௫మ ହ௫ మ ଵ ଵ
= ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ െ െ‫ ݔ‬+ +
ଷ ଺ ସ ଶ
ଶ௫ మ ହ௫ మ ଵ ଶ
= 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ െ െ‫ ݔ‬+ +
଺ ଺ ସ ସ
଻௫ మ ଷ
= 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ െ‫ ݔ‬+
଺ ସ
c) (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = (2‫)ݔ‬ଶ ଶ
െ 1 = 4‫ ݔ‬െ 1ଶ
d) (‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ )(െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4) = െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ݔ‬
e) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
= ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 8
f) (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ହ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2
= ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2
= ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2
16.
a) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) × 2 + (െ1)

Q HR = 1
b) ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 1 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ െ 1
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)‫ ݔ‬+ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)

Q( x ) = x HR( x ) = x –1
c) ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 3
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6

Q( x ) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ HR = 6
d) ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ + 2
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + (െ2‫)ݔ‬

Q( x ) = x – HR( x ) = 2 x
e) ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1) + 2

Q( x ) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 HR = 2
f) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ଺ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ହ + 4‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 4 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1
2‫ ଺ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ହ + 4‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = (‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4) + 0
Q( x ) = 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4 HR = 0
௫య ଵହ ଵଷ ଵଷ ଶ ଷ
g) ‫= )ݔ(ܣ‬ െ + ‫ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ H‫= )ݔ(ܤ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ
ଷ ସ ଵଶ ଼ ଷ ସ
௫య ଵଷ ଵଷ ଵହ ଶ ଷ ௫మ
+ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬െ =ቀ ‫ݔ‬െ ቁቀ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 5ቁ + 0
ଷ ଼ ଵଶ ସ ଷ ସ ଶ
௫మ
Q( x ) = +3‫ ݔ‬+ 5 HR = 0
ଶ
17.
a) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 1
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬െ (െ1)
5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(5‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + 1

Q( x ) = 5‫ ݔ‬െ 2 HR = 1
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ ξ2
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = ൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2൯(2‫ ݔ‬+ 2ξ2)
Q( x ) = 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2ξ2 HR = 0
c) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 24 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 2
2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 24 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10) + 4

Q( x ) = 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10 HR = 4
ଵ
d) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+
ଶ
1 1
‫ݔ‬+ = ‫ ݔ‬െ ൬െ ൰
2 2
1 7 13
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = ൬‫ ݔ‬+ ൰ ൬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ ൰ +
2 2 4
଻ ଵଷ
Q( x ) = െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ HR =
ଶ ସ
e) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬4‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5 H‫ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬
‫ݔ = ݔ‬െ0
4‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = ‫(ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 4) + 5

Q( x ) = 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 4 HR = 5
f) ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ହ + 6‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 36‫ ݔ‬െ 5 H‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 2

‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬െ (െ2)
‫ ݔ‬ହ + 6‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 36‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬ସ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 18‫ )ݔ‬+ (െ5)
Q( x ) = ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 18‫ ݔ‬HR = 5
18.
a) A(1) = 2 u 14 – 12 – 4 u – 1 – 4 +
b) A( 1) = 2 u ( 1)4 – ( 1)2 – 4 u ( –
c) A(0) = 2 u 04 – 02 – 4 u – 0 –
d) A(ξ3) = 2 u (ξ3)4 – (ξ3)2 4(ξ3 u 9 – 4ξ3 4ξ3
19.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 12 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଵ±ඥଵିସ×(ିଵଶ) ିଵ±ξସଽ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 12 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ିଵ±଻
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
ଶ
ଵଵ
b) 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 22 = 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
ଷ
Cálculo auxiliar
ିହ±ඥଶହିସ×ଷ×(ିଶଶ) ିହ±ξଶ଼ଽ
3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 22 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
଺ ଺
ିହ±ଵ଻ ଵଵ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬െ ‫= ݔש‬2
଺ ଷ
ହ
c) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 15 = 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ±ඥଵିସ×ଶ×(ିଵହ) ଵ±ξଵଶଵ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 15 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ସ ସ
ଵ±ଵଵ ହ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫= ݔ‬3‫ = ݔש‬െ
ସ ଶ
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 9‫ ݔ(ݔ = ݔ‬ଶ െ 9) = ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)

e) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 10‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 25‫ ݔ(ݔ = ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25) = ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ = ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 5)(‫ ݔ‬+ 5)
f) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
ଶ±ඥସିସ×(ିଷ) ଶ±ξଵ଺
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଶ±ସ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ
ଶ ଶ
g) 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9) = 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3)
ଷ ଷ
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଶ±ξସିସ×ଵ×ଷ ିଶ±ξି଼
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
(TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ.
2SROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 QmRDGPLWHUDt]HV UHDLV ORJRQmRSRGHVHUGHFRPSRVWRHPIDWRUHV
h) 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 9‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
1
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)2(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) ൬‫ ݔ‬+ ൰
2
1
= 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) ൬‫ ݔ‬+ ൰
2
ିଽ±ξ଼ଵିସ×ଶ×ସ ିଽ±ξସଽ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 9‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ସ ସ
ିଽ±଻ ଵ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ
ସ ଶ
i) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6)
= (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)
ଵ±ඥଵିସ×(ି଺) ଵ±ξଶହ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵ±ହ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
ଶ
j) 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 12‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 7‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
ଵ
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)2(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ
ଵ
= 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ
ିହ±ξଶହିସ×ଶ×ଶ ିହ±ξଽ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ฻‫=ݔ‬
ସ ସ
ିହ±ଷ ଵ
฻‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ
ସ ଶ
k) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)

= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ
= (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)
Cálculo auxiliar
2VGLYLVRUHVLQWHLURVGH VmRH 1
l) 3‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 12‫ ݔ‬ସ + 9‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 12‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݔ( = ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫)ݔ‬
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)3‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)3‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
= 3‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
Cálculo auxiliar
20.
a) H VmRUDt]HVGRSROLQyPLRGHJUDXP( x (QWmRP( x ) = ܽ( x + 2)( x + 1), ܽ ് 0.
&RPRRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHP( x SRU x – pYHPTXHP RXVHMD
ଵ଼
ܽ(1 + 2)(1 + 1) = 18 ฻ ܽ u u 2 = 18 ฻ ܽ u 6 = 18 ฻ ܽ = ฻ܽ=
଺
/RJRP( x x + 2)( x + 1) x 2 + 2 x + x + 2) x 2 x + 2) = x 2 + 9 x + 6.
b) pUDL]GXSODHpUDL]VLPSOHVGRSROLQyPLRGHJUDXP( x (QWmR
P( x ) = ܽ( x 5)( x 5)( x 0) (ܽ ് 0) = ܽ x ( x 5)( x 5)
&RPRRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHP( x SRU x – p
P(4) = 8 ฻ ܽ u 4 u (4 5) u (4 5) = 8 ฻ 4 ܽ u ( 1) u ( 1) = 8 ฻ 4 ܽ = 8 ฻ ܽ = 2
/RJRP( x ) = 2 x ( x 5)( x 5) = 2 x ( x 2 10 x + 25) = 2 x 20 x 2 + 50 x .
21.
a) P( – × ( 2 9 × ( = 27 – × 9 + 27 + 27 =0
&RPRP( pXPDUDL]GHP( x ).
b)
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9‫ ݔ‬+ 27 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9) = (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)
p XPDUDL]GXSODGHP( x ).
c) P( x ) = 0 ฻ ( x x x
฻ x ‫ש‬ x – ‫ש‬ x –
฻ x = ‫ ש‬x ‫ש‬ x
C.S. = { `
d) ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0 ฻ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) ൒ 0 ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ3
‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3
‫ݔ‬െ3=0֞‫= ݔ‬3
C.S. = [ λ[
22.
a) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 2(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)
‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = ‫ ݔ‬െ (െ3)
2
Q1( x ) = 2 x – 2 x – 2 R=6
2 2 2 (ଶ௫ మ ିଶ௫ିଶ)
2 x + 4 x – 8 x = ( x x – 2 x – 2) + 6 ฻ 2 x + 4 x – 8 x = 2( x
ଶ
+6
$VVLPRTXRFLHQWHHRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHA( x SRUB( x VmR
Q( x ) = x2– x – HR = 6
ଵ
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଷ 1 1
‫ݔ‬+ = ‫ ݔ‬െ ൬െ ൰
3 3

ଵ ଵସ ଵଷ
Q1( x ) = 6 x – 2 x +
2
x + R=
ଷ ଽ ଶ଻
ଵ ହ ଵ ଵ ଵସ ଵଷ
6x4– x2+ x + 1 = ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ ቀ6‫ ݔ‬ଷ – 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + x + ቁ+
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଽ ଶ଻
భ భర
ଵ ହ ଵ ቀ଺௫ య – ଶ௫ మ ା ௫ ା ቁ ଵଷ
4 య వ
฻6x – x 2
+ x ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଶ଻
ଶ ଵ ଵସ ଵଷ
Q( x ) = 2 x – x2+ x + HR =
ଷ ଽ ଶ଻ ଶ଻
c) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 2ξ2 = 2(‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2)

Cálculo auxiliar
െξ8 + ξ2 = െ2ξ2 + ξ2 = െξ2
Q1( x ) = ξ2 x + x 2 – ξ2 x +1 R=0
4
ξ2 x – x – ξ8 x 2 x – ξ2 = ( x – ξ2)( ξ2 x + x 2 – ξ2 x + 1)
(ξଶ௫ య ା௫ మ ିξଶ௫ାଵ)
฻ ξ2 x 4 – x – ξ8 x 2 x – ξ2 = 2( x – ξ2)
ଶ
ξଶ ଵ ξଶ ଵ
Q( x ) = x+ x2 x + HR = 0
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
23.
a) 6HMDPn1, n2 Hn DVRUGHQVGHPXOWLSOLFLGDGHGH x 1, x 2 H x , UHVSHWLYDPHQWH6DEHPRVTXHn1 + n2
+ n ൑ LVWRpn ൑ 7 ฻ n ൑ /RJR x QmRSRGHWHUPXOWLSOLFLGDGHVXSHULRUD
b) $PXOWLSOLFLGDGHGH x pSRLVVHIRVVHWHUtDPRVTXHA( x ) = ( x – x 1)2( x – x 2)( x – x )Q( x ),
VHQGRQ( x ) XPSROLQyPLRGHJUDXLJXDOD H, FRPRWRGRRSROLQyPLRGHJUDXXPDGPLWHXPDUDL]R
SROLQyPLRA( x DGPLWLULDUDt]HVHQmRUDt]HVRTXHQmRDFRQWHFH.
24. &RPRH VmRUDt]HVVLPSOHVH pXPDUDL]GXSODGRSROLQyPLRGHTXDUWRJUDXHQWmR

P( x ) = ܽ ( x 1)( x + 1)( x + 2)( x + 2) (ܽ ് 0).
ଵ
&RPRRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHP( x SRU x + pYHP
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
Pቀെ ቁ = 27 ฻ ܽ (െ 1)( െ + 1)( െ + 2 )( െ + 2) = 27
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଷ
฻ ܽ × ቀെ ቁ× × × = 27
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଶ଻
฻െ ܽ = 27
ଵ଺
ଵ଺×ଶ଻
฻ܽ=െ
ଶ଻
฻ ܽ = െ16
/RJR P( x ) = 16 ( x 1)( x + 1)( x + 2)( x + 2)
= 16( x 2 1)( x 2 + 4 x + 4)
= 16( x 4 + 4 x + 4 x 2 – x 2 4 x 4)
= 16( x 4 + 4 x x 2 4 x 4)
= 16 x 4 – 64 x – 48 x 2 + 64 x + 64
25.
a) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬4‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = 4(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬p‫(ܣ‬2)
‫(ܣ‬2) = 2 u 22 – 5 u 2 + 4 = 8 + 12 – 10 + 4 = 2
ଶ
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ
ଷ
ଶ
2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬p‫ܣ‬ ቀ ቁ
ଷ
ଶ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ
‫ܣ‬ቀ ቁ=െቀ ቁ +3 × ቀ ቁ െ5 × ቀ ቁ +4
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
଼ ସ ଵ଴
=െ + െ +4
ଶ଻ ଷ ଷ
଼ ଷ଺ ଽ଴ ଵ଴଼
=െ + െ +
ଶ଻ ଶ଻ ଶ଻ ଶ଻
ସ଺
=
ଶ଻
ଶ ଵ
c) ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 4 ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ = 4ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ 1 1
ସ ଶ
‫ݔ‬+ = ‫ ݔ‬െ ൬െ ൰
ଵ 2 2
2UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬SRU‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬p‫ ܣ‬ቀെ ቁ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଶ ଵ
‫ ܣ‬ቀെ ቁ = െ ቀെ ቁ +3 × ቀെ ቁ െ5 × ቀെ ቁ +4
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ହ
= െ ቀെ ቁ +3 × + +4
଼ ସ ଶ
ଵ ଷ ହ ସ ଵ ଺ ଶ଴ ଷଶ ହଽ
= + + + = + + + =
଼ ସ ଶ ଵ ଼ ଼ ଼ ଼ ଼
26. P( x pGLYLVtYHOSRU x VHHVyVH pXPDUDL]GHP( x LVWRpP( 1) = 0.
O UHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHP( x SRU x – pVHP
$VVLP
ܲ(െ1) = 0 ܽ × (െ1)ଷ + 2 × (െ1)ଶ + ܿ × (െ1) + 2 = 0

൞ ฻൞
ܲ(3) = 40 ܽ × (3)ଷ + 2 × (3)ଶ + ܿ × 3 + 2 = 40
െܽ + 2 െ ܿ + 2 = 0
฻൞
27ܽ + 18 + 3ܿ + 2 = 40
െܽ െ ܿ = െ4
฻൞
27ܽ + 3ܿ = 20
ܽ+ܿ =4
฻൞
27ܽ + 3ܿ = 20
ܿ =4െܽ
฻൞
27ܽ + 3(4 െ ܽ) = 20
__________
฻ ൞27ܽ + 12 െ 3ܽ = 20
___________ 1 11
____________ ܿ = 4െ ܿ=
฻ ൞ 24ܽ = 8 ฻ ൞ ܽ = 8 ฻൞ 3 ฻൞ 3
24 1 1
ܽ= ܽ=
3 3
ଵ ଵଵ
ܽ= Hܿ =
ଷ ଷ
ହ
27. 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 2 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ
ଶ
ହ ହ
6HP( x pGLYLVtYHOSRU x – HQWmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ . /RJRPቀ ቁ = 0.
ଶ ଶ
5
6‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 21‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 30 = ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ (6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 12)
2
5
= ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ 6(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ (െ1))
2
5
= 6 ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)൫‫ ݔ‬െ (െ1)൯
2
଺±ඥଷ଺ିସ×଺×(ିଵଶ)
6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 12 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬
ଵଶ
଺±ξଷ଺ାଶ଼଼
฻‫=ݔ‬
ଵଶ
଺±ξଷଶସ
฻‫=ݔ‬
ଵଶ
଺±ଵ଼
฻ ‫=ݔ‬
ଵଶ
฻ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
28.
a) P(1) = 6 u 1 – 7 u 12 – 14 u 1 + 15 = 6 – 7 – 14 + 15 = 0
&RPRP pUDL]GHP( x ).
ହ ଷ
b) ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬6‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 14‫ ݔ‬+ 15 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 15) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)6 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଷ ଶ
ହ ଷ
= 6(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଷ ଶ
2 ଵ±ඥଵିସ×଺×(ିଵହ) ଵ±ξଵାଷ଺଴ ଵ±ଵଽ

6x – x 15 = 0 ฻ x =
ଵଶ
฻ x =
ଵଶ
฻ x =
ଵଶ
ଶ଴ ଵ଼ ହ ଷ
฻ x = ‫ש‬ x =െ ฻ x = ‫ש‬ x= െଶ
ଵଶ ଶ ଷ
ହ ଷ ହ ଷ
c) P( x ) = 0 ฻ 6(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ = 0 ฻
ଷ ଶ
x 1=0‫ݔש‬െ =0‫ݔש‬+ =0
ଷ ଶ
ହ ଷ
฻ x =1‫=ݔש‬ ‫=ݔש‬െ
ଷ ଶ
ହ ଷ
C.S. = ቄ , 1, െ ቅ
ଷ ଶ
ହ ଷ ହ ଷ
d) P( x ) < 0 ฻ 6(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ < 0 ฻ ( x
ଷ ଶ
1)ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ < 0
ଷ ଶ
ଷ ହ
฻ x < െ ‫ש‬1< x <
ଶ ଷ
ହ ହ ଷ
x 1=0฻ x =1 ‫ݔ‬െ
ଷ
=0฻ x =
ଷ
‫ ݔ‬+ ଶ ฻ x = െ.
ଷ ହ
C.S. = ቃെλ, െ ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቃ1, ቂ
ଶ ଷ
29.
a) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRP( x ) = 2 x – 6 x + 4.
2 ିଶ±ඥସିସ×ଶ×(ିସ) ିଶ±ξଷ଺ ିଶ±଺

2x +2x –4=0฻ x =
ସ
฻ x =
ସ
฻ x =
ସ
฻ x = 2 ‫ ש‬x =1
P( x ) = 2 x – 6 x + 4 = ( x – 1)(2 x 2 + 2 x – 4) = ( x – 1)2( x + 2)( x – 1)

= 2( x – 1)( x – 1)( x + 2)

2 x – 6 x = –4 ฻ 2 x – 6 x + 4 = 0 ฻ 2( x – 1)( x – 1)( x + 2) = 0
฻ x –1=0‫ש‬ x –1=0‫ש‬ x +2=0
฻ x =1‫ש‬ x =1‫ש‬ x = 2
C.S. = {1, –2}
b) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRP( x ) = 2 x – 7 x 2 + 9.
2 ଵ±ඥଵିସ×ଶ×(ିଷ) ଵ±ξଶହ ଵ±ହ ଷ

2x – x – ฻ x = ฻ x = ฻ x = ฻ x = ‫ש‬ x =–1
ସ ସ ସ ଶ
ଷ
P( x ) = 2 x – 7 x 2 + 9 = ( x – x 2 – x – = ( x – x – )( x + 1)
ଶ
ଷ
= 2( x – x – )( x + 1)
ଶ
ଷ ଷ
2x–7x2+9=0 2( x – x – )( x + 1) = 0 ฻ x – ‫ש‬ x – =0‫ ש‬x +1=0
ଶ ଶ
ଷ
฻ x ‫ש‬ x = ‫ש‬ x = –1
ଶ
ଷ
C.S. = ቄെ1, , 3ቅ
ଶ
c) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRP( x ) = x 4 – 2 x + 2 x 1.
Cálculo auxiliar
P( x ) = x 4 – 2 x + 2 x – 1 = ( x + 1)( x 1)( x 2 2 x + 1)
= ( x + 1)( x 1)( x 1)2
= ( x + 1)( x 1)( x 1)( x 1)
x 4 – 2 x + 2 x – 1 = 0 ฻ ( x + 1)( x – 1)( x – 1)( x – 1) = 0
฻ x +1=0‫ ש‬x –1=0‫ ש‬x –1=0‫ ש‬x –1=0
฻ x = –1 ‫ ש‬x = 1 ‫ ש‬x = 1 ‫ ש‬x = 1
C.S. = {–1, 1}
d) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRP( x ) = 4 x 4 – 12 x + x 2 + 12 x + 4.
4 2
P( x ) = 4 x – 12 x + x + 12 x + 4 Cálculo auxiliar
= ( x – 2)( x – 2)(4 x 2 + 4 x + 1)
= ( x – 2)( x – 2)(2 x + 1)(2 x + 1)
4 x 4 – 12 x + x 2 + 12 x + 4 = 0 ฻ ( x – 2)( x – 2)(2 x + 1)(2 x + 1) = 0

฻ x –2=0‫ש‬ x –2=0‫ש‬2x +1=0‫ש‬2x +1=0
ଵ ଵ
฻ x =2‫ש‬ x =2‫ש‬ x =െ ‫ש‬ x =െ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
C.S. = ቄെ , 2ቅ
ଶ
e) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRP( x ) = x 4 + 5 x + 4 x 2.
P( x ) = x 4 + 5 x + 4 x 2 = x 2( x 2 + 5 x + 4) Cálculo auxiliar
2 ିହ±ξଶହିସ×ଵ×ସ
= x ( x + 4)( x + 1) x2+5x +4=0฻ x =
ଶ
= x × x ( x + 4)( x + 1) ିହ±ξଽ
฻ x =
ଶ
ିହ±ଷ
฻ x =
ଶ
4 2
x + 5 x + 4 x = 0 ฻ x u x ( x + 4)( x + 1) = 0 ฻ x = 4 ‫ ש‬x = 1
฻ x =0‫ ש‬x =0‫ ש‬x +4=0‫ ש‬x +1=0
฻ x = 0 ‫ ש‬x = 0 ‫ ש‬x = –4 ‫ ש‬x = –1
C.S. = {0, –4, –1}
30.
a) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLRܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ .
ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = ‫ ݔ(ݔ × ݔ‬െ 1) Cálculos auxiliares
ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ‫=ݔ‬0
‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ < ݔ‬െ ‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ × ݔ‬െ 1) < 0
‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
֞‫< ݔ‬0‫ש‬0<‫ < ݔ‬1
C.S.= ] െ λ, 0[‫]׫‬0, 1[
b) &RPHFHPRVSRUIDWRUL]DURSROLQyPLR ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5.
ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 5)
െ3 ± ξ9 െ 4 × 3 × 5 െ3 ± ξെ51
3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
6 6
3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 < 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 0 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬1

C.S. = ] െ λ, 1[
c) ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ସ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 16‫ ݔ‬െ 12 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
= (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
1 ± ඥ1 െ 4 × (െ2) 1 ± ξ9 1±3
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
2 2 2
‫ ݔ‬ସ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 16‫ ݔ‬െ 12 ൒ 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) ൒ 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ3 ‫ ש‬െ2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 2
C.S. = ] െ λ, െ3] ‫[ ׫‬െ2, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬2, +λ[
d) ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ସ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6) = ‫ ݔ( × ݔ × ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
Cálculo auxiliar
5 ± ξ25 െ 4 × 6 5±1
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬3‫= ݔש‬2
2 2
‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ( × ݔ × ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) > 0

֞‫< ݔ‬0‫ש‬0< ‫ < ݔ‬2‫> ݔש‬3
C.S. = ] െ λ, 0[‫]׫‬0, 2[‫]׫‬3, +λ[
e) ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫(ݔ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4)
= ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 4) Cálculo auxiliar
= െ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
= െ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ
= െ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
െ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) < 0
֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) > 0
֞ ‫ < ݔ‬െ1 ‫ ש‬0 < ‫ < ݔ‬2 ‫ > ݔ ש‬2
C.S. = ] െ λ, െ1[‫]׫‬0, 2[‫]׫‬3, +λ[
31.
ଵ ଷ
a) (2‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(1 െ 2‫ < )ݔ(ܤ)ݔ‬0 ֞ <‫< ݔ‬1‫ש‬ <‫<ݔ‬2
ଶ ଶ
3
2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
1
1 െ 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ 1 = 2‫= ݔ ֞ ݔ‬
2
ଵ ଷ
C.S. = ቃ , 1ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቃ , 2ቂ
ଶ ଶ
b) (െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ )ݔ(ܤ)ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2)‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൒ 0 ֞‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 1
‫=ݔ‬0
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ െ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
C.S. = ] െ λ, 0] ‫[ ׫‬1, +λ[
c) (െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬െ 9)‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൑ 0 ֞ െ(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9)‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൑ 0
֞ െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൑ 0
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬൒ 0
֞1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
&6 ^` [1, 2]
32. 6HMD ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬XP SROLQyPLR H ‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬XP SROLQyPLR GH JUDX 6HMD ܳ(‫ )ݔ‬H ܴ RV SROLQyPLRV
TXRFLHQWH HUHVWRGDGLYLVmRLQWHLUDGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU ‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫(ݐ‬QWmRܲ(‫ ݔݏ( = )ݔ‬െ ‫ )ݔ(ܳ × )ݐ‬+ ܴ.
௧
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬SRU QHVWDLJXDOGDGHYHPTXH
௦
௧ ௧ ௧ ௧ ௧
ܲ ቀ ቁ = ቀ‫ × ݏ‬௦௧ െ ‫ݐ‬ቁ × ܳ ቀ ቁ +ܴ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0 × ܳ ቀ ቁ +ܴ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = ܴ
௦ ௦ ௦ ௦ ௦
௧
)LFDSURYDGRTXHRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGH ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬p ܲ ቀ ቁ.
௦
33.
a) 6HMD ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬XP SROLQyPLR H ‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬XP SROLQyPLR GH JUDX 6XSRQKDPRV TXH ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬p GLYLVtYHO
SRU‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫(ݐ‬QWmR, ܲ(‫ ݔݏ( = )ݔ‬െ ‫)ݔ(ܳ × )ݐ‬, VHQGRܳ(‫ )ݔ‬XPSROLQyPLR
௧
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬SRU QDLJXDOGDGHDQWHULRUYHPTXH
௦
௧ ௧ ௧ ௧
ܲ ቀ ቁ = ቀ‫ × ݏ‬௦௧ െ ‫ݐ‬ቁ × ܳ ቀ௦௧ቁ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0 × ܳ ቀ ቁ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0
௦ ௦ ௦ ௦
௧
)LFDSURYDGRTXHVHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ݐ‬HQWmR ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0.
௦
௧
b) 6HMD ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬XP SROLQyPLR H ‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬XP SROLQyPLR GH JUDX 6XSRQKDPRV TXH ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0. 6HMD
௦
ܳ(‫ )ݔ‬Hܴ RVSROLQyPLRVTXRFLHQWHHUHVWRUHVSHWLYDPHQWHGDGLYLVmRLQWHLUDGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ݐ‬.
௧
(QWmR, ܲ(‫ ݔݏ( = )ݔ‬െ ‫ )ݔ(ܳ × )ݐ‬+ ܴ. 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬SRU QHVWD~OWLPDLJXDOGDGHYHPTXH
௦
௧ ௧ ௧ ௧ ௧
ܲ ቀ ቁ = ቀ‫ × ݏ‬௦௧ െ ‫ݐ‬ቁ × ܳ ቀ ቁ +ܴ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0 × ܳ ቀ ቁ +ܴ ֞ ܲ ቀ ቁ = ܴ
௦ ௦ ௦ ௦ ௦
௧ ௧
2XVHMDRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬SRU‫ ݔݏ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬p ܲ ቀ ቁ(QWmRܲ(‫ ݔݏ( = )ݔ‬െ ‫ )ݔ(ܳ × )ݐ‬+ ܲ ቀ ቁ.
௦ ௦
௧
8PDYH]TXH ܲ ቀ ቁ = 0YHPTXH ܲ(‫ ݔݏ( = )ݔ‬െ ‫)ݔ(ܳ × )ݐ‬RXVHMD, ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRUt.
௦
34.
a) ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ VHHVyVHܽ pXPDUDL]GH ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ . 6HVXEVWLWXLUPRV‫ ݔ‬SRUܽ QR
SROLQyPLR ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ YHP ܽ௡ െ ܽ௡ = 0, RX VHMD ܽ p XPD UDL] GH ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ . )LFD SURYDGR TXH
‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ.
b) () &RPHFHPRVSRUSURYDUTXHVH‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽHQWmR݊ pSDU6HMD‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡
GLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ. (QWmR ܽ pXPDUDL]GH ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ . 2XVHMD

௔೙
(െܽ)௡ െ ܽ௡ = 0 ֞ (െܽ)௡ = ܽ௡ ֞ (െ1)௡ × ܽ௡ = ܽ௡ ֞ (െ1)௡ = (ܽ ് 0)
௔೙
֞ (െ1)௡ = 1
6Hn IRUtPSDU(െ1)௡ = െ1, ORJR݊ WHPTXHVHUSDU
() 9DPRVSURYDUTXHVH݊ pSDUHQWmR‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ. 6HMD݊ SDU
ܽ p UDL]GH ‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ SRLV(െܽ)௡ െ ܽ௡ = (െ1)௡ × ܽ௡ െ ܽ௡

ณ 1 × ܽ௡ െ ܽ௡ = ܽ௡ െ ܽ௡ = 0
=
௡ é ୮ୟ୰
௡ ௡
/RJR‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ.
)LFDSURYDGRTXH‫ ݔ‬௡ െ ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ VHHVyVH݊ pSDU
c) () &RPHFHPRVSRUSURYDUTXHVH‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽHQWmR݊ ptPSDU
6HMD‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ GLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ(QWmR– ܽ pUDL]GH‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ LVWRp

௔೙
(െܽ)௡ + ܽ௡ = 0 ֞ (െ1)௡ × ܽ௡ = െܽ௡ ֞ (െ1)௡ = െ (ܽ ് 0)
௔೙
֞ (െ1)௡ = െ1
6H݊ IRUSDU (െ1)௡ = െ1HQWmR݊ ptPSDU
() 9DPRVSURYDUTXHVH݊ ptPSDUHQWmR‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ. 6HMD݊ tPSDU
ܽ pUDL]GH ‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ SRLV (െܽ)௡ + ܽ௡ = (െ1)௡ × ܽ௡ + ܽ௡

ณ
= െ 1 × ܽ௡ + ܽ௡ = െܽ௡ + ܽ௡ = 0
௡ é À୫୮ୟ୰
௡ ௡
/RJR‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ.
)LFDSURYDGRTXH‫ ݔ‬௡ + ܽ௡ pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ VHHVyVH݊ ptPSDU
35.
a) ܲ(ܽ) + ܲ(െܽ) = ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ ܽଶ௡ െ ܽ + 1 + (െܽ)ଶ௡ାଵ െ (െܽ)ଶ௡ + ܽ + 1
= ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ ܽଶ௡ െ ܽ + 1 + (െ1)ଶ௡ାଵ × ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ (െ1)ଶ௡ × ܽଶ௡ + ܽ + 1
= ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ ܽଶ௡ െ ܽ + 1 + (െ1) × ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ 1 × ܽଶ௡ + ܽ + 1
= ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ ܽଶ௡ െ ܽ + 1 െ ܽଶ௡ାଵ െ ܽଶ௡ + ܽ + 1
= 2 െ 2ܽଶ௡ FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU.
Nota:
2݊ + 1, ݊ ‫ א‬Գ UHSUHVHQWDXPQ~PHUR tPSDU2݊, ݊ ‫ א‬Գ UHSUHVHQWDXPQ~PHURSDU
b) íHVmR]HURVGHܲSRLV
x VH ݊ pSDU, ܲí í × (1 í 1) × (1 + Hܲ(1) = 0 × 0 × (1 + 1) = 0.
x VH ݊ ptPSDU, ܲí í2 × í í 1) × í + Hܲ(1) = 0 × 0 × (1 + 1) = 0.
3URYHPRVTXHRJUDXGHPXOWLSOLFLGDGHGDUDL]p $WUDYpVGDUHJUDGH5XIILQLSURYD-VHTXH
‫ ݔ‬௡ െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬௡ିଵ + ‫ ݔ‬௡ିଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
‫ ݔ‬௡ିଵ + ‫ ݔ‬௡ିଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 QmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1SRLV1௡ିଵ + 1௡ିଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ 1 + 1 = ݊ × 1 = ݊
7HP-VHHQWmRTXHp]HURVLPSOHVGH‫ ݔ‬௡ െ 1.
‫ ݔ‬௡ + 1 WDPEpPQmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1SRLV1௡ + 1 = 2.
&RQFOXtPRVTXHܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬௡ିଵ + ‫ ݔ‬௡ିଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬௡ + 1)
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬௡ିଵ + ‫ ݔ‬௡ିଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬௡ + 1)
LVWRpp]HURGXSORGHܲ.
36.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 19‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 48 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ െ 19‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 48 = 0
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬ଶ SRU y YHPTXH
ଵଽ±ξଷ଺ଵିସ×ସ଼ ଵଽ±ξଵ଺ଽ ଵଽ±ଵଷ

‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 19‫ ݕ‬+ 48 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬16 ‫ = ݕ ש‬3
ଶ ଶ ଶ
b) 6XEVWLWXLQGR y SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ WHPRV‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 16 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ3
C.S. = ൛4, െ4 െ െξ3, ξ3ൟ
37.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 13‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 36 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ െ 13‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 36 = 0
6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ SRU y YHPTXH
ଵଷ±ξଵ଺ଽିସ×ଷ଺ ଵଷ±ξଶହ ଵଷ±ହ

‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 13‫ ݕ‬+ 36 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫= ݕ‬9‫ = ݕש‬4
ଶ ଶ ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGR y SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ WHPRV‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
&6 ^ 2}

b) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 26‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 25 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ െ 26‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 25 = 0
ଶ଺±ξ଺଻଺ିସ×ଶହ ଶ଺±ξହ଻଺ ଶ଺±ଶସ

‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 26‫ ݕ‬+ 25 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬25 ‫ = ݕ ש‬1
ଶ ଶ ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGR y SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ WHPRV‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 25 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
C.S. = {5, 5, 1, 1}
c) 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 26‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 80 = 0 ֞ 2(‫ ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ െ 26‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 80 = 0
6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ SRU y YHPTXH
ଶ଺±ξ଺଻଺ିସ×ଶ×଼଴ ଶ଺±ξଷ଺ ଶ଺±଺

2‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 26‫ ݕ‬+ 80 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫= ݕ‬8‫= ݕש‬5
ସ ସ ସ
6XEVWLWXLQGR y SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ WHPRV
‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 8 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 5 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ8 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ8 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ5

֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ5
C.S. = ൛െ2ξ2, 2ξ2, െξ5, ξ5ൟ
d) ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0
ଷ±ඥଽିସ×(ିସ) ଷ±ξଶହ ଷ±ହ

‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݕ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬4 ‫ = ݕ ש‬െ1
ଶ ଶ ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGR y SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ WHPRV‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 ‫ש‬ ‫ݔ‬ ଶ

ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
= െ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
୧୫୮୭ୱୱÀ୴ୣ୪ ୣ୫ Թ
C.S. = {2, 2}
Desafios
Página 151
1.
a) 6HJXLQGRRH[HPSORGHVFULWRSRGHPRVFRQVLGHUDURSROLQyPLRܲ(‫ ݔ(ݔ = )ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2).
b) 2 JUDX GR SROLQyPLR SURGXWR p LJXDO j VRPD GRV JUDXV GRV SROLQyPLRV PXOWLSOLFDGRV ORJR R
JUDXGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬p
2.
௫(௫ିଶ)
a) 6HJXLQGRRH[HPSORDQWHULRUSRGHPRVFRQVLGHUDU‫= )ݔ(ܤ‬ .
ିଵ
(௫ିଵ)(௫ିଶ)
b) 'HIRUPDDQiORJDSRGHPRVFRQVLGHUDU‫= )ݔ(ܥ‬ .
ଶ
c) 3RGHPRVFRQILUPDUTXH
P(0) 2C(0) 1B(0) 6A(0) 2 u 11 u 0 6 u 0 2
P(1) 2C(1) 1B(1) 6A(1) 2 u 0 1 u 1 6 u 0 1
P(2) 2C(2) 1B(2) 6A(2) 2 u 0 1 u 0 6 u 1 6
/RJR, HVWHpRSROLQyPLRSURFXUDGR
d) ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ )ݔ(ܥ‬+ ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 6‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) െ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2) + 3‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1) = 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2
3. 6HJXLQGR R H[HPSOR DQWHULRU FRPHoDPRV SRU GHILQLU SROLQyPLRV TXH WHQKDP R YDORU HP
FDGD XP GRV SRQWRV -1, H R YDORU QRV UHVWDQWHV GHSRLV p Vy PXOWLSOLFDU FDGD XP
GHVWHVSROLQyPLRVSHORVYDORUHV-H
2EWHPRV
‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)
݂(‫= )ݔ‬ + െ + 13
െ6 2 െ2 6
Tema III – Geometria analítica
Unidade 1 – Geometria analítica no plano
Páginas 154 a 181
1.
a) ‫(ܣ‬1, െ2) ‫(ܤ‬െ3, 1)
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට(െ3 െ 1)ଶ + ൫1 െ (െ2)൯ = ඥ(െ4)ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ16 + 9 = ξ25 = 5
ଷ
b) ‫ ܥ‬ቀ , െ3ቁ ܱ(0, 0)
ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଽ ସହ ଷξହ
݀(‫ܥ‬, ܱ) = ටቀ0 െ ቁ + ൫0 െ (െ3)൯ = ටቀെ ቁ + 3ଶ = ට + 9 = ට =
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ
c) ‫(ܦ‬2016, 5) ‫(ܧ‬2016, 4)
݀(‫ܦ‬, ‫ = )ܧ‬ඥ(2016 െ 2016)ଶ + (4 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ0ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ0 + 1 = ξ1 = 1

d) ‫ܨ‬൫0, ξ2൯ ‫ܩ‬൫1, ξ2 െ 3൯
ଶ
݀(‫ܨ‬, ‫ = )ܩ‬ට(1 െ 0)ଶ + ൫ξ2 െ 3 െ ξ2൯ = ඥ1ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = ξ1 + 9 = ξ10
e) ‫ ܪ‬ቀඥ5, 3ቁ ‫ܫ‬൫െξ3, 0൯
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
݀(‫ܪ‬, ‫ = )ܫ‬ටቀξ5 െ ൫െξ3൯ቁ + (3 െ 0)ଶ = ට൫ξ5 + ξ3൯ + 9 = ට൫ξ5൯ + 2ξ5 × ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ + 9
= ට5 + 2ξ15 + 3 + 9 = ට17 + 2ξ15
f) ‫ܽ(ܬ‬, ܾ) ‫ܾ(ܭ‬, ܽ)
݀(‫ܬ‬, ‫ = )ܭ‬ඥ(ܾ െ ܽ)ଶ + (ܽ െ ܾ)ଶ = ඥ2(ܽ െ ܾ)ଶ = |ܽ െ ܾ|ξ2
2. ‫(ܣ‬5, 3) ‫(ܤ‬3, 0) ‫(ܥ‬െ1, െ2) ‫(ܦ‬1, 1)

തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬ඥ(3 െ 5)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = ξ4 + 9 = ξ13
തതതത
‫ = ܥܤ‬ඥ(െ2 െ 0)ଶ + (െ1 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + (െ4)ଶ = ξ4 + 16 = ξ20 = 2ξ5
തതതത = ට൫1 െ (െ2)൯ଶ + ൫1 െ (െ1)൯ଶ = ξ3ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ9 + 4 = ξ13

‫ܦܥ‬
തതതത
‫ = ܣܦ‬ඥ(5 െ 1)ଶ + (3 െ 1)ଶ = ξ4ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ16 + 4 = ξ20 = 2ξ5
തതതത = ‫ܦܥ‬
$VVLP ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത e ‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = ‫ܣܦ‬
തതതത H SRUWDQWR RV SRQWRV ‫ܣ‬, ‫ܤ‬, ‫ ܥ‬H ‫ ܦ‬VmR YpUWLFHV GH XP
SDUDOHORJUDPR
௔ା௕ ௔ା௕ିଶ௔ ௕ି௔ |௕ି௔|

3. തതതതത =
‫ܯܣ‬ ቚ െ ܽቚ = ቚ ቚ=ቚ ቚ=
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௔ା௕ ଶ௕ି௔ି௕ ௕ି௔ |௕ି௔|
തതതതത = ቚܾ
‫ܤܯ‬ െ ቚ=ቚ ቚ=ቚ ቚ=
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതതത = ‫ܤܯ‬
/RJR‫ܯܣ‬ തതതതതFRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
4.
a) ‫(ܣ‬2, 7) ‫(ܤ‬6, 11)
ଶା଺ ଻ାଵଵ ଼ ଵ଼
AVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬VmR ቀ , ቁ=ቀ , ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
96
10
Expoente 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU
b) ‫ܣ‬൫1, ξ5൯ ‫ܤ‬൫െ2, 3ξ5൯
ଵା(ିଶ) ξହାଷξହ ଵ ସξହ
AVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬VmR ቀ , ቁ = ቀെ , ቁ = ቀെ ଵଶ , 2ξ5ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
c) ‫ ܽ(ܣ‬+ 2, 3ܽ െ 1) ‫(ܤ‬5ܽ + 4, ܽ െ 3)
AVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬VmR
௔ାଶାହ௔ାସ ଷ௔ିଵା௔ିଷ ଺௔ା଺ ସ௔ିସ
ቀ , ቁ=ቀ , ቁ = (3ܽ + 3, 2ܽ െ 2)
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
5. ‫(ܣ‬െ3, 4) ‫(ܤ‬1, 5)
ିଷାଵ ସାହ ଶ ଽ
2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫]ܤܣ‬ቀ , ቁ = ቀെ , ቁ = ቀെ1, ଶଽቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
6. ܲ(2, 4)
a) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬
6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݕ‬SRU H ‫ ݔ‬SRU REWpP-VH TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD /RJR P QmR
SHUWHQFHDRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ݔ = ݕ‬
b) ‫ = ݕ‬4
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݕ‬SRUREWpP-VH TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD/RJRP SHUWHQFHDR
FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ = ݕ‬4
c) ‫ = ݔ‬0
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬SRUREWpP-VH TXHp XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD/RJR P QmRSHUWHQFHDR
FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ = ݔ‬0
d) ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݕ‬SRU H ‫ ݔ‬SRU REWpP-VH TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD /RJR P
SHUWHQFHDRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ
7. ܲ(െ3, െ1)
a) ‫ ݕ‬൑ 0
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݕ‬SRUെREWpP-VHെ1 ൑ TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD/RJRP SHUWHQFH
DRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU ‫ ݕ‬൑ 0
b) ‫ > ݔ‬െ3
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬SRUെREWpP-VHെ3 > െTXHpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD/RJRP QmRSHUWHQFH
DRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ > ݔ‬െ3
c) ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ3
6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬SRU െ REWpP-VH െ3 ൒ െ TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD /RJR P
SHUWHQFHDRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݔ‬൒ െ3
d) ‫ݕ > ݔ‬
6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬SRU െ H ‫ ݕ‬SRU െ REWpP-VH െ3 > െ TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD /RJR P
QmRSHUWHQFHDRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGHILQLGRSRU‫ݕ > ݔ‬
8.
a) 2 FRQMXQWR GRV SRQWRV GR SODQR FXMD DEFLVVD p LJXDO D െ p XPD UHWD YHUWLFDO GH HTXDomR
‫ = ݔ‬െ4
97
10
b) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDDEFLVVDpPDLRUTXHpXPVHPLSODQRDEHUWRjGLUHLWD
GDUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݔ‬0; ‫ > ݔ‬0
c) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDDEFLVVDpQmRVXSHULRUDpXPVHPLSODQRIHFKDGRj
HVTXHUGDGDUHWDGHHTXDomR ‫ = ݔ‬5; ‫ ݔ‬൑ 5
9.
a) 2 FRQMXQWR GRV SRQWRV GR SODQR FXMD RUGHQDGD p LJXDO DR GREUR GD DEFLVVD p D UHWD GH
HTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
b) 2 FRQMXQWR GRV SRQWRV GR SODQR FXMD RUGHQDGD p VXSHULRU DR VLPpWULFR GD DEFLVVD p R
VHPLSODQRDEHUWRVXSHULRUjUHWDGHHTXDomR ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ݔ‬
c) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDDEFLVVDpLQIHULRUDHFXMDRUGHQDGDpVXSHULRURXLJXDO
DെpDLQWHUVHomRGRVHPLSODQRGHILQLGRSHODFRQGLomR‫ < ݔ‬3 FRPRVHPLSODQRGHILQLGRSHOD
FRQGLomR‫ ݕ‬൒ െ
10.
a) ‫ > ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
b) ‫ ݕ‬൑ െ2
c) 2‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ < ݕ‬4 ֞ െ‫ < ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ֞ ‫ > ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 4
‫ݔ‬ ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 4

െ4
1 െ
98
10
‫‪ ൑ 3‬ݔ ֞ ‪ ൒ െ3‬ݔ‪ ൒ 0 ֞ െ‬ݔ ‪d) 3 െ‬‬
‫‪ > 1‬ݔ ר ‪ ൑ െ2‬ݕ )‪e‬‬
‫‪ < 3‬ݕ ש ݔ‪ < 2‬ݕ )‪f‬‬
‫‪ > െ2‬ݕ‪ െ‬ר ‪ > െ4‬ݔ ר ‪ + 4‬ݔ‪ < െ2‬ݕ‪ > 0 ֞ െ‬ݕ ‪ 2 െ‬ר ‪ > െ4‬ݔ ר ‪ < 4‬ݕ ‪ െ‬ݔ‪g) 2‬‬
‫‪ < 2‬ݕ ר ‪ > െ4‬ݔ ר ‪ െ 4‬ݔ‪ > 2‬ݕ ֞‬
‫ݔ‬ ‫‪ െ 4‬ݔ‪ = 2‬ݕ‬

‫‬ ‫‪െ4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪െ‬‬
‫)‪ < 0‬ݕ ר ‪ > 0‬ݔ( ש )‪ > 0‬ݕ ר ‪ < 0‬ݔ( ֞ ‪ < 0‬ݕݔ )‪h‬‬
‫ݕ‪ = െ‬ݔ ש ݕ = ݔ ֞ ‪ = 0‬ݕ ‪ +‬ݔ ש ‪ = 0‬ݕ ‪ െ‬ݔ ֞ ‪) = 0‬ݕ ‪ +‬ݔ()ݕ ‪ െ‬ݔ( ֞ ‪ ଶ = 0‬ݕ ‪ ଶ െ‬ݔ )‪i‬‬
‫‪) > 0‬ݕ‪ + 2‬ݔ()ݕ‪ െ 2‬ݔ( ֞ ‪ ଶ > 0‬ݕ‪ ଶ െ 4‬ݔ )‪j‬‬

‫)‪ < 0‬ݕ‪ + 2‬ݔ ר ‪ < 0‬ݕ‪ െ 2‬ݔ( ש )‪ > 0‬ݕ‪ + 2‬ݔ ר ‪ > 0‬ݕ‪ െ 2‬ݔ( ֞‬
‫)ݔ‪ < െ‬ݕ‪ 2‬ר ݔ‪ < െ‬ݕ‪ (െ2‬ש )ݔ‪ > െ‬ݕ‪ 2‬ר ݔ‪ > െ‬ݕ‪֞ (െ2‬‬
‫)ݔ‪ < െ‬ݕ‪ 2‬ר ݔ > ݕ‪ (2‬ש )ݔ‪ > െ‬ݕ‪ 2‬ר ݔ < ݕ‪֞ (2‬‬
‫‪ଵ‬‬ ‫‪ଵ‬‬ ‫‪ଵ‬‬ ‫‪ଵ‬‬
‫‪ቁ‬ݔ ‪ < െ‬ݕ ר ݔ > ݕ‪ ቀ‬ש ‪ቁ‬ݔ ‪ > െ‬ݕ ר ݔ < ݕ‪֞ ቀ‬‬
‫‪ଶ‬‬ ‫‪ଶ‬‬ ‫‪ଶ‬‬ ‫‪ଶ‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪ ൒ 3‬ݔ ֞ )‪ < 3‬ݔ(~ )‪a‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Expoente 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU‬‬
b) ~(‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ > ݕ ר‬0) ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬1 ‫ ݕ ש‬൑ 0
c) ‫ > ݔ( ׽‬2 ‫ ݕ ש‬൒ ‫ ݔ ֞ )ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ݔ < ݕ ר‬
d) ‫( ׽‬െ4 < ‫ < ݔ‬1) ֞ ‫ > ݔ( ׽‬െ4 ‫ < ݔ ר‬1) ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ4 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 1
12.
a) ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 ‫ > ݔ ש‬1
b) െ1 < ‫ < ݕ‬1
c) െ1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ ר‬െ2 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 3
d) െ4 < ‫ < ݕ‬4 ‫ ݕ ש‬൑ ‫ݔ‬
13. ‫(ܣ‬1, െ3) ‫(ܤ‬െ4, 2) ‫(ܥ‬2, ݇), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ

തതതത ֞ ට(2 െ 1)ଶ + ൫݇ െ (െ3)൯ଶ = ට൫2 െ (െ4)൯ଶ + (݇ െ 2)ଶ
തതതത = ‫ܤܥ‬
‫ܣܥ‬
֞ 1ଶ + (݇ + 3)ଶ = 6ଶ + (݇ െ 2)ଶ
֞ 1 + ݇ ଶ + 6݇ + 9 = 36 + ݇ ଶ െ 4݇ + 4
֞ 10݇ = 30
֞݇=3
14.
a) ‫(ܣ‬െ3, 2) ‫(ܤ‬1, 0)
ଶ
൫‫ ݔ‬െ (െ3)൯ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 0)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
֞ െ4‫ = ݕ‬െ8‫ ݔ‬െ 12
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬p‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 .
b) ‫(ܣ‬1, 7) ‫(ܤ‬4, 7)
A H B SHUWHQFHP j UHWD GH HTXDomR ‫ݕ‬ ORJR D PHGLDWUL] GH >AB@ p D UHWD YHUWLFDO TXH
LQWHUVHWD>AB@QRVHXSRQWRPpGLR
ଵାସ ଻ା଻
$VFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@VmRቀ , ቁ = ቀହଶ , 7ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ହ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬p‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
.
100
10
15. ܲ(2, 0) ܳ(െ5, 1)
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + (‫ ݕ‬െ 0)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1
ଶ
֞ 2‫ = ݕ‬14‫ ݔ‬+ 22
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬7‫ ݔ‬+ 11
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH[ܲܳ] p‫ = ݕ‬7‫ ݔ‬+ 11 .
b) 3DUDTXHXPSRQWRSHUWHQoDjPHGLDWUL]GH>PQ@DGLVWkQFLDHQWUHHVVHSRQWRHP WHPGHVHU
LJXDOjGLVWkQFLDHQWUHHVVHSRQWRHQ
$VVLP
ඥ(1 െ 2)ଶ + (11 െ 0)ଶ = ඥ(1 + 5)ଶ + (11 െ 1)ଶ ֞ ඥ(െ1)ଶ + 11ଶ = ξ6ଶ + 10ଶ
֞ ξ1 + 121 = ξ36 + 100
֞ ξ122 = ξ136TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
/RJRRSRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>PQ@
c) 'DDOtQHDDYHPTXH‫ = ݕ‬7‫ ݔ‬+ 11 pXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>PQ@

6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ ݔ‬HQWmR‫ = ݕ‬7 u HREWpP-VHRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
TXHSHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>PQ@
6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ ݔ‬HQWmR‫ = ݕ‬7 u H REWpP-VHRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ ݔ‬HQWmR‫ = ݕ‬7 u HREWpP-VHRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
16. A B C(െ

a)
i. തതതത
‫ = ܥܤ‬ඥ(െ1 െ 0)ଶ + (4 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ(െ1)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ1 + 1 = ξ2
തതതത p(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = 2
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURA HUDLR‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത
ii. 8PDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURB HTXHSDVVHHPA WHPUDLRLJXDOD‫ܣܤ‬
തതതത = ඥ(2 െ 0)ଶ + (3 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ2ଶ + (െ2)ଶ = ξ4 + 4 = ξ8 = 2ξ2
‫ܣܤ‬
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURB HTXHSDVVH HPA p‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 8
iii. 6HDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDWHPFHQWURHPC HpWDQJHQWHDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVHQWmRRVHXUDLRYDL
VHUDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHC HRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVTXHp
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURC HTXHpWDQJHQWHDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVp
(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ = 16
b) P
6XEVWLWXLQGR HP FDGD XPD GDV FLUFXQIHUrQFLDV GD DOtQHD DQWHULRU ‫ ݔ‬H ‫ ݕ‬SHOD DEFLVVD H SHOD
RUGHQDGDGHPREWHPRV
i. (1 െ 2)ଶ + (2 െ 3)ଶ = 2 ֞ (െ1)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = 2 ֞ 1 + 1 = 2 ֞ 2 = 2 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR
തതതത
YHUGDGHLUD/RJRP SHUWHQFHjFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURA HUDLR‫ܥܤ‬
ii. 1ଶ + (2 െ 5)ଶ = 8 ֞ 1ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = 8 ֞ 1 + 9 = 8 ֞ 10 = 8 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD
/RJRP QmRSHUWHQFHjFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURB HTXHSDVVDHPA
101
10
iii. (1 + 1)ଶ + (2 െ 4)ଶ = 16 ֞ 2ଶ + (െ2)ଶ = 16 ֞ 4 + 4 = 16 ֞ 8 = 16 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR
IDOVD /RJR P QmR SHUWHQFH j FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GH FHQWUR C H TXH p WDQJHQWH DR HL[R GDV
DEFLVVDV
17.
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9
&HQWUR(1, 2)
5DLR ξ9 = 3
ଵ ଶ ଶ
b) ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +൫‫ ݕ‬െ ξ3൯ = 2
ଷ
ଵ
&HQWURቀെ , ξ3ቁ
ଷ
5DLR ξ2
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1
&HQWUR(0, 0)
5DLR ξ1 = 1
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = 4 + 1 + 4

֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9
&HQWUR(1, 2)
5DLR ξ9 = 3
e) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 12‫ ݕ‬+ 16 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 8 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = െ8 + 4 + 9
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = 5
&HQWUR(െ2, 3)
5DLR ξ5
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
f) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬െ = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬+ = +
ସ ସ ସ ସ
ଵ ଶ ଵ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ =
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
&HQWURቀ0, െ ቁ
ଶ
ଵ ξଶ
5DLR ට =
ଶ ଶ
18.
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 9 GHILQHRFtUFXORGHFHQWURCെHUDLR
b) 6XEVWLWXL-VH QD HTXDomR REWLGD QD DOtQHD DQWHULRU ‫ ݔ‬H ‫ ݕ‬SHODV FRRUGHQDGDV UHVSHWLYDV GH
FDGDSRQWR
x (0 െ 1)ଶ + (3 + 2)ଶ ൑ 9 ֞ (െ1)ଶ + 5ଶ ൑ 9 ֞ 1 + 25 ൑ 9 ֞ 26 ൑ 9 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR
IDOVD/RJRRSRQWRA QmRSHUWHQFHDRFtUFXORGHILQLGRQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU
x (1 െ 1)ଶ + (1 + 2)ଶ ൑ 9 ֞ 0ଶ + 3ଶ ൑ 9 ֞ 9 ൑ 9 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD /RJR R
SRQWRB SHUWHQFHDRFtUFXORGHILQLGRQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU
102
10
ଵ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଵ ଶ ସ ଶ ଵ ଵ଺ ଻ଷ
x ቀ െ 1ቁ + ቀെ + 2ቁ ൑ 9 ֞
ଶ ଷ
ቀെ ଶቁ + ቀቁ ൑9֞ + ൑9֞ ൑ 9 TXH p XPD
ଷ ସ ଽ ଷ଺
SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD/RJRRSRQWRD SHUWHQFHDRFtUFXORGHILQLGRQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU
19.
a) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݕ ש‬൒ 2
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ > 1 ‫ < ݔ ר‬0 ‫ < ݕ ר‬0
c) (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ < 9 ‫ ר‬1 < ‫ < ݔ‬5
d) 4 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 16
e) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൒ 1
20.
a) 1 < ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ < 4 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ െ‫ݔ‬
b) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ ൒ 4 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 5
c) (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 36 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0) ‫ ݔ( ש‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 36 ‫ ݔ ר‬൑ െ3)
103
10
21.
a) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRTXHGLVWDPLJXDOPHQWHGH‫(ܣ‬െ3, 5) HGH‫(ܤ‬1, 1) pDPHGLDWUL]
GH>AB@
(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 25 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1
֞ െ8‫ = ݕ‬െ8‫ ݔ‬െ 32
֞‫ݔ= ݕ‬+4
b) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWR‫(ܥ‬2, െ3) QmRH[FHGHXQLGDGHVpR

FtUFXORGHFHQWURC HUDLR(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ ൑ 16
c) 3URFXUD-VHRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVP(‫ݔ‬, ‫ )ݕ‬GRSODQRWDLVTXH
݀(ܲ, ‫ = )ܦ‬2݀(ܲ, ‫ ֞ )ܧ‬ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ = 2ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ = 4((‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ )
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16 = 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16)
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16 = 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 32‫ ݕ‬+ 64
֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 18‫ ݔ‬െ 3‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 24‫ ݕ‬െ 27 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16 = 16
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ = 16
2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVFXMDPHGLGDGDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWRD(െpRGREURGDPHGLGDGD
GLVWkQFLDDRSRQWREpDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURCHUDLR
22.
௫మ ௬మ
a) + =1
ଶହ ଽ
&RPR ܽଶ = 25 H ܾ ଶ = 9 HQWmR ܽ = 5 H ܾ = 3 RX VHMD 2ܽ = 10 H 2ܾ = 6 3RU RXWUR ODGR
ܿ = ξ25 െ 9 = ξ16 = 4 SHOR TXH 2ܿ = 8 $VVLP D HTXDomR GDGD GHILQH XPD HOLSVH GH HL[R
PDLRUHL[RPHQRUGLVWkQFLDIRFDOHIRFRVHെ
௫మ ௬మ
b) + =1
ଵ଺ ଷ
&RPRܽଶ = 16 H ܾ ଶ = 3HQWmRܽ = 4 H ܾ = ξ3RXVHMD2ܽ = 8 H2ܾ = 2ξ3

3RURXWURODGRܿ = ξ16 െ 3 = ξ13SHORTXH2ܿ = 2ξ13
$VVLP D HTXDomR GDGD GHILQH XPD HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU HL[R PHQRU 2ξ3 GLVWkQFLD IRFDO
2ξ13 HIRFRVξ13Hെξ13
23.
a) &RPRRVH[WUHPRVGRHL[RPDLRUGDHOLSVHെHSHUWHQFHPDRHL[Rܱ‫ݔ‬HQWmRRV
IRFRVGDHOLSVHYmRSHUWHQFHUDRHL[Rܱ‫ݔ‬
8PDYH]TXHDGLVWkQFLDIRFDOp2ξ7HQWmRc = ξ7
$VVLPRVIRFRVGDHOLSVHVmRRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDVA(െξ7HB(ξ7
104
10
b) 'DDOtQHDDQWHULRUYHPTXHc = ξ7
$OpPGLVVRWHQGRHPDWHQomRDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVH[WUHPRVGRHL[RPDLRUGDHOLSVHWHP-VH
TXHa
ଶ
3RUWDQWRܾ = ට4ଶ െ ൫ξ7൯ = ξ16 െ 7 = ξ9 = 3
௫మ ௬మ
/RJR DHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDHOLSVHp + = 1
ଵ଺ ଽ
24. 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDVRPDGDVPHGLGDVGDVGLVWkQFLDVDRVSRQWRVA(െ
HBpLJXDODpDHOLSVHGHIRFRVെHHHL[RPDLRU
଻ ସଽ
2XVHMD2ܽ = 7 ֞ ܽ = HSRUWDQWRܽଶ =
ଶ ସ
ସଽ ଷଷ ଷଷ
(QWmRܾ = ට െ4 =ට HSRUWDQWRܾ ଶ =
ସ ସ ସ
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDHOLSVHp రవ + యయ = 1
ర ర
25.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1 pXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURHUDLR
௫మ
b) +‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1 p XPD HTXDomR GD HOLSVHGH HL[R PDLRU SRUTXHܽଶ = 9 ORJR ܽ = 3 H2ܽ = 6
ଽ
HL[R PHQRU SRUTXH ܾ ଶ = 1 ORJR ܾ = 1 H 2ܾ = 2 H IRFRV ൫2ξ2, 0൯ H ൫െ2ξ2, 0൯ SRUTXH

ܿ = ξ9 െ 1 = ξ8 = 2ξ2
௫మ ௬మ
c) 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 9‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 18 ֞ + = 1 pXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHGHHL[RPDLRU2ξ3 SRUTXHܽଶ = 3,
ଷ ଶ
ORJR ܽ = ξ3 H2ܽ = 2ξ3HL[RPHQRU2ξ2 SRUTXHܾ ଶ = 2ORJRܾ = ξ2 H2ܾ = 2ξ2HIRFRV

(1, 0) H(െ1, 0) SRUTXHܿ = ξ3 െ 2 = 1
௫మ ௬మ
d) 25‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 100 ֞ + = 1 pXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHGHHL[RPDLRU10 SRUTXHܾ ଶ = 25
ସ ଶହ
ORJR ܾ = 5 H 2ܾ = 10 HL[R PHQRU 4 SRUTXH ܽଶ = 4 ORJR ܽ = 2 H 2ܽ = 4 H IRFRV ൫0, ξ21൯ H
൫0, െξ21൯ SRUTXHܿ = ξ25 െ 4 = ξ21
e) 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 24 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 6 p XPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURHUDLRξ6
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 182 a 189
1. ‫(ܣ‬4, 4) ‫(ܤ‬െ1, 5) ‫(ܥ‬െ2, 0)
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට൫4 െ (െ1)൯ + (4 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ5ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ25 + 1 = ξ26
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ට൫4 െ (െ2)൯ + (4 െ 0)ଶ = ξ6ଶ + 4ଶ = ξ36 + 16 = ξ52
ଶ
݀(‫ܤ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ට൫െ1 െ (െ2)൯ + (5 െ 0)ଶ = ξ1ଶ + 5ଶ = ξ1 + 25 = ξ26
&RPR ݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ܤ(݀ = )ܤ‬, ‫ܣ(݀ ് )ܥ‬, ‫ )ܥ‬HQWmR R WULkQJXOR >ABC@ p LVyVFHOHV H SRUWDQWR D
SURSRVLomR,pYHUGDGHLUD
105
10
ଶ ଶ
൫݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫)ܥ‬൯ = ൫ξ52൯ = 52
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
൫݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫)ܤ‬൯ + ൫݀(‫ܤ‬, ‫)ܥ‬൯ = ൫ξ26൯ + ൫ξ26൯ = 26 + 26 = 52
ଶ ଶ ଶ
&RPR ൫݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫)ܥ‬൯ = ൫݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫)ܤ‬൯ + ൫݀(‫ܤ‬, ‫)ܥ‬൯ HQWmR SHOR 7HRUHPD GH 3LWiJRUDV R WULkQJXOR
>ABC@pUHWkQJXORRXVHMDDSURSRVLomR,,pYHUGDGHLUD3RGHHQWmRFRQFOXLU-VHTXHDPEDV
DVSURSRVLo}HVVmRYHUGDGHLUDV
Opção (A)
2. 2V SRQWRV െ H െ SHUWHQFHP j UHWD GH HTXDomR ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫& ݔ‬RPR VH WUDWD GH XP
VHJPHQWR GH UHWD HP TXH DV RUGHQDGDV DVVXPHP YDORUHV HQWUH െ H LQFOXVLYH WHP-VH
TXH െ3 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ /RJR R FRQMXQWR GH SRQWRV GD ILJXUD SRGH VHU GHILQLGR SHOD FRQGLomR
െ3 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 3 ‫ = ݕ ר‬െ‫ݔ‬
Opção (B)
3. ‫(ܣ‬2, 5) ‫(ܤ‬െ2, 3)
6HMDܲ(0, 8)HQWmR
݀(‫ܣ‬, ܲ) = ඥ(0 െ 2)ଶ + (8 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ4 + 9 = ξ13
݀(‫ܤ‬, ܲ) = ඥ(0 + 2)ଶ + (8 െ 3)ଶ = ξ2ଶ + 5ଶ = ξ4 + 25 = ξ29
/RJR P QmRSHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@SRUTXH݀(‫ܣ‬, ܲ) ് ݀(‫ܤ‬, ܲ)
ଵ ଷ
6HMDܳ ቀ , ቁHQWmR
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଻ ଶ ଽ ସଽ ହ଼ ξହ଼
݀(‫ܣ‬, ܳ) = ටቀ െ 2ቁ + ቀ െ 5ቁ = ටቀെ ቁ + ቀെ ቁ = ට + =ට =
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ସ ଶ
ଵ ଶ ଷ ଶ ହ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶହ ଽ ଷସ ଷସ
݀(‫ܤ‬, ܳ) = ටቀ + 2ቁ + ቀ െ 3ቁ = ටቀ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ቁ + ቀെ ଶቁ = ට ସ + ସ = ට ସ = ξଶ
/RJRQ QmRSHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@SRUTXH݀(‫ܣ‬, ܳ) ് ݀(‫ܤ‬, ܳ)

6HMDܴ(5, 2)HQWmR
݀(‫ܣ‬, ܴ) = ඥ(5 െ 2)ଶ + (2 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ3ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 = ξ18
݀(‫ܤ‬, ܴ) = ඥ(5 + 2)ଶ + (2 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ7ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ49 + 1 = ξ50
/RJR R QmRSHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@SRUTXH݀(‫ܣ‬, ܴ) ് ݀(‫ܤ‬, ܴ)
6HMDܵ(0, 4)HQWmR
݀(‫ܣ‬, ܵ) = ඥ(0 െ 2)ଶ + (4 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ4 + 1 = ξ5
݀(‫ܤ‬, ܵ) = ඥ(0 + 2)ଶ + (4 െ 3)ଶ = ξ2ଶ + 1ଶ = ξ4 + 1 = ξ5
/RJR S SHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@SRUTXH݀(‫ܣ‬, ܵ) = ݀(‫ܤ‬, ܵ)
Opção (D)
ଶ ଵ
4. ൫‫ ݔ‬+ ξ2൯ + (‫ ݕ‬െ ߨ)ଶ = pXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWUR൫െξ2, ߨ൯ HUDLR
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ξଶ
‫=ݎ‬ට = =
ଶ ξଶ ଶ
Opção (A)
5. 8PDYH]TXHDRUGHQDGDGHA pHVWHSRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ ݕ‬
Opção (D)
106
10
6. ‫(ܣ‬3, െ2 െ ݇) ‫(ܤ‬1, െ5)
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ξ13 ֞ ඥ(3 െ 1)ଶ + (െ2 െ ݇ + 5)ଶ = ξ13

֞ 2ଶ + (3 െ ݇)ଶ = 13
֞ (3 െ ݇)ଶ = 9
֞ 3 െ ݇ = 3 ‫ ש‬3 െ ݇ = െ3
֞݇=0 ‫=݇ ש‬6
Opção (B)
7. (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9 ‫ = ݔ ר‬െ1 ֞ (െ1 + 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9

֞ 2ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9
֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 5
֞ ‫ ݕ‬െ 2 = ξ5 ‫ ݕ ש‬െ 2 = െξ5
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬2 + ξ5 ‫ = ݕ ש‬2 െ ξ5
$LQWHUVHomRGRSODQRGHILQLGRSRU‫ = ݔ‬െ1 FRPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHILQLGDSRU
(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9 WHP FRPR UHVXOWDGRV RV SRQWRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV ൫െ1, 2 + ξ5൯ H
൫െ1, 2 െ ξ5൯
Opção (B)
8. $ ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV tPSDUHV p GHILQLGD SHOD HTXDomR ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬$VVLP SDUD TXH A
SHUWHQoDjELVVHWUL]GRVTXDGUDQWHVtPSDUHV
2݇ ଶ + 9݇ = 5 ֞ 2݇ ଶ + 9݇ െ 5 = 0
ିଽ±ඥଽమ ିସ×ଶ×(ିହ)
֞݇=
ସ
ିଽ±ξଵଶଵ
֞݇=
ସ
ିଽ±ଵଵ
֞݇=
ସ
ଵ
֞ ݇ = െ5 ‫= ݇ ש‬
ଶ
Opção (C)
9. $FLUFXQIHUrQFLDGDILJXUDWHPFHQWURHUDLR&RPRDUHJLmRVRPEUHDGDpXPDSDUWH

GR LQWHULRU GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD LQFOXLQGR D IURQWHLUD D H[SUHVVmR TXH VH SURFXUD YDL FRQWHU D
H[SUHVVmR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 9 3RU RXWUR ODGR D UHJLmR VRPEUHDGD p VXSHULRU j UHWD GH HTXDomR
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬HpVXSHULRUjUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ݔ‬
$VVLPDH[SUHVVmRTXHSRGHGHILQLUDUHJLmRVRPEUHDGDp‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 9 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ ݕ ר ݔ‬൒ െ‫ݔ‬
Opção (C)
10. 7HQGRHPFRQWDTXHRVIRFRVSHUWHQFHPDRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬HFRPRRHL[RPHQRUp WHP-VHTXH

2ܽ = 16 ֞ ܽ = 8 HHQWmRܽଶ = 64 $OpPGLVVRGHDFRUGRFRPDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVIRFRVc
/RJR ܾ = ξ8ଶ + 6ଶ = ξ100 = 10 H SRUWDQWR ܾ ଶ = 100 $VVLP XPD HTXDomR GD HOLSVH
௫మ ௬మ
UHIHULGDp + = 1
଺ସ ଵ଴଴
Opção (D)
107
10
11. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 16 GHILQHDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURHUDLR
௫మ ௬మ
+ = 1 GHILQH D HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU 2ܽ = 2ξ25 = 10 H HL[R PHQRU 2ܾ = 2ξ16 = 8
ଶହ ଵ଺
$PEDVFRQWrPRVSRQWRVHെ
Opção (D)
12. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 0TXHUHSUHVHQWDRSRQWRെ

Opção (B)
തതതത + ܲ‫ܤ‬
13. 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVP GRSODQRTXHYHULILFDPDFRQGLomRܲ‫ܣ‬ തതതത = 14 pXPDHOLSVHGH
IRFRVA HB HHL[RPDLRUGHDFRUGRFRPDGHILQLomRGHHOLSVH
Opção (C)
14.
a) ‫(ܣ‬2, 4) ‫(ܤ‬6, 15)
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ඥ(2 െ 6)ଶ + (4 െ 15)ଶ = ඥ(െ4)ଶ + (െ11)ଶ = ξ16 + 121 = ξ137
b) ‫(ܣ‬െ2, 3) ‫(ܤ‬6, െ5)
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට(െ2 െ 6)ଶ + ൫3 െ (െ5)൯ = ඥ(െ8)ଶ + 8ଶ = ξ64 + 64 = ξ128
c) ‫(ܣ‬1, െ 4) ‫(ܤ‬െ2, 0)
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට൫1 െ (െ2)൯ + (െ4 െ 0)ଶ = ඥ3ଶ + (െ4)ଶ = ξ9 + 16 = ξ25 = 5
d) ‫(ܣ‬െ2, െ2) ‫(ܤ‬െ6, 5)

ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට൫െ2 െ (െ6)൯ + (െ2 െ 5)ଶ = ඥ4ଶ + (െ7)ଶ = ξ16 + 49 = ξ65
15.
a) ‫(ܣ‬െ2, െ1) ‫(ܤ‬െ3, 1)
തതതത = ට൫െ2 െ (െ3)൯ଶ + (െ1 െ 1)ଶ = ඥ1ଶ + (െ2)ଶ = ξ1 + 4 = ξ5
‫ܤܣ‬
b) ‫(ܣ‬2, 2) ‫(ܤ‬0, െ5)
ଶ
തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬ට(2 െ 0)ଶ + ൫2 െ (െ5)൯ = ξ2ଶ + 7ଶ = ξ4 + 49 = ξ53
16. 6HMDPAെBെCHD

ଶ
തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬ට(1 െ 6)ଶ + ൫െ2 െ (െ1)൯ = ඥ(െ5)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ25 + 1 = ξ26
തതതത = ඥ(6 െ 9)ଶ + (െ1 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ(െ3)ଶ + (െ4)ଶ = ξ9 + 16 = ξ25 = 5

‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = ඥ(9 െ 4)ଶ + (3 െ 2)ଶ = ξ5ଶ + 1 = ξ25 + 1 = ξ26
‫ܦܥ‬
ଶ
തതതത
‫ = ܣܦ‬ට(4 െ 1)ଶ + ൫2 െ (െ2)൯ = ξ3ଶ + 4ଶ = ξ9 + 16 = ξ25 = 5
തതതത = തതതത
$VVLPFRPR‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത = തതതത
‫ ܦܥ‬H‫ܥܤ‬ ‫ܣܦ‬HQWmRRTXDGULOiWHUR>ABCD@pXPSDUDOHORJUDPR
108
10
17.
a) ‫(ܣ‬2, 4) ‫(ܤ‬2, 15)
&RPR A H B WrP DEFLVVD HQWmR D PHGLDWUL] GH >AB@ p D UHWD SHUSHQGLFXODU j UHWD GH
HTXDomR‫ = ݔ‬2 HTXHFRQWpPRSRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@M
ଶାଶ ସାଵହ
M=ቀ , ቁ = ቀ2, ଵଽଶቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଵଽ
/RJR DPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@pDUHWDGHHTXDomR‫= ݕ‬
ଶ
b) ‫(ܣ‬െ2, 3) ‫(ܤ‬6, 3)
&RPR A H B WrP RUGHQDGD HQWmR D PHGLDWUL] GH >AB@ p D UHWD SHUSHQGLFXODU j UHWD GH
HTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬3 HTXHFRQWpPRSRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@M
ିଶା଺ ଷାଷ
M=ቀ , ቁ = (2, 3)
ଶ ଶ
/RJRDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@pDUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݔ‬2
c) ‫(ܣ‬1, െ2) ‫(ܤ‬െ2, 0)
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
֞ 4‫ = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬െ 1
ଷ ଵ
֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ pXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB]
ଶ ସ
d) ‫(ܣ‬െ2, െ2) ‫(ܤ‬െ1, 3)
(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9
֞ 10‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 2
ଵ ଵ
֞‫=ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬+ pXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB]
ହ ହ
18. 6HMDPAξ3BDHC

ଶ ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ට(1 െ 2)ଶ + ൫ξ3 െ 0൯ = ට(െ1)ଶ + ൫ξ3൯ = ξ1 + 3 = ξ4 = 2
݀(‫ܤ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ඥ(2 െ 2)ଶ + (2 െ 0)ଶ = ξ0ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ0 + 4 = ξ4 = 2
݀(‫ܦ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ඥ(0 െ 2)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + 0ଶ = ξ4 + 0 = ξ4 = 2

$VVLP A B H D HQFRQWUDP-VH j PHVPD GLVWkQFLD GR SRQWR C SHOR TXH SHUWHQFHP D XPD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURC
19.
a) OBCHDVmRRVYpUWLFHVGRWUDSp]LR
2SRQWRPpGLRGH>OB@pRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
2SRQWRPpGLRGH>BC@pRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
2SRQWRPpGLRGH>CO@pRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
2SRQWRPpGLRGH>DO@pRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
b) (i) ‫ = ݕ‬2 ‫ ר‬2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4
(ii) ‫ = ݔ‬3
(iii) (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 9
(iv) 0 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ݔ‬
109
10
20.
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ = 4 p XPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെHUDLR (= ξ4
b) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 8 pXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെHUDLR2ξ2 (= ξ8
ଵ ଵ ଵ
c) (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ pXPDHTXDomRGRFtUFXORGHFHQWURെHUDLR ቆ= ට ቇ
ସ ଶ ସ
d) (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ > 20 p XPDHTXDomRGRH[WHULRUGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURHUDLR2ξ5

(= ξ20
e) (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 5)ଶ < 9 pXPDHTXDomRGRLQWHULRUGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെെHUDLR
3 (= ξ9
ଵ ଶ ଵ
f) 2 ൑ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ ൑ 4 pXPDHTXDomRGDFRURDFLUFXODUGHFHQWURቀ2, ቁVHQGRRUDLR
ଶ ଶ
GDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDH[WHUQDHξ2 RUDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDLQWHUQD
21.
a) 'HDFRUGRFRPDILJXUDP(െെHQ
݀(ܲ, ܳ) = ඥ(െ2 െ 3)ଶ + (െ3 െ 3)ଶ
= ඥ(െ5)ଶ + (െ6)ଶ
= ξ25 + 36
= ξ61
ିଶାଷ ିଷାଷ
b) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH>PQ@VmRቀ , ቁ = ቀଵଶ , 0ቁ
ଶ ଶ
c) 6H R GLkPHWUR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD p >PQ@ HQWmR R SRQWR PpGLR GH >PQ@ p R FHQWUR GD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLDHRVHXUDLRpLJXDODPHWDGHGDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHP HQ$VVLPGHDFRUGRFRP
ଵ ଶ ଺ଵ
DVDOtQHDVDQWHULRUHVXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHGLkPHWUR>PQ@pቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ +‫ ݕ‬ଶ =
ଶ ସ
e) (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9
֞ 12‫ = ݕ‬െ10‫ ݔ‬+ 5
ହ ହ
֞‫=ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ TXHpXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>PQ]
଺ ଵଶ
f) (െ2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1 ‫ ר‬െ3 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 3) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൑ 3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫)ݔ‬
22.
a) ܽ = 4ORJRܽଶ = 16
ܾ = 3, ORJRܾ ଶ = 9
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + = 1
ଵ଺ ଽ
b) ܽ = 5, ORJRܽଶ = 25
ܾ = 1, ORJRܾ ଶ = 1
௫మ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp +‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1
ଶହ
110
10
c) ܽ = 2, ORJRܽଶ = 4
ܾ = 7, ORJRܾ ଶ = 49
௫మ ௬మ
ସ ସଽ
23.
௫మ ௬మ
a) + =1
ଵ଺ ଽ
&RPRܽଶ = 16HQWmRܽ = 4 H2ܽ = 8&RPRܾ ଶ = 9HQWmRܾ = 3 H2ܾ = 6
/RJR ܿ = ξ16 െ 9 = ξ7$VVLPDFRQGLomRGDGDGHILQHDHOLSVHGHHL[RPDLRUHL[RPHQRU
HIRFRV൫െξ7, 0൯ H൫ξ7, 0൯
௫మ ௬మ
b) + =1
ଶ଴ ଵଵ
&RPRܽଶ = 20HQWmRܽ = ξ20 = 2ξ5 H2ܽ = 4ξ5&RPR ܾ ଶ = 11HQWmRܾ = ξ11 H2ܾ = 2ξ11
/RJRܿ = ξ20 െ 11 = ξ9 = 3$VVLPDFRQGLomRGDGDGHILQHDHOLSVHGHHL[RPDLRU4ξ5HL[R
PHQRU2ξ11 HIRFRV(െ3, 0) H(3, 0)
24. തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬തതതത
‫ = ܥܣ‬തതതത
‫ ܥܤ‬XPDYH]TXHAB HC VmRRVYpUWLFHVGHXPWULkQJXORHTXLOiWHUR $VVLP
ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬തതതത
‫ ֞ ܥܣ‬ට൫െ5 െ (െ3)൯ + ቀ1 െ ൫1 + 2ξ3൯ቁ = ට൫െ5 െ (െ1)൯ + (1 െ ‫)ݕ‬ଶ
ଶ
֞ (െ2)ଶ + ൫െ2ξ3൯ = (െ4)ଶ + (1 െ ‫)ݕ‬ଶ
֞ 4 + 12 = 16 + (1 െ ‫)ݕ‬ଶ
֞ (1 െ ‫)ݕ‬ଶ
֞1െ‫= ݕ‬0
֞‫=ݕ‬1
/RJRDRUGHQDGDGHC p
25.
a) ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 5 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ െ‫ݔ‬
b) (െ1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ר‬െ1 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 0) ‫( ש‬0 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 1)
c) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݔ ר‬൑ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ݔ‬
d) (‫ ݔ ר ݔ > ݕ‬൒ 0) ‫ < ݕ( ש‬െ‫ ݕ ר ݔ‬൒ 0) ‫ ݔ ר ݔ < ݕ( ש‬൑ 0) ‫ > ݕ( ש‬െ‫ ݕ ר ݔ‬൑ 0)
e) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൒ 1 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ 4
௫మ ௬మ
f) (‫ ݔ‬+ 6)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1 ‫ש‬ + = 1 ‫ ݔ( ש‬െ 6)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1
ଶହ ଽ
26.
a) ‫ < ݕ‬7 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ െ2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ݔ‬
111
10
b) (‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 1) ‫ = ݕ( ש‬െ‫ > ݔ ר ݔ‬െ2)
c) (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ > 1 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ < 4 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0
௫మ ௬మ
e)
ଽ
+ ଵ଺ = 1 ‫ < ݔ ר‬0
ସ௫ మ
f) (െ3 < ‫ < ݔ‬3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ െ‫ש )ݔ‬ +‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4
ଽ
27.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 14 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 25 = െ14 + 1 + 25
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 12
$VVLPRFHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDVെHRUDLRpξ12 = 2ξ3
112
10
b) 6HSRUH[HPSOR ‫ = ݔ‬1HQWmR
(1 + 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 12 ֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 8 ֞ ‫ ݕ‬െ 5 = ξ8 ‫ ݕ ש‬െ 5 = െξ8
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬5 + 2ξ2 ‫ = ݕ ש‬5 െ 2ξ2
/RJRRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV൫1, 5 + 2ξ2൯ H൫1, 5 െ 2ξ2൯ SHUWHQFHPjFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
c) 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODVFRRUGHQDGDVGHA QRSULPHLURPHPEURGDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
REWLGDQDDOtQHDD (2 + 1)ଶ + (3 െ 5)ଶ = 3ଶ + (െ2)ଶ = 9 + 4 = 13
2UD 13 !ORJRRSRQWRA HQFRQWUD-VHQRH[WHULRUGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
3URFHGHQGRGHIRUPDDQiORJDHPUHODomRDBREWpP-VH
(െ1 + 1)ଶ + (4 െ 5)ଶ = 0ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = 0 + 1 = 1
2UD ORJRRSRQWRB HQFRQWUD-VHQRLQWHULRUGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
d) 2VSRQWRVGHLQWHUVHomRFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬VmRGDIRUPD‫ݔ‬RQGH‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
$VVLPVH‫ = ݕ‬0
(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (0 െ 5)ଶ = 12 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + 25 = 12
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = െ13TXHpXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
/RJRDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDQmRLQWHUVHWDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDV
2VSRQWRVGHLQWHUVHomRFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬VmRGDIRUPD‫ݕ‬RQGH‫ ݕ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
$VVLPVH‫ = ݔ‬0
(0 + 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 12 ֞ 1 + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 12
֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 11
֞ ‫ ݕ‬െ 5 = ξ11 ‫ ݕ ש‬െ 5 = െξ11
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬5 + ξ11 ‫ = ݕ ש‬5 െ ξ11
/RJRRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV൫0, 5 + ξ11൯ H൫0, 5 െ ξ11൯ VmRRVSRQWRVGHLQWHUVHomRGD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLDFRPRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDV
e) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16
֞ 2‫ = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 pXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB]
f) 6XEVWLWXLQGRQDHTXDomRREWLGDQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODV FRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRREWpP-VH
u TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD/RJRRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
SHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@
28.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ = ݕ‬െ8 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݕ‬+ 16 = െ8 + 1 + 16
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 4)ଶ = 9
$FRQGLomRGHILQHDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെHUDLR
଻ ଵ ଵ ଻ ଵ ଵ
b) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݕ‬7 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫= ݕ‬ ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ +‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬+ = + +
ଶ ସ ସ ଶ ସ ସ
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ = 4
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
$FRQGLomRGHILQHDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURቀ , െ ቁ HUDLR
ଶ ଶ
113
10
ଶ ଼଴ ଶ ଵ ଼଴ ଵ ଵ ଶ
c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬൑ ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬+ ൑ + ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ ൑ 9
ଷ
ଷ ଽ ଷ ଽ ଽ ଽ
ଵ
$FRQGLomRGHILQHRFtUFXORGHFHQWURቀ0, ቁ HUDLR
ଷ
d) ‫ ݔ‬+ 12‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬+ 28 > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 12‫ ݔ‬+ 36 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ > െ28 + 26 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 6)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ > 8
ଶ ଶ ଶ
$FRQGLomRGHILQHRH[WHULRUGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെHUDLR2ξ2

௫మ ௬మ
e) 25‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 36‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 900 ֞ + =1
ଷ଺ ଶହ
$FRQGLomRGHILQHDHOLSVH GHHL[RPDLRU= 2 × ξ36GH

HL[RPHQRU= 2 × ξ25HFRPIRFRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV൫െξ11, 0൯ H൫ξ11, 0൯
Cálculo auxiliar
ܿ = ξ36 െ 25 = ξ11
௫మ ௬మ
f) 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 32 ֞ + =1
଼ ସ
$FRQGLomRGHILQHDHOLSVHGHHL[RPDLRU4ξ2 (= 2 × ξ8
GHHL[RPHQRU= 2 × ξ4HFRPIRFRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV(െ2, 0) H(2, 0)
Cálculo auxiliar
ܿ = ξ8 െ 4 = ξ4 = 2
29.
a) 2ܿ = 6 ֞ ܿ = 3
2ܽ = 12 ֞ ܽ = 6
ܾ = ξ6ଶ െ 3ଶ = ξ36 െ 9 = ξ27
௫మ ௬మ
/RJRXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + = 1
ଷ଺ ଶ଻
b) 2ܾ = 10 ֞ ܾ = 5 FRQVLGHUDQGRXPDHOLSVHFXMRHL[RPHQRUHVWiFRQWLGRQRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHpGDIRUPD + = 1
௔మ ଶହ
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRTXHSHUWHQFHjHOLSVH
8ଶ 3ଶ 64 9
+ =1֞ ଶ+ = 1 ֞ 1600 + 9ܽଶ = 25ܽଶ ֞ 16ܽଶ = 1600 ֞ ܽ ଶ = 100
ܽଶ 25 ܽ 25
௫మ ௬మ
/RJRXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + = 1
ଵ଴଴ ଶହ
c) ܿ = 8GHDFRUGRFRPDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVIRFRV
଼ ସ
= ֞ ܽ = 10ORJRܽଶ = 100
௔ ହ
ܾ = ξ100 െ 64 = ξ36 = 6ORJRܾ ଶ = 36

௫మ ௬మ
ଵ଴଴ ଷ଺
114
10
௫మ ௬మ
d) $HTXDomRGDHOLSVHpGDIRUPD + = 1 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODVFRRUGHQDGDVGHFDGD
௔మ ௕మ
XPGRVSRQWRVREWpP-VH
(ିଵ)మ ଶమ ଵ ସ
+ =1 + =1 ଵ ସ
௔మ ௕మ ௔మ ௕మ + =1
ቐ ଶమ ଴మ
֞ቐ ସ ֞ ቊସ ௕మ
=1 ଶ
+ =1 ௔మ ܽ =4
௔మ ௕మ
ସ ଷ
=
֞ ቊ ௕మ ସ
ଶ
ܽ =4
ଵ଺
ܾଶ =
֞ቊ ଷ
ܽଶ = 4
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + భల = 1
ସ
య
29.
a) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRTXHGLVWDPLJXDOPHQWHGHA HGHB pDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@
(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1
֞ 8‫ = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬െ 11
ଷ ଵଵ
֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ TXHpXPDHTXDomRGDPHGLDWUL]GH>AB]
ସ ଼
b) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWRC(െpLQIHULRUDpRLQWHULRUGR
FtUFXORGHFHQWURC HUDLRTXHpGHILQLGRSHODHTXDomR(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ < 25
c) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDVRPDGDVPHGLGDVGDVGLVWkQFLDVDRVSRQWRVA(െH
BpLJXDODpDHOLSVHGHIRFRVA HB HHL[RPDLRU
ଽ ଼ଵ ଼ଵ ସହ
&RPR2ܽ = 9 ֞ ܽ = HQWmRܽଶ = 3RURXWURODGRܾ = ට െ 9=ට
ଶ ସ ସ ସ
௫మ ௬మ
LRJRXPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp ఴభ + రఱ = 1
ర ర
d) 6HMD P XP SRQWR FXMD GLVWkQFLD DR SRQWR A p PHWDGH GD GLVWkQFLD DR SRQWR B
HQWmR
ଵ ଵ
݀(ܲ, ‫= )ܣ‬ ݀(ܲ, ‫ ֞ )ܤ‬ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 6)ଶ
ଶ ଶ
֞ 2ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 6)ଶ
֞ 4((‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ ) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 6)ଶ
֞ 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݕ‬+ 36
֞ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 24‫ ݕ‬+ 40 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݕ‬+ 37
֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 12‫ = ݕ‬െ3
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ = ݕ‬െ1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = െ1 + 1 + 4
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4
115
10
௫మ ௫మ
31. B pWDOTXH‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 8‫= ݕ ֞ ݕ‬ /RJRB pGDIRUPDቀ‫ݔ‬, ଼ ቁ
଼
௫మ ଶ ଵ଺ି௫ మ ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට(0 െ ‫)ݔ‬ଶ + ቀ2 െ ቁ = ට‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ቀ ቁ
଼ ଼
ଵ଺ି଼௬ ଶ
= ට8‫ ݕ‬+ ቀ ቁ
଼
256െ256‫ݕ‬+64‫ݕ‬2
= ට8‫ ݕ‬+
8
= ඥ8‫ ݕ‬+ 4 െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
= ඥ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4
= ඥ(‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ

