o FLAGELO DAS SECAS NORDESTINAS: CONDIÇOES SdCIO-ECO-

NOMICAS OBSERVADAS EM 1979 *

1 •

c16vis Cavalcanti **

1. CARACTERlSTICAS DEMOGRÁFICAS

Não se pretendia, no inIcio da pesquisa que deu orl

gem a este artigo, efetuar uma incursio mais pormenorizada so-
bre o perfil do sertanejo oficialmente catalogaao como flage-
\
I

! la~o da seca: o trabalhador inscrito no Programa de Emergência

administrado na sua escala regional pela SUDENE. Ac6ntece que
;':tantoo conhecimento quantitativo a respeito dessa figura de
nordestino é escasso quanto foram poucas as oportunidades em
que, estudando-se uma seca do interior de sua evolução verdadel
ra, foi possivel acumular informações sobre a população vitim!
da. E certo que os clichês com que se tem retratado o tipo de
homem que mais sofre com uma estiagem nao fogem i essência da
descrição do flagelado da seca. Mas isso não basta em termos
da acuidade com que se pode levar a efeito uma investigaç~o
científica. Daí, a inclusão nos resultados do estudo da FUNDAJ"~
de elementos que procuram desenhar as características básicas
do indivíduo cujo sofrimento, quando a crise climática desma~
tela o frágil equilíbrio d~ zona semi-árida do Nordeste~ atrai
~:
" as atenções de todo o país. Os resultados em questão não sUE
preendem, uma vez que evidência de mesma índole foi obtida durante pe~
quisa sobre a seca de 1970 l/o M~s não deixa~ de apontar peculiaridadesdignas

II V. Dirceu Pessoa e Clóvis Cavalcanti,Caráter e Efeitos da Se-

ca Nordestina ~~1970 (Recife, SUDENE-SlRAC,1973), pp. 110
et seqs.
'.1
« * Este artigo é parte de um estudo sobre a seca .nordestina de 1979
que contou, para sua realização no Instituto de Pesquisas Sociais
da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco,com apoio financeiro da Secretaria de
Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado do Ceará e da SUDENE.
** Economista, pesquisador da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco.(FUNDAJ).

1
de atenção e ~evelam a pobreza acentuada em que vive o universo de
pessoas que es'i na base da atividade rural do Sertão.
Chegou próximo de 450 mil. o número total de traba-
1_ adores alistados nas frentes de serviço 2/ do Programa de Emer-
gência em 1979, conforme se ve no Quadro 2.1. Trata-se, esse valor,
de cifra até certo ponto contlda? tendo em vista? por um lado, que
o contigente de individuos em causa representava 4,7 por cento da
populaç~o total atingida pela estiagem nesse ano, contra uma por-
porção de 5D4 por cento observada em ~970 ~/. Por outro lado? em
1970 o Programa de Emerg~ncia foi muito mais elistico, empregando
praticamente toda a mão-de-obra flutuante, enquanto em 1979 o alis-
tamento de trabalhadores obedeceu a limites um tanto rigorosos. he-
vendo sido constatado nos levantamentos de campo da pesquisa aqui
~e_atada casos de pessoas que, ao procurarem os escritórios da Emer-
gência para incluirem seu nome na população atendida, deparavam-se
co~ inscrlçoes que j~ haviam se encerrado ~/. E possível, assim?
q D o volume real de trabalhadores flagelados ultrapassasse os 450
mil individuos, ficando nas cercanias dos niveis de 1958 (550 mil)
~e 1970 (499 mil) 'i./'- De qualquer forma, a ~rea territorial da
se de 1979 (539 mil km2) foi inferior i extens~o alcançada pelo
2
f:agelo de 9 anos antes (578 mil km ), havendo 0?8 flagelados ofi-
_~ais por quil5metro quadrado em 1979, contra 0,9 em 1970. O que se
'p dizer em suma, diante desses nGmeros, ~ que o espaço geogrifi~
o Po1ígono das Secas estava em ambas as ocasiões dominado p Ia
sença maClça de sertanejos sem emprego e i mercê da ajuda gover-
_.a e n t a I .

e-se que a expressão "frentes de serviço" nao possui a mesma

. -0
~ono+-ação da "frentes de obras pGblicas". Os serviços realizados
e:os flagelos da seca de 1979, sob a ~gide do Programa de Emer-
:-~ :a, foram basicamente, como se v~ no Quadro 2.1, em tarefas
~:ga'as ã exploração das propriedades. Apenas uns 5 por cento dos
~ra' a~hadores inscritos no Programa ~ que se agregaram i execução
b!'as pGblicas,
-I 0- ~e .1inistério do Interior, SUDENE - Coordenador ia Regional
~ _esa Civil, Dados Comparativos das Secas no Nordeste de 1958
, Relatório Sucinto (Recife, lO.nov.80, xerox), p.ll.
~I De o' e~tos acerca da quest~o, obtidos no campo:
ão e ins revi porque quando soube não tinha mais vaga."
li.

. o mato quando a gente vem saber de-uma coisa que d~ prá

gente, os outros já têm tomado a frente."
.'ão ev e lugar prá t od o mundo. Só fizeram inscrição três dias."
51 . ini ----erro do Interior, SUDENE - Coordenador ia etc., QJ2 • cit..,
o. i t.
 Quadro 2.1

NORDESTE: TRABALHADORES ~OBILI ZADOS NO PROGRAM.A DE EMERCEN

CIA DA SECA DE 1979, POR dRGÃO EXECUTOR E POR ESTADO - SI-
TUAÇÃO EM 31.0UT.79

Propriedades TTabalhadores B
Estado Órgão- executor
alistadas iI.obilizados A
A B

Ceará Sec.Agricultura 21.573 166.655 7~7

DNOCS 1.947 18.352 8,7 ~/
19 GPT E 6.933
Total 23.520 191.940 7,8 !?/
Piauí Sec.Agricultura 6.244 39.846 6~4
19 GPT E 3.459
Total 6.244 43.305
•
Rio G.Norte Sec.Agricu1tura 14.269 104.834 7,3
Sec.lnt.Justiça 2.100
't.otal 14.269 106.934