= ‫ ݕ‬+ 2FRPRTXHUtDPRVGHPRQVWUDU
32. 6HMDP XPSRQWRFXMDRUGHQDGDpLJXDODRGREURGDDEFLVVDHQWmRDVFRRUGHQDGDVGHP VmR

GDIRUPD‫ݔ‬2‫& ݔ‬RPR P SHUWHQFHjPHGLDWUL]GH>AB@HQWmR
݀(ܲ, ‫ܲ(݀ = )ܣ‬, ‫ ֞ )ܤ‬ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (2‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (2‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݔ‬+ 9
֞ 12‫ = ݔ‬16
ସ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଷ
ସ ଼
/RJRP ቀ , ቁ.
ଷ ଷ
33.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ ݇ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = െ݇ + 25 + 4
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 29 െ ݇
3DUDTXHHVWDHTXDomRGHILQDXPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD29 െ ݇ > 0 ֞ ݇ < 29.
b) 5HFRUUHQGR j HTXDomR REWLGD QD DOtQHD DQWHULRU SDUD TXH D HTXDomR GHILQD XP SRQWR
29 െ ݇ = 0 ֞ ݇ = 29
c) 5HFRUUHQGR j HTXDomR REWLGD QD DOtQHD D SDUD TXH D HTXDomR GHILQD R FRQMXQWR YD]LR
29 െ ݇ < 0 ֞ ݇ > 29
34.
a) 2 FRQMXQWR GRV SRQWRV GR SODQR TXH GLVWDP LJXDOPHQWH GD RULJHP GR UHIHUHQFLDO H GHA p D
PHGLDWUL]GH>OA@
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9
֞ െ6‫ = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬+ 18
֞ ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬െ 3TXH pXPDHTXDomRGHVVDPHGLDWUL]
$ FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GH FHQWUR A H WDQJHQWH DRV HL[RV FRRUGHQDGRV WHP UDLR H p GHILQLGD SHOD
HTXDomR(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 9
/RJRD FRQGLomRSUHWHQGLGDp ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ‫ ݔ( ר‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 9
116
10
,QWHUVHWDQGRDUHWDFRPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 _________________ _________________
൜ ֞ ൛(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (െ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 + 3)ଶ = 9 ֞ ൛‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9
(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 9
______________ ______________ _____ _____
֞ ൛2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ൛‫(ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 6) = 0 ֞ ൛‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ש‬ቄ2‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0
‫ = ݕ‬0 െ 3 ‫ = ݕ‬െ(െ3) െ 3 ‫ = ݕ‬െ3 ‫=ݕ‬0
֞ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ ֞ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ
‫=ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫=ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ‬െ3
$VVLPRXWUDFRQFUHWL]DomRSRVVtYHOSDUDGHILQLURFRQMXQWRGHSRQWRVGDGRp
(‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݕ ר‬െ3) ‫ = ݔ( ש‬െ3 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0)
b) 2 FRQMXQWR GRV SRQWRV PpGLRV GRV VHJPHQWRV GH UHWD FXMRV H[WUHPRV VmR D RULJHP GR
UHIHUHQFLDOHFDGDXPGRVSRQWRVGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURO HUDLRpXPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
GHFHQWURO HUDLRGHILQLGDSHODHTXDomR‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1.
c) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVPpGLRVGRVVHJPHQWRVGHUHWDFXMRVH[WUHPRVVmRRSRQWRBH
FDGDXPGRVSRQWRVGDUHWD‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ = ݕ‬5 pXPDUHWDSDUDOHODDHVWDHTXHSDVVDQRSRQWRPpGLR
GH>BC@RQGHC pRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ = ݕ‬5 FRPRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬RXVHMDC
ଵା଴ ଷାହ
/RJRRSRQWRPpGLRGH>BC@WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ , ቁ = ቀଵଶ , 4ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
$VVLPDUHWDSHGLGDpGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ H FRPR ቀ , 4ቁ SHUWHQFHDHVWDUHWD WHP-VHTXH
ଶ
ଵ ଽ
4=െ +ܾ ֞ ܾ =
ଶ ଶ
ଽ
3RUWDQWRXPDHTXDomRGDUHWDSHGLGDp‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+
ଶ
Unidade 2 – Cálculo vetorial no plano

Páginas 190 a 229
26.
a) 3RUH[HPSOR
i. >AB@>BA@>BC@>CB@H>CD]
ii. >AB@H>DC]
b) 3DUDFDGDDUHVWDpSRVVtYHOGHILQLUGRLVVHJPHQWRVGHUHWDRULHQWDGRV$OpPGLVVRpSRVVtYHO
GHILQLUGRLVVHJPHQWRVGHUHWDRULHQWDGRV SDUDFDGDXPDGDVGLDJRQDLV
/RJRpSRVVtYHOGHILQLUu u VHJPHQWRVGHUHWDRULHQWDGRV
c) eSRVVtYHOGHILQLUYHWRUHVFDGDGLDJRQDOSHUPLWHGHILQLUYHWRUHVu DDUHVWD>AB]
HDDUHVWD>AD@SHUPLWHPGHILQLUYHWRUHVFDGDXPDu DVUHVWDQWHVDUHVWDVGHILQHP
YHWRUHVLJXDLVDRVGHILQLGRVSHODVDUHVWDV>AB@H>AD@
27. 3RUH[HPSOR
a) >AD@>DB@H>FE]
b) >AF@H>CF]
c) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܤ‬H‫ܨܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ e ‫ܧܦ‬
d) ‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
e) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦܣ‬e ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܨܧ‬
117
10
28.
a) ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦ‬
‫ ܣ = ܧܨ‬+ ‫ܦܣ‬
b) ‫ ܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦ = ܧܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܨ = ܨܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ) = ‫ ܥ‬+ ‫ܦܨ‬
c) ‫ ܥ‬+ (െ‫ܨܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܧ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬+ ‫ܧܥ‬
d) ܶሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
஺஼ (‫ ܣ = )ܣ‬+ ‫ܥ = ܥܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ (‫ ܤ = )ܤ‬+ ‫ ܤ = ܨܦ‬+ ‫ܧ = ܧܤ‬
e) ܶ஽ி
29.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܩܥ‬
a) ‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
b) ‫ܪܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܪܦ‬

ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܲܰ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܨܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܨܦ‬
c) ሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܮܬ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܦܪ‬ሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܩܮ‬ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܮܬ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܩܬ‬
d) ‫ܥܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱܲ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬԦ
0
‫ ܥܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܥܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܨܧ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܦܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܦܤ‬
f) ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ൯ = ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܰܧ‬+ ൫െܳܲ ‫ ܰܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܲܳ = ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܰܧ‬+ ܱܰ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܱܧ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ = ‫ܯܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ൫െܱ‫ܬ‬
g) ‫ܯܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܳܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܳܯ‬
‫ܯܪ = ܱܬ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
30.
a) 2‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܧ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 3‫ܮܯ‬
b) െ3‫ܯܮ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܫܯ‬
ଵ
c) ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܧܣ‬
‫ܫܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
d) െ‫ܪܧ‬ ‫ܧܪ‬
ԡ௔ሬԦԡ ଵ ଵ
31.
ሬԦ ฮ
= &RPRܽԦ HܾሬԦ WrPVHQWLGRVRSRVWRVHQWmRߣ = െ
ฮ௕ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ହ
32. ܽԦ = ݀Ԧ ܾሬԦ = െ2݀Ԧ ܿԦ = െ ݀Ԧ
ଷ ଷ
33.
a) 2ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ = 2(2‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ) + (െ3‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 5‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = 4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 2‫ݕ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 5‫ݕ‬Ԧ = ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ
b) െ2ܽԦ + 3ܾሬԦ = െ2(2‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ) + 3(െ3‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 5‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = െ4‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 2‫ݕ‬Ԧ െ 9‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 15‫ݕ‬Ԧ = െ13‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 17‫ݕ‬Ԧ
34.
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ
a) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ +
‫ܲܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ቀ
‫ܲܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܲܣ‬
+ ଷቁ ‫ܲܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + 2‫ܫܧ‬
b) 2‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ = 2൫‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܫܧ‬൯ = 2൫‫ܧܦ‬ ‫ = ܰܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܫܧ‬൯ = 2‫ܫܦ‬ ‫ܭܣ‬
ଵ
c) 2 ቀ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܲܶ ቁ = 2ܲܳ ܴܲ
ସ
35.
& 1& & 11 & 1 & 11 & & &
a) 27 v u 2( 3 v) u u u 27 v 2 3 v
2 2 2 2
10 & & &
u 3 3v 2 3v
2
& &
5u 5 3 v
118
10
଼
b) 3 ቀ2‫ݒ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦቁ + 2(4‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ) െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = 6‫ݒ‬Ԧ െ 8‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ + 8‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = 5‫ݒ‬Ԧ
ଷ
36. െ2(െ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ܽԦ) + 2(3ܽԦ) = 3൫ܽԦ + 2ܾሬԦ൯ ֞ 2‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 2ܽԦ + 6ܽԦ = 3ܽԦ + 6ܾሬԦ ֞ 2‫ݔ‬Ԧ = 3ܽԦ + 2ܽԦ െ 6ܽԦ + 6ܾሬԦ
֞ 2‫ݔ‬Ԧ = െܽԦ + 6ܾሬԦ

ଵ
֞ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ = െ ܽԦ + 3ܾሬԦ
ଶ
37. ܽԦ = ଓԦ + ଔԦ ܾሬԦ = െ2ଓԦ + ଔԦ ܿԦ = 2ଓԦ + 0ଔԦ ݀Ԧ = 0ଓԦ െ ଔԦ
38. ܽԦ = 2݁ሬሬሬԦଵ + 2݁ሬሬሬԦ;

ଶ ܽԦ(2, 2)
ܾሬԦ = 2݁
ሬሬሬԦଵ െ 2݁ሬሬሬԦ; ሬԦ
ଶ ܾ (2, െ2)
ܿԦ = 2݁ሬሬሬԦଵ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ;
ଶ ܿԦ(2, 0)
݀Ԧ = െ2݁
ሬሬሬԦଵ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ; Ԧ
ଶ ݀ (െ2, 0)
݂Ԧ = െ3݁ሬሬሬԦଵ െ 3݁ሬሬሬԦ; Ԧ
ଶ ݂(െ3, െ3)
݃Ԧ = 0݁ሬሬሬԦଵ + 4݁ሬሬሬԦ;
ଶ ݃Ԧ(0, 4)
39.
a) ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ = (1, െ3) + (െ9, 4) = (1 െ 9, െ3 + 4) = (െ8, 1)
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଷ ସ
b) ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ = ቀെ1, ቁ + ቀ1, ቁ = ቀെ1 + 1, + ቁ = ቀ0, ቁ = (0, 2)
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
c) ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ = ൫ξ2, 0൯ + ൫ξ8, െ5൯ = ൫ξ2 + ξ8, 0 െ 5൯ = ൫ξ2 + 2ξ2, െ5൯ = ൫3ξ2, െ5൯
ሬሬԦ = ‫ݑ‬
40. ‫ݒ‬Ԧ + ‫ݓ‬ ሬԦ ֞ (2݇ + 1, 3) + (2, ‫( = )݌‬െ3, 8) ֞ (2݇ + 1 + 2, 3 + ‫( = )݌‬െ3, 8)
֞ (2݇ + 3, 3 + ‫( = )݌‬െ3, 8)
֞ 2݇ + 3 = െ3 ‫ ר‬3 + ‫ = ݌‬8
֞ 2݇ = െ6 ‫ = ݌ ר‬5
֞ ݇ = െ3 ‫ = ݌ ר‬5
ଵ
ሬԦ(2, െ3)
41. ‫ݑ‬ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(െ1, 4) ሬሬԦ ቀ , 0ቁ
‫ݓ‬
ଷ
ሬԦ + ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = (2, െ3) + (െ1, 4) = (2 െ 1, െ3 + 4) = (1, 1)

a) ‫ݑ‬
ଵ ଵ ଵ ସ
ሬሬԦ = (2, െ3) + (െ1, 4) + ቀ , 0ቁ = (1, 1) + ቀ , 0ቁ = ቀ1 + , 1 + 0ቁ = ቀ , 1ቁ
ሬԦ + ‫ݒ‬Ԧ + ‫ݓ‬
b) ‫ݑ‬
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
c) ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = (2, െ3) െ (െ1, 4) = (2 + 1, െ3 െ 4) = (3, െ7)
d) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (െ1, 4) െ (2, െ3) = (െ1 െ 2, 4 + 3) = (െ3, 7)
ሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ
e) 2‫ݑ‬ 4‫ = ݒ‬2(2, െ3) + 4(െ1, 4) = (4, െ6) + (െ4, 16) = (4 െ 4, െ6 + 16) = (0, 10)
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ሬԦ = െ3 ቀ , 0ቁ െ (2, െ3) = (െ1, 0) + ቀെ1, ቁ = ቀെ1 െ 1,0 + ቁ = ቀെ2, ቁ
ሬሬԦ െ ‫ݑ‬
f) െ3‫ݓ‬
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
g) 3 ቀെ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ + ‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦቁ = 3 ൬െ(2, െ3) + ቀ , 0ቁ൰ = 3 ൬(െ2, 3) + ቀ , 0ቁ൰ = 3 ቀെ2 + , 3 + 0ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଷ ଺ ଺
ଵଵ ଷଷ ଵଵ
= 3 ቀെ , 3ቁ = ቀെ , 9ቁ = ቀെ , 9ቁ
଺ ଺ ଶ
42.
ଷ
a) 3RUH[HPSOR(െ4, 6), (2, െ3), (െ20, 30), ቀെ1, ቁ
ଶ
b) 3RUH[HPSOR(0, 1), (0, െ1), (0, 2), (0, 10)
119
10
43.
a) ܾሬԦ = 2ܽԦORJRRVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmRFROLQHDUHV
b) ܾሬԦ = െ4ܽԦORJRRVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmRFROLQHDUHV
ଵ଴ ଵ଼
c) = െ10 H = 2&RPRെz RVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ QmRVmRFROLQHDUHV
ିଵ ଽ
଴ ଻ ଵ ଵ
d) = 0 H = &RPRz RVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ QmRVmRFROLQHDUHV
ଶ ଵସ ଶ ଶ
e) ܾሬԦ = െ9ܽԦORJRRVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmRFROLQHDUHV

f) ܾሬԦ = 2ܽԦORJRRVYHWRUHVܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmR FROLQHDUHV
ଶ
44. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(2, 4) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(3, 1 െ ݇) ሬሬԦ ቀ݇, െ ቁ
‫ݓ‬
ଷ
ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ VHMDPFROLQHDUHV
a) 3DUDTXH‫ݑ‬
ଶ ସ
= ֞ 2(1 െ ݇) = 12 ֞ 2 െ 2݇ = 12 ֞ 2݇ = െ10 ֞ ݇ = െ5
ଷ ଵି௞
b) 3DUDTXH‫ݒ‬Ԧ H‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ VHMDPFROLQHDUHV
ଷ ଵି௞ ଶ ଵ±ξଵା଼
= మ ֞ 3 × ቀെ ቁ = ݇(1 െ ݇) ֞ െ2 = ݇ െ ݇ ଶ ֞ ݇ ଶ െ ݇ െ 2 = 0 ֞ ݇ =
௞ ି ଷ ଶ
య
֞ ݇ = 2 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െ1
45. ‫(ܣ‬െ1, 2) ‫(ܤ‬2, െ3) ‫(ܥ‬0, 5)

a) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, െ3) െ (െ1, 2) = (2 + 1, െ3 െ 2) = (3, െ5)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = െ‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܣܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = െ(3, െ5) = (െ3, 5)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥ = ܥܤ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬0, 5) െ (2, െ3) = (0 െ 2, 5 + 3) = (െ2, 8)
b) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥ = ܥܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 5) െ (െ1, 2) = (0 + 1, 5 െ 2) = (1, 3)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, െ3) + (1, 3) = (2 + 1, െ3 + 3) = (3, 0)
/RJR‫ ܤ = ܦ‬+ ‫ܥܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = െ‫ܥܤ‬
‫ܤܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = െ(െ2, 8) = (2, െ8)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, െ3) െ 2(2, െ8) = (2, െ3) െ (4, െ16) = (2 െ 4, െ3 + 16) = (െ2, 13)
/RJR‫ ܤ = ܧ‬െ 2‫ܤܥ‬
‫( = ܨܣ‬1, 7) ֞ ‫ ܨ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬1, 7) ֞ ‫ ܨ‬െ (െ1, 2) = (1, 7) ֞ ‫( = ܨ‬െ1, 2) + (1, 7)
֞ ‫( = ܨ‬െ1 + 1, 2 + 7)
֞ ‫( = ܨ‬0, 9)
46. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(െ2, 4) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(1, െ5) ‫(ܣ‬1, 3) ‫(ܤ‬2, െ7)
ሬԦԡ = ԡ(െ2, 4)ԡ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + 4ଶ = ξ4 + 16 = ξ20 = 2ξ5
a) ԡ‫ݑ‬
b) ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = ԡ(1, െ5)ԡ = ඥ1ଶ + (െ5)ଶ = ξ1 + 25 = ξ26

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, െ7) െ (1, 3) = (2 െ 1, െ7 െ 3) = (1, െ10)
c) ‫ܤܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ԡ(1, െ10)ԡ = ඥ1ଶ + (െ10)ଶ = ξ1 + 100 = ξ101
ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
d) ԡ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦԡ + ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = 2ξ5 + ξ26
ሬԦ + ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = ԡ(െ2, 4) + (1, െ5)ԡ = ԡ(െ2 + 1, 4 െ 5)ԡ = ԡ(െ1, െ1)ԡ = ඥ(െ1)ଵ + (െ1)ଶ
e) ԡ‫ݑ‬
= ξ1 + 1 = ξ2
120
10
47. 6HMD‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (ܽ, ܾ)3DUDTXH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ VHMDP FROLQHDUHVWHP-VHTXH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ݇‫ݒ‬ԦRXVHMD
(ܽ, ܾ) = ݇(െ2, 1) ֞ (ܽ, ܾ) = (െ2݇, ݇)
(QWmR ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (െ2݇, ݇) 3RURXWURODGR
ሬԦԡ = 10 ֞ ඥ(െ2݇)ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 10 ֞ (െ2݇)ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 100 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 100
ԡ‫ݑ‬
֞ 5݇ ଶ = 100
֞ ݇ ଶ = 20
֞ ݇ = ξ20 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െξ20
֞ ݇ = 2ξ5 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െ2ξ5
/RJR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ൫െ4ξ5, 2ξ5൯ RX‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ൫4ξ5, െ2ξ5൯
48. $UHWD‫ ݎ‬FRQWpPRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDVHെെ

&RPRെെെ െെHQWmRTXDOTXHUYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬VHUiFROLQHDUFRP
(െെSRUH[HPSOR ‫ݎ‬Ԧ
$UHWD‫ ݏ‬FRQWpPRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDVെHെ
CRPRെെ െ െHQWmRHVWHpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ݏ‬$UHWD‫ ݐ‬pXPDUHWD
YHUWLFDOORJR XPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUp$UHWD‫ ݌‬pXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDOORJRXPVHXYHWRU
GLUHWRUp
49.
a) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHSDVVDQRSRQWRHWHPDGLUHomRGRYHWRUെp
(‫(݇ ݕݔ‬െ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
b) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDELVVDVHTXHFRQWpPRSRQWR൫ξ2, ξ3൯ p
(‫ ݕ ݔ‬൫ξ2, ξ3൯ ݇ ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ
c) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVHTXHFRQWpPRSRQWRቀ3, െ ቁ p
ଶ
ଵ
(‫ ݕ ݔ‬ቀ3, െ ቁ ݇ ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬3, െ5) െ (1, 8) = (3 െ 1, െ5 െ 8) = (2, െ13)

d) ‫ܤܣ‬
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHFRQWpPRVSRQWRVA HB p
(‫( ݕݔ‬3, െ5) ݇െ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
50.
a) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 2) + ݇(5, 2), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
121
10
b) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 2) + ݇(െ2, 1), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, +λ[
c) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 2) + ݇(0, െ4), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, 1]
51. (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ4) + ݇(െ2,1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ

a) (1, െ4) pXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk REWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ4) + (െ2, 1) = (െ1, െ3)TXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk = െREWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ4) െ (െ2, 1) = (3, െ5)TXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
(െ1, െ3) pXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk REWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, െ3) + (െ2, 1) = (െ3, െ2)TXH pXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk = െREWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, െ3) െ (െ2, 1) = (1, െ4)TXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
(3, െ5) pXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk REWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬3, െ5) + (െ2, 1) = (1, െ4)TXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
6Hk = െREWpP-VH(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬3, െ5) െ (െ2, 1) = (5, െ6)TXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
b) (2, 5) SHUWHQFHjUHWDVHH[LVWLUXPYDORUGHk WDOTXH

(2, 5) = (1, െ4) + ݇(െ2, 1) ֞ (2, 5) = (1, െ4) + (െ2݇, ݇)
֞ (2, 5) = (1 െ 2݇, െ4 + ݇)
֞ 1 െ 2݇ = 2 ‫ ר‬െ4 + ݇ = 5
ଵ
֞݇ =െ ‫= ݇ר‬9
ଶ
/RJR RSRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWD
c) 3URFXUDPRVRSRQWR(െ2, ‫ )ݕ‬GDUHWD
(െ2, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ4) + ݇(െ2, 1) ֞ (െ2, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ4) + (െ2݇, ݇) ֞ (െ2, ‫( = )ݕ‬1 െ 2݇, െ4 + ݇)
֞ 1 െ 2݇ = െ2 ‫ ר‬െ4 + ݇ = ‫ݕ‬
ଷ ଷ
֞݇= ‫ = ݕ ר‬െ4 +
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ହ
֞݇= ‫= ݕר‬െ
ଶ ଶ
ହ
/RJRRSRQWRGDUHWDTXHWHPDEFLVVDെpቀെ2, െ ቁ
ଶ
122
10
d) 3URFXUDPRVRSRQWR‫ ݌‬െ GDUHWD
(‫ ݌‬െ 1, 2) = (1, െ4) + ݇(െ2, 1) ֞ (‫ ݌‬െ 1, 2) = (1, െ4) + (െ2݇, ݇)
֞ (‫ ݌‬െ 1, 2) = (1 െ 2݇, െ4 + ݇)
֞ 1 െ 2݇ = ‫ ݌‬െ 1 ‫ ר‬െ4 + ݇ = 2
֞ ‫ = ݌‬2 െ 2݇ ‫ = ݇ ר‬6
֞ ‫ = ݌‬െ10 ‫ = ݇ ר‬6
/RJRRSRQWR‫ ݌‬െ SHUWHQFHjUHWDVH‫ = ݌‬െ
e) 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpെ4XDOTXHURXWURYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDVHUiFROLQHDUFRPHVWH
ଵ
9HULILTXHPRVHQWmRVHቀ1, െ ቁ pFROLQHDUFRPെ
ଶ
ିଶ ଵ ଵ
= െ2 H భ = െ2 ORJRRVYHWRUHVVmRFROLQHDUHVHSRUWDQWR ቀ1, െ ቁ pXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGD
ଵ ି ଶ
మ
UHWD
52. ‫(ܣ‬2, െ4) ‫(ܤ‬െ1, 3)

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬െ1, 3) െ (2, െ4) = (െ1 െ 2, 3 + 4) = (െ3, 7)
a) ‫ܤܣ‬
‫ = ݔ‬2 െ 3݇
$VVLPDVHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDAB VmR ൜ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݕ‬െ4 + 7݇
ସ ସ ଶ
b) 6H ‫ = ݕ‬0 HQWmR െ k k = ( SRUWDQWR ‫ = ݔ‬2 െ 3 ×
଻
= . $VVLP R SRQWR GH
଻ ଻
ଶ
LQWHUVHomRGDUHWDFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pቀ , 0ቁ
଻
ଶ
6H ‫ = ݔ‬0 HQWmRെ 3k k =
ଷ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
(SRUWDQWR‫ = ݕ‬െ4 + 7 × = $VVLPRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬pቀ0, ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
53.
‫ = ݔ‬1 + 3ߣ
a) 6LPSOLILFDQGRDHTXDomRGDGDREWpP-VH ൜ , ߣ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݕ‬െ1 + ߣ
/RJRെpXPSRQWRGDUHWDr HpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGHVWDUHWD
6HO SRUH[HPSORREWpP-VH‫ = ݔ‬1 + 3 × 1 = 4 H‫ = ݕ‬െ1 + 1 = 0/RJR pWDPEpP
XPSRQWRGDUHWDr
‫ = ݔ‬3ߣ
b) ൜ , ߣ ‫ א‬Թ p XP VLVWHPD GH HTXDo}HV SDUDPpWULFDV GD UHWD SDUDOHOD D r H TXHFRQWpP D
‫ߣ=ݕ‬
RULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO
54. ‫ݎ‬: (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, 4) + ݇(2, 5), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ p XPD HTXDomR YHWRULDO GD UHWD TXH FRQWpP R SRQWR GH
FRRUGHQDGDVെHWHPDGLUHomRGRYHWRU (VWDHTXDomRpHTXLYDOHQWHD
(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, 4) + (2݇, 5݇), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ ֞ (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2݇ െ 1, 5݇ + 4), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2݇ െ 1 ‫ = ݕ ר‬4 + 5݇, ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ାଵ ௬ିସ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ר‬
ଶ ହ
௫ାଵ ௬ିସ
֞ = TXHpXPDHTXDomRFDUWHVLDQDGDUHWDr
ଶ ହ
123
10
3RUVXDYH]HVWDHTXDomRpHTXLYDOHQWHD
ହ ଵଷ
5‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 2‫ ݕ‬െ 8 ֞ 2‫ = ݕ‬5‫ ݔ‬+ 13 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬+ , TXHpDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDr
ଶ ଶ
ଶିସ ଶ
55. 2VSRQWRVHSHUWHQFHPjUHWDܽ/RJR݉௔ = =
ଶି଻ ହ
ଷିଶ ଵ
2VSRQWRVHSHUWHQFHPjUHWDܾ/RJR݉௕ = =െ
଴ିଶ ଶ
$UHWDc pXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDO/RJR݉௖ = 0
56.
ଶ
a) ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2
଻
ଶ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDp HHQWmRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp
଻
b) ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ݔ‬
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDpെHHQWmRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpെ
c) ‫ = ݕ‬9
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDp0 HHQWmRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp
ଵ
d) 6‫ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݕ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬െ
ଷ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDpെHHQWmRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpെ
57.
a) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, 9) + ݇(2, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
&RPRpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp &RPRpXPSRQWRGD
ଶ
ଷ
UHWDHQWmRDVXDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp $VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGHVWDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+9
ଶ
b) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, 5) + ݇(െ1, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
&RPR െ p XP YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD HQWmR R VHX GHFOLYH p = െ3 /RJR D HTXDomR
ିଵ
UHGX]LGDGHVWDUHWDpGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ8PDYH]TXHെ1pXPSRQWRGDUHWDHQWmR
5 = െ3 × (െ1) + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 2 $VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGHVWDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2
c) (‫ݔ‬, ‫ = )ݕ‬൫െ1, ξ3൯ + ݇(8, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
&RPRpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDWUDWD-VH GHXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDO8PDYH]TXH൫െ1, ξ3൯
p XPSRQWRGDUHWDHQWmRDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp‫ = ݕ‬ξ3
58.
ଵ
a) ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬െ
ହ
ଵ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDp ORJRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp(5, 1)&RPRDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPpെ
ହ
WHP-VHTXHെpXPSRQWRGDUHWD$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDp
(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, െ2) + ݇(5, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
124
10
b) ‫ = ݕ‬5‫ݔ‬
c) 2GHFOLYHGDUHWDpORJRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp(1, 5) &RPRDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp
WHP-VHTXHpXPSRQWRGDUHWD $VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDp
(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, 0) + ݇(1, 5), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
d) ‫ = ݕ‬5
7UDWD-VH GH XPD UHWD KRUL]RQWDO ORJR XP YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD p (1, 0) 2 SRQWR p XP
SRQWRGDUHWD$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDp(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, 5) + ݇(1, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
59.
a) ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 8 p XPD HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD TXH WHP GHFOLYH െ H SDVVD QR SRQWR GH
FRRUGHQDGDV
ହ
b) &RPRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp /RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGD
ଶ
ହ ହ
UHWDpHQWmRGDIRUPD‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDHQWmR3 = ×1+
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ହ ଵ
ܾ ֞ ܾ = $HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDpHQWmR‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬+
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ହି଴ ଵ଴ ଵ଴
c) 2GHFOLYHGDUHWDp భ = /RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDpGDIRUPD‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ
ଶି ଷ ଷ
మ
ଵ଴ ହ
&RPRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDHQWmR5 = ×2+ܾ ܾ֞ =െ
ଷ ଷ
ଵ଴ ହ
$HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ
ଷ ଷ
d) െ4‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 5
/RJRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDp$HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDpHQWmRGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ
&RPRRSRQWRെSHUWHQFHjUHWDHQWmR0 = 4 × (െ3) + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 12
$HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 12
60.
a) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ9) + ݇(3, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ
&RPRpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp &RPRpXPSRQWRGD
ଷ
ଵ
UHWDHQWmRDVXDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ଷ
‫= ݔ‬2+݇
b) ൜ ,݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݕ‬െ1 + 6݇
&RPRpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGD UHWDHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp&RPRpXPSRQWRGD
UHWDHQWmRDVXDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬+ 1
௫ାଵ ௬
c) =െ
ଶ ଷ
ଷ
&RPRെpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp െ &RPRpXPSRQWR
ଶ
GDUHWDHQWmRDVXD RUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp
ଷ
$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ଶ
125
10
d) ‫ߨ = ݕ‬
7UDWD-VHGHXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDOSRUWDQWRRVHXGHFOLYHp&RPRpXPSRQWRGDUHWD
HQWmRDVXDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬1
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 230 a 237
1. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ് ‫ܦܤ‬
5HODWLYDPHQWHjRSomR$‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ SRUTXHQmRWrPDPHVPDGLUHomR4XDQWRjRSomR%
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ‫ܦܣ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ് ‫ܦܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ (P UHODomR j RSomR & ‫ܣܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܣܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ܣܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ܦܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ 1D RSomR
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
'‫ܥܣ‬ ‫ = ܦܤ‬2‫ܦܣ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ് ሬԦ
0
Opção (C)
2. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܩܮ‬
1DRSomR$‫ܥܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܮ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܮ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ ് 0
ሬԦ 4XDQWRjRSomR%ฮ‫ܬܫ‬
ሬሬሬԦ + 2‫ܨܬ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ฮ‫ܬܫ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ
ሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܬ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ฮ‫ܦܮ‬
= ฮ‫ܤܫ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ 1D RSomR & ‫ ܨ‬+ ‫ܪܬ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܨ‬+ ‫ܦܨ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܨ ് ܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ 5HODWLYDPHQWH j RSomR '
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܥ‬
ฮ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ฮ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = 0 ് ฮ‫ܧܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ
Opção (B)
3. ‫(ܣ‬െ1, 2) ‫(ܤ‬3, 0) ‫(ܥ‬1, െ5)

݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ඥ(െ1 െ 3)ଶ + (2 െ 0)ଶ = ඥ(െ4)ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ16 + 4 = ξ20 = 2ξ5
ଶ
݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ට(െ1 െ 1)ଶ + ൫2 െ (െ5)൯ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + 7ଶ = ξ4 + 49 = ξ53
ଶ
݀(‫ܤ‬, ‫ = )ܥ‬ට(3 െ 1)ଶ + ൫0 െ (െ5)൯ = ξ2ଶ + 5ଶ = ξ4 + 25 = ξ29
/RJR A B H C QmR VmR YpUWLFHV GH XP WULkQJXOR HTXLOiWHUR QHP GH XP WULkQJXOR LVyVFHOHV
SRUTXH݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ܣ(݀ ് )ܤ‬, ‫ܤ(݀ ് )ܥ‬, ‫)ܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬3, 0) െ (െ1, 2) = (4, െ2)
‫ܤܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܤܥ‬െ ‫( = ܥ‬3, 0) െ (1, െ5) = (2, 5)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܤܣ‬ ‫( = ܤܥ‬4, െ2) + (2, 5) = (6, 3)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܥ‬
ฮ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(6, 3) ԡ = ξ6ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ36 + 9 = ξ45 = 3ξ5
Opção (C)
4. (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, 0) + ݇(െ1, 2), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ

ଶ
&RPRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp(െ1, 2)HQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp = െ2R TXHVLJQLILFDTXH
ିଵ
DUHWDpSDUDOHODjUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ݔ‬
Opção (D)
5. 2VSRQWRV(2, 0) H(0, 8) SHUWHQFHPjUHWDs/RJRDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPGHVWDUHWDpHR

଴ି଼
VHXGHFOLYHp = െ4. $VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDs p‫ = ݕ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 8
ଶି଴
Opção (B)
126
10
6. ‫ܧܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ORJR RV YHWRUHV ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = െ2‫ܩܯ‬ ‫ ܧܣ‬H ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܯ‬QmR VmR VLPpWULFRV SRUTXH QmR WrP R PHVPR
FRPSULPHQWRHDDILUPDomR,pIDOVD
ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܮܯ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦܣ‬ORJRDDILUPDomR,,pYHUGDGHLUD
ଷ
Opção (D)
ିଷ ିଶ ଽ
7. 3DUDTXH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ VHMDPFROLQHDUHV = ֞ 3 = െ4‫ ݌‬െ 6 ֞ 4‫ = ݌‬െ9 ֞ ‫ = ݌‬െ
ଶ௣ାଷ ିଵ ସ
Opção (D)
8. 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODVFRRUGHQDGDVGHP QDHTXDomRGDUHWD

െ5 ± ξ25 െ 24
݇ ଶ = െ5݇ െ 6 ֞ ݇ ଶ + 5݇ + 6 = 0 ֞ ݇ =
2
֞ ݇ = െ2 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െ3
Opção (A)
9. ܽ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔܽ = ݕ‬െ 2

‫ = ݔ‬1 + 2݇ ଷ
൜ , ݇ ‫ א‬ԹORJR(2, െ3) p XPYHWRUGLUHWRUGHVWDUHWDHSRUWDQWRRVHXGHFOLYHpെ
‫ = ݕ‬5 െ 3݇ ଶ
ଷ
3DUDTXHDVUHWDVVHMDPSDUDOHODVWHP-VHHQWmRTXHܽ = െ
ଶ
Opção (B)
10. 2EVHUYH-VH D ILJXUD TXH UHSUHVHQWD D VLWXDomR GHVFULWD QR

HQXQFLDGR &RPR VH SRGH REVHUYDU D PHGLDWUL] GH >OA@ WHP
GHFOLYHSRVLWLYRHDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPWDPEpP pSRVLWLYD
Opção (A)
ଷ
11. 2 UDLR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD p SRUTXH p PHWDGH GD GLVWkQFLD HQWUH R HL[R ܱ‫ ݕ‬H D UHWD GH
ଶ
HTXDomR‫ = ݔ‬3TXHVmRWDQJHQWHVjFLUFXQIHUrQFLD2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRGH
ଷ ଵ ଷ
FRRUGHQDGDVቀ , + ଶቁ = ቀଷଶ , 2ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଽ
$VVLP XPD HTXDomR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD p ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ +(‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = $ UHWD UHSUHVHQWDGD QD
ଶ ସ
ଶ ସ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ቀଷ , 2ቁORJRRVHXGHFOLYHp య
ILJXUDWHPDGLUHomRGRYHWRUܱ‫ܥ‬ = $OpPGLVVRHVWDUHWD
ଶ ଷ
మ
ସ
FRQWpPDRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬8PDFRQGLomRTXH
ଷ
ଷ ଶ ଽ ସ
GHILQHRFRQMXQWRGHSRQWRVDVRPEUHDGRpHQWmR ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ +(‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ ‫ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ ସ ଷ
Opção (B)
127
10
തതതത
஺ை×ை஻തതതത തതതത
ξଶ×ை஻
12. ‫[ܣ‬ை஺஻] = 4 ֞ =4֞ തതതത = ଼ ֞ തതതത
= 4 ֞ ܱ‫ܤ‬ ܱ‫ = ܤ‬4ξ2
ଶ ଶ ξଶ
7HP-VHHQWmRTXH‫ܣ‬൫െξ2, 0൯ H‫ܤ‬൫0, െ4ξ2൯/RJRDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPGDUHWDAB pെ4ξ2

଴ାସξଶ
HRVHXGHFOLYHp = െ4$HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDAB p‫ = ݕ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬െ 4ξ2
ିξଶି଴
Opção (B)
13. 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݕ‬SRU2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ QDHTXDomRGDHOLSVH

௫మ (ଶ௫ା௕)మ
+ = 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4(2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)ଶ = 16 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4(4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4ܾ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ ଶ ) = 16
ଵ଺ ସ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16ܾ‫ ݔ‬+ 4ܾ ଶ െ 16 = 0 ֞ 17‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16ܾ‫ ݔ‬+ 4ܾ ଶ െ 16 = 0
3DUDTXHH[LVWDDSHQDVXPSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRHQWUHDUHWDHDHOLSVH HVWDHTXDomRWHUiGH
WHUDSHQDVXPDVROXomRSHORTXHRYDORUGRVHXELQyPLRGLVFULPLQDQWHWHUiGHVHUQXOR
$VVLP (16ܾ)ଶ െ 4 × 17 × (4ܾ ଶ െ 16) = 0 ֞ 16 × 16ܾ ଶ െ 16 × 17ܾ ଶ + 16 × 4 × 17 = 0
֞ 16ܾ ଶ െ 17ܾ ଶ + 4 × 17 = 0
֞ െܾ ଶ + 4 × 17 = 0
֞ ܾ ଶ = 4 × 17
֞ ܾ = 2ξ17 ‫ = ܾ ש‬െ2ξ17
Opção (A)
14.
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܰ‫ܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܰܣ‬
a) ܰ‫ܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܰܳ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܳܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ
b) 3‫ܩܣ‬ ‫ = ܦܫ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ܴ‫ = ܯ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܴܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܯܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ܧܫ‬
c) 2ܳ‫ܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܪܨ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ܵ‫ܨ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܵ‫ܪ‬
ܰ‫ ܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
d) (‫ ܤ‬െ ܰ) + (‫ ܥ‬െ ‫ = )ܭ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܥܭ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ܰ‫ = ܤ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܰܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܤܣ‬
e) ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܯܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܵܰ = ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܯܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܣܯ‬ሬԦ
0
ଵ
f) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܴܱ െ ‫ܨܫ‬ሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܴܳ + ܳܶሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܴܶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ
ଵ
g) ‫ ܮ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܮ = ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܶ = ܶܮ‬
ଶ
h) ‫ ܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
ܲܵ = ‫ ܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܫ = ܫܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܪ‬+ ‫ܮܪ‬
i) ‫ ܪ‬െ ‫ܲܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܮ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܰܧ‬
j) ‫ ܧ‬+ ܶ‫ܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܧ‬+ ‫ܦܧ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܯܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܦ‬+ ‫ܯܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܯ‬
15. ܽԦ = െ2‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ ܾሬԦ = 4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ

a) 2൫ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ൯ = 2(െ2‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ + 4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = 2(2‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 2‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = 4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 4‫ݕ‬Ԧ
b) െ3ܽԦ െ ܾሬԦ = െ3(െ2‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ) െ (4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = 6‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ െ 4‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ = 2‫ݔ‬Ԧ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ସ ଻ ଷ
c) ܽԦ െ ܾሬԦ = (െ2‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ) െ (4‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ 3‫ݕ‬Ԧ) = െ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ = െ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + ‫ݕ‬Ԧ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ
16. ܽԦ(െ1, 3) ܾሬԦ(5, 2)

a) ܿԦ = 2ܽԦ + 2ܾሬԦ = 2(െ1, 3) + 2(5, 2) = (െ2, 6) + (10, 4) = (8, 10)
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵଷ
b) ݀Ԧ = ܾሬԦ െ ܽԦ = (5, 2) െ (െ1, 3) = ቀ1, ቁ െ(െ1, 3) = ቀ2, െ ቁ
ହ ହ ହ ହ
128
10
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
c) ܽԦ = 2݁Ԧ െ ܾሬԦ ֞ 2݁Ԧ = ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ ֞ ݁Ԧ = ቀ ܽԦ + ܾሬԦቁ ֞ ݁Ԧ = ൬ (െ1, 3) + (5, 2)൰
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵସ ଻ ଷ
֞ ݁Ԧ = ൬ቀെ , 1ቁ + (5, 2)൰ ֞ ݁Ԧ = ൬ቀെ , 1ቁ + (5, 2)൰ ֞ ݁Ԧ = ቀ , 3ቁ ֞ ݁Ԧ = ቀ , ቁ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ
17.
ሬԦ(െ8, 3)
a) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHSDVVDQRSRQWR‫(ܣ‬െ1, ߨ) HWHPDGLUHomRGRYHWRU‫ݑ‬
p (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, ߨ) + ݇(െ8, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ ܧ = ܧܦ‬െ ‫ = ܦ‬൫ξ8, െ4൯ െ ൫ξ2, 1൯ = ൫2ξ2, െ4൯ െ ൫ξ2, 1൯ = ൫ξ2, െ5൯
8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDDE p(‫ݔ‬, ‫ = )ݕ‬൫ξ2, 1൯ + ݇൫ξ2, െ5൯, ݇ ‫ א‬Թ.

c) 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpSRUTXHVHWUDWDGHXPDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDV
ଵ
8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVHTXHFRQWpPRSRQWRቀ7, െ ቁ p
ଶ
1
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ = )ݕ‬൬7, െ ൰ + ݇(1,0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ.
2
d) 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpSRUTXHVHWUDWDGHXPDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDV
8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVHTXHFRQWpPRSRQWR൫9, ξ3൯ p
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ = )ݕ‬൫9, ξ3 ൯ + ݇(0,1) ‫ א‬Թ.
18. ܲ(2, 1) ܳ(5, െ7)

a) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܲܳ = ܳ െ ܲ = (5, െ7) െ (2, 1) = (3, െ8)
8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDPQ p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 1) + ݇(3, െ8), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
b) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGRVHJPHQWRGHUHWD>PQ@p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 1) + ݇(3, െ8), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, 1]
c) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDVHPLUUHWDܲሶܳ p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 1) + ݇(3, െ8), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, +λ[
d) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDVHPLUUHWDܳሶ ܲ p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬5, െ7) + ݇(െ3, 8), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, +λ[
19. r pXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDOORJRr‫ = ݕ‬2 Y

u pXPDUHWDFRPGHFOLYHQHJDWLYRORJRu‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 LLL
t pXPDUHWDFRPRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPSRVLWLYDORJRt‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 3 LL
v Hs VmRDPEDVUHWDVFRPGHFOLYHSRVLWLYRHWrPDPHVPDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHP1RHQWDQWR
RGHFOLYHGHv pPDLRUTXHRGHFOLYHGHsORJRv‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 LHs‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ 2. LY
20.
a) $HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDFRPGHFOLYHെHTXHLQWHUVHWDRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬QRSRQWRGHRUGHQDGD
p‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2
ଵ
b) &RPRDUHWDWHPDGLUHomRGRYHWRU‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(5, 1)RVHXGHFOLYHp $VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGD
ହ
ଵ
UHWDpGDIRUPD‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPR‫(ܣ‬െ1, 2) SHUWHQFHjUHWDWHP-VHTXH
ହ
ଵ ଵଵ
2= × (െ1) + ܾ ֞ ܾ =
ହ ହ
ଵ ଵଵ
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬+
ହ ହ
129
10
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܧ‬െ ‫ = ܦ‬ቀଷ , െ6ቁ െ ቀଵ , 1ቁ = (1, െ7)
c) ‫ܧܦ‬
ଶ ଶ
/RJR R GHFOLYH GD UHWD p െ7 H D VXD HTXDomR UHGX]LGD p GD IRUPD ‫ = ݕ‬െ7‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ. &RPR
ଵ ଵ ଽ
‫ ܦ‬ቀ , 1ቁ SHUWHQFHjUHWDWHP-VHTXH1 = െ7 × +ܾ ֞ ܾ = /RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGD
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଽ
UHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ7‫ ݔ‬+
ଶ
ଷ
d) 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp(2, 3), SHORTXHRVHXGHFOLYHp HDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDpGD
ଶ
ଷ
IRUPD‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPRRSRQWR(1, െ4) SHUWHQFHjUHWDWHP-VHTXH
ଶ
ଷ ଵଵ ଷ ଵଵ
െ4 = ×1+ܾ ܾ֞ =െ /RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
e) 7UDWD-VHGHXPDUHWDKRUL]RQWDOTXHSDVVDQRSRQWR൫7, ξ2൯ORJRDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp
‫ = ݕ‬ξ2
ଵ ଻ ଵ
f) െ7‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݕ‬+ =0֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ
ଷ ଶ ଺
଻
$VVLPRGHFOLYHGDUHWDp HFRPRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGD
ଶ
଻
p‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
21.
a) pXPSRQWRSHUWHQFHQWHjUHWDr 6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ = ݔ‬1HQWmR
(1, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 3) + ݇(െ1, 2) ֞ (1, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 3) + (െ݇, 2݇) ֞ (1, ‫( = )ݕ‬2 െ ݇, 3 + 2݇)
֞ 2 െ ݇ = 1 ‫ ר‬3 + 2݇ = ‫ݕ‬
֞݇ =1‫= ݕר‬5
/RJRRSRQWRWDPEpPSHUWHQFHjUHWDr
2SRQWR൫1, ξ2൯ SHUWHQFHjUHWDs6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ = ݔ‬2HQWmR
2=1+ߣ ߣ=1
൜ ֞൜
‫ = ݕ‬ξ2 െ 2ߣ ‫ = ݕ‬ξ2 െ 2
/RJRRSRQWR൫2, ξ2 െ 2൯ WDPEpPSHUWHQFHjUHWDs
ଵ
2SRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDt6HSRUH[HPSOR‫ = ݔ‬3HQWmR ‫= ݕ‬ × 3 + 4 = 5.
ଷ
/RJRRSRQWRWDPEpPSHUWHQFHjUHWDt
b) 2 YHWRU െ p XP YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD r )D]HQGR SRU H[HPSOR u (െ REWpP-VH R
YHWRUെTXHWDPEpPpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDr
2YHWRU െpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDs)D]HQGRSRUH[HPSORu െREWpP-VHR
YHWRUെTXHWDPEpPpXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDs
ଵ
&RPR R GHFOLYH GD UHWD t p R YHWRU p XP YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD t EHP FRPR R VHX
ଷ
VLPpWULFRെെ
ଶ
c) 2GHFOLYHGDUHWDr p = െ2
ିଵ
ିଶ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDs p = െ2
ଵ
130
10
ଵ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDt p
ଷ
/RJR DVUHWDVr Hs VmRSDUDOHODVHDUHWDt QmRpSDUDOHODDQHQKXPDGHODV
d) 4XDOTXHUSRQWRTXHSHUWHQoDDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVpGDIRUPD‫ݕ‬RQGH‫ ݕ‬pXPQ~PHUR

UHDO
$VVLPQRTXHUHVSHLWDjUHWDr
(0, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 3) + ݇(െ1, 2) ֞ (0, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 3) + (െ݇, 2݇) ֞ (0, ‫( = )ݕ‬2 െ ݇, 3 + 2݇)
֞ 2 െ ݇ = 0 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3 + 2݇
֞݇ =2‫= ݕר‬7
/RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVp
3DUDDUHWDs
0=1+ߣ ߣ = െ1
൜ ֞൜
‫ = ݕ‬ξ2 െ 2ߣ ‫ = ݕ‬ξ2 + 2
/RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDs FRPRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVpξ2 + 2)
2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDt FRPRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVp
22.
തതതത = ඥ(1 െ 0)ଶ + (2 െ 0)ଶ = ξ1ଶ + 2ଶ
a) 2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpHRVHXUDLRp‫ܱܥ‬
= ξ1 + 4 = ξ5 /RJR XPD HTXDomR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD p (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 5 $ UHWD OC
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ (1,2)ORJRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDp = 2 $VVLPDHTXDomRGD
WHPFRPR YHWRUGLUHWRURYHWRUܱ‫ܥ‬
ଵ
UHWDOC p‫ = ݕ‬2‫( ݔ‬QWmRXPDFRQGLomRTXHUHSUHVHQWDRFRQMXQWRGHSRQWRVDVRPEUHDGRp
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ 5 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 2‫ ר ݔ‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 2
b) D pXPSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬2 FRPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDORJR
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (2 െ 2)ଶ = 5 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ξ5 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 1 = െξ5
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 + ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 െ ξ5
&RPRD WHPDELVVDSRVLWLYDHQWmRDVFRRUGHQDGDVGHD VmR൫1 + ξ5, 2൯
c) $ UHWD SDUDOHOD D OC WHP GHFOLYH WDO FRPR OC H p GD IRUPD ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPR D p XP
SRQWRGHVVDUHWD2 = 2൫1 + ξ5൯ + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 2 െ 2 െ 2ξ5 ֞ ܾ = െ2ξ5
$VVLPDUHWDWHPFRPRHTXDomRUHGX]LGD‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 2ξ5

തതതത
஼஽ ×௛ ξହ×ଶ
d) ‫[ܣ‬ை஼஽] = = = ξ5 u. a.
ଶ ଶ
23. 6HMDP RSRQWRWDOTXHB HP VmRYpUWLFHVFRQVHFXWLYRVGRORVDQJRP SHUWHQFHjUHWDAC Hp

ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ฮ‫ܲܤ‬
WDOTXHฮ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, 1) െ (0, 3) = (2, െ2)

‫ܥܣ‬
ିଶ
/RJRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDAC p = െ1 HDVXDRUGHQDGD QDRULJHPp$VVLPDHTXDomR
ଶ
UHGX]LGD GD UHWD AC p ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 'DTXL VH FRQFOXL TXH R SRQWRP p GD IRUPD (‫ݔ‬, െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3)
VHQGR‫ ݔ‬XPQ~PHURUHDO
ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ԡ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫ܣ‬ԡ = ԡ(5, 4) െ (0, 3)ԡ = ԡ(5, 1)ԡ = ξ5ଶ + 1ଶ = ξ26
ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
131
10
$VVLP
ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ξ26 ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ + (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ 4)ଶ = ξ26 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 26
ฮ‫ܲܤ‬
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ = ݔ‬0
֞ 2‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 4) = 0
֞‫=ݔ‬0 ‫=ݔ ש‬4
&RPRpDDEFLVVDGHAHQWmRpDDEFLVVDGHPORJRP(4, െ1)
6HMDDJRUDQ RSRQWRWDOTXHQ HA VmRYpUWLFHVFRQVHFXWLYRVGRORVDQJR
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
Q SHUWHQFHjUHWDBC HpWDOTXHฮ‫ܳܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬2, 1) െ (5, 4) = (െ3, െ3)

‫ܥܤ‬
ିଷ
/RJRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDBC p = 1 $HTXDomRUHGX]LGDGHBC pHQWmRGDIRUPD‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ ܾ
ିଷ
&RPRC SHUWHQFHDBC WHP-VHTXH b b = െ

AVVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDBC p‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ 1
'DTXLVHFRQFOXLTXHRSRQWRQ pGDIRUPD(‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)VHQGR ‫ ݔ‬XPQ~PHURUHDO $VVLP
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ξ26 ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ 3)ଶ = ξ26 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16 = 26
ฮ‫ܳܣ‬
ସ±ξଵ଺ାଶ଴
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬െ 10 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬5
ଶ
&RPRpDDEFLVVDGHBHQWmRെ1 pDDEFLVVDGHQORJRQ(െ1, െ2)
24. 6H‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ݒ‬Ԧ(2, െ6)HQWmRH[LVWHXPQ~PHURUHDOk WDOTXH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (2݇, െ6݇). (FRPR
‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ WHPRPHVPRVHQWLGRGH‫ݒ‬ԦHQWmR݇ > 0
ሬԦԡ = 8 ֞ ඥ(2݇)ଶ + (െ6݇)ଶ = 8 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + 36݇ ଶ = 64

ԡ‫ݑ‬
଺ସ
֞ ݇ଶ =
ସ଴
଼ ଼
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ଶξଵ଴ ଶξଵ଴
ଶξଵ଴ ଶξଵ଴
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ହ ହ
ଶξଵ଴ ଶξଵ଴ ସξଵ଴ ିଵଶξଵ଴
&RPR݇ > 0HQWmR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ቀ2 × , െ6 × ቁ=ቀ , ቁ
ହ ହ ହ ହ
25. 6H‫ݑ‬ ሬԦ = (݇, 5݇). CRPR‫ݑ‬

ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ݒ‬Ԧ(1,5)HQWmRH[LVWHXPQ~PHURUHDOk WDOTXH‫ݑ‬ ሬԦ WHP
VHQWLGRFRQWUiULRDRGH‫ݒ‬Ԧ HQWmR݇ < 0
ሬԦԡ = 12 ֞ ඥ݇ ଶ + (5݇)ଶ = 12 ֞ ݇ ଶ + 25݇ ଶ = 144
ԡ‫ݑ‬
ଵସସ
֞ ݇ଶ =
ଶ଺
ଵଶ ଵଶ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ξଶ଺ ξଶ଺
଺ξଶ଺ ଺ξଶ଺
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ଵଷ ଵଷ
଺ξଶ଺ ଺ξଶ଺ ଺ξଶ଺ ଷ଴ξଶ଺

&RPR݇ < 0HQWmR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ቆെ
ଵଷ
, 5 × ቀെ
ଵଷ
ቁቇ = ቀെ ଵଷ
,െ
ଵଷ
ቁ
132
10
26.
଻ ଷ
a) 8PSRQWRGDUHWDr pቀ0, െ ቁ &RPRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDr p HQWmRXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUp(4, 3)
ସ ସ
b) 2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRHL[RO x pGDIRUPD‫ݔ‬VHQGR ‫ ݔ‬XPQ~PHURUHDO
ଷ ଻ ଻
$VVLP0 = ‫ ݔ‬െ ֞ 0 = 3‫ ݔ‬െ 7 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬
ସ ସ ଷ
଻
2XVHMDRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pቀ , 0ቁ. 2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD
ଷ
଻
r FRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬pቀ0, െ ቁ
ସ
c) 2SRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWDs VHH[LVWLUXPk WDOTXH

(1, 5) = (1, 2) + ݇(െ4, 3) ֞ (1, 5) = (1, 2) + (െ4݇, 3݇) ֞ (1, 5) = (1 െ 4݇, 2 + 3݇)
֞ 1 െ 4݇ = 1 ‫ ר‬2 + 3݇ = 5
֞݇ = 0‫= ݇ר‬1
/RJR RSRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWDs
ଷ ଷ
d) 8P YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD s p െ ORJR R VHX GHFOLYH p =െ H D VXD HTXDomR
ିସ ସ
ଷ
UHGX]LGDpGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPRpXPSRQWRGDUHWDsWHP-VHTXH
ସ
ଷ ଵଵ
2=െ ×1+ܾ ܾ֞ =
ସ ସ
ଷ ଵଵ
$VVLPDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDs p‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬+ .
ସ ସ
ଷ ଷ
e) 2GHFOLYHGDUHWDr p HRGHFOLYHGDUHWDs pെ ORJRDVUHWDVQmRVmRSDUDOHODV
ସ ସ
f) ,JXDODQGRRVVHJXQGRVPHPEURVGDVHTXDo}HVUHGX]LGDVGDVUHWDVr HsREWpP-VH
ଷ ଻ ଷ ଵଵ
‫ݔ‬െ =െ ‫ݔ‬+ ֞ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 7 = െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 11 ֞ 6‫ = ݔ‬18 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3
ସ ସ ସ ସ
ଷ ଻ ଵ
&RPR‫ = ݔ‬3, HQWmR‫= ݕ‬ ×3െ = /RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDVUHWDVr Hs pRSRQWR
ସ ସ ଶ
ଵ
GHFRRUGHQDGDVቀ3, ቁ
ଶ
ଷ
g) 4XDOTXHUUHWDSDUDOHODjUHWDr WHPHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDIRUPD ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPR െp
ସ
ଷ
XP SRQWR GD UHWD FXMD HTXDomR VH SUHWHQGH GHWHUPLQDU HQWmR െ5 = × 4 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = െ8
ସ
ଷ
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬െ 8
ସ
ଷ ଻ ଶଷ ଶଷ
h) 3DUDTXHA SHUWHQoDjUHWDr 5‫= ݌‬ × 10 െ ֞ 5‫= ݌‬ ֞‫=݌‬
ସ ସ ସ ଶ଴
଻ ଻ ଶ
i) 8PDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURቀ1, െ ቁ HUDLRp(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ = 1
ସ ସ
ଷ ଻
2VSRQWRVGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPHVWDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDVmRGDIRUPDቀ‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁRQGH‫ ݔ‬p
ସ ସ
XPQ~PHURUHDO
133
10
$VVLP
ଷ ଻ ଻ ଶ ଽ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ ‫ ݔ‬െ ସ + ସቁ = 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1 ֞ 25‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 32‫ = ݔ‬0
ସ ଵ଺
֞ ‫(ݔ‬25‫ ݔ‬െ 32) = 0
ଷଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬0 ‫=ݔ ש‬
ଶହ
଻ ଻
6H‫ = ݔ‬0HQWmR‫ = ݕ‬െ HREWpP-VHRSRQWRቀ0, െ ቁ
ସ ସ
ଷଶ ଷ ଷଶ ଻ ଻ଽ ଷଶ ଻ଽ
6H‫= ݔ‬ HQWmR‫= ݕ‬ × െ =െ HREWpP-VHRSRQWRቀ , െ ቁ
ଶହ ସ ଶହ ସ ଵ଴଴ ଶହ ଵ଴଴
27. 2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDs FRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pGDIRUPD‫ݔ‬RQGH‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO

$VVLP
(‫ݔ‬, 0) = (2, 3) + ݇(െ1, 2) ֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0) = (2, 3) + (െ݇, 2݇) ֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0) = (2 െ ݇, 3 + 2݇)
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 െ ݇ ‫ ר‬3 + 2݇ = 0
ଷ
֞‫= ݔ‬2െ݇ ‫= ݇ ר‬െ
ଶ
ଷ ଷ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 െ ቀെ ቁ ‫ = ݇ ר‬െ
ଶ ଶ
଻ ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫=݇ ר‬െ
ଶ ଶ
଻
2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDs FRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pHQWmRRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV ቀ , 0ቁ8P
ଶ
ହ
YHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDr pെORJRRVHXGHFOLYHpെ HSRUWDQWRTXDOTXHUUHWDSDUDOHODj
ଶ
ହ ଻
UHWDr WHUiHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPRRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV ቀ , 0ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ହ ଻ ଷହ
SHUWHQFHjUHWDFXMD HTXDomRVHSUHWHQGHGHWHUPLQDUWHP-VH0 = െ × +ܾ ֞ ܾ =
ଶ ଶ ସ
$VVLP D HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD SDUDOHOD j UHWD r H TXH LQWHUVHWD R HL[R ܱ‫ ݔ‬QR PHVPR
ହ ଷହ
SRQWRTXHDUHWDs p‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬+
ଶ ସ
28.
തതതത = ඥ(3 െ 0)ଶ + (1 െ 0)ଶ = ξ9 + 1 = ξ10
a) 2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDp‫ܱܣ‬
2VHXFHQWURpDRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDp‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 10
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 10) െ (3, 1) = (െ3, 9), SHORTXHRVHXGHFOLYHp
8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDAC p‫ܥܣ‬
ଽ
= െ3 $VVLP D HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD AC p ‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 10 $ UHWDBC p VLPpWULFD GH
ିଷ
AC UHODWLYDPHQWH DR HL[R ܱ‫ ݕ‬ORJR D VXD HTXDomR UHGX]LGD p ‫ = ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 10 $ UHJLmR
VRPEUHDGDpHQWmRGHILQLGDSHODFRQGLomR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൒ 10 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 10 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 10
b) 8PDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDLQWHUQDp(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 18PDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
H[WHUQD p (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4 3DUD GHWHUPLQDU D HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD AB p QHFHVViULR
GHWHUPLQDUDVFRRUGHQDGDVGHBTXHpRSRQWRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDH[WHUQDFXMDDEFLVVDp
(3 െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ 1ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݕ ש‬െξ3
134
10
&RPRDRUGHQDGDGHB pSRVLWLYDWHP-VHTXH‫ܤ‬൫3, ξ3൯
ξଷ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫ = ܣ‬൫3, ξ3൯ െ (1, 0) = ൫2, ξ3൯ /RJR R GHFOLYH GD UHWD AB p
(QWmR ‫ܤܣ‬ H D VXD
ଶ
ξଷ
HTXDomRUHGX]LGDpGDIRUPD‫= ݕ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPRA SHUWHQFHDHVWDUHWDREWpP-VH
ଶ
ξଷ ξଷ
0= ×1+ܾ ֞ ܾ =െ
ଶ ଶ
ξଷ ξଷ
/RJR D HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD AB p ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ $VVLP XPD FRQGLomR TXH GHILQH R
ଶ ଶ
FRQMXQWRGHSRQWRVDVRPEUHDGRp
ξ3 ξ3
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൒ 1 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ݔ‬െ ‫ݕ ר‬൒0
2 2
c) 8PD HTXDomR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GD HVTXHUGD p (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1 8PD HTXDomR GD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GD GLUHLWD p (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1 $ UHWD GD HVTXHUGD SDVVD QRV SRQWRV GH
଴ାଷ ଷ
FRRUGHQDGDV(െ2, 0) H(0, െ3), ORJRRVHXGHFOLYHp =െ HDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp
ିଶି଴ ଶ
ଷ
‫=ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3. $UHWDGDGLUHLWDSDVVDQRVSRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV(2, 0) H(0, െ3), ORJRRVHX
ଶ
଴ାଷ ଷ ଷ
GHFOLYHp = HDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ3
ଶି଴ ଶ ଶ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDUHJLmRVRPEUHDGDp
ଷ ଷ
((‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0) ‫ ݔ(( ש‬െ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0) ‫ ש‬ቀ‫ ݕ‬൒ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0ቁ
ଶ ଶ
29. 2‫ܰܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ

ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2൫‫ܣܯ‬ ‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + 2‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܰܤ‬൯ = 2‫ܣܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + 2‫ܰܤ‬
‫ ܣܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
= ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܥܤ‬
= ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ൫‫ܣܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܦ‬
= ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
30.
a) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܥܣ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܯܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܯ‬+ ‫ܯܣ‬ ‫ = ܥܯ‬2‫ܯܣ‬ ‫ ܤܯ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬԦ
‫ = ܥܯ‬2‫ܯܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
0 = 2‫ܯܣ‬
b) ܲ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܲ‫ܯ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܲ‫ܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܯ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܲ‫ܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2ܲ‫ܯ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܯ‬
ሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + 0
= 2ܲ‫ܯ‬
= 2ܲ‫ܯ‬
31.
a) ‫ܤܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܯ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܯܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܯܩ‬+ ‫ܥܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2‫ܯܩ‬
ሬԦ = 2‫ܯܩ‬
b) ‫ܤܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܯܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܣܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܯ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܯܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܣܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2‫ܯܩ‬
ሬԦ + ‫ܣܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
= 2‫ ܯܩ‬+ ‫ܣܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܣܩ‬
= 2 × ‫ܩܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଶ
‫ ܩܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
= ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܣܩ‬
=0 ሬԦ
32. 2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pGDIRUPD‫ݔ‬RQGH‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO

2‫ ݔ‬+ 0 െ 12 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬6
135
10
$VVLPHVVHSRQWRpA2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDFRPRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬pGDIRUPD‫ݕ‬
RQGH‫ ݕ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
0 + 3‫ ݕ‬െ 12 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬4
$VVLP HVVH SRQWR p B (QWmR R FHQWUR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD p R SRQWR PpGLR GH >AB@
଺ା଴ ଴ାସ
ቀ , ቁ = (3, 2)
ଶ ଶ
2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDp
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
തതതത =
‫ܤܣ‬ ඥ(6 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 4)ଶ = ξ36 + 16 = ξ52 = × 2ξ13 = ξ13
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
/RJRXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHGLkPHWUR>AB@p (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 13
33. 2SRQWRP(െ݇ k pXPSRQWRJHQpULFRGDUHWD6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SHODVFRRUGHQDGDVGH

P QDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHREWpP-VH
(ହା௞)మ
(െ݇)ଶ + = 1 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + (5 + ݇)ଶ = 4 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + 25 + 10݇ + ݇ ଶ = 4
ସ
֞ 5݇ ଶ + 10݇ + 21 = 0
ିଵ଴±ξଵ଴଴ିସ×ହ×ଶଵ
֞݇= &RQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
ଵ଴
/RJRDUHWDpH[WHULRUjHOLSVH
ଷ ଵ
34. ‫ݎ‬: 4‫ = ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬െ
ସ ସ
ସ ଶ
‫ݏ‬: 4‫ ݔ‬െ 3‫ ݕ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬+
ଷ ଷ
ଷ ଵ ସ ଶ ଵଵ
,JXDODQGRDPEDVDVH[SUHVV}HV ‫ ݔ‬െ = ‫ݔ‬+ ֞ 9‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 16‫ ݔ‬+ 8 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ସ ସ ଷ ଷ ଻
ଷ ଵଵ ଵ ଵ଴
/RJR ‫= ݕ‬ × ቀെ ቁെ =െ 2EWpP-VHDVVLPRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDVGXDVUHWDV
ସ ଻ ସ ଻
ଵଵ ଵ଴
‫ܫ‬ ቀെ ଻
, െ ଻ ቁTXHpXPGRVYpUWLFHVGRWULkQJXOR
ଷ ଵ
6HMDA RSRQWRGDUHWDr FXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWRI pXQLGDGHV(QWmR‫ ܣ‬ቀ‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ, RQGH
ସ ସ
‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതത = 10 ֞ ටቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଵଵቁ + ቀଷ ‫ ݔ‬െ ଵ + ଵ଴ቁ = 10 ֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଵଵቁ + ቀଷ ‫ ݔ‬+ ଷଷቁ = 100
‫ܫܣ‬
଻ ସ ସ ଻ ଻ ସ ଶ଼
ଶ
ଵଵ ଶ ଷ ଵଵ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ + ൬ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ൰ = 100
଻ ସ ଻
ଵଵ ଶ ଽ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ ቀ1 + ቁ = 100
଻ ଵ଺
ଵଵ ଶ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ = 64
଻
ଵଵ ଵଵ
֞‫ݔ‬+ =8 ‫ݔ ש‬+ = െ8
଻ ଻
ସହ ଺଻
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫=ݔ ש‬െ
଻ ଻
136
10
ସହ ଷ ସହ ଵ ଷଶ ସହ ଷଶ
6H‫= ݔ‬ , HQWmR ‫= ݕ‬ × െ = ORJRA ቀ , ቁ
଻ ସ ଻ ସ ଻ ଻ ଻
଺଻ ଷ ଺଻ ଵ ହଶ ଺଻ ହଶ
3RURXWURODGRVH ‫ = ݔ‬െ HQWmR‫= ݕ‬ × ቀെ ቁ െ = െ. ORJRAԢ ቀെ ,െ ቁ
଻ ସ ଻ ସ ଻ ଻ ଻
6HMDB RSRQWRGDUHWDs FXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWRI pXQLGDGHV
ସ ଶ
(QWmR ‫ ܣ‬ቀ‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬+ ଷቁ RQGH‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
ଷ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതത = 10 ֞ ටቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଵଵቁ + ቀସ ‫ ݔ‬+ ଶ + ଵ଴ቁ = 10 ֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଵଵቁ + ቀସ ‫ ݔ‬+ ସସቁ
‫ܫܤ‬ = 100
଻ ଷ ଷ ଻ ଻ ଷ ଶଵ
ଶ
ଵଵ ଶ ସ ଵଵ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ + ൬ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ൰ = 100
଻ ଷ ଻
ଵଵ ଶ ଵ଺
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ ቀ1 + ቁ = 100
଻ ଽ
ଵଵ ଶ
֞ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ = 36
଻
ଵଵ ଵଵ
֞‫ݔ‬+ =6 ‫ݔ ש‬+ = െ6
଻ ଻
ଷଵ ହଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫=ݔ ש‬െ
଻ ଻
ଷଵ ସ ଷଵ ଶ ସ଺ ଷଵ ସ଺
6H‫= ݔ‬ HQWmR‫= ݕ‬ × + = ORJRBቀ , ቁ
଻ ଷ ଻ ଷ ଻ ଻ ଻
ହଷ ସ ହଷ ଶ ଺଺ ହଷ ଺଺
3RURXWURODGRVH‫ = ݔ‬െ
଻
, HQWmR ‫ × = ݕ‬ቀെ ଻ ቁ + =െ ORJRBԢ ቀെ
଻
, െ ଻ ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଻
$VVLPRVYpUWLFHVGRWULkQJXORVmRIA HB RXIA
HB
RXIA
HB RXIA HB

Unidade 3 – Geometria analítica no espaço

Páginas 238 a 256
61.
a) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRF VREUHDUHWDBC pRSRQWRB
b) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRF VREUHDUHWDBF pRSRQWRF
c) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRF VREUHRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬pRSRQWRA
d) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRF VREUHRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬pRSRQWRC
e) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRF VREUHRHL[Rܱ‫ ݖ‬pRSRQWRD
62.
a) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHV GRFXER>ABCDEFGH@VmRA B C
D EFGH
b) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRFXER>ABCDEFGH@VmRAെBC(െ
D(െെEF(െG(െെHെ
137
10
c) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRFXER>ABCDEFGH@VmRAെെBെC(െെ
D(െെെEF(െG(െെHെ
63.
a) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVUHVWDQWHVYpUWLFHVGRSDUDOHOHStSHGRVmRAെBC
DെEെF
b) $SURMHomRRUWRJRQDOGRSRQWRB VREUHRSODQR‫ ݕܱݔ‬pFVREUHRSODQR‫ ݖܱݔ‬pI HVREUHRSODQR
‫ ݖܱݕ‬pC
1RSODQR‫ݕܱݔ‬RSRQWRF WHPFRRUGHQDGDV
1RSODQR‫ݖܱݔ‬RSRQWRI WHPFRRUGHQDGDV
1RSODQR‫ݖܱݕ‬RSRQWRC WHPFRRUGHQDGDV
64.
a) 2SODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݖܱݕ‬TXHSDVVDQRSRQWRF p‫ ݔ‬
b) 2SODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݕܱݔ‬TXHSDVVDQRSRQWRB p‫ ݖ‬
c) 2SODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݖܱݔ‬TXHSDVVDQRSRQWRH p‫ = ݕ‬െ
d) 2SODQRSDUDOHORDRSODQRABC TXHSDVVDSHORSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDVp ‫ ݖ‬
e) 2SODQRTXHFRQWpPDIDFH>EFGH@p‫ ݖ‬
65.
a) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVUHVWDQWHVYpUWLFHVGRSULVPDVmRAെCെDെ
EFGH
b) i. 2SODQRTXHFRQWpPDIDFH>EFGH@p‫ ݖ‬
ii. 2SODQRBCG pGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݕ‬
iii. $UHWDAE pGHILQLGDSRU‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ ݕ‬
iv. $UHWDAB pGHILQLGDSRU‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݖ‬െ
c) i. ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ ݕ‬GHILQHDUHWDBF
ii. ‫ ݖ ݔ‬GHILQHDUHWDGH
iii. ‫ = ݕ‬3 ‫ = ݖ‬െGHILQHDUHWDBC
iv. ‫ ݕ ݔ‬GHILQHRHL[Rܱ‫ݖ‬
66.
ଶ
തതതത = ට(3 െ 3)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ + ൫െ6 െ (െ6)൯ = ξ0 + 9 + 0 = 3
a) ‫ܤܣ‬
b) തതതത
‫ = ܧܣ‬ඥ(3 െ 3)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ + (െ6 െ 4)ଶ = ξ0 + 0 + 100 = 10
ଶ
c) തതതത
‫ = ܥܣ‬ට(3 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ + ൫െ6 െ (െ6)൯ = ξ9 + 9 + 0 = ξ18 = 3ξ2
d) തതതത
‫ = ܨܣ‬ඥ(3 െ 3)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ + (െ6 െ 4)ଶ = ξ0 + 9 + 100 = ξ109
e) തതതത
‫ = ܩܣ‬ඥ(3 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ + (െ6 െ 4)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 + 100 = ξ118
67.
ଶ
a) ݀(‫ܣ‬, ‫ = )ܤ‬ට൫1 െ (െ3)൯ + (െ2 െ 1)ଶ + (4 െ 4)ଶ = ξ16 + 9 + 0 = ξ25 = 5
b) ݀(‫ܥ‬, ܱ) = ඥ(2 െ 0)ଶ + (െ1 െ 0)ଶ + (െ3 െ 0)ଶ = ξ4 + 1 + 9 = ξ14
138
10
c) ݀(‫ܦ‬, ‫ = )ܧ‬ඥ(1 െ 1)ଶ + (2 െ 2)ଶ + (3 െ 5)ଶ = ξ0 + 0 + 4 = 2
ଶ ଶ
d) ݀(‫ܨ‬, ‫ = )ܩ‬ට(2 െ 1)ଶ + ቀξ2 െ ൫ξ2 െ 3൯ቁ + ൫2 െ (െ1)൯ = ξ1 + 9 + 9 = ξ19
e) ݀(‫ܪ‬, ‫ = )ܫ‬ඥ(ܽ െ ܾ)ଶ + (ܾ െ ܽ)ଶ + (ܽ െ ܾ)ଶ = ඥ3(ܽ െ ܾ)ଶ = |ܽ െ ܾ|ξ3
ଶ
തതതത = ට(െ1 െ 0)ଶ + ൫2 െ ξ3൯ + (3 െ 1)ଶ = ඥ1 + 4 െ 4ξ3 + 3 + 4 = ඥ12 െ 4ξ3
68. ‫ܤܣ‬
ଶ
തതതത = ට൫0 െ (െ3)൯ଶ + ൫ξ3 െ 0൯ + (1 െ 4)ଶ = ξ9 + 3 + 9 = ξ21
‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = ට൫െ1 െ (െ3)൯ଶ + (2 െ 0)ଶ + (3 െ 4)ଶ = ξ4 + 4 + 1 = ξ9 = 3

‫ܥܣ‬
&RPR‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ് ‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത ് ‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത RWULkQJXOR>ABC@pXPWULkQJXORHVFDOHQR
69.
a) 3RUH[HPSORAHB
b) 3RUH[HPSORAHBെ
c) 3RUH[HPSORAHB
തതതത = ඥ(1 െ 0)ଶ + (2 െ ݇)ଶ + (െ5 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ1 + (2 െ ݇)ଶ + 64
70. ‫ܥܣ‬
= ඥ65 + (2 െ ݇)ଶ
തതതത = ඥ(െ1 െ 0)ଶ + (3 െ ݇)ଶ + (െ4 െ 3)ଶ = ඥ1 + (3 െ ݇)ଶ + 49
‫ܥܤ‬
= ඥ50 + (3 െ ݇)ଶ
&RPRVHSUHWHQGHTXHRSRQWRC VHMDHTXLGLVWDQWHGHA HGHB
‫ = ܥܣ‬തതതത
തതതത ‫ ֞ ܥܤ‬ඥ65 + (2 െ ݇)ଶ = ඥ50 + (3 െ ݇)ଶ ֞ 65 + (2 െ ݇)ଶ = 50 + (3 െ ݇)ଶ
֞ 65 + 4 െ 4݇ + ݇ ଶ = 50 + 9 െ 6݇ + ݇ ଶ
֞ 2݇ = െ10
֞ ݇ = െ5
71.
a) 6HQGRAHBDHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUp
(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 0)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݖ‬+ 16
֞ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 8‫ ݖ‬െ 24 = 0
֞ 3‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬+ 4‫ ݖ‬െ 12 = 0
b) 6HQGRAെHB(ξ3DHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUp
ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ = ൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ3൯ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 3 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 25

֞ 2ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 14‫ ݕ‬െ 24 = 0
c) 9HMDPRVVHSHUWHQFHDRSODQRGHILQLGRSRU3‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬+ 4‫ ݖ‬െ 12 = 0
3 × 0 െ 4 + 4 × 4 െ 12 = 0 ֞ 0 െ 4 + 16 െ 12 = 0 ֞ െ16 + 16 = 0 ֞ 0 = 0 TXH p XPD
SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD/RJRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHDRSODQRGHILQLGRQDDOtQHDD
9HMDPRVDJRUDVHSHUWHQFHDRSODQRGHILQLGRSRU2ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 14‫ ݕ‬െ 24 = 0
2ξ3 × 0 + 14 × 4 െ 24 = 0 ֞ 0 + 56 െ 24 = 0 ֞ 32 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD /RJR R
SRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHDRSODQRGHILQLGRQDDOtQHDE
139
10
72.
ଶ
a) ‫ = ݎ‬തതതത
‫ = ܣܥ‬ට൫1 െ (െ1)൯ + (2 െ 1)ଶ + (3 െ 4)ଶ = ξ4 + 1 + 1 = ξ6
തതതത = ඥ(3 െ 0)ଶ + (2 െ 0)ଶ + (1 െ 0)ଶ = ξ9 + 4 + 1 = ξ14

b) ‫ܱܥ = ݎ‬
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଷξଷ
c) ‫= ݎ‬ തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬ඥ(െ3 െ 2)ଶ + (5 െ 4)ଶ + (7 െ 6)ଶ = ξ25 + 1 + 1 = ξ27 =
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
73.
a) 8PDHTXDomRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHFHQWURCHUDLRξ6 p
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ = 6
b) 8PDHTXDomRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHFHQWURQDRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDOHGHUDLRξ14 p
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = 14
c) 2FHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHGLkPHWUR>AB@pRSRQWRPpGLRGHVWHVHJPHQWRGHUHWDRX
ିଷାଶ ହାସ ଻ା଺ ଵ ଽ ଵଷ
VHMDቀ , , ቁ = ቀെ , , ቁ$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFD
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଽ ଵଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ
GHFHQWUR ቀെ , , ቁ HUDLRଷξଶଷ p ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଵଶቁ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ଶଽቁ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ଵଷ
ଶ
ଶ଻
ቁ =
ସ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
74.
a) $VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDWHPFHQWUR െHUDLR ξ16 = 4
ଵ
b) $VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDWHPFHQWUR ቀെ , 0, ξ3ቁ HUDLR ξ8 = 2ξ2
ଷ
c) $VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDWHPFHQWURHUDLR ξ1 = 1

d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 5 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݖ‬+ 9 = െ5 + 1 + 4 + 9
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 3)ଶ = 9
A VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDWHPFHQWUR െHUDLR ξ9 = 3
e) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݖ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 12‫ ݖ‬+ 16 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 8 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 9 = െ8 + 4 + 9
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ = 5
$VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDWHPFHQWUR (െ HUDLR ξ5
75.
ଵାଵ ହିଶ ିଶିସ
a) 2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRPpGLRGH>PQ@RXVHMDቀ , , ቁ = ቀ1, ଷଶ , െ3ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ξହଷ
2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDp തതതതത
ܲܳ = ඥ(1 െ 1)ଶ + (5 + 2)ଶ + (െ2 + 4)ଶ = ξ0 + 49 + 4 = .
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଶ ହଷ ଷ ଶ ହଷ
b) i. (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 3)ଶ = ‫ = ݔ ר‬1 ֞ ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 3)ଶ = ‫=ݔ ר‬1
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ
ଷ ଶ ହଷ ଷ ଶ ହଷ
ii. (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 3)ଶ = ‫ = ݖ ר‬0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ + 9 = ‫=ݖ ר‬0
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ
ଷ ଶ ଵ଻
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ = ‫=ݖ ר‬0
ଶ ସ
140
10
76.
ଵ ଶ ଵ
a) $HVIHUDGHFHQWURQRSRQWR൫ߨ, 0, െξ5൯ HUDLR pGHILQLGDSRU (‫ ݔ‬െ ߨ)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ൫‫ ݖ‬+ ξ5൯ ൑
ଷ ଽ
b) $LQWHUVHomRGDHVIHUDGHFHQWURQDRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDOHGHUDLRF R P R S O D Q R ‫ ݖܱݔ‬p
G H I L Q L G D S R U ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൑ 1 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൑ 1 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0
c) $LQWHUVHomRGDHVIHUDGHILQLGDSRU‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 5 FRPRSODQR‫ = ݔ‬2 pGHILQLGD
SRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 5 ‫ = ݔ ר‬2 ֞ 4 + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 5 ‫ = ݔ ר‬2
֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 1 ‫ = ݔ ר‬2
d) $SDUWHGDHVIHUDGHFHQWURAHUDLRVLWXDGDQR° RFWDQWHpGHILQLGDSRU
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 100 ‫ < ݔ ר‬0 ‫ < ݕ ר‬0 ‫ > ݖ ר‬0
e) 2VSRQWRVGHFRWDQmRSRVLWLYDSHUWHQFHQWHVjHVIHUDGHFHQWURQDRULJHPHUDLRVmR
GHILQLGRVSRU ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൑ 49 ‫ ݖ ר‬൑ 0
Unidade 4 – Cálculo vetorial no espaço

Páginas 257 a 267
77.
a) 3RUH[HPSOR>AB@>BC@>CG@>GE@H>DF@
b) 3RUH[HPSOR>AO@H>BC@
c) 3RUH[HPSOR>AO@H>CB@
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ܥܨ‬
d) 3RUH[HPSOR‫ܨܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ܥܩ‬
e) 3RUH[HPSOR‫ܧܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
78.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܫ‬+ ‫ܭܫ‬
a) ‫ ܫ‬+ ‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܭ‬
ሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܨ‬+ ‫ܪܨ‬
b) ‫ ܨ‬+ ‫ܮܬ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
c) ‫ ܣ‬+ ‫ܩܪ‬ ‫ ܣ = ܮܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܤ = ܭܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܭ = ܭܤ‬
d) ܶூி ሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ (‫ ܪ = )ܪ‬+ ‫ ܪ = ܨܫ‬+ ‫ܥ = ܥܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܩܥ‬
e) ‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
f) ‫ܪܦ‬ ‫ = ܨܤ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܮܪ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܪܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܮܦ‬
g) ‫ܮܬ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܮܬ‬
ሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܦܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܪܬ‬
ሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܪܮ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
h) ‫ܪܫ‬ ‫ܪܫ = ܨܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܫܪ‬ 0
i) ‫ܥܤ‬ ‫ܪܧ = ܨܧ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܩܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܧ‬
j) ሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ൯ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ

‫ ܫܣ‬+ ൫െ‫ܭܧ‬ ‫ ܭܥ‬+ ‫ܧܭ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܧܥ‬
k) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ

‫ ܭܥ‬+ ൫െ‫ܪܦ‬ ‫ ܭܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܩܭ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܩܥ‬
‫ ܧܬ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
l) (‫ ܧ‬െ ‫ )ܬ‬+ (‫ ܦ‬െ ‫ = )ܣ‬ሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܧܬ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܦܣ‬ሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܪܧ‬ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܪܬ‬
141
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79.
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܫ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
a) ‫ ܫ‬+ 2‫ܨܬ‬ ‫ܣ = ܣܫ‬
ଵ
b) ‫ ܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܨ = ܭܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܬ = ܬܨ‬
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
c) ሬሬሬሬԦ +
‫ܭܫ‬ ሬሬሬԦ =
‫ܮܬ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܮܬ‬
൫‫ܭܫ‬ ሬሬሬԦ൯ = ሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܮܫ‬
× 2‫ܮܫ‬ ሬሬሬԦ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ܦܮ‬
d) 2‫ܧܫ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܫܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܣܫ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ = 0
ሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 3݁
80. ܱ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬԦଵ + 4݁ሬሬሬԦଶ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ; ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ܱ‫( ܤ‬3, 4, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܱ‫ = ܩ‬3݁ሬሬሬԦଵ + 4݁ሬሬሬԦଶ + 2݁ሬሬሬԦ; ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ܱ‫( ܩ‬3, 4, 2)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܨܧ‬3݁ሬሬሬԦଵ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦଶ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ; ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ‫( ܨܧ‬3, 0, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 0݁
‫ܦܧ‬ ሬሬሬԦଵ + 4݁ሬሬሬԦଶ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ; ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ‫( ܦܧ‬0, 4, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬԦଵ + 4݁ሬሬሬԦଶ + 0݁ሬሬሬԦ;