Paraíba Sec.Agricultura 7.955 57.694 7?2

Sec.Transp.Com. 202
Total 7.955 57.896
31.982 L1 -,
Pernambuco Sec.Agricultura 7.792 r ,.1

Secretarias Agr. 57.833 401.011 6,9

DNOCS 1.947 18 352
o 8)) 7
r
19 GPT L 10.392
Outros 2.302
Total 59.780 432.057 7,0

ont CDRDECjSUDENE
.t -. !!./ Do total d~ 18.352 homens L L 323 cstavnm em obras públicas, n80 fi~
.. - rando no computo da relaçao .
bj Foi feita a mesma correção da nota a.
 1 a verdade, os numeras do Quadro 2.1 nao expressam t~
•
da a ampli tude de população que a sccu n o i t a . Basta ver, por exe~~
ç

pIo, que os homens perfazem a quase totalidade dos alistamentos

nos serviços do Programa de Emerg~ncin (9b,7 por cento), como dei-
xa perceber o Quadro 2.2, enquanto é sabido que a composlçao da
mão-de-obra rural por sexo comporta-se de maneira muito mais com-
placente quanto i participação das mulheres ~/. Assim~ a dimensão
social do f Lage Lo não está adequadame nt e re t ra t ada no Quadro 2.10
A situação de atendimento a mulheres desempregadas pela seca no
campo não :aria praticamente de estado a estado, como indica o
Quadro 2.2. ,'a verdade, por razões ligadas ao plane de amostrél-
ge da pe q~~sa, as cifras estaduais não possuem o mesmo nível àe
s~~~if·-ação que se atribui ã média para a reg~ão encontrada na
4a e:a. ~pe~as no caso do Cear~, a amostra é significativa ao nI-
'e' ~o e tado. Ai, como no Nordeste, praticamente não se encontra-
Yd re resentantes do sexo feminino exercendo ocupaç6es no imbi-
to __ rograma de Emerg~ncia. Essa é uma caracteristica que denota
a e~_ase ·ada pelo Governo para alistamento priorit~rio e, is ve-
zes , exc i sivo, dos homens, uma po s i c o freqUentemente criticada
à

o o m motivos sólidos, por entrevistados ao longo da pesqul:,

Outra característica do contingente de trabalhadores

a E..ergência é a que o Quadro 2.3 reproduz, ou seja, a predomini~
=a . que tionivel ai, de chefes de família sobre outros alista-
o:. Por idade a distribuição dos flagelados inscritos - como o
re:e_a o Quadro 2.4 - ~ liderada pelo grupo de 25 a 49 anos, com
-0,5 por cento da mão-de-obra empregada pela Emerg~ncia situando-se

6/ ~s dados a respeito são conclusivos. Em 1976, no Brasil como um to

o. segundo a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD),-
a população economicamente ativa no setor rural era integrada de
mu he res em 21,3 por cento (v. IEGE, Indicadores Sociais. Tabelas
3elecionadas 1979, pp. 30-3lT. No .Jordeste rural, em 1979, segundo
ainda a P AD, essa fração era ainda mais elevada: 28,3 por cento
(cf. IBGE, Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - 1979,
'01. 4 - tomo 5, Re g i ào V, p. 11).
7/ rejam-se estes depoimentos, colhidos por pesquisadores no campo:
"Um dos maiores sacrifícios [na seca] é trabalhar sozinho na Emer·-
gên ia para dar de comer a oito pessoas."
liA mulher não se inscreve. Isso aí ~ uma coisa errada. [...] Aqui,
se a mulher não se alista, então o homem devia ganhar mais."
"Se a mulher pudesse se alistar também, era bom."
••
Quadro 2.2

ORDESTE: OMERO E PROPORÇÃO DE TRABALHADORES ALISTADOS

PESQUISADOS, POR SEXO, POR ESTADO - 1979

Estados
Sexo
PI CE RN PB PE -E

Mascu"lino, n9 55 L} 28 20Lf 83 l; 1 811

% 94,8 98~8 91 ,5 100,0 97,6 96~7

Feminino~ n9 3 5 19 1 28

% 5, 2 1. • 2 8 ~5 2.4 3.3

Total. n9 58 433 223 83 LI2 839

% 100,0 100.0 100,0 10O~0 lOO~O 100,0

FONTE: Pesquisa direta da FUNDAJ.

 Quadro 2. ~

.'
NORDESTE: POSIÇÃO DOS lRABALHADORES ALISTADOS
NA FAMíLIA EM ANOS NORMAIS E NA SECA
(porcentagens)

Anos normais Anos de s e ca

~osiç~o do entrevis-
tado
% %

Chefe 70,3 70,8

.1embro dependente 2,5 0,2

Membro contribuinte 25.6 2798

Membro sem contribuir 1, O 0.5

Outro 0,6 0,7

Total 100,0 100,0

--------
FONTE: Pesquisa direta da FUNDAJ.
..
Quad ro 2.-1

NO_DEST~: DISTRIBUIÇÃO por IDAD~ Das 7RAD~LHADORES

ALISTADOS (porcentagens)

Idades POTcentag2<1S
(anos)
------------

14 17 7,0

18 19 10 ,L~

20 24 11,8

25 29 13,0
••
30 39 21 ,1

40 !.~9 16 7 t.~

50 59 13,8

60 e ma1.S 6, L}

Total 100,0

FONTE: Pesquisa direta da FUNDAJ.

ofttb gbj~b/ Ij ubn7Çn vnb qUpqps‚Çp jnqpsubouf )qpvdp nbJT ef
vn rvjoup ep upubm+ ef joejxjevpt nbjpsft ef A2 bopt op fgfujxp
bmjtubep- p rvf cfn dpnqspxb b obuvjfÁb dsjujdb- efdjtjxb- eb
pdvqb‚•p obt gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p qbsb b tpcsfxjxÇodjb ob tfdb ebt
gbnjmjbt tfsubofkbt/ Upebxjb- b dpnqptj‚•p eb qpqvmb‚•p fdpopnj
dbnfouf bujxb )QFB+ rvf p Rvbesp 3/5 f·jcf ftuÇ mpohf ef sfgmf.
ujs p qfsgjm eb gps‚b ef usbcbmip svsbm eb bsfb bujohjeb qfmb
tfdb/ Ef gbup- tf tf upnb dpnp qbes•p ef sfgfs„odjb p qbopsbnb
ptupoubep qfmb QFB fn bujxjebeft bhsjdpmbt op Opseftuf dpnp vn
upep fn 2:8: !1.dpotubub.tf b tfhvjouf tjuvb‚•p;
fousf 2P f 25 bopt /// W n W W 25- h ' eb QFB
W

29 f 2: bopt 1" ‹‹ 11/ 7?6'

36 f 5: bopt
61 bopt f nbjt W nnnnnnnn 1/ mT?:'
"
Ç jt… fm- qpjt- p eftbkvtuf fousf b ejtusjcvj‚•p fu€sjb eb nbp.
ef.pcsb svsbm opseftujob . eb rvbm o•p efxf ejgfsjs b ep tfsu•p
tfnj.•sjep . f b rvf tf fnqsfhb obt gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p )Rvbesp
3 //+/ "ftub ‰mujnb- qps f~fnqmp- f~dmvfn.tf pt nfopsft ef 25 bopt-
rvf sfqsftf/ubn- qps tvb xfÁ- rvbtf vn tÇujnp eb QFB svsbm ep
"bseftuf< f/usf 36 f : bopt ftuj qpvdp nbjt eb nfubef ept bmjtub
ept- r boep /1 ‹ pseftÇf b QFB svsbm t7 bdvtb bj epjt rvjoupt ept
usbcbmibepsft< dpnqbsf fn pt nbjpsft ef 61 bopt )xfs Rvbesp 3/5+ dpn
vn rvjoup ebt j tdsj‚ˆft )31-3 qps dfoup+- dpousb 26-: qps dfoup
op upep ept usbcbmibepsft svsbjt eb sfhjÇp/ B qsftfo‚b ef joejx…
evbt dpn 29 f 2: bopt ef jebef- bÇÇn ejttp- frvjxbmf b mPÇ5 qps
dfoup ept bmjtubept )Rvbesp 3/5+- vnb jnqpsu€odjb sfmbujxb nvjup
tvqfsjps c ep nftnp hsvqp fu•sjp ob QFB svsbm ep Opseftuf )7-6 qps
dfoup+/ OÇp Ç tfn npujxp rvf b qpqvmb‚•p bujohjeb qfmb tfdb bmvef
f ofdfttjebef ep fnqsfhp ef nfopsft ef 25 bopt Ç0- ufouboep gbÁfs

90 Dg/ JCHF- Qftrvjtb Obdjpobm fud/- pq/dju/-Jpd/dju/

:0 F~fnqmpt ãTã dpnfo"ubsjpt pvxjep t ; .....
"P fssp nbjps [ob FnfshÇodjb_ rvf bdip brvj ob Qbsb…cb f p nfoJop
dpn 25 bopt o•p qpefs tf bmjtubs/"
"Ob njoib dbtb t•p tfuf qfttpbt f hboip ef vn 67 eb FnfshÇodjb
obp ej qs€ tvtufoubs/" /
"FÇ qsfufsjb rvf b FnfsÇÇÇtjb/ujxfttf cpubep dsjbo‚Ç ef opxf bopt
Ç usÇcbmibs- qpsrvf 42 Lb bLvebxb b hfouf/ Vnb dsJbo‚b bf opxf
bopt kb gbÁ vnb dpjxbso- vn bkvoubnfoup ef hbmip/2!
" p dbtp ebt gbn…mjbt dpn tfuf- pjup gjmipt- b FnfshÇodjb dmfxjb
bmjtubs pt gjmipt ef 24 bopt b nbjt- pv fou•p tf pt gjmipt gpttf
uvep ef nfops jebef- ebs vnb bkveb bp difgf; qbhbs nbjt b fmf/"
"Fttb tfcãÓeW [ef usbcbmibepsftjotdsjupt_cfofgjdjpvobjt bt gbnjmS/u[ hsboeft
dpn gjmipt bdjnb ef 25 bopt/"
xfs pt qspcmfnbt rvf efdpssfn ef tvb f~dmvt•p ep Qsphsbnb ef Fnfs.
hÇodjb/ Qpef.tf bmfhbs rvf p pckfujxp eftuf o•p fsb p ef ofvusbmj
Ábs upeb b eftpdvqb‚•p pdbtjpobeb qfmb tfdb- f tjn gbÁfs dpn rvf
bt gbn…mjbt gmbhfmbebt o•p tvdvncjttfn ef gpnf/ Op fouboup- o•p
tf qpef ftrvfdfs eb ejnfot•p ef qpcsfÁb rvf h vn ept busjcvupt
ept usbcbmibepsft rvf b tfdb sfujsb ef tfvt bgbÁfsft spujofjspt/
• ofttf tfoujep rvf p Qsphsbnb dpnfuf vnb jokvtuj‚b- dpogpsnf tf
qpef qfsdfcfs fn efqpjnfoup k• djubep- poef tf f~qˆf rvf "usbcb.
mibs tpÁjoip ob FnfshÇodjb" qbsb bmjnfoubs pjup qfttpbt sfqsftd;Ç
ub "vn ept nbjpsft tbdsjg…djpt"/ Sftjef b… b obuvsfÁb eftfrvjmjcs/à;/
eb ep tpdpssp hpxfsobnboubm- bp o•p qpttvjs gmf~jcjmjebef qbsb us/à;/
ubs ef dbtpt fn rvf ebs dpnjeb b gbn…mjbt ovnfsptbt dpssftqpoef
b fopsnf tbdsjg…djp/
Dpnp fsb ef tf qsftvnjs- bobmgbcfupt pv tfnj.bobmgb.
cfupt potujuvfn p nbjps ftusbup eb gps‚b ef usbcbmip fnqsfhbeb
qf b FnfshÇodjb- ibkb xjtub rvf 85-4 qps dfoup . usÇt rvbsupt . ept
bmjtubept )xfs Rvbesp 3/6+ rvboep nvjup bttjobn p opnf/ Bqfobt 7-5
qps dfoup efttb qpqvmb‚•p mÇ f ftdsfxf cfn/ Usbub.tf- qpsuboup- ef
vn hsvqp f nbshfn ep qsphsfttp tpdjbm- dpogjobep ~t btqfsfÁbt eb
.xjeb op tfsu•p/ Nbt ef vn hsvqp dvkp bqfhp bp bncjfouf- ~t sbjÁft
ufmHsjdbt- pv dvkb bxfst•p bp sjtdp tvqfsb- dpnp p buftub p Rvbesp
3/7- b ofdf tt jebef ef qspdvsb s nfmips jb ef xjeb fn pvusbt qbsbhfot
edcb Dpn fgfjup- fttft joejx…evpt- nftnp ejbouf eb tfdb- qsfgfsfn
o•p njhsbs epjt ufs‚pt ebt xfÁft/ Tfn tfdb- nfopt ef vn eƒdjnp ef
qfttpbt ƒ rvf dphjubsjbn ef cvtdbs pvusp mpdbm ef npsbejÇ/ F pt
rvf benjufn tbjs fnqvsbept qfmb ftujbhfn- t† p gbsjbn efgjojujxb.
nfouf- ef bdpsep dpn p Rvbesp 3/7- fn 38-6 qps dfoup ept dbtpt/
B njhsb‚•p ufn dpnp npujxp c•tjdp )xfs Rvbesp 3/8+ b qspdvsÇ gpsÇ
ef nfmipsft pqpsuvojebeft pv b gbmub ef tfsxj‚p op mpdbm )92-4
qps dfoup ebt sftqptubt+/ F b o•p.njhsb‚•p )xfs Rvbesp 3/9+ ef2f.
tf cbtjdbnfouf b rvbusp gbupsft; eftfkp ef o•p bcboepobs p upss•p
q•usjp )4:-5 qps dfoup ebt sftqptubt+- o•p ibxfs ofdfttjebef )33-7
qps dfoup+- gbmub ef nfjpt qbsb b xjbhfn )27-3 qps dfoup+ f dsfo‚b
ef rvf fn rvbmrvfs mvhbs b tjuvb‚•p ƒ b nftnb pv qjps ):-5 qps dfo