‫ = ܦܨ‬െ3݁ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଷ ‫( ܦܨ‬െ3, 4, 0)
ሬԦ(2, െ3, 5)
81. ‫ݑ‬ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(݇, 3, 1) ሬሬԦ(െ2, െ6, ‫݌‬ଶ െ 1)
‫ݓ‬
‫ݑ‬ ሬሬԦ ֞ (2, െ3, 5) = (݇, 3, 1) + (െ2, െ6, ‫݌‬ଶ െ 1) ֞ (2, െ3, 5) = (݇ െ 2, 3 െ 6, 1 + ‫݌‬ଶ െ 1)
ሬԦ = ‫ݒ‬Ԧ + ‫ݓ‬
֞ (2, െ3, 5) = (݇ െ 2, െ3, ‫݌‬ଶ )
֞ ݇ െ 2 = 2 ‫ ר‬െ3 = െ3 ‫݌ ר‬ଶ = 5
֞ ݇ = 4 ‫ = ݌ ר‬±ξ5
/RJR݇ = 4 H‫ = ݌‬ξ5 RX݇ = 4 H‫ = ݌‬െξ5
82. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(2, െ3, 4) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(െ1, 0, 3) AെB
a) ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ + 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ = (2, െ3, 4) + 2(െ1, 0, 3) = (2, െ3, 4) + (െ2, 0, 6) = (0, െ3, 10)
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ
‫ ܤܣ‬െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫ ܣ‬െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = (0, 2, 0) െ (1, 2, െ3) െ = (െ1, 0, 3) + ቀ , 0, െ1ቁ = ቀെ , 0, 2ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ሬԦ + 4(2‫ݒ‬Ԧ) = െ(2, െ3, 4) + 4൫2(െ1, 0, 3)൯ = (െ2, 3, െ4) + 4(െ2, 0, 6) = (െ2, 3, െ4) + (െ8, 0, 24)
c) – ‫ݑ‬
= (െ10, 3, 20)
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ
d) ‫ ܣ‬+ ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (1, 2, െ3) + (2, െ3, 4) = (1, 2, െ3) + ቀ1, െ , 2ቁ = ቀ2, , െ1ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
‫ ܣ = ܣܤ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬1, 2, െ3) െ (0, 2, 0) = (1, 0, െ3)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦSRU H[HPSOR
/RJRVmRYHWRUHVFROLQHDUHVFRP‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, 0, െ6)
2‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ2, 0, 6)
െ2‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (10, 0, െ30)
5‫ܣܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2‫ݓ‬
f) െ3‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 2‫ݓ‬
ሬԦ ֞ 3‫ܣܤ‬ ሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ ֞ 3(1, 0, െ3) = 2‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ + (2, െ3, 4)
֞ 2‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = (3, 0, െ9) െ (2, െ3, 4)
֞ 2‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = (1, 3, െ13)
ଵ
֞‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = (1, 3, െ13)
ଶ
ଵ ଷ ଵଷ
֞‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = ቀ , ,െ ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
83.
a) ܽԦ(1, െ3, 7) ܾሬԦ(2, െ6, 14)
8PDYH]TXHܾሬԦ = 2ܽԦHQWmRܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmRYHWRUHVFROLQHDUHV
142
10
ଵ
b) ܽԦ ቀ0, െ1, ቁ ܾሬԦ(0, 4, െ1)
ଶ
8PDYH]TXHܾሬԦ = െ4ܽԦHQWmRܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmR YHWRUHVFROLQHDUHV

c) ܽԦ(0, 0, 7) ܾሬԦ(0, 0, െ1)
8PDYH]TXHܽԦ = െ7ܾሬԦHQWmRܽԦ HܾሬԦ VmRYHWRUHVFROLQHDUHV
d) ܽԦ(1, 4, 0) ܾሬԦ(2, 8, 1)
ଵ ସ ଴
8PDYH]TXH = ് HQWmRܽԦ HܾሬԦ QmRVmRYHWRUHVFROLQHDUHV
ଶ ଼ ଵ
84. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ݒ‬ԦORJR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(݇, െ2݇, െ݇)SDUDDOJXPQ~PHURUHDOk QmRQXOR
7HQGRHPFRQWDTXH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ WHPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULRDRGH‫ݒ‬ԦHQWmRRYDORUGHk WHUiGHVHUQHJDWLYR
ሬԦԡ = 8 ֞ ඥ݇ ଶ + (െ2݇)ଶ + (െ݇)ଶ = 8 ֞ ݇ ଶ + (െ2݇)ଶ + (െ݇)ଶ = 64
ԡ‫ݑ‬
֞ ݇ ଶ + 4݇ ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 64
֞ 6݇ ଶ = 64
଺ସ
֞ ݇ଶ =
଺
଼ ଼
֞݇= ‫=݇ ש‬െ
ξ଺ ξ଺
ସξ଺ ସξ଺
֞݇= ‫=݇ ש‬െ
ଷ ଷ
ସξ଺ ଼ξ଺ ସξ଺
ሬԦ ቀെ
&RPRk WHP-VHTXH‫ݑ‬ , , ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
85.
a) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDr TXHWHPDGLUHomRGH‫ݒ‬Ԧ HTXHSDVVDHPA p
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬െ1, 3, 1) + ݇(0, 1, 2), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
b) $VHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDVmR
‫ = ݔ‬െ1
൝ ‫ = ݕ‬3 + ݇ ,݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬1 + 2݇
c) 2SRQWRെെSHUWHQFHjUHWDVHH[LVWLUXPk WDOTXH

(െ1, 1, െ3) = (െ1, 3, െ1) + ݇(0, 1, 2) ֞ (െ1, 1, െ3) = (െ1 ,3, െ1) + (0, ݇, 2݇)
֞ (െ1, 1, െ3) = (െ1, 3 + ݇, 1 + 2݇)
֞ െ1 = െ1 ‫ ר‬3 + ݇ = 1 ‫ ר‬1 + 2݇ = െ3
֞ ݇ = െ2 ‫ ר‬2݇ = െ4
֞ ݇ = െ2 ‫ = ݇ ר‬െ2
/RJR݇ = െ2RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHRSRQWRB SHUWHQFHjUHWDr
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10
d) ܲ(‫ݔ‬, 0, ‫)ݖ‬, ‫ݔ‬, ‫ א ݖ‬ԹXPDYH]TXHVHWUDWDGHXPSRQWRGRSODQR‫ݖܱݔ‬
$VVLP
(‫ݔ‬, 0, ‫( = )ݖ‬െ1, 3, 1) + ݇(0, 1, 2) ֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0, ‫( = )ݖ‬െ1, 3, 1) + (0, ݇, 2݇)
֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0, ‫( = )ݖ‬െ1, 3 + ݇, 1 + 2݇)
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ ר‬3 + ݇ = 0 ‫ ר‬1 + 2݇ = ‫ݖ‬
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݇ ר‬െ3 ‫ = ݖ ר‬1 െ 6
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݇ ר‬െ3 ‫ = ݖ ר‬െ5
/RJRP(െെ
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 268 a 276
1. P(െ1, 2, 3
a) 8PSODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݕܱݔ‬pGHILQLGRSRUXPDFRQGLomRGDIRUPD‫&ܽ = ݖ‬RPRDFRWDGHP p
HQWmRRSODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݕܱݔ‬HTXHSDVVDSHORSRQWRP pGHILQLGRSHODFRQGLomR‫ ݖ‬
Opção (C)
b) 8PSODQRSHUSHQGLFXODUDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVpGHILQLGRSRUXPDFRQGLomRGDIRUPD‫ܽ = ݕ‬
&RPRDRUGHQDGDGHP pHQWmRRSODQRSHUSHQGLFXODUDRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVHTXHSDVVD
SHORSRQWRP pGHILQLGRSHODFRQGLomR ‫ ݕ‬
Opção (B)
2. A(െ2, 3, 1Bെ

ିଶାଶ ଷିହ ଵା଴
2FHQWURGDHVIHUDpRSRQWRPpGLRGRVHJPHQWRGHUHWD>AB@ቀ , , ቁ = ቀ0, െ1, ଵଶቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
2UDLRGDHVIHUDp
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଽ
തതതത
‫= ܤܣ‬ ඥ(െ2 െ 2)ଶ + (3 + 5)ଶ + (1 െ 0)ଶ = ξ16 + 64 + 1 = ξ81 =
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଶ ଼ଵ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDHVIHUDGHGLkPHWUR>AB@p‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ ൑
ଶ
.
ସ
Opção (C)
3. EHCORJR

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(0,1,1) െ (1,0,0)ԡ = ԡ(െ1,1,1)ԡ = ඥ(െ1)ଶ + 1ଶ + 1ଶ = ξ1 + 1 + 1 + ξ3 ് ξ2
ฮ‫ܥܧ‬
ଵ
‫ܦ‬+ pRSRQWRPpGLRGH>DC@HQmRGH>AB@
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ܦܤ‬
2VYHWRUHV‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ QmRVmRFROLQHDUHVSRUTXHQmRWrPDPHVPDGLUHomR
‫ ܧܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫( = ܩܨ‬0, 0, െ1) + (െ1, 0, 0) = (െ1, 0, െ1)
Opção (D)
4. $DILUPDomRIDOVDpD&XPDYH]TXHRSODQRGHHTXDomR‫ = ݖ‬െ1 pSDUDOHORDRSODQR‫ ݕܱݔ‬H

QmRDRSODQR‫ݖܱݕ‬
Opção (C)
144
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5. &RPRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHDRHL[Rܱ‫ݖ‬HQWmR
‫݌‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ‫݌ ר‬ଶ െ ‫ = ݌‬0 ֞ (‫ = ݌‬1 ‫ = ݌ ש‬െ1) ‫ = ݌( ר‬1 ‫ = ݌ ש‬0) ֞ ‫ = ݌‬1 ‫ = ݌( ש‬െ1 ‫ = ݌ ר‬0)
/RJR‫ = ݌‬1
Opção (B)
ଵ
6. ‫ ܣ‬ቀ3, 2, ቁ ‫ܥ‬െ ݇
ଶ
ଶ ଶ
തതതത = 10 ֞ ට(3 െ 3)ଶ + (2 + 4)ଶ + ቀଵ െ 2݇ቁ = 10 ֞ 0 + 36 + ቀଵ െ 2݇ቁ = 100
‫ܥܣ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଶ
֞ ቀ െ 2݇ቁ = 64
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
֞ െ2݇ = 8 ‫ש‬ െ2݇ = െ8
ଶ ଶ
ଵହ ଵ଻
֞݇=െ ‫=݇ ש‬
ସ ସ
Opção (B)
7. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݕ‬െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 6 ൑ 0

֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 9 ൑ െ6 + 1 + 4 + 9
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ 8
$VVLPDHVIHUDWHPFHQWURെHUDLRξ8
Opção (D)
8. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(4, െ3, 1) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(2, െ6, 8)
ሬԦԡ = ඥ4ଶ + (െ3)ଶ + 1ଶ = ξ16 + 9 + 1 = ξ26
ԡ‫ݑ‬
ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = ඥ2ଶ + (െ6)ଶ + 8ଶ = ξ4 + 36 + 64 = ξ104 = 2ξ26

ଵ
/RJRԡ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦԡ = ଶ ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ HSRUWDQWRDDILUPDomR,pYHUGDGHLUD
ସ ିଷ ଵ
് ് ORJRRVYHWRUHV‫ݑ‬ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ QmR VmRFROLQHDUHVHDDILUPDomR,,pIDOVD
ଶ ି଺ ଼
Opção (C)
‫=ݔ‬4
9. (‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬4, 5, 6) + ݇(0, 0, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ ֞ ൝ ‫ = ݕ‬5 , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݕ ר‬5
‫= ݖ‬6+݇
Opção (A)
10. 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDr pെTXHQmRpFROLQHDUFRPSHORTXHHVWHQmRp

XPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDr
3DUDTXHRSRQWRSHUWHQoDjUHWDr WHPGHH[LVWLUXP݇ WDOTXH
1 = െ5 + 3݇ 3݇ = 6 ݇=2
൝ 3=1+݇ ֞൝ ݇ =2 ֞൝ ݇ =2
10 = 2 െ 4݇ 4݇ = െ8 ݇ = െ2
/RJRRSRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWD
2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRHL[RGDVFRWDVVHH[LVWLUpGDIRUPD‫ݖ‬RQGH‫ݖ‬
pXPQ~PHURUHDO
145
10
$VVLP
ହ
0 = െ5 + 3݇ ݇=
ଷ
൝ 0 = 1 + ݇ ֞ ቐ݇ = െ1
‫ = ݖ‬2 െ 4݇ െ
/RJRDUHWDQmRLQWHUVHWDRHL[RGDVFRWDV
2SRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRSODQR‫ݖܱݔ‬VHH[LVWLUpGDIRUPD‫ݖݔ‬RQGH‫ ݔ‬H‫ݖ‬
VmRQ~PHURVUHDLV$VVLP
‫ = ݔ‬െ5 + 3݇ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 + 3 × (െ1) ‫ = ݔ‬െ8
൝ 0=1+݇ ֞ ൝ ݇ = െ1 ֞൝ െ
‫ = ݖ‬2 െ 4݇ ‫ = ݖ‬2 െ 4 × (െ1) ‫=ݖ‬6
/RJRDUHWDLQWHUVHWDRSODQR‫ ݖܱݔ‬QRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDVെ
Opção (C)
11. AെB(െ

3DUDTXHRSRQWR3(1, ݇, ݇ ଶ ) SHUWHQoDDRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>AB@WHPGHVHWHU
തതതത
‫ = ܲܣ‬തതതത
‫ ֞ ܲܤ‬ඥ(1 െ 1)ଶ + (െ5 െ ݇)ଶ + (3 െ ݇ ଶ )ଶ = ඥ(െ2 െ 1)ଶ + (4 െ ݇)ଶ + (0 െ ݇ ଶ )ଶ
֞ 0 + 25 + 10݇ + ݇ ଶ + 9 െ 6݇ ଶ + ݇ ସ = 9 + 16 െ 8݇ + ݇ ଶ + ݇ ସ
֞ െ6݇ ଶ + 18݇ + 9 = 0
֞ 2݇ ଶ െ 6݇ െ 3 = 0
଺±ξଷ଺ାଶସ
֞݇=
ସ
଺±ଶξଵହ
֞݇=
ସ
ଷିξଵହ ଷାξଵହ
֞݇= ‫=݇ ש‬
ଶ ଶ
Opção (A)
12. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = 25 ‫ = ݖ ר‬3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 3ଶ = 25 ‫ = ݖ ר‬3 ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 16 ‫ = ݖ ר‬3
$VVLPREWpP-VHXPDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHUDLRξ16 SHORTXHRVHXSHUtPHWURpS
Opção (B)
13. 6HDHVIHUDpWDQJHQWHD‫ = ݕ‬4 HD‫ = ݕ‬െ2HQWmRRVHXGLkPHWURpHRVHXUDLRp $OpP

GLVVRDRUGHQDGDGRVHXFHQWURpെ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQDDHVIHUDpGDIRUPD(‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ ܿ)ଶ ൑ 9RQGH
DVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVHXFHQWURVmRܽܿ
Opção (B)
14.
a) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRFXERVmR ABCDE
FG(4H
b) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRSDUDOHOHStSHGRUHWkQJXORVmR ABCെ
DെE(െF(െG(െെH(െെ
146
10
തതതത × തതതത
c) 2‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ = 12 ֞ ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ = 6 ֞ ‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത = 6 ֞ തതതത
‫ = ܤܣ‬6 ֞ 3‫ܤܣ‬ ‫ = ܤܣ‬2
തതതത × തതതത
‫ܣ‬୪ୟ୲ୣ୰ୟ୪ = 50 ֞ 2‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത × തതതത
‫ ܨܤ‬+ 2‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത + 2 × 3‫ܨܤ‬
‫ = ܩܥ‬50 ֞ 2 × 2‫ܨܤ‬ തതതത = 50
തതതത = 5 ֞ ‫ܨܤ‬
֞ 10‫ܨܤ‬ തതതത = 5
$VVLPDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRSDUDOHOHStSHGRUHWkQJXORVmRA(െ െB
CD െE െFGH െ
15.
a) ܸୱ×୪୧ୢ୭ = 252 ֞ ܸ୮୧୰୫୧ୢୣ + ܸୡ୳ୠ୭ = 252
ଵ ௔
֞ × ܽଶ × +ܽଷ = 252
ଷ ଶ
଻
֞ ܽଷ = 252
଺
֞ ܽଷ = 216
֞ ܽ = 6VHQGRܽ DPHGLGDGDDUHVWDGRFXER
$VVLPDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRVyOLGRVmRMNOP
QRSTUV
b) i. 2SODQRTXHFRQWpPDIDFH>PQTU@pGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݕ‬
ii. $UHWDRU pGHILQLGDSRU‫ ݖ ݔ‬
iii. 2SODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݕܱݔ‬TXHSDVVDSHORSRQWRV pGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݖ‬
iv. 2SODQRPHGLDGRUGH>UT@pGHILQLGRSRU‫ ݔ‬
v. $VXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHFHQWURHPV HTXHSDVVDSRUM pGHILQLGDSRU
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 9)ଶ = 9
16.
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
a) ‫ ܧ‬+ ‫ܩܪ‬ ‫ܨ = ܨܧ‬
ଵ
b) ‫ ܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܪܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܫ = ܫܤ‬
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܫ‬+ ‫ܥܫ‬
c) ‫ ܫ‬െ ‫ܨܬ‬
ଵ ଵ
‫ ܨܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
d) ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܣ = ܩܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܭ = ܥܤ‬
ଶ ଶ
e) ‫ܤܧ‬ ‫ܤܧ = ܪܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܧܤ‬ 0
f) 2‫ܬܩ‬ ‫ = ܧܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܨܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܩ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܨܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ܥܣ‬
g) ‫ܩܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܧܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܧܣ‬
‫ ܫܭ‬െ ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܭܪ‬+ ሬሬሬሬԦ
h) ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܫܪ = ܬܩ‬ ‫ = ܨܫ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܨܪ‬
17. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(2, 0, െ4) ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(െ1, 2, 3)
ሬԦ െ 3‫ݒ‬Ԧ = 2(2, 0, െ4) െ 3(െ1, 2, 3)
a) 2‫ݑ‬
= (4, 0, െ8) + (3, െ6, െ9)
= (7, െ6, െ17)
ଵ ଵ
b) ‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ =
ሬԦ + ‫ܤܣ‬ (2, 0, െ4) + ൫(0, 2, 5) െ (െ1, െ2, 3)൯
ସ ସ
ଵ
= ቀ , 0, െ1ቁ +(1, 4, 2)
ଶ
ଷ
= ቀ , 4, 1ቁ
ଶ
147
10
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ‫ݑ‬
c) 2‫ܣܤ‬ ሬԦ + 4‫ݒ‬Ԧ = 2൫(െ1, െ2, 3) െ (0, 2, 5)൯ െ (2, 0, െ4) + 4(െ1, 2, 3)
= 2(െ1, െ4, െ2) െ (2, 0, െ4) + (െ4, 8, 12)
= (െ2, െ8, െ4) െ (2, 0, െ4) + (െ4, 8, 12)
= (െ4, െ8, 0) + (െ4, 8, 12)
= (െ8, 0, 12)
d) ‫ ܣ‬െ ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = (െ1, െ2, 3) െ (െ1, 2, 3) = (0, െ4, 0)
ଵ ଵ
e) ‫ ܤ‬+ ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (0, 2, 5) + (2, 0, െ4) = (0, 2, 5) + (1, 0, െ2) = (1, 2, 3)
ଶ ଶ
f) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܤܣ‬5‫ݓ‬ሬሬԦ െ ‫ݑ‬ ሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬԦ + 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ ֞ 5‫ݓ‬ ‫ ܤܣ‬+ ‫ݑ‬ ሬԦ െ 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ
ଵ
֞‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬
൫‫ܤܣ‬ ሬԦ െ 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ൯
ହ
ଵ
֞‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = ൫(0, 2, 5) െ (െ1, െ2, 3) + (2, 0, െ4) െ 2(െ1, 2, 3)൯
ହ
ଵ
֞‫ݓ‬
ሬሬԦ = ൫(1, 4, 2) + (2, 0, െ4) + (2, െ4, െ6)൯
ହ
ଵ
ሬሬԦ =
֞‫ݓ‬ (5, 0, െ8)
ହ
଼
ሬሬԦ = ቀ1, 0, െ ቁ
֞‫ݓ‬
ହ
18.
a) (i) ‫ܣ‬H‫ܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (0, 2, 2) െ (2, 0, 0) = (െ2, 2, 2)
$VVLP‫ܩܣ‬
/RJRXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHFRQWpPDGLDJRQDOHVSDFLDO>AG@p
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬2, 0, 0) + ݇(െ2, 2, 2), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
(ii) 6HXPDUHWDpSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVHQWmRXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUp/RJR
XPD HTXDomR YHWRULDO GD UHWD TXH SDVVD QR SRQWR B H p SDUDOHOD DR HL[R GDV
DEFLVVDVp(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬2, 2, 0) + ݇(1, 0, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
(iii) $UHWDAE pSDUDOHODDRHL[Rܱ‫ݖ‬ORJRXP VHXYHWRUGLUHWRUp
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDAE p(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬2, 0, 0) + ݇(0, 0, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ.
(iv) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDDUHVWD>AE@p(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬2, 0, 0) + ݇(0, 0, 1), ݇ ‫[ א‬0, 1].
b) (i) ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܧܤ‬2, 0, 2) െ (2, 2, 0) = (0, െ2, 2)
8PVLVWHPDGHHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGHUHWDTXHSDVVDQRSRQWRG HWHPDGLUHomRGR
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ p
YHWRU‫ܧܤ‬
‫=ݔ‬0
൝‫ = ݕ‬2 െ 2݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬2 + 2݇
(ii) 2SRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@WHPFRRUGHQDGDV(2, 1, 0)XPDYH]TXHAHB
$VVLPXPVLVWHPDGHHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDTXHSDVVDQRSRQWRPpGLRGH>AB]
ሬԦ(െ1, െ2, 5p
HWHPDGLUHomRGH‫ݑ‬
‫= ݔ‬2െ݇
൝‫ = ݕ‬1 െ 2݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬5݇
148
10
ሬԦ(െ2, െ1, 4)
19. AെH‫ݑ‬
a) 8PDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDr p
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬1, െ2, 3) + ݇(െ2, െ1, 4), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
8PVLVWHPDGHHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDr p
‫ = ݔ‬1 െ 2݇
൝‫ = ݕ‬െ2 െ ݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬3 + 4݇
b) 3DUDTXHRSRQWRെSHUWHQoDjUHWDrWHPGHH[LVWLUXP݇ WDOTXH
ଵ
0 = 1 െ 2݇ ݇=
ଶ
൝െ1 = െ2 െ ݇ ֞ ൞݇ = െ1
ଵ
5 = 3 + 4݇ ݇=
ଶ
/RJRRSRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWDr
ଷ
c) 3DUDTXHRSRQWRቀ2‫݌‬, െ , ‫݌‬ቁ SHUWHQoDjUHWDr
ଶ
ଵ
2‫ = ݌‬1 െ 2݇‫ۓ‬2‫ = ݌‬1 െ 2 × ቀെ ଶቁ ‫=݌‬1
ଷ ۖ ଵ ଵ
ቐെ ଶ = െ2 െ ݇ ֞ ݇=െ
ଶ
֞ ቐ݇ = െ ଶ
‫۔‬
‫ = ݌‬3 + 4݇ ۖ ‫ = ݌‬3 + 4 × ቀെ ଵቁ ‫=݌‬1
‫ە‬ ଶ
/RJR‫ ݌‬
20.
a) തതതത
‫ ܦܣ‬ଶ = തതതത
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + തതതത
ܱ‫ ܦ‬ଶ ֞ തതതത
‫ ܦܣ‬ଶ = 2ଶ + 2ଶ ֞ തതതത
‫ ܦܣ‬ଶ = 8
തതതത = ξ8
ฺ ‫ܦܣ‬
֞ തതതത
‫ = ܦܣ‬2ξ2FRPRVHTXHULDGHPRQVWUDU
b) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRFXERVmRABCDE2ξ2
F 2ξ2G 2ξ2H 2ξ2
21.
ଵ
a) ܸୡ୭୬ୣ = 32ߨ ֞ തതതതଶ × 6 = 32ߨ ֞ തതതത
× ߨ‫ܱܣ‬ ‫ܱܣ‬ଶ = 16 ฺ തതതത
‫ = ܱܣ‬4
ଷ
/RJR‫(ܣ‬െ
b) ‫ܤ‬H‫ܥ‬
തതതത = ඥ(െ4 െ 0)ଶ െ (0 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 6)ଶ = ξ16 + 0 + 36 = ξ52
‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത = ඥ(4 െ 0)ଶ െ (0 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 6)ଶ = ξ16 + 0 + 36 = ξ52
‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = 8
‫ܤܣ‬
/RJRRWULkQJXOR>ABC@pLVyVFHOHV
c) &RPRP SHUWHQFHDRHL[Rܱ‫ݖ‬HQWmRP pGDIRUPD‫ݖ‬
3DUDTXHRWULkQJXOR>ABP@VHMDHTXLOiWHUR
തതതത ֞ ට൫0 െ (െ4)൯ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 0)ଶ = 8 ֞ 16 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = 64

തതതത = ‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܲܣ‬
֞ ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = 48
֞ ‫ = ݖ‬ξ48 ‫ = ݖ ש‬െξ48
֞ ‫ = ݖ‬4ξ3 ‫ = ݖ ש‬െ4ξ3
/RJRP 4ξ3RXPെ4ξ3
149
10
22. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 2, െ1) െ (1, 2, 3) = (െ1, 0, െ4)
ଵ ଵ
‫ ܥ = ܥܤ‬െ ‫ = ܤ‬ቀ , 0, 2ቁ െ(0, 2, െ1) = ቀ , െ2, 3ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ିଵ ଴ ିସ
2UD భ ് ିଶ ് ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ܥܤ‬
ORJR‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ QmRVmRFROLQHDUHVHSRUWDQWRRVSRQWRV‫ ܤܣ‬H‫ ܥ‬QmR
ଷ
మ
SHUWHQFHPWRGRVDXPDPHVPDUHWD
23.
a) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRSROLHGURVmROABCD
EFGH(1Iെ
b) $DILUPDomRpIDOVD2SRQWRI SHUWHQFHDRRLWDYRRFWDQWHHQmRDRTXDUWRXPD YH]TXHDV
VXDV FRRUGHQDGDV VmR െ RX VHMD WHP DEFLVVD SRVLWLYD RUGHQDGD SRVLWLYD H FRWD
QHJDWLYDWDOFRPRTXDOTXHURXWURSRQWRQRRLWDYRRFWDQWH
c) (i) 2SODQRTXHFRQWpPDIDFH>ABDE@pGHILQLGRSRU‫ = ݔ‬2
(ii) $UHWDHI pGHILQLGDSRU‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݕ‬1
(iii) 2SODQRSDUDOHORD‫ ݕܱݔ‬TXHSDVVDSHORSRQWRI pGHILQLGRSRU‫ = ݖ‬െ2
(iv) 8PD UHWD SHUSHQGLFXODU DR HL[R ܱ‫ ݖ‬H TXH SDVVD SHOR SRQWR F p GHILQLGD SRU SRU
H[HPSOR‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݖ‬2
(v) $HVIHUDWDQJHQWHDWRGDVDVIDFHVGRFXERWHPFHQWURHRVHXUDLRpORJRp
GHILQLGDSRU(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 1)ଶ ൑ 1
d) (i) ‫ܣܫ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܣܫ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܨܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܦܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܫ‬
ሬሬሬሬԦ
(ii) ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫ܧܦ‬ ‫ ܥ = ܩܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܱܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܱ‫ ܱ = ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܧܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܱ‫ܣ = ܣ‬ORJR‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܥ = ܩܦ‬.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܦܣ‬
(iii) ฮܱ‫ܩ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = 4
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܨܤ‬
(iv) ฮ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ξ2ଶ + 2ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ12 = 2ξ3
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ฮ‫ܨܣ‬
e) (i) &RPRDHEXPDHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>DE@p‫ = ݕ‬1

(ii) (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݖ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݖ‬+ 16
֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 4‫ ݖ‬െ 6 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬െ 2‫ ݖ‬+ 3 = 0 TXHpXPDHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>EH@
f) 2UDLRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHFHQWUR I HTXHSDVVDQRSRQWRE p
തതത = ට(2 െ 1)ଶ + (2 െ 1)ଶ + ൫2 െ (െ2)൯ଶ = ξ1 + 1 + 16 = ξ18 = 3ξ2

‫ܧܫ‬
/RJRXPDHTXDomRGHVWDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ = 18

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܨ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 2, 2) െ (2, 0, 0) = (െ2, 2, 2)
g) ‫ܨܣ‬
/RJRFRPR‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ HQWmRpGDIRUPD(െ2݇, 2݇, 2݇)
ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ܨܣ‬
ሬԦԡ = 12 ֞ ඥ(െ2݇)ଶ + (2݇)ଶ + (2݇)ଶ = 12 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + 4݇ ଶ + 4݇ ଶ = 144
ԡ‫ݑ‬
֞ 12݇ ଶ = 144
֞ ݇ ଶ = 12
֞ ݇ = ξ12 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െξ12
֞ ݇ = 2ξ3 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െ2ξ3
ሬԦ WHPRPHVPRVHQWLGRGH‫ܨܣ‬
&RPR‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ HQWmR݇ !ORJR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ൫െ4ξ3, 4ξ3, 4ξ3൯
150
10
ଵ ଷ
24. A ቀ3, 2, ቁ B ቀ2, െ1, ቁ
ଶ ଶ
a) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRHVSDoRFXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWRA pLQIHULRURXLJXDODpDHVIHUDGH
FHQWURA HUDLRTXHSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRU
ଵ ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ ൑ 9
ଶ
b) 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRHVSDoRTXHVmRHTXLGLVWDQWHVGHA HGHB pRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH

>AB@
ଵ ଶ ଷ ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଽ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݖ‬+ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݖ‬+
ସ ସ
֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 2‫ ݖ‬+ 6 = 0
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 6‫ ݕ‬െ 2‫ ݖ‬െ 6 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݖ‬െ 3 = 0, TXHpXPDHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>AB@
c) 2FHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHGLkPHWUR>AB@pRSRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@FXMDVFRRUGHQDGDV
భ య
ଷାଶ ଶିଵ మାమ
VmR ቆ , , ቇ = ቀହଶ , ଵଶ , 1ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ξଵଵ
2VHXUDLRp തതതത =
‫ܤܣ‬ ට(3 െ 2)ଶ + (2 + 1)ଶ + ቀଵ െ ଷቁ = ξ1 + 9 + 1 =
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGHVWDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp
ହ ଶ ଵ ଶ ଵଵ
ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 1)ଶ =
ଶ ଶ ସ
25.
a) (‫ ݔ‬െ 6)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 8 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 6)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 7 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3 TXH GHILQH D FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GH FHQWUR െ H UDLR ξ7
FRQWLGDQRSODQRGHHTXDomR y = 3
b) (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 1)ଶ ൑ 16 ‫ = ݔ ר‬െ1
֞ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 1)ଶ ൑ 16 ‫ = ݔ ר‬െ1 TXH GHILQH R FtUFXOR GH FHQWUR െ H UDLR FRQWLGR QR
SODQRGHHTXDomR x 1
ଶ ଶ ଶ
c) ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬+ ‫ ݖ‬൑ 5 ‫ = ݔ ר‬0 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0
֞ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൑ 5 ‫ = ݔ ר‬0 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0
֞ െξ5 ൑ ‫ ݖ‬൑ ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ר‬0 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0 TXH GHILQH R VHJPHQWR GH UHWD GH H[WUHPRV ൫0, 0, െξ5൯ H
൫0, 0, ξ5൯
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 12 = 0 ‫ = ݖ ר‬2
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4 െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 12 = 0 ‫ = ݖ ר‬2
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = െ12 + 9 ‫ = ݖ ר‬2
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ = െ3TXHGHILQHRFRQMXQWRYD]LR
26.
a) $V FRRUGHQDGDV GRV UHVWDQWHV YpUWLFHV GR SULVPD VmR D െ E G(െ
Hെ
151
10
‫ ܥ = ܥܧ‬െ ‫( = ܧ‬െ3, 0, 0) െ (3, 0, 7) = (െ6, 0, െ7)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܤܩ‬െ ‫( = ܩ‬0, 3, 0) െ (െ3, 0, 7) = (3, 3, െ7)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܤܩ‬
‫ܥܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ6, 0, 7) + (3, 3, െ7) = (െ3, 3, െ14)
ฮ‫ܥܧ‬ ‫ܤܩ‬ฮ = ԡ(െ3, 3, െ14)ԡ = ඥ(െ3)ଶ + 3ଶ + (െ14)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 + 196 = ξ214
‫ ܦ = ܦܨ‬െ ‫( = ܨ‬0, െ3, 0) െ (0, 3, 7) = (0, െ6, െ7)
ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ܦܨ‬
&RPR‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦHQWmR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(0, െ6݇, െ7݇)
ሬԦԡ = 5 ֞ ඥ0ଶ + (െ6݇)ଶ + (െ7݇)ଶ = 5

ԡ‫ݑ‬
֞ 36݇ ଶ + 49݇ ଶ = 25
֞ 85݇ ଶ = 25
ଶହ
֞ ݇ଶ =
଼ହ
ହ ହ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ξ଼ହ ξ଼ହ
ξ଼ହ ξ଼ହ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ଵ଻ ଵ଻
଺ξ଼ହ ଻ξ଼ହ
&RPR‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦHQWmR݇ ORJR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ WHPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULRDRGH‫ܦܨ‬ ሬԦ ቀ0, , ଵ଻ ቁ
ଵ଻
଴ା଴ ଷାଷ ଴ା଻
d) 2SRQWRPpGLRGH>BF@p‫ܯ‬ ቀ , , ቁ = ቀ0, 3, ଻ଶቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 3, 0) െ (3, 0, 0) = (െ3, 3, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ p
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHSDVVDHPM HWHPDGLUHomRGH‫ܤܣ‬
7
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫ = )ݖ‬൬0, 3, ൰ + ݇(െ3, 3, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
2
e) 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGHTXDOTXHUUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVp/RJRDVHTXDo}HV
SDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDTXHSDVVDPHPF HVmRSDUDOHODVDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDVVmR
‫݇=ݔ‬
൝‫ = ݕ‬3 , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫=ݖ‬7
f) 2 FHQWUR GD VXSHUItFLH HVIpULFD TXH SDVVD HP WRGRV RV YpUWLFHV GR SULVPD p R FHQWUR GR
଻
SULVPDቀ0 ,0, ቁ2UDLRGHVWDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDpLJXDOjGLVWkQFLDHQWUHRFHQWURGRSULVPDH
ଶ
TXDOTXHUXPGRVVHXVYpUWLFHVSRUH[HPSORRYpUWLFHA
ଶ ଼ହ
ට(0 െ 3)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ + ቀ଻ െ 0ቁ = ට9 + 0 + ସଽ = ට
ଶ ଶ ସ
/RJR XPD FRQGLomR TXH GHILQH D VXSHUItFLH HVIpULFD TXH SDVVD HP WRGRV RV YpUWLFHV GR
଻ ଶ ଼ହ
SULVPDp ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ =
ଶ ସ
27.
‫ = ݔ‬െ2 + ݇
a) $VHTXDo}HVSDUDPpWULFDVGDUHWDr VmR൝ ‫ = ݕ‬1 + ݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬െ3݇
152
10
b) &RPRRSRQWRSHUWHQFHDRSODQR‫ݖܱݕ‬HQWmRpGD IRUPD ‫ݖݕ‬
0 = െ2 + ݇ ݇=2 ݇=2
3DUDTXHSHUWHQoDjUHWDr ൝ ‫ = ݕ‬1 + ݇ ֞ ൝ ‫ = ݕ‬1 + 2 ֞ ൝ ‫ = ݕ‬3
‫ = ݖ‬െ3݇ ‫ = ݖ‬െ3 × 2 ‫ = ݖ‬െ6
/RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWDr FRPRSODQR‫ ݖܱݕ‬pെ

c) ‫ ܣ = ܤ‬+ 2‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (െ2, 1, 0) + 2(1, 1, െ3) = (െ2, 1, 0) + (2, 2, െ6) = (0, 3, െ6)
2SRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@pRFHQWURGDHVIHUDHDVVXDVFRRUGHQDGDVVmR
ିଶା଴ ଵାଷ ଴ି଺
ቀ , , ቁ = (െ1,2, െ3)
ଶ ଶ ଶ
2UDLRGDHVIHUDp
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ
തതതത =
‫ܤܣ‬ ට(െ2 െ 0)ଶ + (1 െ 3)ଶ + ൫0 െ (െ6)൯ = ξ4 + 4 + 36 = ξ44 = ξ11
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDHVIHUDGHGLkPHWUR>AB@p(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 3)ଶ ൑ 11
28.
a) 8PDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDFRPFHQWURHPHTXHpWDQJHQWHDRSODQR
GHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬2 + ξ6RXVHMDTXHWHPUDLRξ6p (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 2)ଶ = 6&RPRA H
B VmRSRQWRVTXHWrPDVWUrVFRRUGHQDGDVLJXDLVHSHUWHQFHPjVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDHQWmR
(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 6 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = ξ2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 = െξ2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 + ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 െ ξ2
/RJR‫ܣ‬൫2 + ξ2, 2 + ξ2, 2 + ξ2൯, SRUTXHSHUWHQFHDRSULPHLURRFWDQWHH ‫ܤ‬൫2 െ ξ2, 2 െ ξ2, 2 െ ξ2൯
ଶାξଶାଶିξଶ ଶାξଶାଶିξଶ ଶାξଶାଶିξଶ
b) 2SRQWRPpGLRGH>AB@WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ , , ቁ = (2, 2, 2)
ଶ ଶ ଶ
(VWHSRQWRpRFHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDORJRDFRUGD>AB@pXPGLkPHWURGHVVDVXSHUItFLH
HVIpULFD
29.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬െ 8‫ = ݖ‬0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݖ‬+ 16 = 4 + 4 + 16
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ = 24
$VVLPRFHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDpHR UDLRpξ24 = 2ξ6
b) $VFRRUGHQDGDVGRVYpUWLFHVGRSULVPDVmRABCOD
EFG
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܨ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 4, 8) െ (4, 0, 0) = (െ4, 4, 8)
c) ‫ܨܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ HQWmR‫ݒ‬Ԧ(െ4݇, 4݇, 8݇)
&RPR‫ݒ‬Ԧ pFROLQHDUD‫ܨܣ‬
ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = 6 ֞ ඥ(െ4݇)ଶ + (4݇)ଶ + (8݇)ଶ = 6 ֞ 16݇ ଶ + 16݇ ଶ + 64݇ ଶ = 36
ଷ଺
֞ ݇ଶ =
ଽ଺
଺ ଺
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ξଽ଺ ξଽ଺
ξଽ଺ ξଽ଺
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ଵ଺ ଵ଺
ξ଺ ξ଺
֞݇= ‫ = ݇ש‬െ
ସ ସ
153
10
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ HQWmRk
&RPRDGLUHomRGH‫ݒ‬Ԧ pFRQWUiULDjGH‫ܨܣ‬
ξ଺ ξ଺ ξ଺
/RJR‫ݒ‬Ԧ ቆെ4 × ቀെ ቁ , 4 × ቀെ ቁ , 8 × ቀെ ቁቇ = ൫ξ6, െξ6, െ2ξ6൯(QWmR
ସ ସ ସ
െܽଶ ܾ + 4ܾܽ = ξ6
(െܽଶ ଶ
ܾ + 4ܾܽ, െ6ܾܽ, 6ܽ ܾ) = ൫ξ6, െξ6, െ2ξ6൯ ֞ ቐ െ6ܾܽ = െξ6
6ܽଶ ܾ = െ2ξ6
ଶ
‫ۓ‬െܽ ܾ + 4ܾܽ = ξ6
ۖ ξ଺
֞ ܾܽ =
଺
‫۔‬ ξ଺
ۖ ଶ
ܽ ܾ=െ
‫ە‬ ଷ
ξ଺ ξ଺
‫ۓ‬െ ቀെ ଷ
ቁ+4
଺
= ξ6
ۖ
ξ଺
֞ ܾܽ =
‫۔‬ ଺
ۖ ξ଺
‫ە‬ ܽ × ܾܽ = െ
ଷ
ξ଺ ଶξ଺
‫ ۓ‬ଷ + ଷ = ξ6
ۖ
ξ଺
֞ ܾܽ =
‫۔‬ ଺
ۖ ξ଺ ξ଺
‫ە‬ ܽ × = െ
଺ ଷ
ξ6 = ξ6
֞ ቐെ2ܾ = ξ଺
଺
ܽ = െ2
ξ6 = ξ6
֞ ቐ ܾ = െ ξ଺
ଵଶ
ܽ = െ2
30.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬11, െ10, 7) െ (13, െ4, 4) = (െ2, െ6, 3)
a) ‫ܥܤ‬
$VVLP‫ ܣ = ܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܥܤ‬10, െ6, െ2) + (െ2, െ6, 3) = (8, െ12, 1)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܧ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬22, െ12, െ6) െ (10, െ6, െ2) = (12, െ6, െ4)
‫ܧܣ‬
/RJR‫ ܤ = ܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܧܣ‬13, െ4, 4) + (12, െ6, െ4) = (25, െ10, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (11, െ10, 7) + (12, െ6, െ4) = (23, െ16, 3)
‫ ܥ = ܩ‬+ ‫ܧܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (8, െ12, 1) + (12, െ6, െ4) = (20, െ18, െ3)
‫ ܦ = ܪ‬+ ‫ܧܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(െ2, െ6, 3)ԡ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + (െ6)ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ4 + 36 + 9 = ξ49 = 7

b) ฮ‫ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(12, െ6, െ4)ԡ = ඥ12ଶ + (െ6)ଶ + (െ4)ଶ = ξ144 + 36 + 16 = ξ196 = 14
ฮ‫ܧܣ‬
/RJRܸ୮୰୧ୱ୫ୟ = 7 × 7 × 14 = 686 u. v.
c) 2 SRQWR PpGLR GH >AE@ p R FHQWUR GD VXSHUItFLH HVIpULFD H DV VXDV FRRUGHQDGDV VmR
ଵ଴ାଶଶ ି଺ିଵଶ ିଶି଺ ଵ ଵ
ቀ , , ቁ = (16, െ9, െ4). 2UDLRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp തതതത
‫= ܧܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = 7
ฮ‫ܧܣ‬
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomR TXHGHILQHDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDGHGLkPHWUR>AE@p
(‫ ݔ‬െ 16)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 9)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 4)ଶ = 49
154
10
d) DBF pRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>AC@
(‫ ݔ‬െ 10)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 6)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 11)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 10)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 7)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 20‫ ݔ‬+ 100 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݕ‬+ 36 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݖ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 22‫ ݔ‬+ 121 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 20‫ ݕ‬+ 100 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ
14‫ ݖ‬+ 49
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8‫ ݕ‬+ 18‫ ݖ‬െ 130 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 9‫ ݖ‬െ 65 = 0
ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ VHMDPFROLQHDUHV݇ ଶ െ 5݇ + 6 = 0$VVLP

31. 3DUDTXH‫ݑ‬
ହ±ξଶହିଶସ
݇ ଶ െ 5݇ + 6 = 0 ֞ ݇ = ֞݇=2 ‫=݇ ש‬3
ଶ
ସ ଶ
6H ݇ = 2 HQWmR ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(0, 4, 2) H ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(0, െ3, െ2) PDV ് ORJR RV YHWRUHV ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ H ‫ݒ‬Ԧ QmR VmR
ିଷ ିଶ
FROLQHDUHV 6H ݇ = 3 HQWmR ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(0, 9, 3) H ‫ݒ‬Ԧ(0, െ3, െ1) H XPD YH] TXH ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = െ3‫ݒ‬Ԧ HQWmR RV
YHWRUHV‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ H‫ݒ‬Ԧ VmRFROLQHDUHV/RJR ݇
32.
a) ‫ ܸ = ܨ‬+ ܸ‫ܧ‬ ‫( = ܨܧ‬1, 1, 10) + (1, െ1, െ3) + (0, 2, 0) = (2, 2, 7)
‫ ܸ = ܩ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܸ‫( = ܩ‬1, 1, 10) + (െ1, 1, െ3) = (0, 2, 7)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܪܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܸ‫ܩ‬
ܸ‫ܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܸ‫ܩ‬
‫ܩܸ = ܧܨ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܨܧ‬െ1, 1, െ3) െ (0, 2, 0) = (െ1, െ1, െ3)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(0, 2, 0)ԡ = 2
b) ฮ‫ܨܧ‬
஺[ಲಳ಴ವ]
/RJR‫[ܣ‬ாிீு] = 2 × 2 = 4 u. a.$VVLP = 9RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHDUD]mRGHVHPHOKDQoD
஺[ಶಷಸಹ]
HQWUH RV FRPSULPHQWRV GRV ODGRV GRV GRLV TXDGUDGRV p R PHVPR DFRQWHFHQGR FRP RV
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ p FROLQHDUFRPܸ‫ܨ‬
FRPSULPHQWRVGDVDUHVWDVGDVSLUkPLGHV[ܸ‫ ]ܦܥܤܣ‬H[ܸ‫&]ܪܩܨܧ‬RPRܸ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 3ܸ‫ܨ‬
WrPRPHVPRVHQWLGRHSHORTXHDFDEiPRVGHYHUDFLPDHQWmRܸ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
2UDܸ‫ܨ‬ ܸ‫ ܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (3, 3, െ9)
‫( = ܨܧ‬1, െ1, െ3) + (0, 2, 0) = (1, 1, െ3)ORJRܸ‫ܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 3ܸ‫ܪ‬
7DPEpPVHWHPHQWmRTXHܸ‫ܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = 3(െ1, െ1, െ3) = (െ3, െ3, െ9).
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (1, 1, 10) + (െ3, െ3, െ9) = (െ2, െ2, 1)
/RJR ‫ ܸ = ܦ‬+ ܸ‫ܦ‬
Desafios
Página 277
1.
a) 7UDWD-VHGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURHUDLRFRPHTXDomR (x 6) 2 y 2 62

b) (VWDVFLUFXQIHUrQFLDVWrPFHQWURQRVSRQWRV(
( HWrPWRGDVUDLR
$VHTXDo}HVVmR
C1 : (x 5) 2 y 2 62
C2 : (x 4) 2 y 2 62
C3 : (x 3) 2 y 2 62
C4 : (x 2) 2 y 2 62
155
10
C5 : (x 1) 2 y 2 62
C6 : x 2 y 2 62
C7 : (x 1) 2 y 2 62
C8 : (x 2) 2 y 2 62
C9 : (x 3) 2 y 2 62
C10 : (x 4) 2 y 2 62
C11 : (x 5) 2 y 2 62
c) 6LPVypVROXomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD C6
d) (PERUDQmRSDUHoDpRGDHVTXHUGD'HIDFWRGHDFRUGRFRPDDOtQHDDQWHULRURFHQWURGD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLDH[WHULRUSHUWHQFHDXPDGDVFLUFXQIHUrQFLDV7UDWD-VHGHXPDLOXVmRGHyWLFD
2.
a) $GLVWkQFLDpGDGDSRU
ඥ(ܽ െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 1)ଶ = ξܽଶ + 1

b) 'DGRTXHDVPRHGDVWrPUDLRDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHA HB pLJXDOjGLVWkQFLDFDOFXODGDQDDOtQHD
DQWHULRUPHQRVRXVHMD a 2 1 1
c) 'DGRTXH a pSRVLWLYRREWHPRV
ඥܽ ଶ + 1 െ 1 = 3 ֞ ඥܽ ଶ + 1 = 4
֞ ܽଶ + 1 = 16
֞ ܽଶ = 15
֞ ܽ = ξ15
֞ ܽ ൎ 3,86
156
10
Tema IV – Funções reais de variável real
Unidade 1 – Revisões
Páginas 6 a 9
1.
a) $ FRUUHVSRQGrQFLD݂ QmR p XPD IXQomR GH A HP B SRLV H[LVWH XP HOHPHQWR GR FRQMXQWR GH
SDUWLGDTXHWHP PDLVGRTXHXPHOHPHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHQRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDH
$ FRUUHVSRQGrQFLD݃ p XPD IXQomR GH A HP B SRLV D FDGD HOHPHQWR GR FRQMXQWR GH SDUWLGD
FRUUHVSRQGHXPHXPVyHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = {1, 2, 3, 4}
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD^`
‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = {10, 20, 30}
2. ‫ܦ‬௙ = {െ1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
‫ܦ‬௚ = {െ1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݂{െ3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݃{െ3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}
݃(െ1) = 3 × (െ1) = െ3 = ݂(െ1)
݃(0) = 3 × 0 = 0 = ݂(0)
݃(1) = 3 × 1 = 3 = ݂(1)
݃(2) = 3 × 2 = 6 = ݂(2)
݃(3) = 3 × 3 = 9 = ݂(3)
$VVLP DV IXQo}HV݂ H݃ WrP R PHVPR GRPtQLR WrP R PHVPR FRQMXQWR GH FKHJDGD H FDGD
HOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLRWHPDPHVPDLPDJHPSRU݂ HSRU݃/RJRDVIXQo}HV݂ H݃ VmRLJXDLV
3. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1

a) ݂(1) = 3 × 1ଶ + 1 = 3 × 1 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
b) ݂(0) = 3 × 0ଶ + 1 = 3 × 0 + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
ଶ
c) ݂൫ξ2൯ = 3 × ൫ξ2൯ + 1 = 3 × 2 + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ ସ
d) ݂ ቀെ ቁ = 3 × ቀെ ቁ +1 = 3 × +1 = +1 =
ଷ ଷ ଽ ଷ ଷ
e) ݂(2ܽ) = 3 × (2ܽ)ଶ ଶ
+ 1 = 3 × 4ܽ + 1 = 12ܽ + 1 ଶ
f) ݂(ܽ െ 1) = 3 × (ܽ െ 1)ଶ + 1 = 3 × (ܽଶ െ 2ܽ + 1) + 1 = 3ܽଶ െ 6ܽ + 3 + 1 = 3ܽଶ െ 6ܽ + 4
Unidade 2 – Generalidades acerca de funções

Páginas 10 a 29
4.
a) A u B = ൛(ߨ, 0), (ߨ, 1), ൫ξ2, 0൯, ൫ξ2, 1൯, (Ȱ, 0), (Ȱ, 1)ൟ
b) B u A = ൛(0, ߨ), ൫0, ξ2൯, (0, Ȱ), (1, ߨ), ൫1, ξ2൯, (1, Ȱ)ൟ
c) A u A = ൛(ߨ, ߨ), ൫ߨ, ξ2൯, (ߨ, Ȱ), ൫ξ2, ߨ൯, ൫ξ2, ξ2൯, ൫ξ2, Ȱ൯, (Ȱ, ߨ), ൫Ȱ, ξ2൯, (Ȱ, Ȱ)ൟ
d) B u B = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)}

5. 8PD YH] TXH‫ ܣ‬WHP HOHPHQWRV H‫ ܤ‬WHP HOHPHQWRV, VHMDP‫ܽ{ = ܣ‬, ܾ, ܿ} H‫݀{ = ܤ‬, ݁} &RPR
‫{ = ܤ ת ܣ‬20}HQWmR‫{ = ܣ‬20, ܾ, ܿ} H‫{ = ܤ‬20, ݁} 9LVWRTXH‫ܤ × ܣ א‬HQWmR‫{ = ܣ‬20, 40, ܿ} H
‫{ = ܤ‬20, 30} )LQDOPHQWHFRPR‫{ = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬10, 20, 30, 40}HQWmR‫{ = ܣ‬10, 20, 40}
6.
a) ‫= ܤ × ܣ‬
{(ܽ, 1), (ܽ, 2), (ܽ, 3), (݁, 1), (݁, 2), (݁, 3), (݅, 1), (݅, 2), (݅, 3), (‫݋‬, 1), (‫݋‬, 2), (‫݋‬, 3), (‫ݑ‬, 1), (‫ݑ‬, 2), (‫ݑ‬, 3)}
b) ‫ ܥ‬pRJUiILFRGHXPDIXQomRGH‫ ܣ‬HP‫ܤ‬XPDYH]TXHFDGDHOHPHQWRGH ‫ ܣ‬pRSULPHLURHOHPHQWR
GHXP~QLFRSDURUGHQDGRGH‫ܥ‬
‫ ܦ‬QmR p R JUiILFR GH XPD IXQomR GH‫ ܣ‬HP ‫ ܤ‬SRLV DGPLWH PDLV GR TXH XP SDU RUGHQDGR FXMR
SULPHLURHOHPHQWRpܽ
7.
a) ‫({ = ܤ × ܣ‬1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6)}
b) ‫({ = ܤ × ܣ‬5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4)}
c)
8.
a) ‫ ܣ‬u ‫({ = ܤ‬െ1, 4), (െ1, 5), (െ1, 6), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
b) ‫ ܥ‬pRJUiILFRGHXPDIXQomRGH‫ ܣ‬HP‫ܤ‬SRLVFDGDHOHPHQWRGH‫ ܣ‬pRSULPHLURHOHPHQWRGHXP
~QLFRSDURUGHQDGRGH‫ܥ‬
‫ ܦ‬QmRpRJUiILFRGHXPDIXQomRGH‫ ܣ‬HP‫ܤ‬SRLVDGPLWHPDLVGRTXHXPSDURUGHQDGRHPTXHR
SULPHLURHOHPHQWRpെ
c)
d) 3RUH[HPSOR^െ1, `
9.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = {1, 3, 5, 7} ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = {ܽ, ܿ, ݂, ݄}
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD{ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ݀, ݁, ݂, ݃, ݄}

b)
c) ‫{ = ܦ‬1, 7} ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = {݂, ݄}

&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD{ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ݀, ݁, ݂, ݃, ݄}
10.
a) ‫{ = ܥ‬െ3, െ1}
݂(െ3) = (െ3)ଶ = 9
݂(െ1) = (െ1)ଶ = 1
/RJR݂(‫{ = )ܥ‬1, 9}
b) ‫ = ܦ‬൛െ3, ξ3, 3ൟ
݂(െ3) = (െ3)ଶ = 9
ଶ
݂൫ξ3൯ = ൫ξ3൯ = 3
݂(3) = 3ଶ = 9
/RJR݂(‫{ = )ܦ‬3, 9}
c) ‫ = ܣ‬൛െ3, െ1, 1, ξ2, ξ3, 3, 4, 6ൟ
݂(െ3) = (െ3)ଶ = 9
݂(െ1) = (െ1)ଶ = 1
݂(1) = 1ଶ = 1
ଶ
݂൫ξ2൯ = ൫ξ2൯ = 2
ଶ
݂൫ξ3൯ = ൫ξ3൯ = 3
݂(3) = 3ଶ = 9
݂(4) = 4ଶ = 16
݂(6) = 6ଶ = 36
/RJR݂(‫{ = )ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 9, 16, 36}
11. A IXQomR݂ QmR p LQMHWLYD SRLV H[LVWHP HOHPHQWRV GLIHUHQWHV GR GRPtQLR TXH WrP D PHVPD
LPDJHPXPDYH]TXHKiLPHQVDVSHVVRDVQRPXQGRFRPDPHVPDLGDGHHPDQRV
$ IXQomR݃ QmR p LQMHWLYD SRLV H[LVWHP HOHPHQWRV GLIHUHQWHV GR GRPtQLR TXH WrP D PHVPD
LPDJHPXPDYH]TXHGRLVLUPmRVWrPDPHVPDPmH
$IXQomR݄ pLQMHWLYDSRLVDFDGDHOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLRFRUUHVSRQGHXPHXPVyHOHPHQWRGR
FRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDMiTXHFDGDSDtVWHPXPDHXPDVyFDSLWDO
$ IXQomR݅ QmR p LQMHWLYD SRLV H[LVWHP HOHPHQWRV GLIHUHQWHV GR GRPtQLR TXH WrP D PHVPD
LPDJHPXPDYH]TXHKiYiULRVSDtVHVFRPDPHVPDOtQJXDRILFLDO
12.
a) $IXQomR݂ QmRpLQMHWLYD SRLVSRUH[HPSORRVQ~PHURV HTXHID]HPSDUWHGRGRPtQLR,
WrPDPHVPDLPDJHP
݂(െ2) = 2 × (െ2)ଶ = 2 × 4 = 8
݂(2) = 2 × 2ଶ = 2 × 4 = 8
b) 3RUH[HPSOR݂|஼ : ‫ ܥ‬՜ ‫ܤ‬RQGH‫ = ܥ‬൛െ2, 1, ξ2, 3, 4ൟ

13.
a) ݂ p QmR LQMHWLYD Mi TXH DRV HOHPHQWRV H TXH ID]HP SDUWH GR GRPtQLR FRUUHVSRQGH D
PHVPDLPDJHP
b) ݃ pXPDIXQomRLQMHWLYDMiTXHDFDGDHOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLRFRUUHVSRQGHXPHXPVyHOHPHQWR
GLVWLQWRGRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD
c)
14. $ IXQomR݂ QmR p VREUHMHWLYD XPD YH] TXH R FRQMXQWR GH FKHJDGD A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} QmR
FRLQFLGH FRP R FRQWUDGRPtQLR‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = {1, 3, 4, 5} $ IXQomR݃ p VREUHMHWLYD XPD YH] TXH R VHX
FRQWUDGRPtQLRFRLQFLGHFRPRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = ‫ܣ‬
15. $ IXQomR݂ QmR p VREUHMHWLYD SRLV SDUD TXDOTXHU Q~PHUR UHDO‫ ݔ‬WHP-VH TXH‫ ݔ‬൒ 0. 3RUWDQWR
QHVWDIXQomR QmR Ki LPDJHQV LQIHULRUHV D 2X VHMD R FRQWUDGRPtQLR GH݂, Թା଴ QmR FRLQFLGH
FRPRVHXFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
16. $ IXQomR݃ p VREUHMHWLYD SRLV SDUD WRGR R Q~PHUR UHDO‫ ݕ‬H[LVWH XP Q~PHUR UHDO‫ ݔ‬WDO TXH
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 2
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 2 ֞ ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 2SRUWDQWRSDUDTXDOTXHU‫ א ݕ‬Թ, ‫ ݕ(݂ = ݕ‬െ 2)
17.
a) $IXQomRQmRpLQMHWLYDSRLVDRVHOHPHQWRVHGRGRPtQLRFRUUHVSRQGHDPHVPDLPDJHPb
$IXQomRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLVWRGRRHOHPHQWRGHB pLPDJHPGHXPHOHPHQWRGHA $IXQomRQmR
pELMHWLYDSRLVQmRpLQMHWLYD
b) $IXQomRpLQMHWLYDSRLVREMHWRVGLVWLQWRVWrPLPDJHQVGLVWLQWDV $IXQomRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLVWRGR
R HOHPHQWR GH B p LPDJHP GH XP HOHPHQWR GH A $ IXQomR p ELMHWLYD SRLV p LQMHWLYD H
VREUHMHWLYD
c) $IXQomRQmRpLQMHWLYDSRLVDRVHOHPHQWRVHGRGRPtQLRFRUUHVSRQGHDPHVPDLPDJHPb
$IXQomRQmRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLVRHOHPHQWRc GRFRQMXQWRB QmRpLPDJHPGHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWR
GRFRQMXQWRA $IXQomRQmRpELMHWLYDSRLVQmRpVREUHMHWLYD
d) $IXQomRpLQMHWLYDSRLVREMHWRVGLVWLQWRVWrPLPDJHQVGLVWLQWDV $IXQomRQmRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLV
RHOHPHQWRb GRFRQMXQWRB QmRpLPDJHPGHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRA A IXQomRQmRp
ELMHWLYDSRLVQmRpVREUHMHWLYD
18. $ IXQomR݂ p LQMHWLYD SRLV TXDLVTXHU TXH VHMDP RV Q~PHURV UHDLV‫ݔ‬ଵ H‫ݔ‬ଶ SHUWHQFHQWHV DR
GRPtQLRWHP-VHTXH݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) = ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ) ֜ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ XPDYH]TXH
݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) = ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ) ֜ 2‫ݔ‬ଵ െ 5 = 2‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 5 ֜ 2‫ݔ‬ଵ = 2‫ݔ‬ଶ ֜ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ
$ IXQomR݂ p VREUHMHWLYD SRLV SDUD WRGR R Q~PHUR UHDO‫ ݕ‬H[LVWH XP Q~PHUR UHDO‫ ݔ‬WDO TXH
‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 5
௬ାହ ௬ାହ
‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ֞ 2‫ ݕ = ݔ‬+ 5 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ SRUWDQWRSDUDTXDOTXHU‫ א ݕ‬Թ, ‫݂ = ݕ‬ ቀ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
&RPR݂ pVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHLQMHWLYDHVREUHMHWLYDWHP-VHTXH ݂ pXPDIXQomRELMHWLYD
19.
a) ݃൫݂(2)൯ = ݃(4) = 9
b) ݂൫݃(2)൯ = ݂(3) = 7
c) ݃൫݂(0)൯ = ݃(5) = 12
d) ݂൫݃(0)൯ QmRH[LVWHSRLVQmRSHUWHQFHDRGRPtQLRGH݃
e) ݂൫݃(5)൯ = ݂(12) QmRH[LVWHSRLVQmRSHUWHQFHDRGRPtQLRGH݂.
20.
a) i. ݃ ‫(݂ ל‬െ2) = ݃൫݂(െ2)൯ = ݃(2 × (െ2) + 3) = ݃(െ4 + 3) = ݃(െ1) = (െ1)ଶ = 1
ଵ ଶ
ii. ݂ ‫݃ ל‬൫ξ3൯ + ݃ ‫݂ ל‬ ቀଶቁ = ݂ ቀ݃൫ξ3൯ቁ + ݃ ൬݂ ቀଵଶቁ൰ = ݂ ቀ൫ξ3൯ ଵ
ቁ +݃ ቀ2 × + 3ቁ
ଶ
= ݂(3) + ݃(1 + 3)
= 2 × 3 + 3 + ݃(4)
= 6 + 3 + 4ଶ
= 9 + 16 = 25
b) ‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௚ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ר‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ‫ א‬Թ} = Թ
݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(2‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = (2‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ = 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݔ‬+ 9
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ‫ א‬Թ} = Թ
݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) = 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
c) $FRPSRVLomRGHIXQo}HVQmRpFRPXWDWLYDSRLVQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU ݃ ‫)ݔ(݃ ל ݂ ് )ݔ(݂ ל‬
21. ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ר‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ‫ א‬Թ} = Թ
݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = 4(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) െ 3 = െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 8 െ 3 = െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 5
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௚ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ר‬4‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ‫ א‬Թ} = Թ
݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(4‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = െ(4‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 2 = െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 + 2 = െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 5
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
&RPR DV IXQo}HV݂ ‫ ݃ ל‬H ݃ ‫ ݂ ל‬WrP R PHVPR GRPtQLR R PHVPR FRQMXQWR GH FKHJDGD H D
PHVPDH[SUHVVmRDQDOtWLFDHQWmRVmRLJXDLVHSRUWDQWRDVIXQo}HV݂ H݃ VmRSHUPXWiYHLV
22.
a) ݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = 4(െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) െ 1 = െ12‫ ݔ‬+ 8 െ 1 = െ12‫ ݔ‬+ 7
b) ݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(4‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = െ3(4‫ ݔ‬െ 1) + 2 = െ12‫ ݔ‬+ 3 + 2 = െ12‫ ݔ‬+ 5
c) ݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(4‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = 4(4‫ ݔ‬െ 1) െ 1 = 16‫ ݔ‬െ 4 െ 1 = 16‫ ݔ‬െ 5
d) ݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = െ3(െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) + 2 = 9‫ ݔ‬െ 6 + 2 = 9‫ ݔ‬െ 4
23. ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௙ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ר‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ‫ א‬Թ} = Թ
݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 6) = െ(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 6) + 6 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 + 6 = ‫ݔ‬
&RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
/RJR݂ ‫ = ݂ ל‬IdԹ
24. ݂ ିଵ : ‫ ܤ‬՜ ‫ܣ‬
25.
a) {(ߨ, െ1), (െ4, 2), (3, 3), (0, 4)}
b)
26.
a) i. ݂(5) = 2 × 5 െ 3 = 10 െ 3 = 7
ii. ݂ ିଵ (5) = 4, SRLV2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 5 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬8 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4
ଵ ଵ
iii. ݂ ିଵ (െ4) = െ , SRLV2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = െ4 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଷ
iv. ݂ ିଵ (0) = , SRLV2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
v. ݂ ‫ି ݂ ל‬ଵ (5) = ݂൫݂ ିଵ (5)൯ = ݂(4) = 2 × 4 െ 3 = 8 െ 3 = 5
௬ାଷ ௫ାଷ
b) 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬2‫ ݕ = ݔ‬+ 3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ./RJR݂ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
27.
a) $ IXQomR݂ p LQMHWLYD SRLV TXDLVTXHU TXH VHMDP RV Q~PHURV UHDLV ‫ݔ‬ଵ H ‫ݔ‬ଶ SHUWHQFHQWHV DR
GRPtQLRWHP-VHTXH݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) = ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ) ֜ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ XPDYH]TXH
݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) = ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ) ֜ െ3‫ݔ‬ଵ + 5 = െ3‫ݔ‬ଶ + 5 ֜ െ3‫ݔ‬ଵ = െ3‫ݔ‬ଶ ֜ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ
$IXQomR݂ pVREUHMHWLYDSRLVSDUDWRGRRQ~PHURUHDO‫ ݕ‬H[LVWHXPQ~PHURUHDO‫ ݔ‬WDOTXH‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 5
ି௬ାହ ି௬ାହ
‫ = ݕ‬െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݕ‬+ 5 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ , SRUWDQWRSDUDTXDOTXHU‫ א ݕ‬Թ, ‫݂ = ݕ‬ ቀ ቁ
ଷ ଷ
&RPR݂ pVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHLQMHWLYDHVREUHMHWLYDWHP-VHTXH݂ pXPDIXQomRELMHWLYD
ି௬ାହ
b) െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬െ3‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 5 ֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݕ‬+ 5 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଷ
ି௫ାହ
/RJR݂ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଷ
ି௫ାହ
c) ݂ ‫ି ݂ ל‬ଵ (‫݂ = )ݔ‬൫݂ ିଵ (‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂ ቀ ቁ
ଷ
ି௫ାହ
= െ3 × +5
ଷ
= െ(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5) + 5
= ‫ ݔ‬െ 5 + 5 = ‫ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ
ି(ିଷ௫ାହ)ାହ
݂ ିଵ ‫ି ݂ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬ଵ ൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂ ିଵ (െ3‫ ݔ‬+ 5) =
௫
ଷ௫ିହାହ ଷ௫
= = = ‫ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ
ଷ ଷ
Unidade 3 – Generalidades acerca de funções reais de variável real
Páginas 30 a 56
28.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ് ݔ‬0} = Թ\{0}
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 9 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് 0} = Թ\{െ3, 3}
Cálculo auxiliar
9 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 ് 0} = Թ
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 p XPDHTXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
e) ‫ܦ‬௝ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0} = [2, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬െ2൒0֞‫ ݔ‬൒2
f) ‫ܦ‬௞ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 5 ് 0} = [െ3, 5[ ‫] ׫‬5, +λ[
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ3 ‫ݔ‬െ5=0֞‫= ݔ‬5
g) ‫ܦ‬௟ = Թ
29. $V UHSUHVHQWDo}HV JUiILFDV ,, H ,,, QmR VmR IXQo}HV SRLV Ki YDORUHV GH x DRV TXDLV
FRUUHVSRQGH PDLV GR TXH XP YDORU GH y $V UHSUHVHQWDo}HV JUiILFDV , H ,9 VmR IXQo}HV
SRLVDFDGDYDORUGH x FRUUHVSRQGHXPHXPVyYDORUGH y
଻ ଷ
5HODWLYDPHQWHDRJUiILFR,‫ = ܦ‬ቂെ , ቂ H‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 2]
ଶ ଶ
5HODWLYDPHQWHDRJUiILFR,9‫] = ܦ‬െ3, 3] H‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െ4, െ1[ ‫[ ׫‬1, 4]
30. 5HODWLYDPHQWHDRJUiILFR, RV]HURVGDIXQomRVmR HDIXQomRpSRVLWLYDHP]െ3, 1[ Hp

଻ ଷ
QHJDWLYDHPቂെ , െ3ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቃ1, ቂ 5HODWLYDPHQWHDRJUiILFR,9 DIXQomRQmRWHP]HURVDIXQomR
ଶ ଶ
pSRVLWLYDHP[0, 3] HpQHJDWLYDHP]െ3, 0[
31. ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙

݂(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ସ + 5 = ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 5 = ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU
32. ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙

య య
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬ඥ(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ ξ‫ = ݔ‬െ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU

33.
a)
b)
34.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 = ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚
݃(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
݃(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
െ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ(‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ = െ(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 ) = െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 9
2XVHMDQmRpYHUGDGHTXH݃(െ‫)ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ QHPTXH݃(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ݃(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚
/RJR݃ QmRpSDUQHPtPSDU
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = Թ ‫{ ך‬0}ORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௛ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௛
ଵ ଵ
݄(െ‫= )ݔ‬ = െ = െ݄(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௛ RXVHMD ݄ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
ି௫ ௫
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = Թ ‫{ ך‬െ2}RXVHMDSHUWHQFHDRGRPtQLRGDIXQomR݅ PDV QmRSHUWHQFHDRGRPtQLRGD
IXQomR݅, DVVLPDIXQomR݅ QmRpSDUQHPtPSDU
35.
a)
2V]HURVGDIXQomR݂ VmR H DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH

b)
2]HURGDIXQomR݃ p

c)
$IXQomR݄ QmRWHP]HURV
d)
2]HURGDIXQomR݅ pDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
36.
a) 3UHWHQGH-VHUHVROYHUJUDILFDPHQWHDHTXDomR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬5.
2VSRQWRVSHGLGRVVmR H

b) 3UHWHQGH-VHUHVROYHUJUDILFDPHQWHDHTXDomR݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ
2VSRQWRVSHGLGRVVmR H

37.
a) ݃(ܽ) = ݂(ܽ) െ 4 = 10 െ 4 = 6
b) ݃(ܽ) = ݂(ܽ) + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14
38.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = ]െ4,2] ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = ]െ3,5]
$IXQomR݂ WHPXP]HUR

b)
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH YHWRU
‫ݒ‬Ԧ(0, െ4) HRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDWUDQVODomRGH
YHWRU‫ݒ‬Ԧ(0,3)
c) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]െ4, 2] ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െ7, 1]
$IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HUR
‫ܦ‬௛ = ]െ4, 2] ‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]0 ,8]
$IXQomR݄ QmRWHP]HURV
39.
a)
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH YHWRU
‫ݒ‬Ԧ(4, 0) H RJUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRU PHLRGHXPDWUDQVODomRGH
YHWRU‫ݒ‬Ԧ(െ2, 0)
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]0, 6]
‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െ3, 5] $IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HUR
‫ܦ‬௛ = ]െ6, 0]
‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െ3, 5] $IXQomR݄ WHPXP]HUR
40.
a) ݃(ܽ) = 3݂(ܽ) = 3 × 10 = 30
ଵ ଵ
b) ݃(ܽ) = ݂(ܽ) = × 10 = 2
ହ ହ
41.
a)

2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD GLODWDomR YHUWLFDO GH
FRHILFLHQWHHRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDFRQWUDomR
ଵ
YHUWLFDOGHFRHILFLHQWH
ଶ
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]െ4, 2]
‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െ6, 10]
$IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HUR
‫ܦ‬௛ = ]െ4, 2]
ଷ ହ
‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ቃെ , ቃ
ଶ ଶ
$IXQomR݄ WHPXP]HUR
42.
a)
2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݃ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDFRQWUDomRKRUL]RQWDOGH

ଵ
FRHILFLHQWH H RJUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDGLODWDomR
ଶ
KRUL]RQWDOGHFRHILFLHQWH
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]െ2, 1] ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െ3, 5]
$IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HUR
‫ܦ‬௛ = ]െ8, 4] ‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െ3, 5]
$IXQomR݄ WHPXP]HUR
43.
a)
2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݃ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRU PHLRGHXPDUHIOH[mRGHHL[Rܱ‫ݔ‬

HRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ SRU PHLRGHXPDUHIOH[mRGHHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]െ4, 2] ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = [െ5, 3[
$IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HUR
‫ܦ‬௛ = [െ2, 4[ ‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െ3, 5]
$IXQomR݄ WHPXP]HUR
Unidade 4 – Monotonia, extremos e concavidades
Páginas 57 a 67
44.
a) $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP> 6, @SRUH[HPSOR
b) $IXQomR݂ pGHFUHVFHQWHHPVHQWLGRODWRHP> 6, @SRUH[HPSOR
c) $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP> @SRUH[HPSOR
d) $IXQomR݂ pFUHVFHQWHHPVHQWLGRODWRHP> @SRUH[HPSOR
e) $IXQomR݂ pFRQVWDQWHHP> @SRUH[HPSOR
45.
a) 3RUH[HPSOR
b) 3RUH[HPSOR
46.
a)
݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP> @HHP> @݂ pFRQVWDQWHHP> @

b)
݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ2] HHP> @݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP > @H

HP[2, +λ[
47.
a) 8PPDMRUDQWHGH݃ pSRUH[HPSOR
b) 2FRQMXQWRGRVPLQRUDQWHVGH݃ p]െλ, െ6]
c) $IXQomR݃ pOLPLWDGDSRLVpPDMRUDGDHPLQRUDGD
48. pPtQLPRDEVROXWRGH݂ HpDWLQJLGRHP pPtQLPRUHODWLYRGH݂ HpDWLQJLGRHP

p PtQLPRUHODWLYRGH݂ HpDWLQJLGRHPpPi[LPRDEVROXWRGH ݂ HpDWLQJLGRHP
pPi[LPRUHODWLYRGH݂ HpDWLQJLGRHP pPi[LPRUHODWLYRGH݂ HpDWLQJLGRHP

49.
a) $VIXQo}HVHPTXHDLPDJHPGHܽ pXPPi[LPRUHODWLYRVmR݂ H݄XPDYH]TXHQHVWDVIXQo}HV
H[LVWHSHORPHQRVXPDYL]LQKDQoD‫ ݎ‬GHܽ HPTXHWRGRVRVREMHWRVWrPLPDJHQVLQIHULRUHV D݂(ܽ)
H݄(ܽ)UHVSHWLYDPHQWH
4XDQWR jV IXQo}HV݃ H݅ TXDOTXHU YL]LQKDQoD‫ ݎ‬GHܽ DGPLWH REMHWRV FRP LPDJHQV PDLRUHV GR
TXH݃(ܽ) H݅(ܽ)UHVSHWLYDPHQWH
b) $IXQomRHPTXHDLPDJHPGHܽ pXPPi[LPRDEVROXWRpDIXQomR݂XPDYH]TXHQHVWDIXQomR
TXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGRVHXGRPtQLRWHPLPDJHPLQIHULRURXLJXDOD݂(ܽ)
$ LPDJHP GHܽ QmR p Pi[LPR UHODWLYR SDUD DV IXQo}HV݃ H݅ ORJR WDPEpP QmR p Pi[LPR
DEVROXWR
4XDQWR j IXQomR݄ DSHVDU GH D LPDJHP GHܽ VHU XP Pi[LPR UHODWLYR GD IXQomR QmR p XP
Pi[LPRDEVROXWRSRLVKiHOHPHQWRVGRGRPtQLRFXMDVLPDJHQVVmRVXSHULRUHVD݄(ܽ)
50.
2YDORUPi[LPRGDIXQomRpDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHORJR ܽ ൎ
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 68 a 79
1. 2 JUiILFR,pXPDIXQomRGHA HPBSRUTXHDFDGDYDORUGHA ID]FRUUHVSRQGHUXPHXPVy
YDORUGHB
2JUiILFR,,pXPDIXQomRGHA HPBSRUTXHDFDGDYDORUGHA ID]FRUUHVSRQGHUXPHXPVy
YDORUGHB
2 JUiILFR ,,, QmR p XPD IXQomR GH A HP B SRUTXH DR HOHPHQWR െ GR FRQMXQWR A ID]
FRUUHVSRQGHURVHOHPHQWRVHGRFRQMXQWRB
2 JUiILFR ,9 QmR p XPD IXQomR GH A HP B SRUTXH DR HOHPHQWR GR FRQMXQWR A QmR
FRUUHVSRQGHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRB
2JUiILFR9QmRpXPDIXQomRGHA HPBSRUTXHFRQWpPRSDURUGHQDGR HQmRpXP
HOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRA $VVLPDSHQDVRVJUiILFRV,H,,VmRJUiILFRVGHIXQo}HVGHA HPB
(Opção A)
2. 2VJUiILFRV,H,9QmRUHSUHVHQWDPIXQo}HVUHDLVGHYDULiYHOUHDOSRUTXHFRQWrPYDORUHVGH‫ݔ‬

DRV TXDLV FRUUHVSRQGH PDLV GR TXH XP YDORU GH ‫ ݕ‬$VVLP DSHQDV RV JUiILFRV ,, H ,,,
UHSUHVHQWDPIXQo}HVUHDLVGHYDULiYHOUHDO
(Opção C)
3. 2 SHUtPHWUR GR TXDGUDGR p GDGR SHOD H[SUHVVmR ‫ = ݌‬4݈ RQGH ݈ UHSUHVHQWD D PHGLGD GR
௣
FRPSULPHQWRGRVHXODGR$VVLP݈ = $ iUHD GR TXDGUDGR p GDGD SRU‫ ݈ = ܣ‬ଶ 6XEVWLWXLQGR݈
ସ
QHVWDH[SUHVVmRREWpP-VHDIXQomRTXHUHODFLRQDDiUHDGHXPTXDGUDGRFRPRVHXSHUtPHWUR
௣ ଶ ௣మ
‫ = )݌(ܣ‬ቀ ቁ =
ସ ଵ଺
(Opção B)
4. ݂(2ܽ) = 2ܽ + ܽ = (ܽ + ܽ) + ܽ = ݂(ܽ) + ܽ
(Opção C)
5.
a) 2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH YHWRU
ହ
‫ݒ‬Ԧ ቀ0, ቁRTXHVLJQLILFDTXHDIXQomR݃ QmRWHP]HURV
ଶ
(Opção D)
b) 3DUDTXH݂(‫ ݇ = )ݔ‬WHQKDVROXo}HV, ݇ WHPGHSHUWHQFHUDRFRQMXQWR[2, 3]
(Opção C)
6. $IXQomR݂ QmRWHPPtQLPRUHODWLYRHPܽSRLVܽ QmRpXPHOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLRGDIXQomR

$ IXQomR݃ WHP PtQLPR UHODWLYR HPܽ SRLV H[LVWH SHOR PHQRV XPD YL]LQKDQoD‫ ݎ‬GHܽ HP TXH
WRGRVRVREMHWRVWrPLPDJHQVVXSHULRUHVD݃(ܽ)
$ IXQomR݄ QmR WHP PtQLPR UHODWLYR HPܽ SRLV TXDOTXHU YL]LQKDQoD‫ ݎ‬GHܽ DGPLWH REMHWRV FRP
LPDJHQVPHQRUHVGRTXH݄(ܽ)
$ IXQomR݅ WHP PtQLPR UHODWLYR HPܽ SRLV H[LVWH SHOR PHQRV XPD YL]LQKDQoD‫ ݎ‬GHܽ HP TXH
WRGRVRVREMHWRVWrPLPDJHQVVXSHULRUHVD݅(ܽ)
$VVLPDSHQDVDVIXQo}HV݃ H݅ WrP PtQLPRUHODWLYRHPܽ
(Opção A)
7. 2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR GHILQLGD SRU݂‫ ݔ‬െ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD
WUDQVODomRGHYHWRU RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHHVWDIXQomRWHPXP]HURQRLQWHUYDOR> @PDV
QDGDVHSRGHFRQFOXLUVREUHRTXHVHSDVVDQRLQWHUYDOR>െ @
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR GHILQLGD SRU݂ ‫ ݔ‬REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD
WUDQVODomRGHYHWRU RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHQDGDVHSRGHDILUPDUDFHUFDGRV]HURVGHVWDIXQomR
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR GHILQLGD SRU݂ ‫ ݔ‬െ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD
WUDQVODomRGHYHWRU െRTXHVLJQLILFDTXHQDGDVHSRGHDILUPDUDFHUFDGRV]HURVGHVWDIXQomR
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR GHILQLGD SRU݂‫ ݔ‬+ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD
WUDQVODomRGHYHWRU െ RTXHVLJQLILFD TXHHVWDIXQomRWHPQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXP ]HURQR
LQWHUYDOR>െ @
(Opção D)
8. 2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ SRU PHLR GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH YHWRU
െ VHJXLGD GH XPD UHIOH[mR GH HL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬H GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH YHWRU െ SHOR
TXH݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ݂(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) െ 2
(Opção B)

9. 2JUiILFRGDIXQomRGHILQLGDSRU݂‫ ݔ‬െ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGH݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDWUDQVODomRGH
YHWRU RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHVHUiVLPpWULFRHPUHODomRDRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬/RJRDIXQomRGHILQLGDSRU
݂‫ ݔ‬െ pSDU
(Opção A)
10.
a) 2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݃ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR ݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDWUDQVODomRGHYHWRU
െ RTXHVLJQLILFDTXHRV]HURVGH݃ VmRെ4 െ 4 = െ8 H1 െ 4 = െ3
(Opção D)
b) ‫ܦ‬௛ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬0} = ]െ4, െ1[ ‫] ׫‬1, +λ[
(Opção B)
11.
a) $DILUPDomR,pIDOVDSRLV݂ QmRpLQMHWLYDORJRQmRDGPLWHLQYHUVD$DILUPDomR,,pIDOVDSRLV
RJUiILFRGH݂ QmRp VLPpWULFRHPUHODomRDRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬ORJR݂ QmRpXPDIXQomRSDU$DILUPDomR
,,,pYHUGDGHLUDSRLVRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݃ pVLPpWULFRHPUHODomRjRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDOORJR
݃ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
(Opção C)
b) ݃ିଵ (2) = 2 ് 0
݃ିଵ (െ2) = െ2 ് 0
݃ ‫(݂ ל‬1) = ݃൫݂(1)൯ = ݃(െ2) = െ2 < 0
(Opção D)
12. 6HDIXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHQWmRpLQMHWLYD/RJRQmRKiGRLVREMHWRVGLVWLQWRV

FRPDPHVPDLPDJHPHP SDUWLFXODUQmRKiGRLVREMHWRVGLVWLQWRVFXMDLPDJHPVHMD]HURRX
VHMDDIXQomRQmRSRGHWHUPDLVGRTXHXP]HUR
6HDIXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHQmRSRGHVHUXPDIXQomRSDU
2 FRQWUDGRPtQLR GD IXQomR݂ QmR WHP GH VHUԹି %DVWD FRQVLGHUDU SRU H[HPSOR D IXQomR
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ݔ‬GHGRPtQLRԹHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHQRVHXGRPtQLRHFXMRFRQWUDGRPtQLRpԹ
(Opção D)
13. 6H D IXQomR݃ p SDU H R SRQWRܲ(ܽ, ܾ) SHUWHQFH DR VHX JUiILFR HQWmR R SRQWR GH FRRUGHQDGDV
െܽ, ܾ) WDPEpPSHUWHQFHDRJUiILFRGH݃/RJRRSRQWRെܽ, െܾQmRSRGHSHUWHQFHUDRJUiILFR
GH݃ FDVR FRQWUiULR DR REMHWRܽ FRUUHVSRQGHULDP GXDV LPDJHQV GLIHUHQWHV, ܾ Hെܾ H݃ QmR
VHULDXPDIXQomR
(Opção C)
14. 6HMD‫ > ݔ‬HQWmR݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(1) = 2SHORTXHRJUiILFRGDIXQomRFRPSRVWD݂ ‫ ݃ ל‬Vy

SRGHVHURJUiILFRUHSUHVHQWDGRQDRSomR%
(Opção B)
15.
a) 3URSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVXPDIXQomRpXPDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDTXHDFDGDHOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLRID]
FRUUHVSRQGHUXPHXPVyHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD

b) 3URSRVLomR IDOVD SRLV D GRLV REMHWRV GLIHUHQWHV SRGH FRUUHVSRQGHU D PHVPD LPDJHP SRU
H[HPSORVHQGR݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ HQWmR݂(1) = ݂(െ1) = 1
c) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
d) 3URSRVLomRIDOVDSRLVRFRQWUDGRPtQLRpXPVXEFRQMXQWRGRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDTXHSRGHQmR
FRLQFLGLUFRPHVWH
16.
a) ‫({ = ܤ × ܣ‬െ1, 2), (െ1, 5), (0, 2), (0, 5), (2, 2), (2, 5)}
b) ‫({ = ܣ × ܤ‬2, െ1), (2, 0), (2, 2), (5, െ1), (5, 0), (5, 2)}
c) ‫({ = ܣ × ܣ‬െ1, െ1), (െ1, 0), (െ1, 2), (0, െ1), (0, 0), (0, 2), (2, െ1), (2, 0), (2, 2)}
d) ‫({ = ܤ × ܤ‬2, 2), (2, 5), (5, 2), (5, 5)}
17. 2VVXEFRQMXQWRVC HD SRGHPVHUJUiILFRVGHIXQo}HVGHA HPB

2 VXEFRQMXQWR E QmR SRGH VHU JUiILFR GH XPD IXQomR GH A HP B SRLV DR HOHPHQWRെ GH A
FRUUHVSRQGHPRVHOHPHQWRVHGHB
2VXEFRQMXQWRF QmRSRGHVHUJUiILFRGHXPDIXQomRGHA HPBSRLVDRHOHPHQWRGHA QmR
FRUUHVSRQGHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGHB
2VXEFRQMXQWRG QmRSRGH VHU JUiILFRGHXPDIXQomRGHA HPBSRLVFRQWpPRSDURUGHQDGR
, HQmRpXPHOHPHQWRGHA
18.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = Գ H‫ܦ‬௚ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}ORJRRVGRPtQLRVGH݂ H݃ VmRGLIHUHQWHVSHORTXHDVIXQo}HV݂ H݃
QmRVmRLJXDLV
b) ݂|஺ = ݃
݂(1) = 2 × 1 + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5
݂(2) = 2 × 2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7
݂(3) = 2 × 3 + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
݂(4) = 2 × 4 + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11
݂(5) = 2 × 5 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
c) ݄: Թ ื ԹFRP݄(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
19. $V IXQo}HV݂, ݃, ݄, ݆, ݇ H݈ VmR IXQo}HV LQMHWLYDV SRLV SDUD FDGD XPD GHVWDV IXQo}HV REMHWRV
GLVWLQWRVWrPLPDJHQVGLVWLQWDV
$ IXQomR݅ QmR p LQMHWLYD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR DRV HOHPHQWRVെ H GR GRPtQLR FRUUHVSRQGH D
PHVPDLPDJHP
$ IXQomR݉ QmR p LQMHWLYD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR DRV HOHPHQWRV H GR GRPtQLR FRUUHVSRQGH D
PHVPDLPDJHP
$V IXQo}HV݂, ݅ , ݆ H݇ VmR VREUHMHWLYDV SRLV SDUD FDGD XPD GHODV WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV GR
FRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDVmRLPDJHPGHSHORPHQRV XPHOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLR
$ IXQomR݃ QmR p VREUHMHWLYD SRLV R HOHPHQWR GR FRQMXQWR B QmR p LPDJHP GH TXDOTXHU
HOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRA
$IXQomR݄ QmRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLVSRUH[HPSORRVHOHPHQWRVtPSDUHVGRFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGD
QmRVmRLPDJHPGHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWR{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
$IXQomR݈ QmRpVREUHMHWLYDSRLVRVHOHPHQWRVSHUWHQFHQWHVDRFRQMXQWR[0, 2[ QmRVmRLPDJHP
GHTXDOTXHUHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWR> @

$ IXQomR݉ QmR p VREUHMHWLYD SRLV SRU H[HPSOR R HOHPHQWR QmR p LPDJHP GH TXDOTXHU
HOHPHQWRGRGRPtQLR
$VIXQo}HV݂, ݆ H݇ VmRELMHWLYDVSRUTXHVmRVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHLQMHWLYDVHVREUHMHWLYDV
$IXQomR ݅ pVREUHMHWLYDPDVQmRpLQMHWLYDORJRQmRpELMHWLYD
$VIXQo}HV݃, ݄ H݈ VmRLQMHWLYDVPDVQmRVmRVREUHMHWLYDVORJRQmRVmRELMHWLYDV
20.
a) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
b) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
c) 3URSRVLomRIDOVD SRU H[HPSOR݂: {1, 2, 3} ՜ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, RQGH݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬p XPD IXQomR LQMHWLYD
PDVQmRpELMHWLYDXPDYH]TXHQmRpXPDIXQomRVREUHMHWLYD
d) 3URSRVLomR IDOVD SRU H[HPSOR ݂: {െ2, െ1, 0, 1, 2} ՜ {0, 1, 4}, RQGH ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ p XPD IXQomR
VREUHMHWLYDPDVQmRpELMHWLYDXPDYH]TXHQmRpXPDIXQomRLQMHWLYD
e) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
f) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
g) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
21.
a) ݃൫݂(4)൯ = ݃൫ξ5 െ 4൯ = ݃(1) = 1ଶ െ 1 = 0
b) ݂൫݃(1)൯ = ݂(1ଶ െ 1) = ݂(0) = ξ5 െ 0 = ξ5
c) ݂ ‫(݃ ל‬2) + ݃ ‫(݂ ל‬െ5) = ݂൫݃(2)൯ + ݃൫݂(െ5)൯ = ݂(2ଶ െ 1) + ݃ ቆට5— 5ቇ
= ݂(3) + ݃൫ξ10൯
ଶ
= ξ5 െ 3 + ൫ξ10൯ െ 1
= ξ2 + 9
= 9 + ξ2
22.
a) ݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = 4(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + 1 = 12‫ ݔ‬െ 8 + 1 = 12‫ ݔ‬െ 7
b) ݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 3(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) െ 2 = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ 2 = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 1
c) ݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = 3(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) െ 2 = 9‫ ݔ‬െ 6 െ 2 = 9‫ ݔ‬െ 8
d) ݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 4(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + 1 = 16‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + 1 = 16‫ ݔ‬+ 5
23.
a) $IXQomR ݂ pLQMHWLYDSRLVDFDGDREMHWRFRUUHVSRQGHXPDLPDJHPGLVWLQWD
$IXQomR݂ pVREUHMHWLYDSRLVWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVGRFRQMXQWRB VmRLPDJHPGHXPHOHPHQWRGR
FRQMXQWRA
/RJRDIXQomR݂ pELMHWLYDSRLVpVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHLQMHWLYDHVREUHMHWLYD
b)

24.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = [െ5, 6[
‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = ]െ6, 6]
2V]HURVGH݂ VmRെHെ
$IXQomR݂ pSRVLWLYDHP]െ5, െ2[ HHP[0, 6[, pQHJDWLYDHP]െ2, 0[.
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ]െλ, 6]
‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = [െ6, +λ[
2V]HURVGH݃ VmRെH
$IXQomR݃ pSRVLWLYDHP]െλ, െ5[ HHP]4, 6], p QHJDWLYDHP]െ5, 4[.
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = Թ
‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െλ, 4]
2V]HURVGH݄ VmRെ6, െH
$IXQomR݄ pSRVLWLYDHP]െ6, െ5[ HHP]3, +λ[pQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, െ6[ HHP]െ5, 3[
25. $VIXQo}HV݂ H݃ VmRIXQo}HVSDUHVSRLVRVVHXVJUiILFRVVmRVLPpWULFRVUHODWLYDPHQWHDRHL[R

ܱ‫ݕ‬
$V IXQo}HV݄ H݅ VmR IXQo}HV tPSDUHV SRLV RV VHXV JUiILFRV VmR VLPpWULFRV UHODWLYDPHQWH j
RULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO
$VIXQo}HV݆ H݇ QmRVmRIXQo}HVSDUHVQHPtPSDUHVSRLVRVVHXVJUiILFRVQmRVmRVLPpWULFRV
HPUHODomRDRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬QHPHPUHODomRjRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO
26.
a) $IXQomR݂ pLQMHWLYDSRLV DFDGDHOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRA FRUUHVSRQGHXPHOHPHQWRGLVWLQWRGR
FRQMXQWRB$IXQomR݂ pVREUHMHWLYDSRLVWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVGRFRQMXQWRB VmRLPDJHPGHXP
HOHPHQWRGRFRQMXQWRA
b) (i) ݂|{ିଶ,଴,ଷ} ՜ ‫ܤ‬
(ii) ݂ ିଵ : ‫ ܤ‬՜ ‫ܣ‬
(iii) ݃ ‫(݂ ל‬െ2) = ݃൫݂(െ2)൯ = ݃(4) = 21

݃ ‫(݂ ל‬െ1) = ݃൫݂(െ1)൯ = ݃(0) = 20
݃ ‫(݂ ל‬0) = ݃൫݂(0)൯ = ݃(12) = 31
݃ ‫(݂ ל‬3) = ݃൫݂(3)൯ = ݃(8) = 30
݃ ‫݂ ל‬: ‫ ܣ‬՜ {20, 21, 30, 31}

(iv) ݂ ିଵ ‫݀ܫ = ݂ ל‬஺
27.
a) ‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௚ ൟ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬2}: ݂(‫ א )ݔ‬Թ} = Թ ‫{ ך‬2}
௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ଶ௫ାଶାଷ(௫ିଶ) ଶ௫ାଶାଷ௫ି଺ ହ௫ିସ
݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃ ቀ ቁ=2ቀ ቁ +3 = = =
௫ିଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ିଶ
ଵ
b) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = ൛‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݃(‫ א )ݔ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬2}ൟ = Թ ‫ ך‬ቄെ ቅ
ଶ
Cálculo auxiliar
1
݃(‫ א )ݔ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬2} ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ് 2 ฻ 2‫ ് ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫ ് ݔ‬െ
2
ଶ௫ାଷାଵ ଶ௫ାସ
݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(2‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = =
ଶ௫ାଷିଶ ଶ௫ାଵ
28.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ് 0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬3}
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 3 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് 0} = Թ ‫ ך‬൛െξ3, ξ3ൟ
Cálculo auxiliar
3 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ3
e) ‫ܦ‬௝ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ൒ 0} = [3, +λ[

Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬െ3൒0֞‫ ݔ‬൒3
f) ‫ܦ‬௞ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 3 െ ‫ > ݔ‬0} = ]െλ, 3[

Cálculo auxiliar
3 െ ‫ > ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ > ݔ‬െ3 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬3
g) ‫ܦ‬௟ = Թ
h) ‫ܦ‬௠ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ് ݔ‬0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬0}
29. ݂ ‫ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 ֞ ݂൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9

֞ 2݃(‫ )ݔ‬െ 5 = 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
֞ 2݃(‫ = )ݔ‬6‫ ݔ‬+ 14
֞ ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 7

30.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ షభ
௬ିଵ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬2‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
௫ିଵ
݂ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଶ
‫ܦ‬௙షభ = Թ
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ షభ
ଵି௬
1 െ 4‫ ֞ ݕ = ݔ‬െ4‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ 4‫ = ݔ‬1 െ ‫= ݔ ֞ ݕ‬
ସ
ଵି௫
݃ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ସ
‫ܦ‬௚షభ = Թ
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ షభ
య
‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 1 = ‫ ݔ ֞ ݕ‬ଷ = ‫ ݕ‬െ 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ඥ‫ ݕ‬െ 1
య
݄ିଵ (‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
‫ܦ‬௛షభ = Թ
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ് 0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬െ1} = ‫ܦ‬௜ᇱషభ
ଵ ଵି௬
= ‫ ֞ ݕ‬1 = ‫ ݕݔ‬+ ‫ = ݕݔ ֞ ݕ‬1 െ ‫= ݔ ֞ ݕ‬
௫ାଵ ௬
ଵି௫
݅ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
௫
‫ܦ‬௜ షభ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ് ݔ‬0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬0}
ଵ
e) ‫ܦ‬௝ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ് 0} = Թ ‫ ך‬ቄ ቅ = ‫ܦ‬௝ᇱషభ
ଷ
ଶ௫ ௬
= ‫ ֞ ݕ‬2‫ = ݔ‬3‫ ݕݔ‬െ ‫ ֞ ݕ‬3‫ ݕݔ‬െ 2‫(ݔ ֞ ݕ = ݔ‬3‫ ݕ‬െ 2) = ‫= ݔ ֞ ݕ‬
ଷ௫ିଵ ଷ௬ିଶ
௫
݆ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଷ௫ିଶ
ଶ
‫ܦ‬௝ షభ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ് 0} = Թ ‫ ך‬ቄ ቅ
ଷ
f) ‫ܦ‬௞ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ് 0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬െ5} = ‫ܦ‬௞ᇱ షభ
ଷ௫ିଶ ହ௬ାଶ
= ‫ ֞ ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = ‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ֞ ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ = ݕݔ‬2 + 5‫(ݔ ֞ ݕ‬3 െ ‫ = )ݕ‬5‫ ݕ‬+ 2 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
௫ାହ ଷି௬
ହ௫ାଶ
݇ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଷି௫
‫ܦ‬௞ షభ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 3 െ ‫ ് ݔ‬0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬3}

31. ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ ݃(‫ ݔ ֞ )ݔ‬ସ ൑ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 6
/RJRܽ ൎ െ1,35 Hܾ ൎ 1,76.