210 Fjt usÇt efqpjnfoupt tvhftujxpt b fttf sftqfjup;

"Tf bqbsfdfs vnb ej•sjb ef 26 fn 26 ejbt fv o•p bssjcp L3s•db‚bs fnqsfhp/
Ufoep brvj p dpnfs nbm- fv o•p tbjp/\ \
"Hsb‚bt b Efvt- p Hpxfsop nboepv fttb Fnfsh„odjb f obp qsfdjtpv opt bssjcbs
ebrvj/"
"Rvboep fv xj rvf pt /!fnqpo•p jb njpU•- qfotfj fn db‚bs tfsxj‚p fn Csbt…mjb/
Nbt tf fv tpvcfttf rvf brvj op "Qjbvmubxb dipxfoep- fv xpmubxb dpssfoep-
2 V
qpsrvf brvm f nfv /Mvhbs/
n . -
 Z(

Rvbesp 316

OPSEFTUF; HSBV EF JOTUSVíêP EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT

BMJTUBEPT )qpsdfoubhfot+

.......................................................
Hsbv ef jotusv‚Çp Qpsdfoubhfot

Bobmgbcfup 3:-5

Bttjob p opnf

M„ f ftdsfxf dpn ejgjdvm.

ebef 27-1

M„ f ftdsfxf cfn ~I ti

gqpromtqu q rsnplsnq 3-7

Pvusp 1-7

Upubm 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

 Rvbesp 317

OPSEFTUF; EFTFLP EF FNJHSBS F DBSéUFS EB

NJHSBíjY EPT USBCB///-IBEPS/=T
BMJTUBEPT
)qpsdfoubhfot+

Ftqfdjgjdb‚•p
....t/t.................
Eftfkp ef njhsbs ejbouf eb tfdb

Tjn 43-6
O•p 78-6
Upubm 211-1

Tf tjn

Efgjojujxbnfouf 38-T
Ufnqpsbsjbnfouf E 8 XA
Upubm 211-1

Joufo‚•p ef tbjs- nftnp tfn tfdb

Tjn :-6
O•p :1-T
Upubm mPPÇP

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL /

000
 Rvbesp 3/8

t(

PSEFTUF; NPUJXPT QBSB NJHSBíêP EPT USBCBMCB.

EPQFT BMJTUBEPT )qpsdfoubhfot+

Npujxp eb oST2/1sbdbp Qpsdfoubhfot

*" X
00
0_0

Bnqbsbs b gbn…mjb

Gbmub e(jhvb f0pv bmjnfoup 24-6

Gbmub ef tfsxj‚p 38-9

Qspdvsb ef nfmipsft pqpsuv

ojebeft àã usbcbmip 64-6

Pvusp 4-8

Upubm 211/1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

 59

00
Rvbe p 3/9

OP-EFTUF; NPUJXPT EP OêP.EFTFLP EF FNJHSBS

EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT EJBOU( EB TFDÇ
)qpsdfoubhfod+

...............................................a/a..............
Obujxpt '

BXT rvfsfs bcboepobs p mpdbm

fn rvf xjxf

Gbmub àã epdvnfoupt f0pv ejoifj

sp qbsb xjbkbs 27-3

BXT ipvxf ofdfttjebef 33-7

Ftu• bdptuvnbep dpn tfdb 4-:

Fn rvbmrvfs mvhbs b tjuvb‚•p

f b nftnb pv qjps

Bobmgbcfujtnp 2-3

Gbnjmjb ovnfsptb

Bssjnp ef gbn…mjb 2/2

Pvusp 2-7

•p sftqpoefv 3-6

Upubm

......................................................../...................
GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/
up+ / b sfbmjebef- hfsbmnfouf p tfsubofkp sftjtuf P jeŒjb ef nmhsbs-
nftnp rvboep efgspouf ef dpoej‚ˆft bexfstbt- dpogpsnf tf eftubdb
oftuf usfdip . u…qjdp . ef dpoxfstb upn sbqbÁ ef gbnjmjb ef qfrvf.
op qsp jfu•sjp f qbs fjspd pn<Ã d~qdsmdodL/4 ed k• ufs jvp b t•p
Qbv p fmT xfÁft;
mjB djebef hsboef tfnqsf pgfsfdf n42T pqpsuvojebef/ Bhpsb-
b hfouf h bqfhbep bp mvhbs [fn_ rvf obtdf/ Fmf h tfnqsf
p nfmips ep nvoep- nftnp ovnb xjeb ef ejgjdvmebef- dpnp b
opttb/"
Pvusb fxje„odjb ftdmbsfdfepsb b sftqfjup ep nftnp ufsob h ftub pctfs.
jgb‚bp ef vn usbcbmibeps tfn ufssb- rvf kj xjxfv usÇt bopt fn TÇp
Qbvmp fnqsfhbep dpnp tfsxfouf;
NPi xjeb fn T/Qbvmp tpcsf p hboip h nvjup cpb/ Tpcsf b dpo.
xjx„odjb [Ibttbmubouft- uspncbeb ef dbssp"_ h nvjup sv P n//"
Rvboup P eftujob‚•p ept rvf qfotbn fn njhsbs- jogps.
nb p Çvbesp 3/: vnb qsfgfs„odjb nbjps qfmb nvebo‚b ebt qfttpbt qb.
sb bt sfhjˆft Opsuf f Opseftuf- f qbsb p joufsjps pv b dbqjubm ep
qs7qsjp ftubep ef psjhfn ep joejx…evp/ Fttft us„t -52013 L Opsuf
Opseftuf f nftnp ftubep . ep gmv~p njhsbu7sjp dphjubep tpnbn
57-2 qps dfoup ebt bmufsobujxbt dpotjefsbebt- dpousb 45-9 qps dfo.
up ebt sfhjˆft Tvm f Tveftuf f 7-: qps dfoup ep Dfousp.Pftuf/ B xf.
(sjgjdb‚•p op Rvbesp 3/: ef rvf nbjt ef vn rvbsup )37-1 qps dfoup+
ebt qfttpbt o•p qfotbn fn tbjs ep tfv ftubep obubm- e• cfn vnb nf.
ejeb ep gbup ef rvf p gmbhfmbep o•p ufnf b tfdb/ Fttb dbsbdufs…tuj.
db h vn qpoup qbsb sfgmf~•p dpn xjtubt f qsfqbsb‚•p ef qsphsbnbt
ejsjhjept qbsb b rvftu•p tpdjbm ebt qfsj†ejdbt dsjtft dmjn•ujdbt ep
tfsu•p tfnj.•sjep/ Fmb joejdb vnb ufoe„odjb- vnb ejtqptj‚•p- ep opÇ.
eftujop- rvf ofn tfnqsf- upebxjb- f nbufsjbmjÁbeb- vsob xfÁ rvf- tf.
hvoep p Rvbesp 3/21- p eftujop nbjt qspdvsbep ebt qfttpbt dpoifdjebt
ept fousfxjtubept rvf fnjhsbsbn qps dbvtb eb tfdb t•pÇ jofrvjxpdb.
nfouf- bt sfhmpft Tvm f Tveftuf/ Qpvdpt xbp qbsb p Dfousp.Pftuf
)24-: qps dfoup+- efnboebn p Opsuf f p Opseftuf )24-5 qps dfoup+ pv
tf fo bnjoibn qbsb pvuspt qpoupt ep ftubep ef sftje„odjb )8:7 qps
dfoup/ /Jbt pt usbcb mibepsf 6 t•p ub~ bu P xpt rvboep sfxf Jbn pt mpdbjt
qsfgfsjept qbsb xjxfs; hptubsjbn gvoebnfoubmnfouf ef o•p ufs ef
tbjs ep tfv tjujp ef epnjdjmjp psjhjobm- dpnp efnpotusb p Rvbesp 3/22/
Dpn fgfjup- nftnp ibxfoep tfdb- 55-7 qps dfoup ebt qfttpbt ejÁfn
rvfsfs dpoujovbs ofttf mpdbmp Pvuspt 37-8 qps dfoup dpoejdjpobn b

. 00
t// *" .. 0.. .. 0 tt /t..
tt 0
 ,r

Rvbesp 3/:

P/EFTUF; MPDBM EF EFTUJOP EFTFLBEP QFMPp USBCBMIB.

EPSFT BMJTUBEPT RVF QFOTBSBN FN NJHSBS
)qpsdfoubhfot+

......................................
Eftujop

SfhjÇft Tvm f Tveftuf 45-9

Sfhj•p Dfousp.PftuÇ 7-:

SfhjÇft Opsuf f Opseftuf

Dbqjubm ep Ftubep 6-:

Joufsjps ep Ftubep 31-2

Rvbmrvfs mvhbs rvf ufoib

tfsxÇ‚p f0pv •hvb 6-:

Pvusp 1/5
O•p tbcf 6-:

Upubm 211-1

.................................
GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/
 Rvbesp 3/21

OPSEFTUF; EFTUJOP NBJT GSFRVFOUF EF QFTTPBT

DP(IFDJEBT EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT RVF
F"JHSBSB QPS DBVTB EB TFDB
)qpsdfoubhfot+

>

> .

Mpdb!/

.....................................................
SfhjˆÇt Tvm f Tveftuf 74-7
>
>

Sfhj•Ç Dfousp.Pftuf 24-:

Sfhjˆft Opsuf f Opseftuf 24 W 46

Dbqjubm ep Ftubep 4/:

Joufsjps ep Ftubep

O•p tbcf 5 :4

Pvusp

Upubm 211-1

.........................a/a......................................
GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/
 / Rvbesp 3/22

PSEFTUF; QSFGFSFODJBT SFXFMBEBT QFMPT USBCBMIBEPSFT

0!
BMJTUBEPT RVB UP B XJXFS PV OêP OP MPDBM POEF SFTJEFN-
QPS FTUBEP )qpsdfoubhfot+

Ftubept
Qsfgfs„odjbt
>X
QJ D("_000 SO QC QF OF >
)(
. 00 PQ
Dpoujovb s op 21db2Ç SMU !
np ibxfoep tfdb 57-7 62-6 48/3 33Ç: 63-5 55-7 V

Dpoujovbs op mpdbm- eft X

RP
ef rvf eftbqbsf‚bn pt NN
H
hsboeft qspcmfnbt dbv. .
I.

tbept qfmb tfdb 42-1 8@R.J 34-4 4:-9 41-: 37-8

Js fncpsb qbsb p dfousp

nn
vscbop mpdbm 4-5 4/6 :-1 8 [ ec 3-5 *66 9

X Js fncpsb qbsb vn dfo.