32.
a) ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െ2, 2[
b) ݃(‫ )ݔ‬൑ 0 ֞ ‫[ א ݔ‬െ5, 0]
c) ݂(‫] א ݔ ֞ )ݔ(݃ > )ݔ‬െ3; 1,5[
d) ݃(‫ )ݔ‬൒ ݂(‫[ א ݔ ֞ )ݔ‬െ7, െ3] ‫[ ׫‬1, 4]
e) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5
f) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬0
g) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ3 ֞ ‫[ א ݔ‬2,5; 4] ‫{ ׫‬െ6, െ3}
33.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬5(െ‫ = ଺)ݔ‬5‫)ݔ(݂ = ଺ ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RX VHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚
݃(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ଷ െ 2(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ = ݔ‬െ(‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ = )ݔ‬െ݃(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ RX VHMD ݃ p XPD IXQomR
tPSDU
c) ‫ܦ‬௛ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௛ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௛
݄(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ସ + (െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = ݄(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௛ RXVHMD݄ pXPDIXQomRSDU
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௜ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௜
݅(െ‫ = )ݔ‬5(െ‫ )ݔ‬െ 4 = െ5‫ ݔ‬െ 4
െ݅(‫ = )ݔ‬െ(5‫ ݔ‬െ 4) = െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 5
2XVHMDQmRpYHUGDGHTXH݅(െ‫)ݔ(݅ = )ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௜ QHPTXH݅(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ݅(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௜ /RJR݅ QmRp
SDUQHPtPSDU
e) ‫ܦ‬௝ = Թ ‫{ ך‬0}ORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬୨ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬୨
ଵ ଵ
݆(െ‫= )ݔ‬
(ି௫)మ
= = ݆(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௝ RX VHMD݆ pXPDIXQomRSDU
௫మ
f) ‫ܦ‬௞ = Թ ‫{ ך‬2} RX VHMDെ SHUWHQFH DR GRPtQLR GD IXQomR݇ PDV QmR SHUWHQFH DR GRPtQLR GD
IXQomR݇DVVLPDIXQomR݇ QmRpSDUQHPtPSDU
g) ‫ܦ‬௟ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௟ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௟
య
݈(െ‫ = )ݔ‬ඥ(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ ξ‫ = ݔ‬െ݈(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௟ , RXVHMD݈ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
య
h) ‫ܦ‬௠ = Թା଴ RX VHMD SRU H[HPSOR SHUWHQFH DR GRPtQLR GD IXQomR݉ PDVെ QmR SHUWHQFH DR
GRPtQLRGDIXQomR݉DVVLPDIXQomR݉ QmRpSDUQHPtPSDU
34.
a) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ4, 6] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [0, 7]
$IXQomRWHPXP]HUR

b) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ7, 3] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ3, 4]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
c) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ4, 6] ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 3]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
d) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ6, 4] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ3, 4]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
e) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ6, 4] ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 3]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
f) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ4, 6] ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ6, 8]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
g) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ2, 3] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ3, 4]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
h) ‫[ = ܦ‬െ3, 7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ10, 11]
$IXQomRWHPWUrV]HURV
35.
a) $IXQomR݂ WHPPi[LPRDEVROXWRHP‫ = ݔ‬4 HWHPPtQLPRDEVROXWRെHP‫ = ݔ‬0WHPPi[LPRV
UHODWLYRVHP‫ = ݔ‬െ4 HHP‫ = ݔ‬4 HWHPPtQLPRVUHODWLYRVHP‫ = ݔ‬െ6 HHP‫ = ݔ‬6 HെHP
‫ = ݔ‬0
$IXQomR݃ WHPPi[LPRDEVROXWRHP‫ = ݔ‬0$IXQomR݄ WHPPi[LPRDEVROXWRHP‫ = ݔ‬0 HWHP
PtQLPRDEVROXWRെHP‫ = ݔ‬7 HHP‫[ א ݔ‬1, 3]WHPPi[LPRVUHODWLYRVHP‫ = ݔ‬0 HHP‫ = ݔ‬5 H
WHPPtQLPRVUHODWLYRVെHP‫ = ݔ‬7 HHP‫[ א ݔ‬1, 3] HHP‫ = ݔ‬െ5
b)
$IXQomR݂ pFUHVFHQWHHP[െ6, െ4] HHP[0, 4] HpGHFUHVFHQWHHP[െ4, 0] HHP[4, 6]
$IXQomR݃ pFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] HpGHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
$IXQomR݄ pFUHVFHQWHHP[െ5, 0] HHP[3, 5]pGHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, 2] HHP[5, 7] HpFRQVWDQWH

HP[2, 3]
c) (i) $IXQomR݂ pLQMHWLYDHP]4, 6[SRUH[HPSOR
(ii) $IXQomR݂ pQHJDWLYDHHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]0, 2[SRUH[HPSOR
(iii) 2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ DSUHVHQWDDFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDFLPDHP]െ2, 2[SRUH[HPSOR
(iv) 2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ DSUHVHQWDDFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[RHP]െ6, െ2[SRUH[HPSOR

36.
a) ݂(‫{(݂ = )ܦ ׫ ܥ‬െ1, 1, 2, 3}) = {0, 6, 9}
݂(‫{(݂ = )ܦ(݂ ׫ )ܥ‬െ1, 2, 3}) ‫{(݂ ׫‬1, 3}) = {0, 6, 9} ‫{ ׫‬0, 9} = {0, 6, 9} = ݂(‫)ܦ ׫ ܥ‬
b) ݂(‫{(݂ = )ܦ ת ܥ‬3}) = {9}
݂(‫{(݂ = )ܦ(݂ ת )ܥ‬െ1,2,3}) ‫{(݂ ת‬1,3}) = {0,6,9} ‫{ ת‬0,9} = {0,9} ് ݂(‫)ܦ ת ܥ‬
37.
a) ݂ ‫ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬3 ֞ ݂൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = 3 ֞ ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬2 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
/RJR‫{ א ݔ‬2, 3}
b) ݃ ‫ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬2 ֞ ݃൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = 2 ֞ ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2 ‫ = )ݔ(݂ ש‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2
/RJR‫{ א ݔ‬1, 2}
ହ ହ ହ
38. ݄(‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל ݃ = )ݔ‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1) = = =
ଶ(௫ మ ାଵ)ାଵ ଶ௫ మ ାଶାଵ ଶ௫ మ ାଷ
ଵ,଺଺଻×଴,ହଽଶ
‫[ܣ‬ை஺஻] = ൎ 0,49 u. a.
ଶ
39. 6HMD݂(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬+ ܾ.

݂ ‫ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬12‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ ݂൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ ݂(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ ܽ(4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + ܾ = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 1
֞ 4ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ + ܾ = 12‫ ݔ‬+ 1
4ܽ = 12 ܽ=3
/RJRቄ ֞ቄ .
ܽ+ܾ=1 ܾ = െ2
$VVLPXPDH[SUHVVmRDQDOtWLFDGDIXQomR݂ QDVFRQGLo}HVSHGLGDVp݂(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 2
40. 6HDIXQomR݂ pELMHWLYDHQWmRpLQYHUWtYHO 7HP-VHHQWmRTXH
(݂ ‫ି ݂ ל )݂ ל‬ଵ (‫)݂ ל ݂( = )ݔ‬൫݂ ିଵ (‫)ݔ‬൯ = ൬݂ ቀ݂൫݂ ିଵ (‫)ݔ‬൯ቁ൰ = ݂൫݂ ‫ି ݂ ל‬ଵ (‫)ݔ‬൯
= ݂(‫)ݔ‬MiTXH݂ ‫ି ݂ ל‬ଵ = Id

Unidade 5 – Estudo elementar de algumas funções
Páginas 80 a 133
51.
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 6
3‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
$IXQomR݂ WHPXP]HUR
&RPR݂ pXPDIXQomRDILPHRVHXJUiILFRpXPDUHWDGHGHFOLYHSRVLWLYRHQWmR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWH$VVLP݂ pQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, 2[ HpSRVLWLYDHP]2, +λ[
b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬െ 2
ଵ
െ4‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ െ4‫ = ݔ‬2 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଶ
ଵ
$IXQomR݃ WHPXP]HURെ
ଶ
&RPR ݃ p XPD IXQomR DILP H R VHX JUiILFR p XPD UHWD GH GHFOLYH QHJDWLYR HQWmR ݃ p
ଵ ଵ
HVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWH $VVLP݃ pSRVLWLYDHPቃെλ, െ ቂ H pQHJDWLYDHPቃെ , +λቂ
ଶ ଶ
c) ݄(‫ݔ = )ݔ‬
$IXQomR݄ WHPXP]HUR
&RPR݄ pXPDIXQomRDILPHRVHXJUiILFRpXPDUHWDGHGHFOLYHSRVLWLYRHQWmR݄ pHVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWH $VVLP݄ pQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, 0[ HpSRVLWLYDHP]0, +λ[
d) ݅(‫ = )ݔ‬െ5
$IXQomR݅ QmRWHP]HURV $IXQomR݅ pXPDIXQomRFRQVWDQWHHpQHJDWLYDHPԹ
52.
a) 6HMD݂(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPR VH SUHWHQGH TXH݂ VHMD XPD IXQomR HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH, HQWmR
ܽ < 0SRUH[HPSORܽ = െ1$VVLP݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ
8PDYH]TXH݂(2) = 0, HQWmR0 = െ2 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 2/RJR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2, SRUH[HPSOR
b) 6HMD݂(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬+ ܾ &RPR݂(0) = 4 HQWmR4 = 0 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 4 /RJR݂(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬+ 4. 3DUD TXH݂
ଵ
VHMDSRVLWLYDHPቃെ , +λቂRGHFOLYHGDUHWDTXHDUHSUHVHQWDWHPGHVHUSRVLWLYRHDIXQomRWHP
ଷ
ଵ
GHWHUXP]HURHPെ $VVLP
ଷ
ଵ ଵ
݂ ቀെ ቁ = 0 ֞ ܽ × ቀെ ቁ +4 = 0 ֞ െܽ + 12 = 0 ֞ ܽ = 12
ଷ ଷ
/RJR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬12‫ ݔ‬+ 4
53. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 8 ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 1

a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = 0 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬8 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4
ଵ
b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ െ5‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ହ
ଽ
c) ݂(‫ ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ 7‫ = ݔ‬9 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
଻
d) ݂(‫ < )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8 < 0 ֞ 2‫ < ݔ‬8 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 4[
ଶ ଶ
e) ݃(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 3 ֞ െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 3 ֞ െ5‫ ݔ‬൒ 2 ֞ 5‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ ֞ ‫ א ݔ‬ቃെλ, െ ቃ
ହ ହ

54.
a)
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2

/RJR‫(ܣ‬2, 0
ଵ
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ െ3‫ = ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଷ
ଵ
/RJR‫ ܤ‬ቀെ , 0ቁ
ଷ
ଷ
݂(‫ ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = െ3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ 5‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ହ
ଷ ଷ ଺ ଵସ
݂ ቀ ቁ=2× െ4 = െ4 = െ
ହ ହ ହ ହ
ଷ ଵସ
/RJR‫ܥ‬ ቀ , െ ቁ
ହ ହ
భ భర ళ భర
ቀ ା ଶቁ × × ଻ × ଵସ ସଽ
య ఱ య ఱ
$VVLP‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼] = = = = XD
ଶ ଶ ଷ×ହ×ଶ ଵହ
55.
a) ࢌ(࢞) = ૜࢞૛ + ૚
i. 9pUWLFH (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬0
ii. &RQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDFLPDHPԹ
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [1, +λ[
ଵ
v. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = െ , ORJR ݂ QmRWHP]HURV
ଷ
vi. $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] H pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
ࢍ(࢞) = െ૛࢞૛ + ૝
ii. &RQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[RHPԹ
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െλ, 4]
v. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 2 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ2ORJR ݃ WHPGRLV]HURVξ2 Hെξ2
vi. $IXQomR݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
૚
ࢎ(࢞) = ࢞૛ െ
ૢ
ଵ
i. 9pUWLFHቀ0, െ ቁ (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬0
ଽ

iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
ଵ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ቂെ , +λቂ
ଽ
v. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ ORJR ݄ WHPGRLV]HURV Hെ
ଽ ଽ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
vi. $IXQomR݄ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] HpHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
࢏(࢞) = െ࢞૛ െ ૜
i. 9pUWLFH െ (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬0
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െλ, െ3]
v. ݅(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = െ3, ORJR ݅ QmRWHP]HURV
vi. $IXQomR݅ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
b)
56.
a) ࢌ(࢞) = ૜(࢞ െ ૚)૛
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = Թା଴
v. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1ORJR ݂ WHPXP]HUR
vi. $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 1] HpHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP[1, +λ[
ࢍ(࢞) = െ(࢞ + ૛)૛
i. 9pUWLFHെ (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬െ2
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = Թି଴
v. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2ORJR ݃ WHPXP]HURെ
vi. $IXQomR݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ2] HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[െ2, +λ[
૚
ࢎ(࢞) = െ (࢞ െ ૞)૛
૛
i. 9pUWLFH, (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬5

iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = Թି଴

ଵ
v. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5, ORJR݄ WHPXP]HUR
ଶ
vi. $IXQomR݄ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 5] HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[5, +λ[
b)
57.
a) ࢌ(࢞) = ૜(࢞ െ ૚)૛ + ૛
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [2, +λ[
ଶ
v. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + 2 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = െ , ORJR݂ QmRWHP]HURV
ଷ
vi. $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 1] HpHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP[1, +λ[
૛
ࢍ(࢞) = െ૜(࢞ െ ૛)૛ +
૜
ଶ
i. 9pUWLFHቀ2, ቁ (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬2
ଷ
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
ଶ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ቃെλ, ቃ
ଷ
ଶ ଶ ξଶ ξଶ
v. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ3(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = ֞‫ݔ‬െ2= ‫ݔש‬െ2=െ
ଷ ଽ ଷ ଷ
ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ
֞‫ = ݔ‬2+ ‫= ݔש‬2െ ORJR ݃ WHPGRLV]HURV2 + H2 െ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
vi. $IXQomR݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 2] HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[2, +λ[
૚
ࢎ(࢞) = (࢞ + ૞)૛ െ ૛
૛
i. 9pUWLFHെെ (L[RGHVLPHWULD‫ = ݔ‬െ5
iii. ‫ = ܦ‬Թ
iv. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ2, +λ[
ଵ
v. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ െ 2 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 5)ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 5 = െ2
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ7ORJR ݄ WHPGRLV]HURVെHെ
vi. $IXQomR݄ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ5] H pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP[െ5, +λ[

b)
58.
a) ݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ ݄)ଶ + ݇
&RPRRYpUWLFHGDSDUiERODTXHUHSUHVHQWDDIXQomRWHPFRRUGHQDGDV HQWmR
݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + 5&RPRRJUiILFRGDIXQomRFRQWpPRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV െHQWmR
ଵ
݂(െ1) = 3 ֞ ܽ(െ1 െ 1)ଶ + 5 = 3 ֞ 4ܽ = െ2 ֞ ܽ = െ
ଶ
ଵ
/RJR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + 5
ଶ
b) ݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ ݄)ଶ + ݇
&RPRRFRQWUDGRPtQLRGDIXQomRp[4, +λ[HQWmR݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ ݄)ଶ + 4
8PDYH]TXHRHL[RGHVLPHWULDGDSDUiERODTXHUHSUHVHQWDDIXQomRp‫ = ݔ‬െ2HQWmR
݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + 4 2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR LQWHUVHWD R HL[R GDV RUGHQDGDV QR SRQWR GH
FRRUGHQDGDV HQWmR
݂(0) = 8 ֞ ܽ(0 + 2)ଶ + 4 = 8 ֞ 4ܽ = 4 ֞ ܽ = 1
/RJR݂(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + 4
59.
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬6 െ 2(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = െ2(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + 6
9pUWLFH(െ1, 6)
b) ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ
9pUWLFH
c) ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 8
ି(ି଺) ଺
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH = =3
ଶ×ଵ ଶ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݂(3) = 3ଶ െ 6 × 3 + 8 = 9 െ 18 + 8 = െ1
9pUWLFHെ
d) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 12
ି(ିଵ଴) ଵ଴ ହ
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH = =
ଶ×ଶ ସ ଶ
ହ ହ ଶ ହ ଶହ ଵ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݂ ቀ ቁ=2×ቀ ቁ െ 10 × +12 = െ25 + 12 = െ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ହ ଵ
9pUWLFHቀ ,െ ቁ
ଶ ଶ

ଽ
e) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ
ସ
ି(ିଵ) ଵ
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =െ
ଶ×(ିଵ) ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଽ ଵ ଵ ଽ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݂ ቀെ ቁ = െ ቀെ ቁ െ ቀെ ቁ െ =െ + െ = െ2
ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ ସ
ଵ
9pUWLFHቀെ , െ2ቁ
ଶ
60.
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 6 െ 2(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ξ3 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 1 = െξ3
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 + ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 െ ξ3
2V]HURVGH݂ VmRെ1 + ξ3 Hെ1 െ ξ3
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 25 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5
2]HURGH݂ p
଺±ξଷ଺ିଷଶ ଺±ଶ
c) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 8 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬4‫= ݔש‬2
ଶ ଶ
2V]HURVGH݂ VmRH
ହ±ξଶହିଶସ ହ±ଵ
d) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 12 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬3‫= ݔש‬2
ଶ ଶ
2V]HURVGH݂ VmRH
ଽ ିସ±ξଵ଺ିଵସସ
e) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ = 0 ֞ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
ସ ଼
$IXQomR݂ QmRWHP]HURV
61. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ ݇

3DUDTXHDIXQomR݂ QmRWHQKD]HURVHQWmRȟ < 0
ଽ
ȟ < 0 ֞ 3ଶ െ 4 × (െ2) × ݇ < 0 ֞ 9 + 8݇ < 0 ֞ ݇ < െ
଼
62. 8PDUHWDSDUDOHODjUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬WHUiXPDHTXDomRGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ.

3UHWHQGH-VH HQWmR TXH D HTXDomR ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ = ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ ܾ = 0 WHQKD XPD ~QLFD
VROXomR3DUDLVVRDFRQWHFHUWHP-VHTXHȟ = 0.
ȟ = 0 ֞ (െ6)ଶ െ 4 × 1 × (െܾ) = 0 ֞ 36 + 4ܾ = 0 ֞ ܾ = െ9
(QWmR
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3
H
‫ = ݕ‬3ଶ െ 4 × 3 = 9 െ 12 = െ3
/RJR, DVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRSURFXUDGRVmRെ
63.
ିହ±ξଶହିଶସ ିହ±ଵ
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫ = ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬3
ିଶ ିଶ
$SDUiERODTXHUHSUHVHQWDDIXQomR݂ WHPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[R
$IXQomR݂ pSRVLWLYDHP]2, 3[ HpQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, 2[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[

b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ െ 6 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = ξ3 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 4 = െξ3
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 + ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬4 െ ξ3
$SDUiERODTXHUHSUHVHQWDDIXQomR݃ WHPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDFLPD
$IXQomR݃ pSRVLWLYDHP൧െλ, 4 െ ξ3ൣ ‫ ׫‬൧4 + ξ3, +λൣ HpQHJDWLYDHP൧4 െ ξ3, 4 + ξ3ൣ
64. 8PD YH] TXH p XP ]HUR GD IXQomR݂ H DV LPDJHQV GH H VmR DPEDV QHJDWLYDV HQWmR D
SDUiEROD TXH UHSUHVHQWD D IXQomR WHP D FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGD SDUD EDL[R H R RXWUR ]HUR GD
IXQomRp$VVLPDIXQomRpSRVLWLYDHP@ >HpQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, 1[ ‫] ׫‬7, +λ[
65.
a) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 15 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
8 ± ξ64 െ 60
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 15 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
8±2
֞‫=ݔ‬
2
֞‫ = ݔ‬5‫ = ݔש‬3
&6 [3, 5]
b) 3‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
3‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬3 െ ‫ = )ݔ‬0
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬3
&6 ]െλ, 0[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[

c) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ < ݔ‬14 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 14 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
5 ± ξ25 + 56
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 14 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
ହ±ଽ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬7 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
&6 ]2, 7[
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5 ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 5
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ5
&6 ൧െλ, െξ5൧ ‫ ׫‬ൣξ5, +λൣ

e) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ3 ± ξ9 െ 16
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
(TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ
&6 Թ
f) െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 4 > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0
ିଷ±ξଽିଵ଺
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
&6 ‫׎‬
g) ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 0
֞‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
&6 ^`
ଵ
h) െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ < 0
ସ
Cálculo auxiliar
1
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ = 0 ֞ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 0
4
1
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
ଵ
&6 Թ ‫ ך‬ቄ ቅ
ଶ
i) 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) െ 3 < െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ֞ ݔ‬2(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) െ 3 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 െ 3 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ < ݔ‬0
֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 7 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଵ±ξଵା଼ସ ଵ±ξ଼ହ
3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 7 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
଺ ଺
ିଵିξ଼ହ ିଵାξ଼ହ
&6 ቃ , ቂ
଺ ଺
66. ݄(‫ = )ݐ‬16 + 6‫ ݐ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ
a) ݄(0) = 16 + 6 × 0 െ 0ଶ = 16
$GLVWkQFLDGDYDUDQGDDRFKmRpPHWURV

ି଺±ξଷ଺ା଺ସ
b) ݄(‫ = )ݐ‬0 ֞ 16 + 6‫ ݐ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ െ‫ ݐ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݐ‬+ 16 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݐ‬
ିଶ
ି଺±ଵ଴
֞‫=ݐ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݐ‬8 ‫ = ݐ ש‬െ2
ିଶ
2IRJXHWHFKHJD DRFKmRDRILPGHVHJXQGRV
ି଺
c) $EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =3
ଶ × (ିଵ)
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݄(3) = 16 + 6 × 3 െ 3ଶ = 16 + 18 െ 9 = 25
2IRJXHWHDWLQJLXDDOWXUDPi[LPDVHJXQGRVDSyVWHUVLGRODQoDGR$DOWXUDPi[LPDDWLQJLGDIRL
PHWURV
d) ݄(‫ > )ݐ‬16 ֞ 16 + 6‫ ݐ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ > 16 ֞ 6‫ ݐ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ > 0 ֞ ‫] א ݐ‬0, 6[
Cálculo auxiliar
6‫ ݐ‬െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫(ݐ‬6 െ ‫ = )ݐ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݐ‬0 ‫ = ݐ ש‬6
2IRJXHWHHVWHYHDFLPDGRVPHWURVGXUDQWHVHJXQGRV
67. Opção (i): െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 8) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬8

଴ା଼
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =4
ଶ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHെ4ଶ + 8 × 4 = െ16 + 32 = 16 ് 12 DOWXUDPi[LPD
ଷ
Opção (ii): െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 24‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ 3‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 8) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬8
଼
଴ା଼
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =4
ଶ
ଷ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH െ × 4ଶ + 3 × 4 = െ6 + 12 = 6 ് 12 DOWXUDPi[LPD
଼
ଷ
Opção (iii): െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 24‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ 3‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 8) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬8
ସ
଴ା଼
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =4
ଶ
ଷ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHെ × 4ଶ + 6 × 4 = െ12 + 24 = 12 DOWXUDPi[LPD
ସ
/RJRDRSomRFRUUHWDpDRSomRLLL
68.
a) 2Q~PHURGHSHoDVTXHWRUQDROXFURQXORp െ H + SHoDV
b) 2VYDORUHVGH‫ ݔ‬TXHWRUQDPROXFURQHJDWLYRVmRRVSHUWHQFHQWHVD[0, 100[ ‫] ׫‬500, 600]
c) ‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ(ܮ‬െ 300)ଶ + 800
‫(ܮ‬0) = െ1000 ֞ ܽ × 300ଶ + 800 = െ1000
֞ 90000ܽ = െ1800
ଵ
֞ܽ=െ
ହ଴
ଵ
/RJR ‫ = )ݔ(ܮ‬െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 300)ଶ + 800
ହ଴
ଵ ଵ଴଴଴଴
d) ‫(ܮ‬200) = െ (200 െ 300)ଶ + 800 = െ + 800 = 600
ହ଴ ହ଴
4XDQGRVHYHQGHPSHoDVREWpP-VHXPOXFURGHHXURV

ଵ ଵ
e) ‫ = )ݔ(ܮ‬35 ֞ െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 300)ଶ + 800 = 350 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 300)ଶ = 450
ହ଴ ହ଴
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 300)ଶ = 22500
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 300 = 150 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 300 = െ150
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬450 ‫ = ݔ ש‬150
3DUDTXHROXFURVHMDHXURVGHYHPVHUYHQGLGDVSHoDVRXSHoDV
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5 se ‫ < ݔ‬0

69. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬൜
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
ଵ ଶ ଵ
a) ݂൫െξ2൯ + ݂ ቀ ቁ = ቂ൫െξ2൯ െ 5ቃ + ቀ2 × + 1ቁ = 2 െ 5 + 1 + 1 = െ1
ଶ ଶ
b) (P]െλ, 0[
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 5 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ5
0DVξ5 ‫] ב‬െλ, 0[ORJRDSHQDVെξ5 p]HURGDIXQomR݂
(P[0, +λ[
ଵ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଶ
ଵ
0DV െ ‫[ ב‬0, +λ[
ଶ
/RJR, DIXQomR݂ WHPDSHQDVXP]HURTXHpെξ5

c)
70. $ IXQomRܿଵ QmR HVWi FRUUHWD XPD YH] TXH DV XQLGDGHV GH WHPSR HVWmR HP PLQXWRV TXDQGR
GHYHULDPHVWDUHPVHJXQGRV
$IXQomRܿଶ QmRHVWiFRUUHWDXPDYH]TXHVHVHIDODUPDLVGHPLQXWRSDJD-VHFrQWLPRV
SRUFDGDVHJXQGRHQmRSRUFDGDVHJXQGRDFLPDGHPLQXWRDOpPGLVVRWDPEpPQmRLQFOXLR
SDJDPHQWRGRVSULPHLURVVHJXQGRV
$ IXQomRܿସ QmR HVWi FRUUHWD XPD YH] TXH VH VH IDODU PDLV GH PLQXWR QmR VH SDJDP RV
SULPHLURVVHJXQGRV$VVLPDIXQomRFRUUHWDpDܿଷ
71. 6H‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 2[ ݃(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + 1
ଵ
݃(2) = 9 ֞ ܽ(2 + 2)ଶ + 1 = 9 ֞ 16ܽ = 8 ֞ ܽ =
ଶ
ଵ
/RJR݃(‫= )ݔ‬ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + 1
ଶ
6H‫[ א ݔ‬2, +λ[ ݃(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 9
݃(5) = 0 ֞ ܽ(5 െ 2)ଶ + 9 = 0 ֞ 9ܽ = െ9 ֞ ܽ = െ1
/RJR݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 9
ଵ
(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
$VVLP݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ቊ ଶ
െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 9 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2
72.
a)
b) ݂(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 1

‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = [1, +λ[
$ IXQomR݂ QmR WHP ]HURV $ IXQomR݂ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 0] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
ଵ
݃(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬െ
ଶ
ଵ
‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ቂെ , +λቂ
ଶ
$ IXQomR݃ WHP GRLV ]HURV $ IXQomR݃ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 0] H p HVWULWDPHQWH

FUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
c) ݂(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 1 = ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬0
ଵ
ଵ
‫ݔ‬െ se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
ଶ
݃(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬െ = ൝ ଵ
ଶ
െ‫ ݔ‬െ se ‫ < ݔ‬0
ଶ
73.
a)
b)
݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 1|
‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = Թା଴
$ IXQomR݂ WHP XP ]HUR $ IXQomR݂ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, െ1] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[െ1, +λ[
ଵ
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ቚ‫ ݔ‬െ ቚ
ଶ
‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = Թା଴
ଵ
$ IXQomR݃ WHP XP ]HUR $ IXQomR݃ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HPቃെλ, ቃ H p HVWULWDPHQWH
ଶ
ଵ
FUHVFHQWHHPቂ , +λቂ
ଶ
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ1

c) ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 1| = ቄ =ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 0 െ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬െ1
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ଵ
‫ݔ‬െ se ‫ ݔ‬െ ൒ 0 ‫ݔ‬െ se ‫ ݔ‬൒
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ቚ‫ ݔ‬െ ቚ = ൝ ଵ ଵ =൝ ଵ ଵ
ଶ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ se ‫ ݔ‬െ < 0 െ‫ ݔ‬+ se ‫< ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

74.
a)
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2|‫|ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = Թା଴

$ IXQomR݂ WHP XP ]HUR $ IXQomR݂ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 0] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2|‫|ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = Թି଴
$ IXQomR݃ WHP XP ]HUR $ IXQomR݃ p HVWULWDPHQWH FUHVFHQWH HP ]െλ, 0] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
ଵ
݄(‫= )ݔ‬ |‫|ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௛ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = Թା଴
ଷ
$ IXQomR݄ WHP XP ]HUR $ IXQomR݄ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 0] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[0, +λ[
ଵ
2‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 െ2‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 ଵ
‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
c) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2|‫ = |ݔ‬ቄ ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2|‫ = |ݔ‬ቄ ݄(‫ = |ݔ| = )ݔ‬ቐ ଷ ଵ
െ2‫ ݔ‬se ‫ < ݔ‬0 2‫ ݔ‬se ‫ < ݔ‬0 ଷ
െ ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ < ݔ‬0
ଷ
75.
a)
ଵ
b) ݂(‫= )ݔ‬ |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| + 1 ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = [1, +λ[
ହ
$IXQomR݂ QmRWHP]HURV $IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ2] HpHVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP[െ2, +λ[
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2|‫ ݔ‬െ 3| െ 4 ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െλ, െ4]
$ IXQomR݃ QmR WHP ]HURV $ IXQomR݃ p HVWULWDPHQWH FUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 3] H p HVWULWDPHQWH
GHFUHVFHQWHHP[3, +λ[
ଵ ଵ ଻
ଵ
(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) + 1 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ൒ 0 ‫ݔ‬+ se ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ2
ହ ହ ହ
c) ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 2| + 1 = ൝ଵ =ቐ ଵ ଷ
ହ
(െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + 1 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 < 0 െ ‫ݔ‬+ se ‫ < ݔ‬െ2
ହ ହ ହ
െ2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) െ 4 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ൒ 0 െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 3

݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2|‫ ݔ‬െ 3| െ 4 = ൜ =ቄ
െ2(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) െ 4 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 < 0 2‫ ݔ‬െ 10 se ‫ < ݔ‬3
76. ‫ ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬െ ܾ| + ܿ

ଶ
a) 2PtQLPRDEVROXWRGDIXQomRpHpDWLQJLGRHP $VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPD
ଷ
ଶ
H[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ ܽ = ݕ‬ቚ‫ ݔ‬െ ቚ8PDYH]TXH pXPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
ଷ
2 2
2 = ܽ ฬ0 െ ฬ ֞ 2 = ܽ ֞ ܽ = 3
3 3
ଶ
/RJRܽ = 3, ܾ = Hܿ = 0
ଷ
b) 2PtQLPRDEVROXWRGDIXQomRpHpDWLQJLGRHP$VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPD
H[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ |ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬+ 28PDYH]TXH pXPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
3 = ܽ|1| + 2 ֞ 3 = ܽ + 2 ֞ ܽ = 1
/RJRܽ = 1, ܾ = 0 Hܿ = 2
c) 2PtQLPRDEVROXWRGDIXQomRpെHpDWLQJLGRHP$VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPD
ଷ
H[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬െ 6| െ 38PDYH]TXHቀ , 0ቁ pXPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
ଶ
ଷ ଽ ଶ
0 = ܽ ቚ െ 6ቚ െ3 ֞ 3 = ܽ֞ܽ=
ଶ ଶ ଷ
ଶ
/RJRܽ = , ܾ = 6 Hܿ = െ3
ଷ
d) 2Pi[LPRDEVROXWR GDIXQomRpHpDWLQJLGRHPെ$VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPD
H[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬+ 4| + 58PDYH]TXH(0, 0) pXPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
5
0 = ܽ|0 + 4| + 5 ֞ െ5 = 4ܽ ֞ ܽ = െ
4
ହ
/RJRܽ = െ, ܾ = െ4 Hܿ = 5
ସ
77.
a) 2Pi[LPRDEVROXWRGDIXQomRpHpDWLQJLGRHP
$VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPDH[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬െ 1| + 5
8PDYH]TXH(െ1, 3) pXPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
3 = ܽ|െ1 െ 1| + 5 ֞ െ2 = 2ܽ ֞ ܽ = െ1
/RJR‫ = ݕ‬െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 5
b) 2 FRQWUDGRPtQLR GD IXQomRp[െ4, +λ[ ORJR DIXQomR WHP PtQLPR DEVROXWRെ (VVH PtQLPR p
DWLQJLGRHPെGHDFRUGRFRPDPRQRWRQLDGDIXQomR
$VVLPDIXQomRSRGHVHUGHILQLGDSRUXPDH[SUHVVmRGRWLSR‫ ݔ|ܽ = ݕ‬+ 1| െ 4
8PDYH]TXH(െ3, 0) p XPSRQWRGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR
0 = ܽ|െ3 + 1| െ 4 ֞ 4 = 2ܽ ֞ ܽ = 2
/RJR‫ = ݕ‬2|‫ ݔ‬+ 1| െ 4
78
a) |‫ = |ݔ‬6 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬6 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ6
&6 ^െ`
b) 2|‫ = |ݔ‬6 ֞ |‫ = |ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
&6 ^െ`
c) 2 + |‫ = |ݔ‬6 ֞ |‫ = |ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ4
&6 ^െ`

79
a) |‫ < |ݔ‬6 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬6 ‫ > ݔ ר‬െ6
&6 ]െ6, 6[
b) |‫ |ݔ‬൒ 6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 6 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ െ6
&6 ]െλ, െ6] ‫[ ׫‬6, +λ[
c) െ3 + |‫ > |ݔ‬6 ֞ |‫ > |ݔ‬9 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬9 ‫ < ݔ ש‬െ9
&6 ]െλ, െ9[ ‫] ׫‬9, +λ[
d) െ3|‫ |ݔ‬൒ െ6 ֞ 3|‫ |ݔ‬൑ 6 ֞ |‫ |ݔ‬൑ 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ െ2
&6 [െ2, 2]
80
a) |‫ ݔ‬െ 1| = 3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 3 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 1 = െ3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
&6 ^െ`
b) |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| + 3 = 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| = െ3 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHO
&6 ‫׎‬
c) 5 + |‫ > |ݔ‬െ1 ֞ |‫ > |ݔ‬െ6 &RQGLomRXQLYHUVDO
&6 Թ
d) 8 + |‫ > |ݔ‬8 ֞ |‫ > |ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬0 ‫ < ݔ ש‬0
&6 Թ ‫{ ך‬0}
e) |2‫ ݔ‬െ 1| െ 5 < 0 ֞ |2‫ ݔ‬െ 1| < 5 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 5 ‫ ר‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 > െ5 ֞ 2‫ < ݔ‬6 ‫ ר‬2‫ > ݔ‬െ4
֞ ‫ < ݔ‬3 ‫ > ݔ ר‬െ2
&6 ]െ2, 3[
f) |1 െ 4‫ |ݔ‬൒ 3 ֞ 1 െ 4‫ ݔ‬൒ 3 ‫ ש‬1 െ 4‫ ݔ‬൑ െ3 ֞ െ4‫ ݔ‬൒ 2 ‫ ש‬െ4‫ ݔ‬൑ െ4 ֞ 4‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 ‫ ש‬4‫ ݔ‬൒ 4
ଵ
֞‫ݔ‬൑െ ‫ ݔש‬൒1
ଶ
ଵ
&6 ቃെλ, െ ቃ ‫[ ׫‬1, +λ[
ଶ
g) 3 + |‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൑ 3 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൑ 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 2 ൒ 0

֞‫ ݔ‬൑2‫ ݔר‬൒2
֞‫=ݔ‬2
&6 ^`
ଵ ଵ
h) െ |2‫ < |ݔ‬1 ֞ |2‫ > |ݔ‬െ1 ֞ |2‫ > |ݔ‬െ3 &RQGLomRXQLYHUVDO
ଷ ଷ
&6 Թ
81.
a) |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| = |‫ ݔ‬െ 5| ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 = െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5
֞ 0‫ݔ‬
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ
= ᇧᇥ
െ2 ‫ ש‬2‫ = ݔ‬8
୉୯. ୧୫୮୭ୱୱÀ୴ୣ୪
֞‫=ݔ‬4
&6 ^`

b) |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| ൒ |‫ ݔ‬െ 4| ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ ൒ (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16
֞ 10‫ ݔ‬൒ 15
ଷ
֞‫ݔ‬൒
ଶ
ଷ
&6 ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ
c) |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ = |ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 3‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0
ଷ±ξଽାଵ଺ ଷ±ξଽିଵ଺ ଷ±ହ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫ש‬ ‫=ݔ‬ ᇣᇧᇤ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ ଶᇧᇥ ଶ
୉୯.୧୫୮୭ୱୱÀ୴ୣ୪ ୣ୫ Թ
&6 ^െ`
d) |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3| െ 1 < 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3| < 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3 < 1 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 3 > െ1
֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 < 0 ‫ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 2 > 0
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ2
&6 ൧െ2, െξ2ൣ ‫ ׫‬൧ξ2, 2ൣ
82
a)
‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [0, +λ[

b)
‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [0, +λ[
c)
‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [0, 4]

83݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ݇
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ െ 2
$SDUiERODTXHUHSUHVHQWDDIXQomRWHPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[R$IXQomRWHPPi[LPR
െ/RJR‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = ]െλ, െ2]
b) 2FRQWUDGRPtQLRGH|݂(‫ |)ݔ‬pGLIHUHQWHGH[0, +λ[ VHDIXQomR݂ QmRWLYHU]HURV6Hܽ SDUDTXH
DIXQomR݂ QmRWHQKD]HURVWHPGHVHWHU݇ 6Hܽ !SDUDTXHDIXQomR݂ QmRWHQKD]HURV
WHPGHVHWHU݇ !$VVLPQRFDVRGHܽ H݇ WHUHPR PHVPRVLQDORFRQWUDGRPtQLRGH|݂(‫ |)ݔ‬p
GLIHUHQWHGH[0, +λ[.
84
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 3
‫ܦ‬௙ = [െ3, +λ[

b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
‫ܦ‬௚ = [0, +λ[

ଵ
c) ݄(‫= )ݔ‬ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 + 5
ଷ
‫ܦ‬௛ = [4, +λ[
85. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬5‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1

‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ
ଵ
‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 > 0} = ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = ቄ‫ א ݔ‬ቂ , +λቂ : ݃(‫ א )ݔ‬Թቅ = ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ଶ
݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ(݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂൫ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1൯ = 5ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ 1

ଵ ଷ
‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௚ ൟ = ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݂(‫ א )ݔ‬ቂ , +λቂቅ = ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ଵ଴
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଷ
݂(‫ א )ݔ‬ቂ , +λቂ ֞ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ൒ ֞ 5‫ ݔ‬൒ ֞‫ݔ‬൒
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଵ଴
݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ(݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(5‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ) = ඥ2(5‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ) െ 1 = ξ10‫ ݔ‬െ 2 െ 1 = ξ10‫ ݔ‬െ 3
86.
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬ξെ‫ݔ‬ Cálculo auxiliar
‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: െ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0} = Թି଴ െ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0

b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬
‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0} = ]െλ, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬0, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1) = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
c) ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1
ଶ
‫ܦ‬௛ = ൝‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ݔ‬
ᇣᇧ ᇧᇤᇧ
+1൒ᇧᇥ
0 ൡ=Թ
େ୭୬ୢ୧ ୭ ୳୬୧୴ୣ୰ୱୟ୪
d) ‫ܦ‬௜ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݅(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0} = ]െλ, െ1] ‫{ ׫‬2}
87.
ସ ଷ௏ య ଷ௏
a) ܸ =
ଷ
ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଷ ֞ 3ܸ = 4ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଷ ֞ ‫ ݎ‬ଷ = ֞‫=ݎ‬ ට
ସగ ସగ
௏ య ௏
b) ܸ = ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ × 2‫ = ܸ ֞ ݎ‬2ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଷ ֞ ‫ ݎ‬ଷ = ֞‫=ݎ‬ ට
ଶగ ଶగ
88.
య
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬ξെ‫ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ
య
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 + 4 ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ
b)
య
$IXQomR݂ REWpP-VHGDUHSUHVHQWDomRJUiILFDGDIXQomR‫ = ݕ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬VHJXQGRXPDUHIOH[mRGHHL[R
య
ܱ‫ ݕ‬$ IXQomR݃ REWpP-VH GD UHSUHVHQWDomR JUiILFD GD IXQomR‫ = ݕ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬VHJXQGR XPD GLODWDomR
YHUWLFDOGHFRHILFLHQWHVHJXLGDGHXPDWUDQVODomRGHYHWRU
89. ‫ܦ‬௜ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݅(‫ ് )ݔ‬0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬െ1,2}

య య
90. ݄(‫ = )ݐ‬0 ֞ 2 െ ξ‫ = ݐ‬0 ֞ ξ‫ = ݐ‬2 ֞ ‫ = ݐ‬2ଷ ֞ ‫ = ݐ‬8
$VVLPRUHVHUYDWyULRILFDYD]LRjVKRUDV
91.
a) ξ3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 1
֜ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 1ଶ
֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬2 + 1
֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1
Verificação:
ξ3 × 1 െ 2 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ3 െ 2 െ 1 = 0 ֞ 1 െ 1 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p
VROXomRGDHTXDomR
&6 ^`

b) ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 + ‫ = ݔ‬2 ֞ ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
֜ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 8 = 0
଺±ξଷ଺ିଷଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
଺±ଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬4‫= ݔש‬2
Verificação:
6H ‫ = ݔ‬4 HQWmR ξ2 × 4 െ 4 + 4 = 2 ֞ ξ8 െ 4 + 4 = 2 ֞ ξ4 + 4 = 2 ֞ 6 = 2 TXH p XPD
SURSRVLomRIDOVDORJRQmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
6H ‫ = ݔ‬2 HQWmR ξ2 × 2 െ 4 + 2 = 2 ֞ ξ4 െ 4 + 2 = 2 ֞ ξ0 + 2 = 2 ֞ 2 = 2 TXH p XPD
SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
&6 ^`
c) ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 െ ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 1
֜ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 3‫ ݔ‬+ 1
֞ െ‫ = ݔ‬5
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5
Verificação:
ξ2 × 5 െ 4 െ ξ3 × 5 + 1 = 0 ֞ ξ6 െ ξ16 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD ORJR െ QmR p
VROXomRGDHTXDomR
&6 ‫׎‬
d) ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + 1
ଶ
֜ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = ൫ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + 1൯
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + 2ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + 1

֞ 2ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3
֜ 4(2‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ
֞ 8‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 14‫ ݔ‬+ 13 = 0
ଵସ±ξଵଽ଺ିହଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ଵସ±ଵଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬14 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
Verificação:
6H ‫ = ݔ‬14 HQWmR ξ14 + 3 െ ξ2 × 14 െ 1 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ17 െ ξ27 െ 1 = 0, TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR
IDOVDORJRQmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
6H ‫ = ݔ‬1 HQWmR ξ1 + 3 െ ξ2 × 1 െ 1 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ4 െ ξ1 െ 1 = 0 ֞ 2 െ 1 െ 1 = 0, TXH p XPD
&6 ^`

92.
a)
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3 െ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 3

֜ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 3ଶ
֞‫ = ݔ‬9െ2
֞‫=ݔ‬7
Verificação:
3 െ ξ7 + 2 = 0 ֞ 3 െ ξ9 = 0 ֞ 3 െ 3 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p VROXomR
GDHTXDomR$IXQomR݂ WHPXP]HUR
c) ݂(‫ ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬3 െ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ݔ‬
$VVROXo}HVGDHTXDomRVmR‫ ݔ‬ൎ െ0,4 H‫ ݔ‬ൎ 4,1

8PD YH] TXH D UHSUHVHQWDomR JUiILFD GD IXQomR ݃ p XPD SDUiEROD H TXH D IXQomR ݂ p
HVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP>െλ>DVGXDVVROXo}HVHQFRQWUDGDVVmRDV~QLFDVVROXo}HVGD
HTXDomR
93.
a) ‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 ൒ 0} = [4, +λ[
ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 െ 1 ൒ 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 ൒ 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 ൒ 1 ‫ = ݕ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 pXPDIXQomRFUHVFHQWH
֞‫ݔ‬൒5
/RJR&6 [4, +λ[ ‫[ ת‬5, +λ[ = [5, +λ[
ଷ
b) ‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൒ 0} = ቂെ , +λቂ
ଶ
ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 < 2 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 < 4 ‫ = ݕ‬ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 pXPDIXQomRFUHVFHQWH

ଵ
֞ 2‫ < ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫< ݔ‬
ଶ
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ
/RJR&6 ቂെ ଶ , +λቂ ‫ת‬ ቃെλ, ଶቂ = ቂെ ଶ , ଶቂ

94.
ଵ
a) ݂(‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 pXPDIXQomRSROLQRPLDO
ଶ
ଵ
b) ݃(‫= )ݔ‬ +1 QmRpXPDIXQomRSROLQRPLDO
ଶ௫
భ
c) ݄(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬మ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 QmRpXPDIXQomRSROLQRPLDO
d) ݅(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 p XPDIXQomRSROLQRPLDO
e) ݆(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ2‫ ଻ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 1 pXPDIXQomRSROLQRPLDO
95.
a) ¬VKRUDVGHFRUUHUDPKRUDVGHVGHDVKRUDV
ܲ(2) = െ2ଷ + 6 × 2ଶ + 15 × 2 = െ8 + 24 + 30 = 46
2WUDEDOKDGRUSURGX]LXOLWURVGHJHODGR
b) ܲ(1) = െ1ଷ + 6 × 1ଶ + 15 × 1 = െ1 + 6 + 15 = 20
ܲ(2) െ ܲ(1) = 46 െ 20 = 26
(QWUHDVKRUDVHDVKRUDVRWUDEDOKDGRUSURGX]LXOLWURVGHJHODGR
96.
a) ݂(െ2) = 4 × (െ2)ଷ + 8 × (െ2)ଶ െ (െ2) െ 2 = െ32 + 32 + 2 െ 2 = 0
/RJRെpXP]HURGDIXQomR݂
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2
െ1 െ
െ െ
െ1
ଵ ଵ ଵ
4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬െ
ସ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
/RJRRVRXWURV]HURVGH݂ VmR Hെ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
c) $VVLP݂(‫ = )ݔ‬4(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ
ଶ ଶ
97.
a) ݂(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 1, SRUH[HPSOR
b) ݂(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 1SRUH[HPSOR
c) ݂(‫ ݔ(ݔ = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬SRUH[HPSOR
98.
ଵ
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ5‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ െ5‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ହ
ଵ
2]HURGH݂ p
ହ
ଵ±ξଵାସ଼ ଵ±଻ ସ
b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
଺ ଺ ଷ
ସ
2V]HURVGH݃ VmR Hെ
ଷ
య య
c) ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 24 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 24 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ24 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2ξ3
య
2]HURGH݄ p2ξ3
d) ݅(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 16‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16) = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ש‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 16 = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = 16
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ4
2V]HURVGH݅ VmRHെ
݆(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 8‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 1 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ െ
െ െ
െ െ1
െ
െ1
ଵ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ݔ ש‬ଶ =
ଶ
ξଶ ξଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬ ‫=ݔש‬െ
ଶ ଶ
ξଶ ξଶ
2V]HURVGH݆ VmR Hെ
ଶ ଶ
99.
a) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 0] ‫[ ׫‬3, +λ[
b) ݃(‫ < )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 0[ ‫] ׫‬1, 3[
c) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ ݃(‫[ א ݔ ֞ )ݔ‬0, 2] ‫[ ׫‬3, +λ[
d) ݂(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) < 0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െ4, െ1[
100.
a) (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6) > 0
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1
5 ± ξ25 െ 24
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
5±1
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬3
2
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 +λ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + െ െ െ െ െ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 + + + െ +
(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6) + െ + െ
&6 ]െλ, 1[ ‫] ׫‬2, 3[

b) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ 0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ൑ 0
1 െ
1 െ
െ
െ3 ± ξ9 + 16
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
4
െ3 ± 5 1
֞ ‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫= ݔ ש‬
4 2
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ 1 1 +λ
2
‫ݔ‬െ1 െ െ െ െ െ +
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + െ + + +
2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2 െ + െ +
ଵ
&6 ]െλ, െ2] ‫ ׫‬ቂ , 1ቃ
ଶ
c) ‫ < ݔ‬27‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ‬െ 27‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଷ െ 27) < 0

ସ ସ
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 27 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 27 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3
‫ݔ‬ െλ +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ + + +
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 27 െ െ െ +
‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 27‫ݔ‬ + െ +
&6 ]0, 3[
d) െ‫ ݔ‬ହ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ (െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2) ൒ 0

Cálculo auxiliar
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ2
‫ݔ‬ െλ െξ2 ξ2 +λ
‫ݔ‬ଷ െ െ െ + + +
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 െ + + + െ
െ‫ ݔ‬ହ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + െ + െ
&6 ൧െλ, െξ2൧ ‫ ׫‬ൣ0, ξ2൧
101.
a) ݂(0) = 3 × 0ଶ + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2
భ భ ଶ
݂ ቀ2మ ቁ = 3 × ቀ2మ ቁ + 2 = 3 × 2 + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8
݃(12) = ξ12 = 2ξ3

݃(െ5) = െ5 + 1 = െ4
య
݄(െ8) = ξെ8 = െ2
݄(1) QmRHVWiGHILQLGR

b)
102.
a)
ଶ ଶ ଶ
b) ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6| = ൜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶെ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 se ‫ ݔ‬ଶെ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൒ 0 = ൜‫ ݔ‬െଶ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 se ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 3
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 < 0 െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 se 2 < ‫ < ݔ‬3
Cálculo auxiliar
5 ± ξ25 െ 24
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
5±1
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬3
2
103.
ଶ ଶ ଶ
a) ݃(‫| = )ݔ‬9 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ | = ൜ 9 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶse 9 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ൒ 0 = ൜ 9 െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ se െ 3 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3
െ9 + ‫ ݔ‬se 9 െ ‫ < ݔ‬0 െ9 + ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ < ݔ‬െ3 ‫ > ݔ ש‬3
Cálculo auxiliar
9 െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 9
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
b)

Unidade 6 – Operações algébricas com funções
Páginas 134 a 139
104.
a) (݂ + ݃)(0) = ݂(0) + ݃(0) = 0ଶ + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3
(݂ െ ݃)(1) = ݂(1) െ ݃(1) = 1ଶ െ 2 = 1 െ 2 = െ1
b) ݃ pXPDIXQomRDILPORJRpGRWLSR݃(‫ ݔܽ = )ݔ‬+ ܾ
ଷିଶ
ܽ= = െ‫ݔ‬
଴ିଵ
&RPR SHUWHQFHDRJUiILFRGDIXQomRHQWmRܾ
/RJR݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3
L ‫ܦ‬௙ା௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫ ת‬Թ = Թ
(݂ + ݃)(‫ )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬+ ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3
LL ‫ܦ‬௙ି௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫ ת‬Թ = Թ
(݂ െ ݃)(‫ )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬െ ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 3
LLL ‫ܦ‬௙×௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫ ת‬Թ = Թ
(݂ × ݃)(‫ ݔ = )ݔ(݃ × )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬ଶ (െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ
105. ‫ܦ‬೑ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ ת‬൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ ് )ݔ‬0ൟ = [െ1, +λ[ ‫ ת‬൛‫ א ݔ‬Թା଴ : ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ് 0ൟ = Թା଴ ‫{ ך‬4}
೒
‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 0} = [െ1, +λ[

‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0} = [0, +λ[ = Թା଴
Cálculo auxiliar
ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ = ݔ‬2 ֜ ‫ = ݔ‬4
Verificação:
ξ4 െ 2 = 0 ֞ 2 െ 2 = 0, TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
106.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = ]െλ, 4]
‫ܦ‬௚ = [െ6, 6]
b) (݂ + ݃)(0) = ݂(0) + ݃(0) = 2 + 1 = 3
(݂ × ݃)(2) = ݂(2) × ݃(2) = 6 × 0 = 0
௙ ௙(ସ) ଺
ቀ ቁ (4) = = = െ6
௚ ௚(ସ) ିଵ
௙
ቀ ቁ (6) QmRHVWiGHILQLGDSRLVQmRSHUWHQFHDRGRPtQLRGH݂
௚
݂ ଷ (െ10) = (െ2)ଷ = െ8
భ
݃మ (െ6) = ξ1 = 1
c) ‫ܦ‬௙ା௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = ]െλ, 4] ‫[ ת‬െ6, 6] = [െ6, 4]
‫ܦ‬௙×௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = ]െλ, 4] ‫[ ת‬െ6, 6] = [െ6, 4]
‫ܦ‬೑ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ ת‬൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ ് )ݔ‬0ൟ = ]െλ, 4] ‫[ א ݔ{ ת‬െ6, 6]: ‫ ് ݔ‬2} = [െ6, 4] ‫{ ך‬2}
೒
‫ܦ‬೒ = ݃ ‫ ת‬൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ ് )ݔ‬0ൟ = [െ6, 6] ‫] ת‬െλ, 4] = [െ6, 4]

೑

‫ܦ‬௙య = ‫ܦ‬௙ = ]െλ, 4]
‫ܦ‬ భ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ : ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0ൟ = [0, 4]
௙మ
‫ܦ‬ భ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0ൟ = [െ6, 2]

௚మ
107.
భ ௙
a) ݄(െ1) + ݄(1) + ݄(4) = (݂ + ݃)(െ1) + ݂ య (1) + ቀ ቁ (4)
௚
య
௙(ସ)
= ݂(െ1) + ݃(െ1) + ඥ݂(1) +
௚(ସ)
య ଶ×ସ
= 2 × (െ1) + (െ1)ଶ + 1 + ξ2 × 1 +
ସమ ାଵ
య ଼
= െ2 + 1 + 1 + ξ2 +
ଵ଻
య ଼
= ξ2 +
ଵ଻
(݂ + ݃)(‫ )ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1
‫ۓ‬ భ
య
b) ݄(‫ )ݔ( ݂ = )ݔ‬se െ 1 < ‫ < ݔ‬4 = ቐ ξ2‫ ݔ‬se െ 1 < ‫ < ݔ‬4
య
‫۔‬ ௙ ଶ௫
se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 4
‫ ە‬ቀ௚ቁ (‫ )ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 4 ௫ మ ାଵ
c)
108.
‫ ݔ‬െ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0
‫ ݔ‬െ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2
a) ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬െ 2| = ൝ =ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 < 0
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬൜ ξ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2 /RJR(݂ + ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬൜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2 = ൜ξ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬2 െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬2 3 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
b) 6H‫[ א ݔ‬2, +λ[HQWmR
(݂ + ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0
֞ ξ‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
֜ ‫( = ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ = ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0
ହ±ξଶହିଵ଺
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ହ±ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫ = ݔ‬4‫= ݔש‬1
2UD1 ‫[ ב‬2, +λ[ORJRQmRSRGHVHUXP]HURGDIXQomR

6H‫ = ݔ‬4, HQWmRξ4 + 4 െ 2 = 0 ֞ 2 + 4 െ 2 = 0 ֞ 4 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD ORJR
QmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomRHSRUWDQWRQmRp]HURGDIXQomR
/RJRDIXQomRQmRWHP]HURVQRLQWHUYDOR[2, +λ[
6H‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 2[ HQWmR(݂ + ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 3 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD ORJR D IXQomR QmR
WHP]HURVQRLQWHUYDOR]െλ, 2[
$VVLPDIXQomR݂ + ݃ QmRWHP]HURV
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 140 a 150
1. 2V SRQWRV H SHUWHQFHP DR JUiILFR GD IXQomR $VVLP R GHFOLYH GD UHWD TXH
UHSUHVHQWDDIXQomRp
଴ି଼ ି଼
= = െ2
ଵି(ିଷ) ସ
$~QLFDRSomRTXHUHSUHVHQWDXPDIXQomRDILPHPTXHRFRHILFLHQWHGH‫ ݔ‬p pDRSomR&

(Opção C)
2. $ IXQomR݃ p UHSUHVHQWDGD JUDILFDPHQWH SRU XPD UHWD GH GHFOLYH QHJDWLYR (VVD UHWD LQWHUVHWD
REULJDWRULDPHQWHRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬QXP~QLFRSRQWRSHORTXHDIXQomRWHPXP~QLFR]HUR
(Opção B)
ଶ±ξସାଵଶ
3. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
ଶ±ସ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ
$VVLPDIXQomR ݃ LQWHUVHWDRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬HPGRLVSRQWRV
ଷିଵ
$ UHWD GH HTXDomR ‫= ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 p R HL[R GH VLPHWULD GD SDUiEROD TXH UHSUHVHQWD
ଶ
JUDILFDPHQWHDIXQomR
$IXQomR݃ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHQRLQWHUYDOR>f>SHORTXHHPSDUWLFXODUpHVWULWDPHQWH
FUHVFHQWHHP>@݃(1) = 1ଶ െ 2 × 1 െ 3 = 1 െ 2 െ 3 = െ4
/RJR‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = [െ4, +λ[SHORTXHSHUWHQFHDRFRQWUDGRPtQLRGH݃
(Opção D)
4. 4XDOTXHU IXQomR TXDGUiWLFD LQWHUVHWD QHFHVVDULDPHQWH R HL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬Mi TXH VHUi VHPSUH SRVVtYHO
GHWHUPLQDUDLPDJHPGH
(Opção D)
5. $SDUiERODWHPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[RSHORTXHܽ $DEFLVVDGRYpUWLFHpQHJDWLYD

SHORTXH݄ $RUGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHpSRVLWLYDSHORTXH݇ !
(Opção D)
6. 6Hܽ < HQWmR D UHWD TXH UHSUHVHQWD D IXQomR WHP GHFOLYH QHJDWLYR SHOR TXH RX p D UHWD
௕
UHSUHVHQWDGDQDRSomR%RXQDRSomR' 6H > 0HQWmRܾ ORJRDRSomRFRUUHWDpDRSomR'
௔
(Opção D)

7. 3DUDTXHDIXQomRQmRWHQKD]HURVUHDLV
ο < 0 ֞ 4ଶ െ 4 × (െ1) × ݇ < 0 ֞ 16 + 4݇ < 0 ֞ 4݇ < െ16 ֞ ݇ < െ4
2XVHMD݇ ‫] א‬െλ, െ4[
(Opção B)
ି௔
8. $DEFLVVDGRYpUWLFHp = 2 ֞ െܽ = 8 ֞ ܽ = െ8
ସ
$RUGHQDGDGRYpUWLFHp
݂(2) = െ2 ֞ 2 × 2ଶ െ 8 × 2 െ ܾ = െ2 ֞ 8 െ 16 െ ܾ = െ2 ֞ െܾ = 6 ֞ ܾ = െ6
(Opção A)
9.
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 1 +λ
1 െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ +
݂(‫)ݔ‬ + + + +
݃(‫)ݔ‬ + + +
݃(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ3] ‫[ ׫‬െ1, 4]
(Opção B)
10. $ SDUiEROD TXH UHSUHVHQWD D IXQomR WHP FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGD SDUD EDL[R /RJR H[FOXL-VH D
RSomR$
1DVUHVWDQWHVRSo}HVDDELVVDGRYpUWLFHGDSDUiERODp
1DRSomR%WHP-VHTXH݂(6) = 12PDVDDOWXUDPi[LPDDWLQJLGDSHORSURMpWLOpPHWURVSHOR
TXHVHH[FOXLHVWDRSomR
1D RSomR &݂(12) = െ0,5 × (12 െ 6)ଶ + 72 = 54 0DV R SURMpWLO FDL D PHWURV GD EDVH GH
ODQoDPHQWR$VVLPH[FOXL-VHWDPEpPHVWDRSomR
(Opção D)
11. $IXQomRWHPXPPtQLPRDEVROXWRORJRDSDUiERODTXHDUHSUHVHQWDWHPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGD
SDUDFLPD 6H݂ ݂ HQWmRD HTXDomR݂ x WHPXPDVROXomRPHQRUTXH H
RXWUDVROXomRPDLRUTXH
$ LQHTXDomR݂ x WHUi FRPR FRQMXQWR-VROXomR XP LQWHUYDOR FXMRV H[WUHPRV VmR HVVDV
GXDVVROXo}HV
2~QLFRLQWHUYDORQHVWDVFRQGLo}HVpRUHSUHVHQWDGRQDRSomR%
(Opção B)
12. ݂(‫ ݔ( ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ െ 4 = ܽ‫ ݔ‬െ 4

֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ ܽ‫ = ݔ‬0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (െ2 െ ܽ)‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0
3DUDTXHHVWDHTXDomRWHQKDDSHQDVXPDVROXomR
(െ2 െ ܽ)ଶ െ 4 × 1 × 1 = 0 ֞ 4 + 4ܽ + ܽଶ െ 4 = 0
֞ ܽଶ + 4ܽ = 0
֞ ܽ(ܽ + 4) = 0
֞ ܽ = 0 ‫ = ܽ ש‬െ4
(Opção A)

13.
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 +λ
݂(‫)ݔ‬ + + +
݃(‫)ݔ‬ + + +
݄(‫)ݔ‬ +
$RSomRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDHVWHTXDGURGHVLQDLVpD&
(Opção C)
14. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 4 െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 4

֜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9‫ ݔ‬+ 18 = 0
ଽ±ξ଼ଵି଻ଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ଽ±ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫ = ݔ‬6‫= ݔש‬3
Verificação:
6H ‫ = ݔ‬6 HQWmR 4 െ 6 + ξ6 െ 2 = 0 ֞ െ2 + ξ4 = 0 ֞ െ2 + 2 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUDORJRpXP]HURGDIXQomR݂
6H ‫ = ݔ‬3 HQWmR 4 െ 3 + ξ3 െ 2 = 0 ֞ 1 + ξ1 = 0 ֞ 1 + 1 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD
ORJRQmRpXP]HURGDIXQomR݂
(Opção C)
15. ‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1| െ 1 ൒ 0}

|‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1| െ 1 ൒ 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1| ൒ 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 ൒ 1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 1 ൑ െ1
֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 2 ൒ 0 ‫ݔ ש‬ଶ ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ2
&6 ൧െλ, െξ2൧ ‫ ׫‬ൣξ2, +λൣ ‫{ ׫‬0}

(Opção A)
16.
a) ‫ܦ‬೑ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ ת‬൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ ് )ݔ‬0ൟ = ]െλ, 3] ‫ ת‬൛‫ א ݔ‬Թା଴ ‫ ׷‬2 െ ξ2‫ ് ݔ‬0ൟ = [0,3] ‫{ ך‬2}
೒
‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 6 െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0} = ]െλ, 3]
Cálculo auxiliar
6 െ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬൒ െ6 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3
‫ܦ‬௚ = Թା଴

Cálculo auxiliar
2 െ ξ2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ξ2‫ = ݔ‬2 ֜ 2‫ = ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
Verificação:
2 െ ξ2 × 2 = 0 ֞ 2 െ ξ4 = 0 ֞ 2 െ 2 = 0TXH pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRpVROXomRGD
HTXDomR
(Opção C)
b) (݃ ‫()݂ ל‬1) = ݃൫݂(1)൯ = ݃൫ξ6 െ 2 × 1൯ = ݃൫ξ4൯ = ݃(2) = 2 െ ξ2 × 2 = 0
௙ ௙(ଵ) ξ଺ିଶ×ଵ ξସ ଶ ଶାξଶ ସାଶξଶ ସାଶξଶ

ቀ௚ቁ (1) = = = = × = = = 2 + ξ2
௚(ଵ) ଶିξଶ×ଵ ଶିξଶ ଶିξଶ ଶାξଶ ସିଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
݃ቀ
ଶ
ቁ = 2 െ ට2 × ଵଶ = 2 െ ξ1 = 1ORJR݃ିଵ(1) =
ଶ
(݃ െ ݂)(2) = ݃(2) െ ݂(2) = 2 െ ξ2 × 2 െ ξ6 െ 2 × 2 = 2 െ ξ4 െ ξ6 െ 4 = 2 െ 2 െ ξ2 = െξ2

(Opção D)
17. $ UHSUHVHQWDomR JUiILFD GD IXQomR݂ p XP VHJPHQWR GH UHWD GH H[WUHPRV QRV SRQWRV GH
FRRUGHQDGDV H $VVLPRFRQWUDGRPtQLRGH݂ p> 1, @
2FRQWUDGRPtQLRGH݃ pHQWmR> @XPD YH]TXHRJUiILFRGH݃ VHREWpPGRJUiILFRGH݂ SRU
PHLRGHXPDUHIOH[mRGHHL[R ܱ‫ݔ‬VHJXLGDGHXPDWUDQVODomRGHYHWRU
െ2
݂(െ2) = െ +1 = 1+1= 2
2
4
݂(4) = െ + 1 = െ2 + 1 = െ1
2
(Opção B)
య
18. ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ ݃(‫ ֞ )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬൑ ξ‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ‬൑ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଷ
֜ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ‫ݔ‬ଷ
֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ଷ ൑ 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (1 െ ‫ )ݔ‬൑ 0
‫ݔ‬ 0 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ଶ + + +
1െ‫ݔ‬ + + -
‫ݔ‬ ଶ (1
െ ‫)ݔ‬ + -
/RJR&6 {0} ‫[ ׫‬1, +λ[

(Opção B)
19. ݂(‫ ܽ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)‫ ݔ‬+ 2ܽ

a) 3DUDTXH݂ VHMDHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHQWmR
ܽ െ 1 < 0 ֞ ܽ < 1 ֞ ܽ ‫] א‬െλ, 1[
b) 6HRJUiILFRGH݂ LQWHUVHWDRHL[Rܱ‫ ݔ‬QRSRQWRGHDEFLVVD HQWmR
݂(െ1) = 0 ֞ (ܽ െ 1) × (െ1) + 2ܽ = 0 ֞ െܽ + 1 + 2ܽ = 0 ֞ ܽ = െ1
c) 3DUDTXHRJUiILFRGH݂ VHMDXPDUHWDSDUDOHODDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDV
ܽെ1=0֞ܽ =1

20. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6
a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0

ିହ±ξଶହିଶସ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
ିହ±ଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
֞‫ = ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬3
2V]HURVGH݂ VmRH
ଶାଷ ହ
b) 2HL[RGHVLPHWULDGRJUiILFRGH݂ p‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫ =ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
c)
d) $IXQomRQmRpVREUHMHWLYDXPDYH]TXHRVHXFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDpԹTXHpGLIHUHQWHGRVHX
FRQWUDGRPtQLR
e) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ െ6 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 ൑ െ6 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬5
&6 ]െλ, 0] ‫[ ׫‬5, +λ[

ᇱ
f) ‫|ܦ‬௙| = [0, +λ[
21. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 4

a) ,QWHUVHomRFRPRHL[R ܱ‫ݕ‬
݂(0) = 2|0 െ 1| + 4 = 2 + 4 = 6
/RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGRJUiILFRGH݂ FRPRHL[RGDVRUGHQDGDVWHPFRRUGHQDGDV
,QWHUVHomRFRPRHL[R ܱ‫ݔ‬
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 4 = 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 1| = െ2 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHO
/RJRRJUiILFRGH݂ QmRLQWHUVHWDRHL[RGDVDEFLVVDV
b) ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = [4, +λ[
c) ݂(‫ < )ݔ‬6 ֞ 2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 4 < 6 ֞ 2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| < 2 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 1| < 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 1 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 1 > െ1
֞ ‫ < ݔ‬െ2 ‫ > ݔ ר‬0
&6 @>
d) $IXQomRpLQMHWLYDHP]1, +λ[SRUH[HPSOR

22.
a) 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିହ±ξଶହିସ଼
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
&6 Թ
b) (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 10 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
7 ± ξ49 െ 40
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 10 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
଻±ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬5‫= ݔש‬2
&6 [2, 5]
c) 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଶ±ξସାଵଶ
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ିଶ
ିଶ±ସ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
&6 ]െλ, െ1[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[

d) (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4)(1 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) > 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 + +
1 െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ +
(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)(1 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ )
ଶ
+ +
&6 ]െ2, െ1[ ‫] ׫‬1, 2[
23
a) ܸ = ߨ × 3ଶ × 3 = 27ߨ mଷ = 27 000 × ߨ OLWURV
ଶ଻ ଴଴଴ × గ ଶ଻
= ߨ ൎ KRUDV
ଵ଴଴ × ଺଴ ଺
b) 27 000 × ߨ െ 2 × 60 × 100 ൎ 72 823 OLWURV
ଶ଻
c) ‫ܦ‬௩ = ቂ0, ߨቃ
଺
‫ܦ‬௩ᇱ = [0, 27ߨ]

d) &RPRDSLVFLQDWHPDIRUPDGHXPFLOLQGURDIXQomR‫ ݒ‬pXPDIXQomRDILP
ଶ଻
8PD YH] TXH‫(ݒ‬0) = 27ߨ H ‫ݒ‬ ቀ ଺ ߨቁ = 0HQWmRRGHFOLYHGDUHWDTXHUHSUHVHQWDHVWDIXQomRp
ଶ଻గି଴
మళ = െ6 HDRUGHQDGDQDRULJHPp27ߨ/RJR‫ = )ݐ(ݒ‬27ߨ െ 6‫ݐ‬.
଴ି గ
ల

24. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ି(ିସ)
a) $EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =1
ଶ×ଶ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݂(1) = 2 × 1ଶ െ 4 × 1 + 1 = 2 െ 4 + 1 = െ1
/RJR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ െ 1
b) $ IXQomR݂ p HVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWH HP]െλ, 1] H p HVWULWDPHQWH FUHVFHQWH HP[1, +λ[ WHP
XPPtQLPRDEVROXWRLJXDOD HP
c) 6H݇ > DIXQomR݂(‫ )ݔ‬+ ݇ pVHPSUHSRVLWLYD
d) ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬2(െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ െ 4(െ‫ )ݔ‬+ 1 = 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1
2X VHMD QmR p YHUGDGH TXH݂(െ‫)ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ORJR݂ QmR p XPD IXQomR SDU H SRUWDQWR R
VHXJUiILFRQmRp VLPpWULFRHPUHODomRDRHL[R ܱ‫ݕ‬SHORTXHDDILUPDomRpIDOVD
e) ‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݂(‫ )ݔ‬െ 1 ൒ 0} = ]െλ, 0] ‫[ ׫‬2, +λ[
݂(‫ )ݔ‬െ 1 ൒ 0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 1 ൒ 0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 2) = 0
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬2
25. ݂(‫( = )ݔ‬1 െ ݇)‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1

a) ݂(0) = 1
/RJR‫(ܣ‬0, 1).
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬1 ֞ (1 െ ݇)‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 1 ֞ (1 െ ݇)‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬൫(1 െ ݇)‫ ݔ‬+ 2൯ = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫( ש‬1 െ ݇)‫ = ݔ‬2
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫= ݔש‬
ଵି௞
ଶ
/RJR‫ ܤ‬ቀ , 1ቁ.
ଵି௞
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതത = ටቀ0 െ
‫ܤܣ‬ ቁ + (1 െ 1)ଶ = ටቀ ቁ =
ଵି௞ ௞ିଵ ௞ିଵ
b) 3DUDTXHDHTXDomR݂ x = WHQKDGXDVVROXo}HVGLVWLQWDVȟ > 0

ȟ > 0 ֞ 2ଶ െ 4(1 െ ݇) × 1 > 0 ֞ 4 െ 4 + ݇ > 0 ֞ ݇ > 0
c) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
i. െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൑ െ3 ֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
1 ± ξ1 + 8
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
ଵ±ଷ
֞ ‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
&6 ]െλ, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬2, +λ[

௫ ௫ ଶ ௫ ௫మ
ii. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ݂ ቀ ቁ = 0 ֞ െ2 ቀ ቁ +2 ቀ ቁ +1 = 0 ֞ െ +‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0
ିଶ±ξସା଼
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
ଶ±ଶξଷ
֞ ‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 െ ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 + ξ3
/RJRRV]HURVGH݃ VmR1 െ ξ3 H1 + ξ3
iii. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2݂(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 1 = െ2[െ2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 1 ] + 1

= െ2(െ2(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9) + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 6 + 1) + 1
= െ2(െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݔ‬െ 18 + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) + 1
= 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 28‫ ݔ‬+ 47
ି(ିଶ଼) ଻
$EFLVVDGRYpUWLFH =
ଶ×ସ ଶ
଻ ଻ ଶ ଻
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݄ ቀ ቁ = 4 ቀଶቁ െ28 × +46 = 49 െ 98 + 47 = െ2
ଶ ଶ
&RPR D SDUiEROD TXH UHSUHVHQWD JUDILFDPHQWH D IXQomR WHP FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGD SDUD FLPD
HQWmR‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = [െ2, +λ[
26. ݄(‫ = )ݐ‬െ‫ ݐ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݐ‬+ 10

a) ݄(3) = െ3ଶ + 5 × 3 + 10 = െ9 + 15 + 10 = 16
$DOWXUDGRIRJXHWHDRILPGHVHJXQGRVpPHWURV
b) 2JUiILFRGDIXQomRpXPDSDUiERODFRPFRQFDYLGDGHYROWDGDSDUDEDL[R
ିହ ହ
$ELVVDGRYpUWLFH =
ଶ×(ିଵ) ଶ
ହ ହ ଶ ହ ଶହ ଶହ
2UGHQDGDGRYpUWLFH݄ ቀ ቁ=െቀ ቁ +5 × +10 = െ + +10 = 16,25
ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ
A DOWXUDPi[LPDDWLQJLGDpPHWURV
c) 3DUD‫ ݐ‬൒ 0:
݄(‫ )ݐ‬൒ 4 ֞ െ‫ ݐ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݐ‬+ 10 ൒ 4 ֞ െ‫ ݐ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݐ‬+ 6 ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ5 ± ξ25 + 24 5±7
െ‫ ݐ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݐ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݐ‬ ֞‫=ݐ‬
െ2 2
֞ ‫ = ݐ‬6 ‫ = ݐ ש‬െ1
/RJR‫[ א ݐ‬0, 6[

$OX]~WLOGHFDGDIRJXHWHGXUDVHJXQGRV

27.
a) തതതത
‫ = ݔ = ܧܣ‬തതതത
‫ = ܦܣ‬തതതത
‫ܧܦ‬
തതതത = 6
‫ܤܣ‬
3HOR7HRUHPDGH3LWiJRUDV
ଵ ଶ ௫ ଶ ௫మ ଷ
തതതത ‫ ܤܥ‬ଶ + ቀ തതതത
‫ ܧܦ‬ଶ = തതതത ‫ܤܥ‬ଶ + ቀ
‫ ܧܣ‬ቁ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = തതതത ቁ ֞ തതതത
‫ܤܥ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ֞ തതതത
‫ܤܥ‬ଶ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ
ξଷ
തതതത =
/RJR‫ܤܥ‬ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
ଵ ௫
തതതത = ‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܥܦ‬ തതതത െ തതതത = 6 െ
‫ܧܣ‬
ଶ ଶ
$VVLP
ೣ ξయ
തതതത ା஽஼
(஺஻ തതതത ) × തതതത
஼஻ ቀ଺ା଺ି ቁ × ௫
మ మ
‫= )ݔ(ܣ‬ =
ଶ ଶ
௫ ξଷ
= ቀ12 െ ቁ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ ସ
ଵଶξଷ ξଷ
= ‫ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ
ସ ଼
ଶସξଷ ξଷ
= ‫ݔ‬െ
଼
‫ݔ‬ଶ
଼
ξଷ
= (24‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ )
଼
ξଷ
b) ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬10ξ3 ֞ (24‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) = 10ξ3 ֞ 24‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 80
଼
֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 24‫ ݔ‬െ 80 = 0
ିଶସ ± ξଶସమ ିସ × ଼଴
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
ଶସ ± ଵ଺
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬20 ‫ = ݔ ש‬4
&RPR‫ ݔ‬൑ 6HQWmR‫ = ݔ‬4
28.
a)
య ଶ
b) ݂൫െξ3൯ െ ݂(0) + ݂൫ξ2൯ = 4 െ (2 െ 0) + ቀξ2 + 1ቁ = 4 െ 2 + 3 = 5
c) ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = ]1, +λ[

d) 6H‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 1]: ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 4 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD ORJR D IXQomR QmR WHP ]HURV
QHVWHLQWHUYDOR
6H‫] א ݔ‬െ1, 1[: ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2 െ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
0DV2 ‫] ב‬െ1, 1[ORJRDIXQomRQmRWHP]HURVQHVWHLQWHUYDOR
6H‫[ א ݔ‬1, +λ[: ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0TXHpXPDHTXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹSHORTXHDIXQomR
WDPEpPQmRWHP]HURVQHVWHLQWHUYDOR
/RJRDIXQomR݂ QmRWHP]HURV
e) 6H݇ ‫[ א‬2, 3[HQWmRDHTXDomR݂(‫ ݇ = )ݔ‬WHPH[DWDPHQWHGXDVVROXo}HV
29.
a) 5 × 6 + 3 × 4 = 30 + 12 = 42
$0DULDSDJRXHXURV
b) 5 × 6 + 3 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 6) = 60 ֞ 30 + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 18 = 60 ֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬48 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬16
$0DULDIRLDDXODV
5‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 5‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൑ 6
c) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬൜ =ቄ
5 × 6 + 3(‫ ݔ‬െ 6) se ‫ > ݔ‬6 12 + 3‫ ݔ‬se ‫ > ݔ‬6
30.
a) 6H‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 R JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ p XPD UHWD TXH FRQWpP RV SRQWRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV (െ4, 0) H
(െ2, 3)
଴ିଷ ଷ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWDp =
ିସି(ିଶ) ଶ
ଷ
(QWmR, DHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDpGDIRUPD݂(‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ
ଶ
ଷ
݂(െ4) = 0 ֞ × (െ4) + ܾ = 0 ֞ ܾ = 6
ଶ
ଷ
/RJR݂(‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 VH‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2]
ଶ
6Hെ2 < ‫ < ݔ‬0DIXQomRpFRQVWDQWH
/RJR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬3 VH‫] א ݔ‬െ2, 0[
6H‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 R JUiILFR GD IXQomR݂ p XPD SDUiEROD GH YpUWLFH H HP TXH XP GRV ]HURV p R
SRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV
$VVLP݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 2
ଵ
݂(0) = 0 ֞ ܽ × (െ2)ଶ + 2 = 0 ֞ 4ܽ = െ2 ֞ ܽ = െ
ଶ
/RJR
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 2 = െ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4) + 2 = െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + 2 = െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬VH‫[ א ݔ‬0, +λ[
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷ
‫ ݔ‬+ 6 se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2
ଶ
$VVLP݂(‫ = )ݔ‬൞ 3 se െ 2 < ‫ < ݔ‬0 .
ଵ
െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
ଶ
b) െ2݂(‫ > )ݔ‬0 ֞ ݂(‫ < )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ4[ ‫] ׫‬4, +λ[

c)
d) ݄(‫ ݔ(ܿ = )ݔ‬+ 1) െ 2

2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݄REWpP-VH GRJUiILFRGDIXQomR ݂ SRUPHLRGHXPDWUDQVODomRGHYHWRU
1, $VVLP‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െλ, 1] HXPGRV]HURVGDIXQomR݄ p
2RXWUR]HURGDIXQomR݄ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
3 8 11
(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + 6 െ 2 = 0 ֞ 3(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + 8 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = െ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
2 3 3
e) $ IXQomR݂ QmR DGPLWH LQYHUVD SRU QmR VH WUDWDU GH XPD IXQomR LQMHWLYD XPD YH] TXH SRU
H[HPSOR݂ = ݂ =
31.
|௫ାଵ| |௫ାଵ| |௫ାଵ|
a) 1 െ > െ2 ֞ െ > െ3 ֞ <3
ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| < 6
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 6 ‫ ݔ ר‬+ 1 > െ6
฻ ‫ < ݔ‬5 ‫ > ݔ ר‬െ7
&6 @ >
b) |4‫ ݔ‬+ 1| = ‫( ֞ ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ש ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = െ‫ ݔ ר )ݔ‬൒ 0
֞ (3‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ ש‬5‫ = ݔ‬െ1) ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 0
ଵ ଵ
֞ ቀ‫ = ݔ‬െ ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ ቁ ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 0
ଷ ହ
&6 = ‫׎‬
ଷ
c) > 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9| > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 ് 0
|௫ మ ିଽ|
֞ ‫ ് ݔ‬3 ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െ3
&6 Թ ‫{ ך‬െ3, 3}
d) |1 െ 2‫| = |ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ֞ (1 െ 2‫)ݔ‬ଶ = (3‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ
֞ 1 െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ െ5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0
ି଼ ± ξ଺ସି଺଴
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଵ଴
଼±ଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଵ଴
ଷ
֞‫= ݔ‬1‫= ݔש‬
ହ
ଷ
&6 ቄ , 1ቅ
ହ

e) െ2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| > 2‫ ݔ‬฻ |‫ ݔ‬െ 1| < െ‫ݔ‬
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < െ‫ ݔ ר ݔ‬െ 1 > ‫ ר )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
֞ 2‫ < ݔ‬1 ‫ ר‬ᇣ
െ1
ᇧᇤ>
ᇧᇥ0 ‫ ݔר‬൑0
୔୰୭୮୭ୱ୧ ୭
୤ୟ୪ୱୟ
&6 ‫׎‬
f) |‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4| > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ് 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ ് 0
֞‫ݔ‬+2 ്0
֞ ‫ ് ݔ‬െ2
&6 Թ\{െ2}
g) |4‫ ݔ‬+ 1| < |2 െ ‫( ֞ |ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ < (2 െ ‫)ݔ‬ଶ

֞ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 4 െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 15‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݔ‬െ 3 < 0
֞ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିସ±ξଵ଺ାଶ଴
5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଵ଴
െ4 ± 6
֞ ‫=ݔ‬
10
1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
5
ଵ
&6 ቃെ1, ቂ
ହ
h) |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0

ଵ±ξଵା଼
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ଵ±ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
&6 ^ 1, `
i) |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ |ݔ‬൒ 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ൑ 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 0
ଵ±ξଵାସ ଵ±ξହ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵିξହ ଵାξହ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵ±ξଵିସ ଵ±ξିଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵିξହ ଵାξହ
&6 ቃെλ, ቃ‫׫‬ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ଶ
32.
a) 2 JUiILFR GH݃ REWpP-VH GR JUiILFR GD IXQomR GHILQLGD SRU‫ |ݔ| = ݕ‬SRU PHLR GH XPD WUDQVODomR
GH YHWRU(2, 0) VHJXLGD GH XPD UHIOH[mR HP UHODomR DR HL[R ܱ‫ ݔ‬VHJXLGD GH XPD WUDQVODomR GH
YHWRU(0, 5)

b) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 2| + 5 = 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 2| = 5
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 5 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 = െ5
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬7 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
/RJRRV]HURVGH݃ VmR H
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 1 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 = െ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
/RJRRV]HURVGH݄ VmRH
c) ݃(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 1 ֞ െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 2| + 5 ൒ 1
֞ െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൒ െ4
֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൑ 4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൑ 4 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 2 ൒ െ4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 6 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ െ2 &6 [െ2, 6]
െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + 5 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0 െ‫ ݔ‬+ 7 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2
d) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 2| + 5 = ൜ =ቄ
െ(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) + 5 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 < 0 ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
e)
&6 >@
33.
a) ݂(‫| = )ݔ‬2‫ |ݔ‬െ 1
‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫| = )ݔ‬2(െ‫ |)ݔ‬െ 1 = |െ2‫ |ݔ‬+ 1 = |2‫ |ݔ‬+ 1 = ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU
b) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ݔ‬
‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬2(െ‫)ݔ‬ଷ െ 3(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ = ݔ‬െ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
c) ݂(‫|ݔ = )ݔ‬5‫|ݔ‬
‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫|ݔ‬5(െ‫ = |)ݔ‬െ‫|ݔ‬5‫ = |ݔ‬െ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
య
d) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬5 ξ‫ݔ‬
‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
య య
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬5ඥ(െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ5 ξ‫ = ݔ‬െ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RX VHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
e) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ସ
‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬5(െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ െ 3(െ‫)ݔ‬ସ = 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ସ = ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU

f) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬1 + ξ16 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 16 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0} = [െ4, 4]ORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
Cálculo auxiliar
16 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ4
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬1 + ඥ16 െ (െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ = 1 + ξ16 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ݂(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ RXVHMD݂ pXPDIXQomRSDU
34.
a) ξ6 െ ‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ֜ ݔ‬6 െ ‫( = ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 6 െ ‫ݔ = ݔ‬ଶ
֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0
ଵ±ξଵାଶସ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
ଵ±ହ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ିଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
Verificação:
6H‫ = ݔ‬2HQWmRξ6 െ 2 = െ2 ֞ ξ4 = െ2TXH pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDORJRQmRpVROXomRGD
HTXDomR
6H‫ = ݔ‬െ3 HQWmRඥ6 െ (െ3) = െ(െ3) ֞ ξ9 = 3 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p
VROXomRGDHTXDomR
&6 ^ `
b) ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3ξ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ = ݔ‬3ξ‫ݔ‬
֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ = ݔ‬9‫ݔ‬
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ = ݔ‬0
֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 10) = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬10
Verificação:
6H‫ = ݔ‬0 HQWmRξ0ଶ െ 0 െ 3ξ0 = 0 ֞ 0 െ 0 = 0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p
VROXomRGDHTXDomR
6H ‫ = ݔ‬10 HQWmR ξ10ଶ െ 10 െ 3ξ10 = 0 ֞ ξ90 െ 3ξ10 = 0 ֞ 3ξ10 െ 3ξ10 = 0 TXH p XPD
&6 ^`
ଶ
c) ξ3‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 1 ֜ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 1൯
֞ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 2ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 1
֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 8
֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 4
֜ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9‫ ݔ‬+ 14 = 0

ଽ±ξ଼ଵିହ଺
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ଽ±ହ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬7‫= ݔש‬2
6H ‫ = ݔ‬7 HQWmR ξ3 × 7 െ 5 = ξ7 + 2 + 1 ֞ ξ21 െ 5 = ξ9 + 1 ֞ ξ16 = 3 + 1 ֞ 4 = 4 TXH p
XPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
6H‫ = ݔ‬2 HQWmRξ3 × 2 െ 5 = ξ2 + 2 + 1 ֞ ξ6 െ 5 = ξ4 + 1 ֞ ξ1 = 1 + 1 ֞ 1 = 2 TXH p XPD
SURSRVLomRIDOVDORJRQmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
&6 ^`
య
d) ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 3 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 3ଷ ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬27 + 5 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬16
&6 ^`
35.
ଵହ
a) ܶ(15) = 2ߨ ට ൎ 0,8 V
ଽ଼଴
௖ ் ௖ ் ଶ ௖ ଵ ் ଶ ் ଶ
b) ܶ = 2ߨ ට ֞ =ට ֞ቀ ቁ = ֞ ܿ = 980 × ቀ ቁ ֞ ܿ = 245 ቀ ቁ
ଽ଼଴ ଶగ ଽ଼଴ ଶగ ଽ଼଴ ସ గ గ
య ଶ
ξଷ
c) ܿ൫ξ3൯ = 245 ൬ ൰
య
ൎ 51,6 FP
గ
య
(VWHYDORUUHSUHVHQWDRFRPSULPHQWRGHXPSrQGXORGHSHUtRGRLJXDODξ3 VHJXQGRV
36.
a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 6 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0} = ൣെξ6, ξ6൧
Cálculo auxiliar
6 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ6 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ6
b)
$IXQomR݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHPൣെξ6, 0൧ HpHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHPൣ0, ξ6൧
c) ݂(‫ ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬ξ6 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 = 2 െ ‫ ֞ ݔ‬ξ6 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = െ‫ݔ‬

֜ 6 െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 6
֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 3
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ3

Verificação:
ଶ
6H ‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 HQWmR ට6 െ ൫ξ3൯ + 2 = 2 െ ξ3 ֞ ξ6 െ 3 + 2 = 2 െ ξ3 ֞ ξ3 + 2 = 2 െ ξ3 TXH p
XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDORJRξ3 QmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ଶ
6H ‫ = ݔ‬െξ3 HQWmR ට6 െ ൫െξ3൯ + 2 = 2 െ ൫െξ3൯ ֞ ξ6 െ 3 + 2 = 2 + ξ3 ֞ ξ3 + 2 = 2 + ξ3 ,
TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRെξ3 pVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ଶ
݂൫െξ3൯ = ට6 െ ൫െξ3൯ + 2 = ξ6 െ 3 + 2 = 2 + ξ3
/RJRDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDVGXDVIXQo}HVVmR൫െξ3, 2 + ξ3൯.
d) (݃ ‫()݂ ל‬െ2) = ݃൫݂(െ2)൯ = ݃ ቀඥ6 െ (െ2)ଶ + 2ቁ = ݃൫ξ6 െ 4 + 2൯
= ݃൫ξ2 + 2൯
= 2 െ ൫ξ2 + 2൯
= െξ2
e) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ : ݃(‫ܦ א )ݔ‬௙ ൟ = ൛‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ݃(‫ א )ݔ‬ൣെξ6, ξ6൧ൟ = ൣ2 െ ξ6 ,2 + ξ6 ൧
Cálculo auxiliar
݃(‫ א )ݔ‬ൣെξ6, ξ6൧ ֞ 2 െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െξ6 ‫ ר‬2 െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ξ6
֞ െ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ2 െ ξ6 ‫ ר‬െ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ2 + ξ6
֞ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 + ξ6 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 2 െ ξ6
(݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ()݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(2 െ ‫ = )ݔ‬ඥ6 െ (2 െ ‫)ݔ‬ଶ + 2 &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ
37.
a) 2(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ ൑ 0
2
3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
3
1
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 1 2 +λ
2 3
2(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) +
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + + +
(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + + + + + +
2(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + + +
ଵ ଶ
&6 ቂ , ቃ ‫{ ׫‬െ1}
ଶ ଷ
b) (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6) ൒ 0
1
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
1 ± ξ1 + 24 1±5
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2 2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2

‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 3 +λ
2
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + + +
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 + +
(2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6) + +
ଵ
&6 ቂെ2, ቃ ‫[ ׫‬3, +λ[
ଶ
c) ݂(‫ < )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 6 < 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) < 0
6
6
1
ଵ±ξଵାଶସ ଵ±ହ ଷ
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬െ ‫= ݔש‬1
ିସ ିସ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െλ 3 1 +λ
െ
2
‫ݔ‬െ2 +
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 +
(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) + +
ଷ
&6 ቃെ , 1ቂ ‫] ׫‬2, +λ[
ଶ
d) ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ 2‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ±ξଵା଼ ଵ±ଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ + + +
ଶ
‫ ݔ‬െ‫ݔ‬െ2 + +
‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + +
&6 ]െλ, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬0, 2]
38.
a) ݂(െ1) = (െ1)ସ + 2 × (െ1)ଷ െ 16 × (െ1)ଶ െ 2 × (െ1) + 15 = 1 െ 2 െ 16 + 2 + 15 = 0 ORJR p
]HURGH݂
݂(1) = 1ସ + 2 × 1ଷ െ 16 × 1ଶ െ 2 × 1 + 15 = 1 + 2 െ 16 െ 2 + 15 = 0ORJRp]HURGH݂
b) ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 15 > 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 15) > 0
֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 15) > 0

1 16
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1
െ2 ± ξ4 + 60 െ2 ± 8
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 15 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
2 2
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 + + + + + +
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 15 + +
(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1) + - + +
ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 15)
&6 ]െλ, െ5[ ‫] ׫‬െ1,1[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[
39.
ଵ
a) ܴ൫4ߨξ3൯ = ටସగξଷ = ଵ × 2ඥξ3 = రξ3
ଶ గ ଶ
ଷ
ସ ସ ଵ ௫
b) ܸ(‫= )ݔ‬ ߨ[ܴ(‫])ݔ‬ଷ = ߨ× ൬ ට ൰
ଷ ଷ ଶ గ
ସ ଵ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
=
ଷ
ߨ×
଼
× ට = ට
గ గ ଺ గ
ଵ ௫ ௫ ௫
c) ܸ(‫= )ݔ‬
ଶ
‫֞ݔ‬ ට
଺ గ
=
ଶ
௫
฻ ටగ = 3
௫
֞ = 9 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬9ߨ
గ
40.
4 െ ‫ ݔ‬se 4 െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 4 െ ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4
a) ݃(‫| = )ݔ‬4 െ ‫ = |ݔ‬ቄ =ቄ
െ4 + ‫ ݔ‬se 4 െ ‫ < ݔ‬0 െ4 + ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ > ݔ‬4
$VVLP
3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ (4 െ ‫ )ݔ‬se ‫ < ݔ‬2 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
(݂ െ ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬ቐ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 െ (4 െ ‫ )ݔ‬se 2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4 = ൝‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 8 se 2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 െ (െ4 + ‫ )ݔ‬se ‫ > ݔ‬4 ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬se ‫ > ݔ‬4
b) 6H‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 2[
(݂ െ ݃)(‫ < )ݔ‬1 ֞ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 5 < 1
֞ 4‫ < ݔ‬6
ଷ
֞‫<ݔ‬
ଶ
ଷ
/RJR‫ א ݔ‬ቃെλ, ቂ
ଶ
6H‫[ א ݔ‬2, 4], (݂ െ ݃)(‫ < )ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 8 < 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 9 < 0

Cálculo auxiliar
െ1 ± ξ1 + 36
‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
െ1 + ξ37 െ1 െ ξ37
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
2 2
ିଵାξଷ଻
/RJR‫ א ݔ‬ቂ2, ቂ
ଶ
6H‫] א ݔ‬4, +λ[, (݂ െ ݃)(‫ < )ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ < ݔ‬1

֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
1 ± ξ1 + 4
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
ଵାξହ ଵିξହ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
/RJRQHVWHLQWHUYDORQmRKiYDORUHVGH‫ ݔ‬SDUDRVTXDLV(݂ െ ݃)(‫ < )ݔ‬1

ଷ ିଵାξଷ଻
$VVLP&6 ቃെλ, ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቂ2, ቂ
ଶ ଶ
41. (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1 = ݉‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + 1 െ ݉‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0

֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (െ4 െ ݉)‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0
3DUDHVWDHTXDomRWHUDSHQDVXPDVROXomR
(െ4 െ ݉)ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ 16 + 8݉ + ݉ଶ െ 4 = 0
֞ ݉ଶ + 8݉ + 12 = 0
ି଼±ξ଺ସିସ଼
֞݉=
ଶ
ି଼±ସ
֞݉=
ଶ
֞ ݉ = െ6 ‫ = ݉ ש‬െ2
6H݉ = െ6HQWmR
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ = 0
֞‫ݔ‬+1=0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
$RUGHQDGDGRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRp‫ = ݕ‬െ6 × (െ1) + 4 = 10
/RJRVH݉ = െ6 WHP-VHRSRQWR GHLQWHUVHomRGHFRRUGHQDGDVെ
6H݉ = െ2HQWmR
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 0
֞‫ݔ‬െ1=0
֞‫=ݔ‬1
$RUGHQDGDGRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRp‫ = ݕ‬െ2 × 1 + 4 = 2
/RJRVH݉ = െ2 WHP-VHRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGHFRRUGHQDGDV

42. 6HMD݃ DIXQomRTXHDVVRFLDDFDGDYDORUGH‫ ݔ‬DiUHDGRWULkQJXOR>ABC@
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0
֜‫ݔ‬െ1= 0
֞‫=ݔ‬1
Verificação:
ξ1 െ 1 = 0TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDORJRp]HURGH݂
/RJR
തതതത
‫ = ܥܤ‬2 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) HDDOWXUDGRWULkQJXOR>ABC@pξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
$VVLP
ଶ×(௫ିଵ)×ξ௫ିଵ
݃(‫= )ݔ‬
ଶ
= (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1

݃(‫ = )ݔ‬27 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 3ଷ
֜ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = 3଺
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ = 9ଷ
֞ ‫ݔ‬െ1= 9
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬10
Verificação:
(10 െ 1)ξ10 െ 1 = 27 ֞ 9 × 3 = 27 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p VROXomR GD
HTXDomR
Desafios
Página 151
1.
a) &RQVLGHUHPRV ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ 0,23‫ = ݔ‬1,23‫ ݔ‬e ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬െ 0,23‫ = ݔ‬0,77‫ݔ‬.
$VVLP (݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(1,23‫ = )ݔ‬0,77 × 1,23‫ = ݔ‬0,9471‫ݔ‬.
b) 1mR6HJXQGRDDOtQHDDQWHULRUILFDFRPXPYDORUGLIHUHQWHHLQIHULRUDRLQLFLDO2FRPSUDGRUILFRX
DJDQKDUYDLDFDEDUSRUFRPSUDURFDUURSRUXPYDORUPDLVEDL[R
c) &ODUDPHQWH TXH QmR 6H IRVVHP LQYHUVDV XPD GD RXWUD WHUtDPRV (݃ ‫ݔ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬, R TXH QmR p
YHUGDGHSHODSULPHLUDDOtQHD
ଵ଴଴
d) 6HIL]HUPRV݂(‫ݕ = )ݔ‬, REWHPRV ‫= ݕ‬ ൎ 0,813008‫ݔ‬.
ଵଶଷ
$VVLP ݂ ଵ (‫ )ݔ‬ൎ 0,813008.
e) 2 YHQGHGRU WHULD GH DSOLFDU XPD IXQomR FRUUHVSRQGHQWH j LQYHUVD GH݂ 2X VHMD VHJXQGR D
DOtQHDDQWHULRUXPGHVFRQWRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
2.
a) &RQVLGHUHPRV ݄(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬െ 200 e ‫ = )ݔ(݌‬0,9‫ݔ‬.
7HPRV(݄ ‫(݄ = )ݔ()݌ ל‬0,9‫ = )ݔ‬0,9‫ ݔ‬െ 200.
3RURXWURODGR(‫ ݔ(݌ = )ݔ()݄ ל ݌‬െ 200) = 0,9(‫ ݔ‬െ 200) = 0,9‫ ݔ‬െ 180.
b) 'HDFRUGRFRPDDOtQHDDQWHULRUQmRpLQGLIHUHQWH

c) 'H DFRUGR FRP D DOtQHD D R YDORU ILFD PDLV EDL[R TXDQGR VH DSOLFD SULPHLUR R GHVFRQWR GRV
HXURVHVyGHSRLVVHUHWLUDPRV2FRPSUDGRUILFDDJDQKDUHXURV
3.
a) &RQVLGHUDPRV ‫ = )ݔ(ݏ‬0,97‫ ݔ‬e ‫ = )ݔ(ݐ‬0,95‫ݔ‬.
THPRV(‫(ݐ = )ݔ()ݏ ל ݐ‬0,97‫ = )ݔ‬0,95 × 0,97‫ = ݔ‬0,9215‫ݔ‬.
3RURXWURODGR(‫(ݏ = )ݔ()ݐ ל ݏ‬0,95‫ = )ݔ‬0,97 × 0,95‫ = ݔ‬0,9215‫ݔ‬.
b) 6HJXQGRDDOtQHDDQWHULRUpLQGLIHUHQWHDRUGHPSHODTXDODSOLFDPRVRVGRLVGHVFRQWRV
4.
a) 7HPRV
‫ ݐ = )ݔ(ݓ‬൭‫ ݏ‬ቆ‫ ݌‬൬݄ ቀ݃൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ቁ൰ቇ൱ = ‫(݄(݌(ݏ(ݐ‬0,9471‫))))ݔ‬
= ‫ ݐ‬ቀ‫ݏ‬൫0,9(0,9471‫ ݔ‬െ 200)൯ቁ
= 0,82935(0,9471‫ ݔ‬െ 200)

b) 7HPRV
‫ݕ‬
‫ ݕ = )ݔ(ݓ‬฻ 0,9471‫ ݔ‬െ 200 =
0,82935
ଵ ௬
฻‫=ݔ‬ ቀ + 200ቁ
଴,ଽସ଻ଵ ଴,଼ଶଽଷହ
ଵ ௫
$VVLP ‫ି ݓ‬ଵ (‫= )ݔ‬ ቀ + 200ቁ.
଴,ଽସ଻ଵ ଴,଼ଶଽଷହ
c) (VWD p XPD IXQomR TXH D FDGD YDORU GHSRLV GRV GHVFRQWRV ID] FRUUHVSRQGHU R YDORU DQWHV GRV
GHVFRQWRV
d) 2YDORUPDUFDGRQRFDUURp‫ି ݓ‬ଵ (23394,5) = 29 995 HXURV

Tema V െ Estatística
Unidade 2 െ Somatório
Páginas 155 e 156
1.
a) ‫ݑ‬௡ = 2݊ െ 1, ݊ ‫{ א‬1, 2, … , 5}
5
b)
¦ (2n 1)
i 1
2.
2017
a) ܽଵ + ܽଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ܽଶ଴ଵ଻ =
¦a
i 1
i
10
b) ܽଵ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܽଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ܽଵ଴ ‫ݔ‬ଵ଴ = ¦ (a x i )
i
i 1
8
c) 3ଶ + 3ଷ + ‫ ڮ‬+ 3଼ =
¦3
i 2
i
3.
6
i 1
a) ¦2
i 1
= 2ଵିଵ + 2ଶିଵ + 2ଷିଵ + 2ସିଵ + 2ହିଵ + 2଺ିଵ = 2଴ + 2ଵ + 2ଶ + 2ଷ + 2ସ + 2ହ
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32
= 63
7
b) ¦ (1 i) = (1 െ 4) + (1 െ 5) + (1 െ 6) + (1 െ 7)
i 4
= െ3 െ 4 െ 5 െ 6
= െ18
10
c) ¦ 2 = 10 × 2 = 20
i 1
4.
50 50
a) ¦ xi =
i 4
¦x
i 1
i െ 2 െ 4 െ 7 = 200 െ 13 = 187
50 50
b) ¦ 5 xi = ξ5 ¦x i = 200ξ5
i 1 i 1
50
xi 1 50 1
c) ¦
i 3 2
= ¦ xi
2i3
=
2
(200 െ 2 െ 4) = 97
5.
a) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD.
100
¦ 2i = 2 × 1 + 2 × 2 + 2 × 3 + ‫ ڮ‬+ 2 × 100
i 1
= 2 × (1 + 2 + 3 + ‫ ڮ‬+ 100)
100
=2 ¦i
i 1

b) 3URSRVLomRIDOVD.
100
¦ (2 i) = (2 + 1) + (2 + 2) + (2 + 3) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (2 + 100)
i 1
100
= 2 × 100 + ¦i i 1
100
് 2+ ¦i
i 1
c) 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD.
100
¦ (2 i) = (2 + 1) + (2 + 2) + (2 + 3) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (2 + 100)
i 1
100
= 2 × 100 + ¦i i 1
100 100
=
¦2 + ¦
i 1 i 1
i
Unidade 3 – Conceitos fundamentais

Páginas 157 a 162
6. $SRSXODomRpRFRQMXQWRGHWRGRVRVDVVRFLDGRVGD'(&2.
$DPRVWUDpRFRQMXQWRGRVDVVRFLDGRVLQTXLULGRV
$YDULiYHOHVWDWtVWLFDpRJUDXGHVDWLVIDomRFRPRVDWXDLVSUHVWDGRUHVGHVHUYLoRWHOHYLVLYR
7.
a) 2WHPSRGHH[SRVLomRVRODUpXPDYDULiYHOTXDQWLWDWLYDFRQWtQXD
b) 2Q~PHURGHGLDVGHIpULDVpXPDYDULiYHOTXDQWLWDWLYDGLVFUHWD
c) 2Q~PHURGHJHODGRVFRPSUDGRVQXPDVHPDQDpXPDYDULiYHOTXDQWLWDWLYDGLVFUHWD
d) $WHPSHUDWXUDUHJLVWDGDjVKpXPD YDULiYHOTXDQWLWDWLYDFRQWtQXD
e) 2Q~PHURGHSHVVRDVQDSUDLDjVKpXPDYDULiYHOTXDQWLWDWLYDGLVFUHWD
8. 2FRQMXQWRGHYDORUHVGDDPRVWUD~௫ = (1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 0, 5, 1) p‫ݔ‬෤ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
9. 3RUH[HPSOR~௫ = (10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 12) RX~௫ = (12, 10, 10, 11, 10, 12).
10. 6HMD ~௫ = (‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ ) XPD YDULiYHO DOHDWyULD GH GLPHQVmR ݊ FRP ݉ YDORUHV GLVWLQWRV RQGH
1 ൑ ݉ ൑ ݊.
7HP-VHTXHܰ௝ = #൛݅ ‫{ א‬1, … , ݊}: ‫ݔ‬௜ ൑ ‫ݔ‬෤௝ ൟ.
3RURXWURODGR݊௝ = #൛݅ ‫{ א‬1, … , ݊}: ‫ݔ‬௜ = ‫ݔ‬෤௝ ൟ Hσ௠
௝ୀଵ ݊௝ = ݊.
3DUDTXDOTXHU݆ ‫{ א‬1, … , ݉} WHP-VHHQWmR:

ܰ௝ = #൛݅ ‫{ א‬1, … , ݊}: ‫ݔ‬௜ ൑ ‫ݔ‬෤௝ ൟ = ݊ଵ + ݊ଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ݊௝ ൑ ݊ଵ + ݊ଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ ݊௝ + … + ݊௠ = ݊
/RJRܰ௝ ൑ ݊TXDOTXHUTXHVHMD݆ ‫{ א‬1, … , ݉}.

11.
a)
b) ܰଷ = 5 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 15
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଵଶ
c) ‫ܨ‬ଶ = + + = = 0,6
ସ ଶ଴ ହ ଶ଴
12.
Unidade 4 – Medidas de localização

Páginas 163 a 174
13.
a) $PRGDp
b) 1mRH[LVWHPRGD
c) +iGRLVYDORUHVSDUDDPRGDH
14. $FODVVHPRGDOp>>
m ~
¦ xj nj
j 1
m
§ ~ nj · m ~
15. ‫ݔ‬ҧ =
௡
= ¦ ¨ xju ¸
j 1© n¹
¦x
j 1
j fj
଴ × ଶ ା ଵ × ଼ ା ଶ × ଵ଴ ା ଷ × ହା ସ × ଵ ଴ ା ଼ ା ଶ଴ ା ଵହ ା ସ ସ଻
16. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = ൎ 1,8
ଶ ା ଼ ା ଵ଴ ା ହ ା ଵ ଶ଺ ଶ଺
17.
a)
Notas obtidas no teste de Matemática ࢔࢏
[11, 14[
[14, 17[
[17, 20[

ଵଶ ା ଵସ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵଷ ା ଵଽ ା ଵଽ ା ଵ଺ ା ଵ଼ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵ଼ ା ଵଽ ା ଵ଺ ା ଵଵ ା ଵ଼ ା ଵଽ ଶସ଺
b) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 16,4
ଵହ ଵହ
ଵଶ,ହ × ଷ ା ଵହ,ହ × ଷ ା ଵ଼,ହ × ଽ ଶହ଴,ହ
c) ‫ݔ‬ҧ ൎ = = 16,7
ଵହ ଵହ
18.
a) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
‫ݔ = ݁ܯ‬ వశభ = ‫(ݔ‬ହ) = 14
ቀ ቁ
మ
b) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
‫ݔ = ݁ܯ‬ వశభ = ‫(ݔ‬ହ) = 14
ቀ ቁ
మ
c) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
‫ݔ = ݁ܯ‬ వశభ = ‫(ݔ‬ହ) = 15
ቀ ቁ
మ
d) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
௫ భబ ା௫ భబ
ቀ ቁ ቀ శ భቁ
మ మ ௫(ఱ) ା ௫(ల) ଵସ ା ଵ଺
‫= ݁ܯ‬ = = = 15
ଶ ଶ ଶ
19.
a) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
݊ = 10
ଶହ × ଵ଴
= 2,5 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଶହ = ‫[(ݔ‬ଶ,ହ] ା ଵ) = ‫(ݔ‬ଷ) = 3,15.
ଵ଴଴
ହ଴ × ଵ଴ ௫(ఱ) ା ௫(ల) ଷ,ସହ ା ଷ,଺଼
= 5 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲହ଴ = = = 3,565.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
଻ହ × ଵ଴
= 7,5 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲ଻ହ = ‫଻[(ݔ‬,ହ] ା ଵ) = ‫ = )଼(ݔ‬3,78.
ଵ଴଴
ܲଵ଴଴ = ‫(ݔ‬ଵ଴) = 4,01
ଽ଴ × ଵ଴ ௫(వ) ା ௫(భబ) ସ,଴ଵ ା ସ,ଵ଴
b) = 9 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଽ଴ = = = 4,055.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
3RGHPRVDILUPDUTXHSHORPHQRVGRVYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDVmRLQIHULRUHVRXLJXDLVD
20.
a)
Número de peixes capturados ࢔࢏
>>
> >
> >
>> 2
଻ହ × ଵ଺ ௫(భమ) ା ௫(భయ) ଻ା଼
b) = 12 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲ଻ହ = = = 7,5.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
/RJR Ki TXDWUR SDUWLFLSDQWHV TXH JDQKDUDP R SUpPLR XPD YH] TXH FDSWXUDUDP PDLV GH
SHL[HV
ହ଴ × ଵ଺ ௫(ఴ) ା ௫(వ) ଺ା଺
c) = 8 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmR‫ܲ = ݁ܯ‬ହ଴ = = = 6.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ

଻ହ × ଵ଺
d) 3 + 3 < <3+3+8
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲ଻ହ ‫[ א‬6, 9[. $VVLPܲ଻ହ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
3 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 8 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 6) = 12 × 3 ֞ 18 + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 48 = 36 ֞ 8‫ = ݔ‬66 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬8,25
/RJRܲ଻ହ =
(VWHYDORUQmRFRLQFLGHFRPRYDORUH[DWRTXHpHIRLFDOFXODGRQDDOtQHDE).
21.
଺଻ ା ଺ଽ ା ଻଺ ା ଽସ ା ହ଺ ା ହ଼ ା ଺ଽ ା ଻଼ ା ଺ଽ ା ଽହ ା ସ଼ ା ସସ ା ଼ହ ା ଺ଽ ା ଺଻ ା ଻ଶ
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 69,75 PLQ
ଵ଺
଺ଽ,଻ହ
b) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 1,1625 K
଺଴
22.
n n n
a) &RPR‫(ݔ‬௡) = máx {‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ }, WHP-VHTXH ¦x d¦x i (n) nx( n ) . /RJR, ¦x i dnx( n )
i 1 i 1 i 1
n
¦x
i 1
i
nx( n )
b) x d x( n )
n n
/RJR‫ݔ‬ҧ ൑ ‫(ݔ‬௡) .
c) 8PDYH]TXH‫(ݔ‬௡) = máx {‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ }, HQWmRWRGRVRVYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDSRGHPVHUHVFULWRVQD
IRUPD‫ݔ‬௜ = ‫(ݔ‬௡) െ ݇௜ FRP݇௜ ൒ 0. $VVLP
n n n n n
¦ xi
i 1
¦ ( x( n) ki )
i 1
¦ x( n) ¦ ki
i 1 i 1
nx( n ) ¦ ki
i 1
x
n n n n
3RU KLSyWHVH H[LVWH DOJXP YDORU GD DPRVWUD LQIHULRU D‫(ݔ‬௡) ORJR H[LVWH DOJXP݇௜ > 0 (QWmR
n
¦k
i 1
i
‫ݔ‬ҧ = ‫(ݔ‬௡) െ < ‫(ݔ‬௡) .

௡
଼ × ଵହ ି ଵ଼ ା ଵଶ
23. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 14,25 DQRV
଼
ଵ × ଵଶ ା ଷ × ଵସ ା ହ × ଶସ
24. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 3,48
ଵଶ ା ଵସ ା ଶସ
Unidade 5 – Medidas de dispersão

Páginas 175 a 183
n n n
25. 0 (10 12, 4) (13 12, 4) (11 12, 4) ¦ di 0 ¦ di 3, 2
¦d i 1
i
i 4 i 4
26.
5
a) ¦d i 0 1 3 0 1 d5 0 d5 1
i 1

b) ݀ହ = ‫ݔ‬ହ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ 1 = 11 െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 10
݀ସ = ‫ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ 1 = ‫ݔ‬ସ െ 10 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ସ = 11
݀ଷ = ‫ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ 0 = ‫ݔ‬ଷ െ 10 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଷ = 10
݀ଶ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ െ3 = ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 10 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 7
݀ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଵ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ 1 = ‫ݔ‬ଵ െ 10 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = 11
27. 8PDYH]TXH~௬ = ~௫ + ݄WHP-VHTXH‫ݕ‬ത = ‫ݔ‬ҧ + ݄.

n n
2
ܵܵ௬ = ¦y 2 = 2 െ ݊(‫ݔ‬ҧ + ݄)ଶ
i 1
i ny ¦ ( x h)
i 1
i
n
2 ଶ ଶ
= ¦ (x i 2 xi h h 2 ) െ ݊(‫ݔ‬ҧ + ʹ݄‫ݔ‬ҧ + ݄ )
i 1
n n n
= + ʹ݄ 2 െ ݊‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ െ 2݄݊‫ݔ‬ҧ െ ݄݊ଶ
¦x
i 1
i
2
¦ x ¦h
i 1
i
i 1
n
n
¦xi 1
i
= + ݄݊ଶ െ ݊‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ െ 2݄݊‫ݔ‬ҧ െ ݄݊ଶ

¦ xi + 2݄݊
i 1
2
௡
n
2 + 2݄݊‫ݔ‬ҧ െ ݊‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ െ 2݄݊‫ݔ‬ҧ
= ¦x
i 1
i
n
= ¦x 2 െ ݊‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ = ܵܵ௫
i
i 1
28.
a) ‫ݕ‬௜ = 3‫ݔ‬௜ + 1
b) ܵܵ௬ = 3ଶ ܵܵ௫ = 9 × 26 = 234
29.
ଵଶ ା ଵସ ା ଵ଺ ା ଵ଴ ା ଵ଺ ା ଵହ ା ଵଷ ା ଵ଴ ା ଽ ା ଵହ ଵଷ଴
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 13
ଵ଴ ଵ଴
ଵ଴ ା ଵହ ା ଵ଴ ା ଵଽ ା ଵଷ ଺଻
‫ݕ‬ത = = = 13,4
ହ ହ
10
xi 2 10 u132
ௌௌೣ ඩ¦
i 1 ଵ଻ହଶ ି ଵ଺ଽ଴
b) ‫ݏ‬௫ = ට = = ට ൎ 2,62 FG
ଵ଴ ି ଵ ଽ ଽ
5
yi 2 5 u13, 42
ௌௌ೤ ඩ¦
i 1 ଽହହ ି ଼ଽ଻,଼
‫ݏ‬௬ = ට = =ට ൎ 3,78 FG
ହିଵ ସ ସ
2VYDORUHVGDDPRVWUD~௬ HQFRQWUDP-VHPDLVGLVSHUVRVHPUHODomRjPpGLDGDDPRVWUDGRTXHRV
YDORUHVGDDPRVWUD~௫ .
30. Propriedade: 6HMD~௫ = (‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ ) XPD DPRVWUD GH GLPHQVmR݊, FRP ݊ > 1 GH XPD YDULiYHO
HVWDWtVWLFD‫ ݔ‬TXDQWLWDWLYD7HP-VHTXH‫ݏ‬௫ = 0 VHHVyVH‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ݔ = ڮ‬௡ .

Demonstração:
ௌௌೣ
‫ݏ‬௫ = 0 ֞ ට = 0 ֞ ܵܵ௫ = 0 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଶ = ‫ݔ = ڮ‬௡ , FRPR YLPRV QD SURSULHGDGH GHPRQVWUDGD
௡ିଵ
QDSiJLQDGRPDQXDO
Propriedade: 6HMD~௫ = (‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ ) XPD DPRVWUD GH GLPHQVmR݊, FRP ݊ > 1 GH XPD YDULiYHO
HVWDWtVWLFD‫ ݔ‬TXDQWLWDWLYDHVHMD݄ XPQ~PHURUHDO
2GHVYLR-SDGUmR‫ݏ‬௬ FRUUHVSRQGHQWHjDPRVWUD~௬ = ~௫ + ݄SRGH VHUREWLGRDSDUWLUGRGHVYLR-SDGUmR
‫ݏ‬௫ DWUDYpVGDLJXDOGDGH‫ݏ‬௬ = ‫ݏ‬௫ .
Demonstração:
-iYLPRVTXHܵܵ௬ = ܵܵ௫ SiJLQDH[HUFtFLR
ௌௌ೤ ௌௌ
(QWmR‫ݏ‬௬ = ට
௡ିଵ
= ට௡ ିೣଵ = ‫ݏ‬௫.
Propriedade: 6HMD~௫ = (‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ , … , ‫ݔ‬௡ ) XPD DPRVWUD GH GLPHQVmR݊, FRP ݊ > 1 GH XPD YDULiYHO
HVWDWtVWLFD‫ ݔ‬TXDQWLWDWLYDHVHMDߙ XPQ~PHURUHDO
2GHVYLR-SDGUmR‫ݏ‬௬ FRUUHVSRQGHQWHjDPRVWUD~௬ = ߙ ~௫ SRGHVHUREWLGRDSDUWLUGRGHVYLR-SDGUmR‫ݏ‬௫
DWUDYpVGDLJXDOGDGH‫ݏ‬௬ = |ߙ|‫ݏ‬௫ .
Demonstração:
-iYLPRVTXHܵܵ௬ = ߙ ଶ ܵܵ௫ SURSULHGDGHGHPRQVWUDGDQDSiJLQD
(QWmR
ௌௌ೤ ఈ మ ௌௌೣ ௌௌೣ

‫ݏ‬௬ = ට =ට = |ߙ|ට = |ߙ|‫ݏ‬௫
௡ିଵ ௡ିଵ ௡ିଵ
31.
a) 74 = ‫ݔ‬ҧ + 2‫ݏ‬௫ .
ଵ
(QWmRDSURSRUomRGHHOHPHQWRVGDDPRVWUDVXSHULRUHVDpLQIHULRUD = 25%.
ଶమ
b) [26, 74] = [‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 2‫ݏ‬௫ , ഥ‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ݔ‬௦ ].
ଵ
$SURSRUomRGH YDORUHVGDDPRVWUDTXHSHUWHQFHPDHVWHLQWHUYDORpQRPi[LPR1 െ = 75%.
ଶమ
$VVLP R Q~PHUR GH HOHPHQWRV GD DPRVWUD QHVWH LQWHUYDOR p QR Pi[LPR u
HOHPHQWRV
Aprende Fazendo
Páginas 188 a 196
଴×ସାଵ×଺ାଶ×ଷାଷ×ଶ ଵ଼
1. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 1,2
ସା଺ାଷାଶ ଵହ
(Opção C)

2. 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRV
n
௫(ళ) ା ௫(ఴ) ଷାଷ
‫= ݁ܯ‬ = =3
ଶ ଶ
(Opção D)
ଷାସାଵା଴ାଵାହା଺ାଷା଻ାଶା௞
3. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 7 ֞ =7
ଵଵ
֞ 32 + ݇ = 77
֞ ݇ = 45
(Opção C)
4. 1040 + 1040 × 2,5% = 1066

(Opção D)
3
5. ¦d i 0 (11 10, 2) (1) d3 0
i 1
d3 0, 2
(Opção A)
6. 6 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 1 = 18
ସ଴ × ଵ଼
= 7,2
ଵ଴଴
ସ଴ × ଵ଼
6< < 6+5
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲସ଴ ‫[ א‬750,1000[. $VVLPܲସ଴ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
6 × 250 + 5 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 750) = 7,2 × 250 ֞ 1500 + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 3750 = 1800 ֞ 5‫ = ݔ‬4050 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬810
/RJRܲସ଴ =
(Opção D)
7. $ DILUPDomR , p YHUGDGHLUD Mi TXH R WRWDO GDV LGDGHV SDVVD D VHU PHQRU H SRUWDQWR D PpGLD
GLPLQXL $ DILUPDomR ,, SRGH VHU IDOVD XPD YH] TXH QDGD VH VDEH TXDQWR j GLVSHUVmR GRV
GDGRV $DILUPDomR,,,SRGHVHUIDOVDXPDYH]TXHQmRVHVDEHDPpGLDLQLFLDOGDVLGDGHV
(Opção B)
8. ‫ݕ‬ത = 4 × ‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 3 = 4 × 5 െ 3 = 17
‫ݏ‬௬ = 4‫ݏ‬௫ = 4 × 2 = 8
(Opção B)
9. $ DILUPDomR , p YHUGDGHLUD XPD YH] TXH RV YDORUHV GD DPRVWUD QmR VmR WRGRV LJXDLV ORJR R
YDORUGDPpGLDQmRpRPDLRUGHOHV $DILUPDomR,,pYHUGDGHLUDXPDYH]TXHFRPRRVYDORUHV
GDDPRVWUDQmRVmRWRGRVLJXDLVRGHVYLR-SDGUmRQmRSRGHVHU]HUR
$DILUPDomR,,,SRGHVHUIDOVDVHRVYDORUHVFHQWUDLVGDGLVWULEXLomRIRUHPGLIHUHQWHVGH
(Opção C)

10. 2GHVYLR-SDGUmRGHTXDOTXHUGLVWULEXLomRpVHPSUHQmRQHJDWLYRSHORTXHVHHOLPLQDDRSomR
A. &RPRRV YDORUHVGDDPRVWUDQmRVmRWRGRVLJXDLVHQWmRRGHVYLR-SDGUmRQmRp ]HURSHOR
TXHVHHOLPLQDDRSomR& 7DPEpPGHFRUUHGHRVYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDQmRVHUHPWRGRVLJXDLV
TXHDPpGLDQmRpLJXDODRPDLRUGHOHVSHORTXHVHHOLPLQDDRSomR'
(Opção B)
11. ݀ଵ + ݀ଶ + ݀ଷ + ݀ସ = 0 ֞ െ1,4 + 1,5 + 0,5 + ݀ସ = 0 ֞ ݀ସ = െ0,6

ܵܵ௫ = (െ1,4)ଶ + 1,5ଶ + 0,5ଶ + (െ0,6)ଶ = 4,82
ସ,଼ଶ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට ൎ 1,3
ସିଵ
(Opção A)
12. 4 = ‫ݔ‬ҧ + 3‫ݏ‬௫

ଵ
(QWmR D SURSRUomR GH HOHPHQWRV GD DPRVWUD LQIHULRUHV D p LQIHULRU D ൎ 11% RX VHMD R
ଷమ
Q~PHUR GH HOHPHQWRV GD DPRVWUD LQIHULRUHV D p QR Pi[LPR /RJR D DILUPDomR & p
QHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUD
(Opção C)
13.
ଶଵ ା ଶଷ ା ଶ଺ ା ଵଽ ା ଵଽ
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 21,6 DQRV
ହ
‫ݕ‬ത = 21,6 + 13 = 34,6 DQRV
b) ܵܵ௫ = σହ௜ୀଵ ‫ݔ‬௜ ଶ െ 5 × ‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ = 21ଶ + 23ଶ + 26ଶ + 19ଶ + 19ଶ െ 5 × 21,6ଶ = 35,2
ܵܵ௬ = ܵܵ௫ = 35,2 DQRV2
ଵ଻×ଷାଵ଼×ଶଶାଵଽ×ସସାଶ଴×ସଶାଶଵ×ଶଶାଶଶ×ଵ଴ାଶଷ×଺ାଶସ×ଵ ଶଽ଺଻
14. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 19,78
ଷାଶଶାସସାସଶାଶଶାଵ଴ା଺ାଵ ଵହ଴
8 2
§~ ·
SS x ¦ ¨ x j x ¸ nj
j 1© ¹
= (17 െ 19,78)ଶ × 3 + (18 െ 19,78)ଶ × 22 + (19 െ 19,78)ଶ × 44 + (20 െ 19,78)ଶ × 42
+(21 െ 19,78)ଶ × 22 + (22 െ 19,78)ଶ × 10 + (23 െ 19,78)ଶ × 6 + (24 െ 19,78)ଶ × 1
= 283,74
ௌௌೣ ଶ଼ଷ,଻ସ
‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ = = ൎ 1,90
ଵହ଴ ି ଵ ଵସଽ
ଶ଼ଷ,଻ସ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ඥ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ = ට ൎ 1,38
ଵସଽ
15.
7+ 12 + 24 + 36 + 14 + 5 + 41 + 17 + 19 + 24 + 31 + 12 + 6 + 19 + 42 + 46 + 51 + 17 + 4 + 19 + 12 + 25 + 32 + 16
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ =
24
= 22,125
2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRVGDDPRVWUD


&RPRDGLPHQVmRGDDPRVWUDpTXHpXPQ~PHURSDURYDORUGDPHGLDQDpGDGRSRU
௫ మర ା௫ మర
ቀ ቁ ቀ శభቁ ௫భమ ା௫భయ ଵଽାଵଽ ଷ଼
మ మ
‫= ݁ܯ‬ = = = =
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
଻ହ × ଶସ
b) = 18 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR
ଵ଴଴
௫(భఴ) ା ௫(భవ) ଷଵ ା ଷଶ
(QWmRܲ଻ହ = = = 31,5.
ଶ ଶ
c)
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ହ × ସ ା ଵହ × ଵ଴ ା ଶହ × ଷ ା ଷହ × ଷ ା ସହ × ଷ ା ହହ × ଵ
i. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 22,5
ଶସ
ହ଴ × ଶସ
= 12, TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR
ଵ଴଴
௫(భమ) ା ௫(భయ) ଵଽ ା ଵଽ
(QWmR‫ܲ = ݁ܯ‬ହ଴ = = = 19.
ଶ ଶ
଻ହ×ଶସ
ii. 4 + 10 + 3 < < 4 + 10 + 3 + 3
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲ଻ହ ‫[ א‬30,40[.
$VVLPܲ଻ହ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
4 × 10 + 10 × 10 + 3 × 10 + 3 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 30) = 18 × 10 ֞ 170 + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 90 = 180 ֞ 3‫ = ݔ‬100
ଵ଴଴
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଷ
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲ଻ହ = .
ଷ
d) 2VYDORUHVPDLVFRUUHWRVVmRRVTXHVHREWLYHUDPQDDOtQHDD)SRLVIRUDPFDOFXODGRVXVDQGRRV
GDGRVGDDPRVWUD
16.
ହ × ଻ ା ଵହ × ହ ା ଶହ × ଵ଴ ା ଷହ × ଵ ା ସହ × ଷ ା ହହ × ଶ ା ଺ହ × ଶ ଻଻଴
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = ൎ 25,7
଻ାହାଵ଴ାଵାଷାଶାଶ ଷ଴
ଶହ×ଷ଴
b) 7 < <7+5
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲଶହ ‫[ א‬10,20[.
$VVLPܲଶହ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
7 × 10 + 5 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 10) = 7,5 × 10 ֞ 70 + 5‫ ݔ‬െ 50 = 75 ֞ 5‫ = ݔ‬55
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬55
/RJRܲଶହ = 11.
ଽ଴×ଷ଴
7 + 5 + 10 + 1 + 3 < < 7 + 5 + 10 + 1 + 3 + 2
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲଽ଴ ‫[ א‬50,60[.

$VVLPܲଽ଴ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
7 × 10 + 5 × 10 + 10 × 10 + 1 × 10 + 3 × 10 + 2 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 50) = 27 × 10 ֞ 260 + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 100 = 270
֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬110
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬55
/RJRܲଽ଴ = 55.
ଽହ×ଷ଴
7 + 5 + 10 + 1 + 3 + 2 < < 7 + 5 + 10 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 2
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲଽହ ‫[ א‬60,70[.
$VVLPܲଽହ pDVROXomRGDHTXDomR
7 × 10 + 5 × 10 + 10 × 10 + 1 × 10 + 3 × 10 + 2 × 10 + 2 × (‫ ݔ‬െ 60) = 28,5 × 10
֞ 280 + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 120 = 285
֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬125
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬62,5
/RJRܲଽହ = 62,5.
17.
a) ‫ݔ‬௡ = 3݊ + 4, ݊ ‫{ א‬1, 2, … , 5}
5
b)
¦ (3i 4)
i 1
18.
a)
࢞࢏ 2
࢔࢏ 0,2 × 25 = 5 0,28 × 25 = 7 0,28 × 25 = 7 0,04 × 25 = 1 0,16 × 25 = 4 0,04 × 25 = 1
଴×ହାଵ×଻ାଶ×଻ାଷ×ଵାସ×ସାହ×ଵ ସହ
b) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 1,8
ଶହ ଶହ
଻ହ × ଶହ
c) = 18,75 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR
ଵ଴଴
(QWmRܲ଻ହ = ‫(ݔ‬ଵଽ) = 2.
/RJRKi + + FROHJDVGR3HGURFRPPDLVWLRVTXHRSHUFHQWLOGDDPRVWUD
19.
a) ‫ݕ‬ത = 7‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 3 = 7 × 20 െ 3 = 137
‫ݏ‬௬ = 7‫ݏ‬௫ = 7 × 2,5 = 17,5
ௌௌೣ ௌௌೣ
b) ‫ݏ‬௫ = 2,5 ֞ ට = 2,5 ֞ = 6,25 ֞ ܵܵ௫ = 181,25
ଷ଴ ି ଵ ଶଽ
ܵܵ௬ = 7ଶ × ܵܵ௫ = 49 × 181,25 = 8881,25

ௌௌ೤ ଼଼଼ଵ,ଶହ
‫ݏ‬௬ ଶ = = = 306,25
ଷ଴ ି ଵ ଶଽ
20.
ଵ଴,ଽ ା ଵଵ,ଵ ା ଽ,ଽ ା ଵ଴,ଷ ା ଵ଴,଺ ା ଵଵ,ଷ ା ଵ଴,଼
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 10,7 VHJXQGRV
଻

ଶହ × ଻
b) TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଶହ = ‫(ݔ‬ଶ) = 10,3. 3RGHPRVHQWmR FRQFOXLUTXHSHOR
ଵ଴଴
PHQRVGRVYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDVmRLQIHULRUHVRXLJXDLVDVHJXQGRV
n n n
5
21. ¦i 05 ¦ i 5 ¦i 5
i 0 i 1 i 1
ଶ଴ × ଵ଴ ା ଷ଼ × ଵଶ ା ଶଶ × ଵସ ଽ଺ସ
22. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 12,05
ଶ଴ ା ଷ଼ ା ଶଶ ଼଴
23.
଴,ହ ା ଴,଺ ା ଴,଺ ା ଴,଻ ା … ା ସ,ଵ ା ସ,ଵ ା ସ,ଶ
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 2,345 PP
ସ଴
b)
Diâmetro (em mm) ࢔࢏
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଴,଻ହ × ଻ ା ଵ,ଶହ × ଺ ା ଵ,଻ହ × ସ ା ଶ,ଶହ × ହ ା ଶ,଻ହ × ଷ ା ଷ,ଶହ × ଷ ା ଷ,଻ହ × ଻ ା ସ,ଶହ × ହ
‫ݔ‬ҧ = = 2,4125 PP
ସ଴
c) GRVYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDVmRLQIHULRUHVDRSHUFHQWLOGHRUGHP
24.
ଷହ ା ଴ ା ଵ଴ ା ଻଻ ା ଺ହ ା ଵ ା ଶ଺ ା ଻଼ ା ଶ ା ଵ ା ଶ ା ଻଺ ା ଵଵ ା ଷ ା ଶ ା ଺ଶ ା ଵ ା ଵଵ଼ ା ଵ଺ ା ଷ଴ ା ଵଶ ା ଼ଷ ା ଷଽ ା ଻ଵ
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = ൎ 34,2
ଶସ
ௌௌೣ σమర మ
೔సభ ௫೔ ି ଶସ × ଷସ,ଶ
మ ହ଺଺଻ଽ ି ଶ଼଴଻ଵ,ଷ଺
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට =ට =ට ൎ 35,3
ଶସ ି ଵ ଶଷ ଶଷ
ଷସ,ଶ × ଶସ ା ଵସ × ହ
b) ‫ݔ‬ҧ ൎ ൎ 37,1
ଶସ
25.
a) 2UGHQDQGRRVGDGRVGDDPRVWUD

$VVLP
ଶହ × ଷଶ ௫(ఴ) ା ௫(వ) ଵଶ ା ଵଶ
= 8 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଶହ = = = 12.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
ହ଴ × ଷଶ ௫(భల) ା ௫(భళ) ଵଽ ା ଶ଴
= 16 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲହ଴ = = = 19,5.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
଻ହ × ଷଶ ௫(మర) ା ௫(మఱ) ଷ଺ ା ଷ଻
= 24 TXHpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲ଻ହ = = = 36,5.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ

଻଴ × ଷଶ
b) = 22,4 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR
ଵ଴଴
(QWmRܲ଻଴ = ‫(ݔ‬ଶଷ) = 35.
/RJRRSHUFXUVRFRPPHQRUGXUDomR HQWUHRVGRVSHUFXUVRVFRPPDLRUGXUDomRWHP
PLQXWRV
26.
ଵ଴ × ଵ଼
a) = 1,8 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଵ଴ = ‫(ݔ‬ଶ) = 8,1 Ԩ.
ଵ଴଴
ଵହ × ଵ଼
= 2,7 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲଵହ = ‫(ݔ‬ଷ) = 8,5 Ԩ.
ଵ଴଴
ହ଴ × ଵ଼ ௫(వ) ା ௫భబ ଵ଴,ଽ ା ଵଵ
= 9 TXH pXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲହ଴ = = = 10,95 Ԩ.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
଻ହ × ଵ଼
= 13,5 TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmRܲ଻ହ = ‫(ݔ‬ଵସ) = 12,6 Ԩ.
ଵ଴଴
଼ହ × ଵ଼
= 15, TXHQmRpXPQ~PHURLQWHLUR(QWmR଼ܲହ = ‫(ݔ‬ଵ଺) = 13,4 Ԩ.
ଵ଴଴
b) ‫(ݔ‬ଵଵ) = 11,6
ଵ଼௞
6HQGR ݇ D RUGHP GR SHUFHQWLO TXH VH SURFXUD SUHWHQGH-VH TXH VHMD QmR LQWHLUR H TXH
ଵ଴଴
ଵ଼௞ ଵ଼௞
ቂ ቃ +1 = 11(QWmRWHP-VHTXH10 < < 11ORJR55,6 < ݇ < 61,1/RJRFRUUHVSRQGH
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴
DRVSHUFHQWLVGHRUGHQVH
c) GLVWULWRV DSUHVHQWDUDPWHPSHUDWXUDVPtQLPDVVXSHULRUHVDRSHUFHQWLOGHRUGHP
d) 7RGRV RV SHUFHQWLV UHIHUHQWHV jV WHPSHUDWXUDV PtQLPDV GR PrV GH DJRVWR GH VmR PDLV
EDL[RVGRTXHRVSHUFHQWLVGHLJXDORUGHPUHIHUHQWHVjVWHPSHUDWXUDVPtQLPDVGRPrVGHMXOKR
GHRTXHVLJQLILFDTXHIRUDPHPJHUDOPDLVEDL[DVHPDJRVWRGHGRTXHHPMXOKRGH

27.
଻ ା ଽ ା ଺ ା ହ ା ଵ଴ ା ହ ା ଻ ସଽ
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = =7
଻ ଻
b) 2OXFURPpGLRGLiULRp5 × 7 = 35 HXURV
c) 2OXFURPpGLRGLiULRQDVHPDQDVHJXLQWHp(7 + 2) × 5 = 45 HXURV
28.
a) ݀ଵ = ‫ݔ‬ଵ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ െ1 = 4 െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ֞ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 5
௫
b) ~
= ൫4, 4, 4, 4, ‫(ݔ‬ହ) ൯
(QWmR
ସ ା ସ ା ସ ା ସ ା ௫(ఱ)
‫ݔ‬ҧ = 5 ֞ = 5 ֞ 16 + ‫(ݔ‬ହ) = 25 ֞ ‫(ݔ‬ହ) = 9
ହ
/RJR‫ݔ‬෤ = {4, 9}.
ௌௌೣ (ସ ି ହ)మ × ସ ା (ଽ ି ହ)మ × ଵ ଶ଴

c) ‫ݏ‬௫ = ට = ට = ට = ξ5
ହିଵ ସ ସ

29.
௬
a) ~
= 4 ~௫ െ 3
ଶା଼ାଷାଶାଵାଷା଴ ଵଽ
b) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = ൎ 2,71
଻ ଻
మ
ଶ మ ା ଼మ ା ଷమ ା ଶమ ା ଵమ ା ଷమ ା ଴మ ି ଻ × ቀభవቁ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ඨ
ళ
ൎ 2,56
଻ିଵ
c) ‫ݕ‬ത = 4‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 3 ൎ 4 × 2,71 െ 3 = 7,84

‫ݏ‬௬ ൎ 4 × 2,56 = 10,24
ଵ
d) ܵܵ௬ = 4ଶ ܵܵ௫ ֞ ܵܵ௫ = ܵܵ௬
ଵ଺
30. ‫(ݔ‬ଵହ) = 6 YDLVHUVXEVWLWXtGRSRU‫(ݔ‬ଵହ) + ݄ = 6 + ݄6HMD~௬ DQRYDDPRVWUD (QWmR

ସାଷାଷାଶାଵାଷା଴ା଴ା଺ା௛ାଶାସାଷାହା଴ାଵ
‫ݕ‬ത > ‫(ݔ‬ଵସ) ֞ >5
ଵହ
ଷ଻ା ௛
֞ >5
ଵହ
֞ 37 + ݄ > 75 ֞ ݄ > 38
31.
a) ݀ଵ + ݀ଶ + ݀ଷ + ݀ସ = 0 ֞ 4 െ 5 + 0,5 + ݀ସ = 0 ֞ ݀ସ = 0,5
σర೔సభ ௗ೔ మ ସమ ା (ିହ)మ ା (଴,ହ)మ ା (଴,ହ)మ ସଵ,ହ

/RJR‫ݏ‬௫ = ට = ට = ට ൎ 3,7.
ସିଵ ସ ଷ
b) ݀ସ = 0,5 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 0,5 ֞ 0 െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 0,5 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = െ0,5
32.
଺ ା ହ ା ଻ ା ହ,ଵ ା ହ,ଶ ା ଺,ସ ା ଺,଻ ା ଺,଼ ା ହ,ଽ ା ହ,଼ ା ଺,଻ ା ଻,ଵ ଻ଷ,଻
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = ൎ 6,14 ݈
ଵଶ ଵଶ
b) ‫(ݔ = )଼(ݔ‬ଽ) = 6,7
ଵଶ௞
6HQGR ݇ D RUGHP GR SHUFHQWLO TXH VH SURFXUD SUHWHQGH-VH TXH VHMD QmR LQWHLUR H TXH
ଵ଴଴
ଵଶ௞ ଵଶ௞ ଵଶ௞
ቂ ቃ +1 = 8 RXቂ ቃ +1 = 9. (QWmRWHP-VHTXH7 < < 9, ORJR58,3 < ݇ < 75.
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴
/RJRFRUUHVSRQGHDRVSHUFHQWLVGHRUGHQV ݇, FRP݇ ‫{ א‬59, 60, … , 74}.
33.
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 20 × 1,35 = 27 HXURV
b) 23 × 27 = 621 HXURV
c) ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ = (1,35 × 15)ଶ = 410,0625 HXURV2

ଵ଴ ଵ଴
34. 0 = 10 െ × 3 = ‫ݔ‬ҧ െ ‫ݏ‬௫
ଷ ଷ
ଵ
(QWmRDSHUFHQWDJHPGHYDORUHVGDDPRVWUDTXH VmR LQIHULRUHVDpQRPi[LPR భబ మ
= 9%.
ቀ ቁ
య
ଶ×ଵାହ×ଶା଺×ଷା௞×ସ
35. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 3,5 ֞ = 3,5 ֞ 30 + 4݇ = 3,5(13 + ݇) ֞ 4݇ െ 3,5݇ = 45,5 െ 30
ଶାହା଺ା௞
֞ 0,5݇ = 15,5
֞ ݇ = 31
36.
ଷ଺×ଵଷିଵଶା௫
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ ൒ 13,5 ֞ ൒ 13,5 ֞ 456 + ‫ ݔ‬൒ 486 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 30
ଷ଺
/RJRQmRpSRVVtYHOREWHUPpGLDLJXDORXVXSHULRUDPHOKRUDQGRDSHQDVDQRWDGHGLUHLWR
b) 6HMD݇ RWRWDOGDVFODVVLILFDo}HVGR$QWyQLRGHIRUPDDTXHDVXDPpGLDVHMD
௞
= 13,5 ֞ ݇ = 486
ଷ଺
&RPPpGLDDV VXDVFODVVLILFDo}HVVRPDP/RJR – =
3DUDREWHUPpGLDLJXDODR$QWyQLRWHUiGHPHOKRUDUYDORUHV
37.
ଶ ା ହ ା ଻ ା ହ ା ଷ ା ଴ ା ଽ ା ଵଶ ା ଵ଻ ା ଺ ଺଺
a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 6,6
ଵ଴ ଵ଴
଴ା଺ାଽାଷା଺ାସା଻ାଷା଻ ସହ
‫ݕ‬ത = = =5
ଽ ଽ
ଵ଴௫ҧ ା ଽ௬ത ଵ଴ × ଺,଺ ା ଽ × ହ ଵଵଵ
‫ݖ‬ҧ = = =
ଵଽ ଵଽ ଵଽ
10
2
b) SS 2
10 x 662 10 u 43,52 226, 4
x ¦x
i 1
i
– = JUDXVGHOLEHUGDGH
9
2 2
SS y ¦y i 9y 285 9 u 25 60
i 1
2
19
§ 111 · 2
SS z
i 1
¦ zi2 19 z
947 19 u ¨
© 19 ¹
¸ | 298,53
19 2
c) ܵܵ௭ = ¦
i 1
zi z
10 2 9 2
=
¦
i 1
xi z ¦ yi z
i 1

10 9
i
i 1

= ¦ x 2 2x z z
i
2
¦ y
i 1
i
2
2 yi z z
2

10 10 10 2 9 9 9 2
= 2
2 z ¦ xi ¦ z ¦ yi2 2 z ¦ yi ¦ z
¦x
i 1
i
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1

10
10
2 2 2
¦x i 10 2 9
2 2
¦x 10 x 10 x 2 z u 10 i 1
¦ z ¦ yi2 9 y 9 y
10
i
i 1 i 1 i 1
9
¦y i 9 2
2 z u 9 i 1
¦z
9 i 1
= ܵܵ௫ + 10‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ െ 2‫ݖ‬ҧ × 10‫ݔ‬ҧ + 10‫ݖ‬ҧ ଶ + ܵܵ௬ + 9‫ݕ‬ത ଶ െ 2‫ݖ‬ҧ × 9‫ݕ‬ത + 9‫ݖ‬ҧଶ
= ܵܵ௫ + ܵܵ௬ + 10(‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ െ 2‫ݔ‬ҧ ‫ݖ‬ҧ + ‫ݖ‬ҧ ଶ ) + 9(‫ݕ‬ത ଶ െ 2‫ݕ‬ത‫ݖ‬ҧ + ‫ݖ‬ҧ ଶ )
= ܵܵ௫ + ܵܵ௬ + 10(‫ݔ‬ҧ െ ‫ݖ‬ҧ)ଶ + 9(‫ݕ‬ത െ ‫ݖ‬ҧ)ଶ
ௌௌೣ
d) -RDTXLP‫ݏ‬௫ = ට = Y ൎ 5,02 FG
ଽ
ௌௌ೤ ଺଴
$IRQVR‫ݏ‬௬ = ට = ට ൎ 2,74 FG
଼ ଼
/RJRR-RDTXLPWHYHPDLVYDULDELOLGDGHQRQ~PHURGHULIDVYHQGLGDV
38.
200 200 200 200 200
a)
¦ y ¦ 3( x 5) 3¦ ( x 5) 3¦ x 3¦ 5 = 3 × 30 െ 3 × 5 × 200 = െ2910
i 1
i
i 1
i
i 1
i
i 1
i
i 1
200 200 200

b) ¦ (x y ) ¦ x ¦ y
i 1
i i
i 1
i
i 1
i
= 30 െ 2910 = െ2880
3RURXWURODGR
200 4 200
¦ (x y ) ¦ (x y ) ¦ (x y )
i 1
i i
i 1
i i
i 5
i i
4 200
¦ ( x 3( x 5)) ¦ ( x y )
i 1
i i
i 5
i i
4 200
¦ (4 xi 15) ¦ ( xi yi )
i 1 i 5
4 4 200
4¦ xi ¦15 ¦ ( xi yi )
i 1 i 1 i 5
200
4 u10 4 u 15 ¦ ( xi yi )
i 5
200
20 ¦ ( xi yi )
i 5
/RJR
200 200
20 ¦ ( xi yi ) 2880 ¦ ( xi yi ) 2860
i 5 i 5

39. ‫(ݔ‬௡) YDLVHUVXEVWLWXtGRSRU‫(ݔ‬௡) + ݄6HMD~௬ DQRYDDPRVWUD
(QWmR
n
¦xi 1
( n ) ା௛ n
‫ݕ‬ത > ‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) ֞
௡
> ‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) ֞ ¦x
i 1
(n) + ݄ > ݊‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ)
n
֞ ݄ > ݊‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) െ ¦x
i 1
(n)
¦x i 1
(n)
֞ ݄ > ݊‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) െ ݊
௡
֞ ݄ > ݊‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) െ ݊‫ݔ‬ҧ
֞ ݄ > ݊൫‫(ݔ‬௡ିଵ) െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ ൯
$ PpGLD QmR WUDGX] EHP D ORFDOL]DomR FHQWUDO GD QRYD DPRVWUD SRLV p VXSHULRU D ݊ െ 1
HOHPHQWRVGDDPRVWUD
40.
a) $ DPRVWUD A WHP GLPHQVmR݊, VHQGR݊ > 'HVVHV݊ YDORUHV GD YDULiYHO Ki‫ ݎ‬YDORUHV IRUD GR
LQWHUYDOR[‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 2‫ݏ‬, ‫ݔ‬ҧ + 2‫]ݏ‬. 2XVHMDSDUD݅ ‫{ א‬1, … ‫}ݎ‬, ‫ݔ‬௜ ‫ݔ[ ב‬ҧ െ 2‫ݏ‬, ‫ݔ‬ҧ + 2‫]ݏ‬.
/RJR
‫ݔ‬௜ < ‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 2‫ݔ ש ݏ‬௜ > ‫ݔ‬ҧ + 2‫ݔ ֞ ݏ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ < െ2‫ݔ ש ݏ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ > 2‫ݏ‬
֞ |‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ | > 2‫ݏ‬
8PDYH]TXH|‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ | ൒ 0, GDTXLYHPTXH:
(‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ )ଶ > (2‫)ݏ‬ଶ ֞ (‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ )ଶ > 4‫ ݏ‬ଶ
b) 'DDOtQHDDQWHULRUYHPTXHSDUD݅ ‫{ א‬1, … ‫}ݎ‬, (‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ )ଶ > 4‫ ݏ‬ଶ .

r r r
(QWmR, ¦ ( x x) ! ¦ 4s
i
2 2
¦ ( xi x) 2 ! 4rs 2 .
i 1 i 1 i 1
n r n r
2 2 2 2
c)
¦ ( x x) ¦ ( x x) ¦ ( x x) !¦ ( x x)
i i i i ! 4rs 2
i 1 i 1 i r i 1
n
7HP-VHHQWmRTXH ¦ ( x x) i
2
! 4rs 2 .
i 1
n
2
ௌௌೣ
¦ ( x x)
i 1
i
ସ௥௦ మ
d) ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ = = >
௡ିଵ ௡ି ଵ ௡ିଵ
/RJR
ସ௥௦ మ
‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ > ֞ (݊ െ 1)‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ
௡ିଵ
$VVLP
(݊ െ 1)‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ ֞ ݊‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ െ ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ
֜ ݊‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ RXVHMD݊‫ ݏ‬ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ
'DTXLUHVXOWDTXH
1
݊ > 4‫ ֞ ݎ‬4‫< ݎ ֞ ݊ < ݎ‬ ݊ ֞ ‫ < ݎ‬0,25݊
4
e) 'DDOtQHDD)FRQFOXL-VHTXH(‫ݔ‬௜ െ ‫ݔ‬ҧ )ଶ > ݇ ଶ ‫ ݏ‬ଶ .
r n
3HORTXHGDDOtQHDE), ¦ ( xi x)2 ! k 2 rs 2 HGDDOtQHDF), ¦ ( xi x)2 ! k 2 rs 2 .
i 1 i 1
(QWmRSHODDOtQHDG), (݊ െ 1)‫ ݏ‬ଶ > 4‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ H݊‫ ݏ‬ଶ > ݇ ଶ ‫ ݏݎ‬ଶ ORJR
ଵ
݊ > ݇ ଶ ‫ ݇ ֞ ݎ‬ଶ‫< ݎ ֞ ݊ < ݎ‬ ݊
௞మ
Desafios
Página 197
1.
a) 7HPRVDVHJXLQWHDPRVWUDGHVLQXRVLGDGHV
‫( = ݔ‬340/165, 108/108, 135/89, 897/ 491, 147/90, 258/115, 1038/696, 180/91, 145/66, 829/363)
3DUDHVWDDPRVWUDDPpGLD ‫ ݔ‬ൎ 1,8231.
| 1,5264 HGHVYLR-SDGUmR ܵ௫ = ට
ௌௌೣ
b) 3DUDHVWDDPRVWUDREWHPRV SSx ൎ 0,41183.
ଽ
2.
a) &RQVXOWDURSRUWDOKWWSSLPHDULYHUFRP.
b) ,QWXLWLYDPHQWHDPHOKRUHVWLPDWLYDpGDGDSHODPpGLDHGHVYLR-SDGUmRDSUHVHQWDGDQRSRUWDO
3RU GXDV UD]}HV D DPRVWUD p PXLWR PDLRU H PXLWR PDLV GLYHUVLILFDGD $V VLQXRVLGDGHV GRV ULRV
GHSHQGHPGRWLSRGHUHOHYRHGRWLSRGHVROR
UPD DPRVWUD TXH FRQWHQKD ULRV GH YiULRV SDtVHV H ]RQDV GR PXQGR FRQWpP XPD PDLRU
GLYHUVLGDGHGHVLWXDo}HVH, SRUWDQWR, GHYHIRUQHFHUPHOKRUHVHVWLPDWLYDV

Exercícios de aplicação
Tema I – Lógica e teoria dos conjuntos
Páginas 4 a 9
1.
1.1. ³2PHQRUQ~PHURSULPR.” – GHVLJQDomR
1.2. ³$VRPDGHFRPpLJXDOD.” – SURSRVLomR
1.3. ³([LVWHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOFXMRGREURp.” – SURSRVLomR
1.4. “ߨ pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDO.” – SURSRVLomR
1.5. ³$FLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURA HUDLR.” – GHVLJQDomR
1.6. ³$VRPDGDVDPSOLWXGHVGRVkQJXORVLQWHUQRVGHTXDOTXHUWULkQJXORp180°.” – SURSRVLomR
2. $VRPDGHFRPp." – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
([LVWHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOFXMRGREURp– SURSRVLomRIDOVD
"S pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDO– SURSRVLomRIDOVD
pXPQ~PHURSULPR– SURSRVLomRIDOVD
$ VRPD GDV DPSOLWXGHV GRV kQJXORV LQWHUQRV GH TXDOTXHU WULkQJXOR p – SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD
3.
3.1. a) ‫ݍ ר ݌‬: “$/XDpXPVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGD7HUUDHD7HUUDpRWHUFHLURSODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6RO.”
b) ‫ݎ ש ݍ‬: “$7HUUDpRWHUFHLURSODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6RORX0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XO.”
c) ‫)ݎ ׽( ר ݍ‬: “$7HUUDpRWHUFHLURSODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6ROH0DUWHQmRpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XO.”
d) ~(‫ݍ ׽ ר ݌ ׽ ֞ )ݍ ש ݌‬: “1HP D /XD p XP VDWpOLWH QDWXUDO GD 7HUUD QHP D 7HUUD p R WHUFHLUR
SODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6RO.”
e) ‫)ݎ~( ֜ ݍ‬: “6HD7HUUDpRWHUFHLURSODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6ROHQWmR0DUWHQmRpFRQKHFLGRFRPRR
SODQHWDD]XO.”
f) ‫ݍ ֞ ݌‬: “$/XDpXPVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGD7HUUDVHHVyVH0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XO.”
3.2. a) ³$7HUUDpRWHUFHLURSODQHWDDFRQWDUGR6ROH0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWD D]XO.” – ‫ݎ ר ݍ‬
b) ³$/XDpXPVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGD7HUUDRX0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XO.” – ‫ݎ ש ݌‬
c) ³1HPD/XDpXPVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGD7HUUDQHP0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XO.” – ‫ݎ ׽ ר ݌ ׽‬
d) ³6H0DUWHpFRQKHFLGRFRPRRSODQHWDD]XOHQWmRD/XDQmRpXPVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGD7HUUD.”
– ‫݌~ ֜ ݎ‬
3.3. ‫ݍ ר ݌‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
‫ݎ ש ݍ‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫) ש‬DOVR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
‫ݎ ׽ ר ݍ‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
~(‫)ݍ ש ݌‬: ‫׽‬9HUGDGHLUR‫ ש‬9HUGDGHLUR֞ ‫׽‬9HUGDGHLUR֞ )DOVR
‫ݎ~ ֜ ݍ‬: (9HUGDGHLUR֜ 9HUGDGHLUR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
‫ ݍ‬฻ ‫ݎ‬: (9HUGDGHLUR֞ )DOVR֞ )DOVR
‫ݎ ר ݍ‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫) ר‬DOVR ֞ )DOVR
‫ݎ ש ݌‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫) ש‬DOVR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
‫ݎ ׽ ר ݌ ׽‬: ()DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR֞ )DOVR
‫݌~ ֜ ݎ‬: ()DOVR֜ )DOVR֞ 9HUGDGHLUR

4.
4.1. “2Q~PHUR QmRpXPQ~PHURSDURXQmRp SULPR.”
4.2. “2Q~PHURQmRpXPQ~PHURtPSDURX pSULPR.”
4.3. “2Q~PHURpXPQ~PHURtPSDURXpSULPR.”
4.4. “2Q~PHURpXPQ~PHURSDUHQmRpSULPR.”
4.5. “2Q~PHURpXPQ~PHURtPSDUHpXPQ~PHURSULPR.”
5.
5.1. a) ‫ݎ ר ݍ ר ݌‬: [9HUGDGHLUR‫) ר‬DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR] ֞ ()DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR ֞ )DOVR
b) ‫ݎ ר ݍ ר ݌ ׽‬: [)DOVR ‫) ר‬DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR] ֞ ()DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR ֞ )DOVR
c) (‫ݎ ฺ )ݍ ר ݌‬: [9HUGDGHLUR‫) ר‬DOVRฺ 9HUGDGHLUR] ֞ ()DOVRฺ 9HUGDGHLUR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
d) ‫ݎ~ ֜ ݍ ׽ ר ݌‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLURฺ )DOVR ֞ (9HUGDGHLURฺ )DOVR ֞ )DOVR
e) ~‫)ݎ ֜ ݍ( ֜ ݌‬: [)DOVR֜ )DOVR֜ 9HUGDGHLUR] ֞ ()DOVR֜ 9HUGDGHLUR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
5.2. a) ~(‫ݎ ׽ ש ݍ ׽ ש ݌~ ֞ )ݎ ר ݍ ר ݌‬
b) ‫ݎ ׽ ש ݍ ׽ ש ݌ ֞ )ݎ ר ݍ ר ݌ ׽( ׽‬
c) ~൫(‫ݎ ฺ )ݍ ר ݌‬൯ ֞ ‫ݎ ׽ ר ݍ ר ݌‬
d) ‫ )ݎ~ ֜ ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ׽‬฻ ‫ݎ ר ݍ ׽ ר ݌‬
e) ‫ ׽‬൫~‫)ݎ ֜ ݍ( ֜ ݌‬൯ ֞ ~‫ݎ ׽ ר ݍ ר ݌~ ֞ )ݎ ֜ ݍ( ׽ ר ݌‬
6. $SURSRVLomR‫ ݍ ש ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDORJR XPDYH]TXHDSURSRVLomR‫ ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDHQWmR‫ ݍ‬WHPGH

VHUYHUGDGHLUD
6.1. ‫ݍ ר ݌‬: ()DOVR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR ֞ )DOVR
6.2. ‫ݍ ש ݌ ׽‬: (9HUGDGHLUR‫ ש‬9HUGDGHLUR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
6.3. ‫)ݍ ר ݌ ׽( ׽‬: [‫׽‬9HUGDGHLUR‫ ר‬9HUGDGHLUR] ֞ ‫ ׽‬9HUGDGHLUR֞ )DOVR
6.4. ‫ݍ ׽ ֜ ݌‬: ()DOVR֜ )DOVR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
6.5. ‫ݍ~ ֞ ݌‬: ()DOVR֞ )DOVR ֞ 9HUGDGHLUR
7. (I) (~‫)ݍ ר ݌( ר )ݍ ׽ ש ݌‬
p q ~p ~q ~p v ~q p‫ר‬q (~p v ~q) ‫( ר‬p ‫ ר‬q)
V V F F F V F
V F F V V F F
F V V F V F F
F F V V V F F
1mRpXPDWDXWRORJLD
(II) ~(‫)ݍ ׽ ש ݌( ר )݌ ׽‬
p q ~p ~(~p) ~q p v ~q ~(~p) ‫( ר‬p v ~q)
V V F V F V V
V F F V V V V
F V V F F F F
F F V F V V F
1mRpXPDWDXWRORJLD
(III) a (‫ ݌‬a ‫( )ݍ‬a ‫)ݍ ݌‬
p q aq paq a (p a q) ap apq a (p a q) (a
a p q)
V V F V F F F V
V F V V F F F V
F V F F V V V V
F F V V F V F V
É XPDWDXWRORJLD.

‫@ݍ ݌( ‪ a‬ݍ ݌([ ‪(IV) a‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪pq‬‬ ‫‪pq‬‬ ‫)‪a (p q‬‬ ‫)‪(p q) a (p q‬‬ ‫])‪a [(p q) a (p q‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪É XPDWDXWRORJLD.‬‬
‫ݍ‪ a‬݌( ݍ ݌( ݌‪(V) (a‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪ap‬‬ ‫‪pq‬‬ ‫)‪ap (p q‬‬ ‫‪aq‬‬ ‫‪p aq‬‬ ‫)‪ap (p q)) (p a q‬‬
‫‪(a‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪É XPDWDXWRORJLD.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫݌ ֜ ݌ ׽ ‪8.1.‬‬ ‫)ݎ ֜ ݌( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌( ‪8.3.‬‬
‫݌ ש ݌ ׽׽ ֞‬ ‫)ݎ ש ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ש ݌ ׽( ֞‬
‫݌ש݌֞‬ ‫)ݎ ר ݍ( ש ݌ ׽֞‬
‫݌֞‬ ‫)ݎ ר ݍ( ֜ ݌ ֞‬
‫ݍ ֜ )ݍ ֜ ݌( ‪8.2.‬‬ ‫)ݍ ר ݎ( ֜ ݌ ֞‬
‫ݍ ש )ݍ ֜ ݌( ׽ ֞‬ ‫)ݎ ש ݍ( ֜ ݌ ‪8.4.‬‬
‫ݍ ש )ݍ ׽ר ݌( ֞‬ ‫)ݎ ש ݍ( ש ݌ ׽ ֞‬
‫)ݍ ש ݍ ׽( ר )ݍ ש ݌( ֞‬ ‫ݎשݍש݌ ׽֞‬
‫‪ V‬ר )ݍ ש ݌( ֞‬ ‫ݎ ש )ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ׽ ֞‬
‫ݍש݌֞‬ ‫ݎ ֜ )ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ֞‬
‫‪9.‬‬
‫݌ ׽ ר )ݍ ש ݌( ‪9.1.‬‬ ‫ݍר‪֞F‬‬
‫)݌ ׽ ר ݍ( ש )݌ ׽ ר ݌( ֞‬ ‫‪֞F‬‬
‫)݌ ׽ ר ݍ( ש ܨ ֞‬ ‫ݍ ר )ݍ ש ݌( ֜ )ݍ ש ݌( ר ݌ ׽ ‪9.4.‬‬
‫݌׽רݍ֞‬ ‫‪൯‬ݍ ר )ݍ ש ݌(‪ ൫‬ש ‪)൯‬ݍ ש ݌( ר ݌ ׽‪ ൫‬׽ ֞‬
‫)ݍ ֜ ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌( ‪9.2.‬‬ ‫ݍ ש )ݍ ש ݌( ש )ݍ ש ݌( ׽ש ݌ ֞‬
‫)ݍ ש ݌( ר )ݍ ש ݌ ׽( ֞‬ ‫)ݍ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ש ݌( ׽ש )ݍ ש ݌( ֞‬
‫ݍ ש ܨ ֞ ݍ ש )݌ ר ݌ ׽( ֞‬ ‫)ݍ ר ݌( ש ‪֞ V‬‬
‫ݍ֞‬ ‫‪֞V‬‬
‫)ݍ ׽ ֜ ݌( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌( ר ݌ ‪9.3.‬‬ ‫)ݍ ׽ ֜ ݌ ׽( ׽ ‪9.5.‬‬
‫)ݍ ׽ ש ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ש ݌ ׽( ר ݌ ֞‬ ‫ݍ ׽׽ ר ݌ ׽ ֞‬
‫)ݍ ׽ ש ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ר ݌( ש )݌ ׽ ר ݌( ֞‬ ‫ݍר݌ ׽֞‬
‫)ݍ ׽ ש ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ר ݌( ש ܨ ֞‬ ‫)ݍ ר ݌ ׽( ש )ݍ ש ݌(~ ‪9.6.‬‬
‫)ݍ ׽ ש ݌ ׽( ר )ݍ ר ݌( ֞‬ ‫)ݍ ר ݌ ׽( ש )ݍ ׽ ר ݌ ׽( ֞‬
‫])ݍ ׽ ר ݍ( ש )݌ ׽ ר ݍ([ ר ݌ ֞‬ ‫)ݍ ש ݍ ׽( ר ݌ ׽ ֞‬
‫]‪ F‬ש )݌ ׽ ר ݍ([ ר ݌ ֞‬ ‫‪V‬ר݌ ׽֞‬
‫)݌ ׽ ר ݍ( ר ݌ ֞‬ ‫݌ ׽֞‬
‫ݍר݌׽ר݌֞‬
‫‪Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬

10.
10.1. &RPR ‫ )ݎ ֜ ݍ( ֜ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomRIDOVD HQWmR‫ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD H ‫ ݎ ֜ ݍ‬p
XPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
/RJRXPDYH]TXH‫ ݎ ֜ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDWHP-VHTXH‫ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
H‫ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
10.2. &RPR ~(‫ ݎ ר )ݍ ֜ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD HQWmR ~(‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUDH‫ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
6HQGR~(‫ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬XPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHQWmR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDHSRUWDQWR
‫ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDH‫ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
11. 6DEH-VHTXHa(a( ‫ ݎ ݍ ݍ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD 2UD:

a(a( ‫ݍ ݍ ݎ‬
֞ (‫ݍ ׽ש )ݍ ֜ ݌‬
֞‫ݍ שݍש݌ ׽‬
֞‫ש݌ ׽‬V֞V
/RJRSDUDTXHDSURSRVLomRGRHQXQFLDGRVHMDYHUGDGHLUD‫ ݎ‬WHPGHVHUXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
12. ‫ ׽‬൫‫)݌ ֜ ݍ ׽( ש ݌ ׽‬൯

֞ ‫)݌ ֜ ݍ ׽( ׽ ר ݌‬
֞ ‫)݌ ׽ ר ݍ ׽( ר ݌‬
֞‫ݍ׽ר݌׽ר݌‬
֞F‫ݍ ׽ר‬
֞F
&RPR‫ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDHQWmRWHP-VH)DOVR֜ )DOVR֞ 9HUGDGHLURORJRDSURSRVLomR
GDGDpYHUGDGHLUD
13.
13.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 4 ู ‫ > ݔ‬2
13.2. ‫ > ݔ‬3 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 9
13.3. ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 27 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3
13.4. |‫ = |ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
13.5. ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 3 ֚ ‫ > ݔ‬4
13.6. |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| > 2 ֚ ‫ > ݔ‬1
13.7. ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ = ݔ‬0
13.8. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
14.
14.1. ³7RGRVRVTXDGUDGRVGHQ~PHURVUHDLVVmRSRVLWLYRVRXQXORV.”: ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0
14.2. ³([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUHDOQRLQWHUYDOR> 1].”: ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫[ א ݔ‬0, 1]
ଵ
14.3. ³7RGRRQ~PHURUHDOpLQIHULRUDRVHXLQYHUVR.”: ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫< ݔ‬
௫
14.4. ³$HTXDomR2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 9 WHPXPDVROXomRHPԳ.”: ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 9
14.5. ³7RGRVRVQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVVmRSRVLWLYRV.”: ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ > ݔ‬0
14.6. ³1HPWRGRVRVQ~PHURVLQWHLURVVmRSRVLWLYRV.”: ‫ א ݔ׌‬Ժ: ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0

14.7. ³+iQ~PHURVQDWXUDLVTXHVmRVROXomRGDLQHTXDomR2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 7.”: ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 7
14.8. ³7RGRVRVQ~PHURVLQWHLURVVmRQDWXUDLV”: ‫ א ݔ׊‬Ժ, ‫ א ݔ‬Գ
14.9. 1HPWRGRVRVQ~PHURVLQWHLURVVmRQDWXUDLV.": ‫ א ݔ׌‬Ժ: ‫ ב ݔ‬Գ
15.
15.1. ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: 0 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 - ([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOQRLQWHUYDOR]0, 1]."
15.2. ‫[ א ݔ׊‬0,1], ‫ > ݔ‬0 - "7RGRVRVQ~PHURVQRLQWHUYDOR[0, 1] VmR SRVLWLYRV
ଵ
15.3. ‫ א ݔ׌‬Է: ‫= ݔ‬ - "([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDOTXHpLJXDODRVHXLQYHUVR."
௫
15.4. ‫[ א ݔ׊‬2,5], 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ൑ 5 - "7RGRVRVQ~PHURVQRLQWHUYDOR>@VDWLVID]HPDFRQGLomR2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ൑ 5."
15.5. ‫ א ݔ׌‬Ժ: ‫] א ݔ‬3,4[ - ([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURLQWHLURHQWUHH
15.6. ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = 0 - "([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURUHDOWDOTXHDVRPDGRVHXTXDGUDGRFRP
pQXOD
15.7. ‫ א ݔ׊‬Է, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > ‫ ݔ‬- "7RGRVRVQ~PHURVUDFLRQDLVVmRPHQRUHVTXHRVVHXVTXDGUDGRV
15.8. ‫ א ݔ׊‬Ժ, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ ‫ ݔ‬- "7RGRVRVQ~PHURVLQWHLURVVmRLQIHULRUHVRXLJXDLVDRVVHXVTXDGUDGRV
15.9. ‫] א ݔ׌‬0, 1[: 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 - ([LVWHSHORPHQRVXPQ~PHURQRLQWHUYDOR]0, 1[ TXHpVROXomRGD
HTXDomR2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0."
16.
16.1. ~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: ‫ ݔ‬൒ 1 ‫ < ݔ ר‬2) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ < ݔ‬1 ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ 2
16.2. ~(‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ > ݔ‬2 ‫ < ݔ ש‬3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 3
16.3. ~(‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, 2 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ > ݔ ש‬3
16.4. ~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ > ݔ‬2 ‫ < ݔ ש‬3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݔ ר‬൒ 3
16.5. ~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: 2 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ > ݔ ש‬3
16.6. ~(‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ > ݔ‬2 ֜ ‫ > ݔ‬3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ > ݔ‬2 ‫ ݔ ר‬൑ 3
16.7. ~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ < ݔ‬2 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ > 3) ֞ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ < ݔ‬2 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൑ 3
17. ܷ = {ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ݀} ‫ܽ{ = ܣ‬, ܾ} e ‫ܽ{ = ܤ‬, ܿ, ݀}

17.1. ‫ܽ{ = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬, ܾ} ‫ܽ{ ׫‬, ܿ, ݀} = {ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ݀} = ܷ
17.2. ‫ܽ{ = ܤ ת ܣ‬, ܾ} ‫ܽ{ ת‬, ܿ, ݀} = {ܽ}
തതതതതതത
17.3. ‫ܣ‬ҧ = {ܽ, ܾ} = {ܿ, ݀}
തതതതതതത
17.4. ‫ܤ‬ത = {ܽ, ܿ, ݀ } = {ܾ}
17.5. ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܿ{ = ܤ ת‬, ݀} ‫ܽ{ ת‬, ܿ, ݀} = {ܿ, ݀}
17.6. ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ത = {ܽ, ܾ} ‫ܽ{ = }ܾ{ ׫‬, ܾ}
17.7. ‫ܽ{ = ܣ \ ܤ‬, ܿ, ݀} ‫ܽ{ ך‬, ܾ} = {ܿ, ݀}
17.8. ‫ܽ{ = ܤ \ ܣ‬, ܾ} ‫ܽ{ ך‬, ܿ, ݀} = {ܾ}
18. ‫ ݔ{ = ܣ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ ݔ{ = ܤ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} ‫ ݔ{ = ܥ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é primo}
18.1. ‫ ݔ{ = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ ݔ{ ׫‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par ou ímpar} = Գ
18.2. ‫ ݔ{ = ܤ ת ܣ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ ݔ{ ת‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par e ímpar} = ‫׎‬
18.3. ‫ ݔ{ = ܥ ת ܤ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} ‫ ݔ{ ת‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é primo} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar e primo} = ‫{ ך ܥ‬2}
18.4. ‫ ݔ{ = ܥ ת ܣ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ ݔ{ ת‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é primo} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par e primo} = {2}
തതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതത
18.5. ‫ܣ‬ҧ = {‫ݔ‬ Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} = ‫ܤ‬
തതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതത
18.6. ‫ܤ‬ത = {‫ݔ‬ Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} = ‫ܣ‬

തതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതത
18.7. ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ݔ{ ת‬ Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar} = {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} ‫ ݔ{ ת‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par}
= {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é par} = ‫ܣ‬
18.8. ‫ ݔ{ = ܤ \ ܥ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é primo} ‫ ݔ{ ך‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é ímpar}
= {‫ ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬é primo e ‫ ݔ‬não é ímpar} = {2}
19. ‫ ] = ܣ‬െ 1, 3]
‫[ = ܤ‬0, +λ[
19.1. ‫ܣ‬ҧ = ]തതതതതതതതതത
െ 1, 3] = Թ ‫ ]ך‬െ 1, 3] = ]െλ, െ1] ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[
തതതതതതതതതതത
19.2. ‫ܤ‬ത = [0, +λ[ = Թ ‫[ ך‬0, +λ[ = ]െλ, 0[ = Թି
19.3. ‫ ] = ܤ ך ܣ‬െ 1, 3] ‫[ ך‬0, + λ[ = ]െ1, 0[
19.4. ‫ ] = ܤ ׫ ܣ‬െ 1, 3] ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[ = ]െ1, +λ[
19.5. ‫ ] = ܤ ת ܣ‬െ 1, 3] ‫[ ת‬0, + λ [ = [0, 3]
തതതതതതതത
19.6. ‫ܣ‬ െ 1, 3] ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[ = തതതതതതതതതതതത
‫] = ܤ ׫‬തതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതതത ]െ1, +λ[ = ]െλ, െ1]
19.7. ‫ܣ‬ഥ ‫] = ܤ ׫‬തതതതതതതതതത
െ 1, 3] ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[ = ]െλ, െ1] ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[ ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[= ]െλ, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[
19.8. ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത = ] െ 1, 3] ‫ ת‬തതതതതതതതതതതത
[0, + λ[ = ] െ 1, 3] ‫] ת‬െλ, 0[ = ]െ1, 0[
തതതതതതതതതതതത
19.9. ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ത = ] െ 1, 3] ‫[ ׫‬0, + λ[ = ] െ 1, 3] ‫] ׫‬െλ, 0[ = ]െλ, 3]
19.10. ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫] = ܤ ת‬തതതതതതതതതത
െ 1, 3] ‫[ ת‬0, + λ[ = (]െλ, െ1] ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[) ‫[ ת‬0, + λ[ = ]3, +λ[
20. ‫{ = ܣ‬2, 3, 4, 5} ‫)ݔ(݌‬: "‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURSULPR‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: "‫ ݔ‬pP~OWLSORGH´
20.1. a) ‫ܣ א ݔ׊‬, ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPD SURSRVLomRIDOVDSRUTXHQmRpXPQ~PHURSULPR
b) ‫ܣ א ݔ׌‬: ‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬pXPD SURSRVLomRIDOVDSRUTXHQHQKXPGRVHOHPHQWRVGH‫ ܣ‬pP~OWLSORGH
20.2. a) ~൫‫ܣ א ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(݌‬൯ ֞ ‫ܣ א ݔ׌‬: ~‫" – )ݔ(݌‬E[LVWHSHORPHQRVXPHOHPHQWRGH‫ ܣ‬TXHQmR pXPQ~PHUR
SULPR."
b) ~൫‫ܣ א ݔ׌‬: ‫)ݔ(ݍ‬൯ ֞ ‫ܣ א ݔ׊‬, ~‫" – )ݔ(ݍ‬NHQKXPHOHPHQWRGH‫ ܣ‬pP~OWLSORGH
20.3. ‫ݔ(݌‬pSRVVtYHOHP‫ܣ‬SRLVRVQ~PHURVHVmRQ~PHURVSULPRV
q(‫ݔ‬pLPSRVVtYHOHP‫ܣ‬SRLVQmRKiHP‫ ܣ‬TXDOTXHUP~OWLSORGH
ap(‫ݔ‬pSRVVtYHOHP‫ܣ‬SRLVRQ~PHURQmRpXPQ~PHURSULPR
aq(‫ݔ‬pXQLYHUVDOHP‫ܣ‬SRLVWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVGH‫ ܣ‬QmRVmRP~OWLSORVGH
21. 3RUH[HPSOR
21.1. "2SDSDJDLRpXPTXDGULOiWHUR HQmRWHPDVGLDJRQDLVLJXDLV."
21.2. "2ORVDQJRpXPTXDGULOiWHURFRPRVODGRVWRGRVLJXDLVHQmRWHPRVkQJXORVLJXDLV."
21.3. "2Q~PHURpGLYLVRUGHPDVQmRpGLYLVRUGH."
21.4. "2Q~PHURpXPQ~PHURSULPRFRPGRLVDOJDULVPRVLJXDLV."
22.
22.1. A LPSOLFDomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRLV ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ < ݔ‬2 ֜ ‫ < ݔ‬5 pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDp‫ ݔ‬൒ 5 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2.
22.2. A LPSOLFDomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRLV ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬pP~OWLSORGH֜ ‫ ݔ‬pSDUpXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDp‫ ݔ‬ptPSDU ‫ ݔ‬QmRpP~OWLSORGH
22.3. $LPSOLFDomRpIDOVDSRLV‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ > ݔ‬1 ֜ ‫ > ݔ‬5 pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDSRUH[HPSOR! H
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDp ‫ ݔ‬൑ 5 ‫ ݔ‬൑ 1.