Z Z W vscbop nbÇps op
Opseftuf 2-8 4-: 4-7 4-7 4-5.

Js fncpsb qbsb p AK/

sboi•p pv b BnbÁ‡ojb 2/8 3-2 4-7 I1 */ I. */ 3-6

Js fncpsb qbsb W tvm

ep Csbtjm 24-9 23-1 28-6 33-: 8-2 44c/.4i

O•p tbcf 2-8 1-8 4-2 4-7 3-5 2/9

Pvusp (
00@ .
U/ ,0X 3/8 I. */ 3-5 2-9

Upubm 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL /

 "

qfsnbo„odjb fn tvb Çfssb b tvqfsb‚bp ept hsboeft qspcmfnbt efdpssfo.

uft ebt mpohbt ftujbhfot/ F tpnfouf 25-5 qps dfoup benjufn bcfsub.
00 nfouf p eftfkp ef fnjhsbs qbsb p Tvm /
Vnb ebt ubsfgbt nbjt dpnqmjdbebt qbsb rvfn
ftuveb b sfbmjebef svsbm- qsfufoefoep vtbs ub~popAjbt rvf jefoujgjÇ
rvfn dbufhpsjbt ef usbcbmibepsft? qbsujdvmbsnfouf op vojxfstp ivnb.
op ef jnqsfdjtbt gspoufjsbt ep TfsuÇp- Ç dmbttjgjdbs b n•p.ef.pcsb
qps pdvqb‚•p qsjodjqbm f pvusbt pdvqb‚ˆft/ Op ejÁfs ef Ejsdfv QfttpbÇ
af
dpoxfojfouf tf eftubdbs- fn qsjnfjsp mvhbs- b gsfrVfo.
uf dpf~jtu„odjb ef ftubuvupt xbsjbept ef usbcbmibepsft fn
vnb nftnb sfh P eW f buƒ fn vnb 22mftq23
q spq s P debef -
JmSfhjtusb.tf ubncƒn dpn nvjub/gsfrVÇodjb vnb dfsub qpmjxb.
mÇodjb ef pdvqb‚ˆft dpnp nfdbojtnp Çd UfhvmbsjÁb‚•p ep fn.
qÇfhp f eb sfoeb/ Bttjn- qps f~fnqmp- vn qfrvfop qspq!jf.
ubsjp qpef tfs bp nftnp ufnqp vn qbsdfjsp pv bssfoebub.
sjpaef vnb qfrvfob F4sdfmb dpnqmfnfou3a f fnqsfhbep ufn.
qbsbsjb fn vn mbujgvoejp/ 220 R>

Dpn b dpotdj„odjb efttb ejgjdvmebef _0 h rvf tf ufoub op Rvbesp 3/23

pgfsfdfs vn jotuboujofp ebt dbsbdufsjtujdbt cjtjdbt eb qpqvmb‚•p b.
mjtubeb obt gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p op updbouf jt pdvqb‚ˆft f~fsdjebt/ Ef.
xf.tf bmfsubs rvf p Rvbesp 3/23 nbqfjb b n•p.ef.pcsb fn ufsnpt eb
tjuvb‚€p fn rvf fmb tf fodpousbxb op npnfoup eb fdmpt•p eb tfdb- vnb
xfÁ rvf t† vn ftuvep nbjt efujep qpefsjb qspqpsdjpobs p qfsgjm eb QFB
bp mpohp ep dbmfoe•sjp bhs…dpmb/ Qps pvusp mbep- p qfsgjm usb‚bep
dpotujuvj bqsp~jnb‚•p ep qbopsbnb dpodsfup- fn xjsuvef eb jnqpttjcj.
mjebef ef- fn vnb fo us fx P t V b rvf dpotpnf nfopt ef evbt ipsbt f ft.
u• joufsfttbeb ovn spt•sjp ef rvftuˆft- tfqbsbs.tf dpn ojujefÁ p f.
mfodp ef bujxjebeft rvf dbeb fousfxjtubep eftfnqfoib/ UbmxfÁ qps jt.
tp tfkb f~usfnbnfouf bmub b jodje„odjb- op Rvbesp 3/23- ef joejx….
evpt tfn pvusb pdvqb‚•p bmÇn eb qsjodjqbm )88-4 qps dfoup+; Ç rvf obp
tf q‡ef pcufs jogpsnb‚•p rvf qfsnjujttf- op npnfoup eb fousfxjtub- ef.
gjojs pdvqb‚ˆft tfdvoe•sjbt qbsb p fousfxjtubep/
Eftdpoubept pt jofxju•xfjt tfopft rvf tf mo.
gjmusbn ob ubcfmb fn fq…hsbgf2 h dbufh†sjdb b dpodmvt•p ef rvf b tf.

220 Ejs fv ib Qfttpb- Eftfoxpmxjnfoup Svsbm ep Opseftuf ep Csbtjm/

Qbsuf > / P Tjtuf2mm4mUgÇ"Ã2bdspsoddssf-JGÇ..bu+sjm ef 2:8:- ~fsp~+-
X/ 79/
230 DpotdjÇodjb sfgps‚beb qps ftuvept ef dbtp sfbmjÁbept qbsbmfmbnfo.
uf bp mfxboubnfoup ef ebept qps rvftujpo•sjpt- rvf e• dpoufHep
jt ubcfmbt ep qsfdfouf dbq…uvmp/ Ob xfsebef- h tpnfouf busbxƒt
ef dpoxfstbt efnpsbebt f sfqfujebt dpn b qpqvmb‚•p rvf tf eftdp.
csfn bt ovbo‚bt ef tvb dpoej‚•p pdvqbdjpobm/ Fn tfuf dbtpt ftuv.
ept qfmb qftrvjtbepsb Nbsjb Bv~jmjbepsb Mjot Qpouft- qps f~fnqmp-
bqfobt vnb xfÁ bqbsfdf vn usbcbmibeps rvf ftufkb fn vnb t† dpo.
ej‚•p pdvqbdjpobm . b ef qbsdfjsp/
 Rvbesp 3123 (

;PaEÇTU4; PDVQBíêP QSJODJQBM F PVUSBT PDVQBíúFT

EPT Ça CBMIBEPSFT BMJTUMEPT- +*, UJQP EÇ PDVQB.
)qpsdfoubhfot+

iÓ]XW jZSVÓSXuT i] V _ u[ iÓ]Xugmã[

Çj p ef
.
pdvqb‚bp
.....t/t...
db N mbhfmb qsjodjqbmnfouf bhsjdvmupsft o•p.qspqsjfu•sjpt; 86-2
qps dfoup ept jotdsjupt op Qsphsbnb ef Fnfsh„odjb ftu•p ofttb db
ufhps jb- vsob q spqp s bp rvf- fn 2:81- gp j ef 7:-4
g qps dfoup 55010r/(!//
2f vcm"oibs rvf p Rvbesp /23 o•p jefoujgjdb pt ujqpt ef o•p.qsp.
qsjfu•sjpt fodpousbept op Tfsu•p bttbmbsjbept- bssfoebu•sjpt- gpsfj
spt- qbsdfjspt- qpttfjspt- npsbepsft/ pnjtt•p gpj joufodjpobm-
fn xjs;vef eb qspcmfn•ujdb mbt jgjdb‚•p ef bhsjdvmupsft rvf qmbo.
ubn ef nfjb- bssfoebn ufssb- e•p ejbt ef usbcbmip bmvhbep fud/Ç gb
Áfoep uvep jttp tjnvmubofbnfouf/ Fousf pt o•p.qspqsjfu•sjptÇ fn
2:81- b ejtusjcvj‚•p ep fnqsfhp ob Fnfsh„odjb qpttvjb b tfhvjouf
dpoÇjhvsb‚•p 250;
bttbmbsjbept /////////‹//// 23-3'
bssfoebu•sjpt / E. 8
gpsfjspt / 3-9
qbsdfjspt / 71-:
qpttfjspt / 4-9
ompsbepsft / 24-2
o•p.qspqsjfu•sjpt / 211-1
UbmxfÁ obp tf qpttb bsnbs ejxjt•p u•p qsfdjtb ef dmbttft ef usbcb
mibepsft tfn ufssb/ Nbt Ç fxjefouf . sfttbmub eb f~qfsj„odjb ef dpÇ
xjxjb dpn p mbxsbeps tfsubofkp . rvf pt qbsdfjspt dpssftqpoefn ob
•sfb ef tfdb bp nbjps dpoujohfouf ef o•p.qspqsjfu•sjpt/ T† rvf vn
qbsdfjsp rvbtf ovodb h t† qbsdfjsp; fmf nvmujqmjdb.tf qpmjxbmfouf.
nfouf fn tjnvmu€ofbt dpoej‚ˆft pdvqbdjpobjt/ Qpef.tf bgjsnbs- tfn
fncbshp- rvf fmf tfs• tpcsfuvep qbsdfjsp/ P jnqpsubouf- qpsƒn- op
Rvbesp 3/23- Ç dpotububs rvf b qpqvmb‚•p gmbhf2beb qfmb tfdb op
m(pseftuf tf dpotujuvj ovdmfbsnfouf ef dbnqpoftft tfn xjodvmp ef
qspqsjfebef svsbm . nvjup fncpsb- nbjt vsob xfÁ- xbmib b eHxjeb rvbÇ
up P f~buje•p ept ebept jogpsnbept- qpjt o•p h jnqspx•xfm rvf efo.
usp ep dpoujohfouf ef o•p.qspqsjfu•sjpt ep Rvbesp 3/23 f~jtubn
brvfmft rvf qpttvjs•p bmhvnbt hmfcbt ef tpmp/ Ftubt- upebxkb ufs•p
rvbtf tfnqsf ejnfotˆft o•p t† qfrvfobt- dpsop buƒ njoHtdv2bt/
B fttf sftqfjup- p Rvbesp 3/23 qspqpsdjpob jofrv…xpdb
dpnqspxb‚bp eb obuvsfÁb njojgvoejtub rvf f~jcfn pt usbcbmibepsft
qspqsjfu•sjpt jotdsjupt ob Fnfsh„odjb/ Rvfn dpoifdf b sfbmjebef ep
Tfsu•p tbcf nvjup cfn rvf jn†xfjt svsbjt efttb Ápob dpn nfopt ef
31 ifdubsft . f buƒ bcbj~p ef 211 fn joHnfspt dbtpt . sfqsftfoubn
•sfbt ef ubnboip cbtubouf sfevÁjep qLsb f~qmpsb‚•p bhs…dpmb tbujt.