22.4. $LPSOLFDomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRLVRVWULkQJXORVUHWkQJXORVSRGHPVHU LVyVFHOHVRXHVFDOHQRVPDVQmR
HTXLOiWHURV.
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDpVHXPWULkQJXORpHTXLOiWHUR HQWmRQmRpUHWkQJXOR".
22.5. $LPSOLFDomRpIDOVDSRLVXPWULkQJXORSRGHVHULVyVFHOHVHUHWkQJXOR.
$ FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD GD LPSOLFDomR GDGD p "VH XP WULkQJXOR WHP kQJXORV LQWHUQRV UHWRV HQWmR QmR p
LVyVFHOHV".
22.6. $LPSOLFDomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRLVXPORVDQJRFRPDVGXDVGLDJRQDLVLJXDLVpXPTXDGUDGR.
$ FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD GD LPSOLFDomR GDGD p "VH XP ORVDQJR QmR p XP TXDGUDGR HQWmR QmR WHP DV
GLDJRQDLV LJXDLV".
22.7. $ LPSOLFDomR p YHUGDGHLUD SRLV QXP WULkQJXOR REWXVkQJXOR R kQJXOR H[WHUQR FRUUHVSRQGHQWH DR
kQJXORREWXVRpDJXGR.
$ FRQWUDUUHFtSURFD GD LPSOLFDomR GDGD p VH XP WULkQJXOR QmR p REWXVkQJXOR HQWmR QmR WHP XP
kQJXORH[WHUQRDJXGR.
22.8. $LPSOLFDomRpYHUGDGHLUD SRLV ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1.
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDp‫ ݔ‬ଶ z 1 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬z െ 1.
22.9. $LPSOLFDomRpIDOVDSRLVVH‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 1, HQWmR‫ ݔ‬SRGHVHULJXDOD 1.
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDLPSOLFDomRGDGDp‫ݔ‬z 1 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ z 1.
23. 4XHU-VHPRVWUDU TXHVHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊ pGLYLVtYHOSRU HQWmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU
6HMD݊ XPQ~PHURQDWXUDO6H݊ pGLYLVtYHOSRUHQWmR݊ ݇RQGH݇ pXPQ~PHURQDWXUDO
2UD݊ ݇ u ݇ ݇ /RJR݊ pP~OWLSORGHRXVHMD݊ pGLYLVtYHOSRU
24. ‫ א ݊׊‬Գ, ݊ଶ tPSDU฻ ݊ tPSDU

(֚) ݊ tPSDU֜ ݊ଶ tPSDU
6HMD݊ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ ptPSDU(QWmRH[LVWH݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ WDOTXH݊ = 2݇ + 1.
/RJR ݊ଶ = (2݇ + 1)ଶ = 4݇ ଶ + 4݇ + 1 = 2(2݇ ଶ + 2݇) + 1.
0DV2݇ ଶ + 2݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ XPDYH]TXH݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ . /RJR݊ଶ p tPSDU
(֜) ݊ଶ ímpar ֜ ݊ tPSDU
$FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGHVWDLPSOLFDomRp݊ SDU֜ ݊ଶ SDU6HMD݊ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ pSDUHQWmRH[LVWH݇ ‫ א‬Գ WDO
TXH݊ = 2݇. (QWmR ݊ଶ = (2݇)ଶ = 4݇ ଶ = 2 × 2݇ ଶ .
2UD2݇ ଶ ‫ א‬Գ SRUTXH݇ ‫ א‬Գ. /RJR ݊ଶ pSDU
Tema II – Álgebra
Páginas 10 a 15
1.
1.1. ξ24 + ξ54 െ 2ξ6 = 2ξ6 + 3ξ6 െ 2ξ6 = 3ξ6
1.2. ξ5 െ 3ξ45 + ξ245 = ξ5 െ 3 × 3ξ5 + 7ξ5 = ξ5 െ 9ξ5 + 7ξ5 = െ8ξ5 + 7ξ5 = െξ5
1.3. ξ81 െ ξ27 െ ξ9 െ ξ3 = 9 െ 3ξ3 െ 3 െ ξ3 = 6 െ 4ξ3
య య య య య య య య య య
1.4. 5ξ16 െ 2ξ250 െ ξ128 = 5 × 2ξ2 െ 2 × 5ξ2 െ 2 × 2ξ2 = 10ξ2 െ 10ξ2 െ 4ξ2 = െ4ξ2
1.5. 3൫ξ2 + 2൯ െ ξ2൫3 െ 2ξ2൯ = 3ξ2 + 6 െ 3ξ2 + 4 = 10
଺ ଺ ଺
1.6. ൫ξ2൯ + ൫ξ3൯ + ൫ξ4൯ = 2ଷ + 3ଷ + 4ଷ = 8 + 27 + 64 = 99
ଶ
1.7. ൫ξ2 + 1൯൫ξ2 െ 1൯ + ൫ξ2 + 1൯ = 2 െ 1 + 2 + 2ξ2 + 1 = 4 + 2ξ2

ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ξଷ ξଷ ଶξଷ ଵ
1.8. ቀ1 െ ξ3ቁ െ ൫1 െ ξ3൯ ቀ1 െ ቁ = ቀ1 െ ቁ ൣ1 െ ൫1 െ ξ3൯൧ = ቀ1 െ + ቁ ൫1 െ 1 + ξ3൯
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ସ ଶξଷ ସ ସ
=ቀ െ ቁ × ξ3 = ξ3 െ 2 = െ2 + ξ3
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
2.
ଶ ଶ ξହ ଶξହ ଶξହ
2.1. = × = =
ଷξହ ଷξହ ξହ ଷ×ହ ଵହ
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ ξଶ ଶξ଺ ξ଺

2.2. = × = =
ଷξଶ ଷξଶ ξଶ ଷ×ଶ ଷ
ଵାξଶ ଵାξଶ ξଷ ξଷାξ଺ ξଷ ξ଺

2.3. = × = = +
ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ହ ହ ଷିξହ ଵହିହξହ ଵହିହξହ ଵହ ହξହ

2.4. = × = = = െ
ଷାξହ ଷାξହ ଷିξହ ଽିହ ସ ସ ସ
ଵାξଶ ଵାξଶ ξଶାଵ ଵାଶξଶାଶ

2.5. = × = = 3 + 2ξ2
ξଶିଵ ξଶିଵ ξଶାଵ ଶିଵ
ଷିξହ ଷିξହ ଶିξହ ଺ିଷξହିଶξହାହ ଵଵିହξହ

2.6. = × = = = െ11 + 5ξ5
ଶାξହ ଶାξହ ଶିξହ ସିହ ିଵ
ర ర ర ర ర ర ర ర
ଵ ଵ ξହାଵ ξହାଵ ξହାଵ ξହାଵ ξହ×ξହା ξହାξହାଵ ξହ× ξହమ ା ξହାξହାଵ
2.7. ర = ర × ర = = × = =
ξହିଵ ξହିଵ ξହାଵ ξହିଵ ξହିଵ ξହାଵ ହିଵ ସ
ర ర ర ర
ξହయ ξହ ξହ ଵ ξଵଶହ ξହ ξହ ଵ
= + + + = + + +
ସ ସ ସ ସ ସ ସ ସ ସ
య య
ଵ ଵ ξଶమ ା యξ଺ା ξଷమ య య
ξସା ξ଺ା ξଽ
య య య
ξସା ξ଺ା ξଽ
య
య య య
2.8. య య = య య × య య = = = െξ4 െ ξ6 െ ξ9
ξଶି ξଷ ξଶି ξଷ ξଶమ ା యξ଺ା ξଷమ ଶିଷ ିଵ
3.
ସ ଺ ସ ଺ ଼ ଺ ଵସ ଻ ଻ ξଶ ଻ξଶ
3.1. + = + = + = = = × =
ξଶ ξ଼ ξଶ ଶξଶ ଶξଶ ଶξଶ ଶξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ସ
ଷ ଷ ଵ ଵ ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ ଶ଻ξଷ ଶ଼ξଷ
3.2. +ξ243 = +9ξ3 = +9ξ3 = × +9ξ3 = +9ξ3 = + =
ξଶ଻ ଷξଷ ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ξଶ ξଶ
3.3. ൫2ξ2 െ 1൯ + ξ2൫ξ2 െ 1൯ = 2 െ +2 െ ξ2 = 4 െ × െξ2 = 4 െ െξ2
ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ଶ
ξଶ ଶξଶ
=4െ െ
ଶ ଶ
ଷξଶ
=4െ
ଶ
య ల య ల ల య ల య ల య య య య
3.4. ඥ ξ25 + 3ξ25 െ ξ40 = ξ25 + 3ξ25 െ 2ξ5 = 4ξ25 െ 2ξ5 = 4ξ5ଶ െ 2ξ5 = 4ξ5 െ 2ξ5 = 2ξ5
య య
ଵ ଵ ξଶ య ξଶ
3.5. ට8ඥ2ξ16 × ቀ െ ξ2 + ξ8ቁ = ඥ8ξ2 × 4 × ቀ × െ ξ2 + 2ξ2ቁ = ඥξ8 × 64 × ቀ + ξ2ቁ
ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ଶ
ξଶ ଶξଶ
= ξ2ଷ × 2଺ × ቀ ቁ
ల
+
ଶ ଶ
ల ଷξଶ
= 2ξ2ଷ ×
ଶ
ଷξଶ
= 2ξ2 × =6
ଶ

ర ర
ଶξଶ଼ିξଵସ× ξସ ଶξଶ଼ିξଵସ× ξଶమ ଶξଶ଼ିξଵସ×ξଶ ଶξଶ଼ିξଶ଼ ξଶ଼
3.6. = ξళ యඥ య
= ξళ ల య
= ξళ
= ξళ యξళ
ళ య ା ξ଻ ା ξ଻ ାξ଻ ା
ට ା ඥ଻ξ଻ య య య య య
వ
ξଶ଼ ଷξଶ଼ ଷ ଺ ଷ
= రξళ
= = ξ4 = =
ସξ଻ ସ ସ ଶ
య
య య
ξହାට ξଵ଴× ξଵ଴ ల
ξଵ଴× ξଵ଴మ
ల ల
ξଵ଴య ξଵ଴
3.7. =1+ =1+ =1+ = 1 + ξ2
ξହ ξହ ξହ ξହ
4. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ

4.1. ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 H ‫ = ݕ‬ξ3
ଶ ଷ
൫ξ2൯ െ 2 × ξ2 × ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ = 2 െ 2ξ6 + 3ξ3
య
4.2. ‫ = ݔ‬2ξ2 H ‫ = ݕ‬ξ3
ଶ య య ଷ ల ల ల ల
൫2ξ2൯ െ 2 × 2ξ2 × ξ3 + ൫ξ3൯ = 4 × 2 െ 4ξ2ଷ × ξ3ଶ + 3 = 8 െ 4ξ72 + 3 = 11 െ 4ξ72
ଵ
4.3. ‫= ݔ‬ H ‫ = ݕ‬ξ8
ξଶ
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଻ ଻
ቀ ቁ െ2× × ξ8 + ൫ξ8൯ = െ2 × × 2ξ2 + ξ8ଷ = െ4 + ඥ(2ଷ )ଷ = െ +ξ2ଽ = െ +16ξ2
ξଶ ξଶ ଶ ξଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
5.
ଶయ ×ଶర ଶళ
5.1. = = 2ଶ
ଶఱ ଶఱ
ଶవ
5.2. 4 × = 2ଶ × 2ହ = 2଻
ଶర
ଷଶ×ଶర ଶఱ ×ଶర ଶవ
5.3. = = = 2଺
ଶమ ×ଶ ଶయ ଶయ
5.4. 2ହ଴ + 2ହ଴ = 2 × 2ହ଴ = 2ହଵ
5.5. 2ିଵ଴଴ + 2ିଵ଴଴ = 2 × 2ିଵ଴଴ = 2ିଽଽ
భ భ భ భ భ భ భభ
5.6. 2ఱ + 2ఱ + 2ఱ + 2ఱ = 4 × 2ఱ = 2ଶ × 2ఱ = 2 ఱ
5.7. 2ଵ଴଴଴ െ 2ଽଽଽ = 2ଽଽଽ × (2 െ 1) = 2ଽଽଽ × 1 = 2ଽଽଽ
5.8. 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ + 8଴,ଵ = 8 × 8଴,ଵ = 2ଷ × (2ଷ )଴,ଵ = 2ଷ × 2଴,ଷ = 2ଷ,ଷ
భ
భ ఱ వ వ వ
5.9. ඥ2 × ξ8 × ξ32 = ට2 × 2 × (2ହ )మ = ට2ଶ × 2మ = ට2మ = ቀ2మ ቁ = 2ర
య మ
భ
భ మ భ
య మ భ య భ భ
5.10. ට ඥξ2 = ቆቀ2 ቁ ቇ = ቀ2ల ቁ = 2భమ మ
భ భ ఱ ళ మవ
య
5.11. ξ32 × ξ128=(2ହ )మ × (2଻ )య = 2మ × 2య = 2 ల
6.
భ భ ೣశభ
௫ షమ ା௫ షయ ା (௫ାଵ)௫ ଵ
ೣమ ೣయ ೣయ
6.1. = భ = ೣశభ = =
ଵା௫ షభ ଵା (௫ାଵ)௫ య ௫మ
ೣ ೣ
ೣ ିଶ
ିଶ ିଶ
ଶషభ ௫ మ ௫య ଶ ଶ ସ
6.2. ቀ ௫ షమ ቁ = ቆ ቇ భ = ቀଶቁ = ቀ௫ య ቁ = ௫ ల
ೣమ
భ
(ହ௫)షభ ఱೣ ଵ
6.3. భ = =
(଼௫ ల )య ଶ௫ మ ଵ଴௫ య
భ భ ଶ భ భ ସ య
మ మ ర మ భ
ξ௬
6.4. ቀ‫ ݔ‬య ‫ ݕ‬మ ቁ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ల ‫ ݕ‬య ቁ (‫ି)ݕݔ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬య ‫ ݔݕ‬య ‫ ݕ‬య ‫ି ݔ‬ଶ ‫ି ݕ‬ଶ = ‫ି ݔ‬య ‫ ݕ‬య = య మ
ξ௫

భ భ మ ర భ
൫ହ௫ మ ௬ ర ൯య ହయ ௫ య ௬ య ହయ
6.5. భ = భ భ మ = మ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 5‫ ݕݔ‬ଶ
(ଶହ௫௬ మ )షయ ష ష ష
ଶହ య ௫ య ௬ య
ష
ହ య
భ భ ଺ భ భ ସ
ଵ
6.6. ቀ2‫ ݔ‬మ ‫ ݕ‬య ቁ × ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ర ‫ ݕ‬ర ቁ = 2଺ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ (2ିଵ )ସ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ‫ݕ‬ଵ = 2ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ = 4‫ ݔ‬ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ
ଶ
భ భ భ భ భ
ష ష ష ష ర ర
൫ଶ௫ మ ௬ షభ ൯ ర ଶ ర௫ మ௬ ర ଶ ర ఱ ఱ ఱ ξଶఱ × ඥ௬ ఱ ଶ௬ రඥଶ௬
6.7. భ = భ భ = య ‫ି ݔ‬ଵ ‫ ݕ‬ర = 2ర ‫ି ݔ‬ଵ ‫ ݕ‬ర =
௫
= ௫
(଼௫ షభ ௬ మ )షమ (ଶయ )షమ ௫ మ ௬ షభ ష
ଶ మ
ିଵ షభ షఴ షర
ସషమ ௫ షఱ ௬ మ ൫ଶయ ൯ ௫ ௬ ଶషయ ଶ
6.8. ቀ ቁ = = = ‫ି ݔ‬ଷ‫଺ି ݕ‬
଼షభ ௫ షఴ ௬ షర (ଶమ )షమ ௫ షఱ ௬ మ ଶషర ௫య ௬ ల
ଶ௫ିଷ௬ మ
7.
௫௬ మ
7.1. ‫ = ݔ‬2ିଶ H ‫ = ݕ‬2ିଵ

మ
ଶ×ଶషమ ିଷ×൫ଶషభ ൯ ଶషభ ିଷ×ଶషమ ଶషభ ൫ଵିଷ×ଶషభ ൯ ଷ ଵ
= = = 2ଷ × ቀ1 െ ቁ = 2ଷ × ቀെ ቁ = െ2ଶ = െ4
ଶషమ ×(ଶషభ )మ ଶషమ ×ଶషమ ଶషర ଶ ଶ
7.2. ‫ = ݔ‬2ିଵ H ‫ = ݕ‬3ିଵ

మ భ మ
ଶ×ଶషభ ିଷ×൫ଷషభ ൯ ଶబ ିଷ×ଷషమ ଵିଷషభ ଵି
య య ଷ଺
= భ = భ భ = భ = భ = = 12
ଶషభ ×(ଷషభ )మ ×ଷషమ × ଷ
మ మ వ భఴ భఴ
భ
7.3. ‫ = ݔ‬2ିమ H ‫ = ݕ‬2ିଵ
భ మ భ య రξమషయ
ష
ଶ×ଶ మ ିଷ×൫ଶషభ ൯ ଶమ ିଷ×ଶషమ ξଶିర ర ସξଶ൫ସξଶିଷ൯ ଷଶିଵଶξଶ
భ = భ = ఱ = భ = = = 8 െ 3ξ2
ష ష ష ସ ସ
ଶ మ ×(ଶషభ )మ ଶ మ ×ଶషమ ଶ మ ඥమఱ
భ
7.4. ‫ = ݔ‬2మ H ‫ = ݕ‬2ିଵ
భ మ య య ఴξమషయ
ଶ×ଶమ ିଷ×൫ଶషభ ൯ ଶమ ିଷ×ଶషమ ଶξଶି
ర ర ଶξଶ൫଼ξଶିଷ൯ ଷଶି଺ξଶ ଷ
భ = భ = య = భ = = = 8 െ ξ2
ష ସ ସ ଶ
ଶమ ×(ଶషభ )మ ଶమ ×ଶషమ ଶ మ ඥమయ
5‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ = ݕ‬23 ‫ = ݕ‬5‫ ݔ‬െ 23 െ െ

8. ൜ ֞൜ ֞ ቄ3ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 20ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 92ξ2 = 46 ֞ ቄ23ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 92ξ2 = 46 ֞
3ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4ξ2‫ = ݕ‬46 3ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4ξ2(5‫ ݔ‬െ 23) = 46
െ െ െ െ െ
ଶାସξଶ ֞ ቊ ଶାସξଶ
‫ = ݕ‬5൫ξ2 + 4൯ െ 23
ቄ ֞ ቄ ֞ ቊ‫ݔ‬ = ‫ݔ‬ = ×
ξଶ ֞ ൜
‫=ݔ‬
ଶξଶା଼ ֞ ቊ ֞
ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ 4ξ2 = 2 ξ2‫ = ݔ‬2 + 4ξ2 ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ଶ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ2 + 4
‫ = ݕ‬5ξ2 + 20 െ 23 ‫ = ݕ‬െ3 + 5ξ2
ቊ ֞ቊ
‫ = ݔ‬4 + ξ2 ‫ = ݔ‬4 + ξ2
9.
మ మ
തതതത
஺஻×஻஼തതതത ൫ଶξଷାξଶ൯ × ൫ଶξଷିξଶ൯ ൫ଶξଷ൯ ି ൫ξଶ൯ ଵଶ ି ଶ
9.1. ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼] = = = = = 5 cmଶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ
9.2. ‫ܥܣ‬ തതതതଶ + ‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത ଶ = ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ଶ ֞ ‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത ଶ = ൫2ξ3 + ξ2൯ + ൫2ξ3 െ ξ2൯
ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതത ଶ = ൫2ξ3൯ + 2 × 2ξ3 × ξ2 + ൫ξ2൯ െ 2 × 2ξ3 × ξ2 + ൫ξ2൯
֞ ‫ܥܣ‬
‫ ܥܣ‬ଶ = 12 + 2 + 12 + 2 ֞ തതതത
֞ തതതത ‫ ܥܣ‬ଶ = 28
തതതത = ξ28 = 2ξ7 cm.
/RJR ‫ܥܣ‬
9.3. ܲ[஺஻஼] = തതതത
‫ ܤܣ‬+ തതതത
‫ ܥܤ‬+ തതതത
‫ = ܥܣ‬2ξ3 + ξ2 + 2ξ3 െ ξ2 + 2ξ7 = ൫4ξ3 + 2ξ7൯ cm

10. ܽ; ܾ = 2ܽ; ܿ = 3ܾ = 6ܽ
6HMD݀ DGLDJRQDOGDEDVHGRSDUDOHOHStSHGR ݀ ଶ = ܽଶ + ܾ ଶ = ܽଶ + (2ܽ)ଶ = ܽଶ + 4ܽଶ = 5ܽଶ
6HMD‫ ܦ‬DGLDJRQDOHVSDFLDOGRSDUDOHOHStSHGR ‫ ܦ‬ଶ = ݀ ଶ + ܿ ଶ = 5ܽଶ + (6ܽ)ଶ = 5ܽଶ + 36ܽଶ = 41ܽଶ
(QWmR‫ܦ‬ଶ = 41ܽଶ ֞ 205 = 41ܽଶ ֞ ܽଶ = 5. /RJR ܽ = ξ5 cm, ܾ = 2ξ5 cm Hܿ = 6ξ5 cm.
11. 6HMDܽ DDOWXUDGRWULkQJXORGDEDVHGRSULVPD

ଷ ଶ ଽ ଽ ଶ଻
3ଶ = ܽ ଶ + ቀ ቁ ֞ 9 = ܽ ଶ + ֞ ܽଶ = 9 െ ֞ ܽଶ =
ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ଶ଻ ଷξଷ
/RJRܽ = ට = . 6HMD݄ DDOWXUDGRSULVPD݄ = (2 × 3)ଶ = 6ଶ = 36.
ସ ଶ
యξయ
ଷ× ଽξଷ భ వ
మ
$VVLPܸ = ‫ܣ‬௕ × ݄ = × 36 = × 36 = 81ξ3 = 3ସ × 3మ = 3మ cmଷ .
ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
12. ‫= )ݔ(ܣ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܥ‬ସ െ
ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
12.1. ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬+ ‫= )ݔ(ܤ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଶଵ
12.2. ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬െ ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܥ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 െ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ቁ = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + = െ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+
ସ ସ ସ
ଵ ଵ
12.3. ‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬െ ‫ )ݔ(ܤ‬െ ‫= )ݔ(ܥ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ (‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5) െ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ቁ
ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
= ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ +
ଶ ସ
ଵ ଶଷ
= െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ
ଶ ସ
ଵ
12.4. ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ × )ݔ(ܣ‬ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1ቁ × (‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5)
ଶ
ଵ ହ
= ‫ݔ‬ହ െ ‫ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଷ
= ‫ ݔ‬ହ + 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݔ‬െ 5
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
12.5. ‫ )ݔ(ܥ × )ݔ(ܤ‬െ ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5) × ቀ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ቁ െ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1ቁ
ସ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ହ ଵ
= ‫ ଻ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ହ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ସ െ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ସ ଶ ସ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ
= ‫ ଻ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݔ‬ହ + 5‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬െ
ସ ଶ ଶ ସ
13.
13.1. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 1
ଶ
2‫ݔ‬ െ2‫ݔ‬ െ1 ‫ݔ‬+1
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ2‫ݔ‬ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4
െ4‫ݔ‬ െ1
4‫ݔ‬ +4
3
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 ܴ=3

13.2. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 7 ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
4‫ ݔ‬ଶ +2‫ݔ‬ +7 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ2‫ݔ‬ 2‫ݔ‬
7
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ݔ‬ ܴ=7
13.3. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 1
ଷ ଶ
2‫ݔ‬ +4‫ݔ‬ െ‫ݔ‬ െ4 ‫ݔ‬+1
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ‫ݔ‬ െ4
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ2‫ݔ‬
െ3‫ݔ‬ െ4
3‫ݔ‬ +3
െ1
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ܴ = െ1
13.4. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 13‫ ݔ‬+ 13 ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 1
ଷ ଶ
4‫ݔ‬ +0‫ݔ‬ െ13‫ݔ‬ +13 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଷ +2‫ ݔ‬ଶ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 6
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ13‫ݔ‬ +13
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ +‫ݔ‬
െ12‫ݔ‬ +13
12‫ݔ‬ െ6
7
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 ܴ=7
13.5. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 14; ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
3‫ ݔ‬ଷ +3‫ ݔ‬ଶ +3‫ݔ‬ െ14 ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
െ3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ9‫ݔ‬ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 3
െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ6‫ݔ‬ െ14
3‫ ݔ‬ଶ +6‫ݔ‬ +9
െ5
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ܴ = െ5
13.6. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 8‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 11‫ ݔ‬െ 6; ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 1)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ8‫ ݔ‬ଷ +4‫ ݔ‬ଶ +11‫ݔ‬ െ6 ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
െ2‫ ݔ‬ସ +4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 6
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଷ +2‫ ݔ‬ଶ +11‫ݔ‬ െ6
4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ8‫ ݔ‬ଶ +4‫ݔ‬
െ6‫ ݔ‬ଶ +15‫ݔ‬ െ6
6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ12‫ݔ‬ +6
3‫ݔ‬
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 6 ܴ(‫ = )ݔ‬3‫ݔ‬
13.7. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 10‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 9; ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ െ 4

2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ10‫ ݔ‬ଷ +0‫ ݔ‬ଶ +2‫ݔ‬ +9 ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 4
െ2‫ ݔ‬ସ +8‫ ݔ‬ଶ ଶ
2‫ ݔ‬െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 8
െ10‫ ݔ‬ଷ +8‫ ݔ‬ଶ +2‫ݔ‬ +9
+ 10‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ40‫ݔ‬
8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ38‫ݔ‬ +9
െ8‫ ݔ‬ଶ +32
െ38‫ݔ‬ +41
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 8 ܴ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ38‫ ݔ‬+ 41

14.
14.1. ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 2
1 Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
1 1 1
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ 1 ܴ=1
14.2. ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 9 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 2

1 7 Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬െ2=0֞‫= ݔ‬2
1
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ܴ=3

ଷ ଶ ଵ
14.3. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+
ଶ
1 Cálculo auxiliar
െ
1 1 1 1
‫ݔ‬+ =0֞‫=ݔ‬െ
1
2 2 2
1
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 2 ܴ=1

14.4. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 22‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬+ 10 ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 5
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5

ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ܴ = 20

ସ ଻ ଷ ଶ ଶ
14.5. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ଷ ଷ
Cálculo auxiliar
଻ 1 ଶ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଵ
ଷ ଷ ଶ
െ
1 1 െଷ
ଶ ଻
െ
ଶ
2 ଷ ଷ
ସ ଵସ 4
ଷ
െ ଷ 3
ସ ଵସ ସ ଶ ଻ ଶ
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬ቀ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ ÷ 2 = ‫ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬+ ܴ=0
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
14.6. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬3‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 Cálculo auxiliar 3‫ ݔ‬െ 1 =
1 1 0֞‫=ݔ‬
ଵ
1 1 1 ଷ
3

ܳ(‫( = )ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3) ÷ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 1 ܴ=2
15.
15.1. (ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 11‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ֞ ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 11‫ ݔ‬െ 3) ÷ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)
11
Cálculo auxiliar ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 =

0֞‫=ݔ‬3
1
/RJRܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1.

15.2. (ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)(3‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ֞ ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) ÷ (3‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
1 Cálculo auxiliar
2 2
3 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
3

/RJRܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (6‫ ݔ‬+ 3) ÷ 3 = 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1.
15.3. (ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ֞ ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2) ÷ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)
1 1
1 1 Cálculo auxiliar
1 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
1 1
1
/RJRܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = ‫ ݔ‬+ 2.
15.4. (ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4) = 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 12) ÷ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4)
2‫ ݔ‬ଷ +3‫ ݔ‬ଶ +8‫ݔ‬ െ12 ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ8‫ݔ‬ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3 Cálculo auxiliar
െ3‫ݔ‬ ଶ
+0‫ݔ‬ െ12 ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4 = 0
3‫ ݔ‬ଶ +12 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ.
0
/RJR ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3.
15.5. (ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ)(2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4) = 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = (4‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 12) ÷ (2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4)
4‫ ݔ‬ଷ +0‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ‫ݔ‬ +12 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 Cálculo auxiliar
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଷ +6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ8‫ݔ‬ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
ଷ±ξଽିଷଶ
6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ9‫ݔ‬ +12 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
െ6‫ ݔ‬ଶ +9‫ݔ‬ െ12 ସ
0 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ.
/RJR ܽ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ = 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3.
16.
16.1. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 H ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬െ 1 Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ
‫(ܣ‬1) = 2 × 1 െ 2 × 1 െ 1 = 2 െ 2 െ 1 = െ1 ‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
16.2. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 H ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 2

Cálculo auxiliar
‫(ܣ‬െ2) = 2 × (െ2)ଷ +4× (െ2)ଶ െ (െ2) െ 4
= െ16 + 16 + 2 െ 4 = െ2 ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
ଶ
16.3. ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܣ‬+ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 3 H ‫ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬
Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ
‫(ܣ‬0) = 0 + 3 × 0 + 3 = 3 ‫=ݔ‬0
ଵ
16.4. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 22‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬+ 10 H ‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+
ଶ
Cálculo auxiliar
ଷ ଶ 1 1
1 1 1 1
‫ ܣ‬൬െ ൰ = 4 × ൬െ ൰ + 22 × ൬െ ൰ + 8 × ൬െ ൰ + 10 ‫ݔ‬+ =0֞‫=ݔ‬െ
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 11
=െ + െ 4 + 10 = 11
2 2
଻ ଶ
16.5. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ H ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 Cálculo auxiliar
ଷ ଷ
1
1 1 ସ 7 1 ଷ 1 ଶ 1 2 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
2
‫ ܣ‬൬െ ൰ = 2 × ൬െ ൰ + × ൬െ ൰ െ 4 × ൬െ ൰ െ ൬െ ൰ +
2 2 3 2 2 2 3
ଵ ଻ ଵ ଶ
= െ െ1 + + =0
଼ ଶସ ଶ ଷ

17.
17.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 6‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 11‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ହ±ξଶହିଶସ 1 11
֞‫= ݔ‬1‫= ݔש‬
ଶ 1 1
ହ±ଵ 1
֞‫= ݔ‬1‫= ݔש‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬1‫= ݔש‬2‫= ݔש‬3
&6 ^`
17.2. 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ ש‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0
ଵ Cálculos auxiliares
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
ସ
1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଵ
‫= ݔש‬െ
ଵ
ଶ ଶ 1
ଵ ଵ
&6 ቄെ2, െ , ቅ
ଶ ଶ
17.3. ‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 13‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 14‫ ݔ‬+ 24 = 0

ସ ଷ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0

Cálculo auxiliar
1 ± ξ1 + 24 1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
2
1±5 1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
2 1 1 1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 1 1
&6 ^ `

17.4. 6‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ ש‬6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
1 ± ξ1 + 24
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
12 1 7 1 1
1±5
1 1
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫= ݔ ש‬ 1
12
1 1 1
ଵ ଵ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ ‫= ݔש‬ 1 1
ଷ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
&6 ቄെ1, 1, െ , ቅ
ଷ ଶ
ଵଷ ଶଷ ଷ ଽ
17.5. ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ݔ‬െ =0 Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
1 1 ଵଷ ଶଷ ଷ 9
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ = 0 1 െ
2 2 ଶ ଶ ଶ 2
ଶଵ ଽ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ ש‬2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 െ ଶ
ଶ
െ1 ± ξ1 + 8 ଻ ଷ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ 1 1 െଶ
4 ଶ
ଷ ଷ
െ1 ± 3 െଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬
4 ଵ ଵ
ଵ 1 െଶ
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ
ଵ
&6 ቄെ3, െ1, ቅ
ଶ

17.6. ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 18‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 81 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
&6= {െ3, 3}
ଵଶ±ξଵସସିଵ଴଼
17.7. ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 12‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 32 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 8 ‫ݔ ש‬ଶ = 4
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2

&6= ൛െ2ξ2, െ2, 2, 2ξ2ൟ
17.8. ‫ ଺ ݔ‬െ 14‫ ݔ‬ସ + 49‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 14‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 49) = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 0 ‫ ݔ( ש‬ଶ െ 7)ଶ = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 7 = 0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ7 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ7
&6= ൛െξ7, 0, ξ7ൟ
18.
18.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଷ > െ5‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ ֞ ݔ‬ଷ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ > ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6) > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 3) > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିହ±ξଶହିଶସ ିହ±ଵ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
ଶ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ െ +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ െ െ െ +
‫ݔ‬+2 െ െ െ + + +
‫ݔ‬+3 െ + + + + +
P െ + െ +
&6= ]െ3, െ2[ ‫] ׫‬0, +λ[
18.2. 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ൒ 0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ±ଷ
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ ֞ = ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ 1 +λ
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ െ െ െ െ െ
‫ݔ‬+2 െ + + + + +
P െ + + െ
&6 = [െ2, 1]
18.3. ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 > 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1) > 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) > 0
1 െ1 െ
െ െ
1 െ1
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ െ1 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬+2 െ + + + + +
‫ݔ‬+1 െ െ െ + + +
P െ + െ +
&6 = ]െ2, െ1[ ‫] ׫‬1, +λ[

18.4. ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 11‫ ݔ‬െ 6 ൒ 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ൒ 0
1 െ െ 11 െ
1 1 െ െ
1 െ െ
1 1 െ1 െ
1 െ1 െ
ଵ±ξଵାଶସ ଵ±ହ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ฻ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
ଶ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ 1 +λ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + + + + + +
‫ݔ‬+2 െ + + + + +
P െ + െ +
&6= ]െλ, െ2] ‫{ ׫‬1} ‫[ ׫‬3, +λ[
ଵ
18.5. 2‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 15‫ ݔ‬െ 6 ൑ 0 ֞ 2 ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ3൯൫‫ ݔ‬+ ξ3൯ ൑ 0
ଶ
െ െ െ
1 1 െ െ
2
െ െ
െ
െ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ3
‫ݔ‬ െλ െξ3 1 ξ3 +λ
2
1 െ െ െ + + + + +
2 ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰
2
‫ݔ‬െ2 െ െ െ െ െ െ െ +
‫ ݔ‬െ ξ3 െ െ െ െ െ + + +
‫ ݔ‬+ ξ3 െ + + + + + + +
P + െ + െ +
ଵ
&6= ቂെξ3, ቃ ‫ ׫‬ൣξ3, 2൧
ଶ
18.6. െ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 18‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 16‫ ݔ‬െ 32 > 0 ֞ െ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)(‫ ݔ‬+ 4) > 0
െ െ െ
1 1 െ െ
2
െ െ
െ
െ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ3
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ െ1 +λ
െ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + + + െ െ െ െ െ
‫ݔ‬െ2 െ െ െ െ െ + + +
‫ݔ‬െ4 െ െ െ െ െ െ െ +
‫ݔ‬+4 െ + + + + + + +
P െ + െ + െ
&6 = ]െ4, െ1[ ‫] ׫‬2, 4[

19. ‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(ܣ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଵ )ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ )ଷ (‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଷ )௞
&RPR‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬pXPSROLQyPLRGHJUDXHQWmR2 + 3 + ݇ = 7 ֞ ݇ = 2.
/RJR‫ݔ‬ଷ WHPPXOWLSOLFLGDGH
20.
20.1. ܲ(1) = 1 െ 6 + 2 + 20 െ 27 + 10 = 0. /RJRSHOR7HRUHPDGR5HVWRpUDL]GHܲ(‫)ݔ‬.
20.2.
1 െ െ
1 1 െ െ 17 െ
1 െ െ 17 െ
1 1 െ െ7
1 െ െ7
1 1 െ െ
1 െ െ
1 1 െ
1 െ െ
$PXOWLSOLFLGDGHGDUDL]p
20.3. ܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 10) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
Cálculo auxiliar
3 ± ξ9 + 40 3±7
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 10 = 0 ฻ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
2 2
20.4. ܲ(‫ > )ݔ‬0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬െ 5)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) > 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 5)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) > 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ 1 +λ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + + + + + +
‫ݔ‬െ1 െ െ െ + + +
‫ݔ‬+2 െ + + + + +
P െ + െ +
&6= ]െ2, 1[ ‫] ׫‬5, +λ[
21.
21.1. ܲ(‫ ݔ( ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 2) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)
ܲ(െ1) = 6 ֞ ܽ × (െ3) × (െ2) = 6 ֞ 6ܽ = 6 ֞ ܽ = 1
/RJR ܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 2) (‫ ݔ‬െ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2.
21.2. ܲ(‫ ݔ( ܽ = )ݔ‬+ 1) (‫ – ݔ‬1) (‫ – ݔ‬2)
ܲ(0) = െ 4 ֞ ܽ × 1 × (െ1) × (െ2) = െ4 ֞ 2ܽ = െ4 ֞ ܽ = െ2
/RJR: ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2 (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)൫‫ – ݔ‬1൯൫‫ – ݔ‬2൯ = െ2 (‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)
= െ2(‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
= െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4
21.3. ܲ(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
ܲ(0) = െ2 ֞ ܽ × (െ1)ଶ × 2 = െ2 ֞ 2ܽ = െ2 ֞ ܽ = െ1
/RJR: ܲ(‫ = )ݔ‬െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = െ(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)
= െ(‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2
21.4. ܲ(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4)
ܲ(െ3) = 40 ֞ ܽ(9 െ 1)(9 െ 4) = 0 ֞ 40ܽ = 40 ֞ ܽ = 1
/RJR ܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4) = ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4.

22.
22.1. ܲ(െ1) = 4 ֞ (െ1)ସ + ܽ(െ1) + 1 = 4 ֞ െ1 െ ܽ + 1 = 4 ֞ െܽ = 4 ֞ ܽ = െ4
ଽ
22.2. ܲ(2) = 0 ֞ 2ଷ + 2ܽ + 1 = 0 ֞ 8 + 2ܽ + 1 = 0 ֞ 2ܽ = െ9 ֞ ܽ = െ Cálculo auxiliar
ଶ
‫ݔ‬െ2=0֞‫= ݔ‬2
22.3. ܲ(െ2) = 2ܲ(1) ֞ 2 × (െ8) + 4ܽ + 12 + 1 = 2(2 + ܽ െ 6 + 1)
֞ െ16 + 4ܽ + 13 = 4 + 2ܽ െ 12 + 2
֞ െ3 + 4ܽ = 2ܽ െ 6 ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
֞ 2ܽ = െ3 ‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
ଷ
֞ܽ=െ
ଶ
22.4. ܲ(െ1) = ܲ(3) ֞ 3 × (െ1) െ 6 × 1 + ܽ × (െ1) = 3 × 27 െ 6 × 9 + 3ܽ െ 1
֞ െ3 െ 6 െ ܽ = 81 െ 54 + 3 Cálculos auxiliares
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
֞ െ4ܽ = 3 ‫ݔ‬െ3=0֞‫= ݔ‬3
֞ ܽ = െ9
23.
ܲ(െ2) = 0 െ2 × (െ8) + 4ܽ െ 2ܾ െ 40 = 0
23.1. ൜ ֞ ቄ Cálculo auxiliar
ܲ(2) = 0 െ2 × 8 + 4ܽ + 2ܾ െ 40 = 0
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
16 + 4ܽ െ 2ܾ െ 40 = 0 4ܽ = 2ܾ + 24
֞ቄ ֞ቄ
െ16 + 4ܽ + 2ܾ െ 40 = 0 െ16 + 2ܾ + 24 + 2ܾ െ 40 = 0
2ܽ = ܾ + 12 2ܽ = 8 + 12 ܽ = 10
֞ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
4ܾ = 32 ܾ=8 ܾ=8
ܲ(1) = 1 1െ2+ܽ+ܾ =1
23.2. ൜ ֞ ቄ Cálculos auxiliares
ܲ(2) = െ3 8 െ 8 + 2ܽ + ܾ = െ3
‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
ܽ+ܾ =2 ܾ = 2െܽ ܾ=7 ‫ݔ‬െ2=0֞‫= ݔ‬2
֞ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
2ܽ + ܾ = െ3 2ܽ + 2 െ ܽ = െ3 ܽ = െ5
ܲ(2) = 23 8 + 4ܽ + 2ܾ + 5 = 23
23.3. ൜ ֞ ቄ Cálculos auxiliares
ܲ(െ1) = 11 െ1 + ܽ െ ܾ + 5 = 11
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
4ܽ + 2ܾ = 10 2ܽ + ܾ = 5 ܾ = 5 െ 2ܽ ܾ = െ3 ‫ݔ‬െ2=0֞‫= ݔ‬2
֞ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
ܽെܾ=7 ܽെܾ=7 ܽ െ 5 + 2ܽ = 7 ܽ=4
23.4.
‫ݔ‬ଷ +ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ2‫ݔ‬ +ܾ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ‫ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬+ (ܽ െ 1)
(ܽ െ 1)‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ3‫ݔ‬ +ܾ
െ(ܽ െ 1)‫ ݔ‬ଶ +(െܽ + 1)‫ݔ‬ െܽ + 1
(െܽ െ 2)‫ݔ‬ െܽ + ܾ + 1
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ܽ െ 1 ܴ(‫( = )ݔ‬െܽ െ 2)‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ + ܾ + 1 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 6
െܽ െ 2 = 1 ܽ = െ3 ܽ = െ3
/RJR: ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
െܽ + ܾ + 1 = 6 3+ܾ+1 =6 ܾ=2
23.5.
‫ݔ‬ଷ +ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ +0‫ݔ‬ +ܾ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 1
െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ +‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬+ܽ
+ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ +‫ݔ‬ +ܾ
െܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ +ܽ
+‫ݔ‬ +ܽ + ܾ
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ܽ = ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ܴ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ܽ + ܾ = ‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ܽ+ܾ=1 ܾ = െ1
/RJR: ቄ ֞ቄ
ܽ=2 ܽ=2

24.
1െ1 െ െ െ
1 1 െ െ7
1 െ െ7
1 1 1 െ 1 െ
1 1 െ 1 െ
1 1 െ െ
1 െ െ െ
/RJR ݉ = 2.
11 െ 1 െ

1 1

1 11
/RJR ݊ = 1.
1
1
െ െ െ
1 1
െ െ
1 െ
/RJR ‫ = ݌‬1. $VVLP‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬ଶ + 1.
25.
25.1. 6HMD݊ XPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXDOTXHU
ܲ(0) = (0 + 2)௡ + 2 × 0௡ െ 2௡ = 2௡ + 0 െ 2௡ = 0
/RJR ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ݔ‬SDUDTXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊.
25.2. 6HMD݊ XPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXDOTXHU
Cálculo auxiliar
ܲ(1) = 1ଶ௡ାଵ െ 1ଶ௡ െ 1 + 1 = 1 െ 1 + 0 = 0
‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
/RJR ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫ ݔ‬െ 1SDUDTXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊.
ܲ(‫ = )݌‬0 ‫݌‬ଶ + ‫ ܾ݌‬+ ܿ = 0 ‫݌‬ଶ = െ‫ ܾ݌‬െ ܿ

26. ൜ ֞൜ ଶ ֞൜ Cálculo auxiliar
ܳ(‫ = )݌‬0 ‫ ݌‬+ ݀‫ ݌‬+ ݁ = 0 െ‫ ܾ݌‬െ ܿ + ݀‫ ݌‬+ ݁ = 0
‫ݔ‬െ‫=݌‬0֞‫݌= ݔ‬
െ
֞ ቄ‫(݌‬െܾ + ݀) = ܿ െ ݁
െ
֞ ቊ‫ ܿ = ݌‬െ ݁
െܾ + ݀
െ
֞ ൜‫݁ = ݌‬െܿ FRPRVHTXHULDGHPRQVWUDU
ܾെ݀
Tema III – Geometria analítica

Páginas 16 a 21
1.
1.1. ‫ < ݔ ר ݕ < ݔ‬5

1.2. ܲ(‫ݔ‬, ‫)ݕ‬
തതതത < ܲ‫ܤ‬
ܲ‫ܣ‬ തതതത ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ < ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 < ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ െ6‫ ݕ‬െ 4‫ < ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + 4 െ 1 െ 9
֞ െ10‫ < ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬െ 2
ଵ ଵ
֞‫>ݕ‬ ‫ݔ‬+
ହ ହ
1.3. 4 < (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ < 16
1.4. ܲ(‫ݔ‬, ‫)ݕ‬

തതതത ൒ 2ܲ‫ܤ‬
ܲ‫ܣ‬ തതതത ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൒ 2ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൒ 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ )
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 ൒ 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 2 ൒ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݕ‬െ 2 ൒ 0
֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݕ‬+ 2 ൑ 0
ଶ ଵ ଵ଴ ଶହ ଷ ଻ହ
֞ 3 ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +3 ቀ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ݕ‬+ ቁ ൑ െ2 + +
ଷ ଽ ଷ ଽ ଽ ଽ
ଶ ଶ
1 5 20
֞ ൬‫ ݔ‬െ ൰ + ൬‫ ݕ‬+ ൰ ൑
3 3 9
1.5. (OLSVHGHIRFRV‫(ܣ‬െ3, 0) H‫(ܤ‬3, 0) HHL[RPDLRULJXDOD /RJR 2ܽ = 8 ֞ ܽ = 4 Hܿ = 3.

ܾ ଶ = ܽଶ െ ܿ ଶ ֞ ܾ ଶ = 16 െ 9 ֞ ܾ ଶ = 7
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLP + = 1.
ଵ଺ ଻

2.
2.1. ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ‫ ݕ‬൒ 0
֞ ‫ ݕ‬൑ െ‫ ݕ ר ݔ‬൑ ‫ݔ‬
2.2. (‫ > ݕ ר ݔ < ݕ‬െ‫ < ݕ ר ݔ > ݕ( ש )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬
2.3. (‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0 ‫ ݔ > ݕ ר‬െ 2) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0 ‫ ݔ < ݕ ר‬+ 2)

‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ=ݕ‬െ2
െ
െ1 െ
‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ=ݕ‬+2

1
2.4. (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 9 ‫ ר‬െ2 < ‫ < ݕ‬2
2.5. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ ൒ 4 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4
2.6. (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4) ‫ ݔ( ש‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݔ( ר‬+ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4)

3.
3.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ = 25
‫(ܥ‬0, 1); ‫ = ݎ‬ξ25 = 5
3.2. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 6‫ = ݕ‬െ9 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = െ9 + 4 + 9
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ = 4
‫(ܥ‬െ2, 3); ‫ = ݎ‬ξ4 = 2
3.3. (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 3)ଶ = 27
‫(ܥ‬െ2, െ3); ‫ = ݎ‬ξ27 = 3ξ3
ଵ
3.4. 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬െ 7 = 0 ֞ 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + 4 ቀ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ = 7 + 4 + 1
ସ
ଵ ଶ
֞ 4(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + 4 ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ = 12
ଶ
ଵ ଶ
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬െ ቁ = 3
ଶ
ଵ
‫ ܥ‬ቀെ1, ቁ ; ‫ = ݎ‬ξ3
ଶ
3.5. ‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬െ 2‫ = ݔ‬23 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 23 + 1 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 24
ଶ ଶ
‫(ܥ‬1, 0); ‫ = ݎ‬ξ24 = 2ξ6

ଶ ଶ
3.6. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 2ξ2‫ = ݕ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2ξ2‫ ݕ‬+ 2 = 4 ֞ ൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2൯ + ൫‫ ݕ‬+ ξ2൯ = 4
‫ܥ‬൫ξ2, െξ2൯; ‫ = ݎ‬ξ4 = 2
4.
4.1. െ2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ ר‬െ4 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 2
4.2. െ1 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 2
4.3. (‫ ݔ‬൑ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 1) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൒ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 1)
଴ିଶ
4.4. 5HWDTXHSDVVDHPH ݉ = = െ1
ଶି଴
/RJR DHTXDomRGHVWDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2.
ଶି଴
5HWDTXHSDVVDHPെH ݉ = =1
଴ାଶ
/RJR DHTXDomRGHVWDUHWDp‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 2.
଴ାଶ
5HWDTXHSDVVDHPെH െ݉ = = െ1
ିଶି଴
/RJR DHTXDomRGHVWDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2.
ିଶି଴
5HWDTXHSDVVDHP Hെ݉ = =1
଴ିଶ
/RJR DHTXDomRGHVWDUHWDp‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ 2.
$VVLP‫ ݕ‬൑ െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2.
4.5. (‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0 ‫ ݔ > ݕ ר‬െ 2)
4.6. (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ < ݔ ר‬2 ‫ < ݕ ר‬1
4.7. (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ > ݔ ר‬െ2 ‫ ݔ < ݕ ר‬+ 2
4.8. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 9 ‫ ݔ( ר‬െ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 1
4.9. ((‫ ݔ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൒ 4 ‫ ר‬െ2 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 2) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൒ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2)

5.
5.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 49
CLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWUR HUDLR
5.2. (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ = 49
&LUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWURെHUDLR
5.3. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ = ݕ‬49 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 = 49 + 1 + 1
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 1)ଶ = 51
CLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWUR(1, 1) HUDLRξ51.
5.4. 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 8‫ = ݔ‬49 ֞ 4(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 49 + 4
֞ 4(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 53
53
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ =
4
ξହଷ
CLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWUR(െ1, 0) HUDLR .
ଶ
௫మ ௬మ
5.5. + =1
ସଽ ଷ଺
ܽ = ξ49 = 7 H2ܽ = 14 ܾ = ξ36 = 6 H2ܾ = 12

ܿ ଶ = 49 െ 36 = 13 ܿ = ξ13
/RJR WUDWD-VH GD HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU HL[R PHQRU H IRFRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV ൫െξ13, 0൯ H
൫ξ13, 0൯.
௫మ ௬మ
5.6. + =1
ଶହ ସଽ
ܽ = ξ25 = 5 H2ܽ = 10 ܾ = ξ49 = 7 H2ܾ = 14

ଶ
ܿ = 49 െ 25 = 24 ܿ = ξ24 = 2ξ6
/RJR WUDWD-VH GD HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU HL[R PHQRU H IRFRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV ൫0, െ2ξ6൯ H
൫0, 2ξ6൯.
௫మ ௬మ
5.7. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 7‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 49 ֞ + =1
ସଽ ଻
ܽ = ξ49 = 7 H2ܽ = 14 ܾ = ξ7 H2ܾ = 2ξ7

ܿ ଶ = 49 െ 7 = 42 ܿ = ξ42
/RJR WUDWD-VH GD HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU HL[R PHQRU 2ξ7 H IRFRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV ൫െξ42, 0൯ H
൫ξ42, 0൯.
5.8. 7‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 7‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 49 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 7
CLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHFHQWUR HUDLRξ7.
௫మ ௬మ
5.9. 25‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 49‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 1225 ֞ + =1
ସଽ ଶହ
ܽ = ξ49 = 7 H2ܽ = 14 ܾ = ξ25 = 5 H2ܾ = 10

ܿ ଶ = 49 െ 25 = 24 ܿ = ξ24 = 2ξ6
/RJR WUDWD-VH GD HOLSVH GH HL[R PDLRU HL[R PHQRU H IRFRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV ൫െ2ξ6, 0൯ H
൫2ξ6, 0൯.

6.
6.1. ‫(ܣ‬2, 0)
&RPRDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpWDQJHQWHDRHL[Rܱ‫ ݕ‬HRVHXFHQWURpRSRQWR‫ܣ‬HQWmRRVHXUDLRp/RJR
ଶାସ ଴ା଴
‫(ܦ‬4, 0). 2SRQWRPpGLRGH[‫ ]ܦܣ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ , ቁ = (3, 0). $VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDUHWD
ଶ ଶ
‫ ܥܤ‬p ‫ = ݔ‬3. 2V SRQWRV ‫ ܤ‬H ‫ ܥ‬VmR RV SRQWRV GH LQWHUVHomR GD UHWD ‫ ܥܤ‬FRP D FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GH
HTXDomR(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4. /RJR(3 െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 3 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬ξ3 ‫ = ݕ ש‬െξ3.
$VVLP‫ܤ‬൫3, െξ3൯ H‫ܥ‬൫3, ξ3൯.
6.2. ‫ܥ‬൫3, ξ3൯ H‫(ܦ‬4, 0)
ଶ
തതതത
‫ = ܦܥ‬ට(4 െ 3)ଶ + ൫0 െ ξ3൯ = ξ1 + 3 = ξ4 = 2
6.3. ‫(ܣ‬2, 0) H‫ܤ‬൫3, െξ3൯

ଶାଷ ଴ିξଷ ହ ξଷ
$VFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫ ]ܤܣ‬VmRቀ , ቁ = ቀଶ , െ ቁ.
ଶ ଶ ଶ
6.4. ‫ܤ‬൫3, െξ3൯ H‫(ܦ‬4, 0)

ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ൫‫ ݕ‬+ ξ3൯ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2ξ3‫ ݕ‬+ 3 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
֞ 2ξ3‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4

ଶ ସ
֞‫=ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬+
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
ଵ ξଷ ଶ ξଷ
֞‫=ݕ‬െ × ‫ݔ‬+ ×
ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ
ξଷ ଶξଷ
֞‫=ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬+
ଷ ଷ
ହ ξଷ
6.5. 2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRPpGLRGH[‫]ܤܣ‬, FXMDVFRRUGHQDGDVVmR ቀ ,െ ቁ.
ଶ ଶ
തതതത
஺஻ ଶ
2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpLJXDODPHWDGHGRVHXGLkPHWUR = = 1.
ଶ ଶ
ଶ
ହ ଶ ξଷ
/RJRቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ =1
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ
6.6. (‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + ‫ ݕ‬൑ 4 ‫ ר‬൫(‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0) ‫ ݔ( ש‬൒ 3 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0)൯
6.7. ‫ܤ‬൫3, െξ3൯ H‫ܥ‬൫3, ξ3൯
$PHGLDWUL]GH[‫ ]ܥܤ‬pDUHWDGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬0$VVLP‫ݔ(ܧ‬, 0)RQGH‫ ݔ‬pXPQ~PHURUHDO
തതതത = 2ξ3. (QWmR ‫ܥܧ‬
‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത = ‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത .
ଶ
‫ = ܥܧ‬തതതത
തതതത ‫ ֞ ܥܤ‬ට(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ൫0 െ ξ3൯ = 2ξ3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + 3 = 12 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ = ݔ‬0
֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 6) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬6

/RJR‫(ܧ‬0, 0) RX‫(ܧ‬6, 0).
7.
7.1. ݀ = ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ֞ ݀ = ݀(ܲ, ‫ܨ‬ଵ ) + ݀(ܲ, ‫ܨ‬ଶ )
/RJR݀ = 2ܽ (ܽ > 4).

7.2. ܽ = 5ORJR2ܽ = 10 = ݀.
ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 10
֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 10 െ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 100 െ 20ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ
֞ 20ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 100 + (‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ െ (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)ଶ
֞ 20ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 100 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬െ 16
֞ 20ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 100 െ 16‫ݔ‬
֞ 5ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 25 െ 4‫ݔ‬

֞ 25[(‫ ݔ‬െ 4)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ] = (25 െ 4‫)ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 25(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 16 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ) = 625 െ 200‫ ݔ‬+ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 25‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 200‫ ݔ‬+ 400 + 25‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 625 െ 200‫ ݔ‬+ 16‫ ݔ‬ଶ
֞ 9‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 25‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 225
௫మ ௬మ
֞ + =1
ଶହ ଽ
7.3. ܽ = 5ORJR2ܽ = 10. $VVLP‫ܣ‬ଵ (െ5, 0), ‫ܣ‬ଶ (5, 0) HRHL[RPDLRUp
ܾ = ξ9 = 3ORJR2ܾ = 6. $VVLP‫ܤ‬ଵ (0, െ3), ‫ܤ‬ଶ (0, 3) HRHL[RPHQRUp
8.
8.1. ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩ‬
‫ ܣ = ܧܨ‬+ ‫ܩܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
8.2. ‫ ܥ‬െ 2‫ܤܣ‬ ‫ܨ = ܨܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ (‫ ܨ = )ܨ‬+ ‫ ܨ = ܩܣ‬+ ‫ܧ = ܧܨ‬
8.3. ܶ஺ீ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܩܣ‬
8.4. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ SRUH[HPSOR
8.5. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܨ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܤܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܦܩ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦܨ‬SRUH[HPSOR
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + 2‫ܨܣ‬
8.6. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܤܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܧܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ SRUH[HPSOR
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܧܣ‬
ଵ ଵ
8.7. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ +
‫ܥܨ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܩܨ‬
‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܦܩ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܨ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦSRUH[HPSOR
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
‫ ܤܣ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܥܨ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܣܤ‬ሬԦ0
ଶ
9. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܾሬԦ

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܽԦ H‫ܥܤ‬
‫ = ܦܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܣܤ‬െܽԦ
9.2. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ = ܤܥ‬െܾሬԦ
‫ = ܣܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܤܣ‬
9.3. ‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܤ‬
‫ = ܤܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
9.4. ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܥܦ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܤܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܽԦ െ ܾሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬െ ‫ܥܤ‬
‫= ܧܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܤܥ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܥܤ‬െ ܽԦ െ ܾሬԦ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫= ܦܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܣܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܥܤ‬െ ܽԦ + ܾሬԦ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
10. ‫(ܤܣ‬െ‫ݑ‬

ሬԦ(െ1, െ5) H‫ݒ‬Ԧ(2, െ1)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬െ2, 3) െ (1, 2) = (െ3, 1)
10.1. ‫ܤܣ‬
ሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
10.2. 2‫ݑ‬ ‫ = ܤܣ‬2(െ1, െ5) + (െ3, 1) = (െ2, െ10) + (െ3,1) = (െ5, െ9)

ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵଽ
10.3. െ2‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ + ‫ݒ‬Ԧ = െ2(െ1, െ5) + (2, െ1) = (2, 10) + ቀ1, െ ቁ = ቀ3, ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ = 2[(െ1, െ5) + (െ3, 1)] = 2(െ4, െ4) = (െ8, െ8)

ሬԦ + ‫ܤܣ‬
10.4. 2൫‫ݑ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, െ1) െ 2(െ3, 1) = (2, െ1) + (6, െ2) = (8, െ3)
10.5. ‫ݒ‬Ԧ െ 2‫ܤܣ‬
10.6. 3RUH[HPSOR(1, 5).
10.7. 4XDOTXHUYHWRUFROLQHDUFRP‫ݒ‬Ԧ pGDIRUPD(2݇, െ݇)VHQGR݇ XPQ~PHURUHDO
ԡ(2݇, െ݇)ԡ = 5 ֞ ඥ(2݇)ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 5 ֞ 4݇ ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 25 ֞ ݇ ଶ = 5 ֞ ݇ = ξ5 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െξ5
$VVLPXPDUHVSRVWDjTXHVWmRpSRUH[HPSOR൫2ξ5, െξ5൯.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ pGDIRUPD(െ3݇, ݇)VHQGR݇ XPQ~PHURUHDO
10.8. 4XDOTXHUYHWRUFROLQHDUFRP‫ܤܣ‬
ԡ(െ3݇, ݇)ԡ = 10 ֞ ඥ(െ3݇)ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 10 ֞ 9݇ ଶ + ݇ ଶ = 100 ֞ ݇ ଶ = 10 ֞ ݇ = ξ10 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െξ10
ሬሬሬሬሬԦHQWmR݇ < 0.
&RPRVHSURFXUDXPYHWRUFRPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULRDRGH‫ܤܣ‬
/RJR RYHWRUSURFXUDGRp൫3ξ10, െξ10൯.
10.9. ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = ‫ݔ‬Ԧ + 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ ֞ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ = ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ െ 2‫ݒ‬Ԧ ֞ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ = (െ1, െ5) െ 2(2, െ1) ֞ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ = (െ1, െ5) + (െ4, 2)
֞ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ = (െ5, െ3)
ଵ ଵ
‫ = ܤܣ‬2‫ݕ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ ֞ 2‫ݕ‬Ԧ = ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬԦ ֞ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬
൫‫ܤܣ‬ ሬԦ൯ ֞ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ = [(െ3,1) + (െ1, െ5)]
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
֞ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ = (െ4, െ4) ֞ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ = (െ2, െ2)
ଶ
11.
11.1. (TXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWD(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, െ2) + ݇(1, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ.
ଷ
&RPRXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDp HQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHp = 3. 7HP-VHHQWmRTXHDHTXDomR
ଵ
UHGX]LGDGDUHWDpGDIRUPD ‫ = ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬H ‫ ݕ‬SRU െ H െ UHVSHWLYDPHQWHWHP-VH
െ2 = െ1 × 3 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 1/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬3‫ ݔ‬+ 1.
11.2. &RPRDUHWDpYHUWLFDOXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUpSRUH[HPSOR/RJRXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGD
UHWDp(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ1) + ݇(0, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ. &RPRDUHWDp YHUWLFDOHSDVVDQRSRQWRെHQWmRD
VXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp‫ = ݔ‬1.
11.3. &RPRDUHWDpKRUL]RQWDOXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUpSRUH[HPSOR/RJR XPDHTXDomRYHWRULDO
GD UHWD p (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬5, െ7) + ݇(1, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ. &RPR D UHWD p KRUL]RQWDO H SDVVD QR SRQWR െ
HQWmRDVXDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp‫ = ݕ‬െ7.
11.4. 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDpSRUH[HPSOR(4, െ1) െ (2, 3) = (2, െ4). $VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDO
GD UHWD p (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬2, 3) + ݇(2, െ4), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ. &RPR XP YHWRU GLUHWRU GD UHWD p െ HQWmR R VHX
ିସ
GHFOLYH p = െ27HP-VH HQWmR TXH D HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD p GD IRUPD ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ.
ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SRUHUHVSHWLYDPHQWHWHP-VH3 = െ2 × 2 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 7.
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 7.
‫ = ݔ‬1 + 2݇
12. ‫ݎ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ‫ݏ‬: (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ1) + ݇(2, െ4), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ ‫ݐ‬: ൜ ,݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݕ‬െ1 െ ݇
ଷ
12.1. 5HWD‫ݎ‬: െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
ଷ
/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݔ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ , 0ቁ.
ଶ
‫ = ݕ‬െ2 × 0 + 3 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬3

/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݕ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDV(0, 3).
5HWD‫ݏ‬: (‫ݔ‬, 0) = (1, െ1) + ݇(2, െ4) ֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0) = (1, െ1) + (2݇, െ4݇)
ଵ ଵ
‫ = ݔ‬1 + 2݇ ‫ = ݔ‬1 + 2 × ቀെ ቁ ‫=ݔ‬
ସ ଶ
֞ (‫ݔ‬, 0) = (1 + 2݇, െ1 െ 4݇) ֞ ቄ ֞ቐ ଵ
֞൝ ଵ
0 = െ1 െ 4݇ ݇=െ ݇=െ
ସ
ସ
ଵ
/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݏ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݔ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ , 0ቁ.
ଶ
(0, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ1) + ݇(2, െ4) ֞ (0, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ1) + (2݇, െ4݇) ֞ (0, ‫( = )ݕ‬1 + 2݇, െ1 െ 4݇)
ଵ
0 = 1 + 2݇ ݇=െ ݇=െ
ଵ
ଶ
֞൜ ֞ቐ ଵ ֞ ቊ
ଶ
‫ = ݕ‬െ1 െ 4݇ ‫ = ݕ‬െ1 െ 4 × ቀെ ቁ ‫=ݕ‬1
ଶ
/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݏ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݕ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDV(0, 1).

‫ = ݔ‬1 + 2݇ ‫= ݔ‬1െ2 ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
5HWD‫ݐ‬: ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
0 = െ1 െ ݇ ݇ = െ1 ݇ = െ1
/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݐ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݔ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDV(െ1, 0).
ଵ ଵ
0 = 1 + 2݇ ݇=െ ݇=െ
ଶ ଶ
൜ ֞൝ ଵ ֞൝ ଵ
‫ = ݕ‬െ1 െ ݇ ‫ = ݕ‬െ1 + ‫=ݕ‬െ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
/RJR RSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD ‫ ݐ‬FRPRHL[R ܱ‫ ݕ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDVቀ0, െ ቁ.
ଶ
12.2. 5HWD‫ ݎ‬:െ3 = െ2 × 5 + 3 ֞ െ3 = െ7 3URSRVLomRIDOVD

2SRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWD‫ݎ‬.
1 + 2݇ = 5 ݇=2
5HWD‫ݏ‬: (5, െ3) = (1, െ1) + ݇(2, െ4) ֞ (5, െ3) = (1 + 2݇, െ1 െ 4݇) ֞ ቄ ֞ ቊ݇ = ଵ
െ1 െ 4݇ = െ3 ଶ
2SRQWRQmRSHUWHQFHjUHWD‫ݏ‬.
5 = 1 + 2݇ ݇=2
5HWD‫ݐ‬: ቄ ֞ቄ
െ3 = െ1 െ ݇ ݇=2
2SRQWRSHUWHQFHjUHWD‫ݐ‬.
ିସ
12.3. 5HWD‫ݏ‬: 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ ݏ‬pെORJRRVHXGHFOLYHp = െ2.
ଶ
7HP-VHHQWmRTXHDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDpGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ.
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SRUHെUHVSHWLYDPHQWHWHP-VHെ1 = െ2 × 1 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 1.
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 1.
ିଵ ଵ
5HWD‫ݐ‬: 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ ݐ‬pെORJRRVHXGHFOLYHp = െ . 7HP-VHHQWmRTXHD
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
HTXDomR UHGX]LGD GD UHWD p GD IRUPD ‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ 6XEVWLWXLQGR ‫ ݔ‬H ‫ ݕ‬SRU H െ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
UHVSHWLYDPHQWHWHP-VH െ1 = െ ×1+ܾ ܾ֞ =െ .
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬െ .
ଶ ଶ
12.4. 5HWD‫ݎ‬: &RPRRGHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬pെXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUpSRUH[HPSORെ
$ RUGHQDGD QD RULJHP GHVWD UHWD p R TXH VLJQLILFD TXH R SRQWR GH FRRUGHQDGDV
SHUWHQFHjUHWD/RJRXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬p (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, 3) + ݇(1, െ2), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
5HWD‫ݐ‬: 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ ݐ‬pെHDUHWDSDVVDQRSRQWRെ/RJRXPDHTXDomR
YHWRULDOGDUHWD‫ ݐ‬p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, െ1) + ݇(2, െ1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ.

12.5.&RPRVHYLXQDVDOtQHDVDQWHULRUHVRGHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬pെRGHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ݏ‬pെHRGHFOLYH
ଵ
GDUHWD‫ ݐ‬pെ . /RJR DVUHWDV‫ ݎ‬H‫ ݏ‬VmRSDUDOHODV
ଶ
12.6. &RQVLGHUHP-VHDVHTXDo}HVUHGX]LGDVGDVUHWDV‫ ݎ‬H‫ݐ‬.
ଵ ଵ
‫ݎ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ‫ݐ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬െ
ଶ ଶ
(QWmR DDEFLVVDGRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDVUHWDV‫ ݎ‬H‫ ݐ‬pDVROXomRGDHTXDomRTXHVHREWpP
LJXDODQGRDVGXDVHTXDo}HV
ଵ ଵ ଻
െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = െ ‫ݔ‬െ ֞ െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = െ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ െ3‫ = ݔ‬െ7 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ ଷ
଻ ହ
3RURXWURODGR‫ = ݕ‬െ2 × +4 = െ .
ଷ ଷ
଻ ହ
/RJR DVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDVUHWDV‫ ݎ‬H‫ ݐ‬VmRቀ , െ ଷቁ.
ଷ
12.7. ‫ݏ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 1GH DFRUGRFRPDDOtQHD.
$VVLP ‫݌‬ଶ + 2 = െ2 × (2‫ ݌‬+ 1) + 1 ֞ ‫݌‬ଶ + 2 = െ4‫ ݌‬െ 2 + 1 ֞ ‫݌‬ଶ + 4‫ ݌‬+ 3 = 0
ିସ±ξଵ଺ିଵଶ ିସ±ଶ
֞‫=݌‬ ֞‫=݌‬ ֞ ‫ = ݌‬െ1 ‫ = ݌ ש‬െ3
ଶ ଶ
13.
13.1. 2 SRQWR ‫ ܣ‬SHUWHQFH j ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV tPSDUHV /RJR ‫ܽ( ܣ‬, ܽ), VHQGR ܽ < 0. 2 SRQWR ‫ܤ‬
SHUWHQFH j ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV SDUHV /RJR ‫ܾ(ܤ‬, െܾ), VHQGR ܾ > 0. &RPR R WULkQJXOR >ܱ‫ @ܤܣ‬p
UHWkQJXORHPܱ SRUܱ‫ ܣ‬Hܱ‫ ܤ‬VHUHPUHVSHWLYDPHQWHDELVVHWUL]GRVTXDGUDQWHVtPSDUHVHDELVVHWUL]
GRVTXDGUDQWHVSDUHVHQWmR
തതതത×ை஻
ை஺ തതതത
‫[ܣ‬ை஺஻] = 12 ֞ = 12 ֞ ξܽଶ + ܽଶ × ξܾ ଶ + ܾ ଶ = 24 ֞ ξ2ܽଶ × ξ2ܾ ଶ = 24
ଶ
֞ ξ2|ܽ| × ξ2|ܾ| = 24 ֞ 2|ܾܽ| = 24 ֞ |ܾܽ| = 12.

ଷ ଷ ଷ
3RURXWURODGRDRUGHQDGDGH‫ ܤ‬pLJXDOD GDRUGHQDGDGH ‫ ܣ‬RXVHMDെܾ = ܾܽ֞=െ ܽ.
ଶ ଶ ଶ
6XEVWLWXLQGRQDLJXDOGDGHREWLGDDFLPDWHP-VH
ଷ ଷ
ቚܽ × ቀെ ቁ ܽቚ = 12 ֞ ܽଶ = 12 ֞ ܽଶ = 8 ֞ ܽ = 2ξ2 ‫ = ܽ ש‬െ2ξ2
ଶ ଶ
ଷ
8PDYH]TXHܽ < 0WHP-VHTXHܽ = െ2ξ2 Hܾ = െ × ൫െ2ξ2൯ = 3ξ2.
ଶ
/RJR ‫ܣ‬൫െ2ξ2, െ2ξ2൯H‫ܤ‬൫3ξ2, െ3ξ2൯.

13.2. &RPRVHYLXQDDOtQHDDQWHULRU‫ܱܣ‬෠ ‫ = ܤ‬90°RTXHVLJQLILFDTXH>‫@ܤܱܣ‬pXPWULkQJXORLQVFULWRQXPD
VHPLFLUFXQIHUrQFLD/RJR DKLSRWHQXVDGHVWHWULkQJXOR>‫@ܤܣ‬pXPGLkPHWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫@ܤܣ‬FXMDVFRRUGHQDGDVVmR
ିଶξଶାଷξଶ ିଶξଶିଷξଶ ξଶ ହξଶ
ቀ , ቁ=ቀ ,െ ቁ. 2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpLJXDOD
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
మ మ మ మ
തതതത
஺஻ ට൫ିଶξଶିଷξଶ൯ ା൫ିଶξଶାଷξଶ൯ ට൫ିହξଶ൯ ା൫ξଶ൯ ହଶ
ξହ଴ାଶ
= = = = ට = ξ13
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ
ଶ ଶ
ξଶ ହξଶ
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ = 13.
ଶ ଶ

‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫ = ܣ‬൫3ξ2, െ3ξ2൯ െ ൫െ2ξ2, െ2ξ2൯ = ൫5ξ2, െξ2൯
ିξଶ ଵ
/RJRRGHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ܤܣ‬p = െ 7HP-VHHQWmRTXHDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWD‫ܤܣ‬
ହξଶ ହ
ଵ
pGDIRUPD‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬+ ܾ. 6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݔ‬H‫ ݕ‬SRUെ2ξ2 Hെ2ξ2UHVSHWLYDPHQWHWHP-VH:
ହ
ଵ ଵଶξଶ
െ2ξ2 = െ × ൫െ2ξ2൯ + ܾ ֞ ܾ = െ
ହ ହ
ଵ ଵଶξଶ
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDp‫ = ݕ‬െ ‫ݔ‬െ
ହ ହ
14.
14.1. 4XHU-VHPRVWUDUTXHDVGLDJRQDLVGHTXDOTXHUSDUDOHORJUDPR
ELVVHWDP-VH LVWR p TXH VH LQWHUVHWDP QXP SRQWR TXH p R
SRQWR PpGLR GH DPEDV DV GLDJRQDLV &RQVLGHUH-VH XP
SDUDOHORJUDPR >‫ @ܦܥܤܣ‬TXDOTXHU H VHMD ‫ ܯ‬R SRQWR GH
LQWHUVHomRGDVVXDVGLDJRQDLV4XHU-VHPRVWUDUTXHVH‫ ܯ‬pR
SRQWRPpGLRGH>‫ ]ܥܣ‬HQWmRWDPEpPpRSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫]ܦܤ‬.
6H ‫ ܯ‬p R SRQWR PpGLR GH >‫ @ܥܣ‬HQWmR ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܯܣ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܯܤ‬H
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܯ‬
‫ܥܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܦ‬
(QWmR ‫ܯܣ‬ ‫ ֞ ܥܯ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܦܯ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܯܤ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܥܦ‬.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܦ‬
8PDYH]TXH‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ HQWmR‫ܤܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܯܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ֞ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܯ‬ ‫ܦܯ = ܯܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
/RJR‫ ܯ‬pRSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫]ܦܤ‬.
14.2. &RQVLGHUH XP TXDGULOiWHUR >‫ @ܦܥܤܣ‬TXDOTXHU 6HMDP ‫ ܯ‬R SRQWR
PpGLRGH>‫ ܰ@ܦܣ‬RSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫ ܲ@ܤܣ‬RSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫]ܥܤ‬
ଵ ଵ
H ܳ R SRQWR PpGLR GH >‫]ܦܥ‬. (QWmR ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫= ܦܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦܣ‬H ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫= ܳܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܦ‬.
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܯ‬
/RJR‫ܳܯ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫= ܳܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ +
‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ =
‫ܥܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܦ‬
൫‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
‫ܥܣ‬
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ =
$QDORJDPHQWHܰ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ܲܤ‬
‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
‫ܥܤ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
/RJR ܰܲ ܰ‫ ܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫= ܲܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫= ܥܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
൫‫ܤܣ‬ ‫ ܥܤ‬൯ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܣ‬.
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
$VVLP‫ܳܯ‬ ܰܲ. /RJRRTXDGULOiWHUR>‫@ܳܲܰܯ‬WHPGRLVODGRVFRPDPHVPDGLUHomRHFRPR
PHVPRFRPSULPHQWRSHORTXHpXPSDUDOHORJUDPR
15.
തതതത = 2
15.1. ‫ܧܣ‬
തതതതത
‫ = ܯܧ‬തതതതത തതതത = 6.
‫ = ܪܯ‬3ORJR‫ܪܧ‬
തതതത = 2‫ܪܧ‬
‫ܩܪ‬ തതതത = 6
‫(ܯ‬0, 0, 4)
7HP-VH HQWmR‫(ܣ‬3, 0, 2)‫(ܤ‬3, 12, 2)‫(ܥ‬െ3, 12, 2)‫(ܦ‬െ3, 0, 2)‫(ܧ‬3, 0, 4)‫(ܨ‬3, 12, 4)‫(ܩ‬െ3, 12, 4) H
‫(ܪ‬െ3, 0, 4)

തതതത = ‫ܤܨ‬
15.2. ܱ‫ܧ‬ തതതത = 3 തതതത തതതത = 6
‫ = ܨܧ‬2ܱ‫ܧ‬
7HP-VH HQWmR ‫(ܣ‬3, 0, െ3) ‫(ܤ‬3, 6, െ3) ‫(ܥ‬0, 6, െ3) ‫(ܦ‬0, 0, െ3) ‫(ܧ‬3, 0, 0) ‫(ܨ‬3, 6, 0) ‫(ܩ‬0, 6, 0) H
ܱ(0, 0, 0)
15.3. തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬തതതത
‫ = ܧܣ‬4 തതതത = തതതത
‫ܤܣ‬ ‫ = ܦܣ‬5
തതതത ଶ + തതതത
ܱ‫ܦ‬ തതതതଶ ֞ ܱ‫ܦ‬
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ = ‫ܦܣ‬ തതതത ଶ = 5ଶ െ 4ଶ ֞ ܱ‫ܦ‬
തതതത ଶ = 9ORJRܱ‫ܦ‬
തതതത = 3.
7HP-VHHQWmR ‫(ܣ‬4, 0, 0)‫(ܤ‬4, 5, 0)‫(ܥ‬0, 8, 0)‫(ܦ‬0, 3, 0)‫(ܧ‬4, 0, 4) ‫(ܨ‬4, 5, 4)‫(ܩ‬0, 8, 4) H‫(ܪ‬0, 3, 4)
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬തതതത
15.4. തതതത ‫ = ܤܣ‬തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܤ‬4
തതതത തതതത = 8
ܱ‫ = ܧ‬2‫ܤܣ‬
6HQGR݄ DDOWXUDGRWULkQJXOR>ܱ‫]ܤܣ‬:
ଶ
തതതത
ܱ‫ܤ‬
݄ + ቆ ቇ = തതതത
ଶ
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ ֞ ݄ଶ = 4ଶ െ 2ଶ ֞ ݄ଶ = 12
2
LRJR ݄ = ξ12 = 2ξ3.

7HP-VHHQWmR ‫(ܣ‬2ξ3, 2, 0)‫(ܤ‬0, 4, 0)‫(ܥ‬2ξ3, 2, 8)‫(ܦ‬0, 4, 8)‫(ܧ‬0, 0, 8) ܱ(0, 0, 0)
16. തതതത
‫ݔ = ܥܤ‬
തതതത തതതത = 2‫ݔ‬
‫ = ܤܣ‬2‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = 2‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܦܣ‬ തതതത = 4‫ݔ‬
ܸ୔୰୧ୱ୫ୟ = 216 ֞ ‫ × ݔ‬2‫ × ݔ‬4‫ = ݔ‬216 ֞ 8‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 216 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = 27 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3
16.1. a) ‫ܧܥܤ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬6
b) ‫ܤܣ‬: ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݖ ר‬0
c) [‫]ܦܧܤܣ‬: ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 6 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݖ‬൑ 12
d) [‫]ܦܩ‬: 0 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0 ‫ = ݖ ר‬12
e) 0 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 6 ‫ ר‬0 ൑ ‫ ݖ‬൑ 12
f) 8PDYH]TXH‫(ܩ‬0, 0, 12) H ‫(ܨ‬0, 6, 12)HQWmRXPDHTXDomRGRSODQRPHGLDGRUGH>‫@ܤܣ‬p ‫ = ݕ‬3.
g) ‫(ܦ‬3, 0, 12) H‫(ܨ‬0, 6, 12)
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 12)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 6)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 12)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 12‫ ݕ‬+ 36 ֞ െ6‫ ݔ‬+ 12‫ ݕ‬െ 27 = 0
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = 0
16.2. a) $UHVWD>‫]ܨܧ‬.
b) )DFH>‫]ܦܩܱܣ‬.
16.3. 8PGLkPHWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDTXHFRQWpPWRGRVRVYpUWLFHVGRSULVPDp>‫]ܤܩ‬.
$VVLPRFHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDVHUiRSRQWRPpGLRGHVWHVHJPHQWR GHUHWD
଴ାଷ ଴ା଺ ଵଶା଴
FXMDVFRRUGHQDGDVVmR ቀ , , ቁ = ቀଷଶ , 3, 6ቁ.
ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതത
ீ஻ ξଷమ ା଺మ ାଵଶమ ξଵ଼ଽ
2FRPSULPHQWRGRUDLRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp = = .
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଵ଼ଽ
$VVLPXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHHVWDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ +(‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 6)ଶ =
ଶ
.
ସ
‫ ܨ = ܨܦ‬െ ‫( = ܦ‬0, 6, 12) െ (3, 0, 12) = (െ3, 6, 0)
/RJR XPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHSDVVDHP‫ ܤ‬HpSDUDOHODD‫ ܨܦ‬p
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬3, 6, 0) + ݇(െ3, 6, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ

17. ‫(ܦ‬1, െ1, 2) ‫(ܤ‬2, െ2, 1) ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ (1, 0, 2)
17.1. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, െ2, 1) െ (1, െ1, 2) = (1, െ1, െ1)
‫ܤܣ‬
$VVLP‫ܤܣ‬: (‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬1, െ1, 2) + ݇(1, െ1, െ1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ. 3DUDTXHRSRQWR(െ4‫݌‬, 4‫݌‬, ‫ )݌‬SHUWHQoDjUHWDAB:
(െ4‫݌‬, 4‫݌‬, ‫( = )݌‬1, െ1, 2) + ݇(1, െ1, െ1)
֞ (െ4‫݌‬, 4‫݌‬, ‫( = )݌‬1, െ1, 2) + (݇, െ݇, െ݇)
֞ (െ4‫݌‬, 4‫݌‬, ‫( = )݌‬1 + ݇, െ1 െ ݇, 2 െ ݇)
െ4‫ = ݌‬1 + ݇ െ4(2 െ ݇) = 1 + ݇ െ8 + 4݇ = 1 + ݇ 3݇ = 9
֞ ൝4‫ = ݌‬െ1 െ ݇ ֞ ൝ െ ֞൝ െ ֞൝ െ
‫=݌‬2െ݇ െ െ െ
݇=3 ݇=3
֞ ൝4‫ = ݌‬െ1 െ 3 ֞ ൝‫ = ݌‬െ1 /RJR ‫ = ݌‬െ1.
‫=݌‬2െ3 ‫ = ݌‬െ1
17.2. 2FRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRHVSDoRHTXLGLVWDQWHVGH‫ ܣ‬HGH‫ ܤ‬pDPHGLDWUL]GH>‫]ܤܣ‬:
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 1)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬+ 2 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݖ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
֞ 2 ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݕ‬െ 2‫ ݖ‬െ 3 = 0
ሬԦ = (2, െ2,1) + (1,0,2) = (3, െ2,3)
17.3. ‫ ܤ‬+ ‫ݑ‬
2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDpRSRQWRPpGLRGRVHJPHQWRGHUHWDFXMDVH[WUHPLGDGHV
ଵାଷ ିଵିଶ ଶାଷ
ሬԦ: ቀ
VmRRVSRQWRV‫ ܣ‬H‫ ܤ‬+ ‫ݑ‬ , , ቁ = ቀ2, െ ଷଶ , ହଶቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ඥ(ଵିଷ)మ ା(ିଵାଶ)మ ା(ଶିଷ)మ ξସାଵାଵ ξ଺

2UDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDp: = =
ଶ ଶ ଶ
/RJRXPDHTXDomRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp
ଷ ଶ ହ ଶ ଺ ଷ ଶ ହ ଶ ଷ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ = ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݕ‬+ ቁ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ =
ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ଶ ଶ
17.4. 8PDYH]TXH‫ݒ‬Ԧ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ݑ‬
ሬԦHQWmR‫ݒ‬Ԧ(݇, 0, 2݇) SDUDDOJXPQ~PHURUHDO݇.
ԡ‫ݒ‬Ԧԡ = 10 ֞ ඥ݇ ଶ + 0ଶ + (2݇)ଶ = 10 ֞ ݇ ଶ + 4݇ ଶ = 100 ֞ ݇ ଶ = 20 ֞ ݇ = 2ξ5 ‫ = ݇ ש‬െ2ξ5
&RPR‫ݒ‬Ԧ WHPRPHVPRVHQWLGRGH‫ݑ‬
ሬԦHQWmR݇ !RORJR‫ݒ‬Ԧ൫2ξ5, 0, 4ξ5൯.
18. ‫(ܣ‬0, 2, 0) ‫(ܧ‬െ1, 1, 3) ‫(ܤ‬െ2, 4, 4) H ‫(ܦ‬െ6, 3, 2)

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ1, 1, 3) െ (0, 2, 0) = (െ1, െ1, 3)
18.1. ‫ܧܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܦܣ‬െ6, 3, 2) െ (0, 2, 0) = (െ6, 1, 2)
‫ ܤ = ܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܦܣ‬െ2, 4, 4) + (െ6, 1, 2) = (െ8, 5, 6)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ2, 4, 4) + (െ1, െ1, 3) = (െ3, 3, 7)
‫ ܤ = ܨ‬+ ‫ܧܣ‬
‫ ܨ = ܩ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܦܣ‬െ3, 3, 7) + (െ6, 1, 2) = (െ9, 4, 9)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ1, 1, 3) + (െ6 ,1, 2) = (െ7, 2, 5)
‫ ܧ = ܪ‬+ ‫ܦܣ‬
തതതത = ฮ‫ܧܣ‬
18.2. ‫ܧܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ඥ(െ1)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ1 + 1 + 0 = ξ11
തതതത = ฮ‫ܦܣ‬
‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ඥ(െ6)ଶ + 1ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ36 + 1 + 4 = ξ41
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܤܣ‬െ2, 4, 4) െ (0, 2, 0) = (െ2, 2, 4)
തതതത ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + 2ଶ + 4ଶ = ξ4 + 4 + 16 = ξ24
‫ = ܤܣ‬ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
$VVLPRYROXPHGRSULVPDp:
തതതത × ‫ܦܣ‬
‫ܧܣ‬ തതതത × ‫ܤܣ‬
തതതത = ξ11 × ξ41 × ξ24 = ξ10 824 = 2ξ2706 XY

଴ିଽ ଶାସ ଴ାଽ ଽ ଽ
18.3. 2FHQWURGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDpRSRQWRPpGLRGH>‫]ܩܣ‬: ቀ , , ቁ = ቀെ , 3, ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
2UDLRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp
തതതത
஺ீ ඥ(଴ାଽ)మ ା(ଶିସ)మ ା(଴ିଽ)మ ξ଼ଵାସା଼ଵ ξଵ଺଺ ଵ଺଺ ଼ଷ
= = = = ට = ට
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ
ଽ ଶ ଽ ଶ ଼ଷ
/RJRXPDHTXDomRVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDp: ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +(‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + ቀ‫ ݖ‬െ ቁ =
ଶ ଶ ଶ
19.
19.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݕ‬െ 8‫ ݖ‬+ 12 = 0
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݖ‬+ 16 = െ12 + 4 + 1 + 16
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 4)ଶ = 9
$VVLP‫(ܥ‬2, െ1, 4) HRUDLRGDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDpξ9 = 3.
19.2. (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 4)ଶ = 9 ‫ = ݖ ר‬4
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + (4 െ 4)ଶ = 9 ‫ = ݖ ר‬4
֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ = 9 ‫ = ݖ ר‬4
19.3. (0 െ 2)ଶ + (0 + 1)ଶ + (2 െ 4)ଶ = 9 ֞ 4 + 1 + 4 = 9 ֞ 9 = 9 3URSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
/RJRRSRQWR‫ ܣ‬SHUWHQFHjVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFD
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, െ1, 4) െ (0, 0, 2) = (2, െ1, 2)
‫ܥܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ඥ2ଶ + (െ1)ଶ + 2ଶ = ξ4 + 1 + 4 = ξ9 = 3
ฮ‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത p:
/RJRDLQHTXDomRTXHGHILQHDHVIHUDGHFHQWUR‫ ܣ‬HUDLR‫ܥܣ‬
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ 9 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݖ‬+ 4 ൑ 9
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݖ‬െ 5 ൑ 0
20.
20.1. (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 5 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (3 െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 5 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + 1 + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 5 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3
֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 4 ‫ = ݕ ר‬3
20.2. (ܾ + 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 5 ֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 1)ଶ = 5 െ (ܾ + 3)ଶ
$VVLP
5 െ (ܾ + 3)ଶ = 5 ֞ (ܾ + 3)ଶ = 0
ܾ֞+3=0
֞ ܾ = െ3
Tema IV – Funções reais de variável real

Páginas 22 a 27
1.
1.1. ݂ p LQMHWLYD SRUTXH TXDLVTXHU TXH VHMDP ‫ݔ‬ଵ H ‫ݔ‬ଶ SHUWHQFHQWHV D Թ WDLV TXH ‫ݔ‬ଵ ് ‫ݔ‬ଶ WHP-VH TXH
2‫ݔ‬ଵ ് 2‫ݔ‬ଶ H2‫ݔ‬ଵ + 1 ് 2‫ݔ‬ଶ + 1RXVHMD݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) ് ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ).
݃ QmRpLQMHWLYDSRUTXHSRUH[HPSOR݃ ݃(െ
݄ p LQMHWLYD SRUTXH TXDLVTXHU TXH VHMDP ‫ݔ‬ଵ H ‫ݔ‬ଶ SHUWHQFHQWHV D Թ WDLV TXH ‫ݔ‬ଵ ് ‫ݔ‬ଶ WHP-VH TXH
(‫ݔ‬ଵ )ଷ ് (‫ݔ‬ଶ )ଷ H(‫ݔ‬ଵ )ଷ + 1 ് (‫ݔ‬ଶ )ଷ + 1RXVHMD݄(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) ് ݄(‫ݔ‬ଶ ).

݅ QmRpLQMHWLYDSRUTXHSRUH[HPSOR݅ = ݅(െ =
݆ pLQMHWLYDSRUTXHDTXDLVTXHUGRLVREMHWRVGLIHUHQWHVFRUUHVSRQGHPLPDJHQVGLIHUHQWHV
݇ QmRpLQMHWLYDSRUTXHKiREMHWRVGLIHUHQWHVDTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDPHVPDLPDJHPSRUH[HPSOR
RV]HURVGDIXQomR
݈ pLQMHWLYDSRUTXHDTXDLVTXHUGRLVREMHWRVGLIHUHQWHVFRUUHVSRQGHPLPDJHQVGLIHUHQWHV
݉ QmRpLQMHWLYDSRUTXHKiREMHWRVGLIHUHQWHVDTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDPHVPDLPDJHPSRUH[HPSOR
RV]HURVGDIXQomR
1.2. ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ = Թ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݂ORJR݂ pVREUHMHWLYD
‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = [െ1, +λ[ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݃ORJR݃ pVREUHMHWLYD
‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = Թ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݄ORJR݄ pVREUHMHWLYD
‫ܦ‬௜ᇱ = [0, +λ[ ് Թ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݅ORJR݅ QmRpVREUHMHWLYD
‫ܦ‬௝ᇱ = Թା = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݆ORJR݆ pVREUHMHWLYD
‫ܦ‬௟ᇱ = Թ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݈ORJR݈ pVREUHMHWLYD
ᇱ
‫ܦ‬௠ = [െ1,1] ് Թ = &RQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDGH݉ORJR݉ QmRpVREUHMHWLYD
1.3. $VIXQo}HV݂ ݄݆ H݈ VmRVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHLQMHWLYDVHVREUHMHWLYDVORJRVmRELMHWLYDV
2.
2.1. ݂(െ1) = 1 + 1 = 2 ݂(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
/RJRDUHVWULomRGH݂ D>െ@QmRpLQMHWLYD
2.2. 4XDLVTXHUTXHVHMDPRVYDORUHVGH‫ݔ‬ଵ H‫ݔ‬ଶ SHUWHQFHQWHVD]െλ, 0] WDLVTXH‫ݔ‬ଵ ് ‫ݔ‬ଶ
HQWmR(‫ݔ‬ଵ )ଶ ് (‫ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ H(‫ݔ‬ଵ )ଶ + 1 ് (‫ݔ‬ଶ )ଶ + 1RXVHMD݂(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) ് ݂(‫ݔ‬ଶ ).
/RJRDUHVWULomRGH݂ D]െλ, 0] p LQMHWLYD
2.3. &RPR ] െ>pXPVXEFRQMXQWRGH]െλ, 0] HYLPRVTXH݂ pLQMHWLYDQHVWHLQWHUYDOR
HQWmR݂ pLQMHWLYDHP@ െ>
2.4. ݂(െ1) = 1 + 1 = 2 ݂(1) = 1 + 1 = 2 /RJRDUHVWULomRGH݂ D[െ1, +λ[ QmRpLQMHWLYD
3. 3.8. ݄ିଵ (2) = 1

3.1. (݂ ‫()݃ ל‬0) = ݂൫݃(0)൯ = ݂(1) = 4 3.9. ݅ ିଵ (4) = 2
3.2. (݄ ‫()݃ ל‬1) = ݄൫݃(1)൯ = ݄(2) = 4 3.10. ݇ ିଵ (െ3) = 5
3.3. (݂ ‫()݄ ל‬1) = ݂൫݄(1)൯ = ݂(2) = 5 3.11. (݂ ିଵ ‫()݄ ל‬2) = ݂ ିଵ ൫݄(2)൯ = ݂ ିଵ (4) = 1
3.4. (݆ ‫()݅ ל‬2) = ݆൫݅(2)൯ = ݆(4) = 2 3.12. (݂ ‫ି݃ ל‬ଵ )(2) = ݂൫݃ିଵ (2)൯ = ݂(1) = 4
3.5. (݆ ‫()݇ ל‬െ2) = ݆൫݇(െ2)൯ = ݆(4) = 2 3.13. (݅ ‫ି ݇ ל‬ଵ )(0) = ݅൫݇ ିଵ (0)൯ = ݅(0) = 0
3.6. (݇ ‫()݇ ל‬0) = ݇൫݇(0)൯ = ݇(0) = 0 3.14. (݅ ିଵ ‫()݇ ל‬െ2) = ݅ ିଵ ൫݇(െ2)൯ = ݅ ିଵ (4) = 2
3.7. ݂ ିଵ (6) = 3 3.15. (݆ ‫ି ݇ ל‬ଵ )(4) = ݆൫݇ ିଵ (4)൯ = ݆(െ2) = െ2
௫ାଷ ଵ
4. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 5; ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ ݃(‫= )ݔ‬ ; ‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ് 0} = Թ\ ቄ ቅ
ଶ௫ିଵ ଶ
ଷ
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3; ‫ܦ‬௛ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൒ 0} = ቂെ , +λቂ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
4.1. a) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ‬Թ\ ቄ ቅ ‫ א )ݔ(݃ ר‬Թቅ = Թ\ ቄ ቅ
ଶ ଶ
௫ାଷ ଶ௫ା଺
(݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ()݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂ ቀ ቁ= െ5
ଶ௫ିଵ ଶ௫ିଵ

b) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ א )ݔ(݂ ר‬Թ} = Թ
(݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂(2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = 2(2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) െ 5 = 4‫ ݔ‬െ 15
ଷ ଷ
c) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௛ = ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ‬ቂെ , +λቂ ‫ א )ݔ(݄ ר‬Թቅ = ቂെ , +λቂ
ଶ ଶ
(݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ()݄ ל‬൫݄(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂൫ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3൯ = 2ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ 5

ଷ ଻
d) ‫ܦ‬௛‫ל‬௙ = ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ א )ݔ(݂ ר‬ቂെ , +λቂቅ = ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ସ
Cálculo auxiliar
ଷ ଷ ଻ ଻
݂(‫ א )ݔ‬ቂെ , +λቂ ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ൒ െ ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬൒ ֞‫ݔ‬൒
ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ
(݄ ‫݄ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݄(2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) = ඥ2(2‫ ݔ‬െ 5) + 3 = ξ4‫ ݔ‬െ 7

4.2. a) ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ షభ
ଵ ହ
2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬2‫ ݕ = ݔ‬+ 5 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ‫ݕ‬+
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ହ
/RJR ݂ ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬+ . ‫ܦ‬௙షభ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௙ᇱ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ
b) ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ\ ቄ
ଶ
ቅ = ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ షభ
‫ݔ‬+3
= ‫ ݔ ֞ ݕ‬+ 3 = (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)‫ ݔ ֞ ݕ‬+ 3 = 2‫ ݕݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ ֞ ݕ‬െ 2‫ = ݕݔ‬െ‫ ݕ‬െ 3
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1
ି௬ିଷ ௬ାଷ
֞ ‫(ݔ‬1 െ 2‫ = )ݕ‬െ‫ ݕ‬െ 3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଵିଶ௬ ଶ௬ିଵ
௫ାଷ ଵ
/RJR ݃ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬ . ‫ܦ‬௚షభ = Թ\ ቄ ቅ = ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ
ଶ௫ିଵ ଶ
ᇱ
c) (݂ ‫ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬4‫ ݔ‬െ 15 ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௙ = Թ = ‫(ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௙) షభ
ଵ ଵହ
4‫ ݔ‬െ 15 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬4‫ = ݔ‬15 + ‫= ݔ ֞ ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬+
ସ ସ
ଵ ଵହ
/RJR (݂ ‫ି)݂ ל‬ଵ (‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬+ . ᇱ
‫(ܦ‬௙°௙)షభ = Թ = ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௙
ସ ସ
ଶ௫ା଺ ଵ ᇱ
d) (݂ ‫= )ݔ()݃ ל‬ െ5 ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = Թ\ ቄ ቅ = ‫(ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚)షభ
ଶ௫ିଵ ଶ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 6 2‫ ݔ‬+ 6
െ5 =‫֞ ݕ‬ = ‫ ݕ‬+ 5 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = (‫ ݕ‬+ 5)(2‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 2‫ ݕݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬+ 10‫ ݔ‬െ 5
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ ݕݔ‬െ 10‫ = ݔ‬െ‫ ݕ‬െ 5 െ 6
֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ8 െ 2‫ = )ݕ‬െ‫ ݕ‬െ 11
ି௬ିଵଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ି଼ିଶ௬
௬ାଵଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ௬ା଼
௫ାଵଵ
/RJR (݂ ‫ି)݃ ל‬ଵ (‫= )ݔ‬ .
ଶ௫ା଼
ᇱ
‫(ܦ‬௙°௚)షభ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: 2‫ ݔ‬+ 8 ് 0} = Թ\{െ4} = ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚
5. ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1; ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ

݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1; ‫ܦ‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ൒ 0} = [1, +λ[

5.1. a) ‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫[ א ݔ‬1, +λ[ ‫ א )ݔ(݃ ר‬Թ} = [1, +λ[
ଶ
(݂ ‫݂ = )ݔ()݃ ל‬൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݂൫െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1൯ = ൫െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1൯ + 2൫െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1൯ + 1
= 4 െ 4ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ 4 + 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + 1

= ‫ ݔ‬െ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
b) ‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫[ א )ݔ(݂ ר‬1, +λ[} = ]െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬0, +λ[
݂(‫[ א )ݔ‬1, +λ[ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൒ 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬0, +λ[
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
(݃ ‫݃ = )ݔ()݂ ל‬൫݂(‫)ݔ‬൯ = ݃(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 1 = െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ݔ‬

5.2. ݂ QmR pLQMHWLYDSRUTXHSRUH[HPSOR݂ ݂(െ
݂ QmRpVREUHMHWLYDSRUTXHRVHXFRQWUDGRPtQLR>f>pGLIHUHQWHGRVHXFRQMXQWRGHFKHJDGDԹ.
݃ pLQMHWLYDSRUTXHSDUDTXDLVTXHU‫ݔ‬ଵ , ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫[ א‬1, +λ[, WDLVTXH‫ݔ‬ଵ ് ‫ݔ‬ଶ WHP-VHTXH‫ݔ‬ଵ െ 1 ് ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 1
ORJR ඥ‫ݔ‬ଵ െ 1 ് ඥ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 HSRUWDQWR െ2 + ඥ‫ݔ‬ଵ െ 1 ് െ2 + ඥ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 1RXVHMD݃(‫ݔ‬ଵ ) ് ݃(‫ݔ‬ଶ ).
݃ QmR p VREUHMHWLYD SRUTXH R VHX FRQWUDGRPtQLR >െ f> p GLIHUHQWH GR VHX FRQMXQWR GH
FKHJDGDԹ.
5.3. a) ݂ QmRWHPLQYHUVDSRUTXHQmRpXPDIXQomRLQMHWLYD
b) $LQYHUVDGH݃ pDLQYHUVDGH
݃: >f[ ื [െf[
‫ݔ‬ հ ݃(‫)ݔ‬
SRLVDVVLP݃ pVREUHMHWLYDHMiYLPRVTXH݃ pLQMHWLYDORJR݃ pLQYHUWtYHO
െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݕ‬+ 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = (‫ ݕ‬+ 2)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4
֞ ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݕ‬+ 5
$VVLP
‫ܦ‬௚షభ = ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = [ f[ ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ షభ = ‫ܦ‬௚ = >f[ ݃ିଵ (‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5
5.4. a) ‫ܦ‬௙ା௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫[ ת‬1, +λ[ = [1, +λ[

(݂ + ݃)(‫ )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬+ ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
b) ‫ܦ‬௙ି௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫[ ת‬1, +λ[ = [1, +λ[
(݂ െ ݃)(‫ )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬െ ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + 2 െ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
c) ‫ܦ‬௙×௚ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ = Թ ‫[ ת‬1, +λ[ = [1, +λ[
(݂ × ݃)(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(݃ × )ݔ(݂ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)൫െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1൯
d) ‫ܦ‬೑ = ‫ܦ‬௙ ‫ܦ ת‬௚ ‫ א ݔ{ ת‬Թ: ݃(‫ ് )ݔ‬0} = Թ ‫[ ת‬1, +λ[ ‫ ת‬Թ\{5} = [1, +λ[\{5}
೒
Cálculo auxiliar
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ2 + ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 2 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5
௙ ௙(௫) ௫ మ ାଶ௫ାଵ
ቀ ቁ (‫= )ݔ‬ =
௚ ௚(௫) ିଶାξ௫ିଵ
6.
6.1. ‫[ = ܦ‬െ2, 3[ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ2, 2] ZHURVെH
3RVLWLYDHP]0, 3[ HQHJDWLYDHP ]െ2, 0[.

6.2. ‫] = ܦ‬െ2, 2[ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െ2, 2] =HURV]െ2, 0] H
3RVLWLYDHP]0, 1[ HQHJDWLYDHP ]1, 2[.
6.3. ‫] = ܦ‬െ4, +λ[ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െ2, 1] =HURVെH
3RVLWLYDHP]െ2, +λ[ ‫{ ך‬0} HQHJDWLYDHP ]െ4, െ2[.
6.4. ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, 5] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = ]0, 5] 1mRWHP]HURV.
3RVLWLYDHP]െλ, 5].
7.
7.1. ܽ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ‫=ܦ‬Թ
௫ାଵ
7.2. ܾ(‫= )ݔ‬
௫ିଷ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ് 0} = Թ ‫{ ך‬3} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬3}
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬െ3=0֞‫= ݔ‬3
௫ାଵ
7.3. ܿ(‫= )ݔ‬
௫ మ ାଷ௫ାଶ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ് 0} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬െ2, െ1}
Cálculo auxiliar
െ3 ± ξ9 െ 8
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
2
ିଷ
7.4. ݀(‫= )ݔ‬
௫ మ ିଽ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 ് 0} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬െ3, 3}
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 9 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
ଶ
7.5. ݁(‫ = )ݔ‬1 +
௫ య ାଶ௫ మ ା௫
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ് ݔ‬0} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬െ1, 0}
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ ݔ( ש‬+ 1)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
7.6. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 3

Cálculo auxiliar
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൒ 0} ‫[ = ܦ‬െ3, +λ[ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ3
7.7. ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2 ൒ 0} ‫=ܦ‬Թ
7.8. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൒ 0} ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, െ3] ‫[ ׫‬െ2, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
ିହ±ξଶହିଶସ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3

7.9. ݅(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 25
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 25 ൒ 0} ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, െ5] ‫[ ׫‬5, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 25 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬5
ଵ
7.10. ݆(‫= )ݔ‬
ξ௫ మ ାଵ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 > 0} ‫=ܦ‬Թ
ଷ௫ାଷ
7.11. ݇(‫= )ݔ‬
ξଷ௫ାଵ
ଵ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: 3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0} ‫ = ܦ‬ቃെ , +λቂ
ଷ
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ
3‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬െ
ଷ
ଶ௫ାଵ
7.12. ݈(‫= )ݔ‬
ξ௫ మ ିଶହ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 25 > 0} ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, െ5[ ‫] ׫‬5, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 25 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬5
௫ మ ାଷ
7.13. ݉(‫ = )ݔ‬ට
௫ మ ାହ
௫ మ ାଷ
‫ = ܦ‬ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + 5 ് 0ቅ ‫=ܦ‬Թ
௫ మ ାହ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5 > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ
௫ మ ାଷ
/RJR > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ.
௫ మ ାହ
௫ మ ାଷ
7.14. ݊(‫ = )ݔ‬ට
௫ିହ
௫ మ ାଷ
‫ = ܦ‬ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 5 ് 0ቅ ‫] = ܦ‬5, +λ[
௫ିହ
௫ మ ାଷ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3 > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ ൒0֞‫ݔ‬െ5>0֞‫> ݔ‬5
௫ିହ
ଵ
7.15. ‫= )ݔ(݋‬
|௫ିଷ|
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| ് 0} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬3}

Cálculo auxiliar
|‫ ݔ‬െ 3| = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3

ିଶ
7.16. ‫= )ݔ(݌‬
|௫|ାଷ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: |‫ |ݔ‬+ 3 ് 0} ‫=ܦ‬Թ
Cálculo auxiliar
|‫ |ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ |‫ = |ݔ‬െ3 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHO
ଶ
7.17. ‫= )ݔ(ݍ‬
|௫|ିଷ
‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: |‫ |ݔ‬െ 3 ് 0} ‫ = ܦ‬Թ ‫{ ך‬െ3, 3}
Cálculo auxiliar
|‫ |ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ |‫ = |ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ3
7.18. ‫ = )ݔ(ݎ‬ඥ|‫ |ݔ‬െ 4

‫ א ݔ{ = ܦ‬Թ: |‫ |ݔ‬െ 4 ൒ 0} ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, െ4] ‫[ ׫‬4, +λ[
Cálculo auxiliar
|‫ |ݔ‬െ 4 ൒ 0 ֞ |‫ |ݔ‬൒ 4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 4 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ െ4
8.
8.1. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ‫ܦ‬௙ = Թ
݂(െ‫ = )ݔ‬2(െ‫ )ݔ‬+ 4 = െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 4
$VVLPH[LVWHPYDORUHVUHDLVSDUDRVTXDLV݂(െ‫ )ݔ(݂ ് )ݔ‬H݂(െ‫ ് )ݔ‬െ݂(‫ )ݔ‬ORJR݂ QmRpSDUQHP
tPSDU
ଶ
8.2. ݃(‫= )ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ\{0}
ଷ௫
ଶ ଶ
݃(െ‫= )ݔ‬ =െ = െ݃(‫ א ݔ׊)ݔ‬Թ\{0} /RJR݃ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
ଷ(ି௫) ଷ௫
8.3. ݄(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ‫ܦ‬௛ = Թ

݄(െ‫= )ݔ‬ (െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ + 2(െ‫ )ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
$VVLPH[LVWHPYDORUHVUHDLVSDUDRVTXDLV ݄(െ‫ )ݔ(݄ ് )ݔ‬H݄(െ‫ ് )ݔ‬െ݄(‫)ݔ‬ORJR݄ QmRpSDUQHP
tPSDU
8.4. ݅(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 4 ‫ܦ‬௜ = Թ
݅(െ‫= )ݔ‬ (െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ ଶ
+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = ݅(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ /RJR݅ pXPDIXQomRSDU
ଷ
8.5. ݆(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௝ = Թ
݆(െ‫( = )ݔ‬െ‫)ݔ‬ଷ + (െ‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ = ݔ‬െ݆(‫)ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ /RJR݆ pXPDIXQomRtPSDU
8.6. ݇(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬െ 2 ‫ܦ‬௞ = Թ
݇(െ‫| = )ݔ‬െ‫ |ݔ‬െ 2 = |‫ |ݔ‬െ 2 = ݇(‫ )ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ /RJR݇ pXPDIXQomRSDU
8.7. ݈(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 3| ‫ܦ‬௟ = Թ
݈(െ‫| = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3|
$VVLP H[LVWHP YDORUHV UHDLV SDUD RV TXDLV ݈(െ‫ )ݔ(݈ ് )ݔ‬H ݈(െ‫ ് )ݔ‬െ݈(‫ )ݔ‬ORJR ݈ QmR p SDU QHP
tPSDU
8.8. ݉(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 ‫ܦ‬௠ = Թ
݉(െ‫ = )ݔ‬ඥ(െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 = ݉(‫ )ݔ‬, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ /RJR݉ pXPDIXQomRSDU

8.9. ݊(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 1| + ‫ݔ‬ ‫ܦ‬௡ = Թ ݊(െ‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 1| െ ‫ݔ‬
$VVLPH[LVWHPYDORUHVUHDLVSDUDRVTXDLV ݊(െ‫ )ݔ(݊ ് )ݔ‬H݊(െ‫ ് )ݔ‬െ݊(‫)ݔ‬ORJR ݊ QmRpSDUQHP
tPSDU
9.
9.1. ‫] = ܦ‬െ4, 7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ2, 6] Zeros: 6
9.2. ‫] = ܦ‬െ4, 7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ6, 2] Zeros: െ1, 1, 4
9.3. ‫] = ܦ‬െ6, 5] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: െ2, 3
9.4. ‫] = ܦ‬െ2, 9] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: 2, 7
9.5. ‫[ = ܦ‬െ7, 4[ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: െ5, 0
9.6. ‫] = ܦ‬െ4, 7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: 0, 5

଻ ହ
9.7. ‫ = ܦ‬ቃെ2, ቃ ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: 0,
ଶ ଶ
9.8. ‫] = ܦ‬െ8, 14] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ4, 4] Zeros: 0, 10
9.9. ‫] = ܦ‬െ4, 7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ8, 8] Zeros: 0, 5
9.10.‫] = ܦ‬െ4 ,7] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ2, 2] Zeros: 0, 5
9.11.‫] = ܦ‬െ6, 5] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [െ8, 0] Zeros: ]െ6, 4] ‫[ ׫‬0, 1]
9.12.‫] = ܦ‬െ5, 6] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = [1, 5] Zeros: não tem

10. ݂(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1
10.1. ݂(0) = (0 െ 2)ଶ + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5
/RJR‫(ܣ‬0, 5
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬5 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1 = 5 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 = െ2
֞‫ = ݔ‬4‫= ݔש‬0
/RJR ‫(ܤ‬4, 5) H‫(ܥ‬4, 0).
10.2. ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] = തതതത
‫ × ܱܣ‬തതതത
‫ = ܱܤ‬5 × 4 = 20 u. a.
10.3. ݃(‫(݂ = )ݔ‬2‫( = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1
a) ݃(0) = ݂(0) = 5
/RJR ‫(ܦ‬0, 5).
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬5 ֞ (2‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1 = 5 ֞ (2‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 2 ‫ ש‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = െ2
֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬4 ‫ ש‬2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬0
/RJR ‫(ܧ‬2, 5) H‫(ܨ‬2, 0).
തതതത × ‫ܱܧ‬
b) ‫[ܣ‬ை஽ாி] = ‫ܱܦ‬ തതതത = 5 × 2 = 10 u. a.
ଵ
c) ‫[ܣ‬ை஽ாி] = ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] . $FRQWUDomRKRUL]RQWDOTXHWUDQVIRUPDRJUiILFRGH݂ QRJUiILFRGH݃
ଶ
ଵ
WHPIDWRU TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDRIDWRUSHORTXDOVHPXOWLSOLFD‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] SDUDVHREWHU‫[ܣ‬ை஽ாி].
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
10.4. ݄(‫= )ݔ‬ ݂(‫= )ݔ‬ [(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1]
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ହ
a) ݄(0) = ݂(0) =
ଶ ଶ
ହ
/RJR ‫ ܩ‬ቀ0, ቁ.
ଶ
ହ ଵ ହ
݄(‫= )ݔ‬ ֞ [(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1] = ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + 1 = 5 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4
ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 = െ2
֞‫= ݔ‬4‫= ݔש‬0
ହ
/RJR ‫ ܪ‬ቀ4, ቁ H‫(ܫ‬4, 0).
ଶ
ହ
‫[ܣ‬ைீுூ] = തതതത
‫ × ܱܩ‬തതതത
‫= ܱܪ‬ × 4 = 10 u. a.
ଶ
ଵ
b) ‫[ܣ‬ைீுூ] = ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை]. $FRQWUDomRYHUWLFDOTXHWUDQVIRUPDRJUiILFRGH݂ QRJUiILFRGH݄
ଶ
ଵ
WHP IDWRU TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDRIDWRUSHORTXDOVHPXOWLSOLFD‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] SDUDVHREWHU‫[ܣ‬ைீுூ] .
ଶ
௫ ଶ
10.5. ݆(‫ = )ݔ‬3݂ ቀଶቁ = 3 ቀ௫ଶ െ 2ቁ +3
݆(0) = 3݂(0) = 15
/RJR‫(ܬ‬0, 15).
௫ ଶ ௫ ଶ ௫ ଶ ௫ ௫
݆(‫ = )ݔ‬15 ֞ 3 ቀ െ 2ቁ +3 = 15 ֞ ቀ െ 2ቁ +1 = 5 ֞ ቀ െ 2ቁ = 4 ֞ െ2 = 2 ‫ ש‬െ 2 = െ2
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 4 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 4 = െ4
֞‫= ݔ‬8‫= ݔש‬0

/RJR ‫(ܭ‬8, 15) H‫(ܮ‬8, 0).
‫[ܣ‬ை௃௄௅] = തതത തതതത = 8 × 15 = 120 u. a.
‫ܱܭ × ܱܬ‬
‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] × 6 = ‫[ܣ‬ை௃௄௅] 2JUiILFRGH݆ REWpP-VHDSDUWLUGRJUiILFRGH ݂ DWUDYpVGHXPDGLODWDomR
KRUL]RQWDOGHIDWRUHXPDGLODWDomRYHUWLFDOGHIDWRUSHORTXH ‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼ை] × 2 × 3 = ‫[ܣ‬ை௃௄௅]
11.
11.1. ݂QmRWHPH[WUHPRVDEVROXWRVPtQLPRUHODWLYRPi[LPRUHODWLYR
݃ QmR WHP Pi[LPR DEVROXWR PtQLPR DEVROXWR െ PtQLPRV UHODWLYRV െ H QmR WHP Pi[LPRV
UHODWLYRV
݄QmRWHPH[WUHPRVDEVROXWRVPtQLPRUHODWLYRPi[LPRUHODWLYR
11.2. ݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ1] HHP[1, +λ[ HpFRQVWDQWHHP]െ1, 1[.
݃ pHVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, 0] HpHVWULWDPHQWH FUHVFHQWHHP[0, 2[ HHP[2, +λ[.
݄ pHVWULWDPHQWH GHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ2[ HHP]2, +λ[ HpFRQVWDQWHHP[െ2, 2].
11.3. 2JUiILFRGD IXQomR݃ WHP FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGDSDUDFLPDHP]െλ, 2[.
2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR ݄ WHP FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGD SDUD FLPD HP ]െλ, െ2[ H YROWDGD SDUD EDL[R HP
]2, +λ[.
12.
12.1. ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, 9] ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െλ, 3] ‫{ ׫‬4}
12.2. 2V]HURVGH݂ VmRെH
12.3. ݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHFUHVFHQWHHP]െλ, െ1], HP]0, 3] HHP[8, 9]
݂ pHVWULWDPHQWHGHFUHVFHQWHHP[െ1, 0[ HHP[3, 8].
12.4. ݂ pSRVLWLYDHP]െ2, 6[ HpQHJDWLYDHP]െλ, െ2[ ‫] ׫‬6, 9[.
12.5.a) ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬1, 5[
b) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ െ2 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ4] ‫{ ׫‬8}
c) ݂(‫(݂ < )ݔ‬0) ֞ ݂(‫ < )ݔ‬4 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 9] ‫{ ך‬0}
12.6. ݇ ‫] א‬െ2, 1]
12.7. $IXQomR ݂ pLQMHWLYDHP]0, 3]SRUH[HPSOR.
13.
13.1. ‫] = ܦ‬െ2, 5] ‫{ ך‬2}
ଵ
13.2. 6H‫] א ݔ‬െ2, െ1]HQWmR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ .
ଶ
ଵ
0DVെ ‫] ב‬െ2, െ1]. /RJR DIXQomRQmRWHP]HURVQHVWHLQWHUYDOR
ଶ
6H ‫] א ݔ‬െ1, 2[ HQWmR െ1= TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD /RJR D IXQomR QmR WHP ]HURV QHVWH
LQWHUYDOR 6H‫] א ݔ‬2, 5]HQWmR ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3.
&RPR3 ‫] א‬2, 5]HQWmRDIXQomRWHPXP]HURQHVWHLQWHUYDORHp
13.3.
‫ݔ‬ ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
െ െ
െ1 െ1
‫ݔ‬ ‫ = ݕ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3

1
െ
13.4. ‫ܦ‬ᇱ = ]െ3, 1[
14.
14.1. ‫] = ܦ‬െλ, 5]
14.2. 6H‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ1]HQWmR:
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (݂ െ ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ4
&RPRെ4 ‫] א‬െλ, െ1]HQWmRെpXP]HURGDIXQomR݄.
6H‫] א ݔ‬െ1, 3]HQWmR:
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (݂ × ݃)(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = 0
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 = 0
ଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬െ ‫= ݔש‬3
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
&RPRെ ‫] א‬െ1, 3]H3 ‫] א‬െ1, 3]HQWmRെ HVmR]HURVGDIXQomR݄6H‫] א ݔ‬3, 5[HQWmR:
ଶ ଶ
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ (݂ ‫ = )ݔ()݃ ל‬0 ֞ ݂൫݃(‫)ݔ‬൯ = 0 ֞ ݂(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) = 0 ֞ 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 1 = 0
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 = 0
ହ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ହ ହ ଵ
&RPR ‫] ב‬3, 5[HQWmR QmRp]HURGDIXQomR݄. $VVLPRV]HURVGH݄ VmR െ4, െ H
ଶ ଶ ଶ
(݂ െ ݃)(‫ )ݔ‬se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1
14.3. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬ቐ(݂ × ݃)(‫ )ݔ‬se െ 1 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3
(݂ ‫ )ݔ()݃ ל‬se 3 < ‫ < ݔ‬5
(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) െ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3) se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1
= ቐ(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) se െ 1 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3
2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 1 se 3 < ‫ < ݔ‬5
‫ ݔ‬+ 4 se ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ1
= ൝ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬െ 3 se െ 1 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3
2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 se 3 < ‫ < ݔ‬5
14.4. ‫ܦ‬Ԣ = ]െλ, 5]
15.
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
15.1. ݂(‫ |ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 2 = ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ < ݔ‬0
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ൒ 0 ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ2
15.2. ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬+ 2| = ቄ =ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 se ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 < 0 െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 se ‫ < ݔ‬െ2
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se x ൒ 0
15.3. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬2|‫ |ݔ‬െ 1 = ቄ
െ2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬0
ଵ
2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ൒ 0 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൒
ଶ
15.4. ݂(‫| = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 1| = ቄ =൝ ଵ
െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 0 െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫< ݔ‬
ଶ
16.
16.1. |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| = 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 5 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 2 = െ5 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ7
&6 {െ7, 3}
16.2. |2‫ ݔ‬+ 1| = െ3 (TXDomRLPSRVVtYHO.
&6 ‫׎‬
16.3. |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4| = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
&6 {2}

16.4. |‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = |ݔ‬1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0
ିଶ±ξସାସ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ( ש‬+ 1)ଶ = 0
ଶ
ିଶ±ଶξଶ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫ݔש‬+1 =0
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 െ ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 + ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1

&6 ൛െ1 െ ξ2, െ1, െ1 + ξ2ൟ
16.5. |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 2 = െ2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 ֞ െ‫ = ݔ‬െ7 ‫ ש‬3‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬7 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
&6 {1, 7}
16.6. ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 5 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 25 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬28
Verificação: ξ28 െ 3 = 5 ֞ ξ25 = 5 ֞ 5 = 5ORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR &6 {28}
16.7. ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ = ݔ‬0
֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 1) = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
Verificação:
ξ0 + 1 = 0 + 1 ֞ ξ1 = 1 ֞ 1 = 1ORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ξെ1 + 1 = െ1 + 1 ֞ ξ0 = 0 ֞ 0 = 0ORJR pVROXomRGDHTXDomR&6 {0, െ1}
16.8. ξ2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 2‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֜ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = (2‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0
ଷ±ξଽାଵ଺
֞‫=ݔ‬
ସ
ଷ±ହ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ସ
ଵ
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬െ
ଶ
Verificação:
ξ2 × 2 + 5 = 2 × 2 െ 1 ֞ ξ9 = 3 ֞ 3 = 3ORJRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ට2 × ቀെ ቁ + 5 = 2 × ቀെ ቁ െ1 ֞ ξ4 = െ2 ֞ 2 = െ2ORJRെ QmRpVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ଶ ଶ ଶ
&6 {2}
16.9. ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 െ ξ‫ = ݔ‬2 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2
ଶ
֜ ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 2൯
֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ 4 ξ‫ = ݔ‬2
ଵ ଵ
֞ ξ‫= ݔ‬ ֜‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ସ
Verificação:
ଵ ଵ ଶହ ଵ ହ ଵ ଵ
ට +6 െට =2 ֞ ට െ =2֞ െ = 2 ֞ 2 = 2ORJR pVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ସ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ
ଵ
&6 ቄ ቅ
ସ
య
16.10. ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 5ଷ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬128
&6 {128}

17.
17.1.(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1
&6 Թ ‫{ ך‬1}
17.2. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
5 ± ξ25 െ 24
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬3
&6 ]െλ, 2[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[

17.3. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
&6 ]െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬2, +λ[

17.4. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 > 0 &RQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԹ.
&6 Թ
17.5. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ = ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬+ 2) = 0
֞‫= ݔ‬0‫ݔש‬+2=0
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
&6 [െ2, 0]
17.6. െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ3 ± ξ9 െ 8
െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
െ2
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬1
&6 [1, 2]
17.7. െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
&6 {2}

17.8. |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| > 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 1 < 0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬െ1 ‫ < ݔ ש‬െ1
&6 Թ ‫{ ך‬െ1}
17.9. |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| െ 2 > 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| > 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 1 < െ2 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬1 ‫ < ݔ ש‬െ3
&6 ]െλ, െ3[ ‫] ׫‬1, +λ[
17.10. |3‫ ݔ‬+ 2| + 1 > 0 ֞ |3‫ ݔ‬+ 2| > െ1 &RQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHPԹ.
&6 Թ
17.11. |‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ < |ݔ‬3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ < ݔ‬3 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + 4‫ > ݔ‬െ3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 3 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 > 0
െ4 ± ξ16 + 12
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
െ4 ± 2ξ7
֞‫=ݔ‬
2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 + ξ7 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2 െ ξ7
െ4 ± ξ16 െ 12
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
െ4 ± 2
֞‫=ݔ‬
2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
&6 ൧െ2 െ ξ7, െ2 + ξ7ൣ ‫]( ת‬െλ, െ3[ ‫] ׫‬െ1, +λ[) = ൧െ2 െ ξ7, െ3ൣ ‫ ׫‬൧െ1, െ2 + ξ7ൣ
17.12. |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ |ݔ‬+ 2 < െ5 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ < |ݔ‬െ7 &RQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO HPԹ.

&6 ‫׎‬
17.13. |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| > |2‫ ݔ‬+ 3| ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ > ඥ(2‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ > (2‫ ݔ‬+ 3)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 12‫ ݔ‬+ 8 ֞ െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬െ 8 > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = 0 ֞ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 10‫ ݔ‬+ 8 = 0
െ10 ± ξ100 െ 96
֞‫=ݔ‬
6
ସ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ
ଷ
ସ
&6 ቃെ2, െ ቂ
ଷ
17.14. |‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൑ |3‫ ݔ‬+ 1| ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ ඥ(3‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ (3‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ൑ 9‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ െ8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
10 ± ξ100 + 96
െ8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
െ16
ଷ ଵ
֞‫= ݔ‬െ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ସ
ଷ ଵ
&6 ቃെλ, െ ቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ସ
18.
18.1. ‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0} = [2, +λ[ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ = [3, +λ[
‫ܦ‬௚ = Թ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ = Թ

18.2. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + 3 = 0 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = െ3
ଷ
֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = െ CRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹ.
ଶ
/RJR݂ QmRWHP]HURV
య య ଵ ଵ ଻ ଻
݃(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ 2 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 1 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ֞‫ݔ‬+1= ֞‫=ݔ‬െ /RJRെ p]HURGH݃.
ଶ ଼ ଼ ଼
18.3. a) ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬3 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + 3 = 3 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
Verificação: 2ξ2 െ 2 + 3 = 3 ֞ 2ξ0 + 3 = 3 ֞ 0 + 3 = 3 ֞ 3 = 3 ORJR p VROXomR GD
HTXDomR
&6 {2}
b) ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + 3 = ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ֞ 2ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ֜ 4(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ
଼±ξ଺ସିସ଼
֞ 4‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 12 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
଼±ସ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬6
ଶ
Verificação: 2ξ2 െ 2 + 3 = 2 + 1 ֞ 2ξ0 + 3 = 3 ֞ 0 + 3 = 3 ֞ 3 = 3ORJRpVROXomRGD
HTXDomR
2ξ6 െ 2 + 3 = 6 + 1 ֞ 2ξ4 + 3 = 7 ֞ 2 × 2 + 3 = 7 ֞ 4 + 3 = 7 ֞ 7 = 7ORJRpVROXomR
GDHTXDomR
&6 {2,6}
య య య
c) ݃(‫ = )ݔ‬1 ֞ 2 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 1 = 1 ֞ 2 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 2 ֞ ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬0
&6 {0}
య య
d) ݃(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ 2 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 ֞ 2 ξ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ֞ ݔ‬8(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ
֞ 8‫ ݔ‬+ 8 = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 8‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = 0
6DEH-VHTXH݃(െ2) = െ3 ֞ ݃(െ2) = െ2 െ 1RXVHMDെpVROXomRGDHTXDomR $VVLP
1 െ െ
െ െ
1 െ െ
/RJR
ଶ±ξସାଵ଺
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 8‫ ݔ‬െ 8 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ
ଶ±ଶξହ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫= ݔ ש‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 െ ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1 + ξ5
ଶ
&6 ൛1 െ ξ5, 1 + ξ5, െ2ൟ
19.
19.1. ݂(െ1) = (െ1)ଷ െ 4 × (െ1)ଶ + (െ1) + 6 = െ1 െ 4 െ 1 + 6 = 0
19.2. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0
Cálculo auxiliar
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 1 െ 1
ହ±ξଶହିଶସ െ1 െ1 െ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫= ݔ ש‬ 1 െ
ଶ
ହ±ଵ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫= ݔ ש‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3
&6 {െ1, 2, 3}

19.3. a) ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൑ 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6) ൑ 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ1 +λ
‫ݔ‬+1 െ + + + + +
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 + + + െ +
݂(‫)ݔ‬ െ + െ +
&6 ]െλ, െ1] ‫[ ׫‬2, 3]

b) ݂(‫ ݔ()ݔ‬ଶ + 1) > 0 ֞ ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬0XPDYH]TXH‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ.
5HFRUUHQGRjWDEHODGDDOtQHDDQWHULRUREWpP-VH
&6 ]െ1, 2[ ‫] ׫‬3, +λ[
c) ݂(‫ ݔ()ݔ‬െ 3) ൑ 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ1 +λ
݂(‫)ݔ‬ െ + െ +
‫ݔ‬െ3 െ െ െ െ +
݂(‫ ݔ()ݔ‬െ 3) + െ + +
&6 [െ1, 2] ‫{ ׫‬3}
d) ݂(‫ > )ݔ‬6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 > 6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ > ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) > 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ସ±ξଵ଺ିସ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
ିସ±ଶξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 + ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬2 െ ξ3
‫ݔ‬ െλ 2 െ ξ3 2 + ξ3 +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ + + + + +
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + + + െ +
‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 1) െ + െ +
&6 ൧0, 2 െ ξ3ൣ ‫ ׫‬൧2 + ξ3, +λൣ
Tema V – Estatística
Páginas 28 a 32
1.
30 15
1.4. ܽ௜ = ݅ ଶ 2
1.1. ܽ௜ = ݅ ¦i ¦i
i 1
i 1
15 9
1.5. ܽ௜ = 4݅ െ 1
1.2. ܽ௜ = 2݅ ¦ 2i ¦ (4i 1)
i 1
i 1
10
20 1.6. ܽ௜ = 4݅ + 2
1.3. ܽ௜ = 5݅
¦ 5i ¦ (4i 2)
i 1
i 1
2.

2.1. ¦a i
2.3. ¦ ai u bi 2.5. ¦ ai xi
i 1 i 1 i 1

2.2. ¦ i× ai 2.4. ¦ ai - bi
i 1 i

3.
7
3.1. ¦ (i
i

3.2. ¦ i u u u u u 1
i 1

3.3. ¦ ( i
i 1

3.4. ¦
i 1
i

3.5. ¦i
i

4.

i -1 1
4.1. ¦x x x x x x x 1 x x x x
i x

4.2. ¦ ix
i 1
i
x x x x x x
7
7i
4.3. ¦ (i 1x
i 1
x x x x x x x x x x x

4.4. ¦a x
i 1
i
i
ax a x a x a x
n
4.5. ¦x n i
x n x n x n } x x 1
i 1
n
5. ¦x i 3
i 1
n n
5.1. ¦ 2x
i 1
i 2 ¦x
i 1
i u
n n
5.2. ¦ x
i 1
i ¦ xi
i 1

n n n
5.3.
¦ ( xi 1)
i 1
¦ xi
i 1
¦ i 1
n
n n n
5.4.
¦ (2 x i 3) 2 ¦x i 3 ¦ 1 2 u 3 3n 6 3n
i 1 i 1 i 1
n n
n
5.5. ¦ (5 xi 2) 5 ¦x i 1
i +2 ¦1 = 5 × 3 + 2݊ = 15 + 2݊
i 1
i 1
n n
6. ¦x i 10 ¦y i 5
i 1 i 1
n n n
6.1. ¦ (xi 1
i yi ) = ¦ xi
i 1
+ ¦y
i 1
i = 10 + 5 = 15
n n n
6.2. ¦ (2 yi xi )
i 1
=2 ¦ yi
i 1
െ ¦x i 1
i = 2 × 5 െ 10 = 0
n n n
6.3. ¦ (5 x
i 1
i 2 yi ) = 5 ¦ xi + 2 ¦ yi = 5 × 10 + 2 × 5 = 60
i 1 i 1

n
7.
¦x
i 1
i a
n n
7.1. ¦ 3x = 3 ¦ xi i
3a
i 1 i 1
n n
7.2. ¦ (2 x ) = െ2 ¦ x
i 1
i
i 1
i 2a
n n n
7.3.
¦ ( xi 1) =
i 1
¦x
i 1
i
െ ¦1
i 1
an
n n n
7.4.
¦ (3x i 1) 3¦ xi ¦1 3a n
i 1 i 1 i 1
n n n
7.5. ¦ (2 x
i 1
i 3) 2 ¦ xi െ 3 ¦ 1 2a 3n
i 1 i 1
8.
100 100
– SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
8.1.
¦ (5i) = 5 ¦
i 1 i 1
i
100 100
¦ (5i) = (5 × 1) + (5 × 2) + (5 × 3) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 100) = 5 × (1 + 2 + 3 + ‫ ڮ‬+ 100) = 5 ¦ i

i 1 i 1
100 100
(5i ) – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
8.2.
¦ (5i) = ¦
i 1 i 0
100
¦ (5i) = (5 × 1) + (5 × 2) + (5 × 3) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 100)

i 1
= (5 × 0) + (5 × 1) + (5 × 2) + (5 × 3) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 100)
100
=
¦ (5i)
i 0
50 100
100
(5i ) + ¦ (5i ) – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
8.3.
¦ (5i) = ¦
i 1 i 1 i 50
100
¦ (5i) = (5 × 1) + (5 × 2) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 49) + (5 × 50) + (5 × 51) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 100)

i 1
50 100
¦ (5i) ¦ (5i) = [(5 × 1) + (5 × 2) + ‫ ڮ‬+ (5 × 49) + (5 × 50)] + +[(5 × 50) +

i 1 i 50
+ (5 × 51) + ‫ ڮ‬+
100 100
(5 × 100)] =
¦ (5i) + 5 × 50 ് ¦ (5i )
i 1 i 1
100 2
100 § ·
8.4. ¦i = ¨ 2
¦ i ¸ – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
i 1 ©i1 ¹
2
§ 100 · = (1 + 2 + 3 + ‫ ڮ‬+ 100)ଶ ് 1ଶ + 2ଶ + 3ଶ + ‫ ڮ‬+ 100ଶ = 100 2
¨¦i¸ ¦ i
©i1 ¹ i 1
100
100
8.5. ¦i – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
¦ (5 i) = 5 +
i 1 i 1
100 100 100 100
100
¦ (5 i) = 5 ¦1 +i 1
¦i
i 1
= 500 + ¦i ് 5 +
i 1
¦i i 1
i 1

100 100 100
8.6. – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
¦ (5 i) = ¦
i 1 i 1
5 + ¦i
i 1

¦ i }
i 1

} } ¦ ¦i
i 1 i 1
100 100
8.7. ¦ (5 i) = 105 + ¦ (5 i) – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
i 1 i 11
100 10 100 10 10 100
¦ (5 i) = ¦ (5 i ) + ¦ (5 i ) =5
¦1 + ¦ i + ¦ (5 i)
i 1 i 1 i 11 i 1 i 1 i 11
100
= 5 × 10 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 +
¦ (5 i)
i 11
100
= 105 +
¦ (5 i)
i 11
100 100
2
8.8. ¦ (5 i) 2 = 2500 + ¦i – SURSRVLomRIDOVD
i 1 i 1
100 100 100 100
2 100
¦ (5 i)
i 1
=
¦ (25 10i i 2
) = 25 ¦1 + 10 ¦ i + ¦ i 2
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
100 100 100 100 100

2
= 25 × 100 + 10 ¦i + ¦i
i 1 i 1
2 = 2500 + 10 ¦ i +
i 1
¦i
i 1
് 2500 + ¦i
i 1
2
9. ‫ݔ‬ଵ = 2; ‫ݔ‬ଶ = െ1; ‫ݔ‬ଷ = 4; ‫ݔ‬ସ = 3; ‫ݔ‬ହ = 1 H‫ݕ‬ଵ = 3; ‫ݕ‬ଶ = 2; ‫ݕ‬ଷ = 1; ‫ݕ‬ସ = 0; ‫ݕ‬ହ = െ3
5
9.1. ¦x
i 1
i
=2െ1+4+3+1=9
5
9.2. ¦y
i 1
i
=3+2+1+0െ3=3
5
9.3. ¦ ( x y ) = 2 × 3 + (െ1) × 2 + 4 × 1 + 3 × 0 + 1 × (െ3) = 5
i 1
i i
5 5 5
9.4. ¦ ( xi yi ) =
i 1
¦x
i 1
i
+ ¦y
i 1
i
= 9 + 3 = 12
5 5 5
9.5. ¦ ( xi 2 yi ) =
i 1
¦x i 1
i
+2
¦y
i 1
i
= 9 + 2 × 3 = 15

9.6. ¦ x i y i ¦ xi ¦ y i = 2 × 9 െ 3 × 3 = 9
i 1 i 1 i 1
10.

10.1.
¦ i
i
k ¦ i ¦ i ¦ i
i i i
k + ¦ i
i

¦ i
i 1
k
֞ (3 + 1) + (3 + 2) + (3 + 3) + (3 + 4) + (3 + 5) = 10݇
֞ 30 = 10݇
֞݇=3

100 90 90 100 90
10.2. ¦ (i 2) = ¦ (i 2) + 15݇ ֞ ¦ (i 2) + ¦ (i 2) = ¦ (i 2) + 15݇
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 91 i 1
100
֞
¦ (i 2) = 15݇
i 91
100 100
֞
¦ i + i¦91 2 = 15݇
i 91
֞ 91 + 92 + 93 + 94 + 95 + 96 + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100 + 2 × 10 = 15݇
֞ 975 = 15݇
֞ ݇ = 65
20 20 20 20 20 20
10.3. ¦ (2i 1)
i 1
5k ¦ (2i) ֞ ¦ (2i)
i 1 i 1
¦1 i 1
5k ¦ (2i ) ֞
i 1
¦1 = 5݇
i 1
֞ 20 = 5݇
֞݇=4
20 20 20 20 20 20
10.4. ¦ (i k )
i 1
40 ¦i ֞
i 1
¦i +
i 1
¦ k = 40 +
i 1
¦i ֞ ¦i
i 1 i 1
= 40
֞ 20݇ = 40
֞݇=2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
10.5. ¦ [(i 1)(i 1)]
i 1
k ¦i
i 1
2 ֞ ¦ i
i 1
2
1 k ¦1 ֞ ¦ i
i 1 i 1
2 െ ¦1 = ݇ + ¦ i
i 1 i 1
2
100
֞െ ¦1 = ݇
i 1
֞ ݇ = െ100
10 10 10 10
2 2
10.6. ¦ (i 1)
i 1
3k ¦i
i 1
2 ֞ ¦ (i
i 1
2i 1) 3k ¦i
i 1
2
10 10 10 10 10
2
֞ ¦i
i 1
+ ¦ (2i) + ¦1 = 3݇ + ¦ i
i 1 i 1 i 1
2 =2 ¦i
i 1
+ 10 = 3݇
֞ 2(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) + 10 = 3݇
฻ 2 × 55 + 10 = 3݇
֞ 120 = 3݇
֞ ݇ = 40
11.
ଶାଷାହାଷାଷାଶାସା଼ା଻ାଶାହାସା଻ା଺ାଷାଵା଻ାଽାଷାଶ ଼଺
11.1. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = ଶ଴
ଶ଴
20
ܵܵ௫ = 2 െ20 × 4,3ଶ = 472 െ 369,8 = 102,2
¦x
i 1
i
ଵ଴ଶ,ଶ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට ൎ 2,319
ଶ଴ିଵ

ଵ × ଵଶ ା ଶ × ଵହ ା ଷ × ଷଷ ା ସ × ଶଶ ା ହ × ଵ଼ ଷଵଽ
11.2. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 3,19
ଵଶ ା ଵହ ା ଷଷ ା ଶଶ ା ଵ଼ ଵ଴଴
5
¦ ~x x n
ܵܵ௫ = 2
i i
i 1
= (1 െ 3,19)ଶ × 12 + (2 െ 3,19)ଶ × 15 + (3 െ 3,19)ଶ × 33 + (4 െ 3,19)ଶ × 22 + (5 െ 3,19)ଶ × 18

= 153,3897
ଵହଷ,ଷ଼ଽ଻
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට ൎ 1,245
ଵ଴଴ିଵ
12. ‫ݔ‬ଵ = 2; ‫ݔ‬ଶ = 1; ‫ݔ‬ଷ = 4; ‫ݔ‬ସ = 3; ‫ݔ‬ହ = 1; ‫ = ଺ݔ‬3

6
12.1. ¦x
i 1
i = 2 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 1 + 3 = 14
5
2
12.2. ¦ x
i 1
i = 2ଶ + 1ଶ + 4ଶ + 3ଶ + 1ଶ + 3ଶ = 4 + 1 + 16 + 9 + 1 + 9 = 40
¦x
i 1
i
ଵସ ଻
12.3. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = ൎ 2,33
଺ ଺ ଷ
6 6 6
଻
12.4. ¦ ( xi x ) =
i 1
¦ xi
i 1
െ ¦ x = 14 െ 6 × ଷ = 0
i 1
6 6 6 6
2 ଻ ଻ ଶ ଶଶ
12.5. ¦ ( xi x ) 2 =
i 1
¦ xii 1
െ 2‫ݔ‬ҧ ¦ xi
i 1
+ ¦ x2
i 1
= 40 െ 2 × × 14 + 6 × ቀ
ଷ ଷ
ቁ =
ଷ
ൎ 7,33
6
2 ଻ ଶ ଶଶ
12.6. ¦ x
i 1
i െ6‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ = 40 െ 6 × ቀ ቁ
ଷ
=
ଷ
ൎ 7,33
¦ (x i x)2 మమ
i 1 య ଶଶ
12.7. = = ൎ 1,47
ହ ହ ଵହ
6
ඪ ¦ (x i x)2
i 1 ଶଶ
12.8. ‫ݏ‬௫ = =ට ൎ 1,21
ହ ଵହ
13.
ଵଵ ା ଽ ା ଵ଴ ା ଺ ା ଽ ା ଻ ା ସ ହ଺
13.1. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = =8
଻ ଻
7
2 ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
13.2. ܵܵ௫ = ¦x i 7 x = 11 + 9 + 10 + 6 + 9 + 7 + 4 െ 7 × 8 = 36
i 1
ௌௌೣ
13.3. ‫ݏ‬௫ = ට = ξ6 ൎ 2,45
଺
14.
14.1. 3UHoRPpGLRGHXPSDUGHPHLDV‫ݔ‬ҧ = 3
3UHoRPpGLRGHXPSDUGHPHLDVDSyVRGHVFRQWR‫ݕ‬ത = ‫ݔ‬ҧ െ 0,50 = 3 െ 0,50 = 2,50 €
14.2. 3UHoRPpGLRGHXPSDUGHPHLDV‫ݔ‬ҧ = 3
3UHoRPpGLRGHXPSDUGHPHLDVDSyVRGHVFRQWR‫ݕ‬ത = 0,8‫ݔ‬ҧ = 0,8 × 3 = 2,40 €

50
15. ¦ x
i 1
i 10 200
50 50 50
15.1. ¦ x
i 1
i 10 200 ֞ ¦ xi െ ¦ 10
i 1 i 1
200
50
֞ ¦x
i 1
i െ 50 × 10 = 20
50
֞ ¦x
i 1
i = 700
50
¦x i 1
i
଻଴଴
/RJR‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 14 €.
ହ଴ ହ଴
ହ଴ × ଵସ ା ଵ଴ × ଵଶ ଼ଶ଴
15.2. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = ൎ 13,67 €
ହ଴ ା ଵ଴ ଺଴
16.
16.1. ‫ݕ‬௜ = 2‫ݔ‬௜ + 1
ଵାଶାଷାସାହା଺ ଶଵ
16.2. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 3,5
଺ ଺

ܵܵ௫ = െ 6 × ‫ݔ‬ҧ ଶ = 1ଶ + 2ଶ + 3ଶ + 4ଶ + 5ଶ + 6ଶ െ 6 × 3,5ଶ = 91 െ 73,5 = 17,5
¦x i 1
i

ௌௌೣ ଵ଻,ହ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට =ට ൎ 1,87
ହ ହ
16.3. ‫ݕ‬ത = 2‫ݔ‬ҧ + 1 = 2 × 3,5 + 1 = 8

6 6
ܵܵ௬ = 2 െ 6 × ‫ݕ‬ത ଶ =
¦y
i 1
i ¦ (2 x
i 1
i 1) 2 6 u y 2
6
2
= ¦ (4 x i 4 xi 1) 6 u y 2
i 1
6
6
=4 ¦x + 6 െ 6 × 8ଶ = 4 × 9 + 4 × 21 + 6 െ 6 × 8ଶ = 70
¦ xi + 4
2
i
i 1 i 1
‫ݏ‬௬ = 2‫ݏ‬௫ ൎ 2 × 1,87 = 3,74
16.4. ‫ݖ‬௜ = ‫ݔ‬௜ + ‫ݕ‬௜
‫ݖ‬ҧ = ‫ݔ‬ҧ + ‫ݕ‬ത = 3,5 + 8 = 11,5
‫ݏ‬௭ = ‫ݏ‬௫ + ‫ݏ‬௬ ൎ 1,87 + 3,74 = 5,61
10
ௌௌೣ ௌௌೣ 2
17. ‫ݏ‬௫ = 1,6 ֞ ට
ଽ
= 1,6 ֞
ଽ
= 2,56 ֞ ܵܵ௫ = 23,04 ֞ ¦x
i 1
i െ 10‫ݔ‬ҧ = 23,04
֞ 89,6 െ 10‫ݔ‬ҧ = 23,04 ֞ 10‫ݔ‬ҧ = 66,56 ֞ ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 6,656
଼
18. 10 െ 3݇ = 2 ֞ ݇ =
ଷ
ଵ ଽ
‫<݌‬ ఴ మ
֞‫<݌‬ (ൎ 0,14)
ቀ ቁ ଺ସ
య
/RJRXPOLPLWHVXSHULRUSDUDDSHUFHQWDJHPGHGLDVHPTXHDWHPSHUDWXUDPtQLPDIRLLQIHULRUD
p

19. /DEUDGRU
ଷାହାସାହାହାସାସାସାସାହ
0pGLD = 4,3
ଵ଴
ଷమ ାହమ ାସమ ାହమ ାହమ ାସమ ାସమ ାସమ ାସమ ାହమ ିଵ଴×ସ,ଷమ
'HVYLR-SDGUmRට ൎ 0,67
ଽ
6HUUDGD(VWUHOD
ସାସାଷାହାହାହାହାହାସାସ
0pGLD = 4,4
ଵ଴
ସమ ାସమ ାଷమ ାହమ ାହమ ାହమ ାହమ ାହమ ାସమ ାସమ ିଵ଴×ସ,ସమ
ଽ
3DVWRU$OHPmR
ହାସାଷାହାସାହାଷାହାହାହ
0pGLD = 4,4
ଵ଴
ହమ ାସమ ାଷమ ାହమ ାସమ ାହమ ାଷమ ାହమ ାହమ ାହమ ିଵ଴×ସ,ସమ
ଽ
$VVLPR6HUUDGD(VWUHODYHQFHXRFRQFXUVR
20. $OXQR$
ଵ଺ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵ଺ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵ଼ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵ଺
0pGLD ൎ 16,7
଻
ଵ଺మ ାଵ଻మ ାଵ଺మ ାଵ଻మ ାଵ଼మ ାଵ଻మ ାଵ଺మ ି଻×ଵ଺,଻మ

଺
0HGLDQDܲହ଴
ହ଴ × ଻
= 3,5
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲହ଴ = ‫ݔ‬ଷାଵ = 17.
$OXQR%
ଵଽ ା ଵଷ ା ଵ଻ ା ଵଶ ା ଵଽ ା ଵଽ ା ଵ଼
0pGLD ൎ 16,7
଻
ଵଽమ ାଵଷమ ାଵ଻మ ାଵଶమ ାଵଽమ ାଵଽమ ାଵ଼మ ି଻×ଵ଺,଻మ

଺
0HGLDQDܲହ଴
ହ଴ × ଻
= 3,5
ଵ଴଴
/RJRܲହ଴ = ‫ݔ‬ଷାଵ = 18.
2VDOXQRV$H%WrPDPHVPDPpGLDGHFODVVLILFDo}HV$VFODVVLILFDo}HVGRDOXQR$WrPXPPHQRU
GHVYLR-SDGUmR GR TXH DV FODVVLILFDo}HV GR DOXQR % R TXH VLJQLILFD TXH DV VXDV QRWDV HVWmR PDLV
SUy[LPDV GD PpGLD 2 DOXQR % WHP XP YDORU GD PHGLDQD GDVFODVVLILFDo}HV PDLV DOWR R TXH TXHU
GL]HUTXHWHPPHOKRUHVQRWDVDGDVGLVFLSOLQDVGRTXHRDOXQR$
21.
଴ × ଼ଽ ା ଵ × ଺଻ ା ଶ × ଵଷ ା ଷ × ଻ ା ସ × ସ ଵଷ଴
21.1. a) ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 0,72
଼ଽ ା ଺଻ ା ଵଷ ା ଻ ା ସ ଵ଼଴

5
2
b) ܵܵ௫ = ¦x i 180 x 2 246 180 u 0, 722 ൎ 152,69
i 1
ௌௌೣ ଵହଶ,଺ଽ
c) ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ = ൎ ൎ 0,85
ଵ଻ଽ ଵ଻ଽ
d) ‫ݏ‬௫ = ඥ ‫ݏ‬௫ ଶ ൎ ඥ0,85 ൎ 0,92

ଵଷ ା ଻ ା ସ
21.2. ൎ 0,13RXVHMD
ଵ଼଴
22.
22.1. ‫ݔ‬ҧ =
ଵ×ଷଶାଶ×ସଷାଷ×ହଵାସ×ଷସାହ×ହ଻ା଺×଺ହା଻×଻ସା଼×଼ଽାଽ×ସହାଵ଴×ଷଵାଵଵ×ଷଷାଵଶ×ସଵାଵଷ×ଷଵାଵସ×ଵଶାଵହ×ହାଵ଺×ଶ
ଷଶ ା ସଷ ା ହଵ ା ଷସ ା ହ଻ ା ଺ହ ା ଻ସ ା ଼ଽ ା ସହ ା ଷଵ ା ଷଷ ା ସଵ ା ଷଵ ା ଵଶ ା ହ ା ଶ
ൎ 7,07
645
2
645 x 2
ඨ¦
x i
i 1
22.2. ‫ݏ‬௫ = ൎ 3,51
଺ସସ
ଵ଴ × ଺ସହ
22.3. = 64,5, ORJRܲଵ଴ = ‫଺ݔ‬ହ = 2
ଵ଴଴
ଶ଴ × ଺ସହ ௫భమవ ା ௫భయబ ସାସ
= 129, ORJRܲଶ଴ = = =4
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
ସ଴ × ଺ସହ ௫మఱఴ ା ௫మఱవ ଺ା଺
= 258ORJRܲସ଴ = = =6
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
଺଴ × ଺ସହ ௫యఴళ ା ௫యఴఴ ଼ା଼
= 387ORJRܲ଺଴ = = =8
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
଼଴ × ଺ସହ ௫ఱభల ା ௫ఱభళ ଵ଴ ା ଵ଴
= 516ORJR଼ܲ଴ = = = 10
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
23.
23.1.
Altura Número de árvores

>>
>>
>>
>>
>> 1
>>
23.2.

23.3. ‫ܣ‬௧୭୲ୟ୪ = 14 + 9 + 13 + 8 + 1 + 5 = 50
ଵ଴ × ହ଴
&RPR0 < < 14 HQWmRܲଵ଴ ‫[ א‬1; 1,4[.
ଵ଴଴
ଵ଴ × ହ଴ × ଴,ସ ଶ ଼
14(ܲଵ଴ െ 1) = ֞ ܲଵ଴ െ 1 = ֞ ܲଵ଴ =
ଵ଴଴ ଵସ ଻
LRJR ܲଵ଴ ൎ 1,14.
ଶ଴ × ହ଴
&RPR0 < < 14HQWmRܲଶ଴ ‫[ א‬1; 1,4[.
ଵ଴଴
ଶ଴ × ହ଴ × ଴,ସ ଶ ଽ
14(ܲଶ଴ െ 1) = ֞ ܲଶ଴ െ 1 = ֞ ܲଶ଴ =
ଵ଴଴ ଻ ଻
LRJR ܲଶ଴ ൎ 1,29.
ହ଴ × ହ଴
&RPR14 + 9 < < 14 + 9 + 13HQWmRܲହ଴ ‫[ א‬1,8; 2,2[.
ଵ଴଴
ହ଴×ହ଴×଴,ସ
14 × 0,4 + 9 × 0,4 + 13(ܲହ଴ െ 1,8) = ֞ 13(ܲହ଴ െ 1,8) = 10 െ 9,2
ଵ଴଴
ସ ଵଶଵ
֞ ܲହ଴ െ 1,8 = ֞ ܲହ଴ =
଺ହ ଺ହ
LRJR ܲହ଴ ൎ 1,86.
଻ହ × ହ଴
&RPR14 + 9 + 13 < < 14 + 9 + 13 + 8HQWmRܲ଻ହ ‫[ א‬2,2; 2,6[.
ଵ଴଴
଻ହ × ହ଴ × ଴,ସ
14 × 0,4 + 9 × 0,4 + 13 × 0,4 + 8(ܲ଻ହ െ 2,2) = ֞ 8(ܲ଻ହ െ 2,2) = 15 െ 14,4
ଵ଴଴
ଷ ଽଵ
֞ ܲ଻ହ െ 2,2 = ֞ ܲ଻ହ =
ସ଴ ସ଴
LRJR ܲ଻ହ ൎ 2,28.
23.4. 1,65 ‫[ א‬1,8; 2,2[
௞ × ହ଴ × ଴,ସ ௞
0,4 × 14 + 9(1,65 െ 1,8) = ֞ 7,85 = ֞ ݇ = 39,25
ଵ଴଴ ହ
/RJRSHUWHQFHDRSHUFHQWLOGHRUGHP
Testes de avaliação
Teste n.º 1
Páginas 35 a 37
Grupo I
1. ‫݌‬: SURSRVLomRIDOVD ‫ݍ‬: SURSRVLomRIDOVD
7UDGX]LQGRDDILUPDomRGDRSomR$SDUDOLQJXDJHPVLPEyOLFDREWpP-VHa ‫ݍ ݌‬TXHpXPDSURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD XPDYH]TXHpDGLVMXQomRHQWUHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDa‫݌‬HXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD‫ݍ‬
/RJRDRSomRFRUUHWDpDA. 5HODWLYDPHQWHjVUHVWDQWHVRSo}HVQDRSomR% REWpP-VH‫ݍ ݌‬TXHpXPD
SURSRVLomRIDOVDSRUVHWUDWDUGDFRQMXQomRGHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDVQDRSomR&REWpP-VHa ‫ݍ ݌‬
TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDXPDYH]TXHVHWUDWDGHXPDLPSOLFDomRHPTXHRDQWHFHGHQWHpYHUGDGHLUR
HRFRQVHTXHQWHpIDOVRQDRSomR' REWpP-VH‫ ݌‬a ‫ݍ‬TXHpXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDXPDYH]TXHp
XPDHTXLYDOrQFLDHQWUHXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
(Opção A)

2. ‫])ݍ ֜ ݌( ש )ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ׽[ ׽‬
֞ ~[‫)ݍ ֜ ݌( ׽ ר ])ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ׽‬
֞ (‫)ݍ ׽ ר ݌( ר )ݍ ׽ ר ݌‬
֞‫ݍ׽ר݌‬
$VVLPSDUDTXHDSURSRVLomRGDGDVHMDYHUGDGHLUD‫ ݌‬WHPGHVHUYHUGDGHLUDHa ‫ ݍ‬WDPEpP
WHPGHVHUYHUGDGHLUDRTXHVLJQLILFDTXH‫ ݍ‬WHPGHVHUIDOVD
(Opção C)
3. 7HP-VHTXH‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൒ 0 HSRUWDQWR‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 1 > 0. $VVLPDSURSRVLomR,pYHUGDGHLUD

HDSURSRVLomR,,,pIDOVD
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
/RJR VH ‫[ א ݔ‬െ1,1] ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 ൑ 0. 7HP-VH HQWmR TXH D SURSRVLomR ,, p IDOVD H D SURSRVLomR ,9 p
YHUGDGHLUD
(Opção B)
4. ‫{ = ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4} ‫{ = ܤ‬3, 4, 5, 6} ‫{ = ܥ‬2, 3, 6, 7}

‫{ = )ܥ ׫ ܤ( ׫ ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4} ‫{ ׫‬3, 4, 5, 6} ‫{ ׫‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
(‫{( = ܥ ׫ )ܤ ת ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4} ‫{ ׫‬3, 4, 5, 6}) ‫{ ׫‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {2, 3} ‫{ ׫‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {2, 3, 4, 6, 7}
(‫{( = ܥ ת )ܤ ׫ ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4} ‫{ ׫‬3, 4, 5, 6}) ‫{ ת‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ‫{ ת‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {2, 3, 6}
(‫{ = ܥ ת )ܤ ת ܣ‬1, 2, 3, 4} ‫{ ת‬3, 4, 5, 6} ‫{ ת‬2, 3, 6, 7} = {3}
(Opção C)
య భ య మ భ
ξ௔௕య ξ௔మ ௕ ௔మ௕మ௔య௕య భ మ భ
ା ି
య భ ఱ
5. ల = భ ఱ = ܽమ య ల ܾ మାయିల = ܽଵ ܾଵ = ܾܽ
ඥ௔௕ఱ
௔ల௕ల
(Opção D)
Grupo II
1. ‫݌‬³23HGURYLVLWRX3DULV´ ‫ݍ‬: ³23HGURYLVLWRX/RQGUHV´ ‫ݎ‬: ³23HGURYLVLWRX0DGULG´
1.1. ³23HGURQmRYLVLWRX3DULVQHP/RQGUHVQHP0DGULG´~‫ݎ~ ר ݍ~ ר ݌‬
1.2. ‫)ݎ ׽ ר ݍ( ฺ ݌‬: ³6HR3HGURYLVLWRX3DULVHQWmRYLVLWRX/RQGUHVHQmRYLVLWRX0DGULG´
1.3. 3DUDTXHDSURSRVLomR(‫ )ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬VHMDIDOVDHQWmRDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬WHPGHVHUIDOVDH
D SURSRVLomR ‫ ݎ ר ݌‬WDPEpP WHP GH VHU IDOVD 2UD SDUD TXH ‫ ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬VHMD IDOVD ‫ ݌‬WHP GH VHU
YHUGDGHLUD H ~‫ ݍ‬WHP GH VHU IDOVD 0DV VH ~‫ ݍ‬p IDOVD HQWmR ‫ ݍ‬p YHUGDGHLUD 6H ‫ ݌‬p YHUGDGHLUD
HQWmRSDUDTXH‫ ݎ ר ݌‬VHMDIDOVD‫ ݎ‬WHPGHVHUIDOVD
$VVLP‫ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD‫ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDH‫ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
/RJRR3HGURYLVLWRX3DULVH/RQGUHV
2.
࢖ ࢗ ~ࢗ ࢖ ֜ ~ࢗ ࢖֜ࢗ ࢖ ‫)ࢗ ֜ ࢖( ש‬ (࢖ ֜ ~ࢗ) ֜ [࢖ ‫])ࢗ ֜ ࢖( ש‬
V V F F V V V
V F V V F V V
F V F V V V V
F F V V V V V
/RJR(‫ ])ݍ ֜ ݌( ש ݌[ ֜ )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLD

3. ‫)ݔ(݌‬: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0
‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 < 0
‫)ݔ(ݎ‬:|‫ |ݔ‬൒ 0
3.1.
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
/RJR‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOPDVQmRXQLYHUVDO
Cálculo auxiliar
ଵ±ξଵିସ ଵ±ξିଷ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
$VVLP‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ.
/RJR‫ )ݔ(ݍ‬pXPDFRQGLomRLPSRVVtYHO
|‫ |ݔ‬൒ 0, ‫ א ݔ׊‬ԹORJR‫ )ݔ(ݎ‬pXPDFRQGLomRSRVVtYHOHXQLYHUVDO
3.2. 3RUH[HPSORHP@>DFRQGLomR‫ )ݔ(݌‬pLPSRVVtYHO
3.3.
3.3.1. $SURSRVLomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRUTXH‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1.
LRJR‫{ א ݔ׊‬െ1, 1}, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0.
3.3.2. $SURSRVLomRpYHUGDGHLUDSRUTXHVH‫ = ݔ‬1, HQWmR‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0.
LRJR ‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 1 = 0.
4. ‫ א ݔ{ = ܣ‬Թ: െ1 < ‫ ݔ‬൑ 4} = ]െ1, 4] Cálculo auxiliar

‫ א ݔ{ = ܤ‬Գ: 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 > 0} = {2, 3, 4, 5, … } 2‫ ݔ‬െ 2 > 0 ֞ 2‫ > ݔ‬2 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬1
ଵ
‫ = ܥ‬ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬൒ 1ቅ = [4, +λ[
ସ
4.1. ‫] = ܤ ת ܣ‬െ1, 4] ‫{ ת‬2, 3, 4, … } = {2, 3, 4}

4.2. ‫] = ܥ ׫ ܣ‬െ1, 4] ‫[ ׫‬4, +λ[ = ]െ1, +λ[
4.3. ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത = ]െ1, 4] ‫ ת‬തതതതതതതതതതതതതതതത
{2, 3, 4, 5, … } = ]െ1, 4] ‫{ ת‬1} = {1}
4.4. ‫{ = ܥ\ܤ‬2, 3, 4, 5, … } ‫[ ך‬4, +λ[ = {2, 3}
5. ³6H‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURSULPRHQWmR‫ ݌‬pLJXDODRX‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURtPSDU.”

6HMDPܾܽ Hܿ DVSURSRVLo}HV:
ܽ: “‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURSULPR.” ܾ: " ‫ ݌‬pLJXDOD.” ܿ: "‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURtPSDU.”
(QWmRDSURSRVLomRGDGDSRGHUHSUHVHQWDU-VHVLPEROLFDPHQWHSRU: ~൫ܽ ֜ (ܾ ‫)ܿ ש‬൯
5.1. $QHJDomRGDSURSRVLomRGDGDSRGHUHSUHVHQWDU-VHVLPEROLFDPHQWHSRU:
‫ ׽‬൫ܽ ֜ (ܾ ‫)ܿ ש‬൯ ֞ ܽ ‫ܿ ׽ ר ܾ ׽ ר ܽ ֞ )ܿ ש ܾ( ׽ ר‬
/RJRDQHJDomRGHVWDSURSRVLomRp³‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURSULPRH‫ ݌‬pGLIHUHQWHGHH‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHUR
SDU”.
5.2. $FRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDSURSRVLomRGDGDSRGHUHSUHVHQWDU-VHVLPEROLFDPHQWHSRU:
‫ܽ~ ֜ )ܿ ׽ ר ܾ~( ֞ ܽ~ ֜ )ܿ ש ܾ( ׽‬
/RJRDFRQWUDUUHFtSURFDGDSURSRVLomRGDGDp: ³6H‫ ݌‬pGLIHUHQWHGHH‫ ݌‬pXPQ~PHURSDUHQWmR
‫ ݌‬QmRpXPQ~PHURSULPR” .

6. ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ ξ2 = ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ ξ3 ֞ ξ2‫ ݔ‬െ ξ3‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 + ξ2 ֞ ൫ξ2 െ ξ3൯‫ = ݔ‬ξ3 + ξ2
ξଷାξଶ ξଷାξଶ ξଶାξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ×
ξଶିξଷ ξଶିξଷ ξଶାξଷ
ξ଺ାଷାଶାξ଺ ଶξ଺ାହ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶିଷ ିଵ
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ5 െ 2ξ6
&6 ൛െ5 െ 2ξ6ൟ
7. ෡ ‫ܤܣ = ܤ‬෠‫ = ܥ‬90° H‫ܣܦ‬መ‫ܣܥ = ܤ‬መ‫ܤ‬SRU

2VWULkQJXORV[‫ ]ܤܦܣ‬H[‫ ]ܥܤܣ‬VmRVHPHOKDQWHVSRUTXH‫ܦܣ‬
VHWUDWDUGH XPkQJXORFRPXPDRVGRLVWULkQJXORV
(QWmR
തതതത
஺஼ തതതത
஺஻ ହξଶାଶξଶ ௫
തതതത
= തതതത ֞ = ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 2ξ2 × 7ξ2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 28
஺஻ ஺஽ ௫ ଶξଶ
തതതത.
/RJR‫ = ݔ‬ξ28 = 2ξ7 = ‫ܤܣ‬
8VDQGRR7HRUHPDGH3LWiJRUDV
ଶ ଶ
തതതത ଶ = ‫ܥܤ‬
‫ܥܣ‬ തതതത ଶ + ‫ܤܣ‬
തതതതଶ ֞ ൫7ξ2൯ = ‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത ଶ + ൫2ξ7൯ ֞ തതതത തതതത ଶ = 70
‫ ܥܤ‬ଶ = 98 െ 28 ֞ ‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത = ξ70 cm H‫ܤܣ‬
$VVLP‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത = 2ξ7 cm.
Teste n.º 2
Páginas 40 a 42
Grupo I
1. ‫݌‬: SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
‫ݍ‬: SURSRVLomRIDOVD
‫ݎ‬: SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
1D RSomR $ ‫ ݎ ֜ ݍ‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR ‫ ) ݎ ֜ ݍ( ֜ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD
1DRSomR%‫ ݎ ר ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDH‫ ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDORJR(‫ݍ ֜ ) ݎ ר ݌‬
pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
1D RSomR & ~‫ ݌‬p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD H ~‫ ݍ‬p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD SHOR TXH
~‫ ݍ~ ש ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
1DRSomR'~‫ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDH‫ ݎ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD ORJR(~‫ ݎ ֜ )݌‬p
XPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
(Opção B)
2. $QHJDomRGDSURSRVLomR “R1XQRHVWXGD0DWHPiWLFDWRGRVRVGLDV´p³KiSHORPHQRV XP

GLDHPTXHR1XQRQmRHVWXGD0DWHPiWLFD´.
(Opção D)
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξଷ ξ଺ ξଷ ξଷ ξ଺ ξ଺ ଷ ξଵ଼ ଺ ଵ଻ ଷξଶ ଵ଻
3. ‫ = ܣ‬ቀ െ ቁ = ቀ ቁ െ2 × × + ቀ ቁ = െ + = െ = െξ2
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଷ ସ ଷ ଽ ଵଶ ଷ ଵଶ
ଶ ଶ
ξଷ ξ଺ ξଷ ξ଺ ξଷ ξ଺ ଷ ଺ ଵ
‫=ܤ‬ ቀ െ ቁቀ + ቁ=ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ = െ =
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ସ ଽ ଵଶ
(Opção A)

షభ
൫ଶ௔௕షయ ௖ మ ൯ ଶషభ ௔షభ ௕య ௖ షమ ଵ ଵ ௔௕௖
4. = = ܽିଵାଶ ܾ ଷିଶ ܿ ିଶାଷ = ܾܽܿ =
௔షమ ௕మ ௖ షయ ௔షమ ௕మ ௖ షయ ଶ ଶ ଶ
(Opção C)
5.
2‫ ݔ‬ଷ +ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ +ܾ‫ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ4‫ݔ‬ 2‫ ݔ‬+ ܽ െ 4
(ܽ െ 4)‫ ݔ‬ଶ +(ܾ െ 4)‫ݔ‬
െ(ܽ െ 4)‫ ݔ‬ଶ +(െ2ܽ + 8)‫ݔ‬ െ2ܽ + 8
(െ2ܽ + ܾ + 4)‫ݔ‬ െ2ܽ + 8
3DUDTXHRUHVWRGHVWDGLYLVmRVHMD‫ ݔ‬+ 2HQWmR
െ2ܽ + ܾ + 4 = 1 െ2ܽ + ܾ = െ3 െ6 + ܾ = െ3 ܾ=3
ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
െ2ܽ + 8 = 2 െ2ܽ = െ6 ܽ=3 ܽ=3
(Opção C)
Grupo II
1. ‫݌‬: “ξ2 pXPQ~PHURUDFLRQDO´
‫ݍ‬: “ߨ pXPQ~PHURLUUDFLRQDO´
‫ݎ‬³pXPQ~PHURUHDO´
1.1. $SURSRVLomR‫ ݌‬pIDOVDDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ‬pYHUGDGHLUDHDSURSRVLomR‫ ݎ‬pYHUGDGHLUD
(QWmRDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ ר ݌‬pIDOVDORJR ‫ )ݍ ר ݌( ׽‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
7HP-VHWDPEpPTXH‫ ݎ ש ݍ‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
/RJR ~(‫ ݎ ש ݍ ֞ )ݍ ר ݌‬p XPD HTXLYDOrQFLD HQWUH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV YHUGDGHLUDV SHOR TXH p XPD
1.2. ‫ݎ ר ݍ ר ݌ ׽֞ ݎ ׽׽ר )ݍ ר ݌ ׽(~~ ֞ ])ݎ ׽( ש )ݍ ר ݌ ׽( ׽[ ׽‬
(P OLQJXDJHP FRUUHQWH “ξ2 QmR p XP Q~PHUR UDFLRQDO H ߨ p XP Q~PHUR LUUDFLRQDO H p XP
Q~PHURUHDO´
2. ‫)ݔ(݌‬: ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 > 0 ‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: 1 െ 2‫ > ݔ‬0

ଵ ଵ
2.1. Em Թ: ‫ ݔ ֞ )ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬+ 2 > 0 ‫ ר‬1 െ 2‫ > ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬െ2 ‫< ݔ ר‬ ֞ ‫ א ݔ‬ቃെ2, ቂ
ଶ ଶ
$VVLP‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ )ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD

2.2. ~(‫ א ݔ׌‬Թ: ‫ א ݔ׊ ֞ ))ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬Թ, ~‫ א ݔ׊ ֞ )ݔ(ݍ ׽ש )ݔ(݌‬Թ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 ൑ 0 ‫ ש‬1 െ 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0
2.3. ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 > 0 ֞ ‫ > ݔ‬െ2SHORTXHܲ = ]െ2, +λ[.
ଵ ଵ
1 െ 2‫ > ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬SHORTXHܳ = ቃെλ, ቂ.
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
/RJRܲ ‫] = ܳ ך‬െ2, +λ[ ‫ ך‬ቃെλ, ቂ = ቂ , +λቂ
ଶ ଶ
ିଶ ିଵ ଴ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ
3. ൫ξ3൯ + ൫ξ3൯ + ൫ξ3൯ + ൫ξ3൯ + ൫ξ3൯ = + +1 + ξ3 + 3
ଷ ξଷ
ଵ ξଷ
= +4 + +ξ3
ଷ ଷ
ଵଷ ସ
= + ξ3
ଷ ଷ

4.
തതതത = raio = ‫ݎ‬
4.1. ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത = 3‫ݎ‬
‫ܥܣ‬
3HOR7HRUHPDGH3LWiJRUDV
‫ ܥܣ‬ଶ = തതതത
തതതത ‫ ܤܥ‬ଶ + തതതത
‫ܤܣ‬ଶ ֞ (3‫)ݎ‬ଶ = തതതത
‫ܤܥ‬ଶ + ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
തതതത ଶ = 9‫ ݎ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
֞ ‫ܤܥ‬
തതതത ଶ = 8‫ ݎ‬ଶ
֞ ‫ܤܥ‬
തതതത = ξ8‫ ݎ‬ଶ = 2ξ2‫ݎ‬.
/RJR‫ܤܥ‬
4.2. 6HMDPRFLOLQGURRFLOLQGURUHSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUDHR³FLOLQGUR´ RFLOLQGURUHIHULGRQRHQXQFLDGR
തതതതଶ + ܲୠୟୱୣ × altura
‫ܣ‬ୡ୧୪୧୬ୢ୰୭ ଵ = 2 × ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ + ‫ܣ‬୪ୟ୲ୣ୰ୟ୪ = 2 × ߨ × ‫ܤܣ‬
= 2 × (ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ ) + (2ߨ‫ × )ݎ‬൫2ξ2‫ݎ‬൯
= 2ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ + 4ξ2ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ

= ൫2 + 4ξ2൯ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
‫ܣ‬ୡ୧୪୧୬ୢ୰୭ ଶ = 2 × ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ + ‫ܣ‬୪ୟ୲ୣ୰ୟ୪ = 2 × (ߨ(2‫)ݎ‬ଶ ) + (2ߨ × 2‫ × )ݎ‬൫ξ2‫ݎ‬൯

= 8ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ + 4ξ2ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
= ൫8 + 4ξ2൯ߨ‫ ݎ‬ଶ
൫ଶାସξଶ൯గ௥ మ ଶାସξଶ ଼ିସξଶ
5D]mR = ×
൫଼ାସξଶ൯గ௥ మ ଼ାସξଶ ଼ିସξଶ
ଵ଺ି଼ξଶାଷଶξଶିଵ଺×ଶ
=
଺ସିଵ଺×ଶ
ିଵ଺ାଶସξଶ
=
ଷଶ
ିଶାଷξଶ
=
ସ
ଵ ଷ
= െ + ξ2
ଶ ସ
5. ‫ = )ݔ(ܣ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 8‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 13

‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܤ‬+ 1
‫ ݔ = )ݔ(ܥ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6
5.1. ‫ = )ݔ(ܤ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1

‫(ܣ‬െ1) = 2 × (െ1)ଷ െ 8 × (െ1)ଶ + 3 × (െ1) + 13 = െ2 െ 8 െ 3 + 13 = 0
/RJR‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬pGLYLVtYHOSRU‫)ݔ(ܤ‬.
5.2.
2‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ8‫ ݔ‬ଶ +3‫ݔ‬ +13 ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ 6
െ2‫ ݔ‬ଷ +2‫ ݔ‬ଶ +12‫ݔ‬ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 6
െ6‫ ݔ‬ଶ +15‫ݔ‬ +13
6‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ6‫ݔ‬ െ36
9‫ݔ‬ െ23
ܳ(‫ = )ݔ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ 6 Hܴ(‫ = )ݔ‬9‫ ݔ‬െ 23

6. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ହ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2
6.1. ܲ(1) = 1ହ െ 4 × 1ଷ + 2 × 1ଶ + 3 × 1 െ 2 = 1 െ 4 + 2 + 3 െ 2 = 0
1 െ െ
1 1 1 െ െ1
1 1 െ െ1
1 1 െ1 െ
1 െ1 െ
1 1
1
1 1
1
$VVLPpXP]HURGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬GHPXOWLSOLFLGDGH
6.2. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ହ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2)GH DFRUGRFRPDDOtQHD
ିଷ±ξଽି଼ ିଷ±ଵ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1
ଶ ଶ
/RJRܲ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଷ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1).
6.3. ܲ(‫ )ݔ‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 2 ֞ െ4‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬൒ 0
֞ ‫(ݔ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3) ൒ 0
െ2 ± ξ4 + 48 2 ± ξ52
െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
െ8 8
ଵ ξଵଷ ଵ ξଵଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ െ ‫= ݔש‬ +
ସ ସ ସ ସ
/RJR
1 ξ13 1 ξ13
‫(ݔ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3) ൒ 0 ֞ െ‫(ݔ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3) ൒ 0 ֞ െ‫ ݔ‬ቆ‫ ݔ‬െ + ቇ ቆ‫ ݔ‬െ െ ቇ൒0
4 4 4 4
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 ξ13 1 ξ13 +λ
െ +
4 4 4 4
െ‫ݔ‬ + + + െ െ െ
1 ξ13 െ + + + + +
‫ݔ‬െ +
4 4
1 ξ13 െ െ െ െ െ +
‫ݔ‬െ െ
4 4
‫(ݔ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3) + െ + െ
ଵ ξଵଷ ଵ ξଵଷ
&6 ቃെλ, െ ቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ0, + ቃ
ସ ସ ସ ସ
Teste n.º 3
Páginas 45 a 47
Grupo I
1. ܲ(‫ )ݔ(ܳ × )ݔ(ܦ = )ݔ‬+ ܴ(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 1) × (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4) + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
= ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 + 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9
= ‫ ݔ‬ସ + 2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5
(Opção A)

2. ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2
ܲ(2) = 0 ֞ 2ଷ + 2ଶ െ (݇ ଶ + 1) × 2 െ ݇ = 0 ֞ 8 + 4 െ 2݇ ଶ െ 2 െ ݇ = 0
֞ െ2݇ ଶ െ ݇ + 10 = 0
ଵ±ξଵା଼଴
֞݇=
ିସ
ଵ±ଽ ହ
֞݇= ֞݇ =2‫= ݇ש‬െ
ିସ ଶ
(Opção D)
3. ܽଶ = 27ORJRܽ = ξ27 = 3ξ3SHORTXH2ܽ = 6ξ3.

ܾ ଶ = 8ORJRܾ = ξ8 = 2ξ2SHORTXH2ܾ = 4ξ2.
$VVLPVHQGR݀ DPHGLGDGDGLDJRQDOGRUHWkQJXORTXHFLUFXQVFUHYHDHOLSVH
ଶ ଶ
݀ ଶ = ൫6ξ3൯ + ൫4ξ2൯ ֞ ݀ ଶ = 36 × 3 + 16 × 2 ֞ ݀ ଶ = 140
/RJR݀ = ξ140 = 2ξ35.

(Opção B)
4. $VRSo}HV$H'VmRH[FOXtGDVSRUTXHQmRVHYHULILFDSRUH[HPSORDFRQGLomR1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2.
$RSomR&pH[FOXtGDSRUTXHQmRVHQmRVHYHULILFDSRUH[HPSORDFRQGLomR‫ ݕ‬൑ ‫ݔ‬.
(Opção B)
ଵ
5. 8PYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬pെSHORTXHRGHFOLYHGHVWDUHWDp = െ1.
ିଵ
ଶି(௔ିଷ) ଶି௔ାଷ ௔ିହ
2GHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ܤܣ‬p = = .
ିଵିଶ ିଷ ଷ
3DUDTXHDVUHWDV‫ ݎ‬H‫ ܤܣ‬VHMDPSDUDOHODVRVVHXVGHFOLYHVWrPGHVHULJXDLV
௔ିହ
= െ1 ֞ ܽ െ 5 = െ3 ֞ ܽ = 2
ଷ
(Opção D)
Grupo II
1. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ݇‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ ݇
1.1. ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
ܲ(െ2) = 0 ֞ (െ2)ସ + (െ2)ଷ െ ݇ × (െ2)ଶ െ 2 × (െ2) + ݇ = 0
֞ 16 െ 8 െ 4݇ + 4 + ݇ = 0 ֞ 12 െ 3݇ = 0 ֞ ݇ = 4
1.2. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1
ସ
‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2
1 1 െ1 െ 1
െ െ െ
1 െ1 1 െ
ܳ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬െ 4
ଷ
ܴ=9
ସ ଷ
1.3. ܲ(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2‫ݔ‬
ܲ(‫ < )ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 2‫ < ݔ‬0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2) < 0
1 1 െ
1 1
1
/RJR‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2) < 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2) < 0.

Cálculo auxiliar
െ2 ± ξ4 െ 8
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
2
/RJR
‫ݔ‬ െλ 1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ + + +
‫ݔ‬െ1 െ െ െ +
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + + + + +
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 2) + െ +
&6 ]0, 1[
2.
2.1. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 9 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 9 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4
2FHQWURGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDWHPFRRUGHQDGDVHRUDLR p ξ4
2.2. ‫(ܤ‬1 ,0) ‫(ܦ‬5, 4)
ସି଴
2GHFOLYHGDUHWD‫ ܦܤ‬p = 1. $VVLPDUHWD‫ ܦܤ‬pGDIRUPD‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ ܾ.
ହିଵ
&RPR‫ ܤ‬SHUWHQFHjUHWD ‫ܦܤ‬WHP-VH0 = 1 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = െ1. /RJR‫ܦܤ‬: ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ 1.
2.3. (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = 4 pXPDHTXDomRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLD
,QWHUVHWDQGRDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDFRPDUHWD‫ܦܤ‬FXMDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDp‫ ݔ = ݕ‬െ 1WHP-VH
(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 1 െ 2)ଶ = 4 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ = 4
֞ 2(‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ = 4 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ = 2
֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = ξ2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 = െξ2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬3 + ξ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬3 െ ξ2
6H‫ = ݔ‬3 + ξ2HQWmR‫ = ݕ‬3 + ξ2 െ 1 = 2 + ξ22EWrP-VHDVFRRUGHQDGDVGRSRQWR‫ܨ‬.
6H ‫ = ݔ‬3 െ ξ2 HQWmR ‫ = ݕ‬3 െ ξ2 െ 1 = 2 െ ξ2 $V FRRUGHQDGDV GR VHJXQGR SRQWR GH LQWHUVHomR
GDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDFRPDUHWD‫ ܦܤ‬VmR൫3 െ ξ2, 2 െ ξ2൯.
2.4. $iUHDGRFtUFXORpߨ × 2ଶ = 4ߨ$iUHDGRTXDGUDGR>‫@ܧܦܥܤ‬p4 × 4 = 16.
(QWmR DGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDPEDVDViUHDVp16 െ 4ߨ. /RJRDiUHDVRPEUHDGDp:
ଵ଺ିସగ ସగ
+ = 4 െ ߨ + 2ߨ = 4 + ߨ XD
ସ ଶ
2.5. ((‫ ݔ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൑ 4 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ‫ ݔ(( ש‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ ൒ 4 ‫ ר‬1 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ ר‬2 ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 4)
3.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬2, െ1) െ (െ1,2) = (3, െ3)
3.1. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬԦ(2, െ2)
‫ݑ‬
ଷ ିଷ
8PDYH]TXH = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ H‫ݑ‬
HQWmRRVYHWRUHV‫ܤܣ‬ ሬԦ VmRFROLQHDUHV
ଶ ିଶ
3.2. (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݕ‬+ 4 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݕ‬+ 1
֞ െ6‫ = ݕ‬െ6‫ݔ‬
֞‫ݔ=ݕ‬

&RPRRGHFOLYHGDPHGLDWUL]GH‫ ܤܣ‬pHQWmRXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUpSRUH[HPSOR 8PDYH]
TXHDPHGLDWUL]GH‫ ܤܣ‬pDELVVHWUL]GRVTXDGUDQWHVtPSDUHVHQWmRFRQWpPDRULJHPGRUHIHUHQFLDO
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDPHGLDWUL]GH‫ ܤܣ‬p(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬0, 0) + ݇(1, 1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ +
3.3. ܱ‫ܤ‬ ‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ = (2, െ1) െ (0, 0) + (2, െ2) = (2, െ1) + (1 െ 1) = (3, െ2)
ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ଵ ‫ݑ‬
ቛܱ‫ܤ‬ ሬԦቛ = ԡ(3, െ2)ԡ = ඥ3ଶ + (െ2)ଶ = ξ9 + 4 = ξ13
ଶ
ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ݑ‬
2OXJDUJHRPpWULFRGRVSRQWRVFXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWR‫ ܣ‬pLQIHULRUD ቛܱ‫ܤ‬ ሬԦቛ pHQWmRGHILQLGR
ଶ
ଶ ଶ
SRU(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) + (‫ ݕ‬െ 2) < 13.
തതതത = ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
3.4. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ԡ(3, െ3)ԡ = ඥ3ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 = ξ18 = 3ξ2
തതതത = ‫ܥܤ‬
C(‫ݔ‬, ‫)ݕ‬. &RPR ‫ܥܣ‬ തതതത HQWmR ‫ ܥ‬p XP SRQWR GD PHGLDWUL] GH ‫ ܤܣ‬FXMD HTXDomR UHGX]LGD p ‫ݔ = ݕ‬.
$VVLP‫ݔ(ܥ‬, ‫)ݕ‬. 3RURXWURODGR
തതതത = 3ξ2 ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = ξ18 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ = 18
‫ܥܣ‬
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 = 18
֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬െ 13 = 0
ଶ±ξସାଵ଴ସ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ସ
ଶ±଺ξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ସ
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ + ξ3 ‫= ݔ ש‬ െ ξ3
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଷξଷ ଵ ଷξଷ ଵ ଷξଷ ଵ ଷξଷ
/RJR ‫ܥ‬ ቀଶ + ,ଶ + ቁ RX‫ ܥ‬ቀଶ െ ,ଶ െ ቁ.
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
4.
4.1.
4.1.1. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܱܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦSRUH[HPSORMiTXH
‫ܦܱ = ܱܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܱܨ‬െ ܱ‫ܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܱܨ‬+ ‫ܱܦ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܦܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܱܧ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܱܦ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦORJR‫ܱܨ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܱ‫ܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ PDVܱ‫ܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܱܤ‬
4.1.2. ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ

ܱ‫ ܥ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܣ = ܧܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܤ = ܥܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܥ = ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܥܣ‬
4.2. ‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܧܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ‫ܨܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ൫‫ܱܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ + ൫‫ܱܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܥ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ + ൫‫ܱܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ൯ + ൫‫ܱܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ + ൫‫ܱܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܧ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܱ‫ ܨ‬൯
= 5‫ܱܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܱ‫ܧ‬

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ൫ܱ‫ܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൯ + ൫ܱ‫ܥ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܱ‫ ܨ‬൯ + ܱ‫ܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬԦ
= 5‫ܱܣ‬ 0 + ሬԦ
0 + ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܱܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
= 6‫ܱܣ‬
Teste n.º 4
Páginas 50 a 52
Grupo I
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܯ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬െ2, 3) െ (1, 2) = (െ3, 1)
1. ‫ܯܣ‬
‫ ܯ = ܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫( = ܯܣ‬െ2, 3) + (െ3, 1) = (െ5, 4)
(Opção C)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܤ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬െ2, 1) െ (1, 2) = (െ3, െ1)

2. ‫ܤܣ‬
തതതത = ฮ‫ܤܣ‬
‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ԡ(െ3, െ1)ԡ = ඥ(െ3)ଶ + (െ1)ଶ = ξ9 + 1 = ξ10

ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥ = ܥܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬െ1, െ2) െ (1, 2) = (െ2, െ4)
തതതത = ฮ‫ܥܣ‬
‫ܥܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(െ2, െ4)ԡ = ඥ(െ2)ଶ + (െ4)ଶ = ξ4 + 16 = ξ20
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬െ1, െ2) െ (െ2, 1) = (1, െ3)

‫ܥܤ‬
തതതത ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(1, െ3)ԡ = ඥ1ଶ + (െ3)ଶ = ξ1 + 9 = ξ10
‫ = ܥܤ‬ฮ‫ܥܤ‬
&RPR‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ് ‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത = ‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത HQWmRRWULkQJXOR>‫@ܥܤܣ‬pLVyVFHOHV
ଶ
തതതത ଶ = ξ20 = 20
‫ܥܣ‬
ଶ ଶ
‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ଶ = ξ10 + ξ10 = 10 + 10 = 20 = ‫ܥܣ‬
തതതത ଶ + ‫ܥܤ‬ തതതത ଶ
/RJRSHOR7HRUHPDGH3LWiJRUDVRWULkQJXOR>‫@ܥܤܣ‬pUHWkQJXOR
(Opção B)
തതതത = ܱ‫ܤ‬
3. 6HMDܱ‫ܣ‬ തതതത = ܱ‫ܥ‬
തതതത = ‫ݔ‬. 3HOR7HRUHPDGH3LWiJRUDV
ଶ
തതതത
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + തതതത
ܱ‫ ܤ‬ଶ = തതതത
‫ܤܣ‬ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = ൫2ξ6൯ ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4 × 6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 12
/RJR‫ = ݔ‬ξ12 = 2ξ3. $VVLP

ଵ ଵ തതതത×ை஻
ை஺ തതതത ଵ ଶξଷ×ଶξଷ ଵ ସ×ଷ
ܸ= × ‫ܣ‬ୠୟୱୣ × altura = × തതതത =
× ܱ‫ܥ‬ × × 2ξ3 = × × 2ξ3 = 2 × 2ξ3 = 4ξ3
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ
(Opção B)
4. 6HDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDpWDQJHQWHDRSODQRGHHTXDomR‫ = ݕ‬3HQWmRRVHXUDLRpെ1 + 3 = 2.
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDVXSHUItFLHHVIpULFDQDVFRQGLo}HVGRHQXQFLDGRp:
(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬+ 1)ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ = 4
(Opção A)
5. 8PD HTXDomR TXH GHILQH R SODQR ‫ ܧܥܤ‬p ‫ = ݕ‬3 XPD YH] TXH VH WUDWD GH XP SODQR SDUDOHOR DR
SODQR ‫ ݖܱݔ‬HTXHDDUHVWDGRFXERWHPFRPSULPHQWR
$VVLPDLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬FRPRSODQR‫ ܧܥܤ‬p
(‫ݔ‬, 3, ‫( = )ݖ‬3, 0, 3) + ݇(0, 1, 0) ֞ (‫ݔ‬, 3, ‫( = )ݖ‬3, 0, 3) + (0, ݇, 0)
֞ (‫ݔ‬, 3, ‫( = )ݖ‬3, ݇, 3)
‫=ݔ‬3
֞ ൝݇ = 3
‫=ݖ‬3
/RJRDLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬FRPRSODQR‫ ܧܥܤ‬pRSRQWRGHFRRUGHQDGDV(3, 3, 3)RXVHMDRSRQWR‫ܧ‬.
(Opção C)
Grupo II
1.
‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬3, 0) െ (െ3, 0) = (6, 0)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܦ‬6, 8) െ (0, 8) = (6, 0)
‫ܥܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܦ‬
/RJR‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ .
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܥ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬6, 8) െ (3, 0) = (3, 8)
‫ܥܤ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܦ = ܦܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬0, 8) െ (െ3, 0) = (3, 8)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܥܤ‬
/RJR‫ܦܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ . 7HP-VHHQWmRTXH>‫@ܦܥܤܣ‬pXPSDUDOHORJUDPR

1.2. ‫(ܣ‬െ3, 0) H‫(ܤ‬3, 0)
$VVLPRVHJPHQWRGHUHWD>‫@ܤܣ‬SRGHVHUGHILQLGRSRUെ3 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 3 ‫ = ݕ ר‬0.
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ ܦ‬െ ‫( = ܤ‬0, 8) െ (3, 0) = (െ3, 8)
1.3. ‫ܦܤ‬
ሬԦ pFROLQHDUFRP‫ܦܤ‬
&RPR‫ݑ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦHQWmR‫ݑ‬
ሬԦ(െ3݇, 8݇)SDUD DOJXPQ~PHURUHDO݇.
ሬԦ ԡ = 1 ֞ ԡ(െ3݇, 8݇)ԡ = 1 ֞ ඥ(െ3݇)ଶ + (8݇)ଶ = 1 ֞ (െ3݇)ଶ + (8݇)ଶ = 1
ԡ‫ݑ‬
֞ 9݇ ଶ + 64݇ ଶ = 1
֞ 73݇ ଶ = 1
ଵ
֞ ݇ଶ =
଻ଷ
ଵ ଵ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
ξ଻ଷ ξ଻ଷ
ξ଻ଷ ξ଻ଷ
֞݇= ‫= ݇ש‬െ
଻ଷ ଻ଷ
ξ଻ଷ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦHQWmR݇ = െ
ሬԦ pFRQWUiULRDRGH‫ܦܤ‬
&RPRRVHQWLGRGH‫ݑ‬ .
଻ଷ
ଷξ଻ଷ ଼ξ଻ଷ
ሬԦ.
/RJR‫ݑ‬ ቀ ,െ ቁ
଻ଷ ଻ଷ
‫ ܥ = ܥܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬6, 8) െ (െ3, 0) = (9, 8)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(9,8) ԡ = ξ9ଶ + 8ଶ = ξ81 + 64 = ξ145 = ܽORJRܽଶ = 145.
ฮ‫ܥܣ‬
&RPR‫(ܣ‬െ3, 0) H‫(ܤ‬3, 0) VmRRVIRFRVGDHOLSVHHQWmRܿ = 3ORJRܿ ଶ = 9.
$VVLPܾ ଶ = ܽଶ െ ܿ ଶ = 145 െ 9 = 136.
௫మ ௬మ
/RJR XPDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + = 1.
ଵସହ ଵଷ଺
2. (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 16 ‫ ݔ( ר‬+ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൒ 4) ‫ ݔ( ש‬+ 3)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 1
3.
ହ
3.1. ܲ ቀ , 2, 0ቁ
ଶ
ܳ(0, 5, 0)
ହ
ܴ ቀെ , 5, 3ቁ
ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܳ െ ܲ = (0, 5, 0) െ ቀହ , 2, 0ቁ = ቀെ ହ , 3, 0ቁ
ܲܳ
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଺ଵ ξ଺ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ቛቀെ ହ , 3, 0ቁ ቛ = ටቀെ ହቁ + 3ଶ + 0ଶ = ටଶହ + 9 = ට
ฮܲܳ =
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܴ െ ܲ = ቀെ ହ , 5, 3ቁ െ ቀହ , 2, 0ቁ = (െ5, 3, 3)
ܴܲ
ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦฮ = ԡ(െ5, 3, 3) ԡ = ඥ(െ5)ଶ + 3ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ25 + 9 + 9 = ξ43

ฮܴܲ
ହ ହ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܴܳ = ܴ െ ܳ = ቀെ , 5, 3ቁ െ(0, 5, 0) = ቀെ , 0, 3ቁ
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଺ଵ ξ଺ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ቛቀെ ହ , 0, 3ቁ ቛ = ටቀെ ହቁ + 0ଶ + 3ଶ = ටଶହ + 9 = ට
ฮܴܳ =
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ

$VVLP
ξ଺ଵ ξ଺ଵ
ܲ[௉ொோ] = +ξ43 +
ଶ ଶ
= ξ61 + ξ43 XP

3.2.
ହ ହ
3.2.1. ‫ ܨ‬ቀ , 5, 5ቁ ‫ ܩ‬ቀെ , 5, 5ቁ
ଶ ଶ
/RJR‫ܩܨ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬5 ‫ = ݖ ר‬5

3.2.2. ‫ܩܨܧ‬: ‫ = ݖ‬5
ହ ହ
3.2.3. െ ൑‫ݔ‬൑ ‫ר‬0൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ 5‫ר‬0൑‫ ݖ‬൑5
ଶ ଶ
3.3.
‫ ܣ = ܩܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
3.3.1. ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ܦ = ܦܣ‬
ଶ
3.3.2. ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܴܲ
‫ܤܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ܴܲ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܲܣ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ‫ܴܣ‬
ହ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫ ܪܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
3.3.3. ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ ܤܣ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܩܨ‬ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ +
‫ ܪܧ‬+ ‫ܩܪ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܨܩ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܨܩ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܳܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ܳܣ‬
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ହ
3.4. ܴ ቀെ , 5, 3ቁ
ଶ
ହ
‫ ܦ‬ቀെ , 0, 0ቁ
ଶ
ହ ଶ ହ ଶ
ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +(‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 3)ଶ = ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ +‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݖ‬ଶ
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
֞ ‫ ݕ‬െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 25 + ‫ ݖ‬െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 9 = ‫ ݕ‬+ ‫ݖ‬
֞ െ10‫ ݕ‬െ 6‫ ݖ‬+ 34 = 0
֞ 5‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫ ݖ‬െ 17 = 0
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܴ െ ܲ = ቀെ ହ , 5,3ቁ െ ቀହ , 2, 0ቁ = (െ5, 3, 3)
3.5. ܴܲ
ଶ ଶ
ହ
‫ ܤ‬ቀ , 5, 0ቁ
ଶ
ହ
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫ = )ݖ‬ቀ , 5, 0ቁ +݇(െ5, 3, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ
3.6. ‫ܩܥܤ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬5

/RJR݇
$VVLP‫ ܯ‬െ

Teste n.º 5
Páginas 55 a 57
Grupo I
1. ‫ݎ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬3 ‫ = ݖ ר‬5
$UHWD‫ ݎ‬pSDUDOHODDRHL[R ܱ‫ݔ‬ORJRXPVHXYHWRUGLUHWRUp 2SRQWR SHUWHQFHjUHWD‫ݎ‬.
$VVLPXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬p:
(‫ݔ‬, ‫ݕ‬, ‫( = )ݖ‬0, 3, 5) + ݇(1, 0, 0), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
(Opção A)
2. (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ = ݔ ר‬4 ֞ (4 െ 1)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ = ݔ ר‬4
֞ 3ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ = ݔ ר‬4
֞ 9 + (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ = ݔ ר‬4
֞ (‫ ݕ‬െ 3)ଶ + (‫ ݖ‬+ 2)ଶ ൑ 16 ‫ = ݔ ר‬4
$VVLP R UDLR GR FtUFXOR TXH p D LQWHUVHomR GD HVIHUD UHIHULGD FRP R SODQR GH HTXDomR ‫ = ݔ‬4 p
ξ16 /RJRDiUHDGHVVHFtUFXORp16ߨ.
(Opção C)
3. ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ

2 JUiILFR GD IXQomR ݂ p XPD SDUiEROD FRP FRQFDYLGDGH YROWDGD SDUD FLPD H FXMR YpUWLFH WHP
FRRUGHQDGDVെ$VVLP݂(‫ )ݔ‬൒ 0, ‫[ א ݔ׊‬െ2, 2].
݂(െ2) = (െ2 + 1)ଶ = (െ1)ଶ = 1
݂(2) = (2 + 1)ଶ = 3ଶ = 9
/RJR݂(‫ )ݔ‬൑ 9, ‫[ א ݔ׊‬െ2, 2]. 7HP-VHHQWmRTXH‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ = [0, 9].
(Opção A)
4. |‫ ݔ‬െ 5| ൒ 3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 5 ൒ 3 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 5 ൑ െ3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 8 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ 2

֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 2] ‫[ ׫‬8, +λ[
|‫ ݔ‬െ 2| ൒ 8 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 8 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 2 ൑ െ8 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 10 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ െ6
֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ6] ‫[ ׫‬10, +λ[
|‫ ݔ‬െ 3| ൒ 5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ൒ 5 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 ൑ െ5 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 8 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ െ2
֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬8, +λ[
|‫ ݔ‬െ 8| ൒ 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 8 ൒ 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 8 ൑ െ2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൒ 10 ‫ ݔ ש‬൑ 6
֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, 6] ‫[ ׫‬10, +λ[
(Opção C)
5.
(Opção D)

Grupo II
1.
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (0, 0, 6).
1.1. &RPRDDOWXUDGRSULVPDpWHP-VHTXH‫ܪܣ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ൫1, ξ3, 7൯ െ (0, 0, 6) = ൫1, ξ3, 1൯
‫ ܭ = ܦ‬+ ‫ܣܪ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ൫1, ξ3, 1൯ െ ൫െ1, ξ3, 0൯ = (2, 0, 1)
‫ ܦ = ܥ‬+ ‫ܥܦ‬
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, 0, 1) െ ൫1, ξ3, 0൯ = ൫1, െξ3, 1൯
‫ ܥ = ܤ‬+ ‫ܤܥ‬
‫ ܤ = ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܣܤ‬൫1, െξ3, 1൯ െ (2, 0, 0) = ൫െ1, െξ3, 1൯
ଵ
‫ ܤܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (2, 0, 0) + ଵ (0, 0, 6)
‫ܭܦ‬
ଶ ଶ
= (2, 0, 0) + (0, 0, 3) = (2, 0, 3)

ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ + ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ቛ‫ܤܣ‬ ‫ ܭܦ‬ቛ = ԡ(2, 0, 3) ԡ = ξ2ଶ + 0ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ4 + 9 = ξ13
ଶ
‫= ݔ‬1+݇
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ൫1, ξ3, 0൯
1.3. ‫ܥܤ‬ ‫ܭ‬൫1, ξ3, 7൯ ‫ݎ‬: ൝‫ = ݕ‬ξ3 + ξ3݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫=ݖ‬7
1.4. ‫ ܤܫܮ‬pRSODQRPHGLDGRUGRVHJPHQWRGHUHWD>‫]ܪܭ‬.
‫ܭ‬൫1, ξ3, 7൯
‫ ܣ = ܪ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܪܣ‬൫െ1, െξ3, 1൯ + (0, 0, 6) = ൫െ1, െξ3, 7൯
ଶ ଶ
(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ + ൫‫ ݕ‬െ ξ3൯ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 7)ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 1)ଶ + ൫‫ ݕ‬+ ξ3൯ + (‫ ݖ‬െ 7)ଶ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬+ ξ3‫ = ݕ‬0
2.
2.1. ‫ܦ‬௚ = [െ2, +λ[ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௚ = {െ2} ‫] ׫‬െ1, +λ[
2.2. ݃ WHPPi[LPRVUHODWLYRVHെWHPPtQLPRUHODWLYRെQmRWHPPi[LPRDEVROXWRHWHPPtQLPR
DEVROXWRെ
2.3. ݂ ‫(݃ ל‬2) = ݂൫݃(2)൯ = ݂(െ2) = |െ2 െ 2| + 3 = |െ4| + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7
‫ ݔ‬െ 2 + 3 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ൒ 0
2.4. ݂(‫ ݔ| = )ݔ‬െ 2| + 3 = ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + 3 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 < 0
‫ ݔ‬+ 1 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 2
=ቄ
െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 se ‫ < ݔ‬2
2.5. ‫ܦ‬௙ = ԹORJR‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ , െ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ .
݂(െ‫| = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬െ 2| + 3 = |‫ ݔ‬+ 2| + 3
2UD݂(െ‫ )ݔ‬QmRpLJXDOD݂(‫ܦ א ݔ׊ )ݔ‬௙ SRUH[HPSOR݂(െ2) = 7 ് ݂(2) = 3ORJR݂ QmRpSDU3RURXWUR
ODGR݂(െ‫ )ݔ‬QmRpLJXDODെ݂(‫ܦ א ݔ׊ )ݔ‬௙ SRUH[HPSOR݂(െ2) = 7 ് െ݂(2) = െ3ORJR݂ QmRptPSDU
2.6. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬െ݂(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) = െ(|‫ ݔ‬+ 2 െ 2| + 3) = െ|‫ |ݔ‬െ 3
(QWmRRJUiILFRGH݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGH݂ DWUDYpVGHXPDUHIOH[mRHPUHODomRDRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬VHJXLGD
GHXPDWUDQVODomRDVVRFLDGDDRYHWRUെ$VVLP‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ = ]െλ, െ3] H ݄ QmRWHP]HURV
3. ݂(‫ ݔ ֞ )ݔ(݃ = )ݔ‬െ 1 = ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1

֜ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)ଶ = ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0
ଷ±ξଽି଼
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬2‫= ݔש‬1

Verificação:
6H ‫ = ݔ‬2 HQWmR 2 െ 1 = ξ2 െ 1 ֞ 1 = ξ1 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p VROXomR GD
HTXDomR
6H ‫ = ݔ‬1 HQWmR 1 െ 1 = ξ1 െ 1 ֞ 0 = ξ0 TXH p XPD SURSRVLomR YHUGDGHLUD ORJR p VROXomR GD
HTXDomR
&RPR ݂(2) = 2 െ 1 = 1 HQWmR ‫(ܣ‬2, ݂(2)) = (2, 1) H ‫(ܤ‬4, 1). 8PD YH] TXH ݃(4) = ξ4 െ 1 = ξ3
WHP-VHTXH ‫(ܥ‬4, ݃(4)) = ൫4, ξ3൯.
&RPR݂(‫ = )ݔ‬ξ3 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ξ3 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1 + ξ3ORJR‫ܦ‬൫1 + ξ3, ξ3൯.
തതതത ା஽஼
(஺஻ തതതത
തതതത )×஻஼ ቀ(ସିଶ)ା൫ସିଵିξଷ൯ቁ×൫ξଷିଵ൯ ൫ଶାଷିξଷ൯×൫ξଷିଵ൯ ൫ହିξଷ൯×൫ξଷିଵ൯
$VVLP‫[ܣ‬஺஻஼஽] = = = =
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ହξଷିହିଷାξଷ ଺ξଷି଼
= = = 3ξ3 െ 4 u. a.
ଶ ଶ
Teste n.º 6
Páginas 60 a 62
Grupo I
1.
െλ a b c +λ
Função f + 0 െ 0 + 0 െ
2SomR$ + െ + െ
2SomR% െ + െ +
2SomR& െ + + െ
2SomR' + െ െ +
(Opção A)
2. &RPHFHPRVSRUGHWHUPLQDUDH[SUHVVmR DQDOtWLFDGDIXQomRLQYHUVDGH݃.
௬ିଷ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = ‫ ֞ ݕ‬2‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 3 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
௫ିଷ
݃ିଵ (‫= )ݔ‬
ଶ
ଶିଷ ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଷ
(݂ ‫ି݃ ל‬ଵ )(2) = ݂(݃ିଵ (2)) = ݂ ቀ ቁ = ݂ ቀെ ଶቁ = ቀെ ଶቁ +2 × ቀെ ቁ +2 = ്1
ଶ ଶ ସ
ଷିଷ
(݂ ‫ି݃ ל‬ଵ )(3) = ݂(݃ିଵ (3)) = ݂ ቀ ቁ = ݂(0) = 0ଶ + 2 × 0 + 2 = 2
ଶ
ଵିଷ
(݂ ‫ି݃ ל‬ଵ )(1) = ݂(݃ିଵ (1)) = ݂ ቀ ቁ = ݂(െ1) = (െ1)ଶ + 2 × (െ1) + 2 = 1 ് 0
ଶ
ିଵିଷ
(݂ ‫ି݃ ל‬ଵ )(െ1) = ݂(݃ିଵ (െ1)) = ݂ ቀ ଶ
ቁ = ݂(െ2) = (െ2)ଶ + 2 × (െ2) + 2 = 2 ് 1
(Opção B)
1000
3. § 1000 · § 1000 1000 1000
·
¦ (2i 3) 2 ¨¦ i 15k ¸ 2 ¨¦ ¦ i 3 2 ¦ i 30k ¸ 3000 30k k 100
i 1 ©i1 ¹ ©i1 i 1 i 1 ¹
(Opção B)

7
4. ¦d i 0 ֞ 0 െ 3 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + ݀଻ = 0 ֞ 5 + ݀଻ = 0 ֞ ݀଻ = െ5
i 1
ܵܵ௫ = 0 + 9 + 4 + 1 + 9 + 4 + 25 = 52
(Opção D)
5. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = 750 ‫ݏ‬௫ = 3,2
‫ݕ‬ത = 1,013 × 750 + 120 = 879,75 ‫ݏ‬௬ = 1,013 × 3,2 = 3,2416
(Opção D)
Grupo II
1.
1.1. ݂(2) = 0 ֞ 2ଶ െ 2ܽ + ܾ = 0 ֞ ܾ = 2ܽ െ 4
݂(2) = 0 4 െ 2ܽ + ܾ = 0 ܾ = 2ܽ െ 4 െ
֞ ቄܽ = െ2 ֞ ቄܾ = 2 ×
(െ2) െ 4
൜ ֞ቄ ֞ቄ
݂(െ1) = െ9 1 + ܽ + ܾ = െ9 ܽ + 2ܽ െ 4 = െ9 െ 1 െ
ܾ = െ8
֞ቄ
ܽ = െ2
1.2. ݂(‫ ݔ = )ݔ‬ଶ െ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3
݂(െ‫ )ݔ‬െ 4 < ݃(3) ֞ (െ‫)ݔ‬ଶ െ 2(െ‫ )ݔ‬+ 3 െ 4 < 2|3 െ 1| െ 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 െ 4 < 2 × 2 െ 1
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 < 0
Cálculo auxiliar
െ2 ± ξ4 + 16 െ2 ± 2ξ5
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬
2 2
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 െ ξ5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ1 + ξ5
&6 ൧െ1 െ ξ5, െ1 + ξ5ൣ

1.3. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬െ2݃(‫ )ݔ‬+ 1 = െ2(2|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| െ 1) + 1 = െ|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 2 + 1 = െ4|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 3
$VVLP‫ܦ‬௛ᇱ = ]െλ, 3].
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଻ ଵ
݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ4|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| + 3 = 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 1| = ֞‫ݔ‬െ1= ‫ݔש‬െ1 =െ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ସ ସ ସ ସ ସ
ଵ ଻
=HURV H
ସ ସ
2.
ଽ ଵ଴ହ
2.1. ݇߳ ቃെ , ቂ
଼ ଼
2.2. 8PDYH]TXHെHVmR]HURVGH݂HQWmR݂(‫ ݔ(ܽ = )ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2).
2SRQWR ‫ ܤ‬SHUWHQFHDRJUiILFRGH݂ORJR:
݂(0) = 6 ֞ ܽ × 3 × (െ1) × (െ2) = 6 ֞ 6ܽ = 6 ֞ ܽ = 1
$VVLP݂(‫ ݔ( = )ݔ‬+ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = (‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬െ 3)(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) = ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 6.
6HRJUiILFRGH݃ pXPDUHWDSDUDOHODjELVVHWUL]GRVTXDGUDQWHV SDUHVHQWmRRVHXGHFOLYHpെH
VHRSRQWR‫ ܤ‬SHUWHQFHDRJUiILFRGH݃ HQWmR݃ SHORTXH݃(‫ = )ݔ‬െ‫ ݔ‬+ 6.
2.3. ݂(‫ )ݔ‬൒ ݃(‫ ݔ ֞ )ݔ‬ଷ െ 7‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൒ െ‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ 6‫ ݔ‬൒ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ 6) ൒ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬ξ6 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െξ6

‫ݔ‬ െλ െξ6 ξ6 +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ - െ + + +
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ 6 + െ - െ +
‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ െ 6) െ + െ +
/RJR&6 ൣെξ6, 0൧ ‫ ׫‬ൣξ6, +λൣ.
3.
଴ × ଵ଺ ା ଵ × ଷଷ ା ଶ × ଶ଺ ା ଷ × ଵଷ ା ସ × ଽ ା ହ × ଷ ଵ଻ହ
3.1. ‫ݔ‬ҧ = = = 1,75
ଵ଺ ା ଷଷ ା ଶ଺ ା ଵଷ ା ଽ ା ଷ ଵ଴଴
6
2
SS x ¦ (x x )
i 1
i ni
= (0 െ 1,75)ଶ × 16 + (1 െ 1,75)ଶ × 33 + (2 െ 1,75)ଶ × 26 + (3 െ 1,75)ଶ × 13 + (4 െ 1,75)ଶ × 9

+ (5 െ 1,75)ଶ × 3
= 166,75
ௌௌೣ ଵ଺଺,଻ହ
‫ݏ‬௫ = ට =ට ൎ 1,30
௡ିଵ ଽଽ
௫భబ ା௫భభ ଴ା଴

3.2. ܲଵ଴ = = =0
ଶ ଶ
௫రబ ା௫రభ ଵାଵ
ܲସ଴ = = =1
ଶ ଶ
௫వబ ା௫వభ ସାସ
ܲଽ଴ = = =4
ଶ ଶ
௫ళఱ ା௫ళల ଶାଷ
3.3. ܲ଻ହ = = = 2,5 < 3. /RJR + + DOXQRV
ଶ ଶ
n n
2 2
4. SS y ¦ ( y y)
i ¦y i ny 2
i 1 i 1
n
2
¦ (ax h) i n(ax h) 2
i 1
n
¦ ((ax )
i 1
i
2
2
2axi h) h 2 n((ax ) 2 2axh h 2 ) n ax 2axh h 2
n n n
2
a 2 ¦ xi 2 2ah¦ xi ¦ h 2 n ax n 2axh nh 2
i 1 i 1 i 1
n
n ¦x i
a 2 ¦ xi 2 2ahn i 1
nh 2 na 2 x 2 2naxh nh 2
i 1 n
n
a 2 ¦ xi 2 2ahnx na 2 x 2 2naxh
i 1
n
2 2 2
a ¦x i na 2 x
i 1
§ n ·
a ¨ ¦ xi 2 nx 2 ¸ a 2 SS x
2
©i1 ¹

Teste Global n.º 1
Páginas 65 a 67
Grupo I
1. 8PDYH]TXHDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬pIDOVDHQWmRDSURSRVLomR‫ ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDHDSURSRVLomR‫ ݍ‬pIDOVD
$VVLP QD RSomR $ D SURSRVLomR ‫ ݍ ר ݌‬p IDOVD SRU VH WUDWDU GD FRQMXQomR HQWUH XPD SURSRVLomR
YHUGDGHLUD H XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD QD RSomR % D SURSRVLomR ~‫ ݍ ש ݌‬p IDOVD SRU VH WUDWDU GD
GLVMXQomRHQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVIDOVDVQDRSomR&‫ )݌~ ש ݍ( ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVDXPDYH]
TXH ‫ ݌‬p YHUGDGHLUD H ‫ ݌~ ש ݍ‬p IDOVD SRU VH WUDWDU GD GLVMXQomR HQWUH GXDV SURSRVLo}HV IDOVDV QD
RSomR'~‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬pYHUGDGHLUDXPDYH]TXH~‫ ݌‬pIDOVDH‫ ݍ‬pIDOVD
(Opção D)
2. ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬1
ܲ(1) = 0 ֞ 2 × 1ଷ + ܽ × 1ଶ + 2 × 1 + ܾ = 0 ֞ 2 + ܽ + 2 + ܾ = 0 ֞ ܽ = െ4 െ ܾ
ଵ
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ ௔
ܲ ቀെ ଶቁ = 0 ֞ 2 × ቀെ ଶቁ +ܽ × ቀെ ቁ
ଶ
+2 × ቀെ ቁ +ܾ = 0 ֞ െ ସ + ସ െ1 + ܾ = 0
ଶ
֞ െ1 + ܽ െ 4 + 4ܾ = 0 ֞ െ5 + (െ4 െ ܾ ) + 4ܾ = 0
֞ െ9 + 3ܾ = 0 ֞ ܾ = 3
/RJRܽ = െ4 െ 3 = െ7.
(Opção A)
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܲ െ ܱ = (2,3)
3. ܱܲ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(2,3)ԡ = ξ2ଶ + 3ଶ = ξ4 + 9 = ξ13 /RJRRUDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDPHQRUpξ13.
ฮܱܲ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܳ െ ܱ = (3,4)
ܱܳ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(3,4) ԡ = ξ3ଶ + 4ଶ = ξ9 + 16 = ξ25 = 5 /RJRRUDLRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDPDLRUp
ฮܱܳ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = ܳ െ ܲ = (3,4) െ (2,3) = (1,1)
ܲܳ
ଵ
ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ܲܳ pXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGDUHWDܲܳ. AVVLPRGHFOLYHGHVWDUHWDp = 1.
ଵ
&RPRܲ SHUWHQFHjUHWDܲܳHQWmR3 = 1 × 2 + ܾ ֞ ܾ = 1.
/RJRDHTXDomRUHGX]LGDGDUHWDܲܳ p‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 1.
$VVLPXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDUHJLmRDVRPEUHDGRp:
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൒ 13 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 25 ‫ ר‬൫(‫ ݕ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൒ 0) ‫ ݕ( ש‬൒ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ 0)൯
(Opção A)
4. ξ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬െ 2 ֜ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ

֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 = ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 5 = 0
ହ±ξଶହିଶ଴
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
ହ±ξହ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ

ହ ξହ
Verificação: 6H‫= ݔ‬ + HQWmR:
ଶ ଶ
ହ ξହ ଷାξହ ଵାξହ
ටହ + ξହ െ 1 = + െ2 ֞ ට =
ඥ଺ାଶξହ ଵାξହ
֞ =
ଶ ଶ
ଶ
֞
ด 6 + 2ξ5 = ൫1 + ξ5൯
୅୫ୠ୭ୱ ୭ୱ ୫ୣ୫ୠ୰୭ୱ ୱ ୭ ୮୭ୱ୧୲୧୴୭ୱ
֞ 6 + 2ξ5 = 1 + 2ξ5 + 5
֞ 6 + 2ξ5 = 6 + 2ξ5TXH pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
ହ ξହ
/RJR + pVROXomRGDHTXDomR
ଶ ଶ
ହ ξହ
6H‫= ݔ‬ െ HQWmR:
ଶ ଶ
ହ ξହ ଷିξହ ଵିξହ ඥ଺ିଶξହ ଵିξହ

ටହ െ ξହ െ 1 = െ െ2 ֞ ට = ֞ = ֞ ඥ6 െ 2ξ5 = 1 െ ξ5
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ହ ξହ
0DV ඥ6 െ 2ξ5 p SRVLWLYR H 1 െ ξ5 p QHJDWLYR ORJR HVWD LJXDOGDGH p IDOVD H SRUWDQWR െ QmR p
ଶ ଶ
VROXomRGDHTXDomR
(Opção C)
1000 1000 1000

2
5. 1DRSomR$ ¦i 02 ¦ i 2 ¦i 2 ORJRWUDWD-VHGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
i 1 i 1 i 1
1000
1DRSomR% 2 § 1000 2 · ORJRWUDWD-VHGHXPDSURSRVLomRIDOVD
¦i 12 22 ... 10002 z (1 2 ... 1000) 2 ¨¦i ¸
i 1 ©i1 ¹
1000 1000
1DRSomR& ¦ (3i)
i 1
(3 u 1) (3 u 2) ... (3 u 1000) 3 u (1 2 ... 1000) 3¦ i ORJRWUDWD-VHGHXPD
i 1
1000
1DRSomR '
¦ (3 i)
i 1
(3 1) (3 2) ... (3 1000) (3 3 ... 3) (1 2 ... 1000)

1000 vezes
1000
3000 ¦ i ORJRWUDWD-VHGHXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD
i 1
(Opção B)

Grupo II
1.
1.1. ‫)ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬
‫)ݔ(݌‬: ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
/RJR‫[ א ݔ‬െ2, 2].

5
‫)ݔ(ݍ‬: 3|‫ ݔ‬+ 1| െ 2 ൑ 3 ֞ 3|‫ ݔ‬+ 1| ൑ 5 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬+ 1| ൑
3
ହ ହ
֞‫ݔ‬+1൑ ‫ݔר‬+1൒ െ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଼
֞‫ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔר‬൒െ
ଷ ଷ
଼ ଶ
/RJR‫ א ݔ‬ቂെ , ቃ.
ଷ ଷ
଼ ଶ ଼ ଶ
$VVLP‫[ א ݔ ֞ )ݔ(ݍ ר )ݔ(݌‬െ2, 2] ‫ ת‬ቂെ , ቃ ֞ ‫ א ݔ‬ቂെ ଷ , ଷቃ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଷ ଶ
1.2. ~‫ )ݔ(ݎ ש )ݔ(݌‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ 4 > 0 ‫ ݔ ש‬+ 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4 > 0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2[ ‫] ׫‬2, +λ[
‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬൑ 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ൑ 0
Cálculo auxiliar
ିଷ±ξଽି଼
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ2
ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ െ1 +λ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ െ െ െ +
‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2 + െ + + +
‫ ݔ(ݔ‬ଶ + 3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) െ + െ +
/RJR‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬െ1, 0].
$VVLP~‫ )ݔ(ݎ ש )ݔ(݌‬฻ ‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2] ‫[ ׫‬െ1, 0] ‫] ׫‬2, +λ[.
3‫ ݔ‬െ 2ξ3‫ = ݕ‬4ξ3 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2ξ3൫5 െ 3ξ3‫ݔ‬൯ = 4ξ3

2. ቊ ֞ቊ
3ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ = ݕ‬5 ‫ = ݕ‬5 െ 3ξ3‫ݔ‬
֞ ൜3‫ ݔ‬െ 10ξ3 + 18‫ = ݔ‬4ξ3 ֞ ൜21‫ = ݔ‬14ξ3

െ െ
ଶξଷ
ଵସξଷ ‫=ݔ‬
֞ ൜‫ = ݔ‬ଶଵ ֞ ቐ ଷ
ଶξଷ
െ ‫ = ݕ‬5 െ 3ξ3 ×
ଷ
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
‫=ݔ‬ ‫=ݔ‬
֞൝ ଷ ֞ቊ ଷ
‫ = ݕ‬5െ6 ‫ = ݕ‬െ1
ଶξଷ
&6 ቄቀ , െ1ቁቅ
ଷ

3.
‫ ܤ = ܤܣ‬െ ‫( = ܣ‬3, െ1) െ (2, 0) = (1, െ1)
‫(ܥ‬െ1, 3)
/RJRXPDHTXDomRYHWRULDOGDUHWDTXHFRQWpPRSRQWR‫ ܥ‬HpSDUDOHODD‫ ܤܣ‬p:
(‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬െ1, 3) + ݇(1, െ1), ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ ܥܤ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܥܣ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܥܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ = ܣܥ‬ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = (െ1, 1)GHDFRUGRFRPDDOtQHDDQWHULRU
‫ = ܣܤ‬െ‫ܤܣ‬
ฮ‫ܥܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ = ԡ(െ1, 1)ԡ = ඥ(െ1)ଶ + 1ଶ = ξ1 + 1 = ξ2.
$VVLPRFRQMXQWRGRVSRQWRVGRSODQRFXMDGLVWkQFLDDRSRQWR‫ ܣ‬pLQIHULRURXLJXDODฮ‫ܥܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮ p
RFtUFXORGHFHQWURHP‫ ܣ‬HUDLRฮ‫ܥܤ‬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ฮTXHpGHILQLGRSHODFRQGLomR(‫ ݔ‬െ 2)ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ 2.
3.3. ‫(ܣ‬2, 0) H‫ܣ‬Ԣ(െ2, 0) VmRRVIRFRVGDHOLSVHORJRܿ = &RPRRHL[RPDLRUpHQWmR

௫మ ௬మ
ܽ $VVLPܾ ଶ = ܽଶ െ ܿ ଶ = 16 െ 4 = 12. /RJRDHTXDomRGDHOLSVHp + = 1.
ଵ଺ ଵଶ
4. ܱpXPGRVYpUWLFHVGRSULVPD'HDFRUGRFRPRHQXQFLDGR‫ܤ‬6HJXQGRR7HRUHPDGH

3LWiJRUDV
തതതത ଶ = തതതത
ܱ‫ܤ‬ തതതതଶ ֞ 5ଶ = തതതത
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത + 1)ଶ ֞ 25 = തതതത
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + (ܱ‫ܣ‬ ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + തതതത തതതത + 1
ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + 2ܱ‫ܣ‬
֞ 2ܱ‫ܣ‬ തതതത െ 24 = 0 ֞ തതതത
തതതതଶ + 2ܱ‫ܣ‬ ܱ‫ܣ‬ଶ + തതതത
ܱ‫ ܣ‬െ 12 = 0
ିଵ±ξଵାସ଼
֞ തതതത
ܱ‫= ܣ‬ ֞ തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬െ4 ‫ ש‬തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬3.
ଶ
/RJR തതതത തതതത = തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬3 H‫ܤܣ‬ ܱ‫ ܣ‬+ 1 = 4. O YROXPHGRSULVPDpRXVHMD
തതതത×஺஻
ை஺ തതതത ଷ×ସ
× തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܧ‬60 ֞ × തതതത തതതത = 60 ֞ തതതത
ܱ‫ = ܧ‬60 ֞ 6ܱ‫ܧ‬ ܱ‫ = ܧ‬10
ଶ ଶ
$VVLP‫ܧ‬H‫ܦ‬6HMD‫ (ܣ‬x y FRP x ! H y !
തതതത തതതത = 3 ֞ ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = 4 ‫ ר‬ඥ(‫ ݔ‬െ 0)ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = 3
ܱ‫ = ܣ‬4 ‫ܣܤ ר‬
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 16 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ + (‫ ݕ‬െ 5)ଶ = 9
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 16 െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ‫ ר‬16 െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ + ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ 10‫ ݕ‬+ 25 = 9
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 16 െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ‫ ר‬െ10‫ = ݕ‬െ32
ଵ଺ ଶ ଵ଺
֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 16 െ ቀ ቁ ‫= ݕר‬
ହ ହ
ଵସସ ଵ଺
֞ ‫ݔ‬ଶ = ‫= ݕר‬
ଶହ ହ
ଵଶ ଵଶ ଵ଺ ଵଶ ଵ଺
&RPR x ! HQWmR‫= ݔ‬ . /RJR‫ ܣ‬ቀ , , 0ቁ H‫ ܥ‬ቀ , , 10ቁ.
ହ ହ ହ ହ ହ
5.
5.1. ݂(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| + 2 = 0 ֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| = 2 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 = 2 ‫ ݔ ש‬െ 3 = െ2 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬5 ‫ = ݔ ש‬1
$VVLPDDEFLVVDGRSRQWR‫ ܣ‬pHDDEFLVVDGRSRQWR‫ ܥ‬pSHORTXHDDEFLVVDGRSRQWR‫ ܤ‬pH
SRUWDQWRDDEFLVVDGHܲ YDULD HQWUHH/RJR‫ܦ‬௚ = ]1, 3[.
݂(3) = 2ORJR‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ = ]0, 2].
തതതത = (3 െ ‫ × )ݔ‬2 = 6 െ 2‫ݔ‬.
'DTXLWDPEpPVHFRQFOXLTXHܴܵ
െ(‫ ݔ‬െ 3) + 2 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 ൒ 0 െ‫ ݔ‬+ 5 se ‫ ݔ‬൒ 3
݂(‫ = )ݔ‬െ |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| + 2 = ൜ =ቄ
െ(െ‫ ݔ‬+ 3) + 2 se ‫ ݔ‬െ 3 < 0 ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 se ‫ < ݔ‬3
തതതത = ‫ ݔ‬െ 1.
'RQGHDVFRRUGHQDGDVGHܲ VmR(‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬െ 1). /RJR ܲܵ

7HP-VHHQWmR
തതതത × ܲܵ
݃(‫ܴܵ = )ݔ‬ തതതത = (6 െ 2‫ ݔ( × )ݔ‬െ 1) = 6‫ ݔ‬െ 6 െ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ݔ‬
= െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 8‫ ݔ‬െ 6
5.2. ݄(‫ = )ݔ‬0 ֞ െ2݂(‫ )ݔ‬+ 1 = 0 ֞ െ2(െ |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| + 2) + 1 = 0 ֞ 2|‫ ݔ‬െ 3| െ 4 + 1 = 0
ଷ
֞ |‫ ݔ‬െ 3| =
ଶ
ଷ ଷ
֞‫ݔ‬െ3= ‫ݔש‬െ3 =െ
ଶ ଶ
ଽ ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶ ଶ
6.
ଵ଴ × ଺଴ ௫ల ା ௫ళ ଷଵ,ଷହ ା ଷଵ,ହହ
6.1. = 6, ORJRܲଵ଴ = = = 31,45.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
ଶହ × ଺଴ ௫భఱ ା ௫భల ଷଷ,ଶଶ ା ଷଷ,ଶ଼
= 15, ORJRܲଶହ = = = 33,25.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
ଽ଴ × ଺଴ ௫ఱర ା ௫ఱఱ ଷହ,ଽଷ ା ଷହ,ଽଷ
= 54, ORJRܲଽ଴ = = = 35,93.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
6.2. ‫ݔ‬ଷ଻ = 35,25
/RJRVHQGR݇ DRUGHPGRSHUFHQWLOTXHVHSURFXUDWHP-VHTXH:
60݇
35 < < 36 ֞ 58 < ݇ < 60
100
$VVLPSHUWHQFHDܲହଽ .
ହ଴ × ଺଴ ௫యబ ା ௫యభ ଷସ,ହଶ ା ଷସ,ହ଼
6.3. &RPHoDQGRSRUGHWHUPLQDUܲହ଴ WHP-VH = 30 ORJR ܲହ଴ = = = 34,55.
ଵ଴଴ ଶ ଶ
6.4. (VWHYDORUQmRVHHQFRQWUDHQWUHRVGDGRVPDVSRGHVHUHQTXDGUDGRGDVHJXLQWHIRUPD:
34,52 < 34,55 < 34,58
/RJRRDWOHWDFRPRWHPSR PDLVEDL[RGHHQWUHRVTXHWrPRVWHPSRVPDLVDOWRVREWHYHR
WHPSR
Teste Global n.º 2

Páginas 70 a 72
Grupo I
1. A RSomR$pYHUGDGHLUDXPDYH]TXHTXDOTXHUQ~PHURUHDOpPDLRUTXH]HURRXPHQRUTXH
$RSomR%pYHUGDGHLUD
|‫ ݔ‬െ 1| < 1 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬െ 1 < 1 ‫ ݔ ר‬െ 1 > െ1 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬2 ‫ > ݔ ר‬0 ֞ ‫] א ݔ‬0, 2[
ORJRXPDYH]TXH1 ‫] א‬0, 2[ HpXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOHQWmRH[LVWHXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHpVROXomR
GDLQHTXDomR
$ RSomR & p IDOVD Mi TXH H[LVWH XP HOHPHQWR GH Ժା଴ TXH QmR YHULILFD D GHVLJXDOGDGH
QRPHDGDPHQWHRHOHPHQWR]HUR
$RSomR'pYHUGDGHLUD‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 1 = 0 ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ = െ1 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ1 Hെ1 ‫ א‬Թ.
(Opção C)

2. ‫ݔ‬ξ3(‫ ݔ‬െ 2) + 3ξ3 = 6(‫ ݔ‬െ 1) ֞ ξ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 3ξ3 = 6‫ ݔ‬െ 6
֞ ξ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 2ξ3‫ ݔ‬+ 3ξ3 െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0
֞ ξ3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ൫െ2ξ3 െ 6൯‫ ݔ‬+ ൫3ξ3 + 6൯ = 0
మ
ଶξଷା଺±ට൫ିଶξଷି଺൯ ିସξଷ൫ଷξଷା଺൯
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶξଷ
ଶξଷା଺±ඥଵଶାଶସξଷାଷ଺ିଷ଺ିଶସξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶξଷ
ଶξଷା଺±ξଵଶ ଶξଷା଺ାଶξଷ ଶξଷା଺ିଶξଷ

֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
ସξଷା଺ ξଷ ଺ ξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ × ‫= ݔש‬ ×
ଶξଷ ξଷ ଶξଷ ξଷ
ଵଶା଺ξଷ ଺ξଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬2 + ξ3 ‫ = ݔ ש‬ξ3
଺ ଺
C. S. = ൛ξ3, 2 + ξ3ൟ
(Opção A)
3. (I) ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 3RGHFOLYHGDUHWDp

ଷ
(II) 2‫ ݕ‬+ 4‫ = ݔ‬3 ֞ 2‫ = ݕ‬െ4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ֞ ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬+ : RGHFOLYHGDUHWDpെ
ଶ
ସ
(III) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, 3) + ݇(2, 4), ݇ ‫ א‬ԹRGHFOLYHGDUHWDp = 2.
ଶ
(IV) (‫ݔ‬, ‫( = )ݕ‬1, 3) + ݇(0, 3), ݇ ‫ א‬ԹWUDWD-VHGHXPDUHWDYHUWLFDO
/RJR DVUHWDVGHILQLGDVSRU,H,,,VmRSDUDOHODVXPDYH]TXHWrPRPHVPRGHFOLYH
(Opção B)
4. 2JUiILFRGDIXQomR݄ REWpP-VHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݂ DWUDYpVGHXPDUHIOH[mRHPUHODomRDRHL[R

ܱ‫ݔ‬VHJXLGDGHXPDUHIOH[mRHPUHODomRDRHL[Rܱ‫ݕ‬.
(Opção A)
5. 6HMD‫ ݔ‬DFODVVLILFDomRGD+HOHQDQR~OWLPRWHVWH
17,3 × 5 + ‫ݔ‬
= 17,5 ֞ 86,5 + ‫ = ݔ‬105
6
֞ ‫ = ݔ‬18,5
(Opção C)
Grupo II
1. (‫)ݎ ֜ ݌( ש )ݍ ֜ ݌‬
֞ (~‫)ݎ ש ݌ ׽( ש )ݍ ש ݌‬
֞ ‫)ݎ ש ݍ( ש ݌ ׽‬
֞ ‫)ݎ ש ݍ( ֜ ݌‬

2.
2.1.
Cálculo auxiliar
3
2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 = 0 ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ
2
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ଻ ଶ଻ ଷ
‫ ݌‬ቀെ
ଶ
ቁ = െ5 ֞ 2 × ቀെ ଶቁ +3 × ቀെ
ଶ
ቁ +ܽ × ቀെ
ଶଶ
ቁ െ2 = െ5 ֞െ + െ ܽ = െ3
ସ ସ ଶ
ଷ
֞െ ܽ = െ3 ֞ 3ܽ = 6 ֞ ܽ = 2
ଶ
2.2. ‫ = )ݔ(݌‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 3‫ ݔ‬െ 2
Cálculo auxiliar
‫ݔ‬െ1=0֞‫= ݔ‬1
െ െ
1

/RJR‫ ݔ( = )ݔ(݌‬െ 1)(2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2).

ିହ±ξଶହିଵ଺ ିହ±ଷ ଵ
2‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬+ 2 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬ ֞‫=ݔ‬ ֞ ‫ = ݔ‬െ2 ‫ = ݔ ש‬െ
ସ ସ ଶ
ଵ
/RJR‫ = )ݔ(݌‬2(‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ቁ = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1).
ଶ
$VVLP‫ )ݔ(݌‬൑ 0 ֞ (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬+ 2)(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) ൑ 0
‫ݔ‬ െλ െ 1 1 +λ
െ
2
‫ݔ‬+2 െ + + + + +
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 െ െ െ + + +
‫)ݔ(݌‬ െ + െ +
ଵ
/RJR‫] א ݔ‬െλ, െ2] ‫ ׫‬ቂെ , 1ቃ.
ଶ
3. 2V SRQWRV GH FRRUGHQDGDV െ H VmR RV H[WUHPRV GR HL[R PDLRU GD HOLSVH ORJR ܽ = 6 2V
SRQWRVGHFRRUGHQDGDV െHVmRRVH[WUHPRVGRHL[RPHQRUGDHOLSVHORJRܾ = 4.
(QWmRܿ ଶ = ܽଶ െ ܾ ଶ = 36 െ 16 = 20/RJRܿ = ξ20 = 2ξ5.
௫మ ௬మ
$VVLP‫ܣ‬൫െ2ξ5, 0൯ H‫ܤ‬൫2ξ5, 0൯. 8PDHTXDomRTXHGHILQHDHOLSVHp + = 1.
ଷ଺ ଵ଺
6H‫ = ݔ‬2ξ5HQWmR
మ
൫ଶξହ൯ ௬మ ௬మ ଶ଴ ௬మ ଵ଺
+ =1֞ =1െ ֞ =
ଷ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଷ଺ ଵ଺ ଷ଺
ଵ଺మ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଼ ଼
֞ ‫ݕ‬ଶ = ֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫= ݕש‬െ ֞‫=ݕ‬ ‫= ݕש‬െ
଺మ ଺ ଺ ଷ ଷ
/RJRXPDFRQGLomRTXHGHILQHDUHJLmRVRPEUHDGDp:
8 8
െ2ξ5 ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ 2ξ5 ‫ ר‬െ ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑
3 3

4.
4.1. 8PDUHWDSDUDOHODD‫ ݎ‬WHPDPHVPDGLUHomRGDUHWD‫ݎ‬$VVLPXPDYH]TXHെ pXPYHWRU
GLUHWRUGDUHWD‫ݎ‬HVWHVHUiWDPEpPXPYHWRUGLUHWRUGHTXDOTXHUUHWDSDUDOHODD‫ݎ‬2SRQWR‫ ܨ‬WHP
FRRUGHQDGDV
/RJR XP VLVWHPD GH HTXDo}HV SDUDPpWULFDV GD UHWD SDUDOHOD D ‫ ݎ‬H TXH SDVVD HP ‫ ܨ‬p
‫= ݔ‬3െ݇
൝‫ = ݕ‬3 + 2݇ , ݇ ‫ א‬Թ
‫ = ݖ‬3+݇
4.2. ‫ܥܤܨ‬: ‫ = ݕ‬3
6XEVWLWXLQGR‫ ݕ‬SRUQDHTXDomRGDUHWD‫ݎ‬:
‫= ݔ‬1െ݇ ‫= ݔ‬1െ݇ ‫= ݔ‬1െ2 ‫ = ݔ‬െ1
(‫ݔ‬, 3, ‫( = )ݖ‬1, െ1, 2) + ݇(െ1, 2, 1) ֞ ൝3 = െ1 + 2݇ ֞ ൝ 2݇ = 4 ֞ ൝ ݇ = 2 ֞ ൝ ݇ = 2
‫ = ݖ‬2+݇ ‫= ݖ‬2+݇ ‫= ݖ‬2+2 ‫=ݖ‬4
/RJRRSRQWRGHLQWHUVHomRGDUHWD‫ ݎ‬FRPRSODQR‫ ܥܤܨ‬WHPFRRUGHQDGDVെ
ଵ ଵ
4.3. ܺ = ‫ ܣ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܨܧ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܥ‬FRUUHVSRQGHDRFHQWURGDIDFH [‫@ܨܧܤܣ‬ORJRܺ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
ܻ = ‫ ܤ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܨ‬+ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܥ‬FRUUHVSRQGH DRFHQWURGDIDFH>‫@ܨܩܥܤ‬ORJR ܻ(0, 3, 0).
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
ܼ=‫ܪ‬െ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ ܩܥ‬+ ‫ ܨܧ‬FRUUHVSRQGHDRFHQWURGDIDFH [‫@ܱܪܩܥ‬ORJRܼ (െ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
ଶ ଶ
തതതത
ܻܺ = ඥ(3 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 3)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 = ξ18 = 3ξ2
ଶ
തതതത
ܼܺ = ට൫3 െ (െ3)൯ + (0 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = ξ36 = 6
തതതത = ට൫0 െ (െ3)൯ଶ + (3 െ 0)ଶ + (0 െ 0)ଶ = ξ9 + 9 = ξ18 = 3ξ2

ܻܼ
/RJRܲ[௫௬௭] = 3ξ2 + 6 + 3ξ2 = 6ξ2 + 6 u. c.
5.
5.1.
5.1.1. (݂ + ݃)(1) = ݂(1) + ݃(1) = ൫1 + ξ1ଶ െ 5 × 1 + 6൯ + (2 െ |2 × 1 + 1|)
= 1 + ξ1 െ 5 + 6 + 2 െ 3 = ξ2
5.1.2. (݂ ‫()݃ ל‬1) = ݂൫݃(1)൯ = ݂(2 െ |2 × 1 + 1|) = ݂(2 െ 3) = ݂(െ1) = 1 + ඥ(െ1)ଶ െ 5 × (െ1) + 6
= 1 + ξ1 + 5 + 6
= 1 + ξ12
= 1 + 2ξ3
ଶ
5.2. ‫ܦ‬௙ = {‫ א ݔ‬Թ: ‫ ݔ‬െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 ൒ 0}
Cálculo auxiliar
ହ±ξଶହିଶସ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 5‫ ݔ‬+ 6 = 0 ֞ ‫= ݔ‬
ଶ
ହ±ଵ
֞‫=ݔ‬
ଶ
֞‫= ݔ‬3‫= ݔש‬2
/RJR ‫ܦ‬௙ = ]െλ, 2] ‫[ ׫‬3, +λ[.

5.3. 2 െ |2‫ ݔ‬+ 1| = 0 ֞ |2‫ ݔ‬+ 1| = 2 ֞ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 2 ‫ ש‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = െ2 ֞ 2‫ = ݔ‬1 ‫ ש‬2‫ = ݔ‬െ3
ଵ ଷ
֞‫=ݔ‬ ‫= ݔש‬െ
ଶ ଶ
భ య
ାቀି ቁ ଵ
మ మ
$VVLPDDEFLVVDGRYpUWLFHGRJUiILFRGDIXQomR݃ p =െ .
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ
2UD݃ ቀെ ቁ = 2 െ ቚ2 × ቀെ ቁ + 1ቚ = 2 െ |െ1 + 1| = 2. /RJR‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ = ]െλ, 2].
ଶ ଶ
5.4. ݂ QmR pXPDIXQomRLQYHUWtYHOXPDYH]TXHQmRpLQMHWLYD3RUH[HPSOR݂(2) = ݂(3) = 1.

݃ QmRpXPDIXQomRLQYHUWtYHOXPDYH]TXHWDPEpPQmRpXPDIXQomRLQMHWLYD
ଵ ଷ
3RUH[HPSOR݃ ቀ ቁ = ݃ ቀെ ቁ = 0. /RJRDDILUPDomRpYHUGDGHLUD
ଶ ଶ
6. ‫୲ܣ‬୭୲ୟ୪ = 10 + 40 + 70 + 120 + 70 + 110 + 40 + 20 + 10 + 40 + 30 + 10 + 20 = 590

ଵ଴×ହଽ଴
&RPR10 + 40 < < 10 + 40 + 70 HQWmRܲଵ଴ ‫[ א‬50, 60[.
ଵ଴଴
ଵ଴×ହଽ଴ ହଽିହ଴ ଽ
10 + 40 + 7(ܲଵ଴ െ 50) = ֞ ܲଵ଴ െ 50 = ֞ ܲଵ଴ = +50ORJRܲଵ଴ ൎ 51,29.
ଵ଴଴ ଻ ଻
ହ଴×ହଽ଴
&RPR10 + 40 + 70 + 120 < < 10 + 40 + 70 + 120 + 70HQWmRܲହ଴ ‫[ א‬70, 80[.
ଵ଴଴
ହ଴×ହଽ଴ ଶଽହିଶସ଴ ସହ
10 + 40 + 70 + 120 + 7(ܲହ଴ െ 70) = = ֞ ܲହ଴ െ 70 ֞ ܲହ଴ = +70
ଵ଴଴ ଻ ଻
ORJRܲହ଴ ൎ 77,86.
Título Autoras Execução Gráﬁca ISBN

Expoente10 Daniela Raposo ;(30.9(-(Y[LZ.YmÄJHZ 978-888-89-0446-7
Dossiê do Professor Luzia Gomes Lda.
Resoluções Ano/Edição/Tiragem
Matemática A Com a colaboração de Depósito Legal 2015/1.ª Edição/1.ª Tiragem
Alexandra Queirós N.º 396 420/15
978-888-89-0446-7

Propostas de Resolução Do Manual e Do Caderno de Exercícios e Testes

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Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU 2

Tema I – Introdução à lógica bivalente e à teoria de conjuntos

13. (‫))ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ר ݌(( ֞ ))ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬TXDLVTXHU TXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVpq Hr

15. ~(p ‫ ש‬q) ֞ (~p ‫~ ר‬q)TXDLVTXHUTXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVp Hq.

p q p‫ש‬q ~(p ‫ ש‬q) ~p ~q ~p ‫~ ר‬q

17. p“$$QDpHVFULWRUD” q“$$QDpIDPRVD´

19. $LPSOLFDomR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬HQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpIDOVDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHRDQWHFHGHQWH ‫ )݌‬é

20. ൫(‫)ݎ ֜ ݍ( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌‬൯ ֜ (‫ )ݎ ֜ ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLD

21. 6DEH-VHTXH ‫)ݍ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬/RJR(~‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬

22. (‫“ ݍ ֜ ݌‬VHpXPQ~PHURSDUHQWmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU”

25. ‫“݌‬$$QDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݍ‬$%HUWDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݎ‬2&DUORVYDLjIHVWD”

28. ~(p ֞q) ֞ ((p ‫~ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬q ‫~ ר‬p))

p q p฻q ~(p ฻ q) ~p ~q p ‫~ ר‬q q ‫~ ר‬p (p ‫~ ר‬q) ‫( ש‬q ‫~ ר‬p)

2EVHUYD-VHTXHDVFROXQDVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVSURSRVLo}HV ~(p ֞ q) H (p ‫~ר‬q) ‫ש‬ሺq ‫~ר‬p) VmR

f) “‫{ ב ݔ‬1, 3, 5, 15}” pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO

37. 2‫ < ݔ‬10 ֞ ‫ < ݔ‬5

a) “ x 2 1  x 1 ” p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLVെ1‫ א‬Թ H െ1)2 = 1 ֞ െ  p XPD SURSRVLomR

52. 3DUDSURYDUTXHpIDOVDDSURSRVLomR “TXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVHMDP~OWLSORGHpP~OWLSOR

QHQKXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOk WDOTXH4 = 10 × ݇ $VVLPSURYDPRVTXHDSURSRVLomRpIDOVD

53. 6XSRQKDPRV TXH ‫ > ݔ‬8&RPR!WHP-VHWDPEpP‫ > ݔ‬0.

“3 ptPSDU‫ ר‬6 ptPSDU‫ ר‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD

60. x  {1, 2,3}: 3 x é tPSDU

“3 ptPSDU‫ ש‬6 ptPSDU‫ ש‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD

c) ~( ‫ א ݔ׊‬Գ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 > 0) ֞ (‫ א ݔ׌‬Գ, ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ൑ 0) – SURSRVLomRIDOVD

63. ܷ = {6, 7, 8, 10}

65. ‫ = ܣ‬൛0, 2, { }, {1}ൟ

71. ܷ = ൛െ5, െξ5, െ1, 0, 1, ξ5, 5, 25ൟ

a) 1 ‫ ܤ א‬pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV A  B H ‫ܣ א‬

f) ‫ܣ‬ҧ = ] െ λ, 5] = ]5, +λ[

h) ‫ ]= ܤ\ܣ‬െ λ, 5]\ ] െ λ, െߨ] = ] െ ߨ, 5]

p q ~p ~q p‫ר‬q ~p ‫~ ר‬q p ‫ ר‬q ֞ (~p ‫~ ר‬q)

p q p‫ר‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q) p‫ש‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q) ֜ (p ‫ ש‬q)

(D) (‫)݌~ ר ݌( ֜ )݌~ ש ݌‬

p ~p p ‫~ ש‬p p ‫~ ר‬p (p ‫~ ש‬p) ֜ (p ‫~ ר‬p)

11. 3HODVVHJXQGDVOHLVGH'H 0RUJDQWHP-VHTXHDSURSRVLomR ~൫‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݍ ฺ )ݔ(݌‬൯ é HTXLYDOHQWH

12. (i) pYHUGDGHLUD

13. 'DVDILUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVDSHQDVDRSomR % pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV

15. $VSURSRVLo}HVSUHVHQWHVQDVDOtQHDVE H I HJ VmRIDOVDV

p q p‫ר‬q ~(p ‫ ר‬q)

p q p֜q ~p ~p ‫ ש‬q (࢖ ฺ ࢗ) ฻ (~࢖ ‫)ࢗ ש‬

p q p‫ר‬q p ‫( ש‬p ‫ ר‬q)

‫‪Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

b) {‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} ^`‫׎ `^ ת‬

39. ‫{ = ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3} B @λ>C = @@

࢖ ࢗ ࢘ ~࢘ ࢖ ֞~࢘ ࢗ‫࢘ר‬ (࢖ ֞ ~ ࢘) ‫)࢘ ר ࢗ( ש‬

41. &RPR(‫ ݌ ר )ݍ ֜ ݎ~( ר )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHDFRQMXQomRGHWUrVSURSRVLo}HV

b) &RPRp ࿙ q pYHUGDGHLUDTXDQGRHDSHQDVTXDQGRp Hq WrPYDORUHVOyJLFRVGLVWLQWRVHQWmRD

&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRa p ࿙ q FRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRa p ࿙ q FRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

(iv) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ֞ q)

a) 6H‫ )ݔ(݌‬é uma FRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHP࣯HQWmR‫࣯ א ݔ׊‬, ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDLVWRp

49. 4XHUHPRVSURYDUTXH SDUDWRGRRQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊݊ଶ pSDUVHHVyVH݊ pSDU

3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2 × ݇ ᇱ (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ )LVWRp݊ଶ pSDU

3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ଴ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2݇ ᇱ + 1 (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ + 2݇)LVWRp݊ଶ é tPSDU

(b) n  (a ) n  b n  a n , SRLVn ptPSDU

(b) n  (a ) n  b n  a n SRLVn pSDU

6. ‫୲ܣ‬୭୲ୟ୪ = 300 ֞ 6ܽଶ = 300 ֞ ܽଶ = 50 ֞ ܽ = ±ξ50

10. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOn ‫ א‬Գ SDUHm ‫ א‬Գ SDU

= 9ξ3 െ 4ξ15 + ξ15 = 9ξ3 െ 3ξ15

13. &RQVLGHUHPRVܽ = 1 Hܾ = 4.

c) 2  4 4  6 8  8 16 2  2u2 22  2u3 23  2u4 24 2  2  2  2 =4 2

17. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYR6HMD‫ ݔ‬DUDL]tQGLFHGHܽ଺ RQGH‫ > ݔ‬0. (QWmR

18. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYRHVHMDP݊, ݉ H‫ ݌‬Q~PHURVQDWXUDLV

ଶ ଶ൫ସାξଷ൯ ଼ାଶξଷ ଼ାଶξଷ ଼ାଶξଷ

Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU 2

13. (‫))ݎ ר ݌( ש )ݍ ר ݌(( ֞ ))ݎ ש ݍ( ר ݌‬TXDLVTXHU TXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVpq Hr

15. ~(p ‫ ש‬q) ֞ (~p ‫~ ר‬q)TXDLVTXHUTXHVHMDPDVSURSRVLo}HVp Hq.

17. p“$$QDpHVFULWRUD” q“$$QDpIDPRVD´

19. $LPSOLFDomR‫ ݍ ֜ ݌‬HQWUHGXDVSURSRVLo}HVpIDOVDDSHQDVQRFDVRHPTXHRDQWHFHGHQWH‫ )݌‬é

20. ൫(‫)ݎ ֜ ݍ( ר )ݍ ֜ ݌‬൯ ֜ (‫ )ݎ ֜ ݌‬pXPDWDXWRORJLD

21. 6DEH-VHTXH‫)ݍ ש ݌~( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬/RJR(~‫)ݍ ש ݌( ֞ )ݍ ֜ ݌‬

22. (‫“ݍ ֜ ݌‬VHpXPQ~PHURSDUHQWmRpGLYLVtYHOSRU”

25. ‫“݌‬$$QDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݍ‬$%HUWDYDLjIHVWD” ‫“ݎ‬2&DUORVYDLjIHVWD”

f) “‫{ ב ݔ‬1, 3, 5, 15}” pXPDH[SUHVVmRSURSRVLFLRQDO

a) “ x 2 1 x 1 ” p XPD SURSRVLomR IDOVD SRLVെ1‫ א‬Թ H െ1)2 = 1 ֞ െ p XPD SURSRVLomR

52. 3DUDSURYDUTXHpIDOVDDSURSRVLomR “TXDOTXHUQ~PHURQDWXUDOTXHVHMDP~OWLSORGHpP~OWLSOR

QHQKXPQ~PHURQDWXUDOk WDOTXH4 = 10 × ݇$VVLPSURYDPRVTXHDSURSRVLomRpIDOVD

53. 6XSRQKDPRV TXH ‫ > ݔ‬8&RPR!WHP-VHWDPEpP‫ > ݔ‬0.

“3 ptPSDU‫ ר‬6 ptPSDU‫ ר‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRIDOVD

60. x {1, 2,3}: 3 x é tPSDU

“3 ptPSDU‫ ש‬6 ptPSDU‫ ש‬ptPSDU” – SURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD

a) 1 ‫ ܤ א‬pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV A B H ‫ܣ א‬

11. 3HODVVHJXQGDVOHLVGH'H 0RUJDQWHP-VHTXHDSURSRVLomR ~൫‫ݔ׊‬, ‫)ݔ(ݍ ฺ )ݔ(݌‬൯ é HTXLYDOHQWH

12. (i) pYHUGDGHLUD

13. 'DVDILUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVDSHQDVDRSomR%pQHFHVVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHLUDSRLV

15. $VSURSRVLo}HVSUHVHQWHVQDVDOtQHDVEHIHJVmRIDOVDV

‫‪Expoente10 'RVVLrGR3URIHVVRU‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

b) {‫ א ݔ‬Գ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ 4 < 0 ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ 36 = 0} ^`‫׎ `^ ת‬

39. ‫{ = ܣ‬0, 1, 2, 3} B @λ>C = @@

41. &RPR(‫ ݌ ר )ݍ ֜ ݎ~( ר )ݍ~ ֜ ݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDHDFRQMXQomRGHWUrVSURSRVLo}HV

b) &RPRp ࿙ q pYHUGDGHLUDTXDQGRHDSHQDVTXDQGRp Hq WrPYDORUHVOyJLFRVGLVWLQWRVHQWmRD

&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

&RPSDUDQGRDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomRap ࿙ qFRPDWDEHODGHYHUGDGH GDSURSRVLomR

(iv) 9DPRVFRQVWUXLUDWDEHODGHYHUGDGHGDSURSRVLomR(p ֞ q)

a) 6H‫ )ݔ(݌‬é uma FRQGLomRXQLYHUVDOHP࣯HQWmR‫࣯ א ݔ׊‬, ‫ )ݔ(݌‬pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUDLVWRp

49. 4XHUHPRVSURYDUTXH SDUDWRGRRQ~PHURQDWXUDO݊݊ଶ pSDUVHHVyVH݊ pSDU

3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2 × ݇ ᇱ (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ )LVWRp݊ଶ pSDU

3RGHPRVHQWmRFRQFOXLUTXHH[LVWH݇ ᇱ ‫ א‬Գ଴ WDOTXH݊ଶ = 2݇ ᇱ + 1 (݇ ᇱ = 2݇ ଶ + 2݇)LVWRp݊ଶ é tPSDU

(b) n (a ) n b n a n , SRLVn ptPSDU

(b) n (a ) n b n a n SRLVn pSDU

10. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOn ‫ א‬Գ SDUHm ‫ א‬Գ SDU

c) 2 4 4 6 8 8 16 2 2u2 22 2u3 23 2u4 24 2 2 2 2 =4 2

17. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYR6HMD‫ ݔ‬DUDL]tQGLFHGHܽ଺ RQGH‫ > ݔ‬0. (QWmR

18. 6HMDܽ XPQ~PHURUHDOSRVLWLYRHVHMDP݊, ݉ H‫ ݌‬Q~PHURVQDWXUDLV

/RJRFRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ9 + 4ξ5 = 2 + ξ5 pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD

/RJRFRQFOXtPRVTXHඥ29 + 12ξ5 = 3 + 2ξ5 pXPDSURSRVLomRYHUGDGHLUD

ܾଶ = 4 1 &RPRܾ ‫ א‬ԺHQWmRܾ ଶ ‫ א‬ԺORJR

12. ÈUHDVRPEUHDGD = ‫୲ܣ‬୰୧୬୥୳୪୭ [஺஻஼] െ ‫ܣ‬ୡÀ୰ୡ୳୪୭

h) 7ξ20 െ ξ45 + 3ξ5 20 2 45

= െξ3 ξ27 = 3ξ3

k) యξ375 െ యξ24 + యξ192 െ యξ81 24 2 192 2 81

$VVLPDiUHD‫ ܣ‬GHFDGDWULkQJXORSRGHVHUGDGDHPIXQomRGH݈ SRU

$VVLP2 + 5‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = (‫ ݔ‬+ 4)(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) െ 2

$VVLP ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ 1 = (‫ ݔ‬െ 1)(‫ ݔ‬ସ + ‫ ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬+ 1)

°b 3 a _ b 3 1 b 4

9HMDPRVVHpUDL]GRSROLQyPLRTXRFLHQWHܳ(‫ )ݔ‬REWLGR ܳ(1) = 1ଶ + 4 × 1 െ 5 = 0

9HULILFD-VHTXHpUDL]GH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬HTXHWDPEpPpUDL]GHQ1( x PDVMiQmRpUDL]GHQ2( x ).

9HULILFD-VHTXH pUDL]GH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬HWDPEpPpUDL]GHQ1( x HGHQ2( x ), P D V M i Q m R p G H Q ( x ).

b) 2WHUPRLQGHSHQGHQWHGHܲ(‫ )ݔ‬pFXMRVGLYLVRUHVVmRെ1, 2, െെെ4, 6, െHെ12.

55. &RPRVHVDEHGDTXHVWmRDQWHULRUpUDL]VLPSOHVGH ‫)ݔ(ܣ‬pXPDUDL]GXSODGH‫ )ݔ(ܣ‬H p

(TXDomRLPSRVVtYHOHPԹRXVHMDRSROLQyPLR8‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2 QmRWHPUDt]HVUHDLV