240 X/ Ejsdfv Qfttpb f Dm†xjt Dbxbmdbouj- pq/dju/- q/mJm/

250 JLfn- jcjefn/
gbu7sjb qps vnb gbnjmjb/ Qpjt cfnÇ 6:-: qps dfoup . usÇt rvjoupt
. ept qspqsjfujsjpt fnqsfhbept qfmb FnfshÇodjb )xfs Rvbesp 3/24+
qpttvfn op nj~jnp 31 ifdubsft- dpn vnb jsfb nƒejb qfsufodfouf
)
bpt qspevupsft efttf ftusbup )1.31 ib+ ef 8Ç4 ib op Opseftuf dÇ
np vn upep/ Efttb gpsnb- 98-2 qps dfoup Ç0 ept usbcbmibepsft
ef gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p fn 2:8: fsbn qfrvfopt qspqsjfu•sjpt f dbn.
qpoftft tfn ufÇsb/ B qspqps‚•p qpef tfs buƒ bmbshbeb tf gpsfn
jodmvjept ofttf hsvqp nvjupt ept epopt ef h2fcbt tvqfsjpsft b
31 ib rvf o•p qbttbn ef bvuÇou;dpt njojgvoej•sjpt/ Ob xfsebef- p
joÇfsxbmp ef 32 b 211 ib op Rvbesp 3/24 ufoef b tfs qpxpbep qps
ftubcfmfdjnfoupt ef qfrvfop qpsufÇ ibkb xjtub rvf b •sfb nƒejb
bJ pmijeb Ç ef 61-9 ib/ Bttjn- vmusbqbttb gpmhfebnfouf ept :1
qps dfoup p xpmvnf ef qfrvfopt qspqsjfu•sjpt f usbcdmibepsft tfd
ufssb rvf p Qsphsbnb ef FnfshÇodjb bctpsxf opt tfvt fgfujxpt/ Ç
fttb- tfn e‰xjeb- b ftt„odjb eb nbttb ivnbob rvf b tfdb ubohf ef
tfv njtufs ibcjuvbm qbsb p ftrvfnb bttjtufodjbmjtub qspxjep qfmbt
gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p/
Oftubt- dpogpsnf tf xf op Rvbesp 3/25- fnqsfhbn.tf
Jb sbepsft rvf opsnbmnfouf u„n tpc tvb sftqpotbcjmjebef . rvboep
dpouspmbn- tpc qbsdfsjb- bssfoebnfoup- gpsp fud/- bmhvn qfeb‚p
ef ufssb . jsfbt ef ejnfot7ft bdboibebt/ Ef gbup- rvbtf us„t rvbs.
upt )84-9 qps dfoup+ efttf dpoujohfouf ef xjujnbt eb tfdb benjojt.
usbn op nj~jnp 6 ifdubsft- sfhjtusboep.tf vnb nƒejb sfhjpobm ef
8-1 ib op upubm ept usbcbmibepsft- dpn qfrvfobt ejtdsfq•odjbt
op qbopsbnb b ogxfm ef ftubep )xfs Rvbesp 3/25+/ Pv tfkb- pt qbs
dfjspt- gpsfjspt; npsbepsft- sfoefjspt fud/ rvf x•p qbsb p Qsphs!
nb ef Fnfsh„odjb- pqfsbn dpn cbtf ejnjovub ef sfdvstpt bhsjsjpt-
tfn nfjpt- qpsuboup- qbsb fogsfoubs dpn eftfoxpmuvsb n…ojnb p jn.
qbdup ef vnb sfdƒtt•p dmjn•ujdb/ Fttft nftnpt joejx…evpt- qps pv.
usp mbep- fncpsb sftjebn- op upubm- fn qspqsjfebeft dvkb •sfb nf.
ejb ƒ ef 2:3-5 ib )xfs Rvbesp 3/26+- qpttvfn epnjd…mjp qsfepnjobÇ
ufnfouf fn jn†xqjt ef buƒ 211 ifdubsft/ Dpn fgfjup- bcbj~p eftuf

260 Ftub djgsb h p sftvmubep eb tpnb ef 86-2 qps dfoup )usbcbmibep.

sft o•p.qspqsjfu•sjpt ep Rvbesp 3/23+ dpn p qspevup ef 31-2 qps
dfoup )usbcbmibepsft qspqsjfu•sjpt ep Rvbesp 3/23+ qps 6:-: qps
dfoup )qspqsjfu•sjpt rvf qpttvfn buƒ 31 ib ef ufssb ep Rvbesp
3/24+/ Pv tfkb- 1-982=1-862,)1-312~P-6::+/
 Rvbesp 3124

OPSEFTUF; éSFB NÇEJB EF UFSSB QFSUFODFOUF BPT

USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT QSPQSJFUêSJPTÇ qbv JO.
UFSXBMP EF éSFB

.00_

ésfb nfejb )• u , Opseftuf-

Joufsxbmpt
' ep o|Jof
)• u ,
sp ef jo=
ef bsfb
SO gpsnbouft
QJ DF QC QF OF

i 31 9-8 7/2 9/9 6-3 8 /9 8-4 6:-:

n
32 . 211 41-1 64-4 *66/5 55-5 61-9 43-4

212 . 611 218-1 2:7-8 29:-9 8-9

612 ã nbm/T

Upubm 34-8 59-3 28Ç8 6/ 3 27-3 46-7 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

 Rvbesp 3/25

-bSEFTUF; éSFB NFEJB EF UFSSB TPC SFTQPOTBCJMJEBEF (

JSFUB EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT OêP.QSPQSJFUê.

JbT F êP.BTTBMBSJBEPT- QPS JOUFSXBMPT EF êSFB-
QP aa ÇTs.(BEP . 2:89/

............
Joufsxbmpt ef .
u?/ãu ,OK-

76cc~ [ 3-2 6-2 . 9-2 / 22-2 . 31-2 f

Y 3-1 6-1 9-1 22-1 31-1 nbjt
Upubm

L\
t / Ó?/
/ X 4-6 7-4
. 2-2 :-1 26-1 9:-1 7-8

tMKLLL/^ 2-2 4-3 7-1 21-: 26-2 267-: 8-3

_
_ uVàã ep Opsuf 2-6 4-9 7-: 21-6 TS`-6 63-4 8-:
X0
J <X<000_00 2-5 4-: 7"8 :-4 27-4 41-1 6-5

?f=Ç.dp 2-6 4-1 7-1 21-1 23-1 4-6

0seft
0 f 2-3 4-5 7-4 21-7 26-2 :9-5 8-1

W ep V:
a..;;;.dft;;;f/ ef
;(;;;;ps/;;b
uft 57-6 38-4 mm-8 7-8 5-5 4-5 211-1

ait.AA? Qftrvjtb ejsfub LK GVOEBL/

 Rvbesp 3/26

OPSEFTUF; éSFB NÇEJB EBT QSPQSJFEBEFT P EF

NPSBN PT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT QPS JOUFS
XBMb EF êSFB- QPS FTUBEP/

ésfb nfejb )• u , Opseftuf-

Joufs/xbmpt
' ep o}nf
àã bsfb ,O u , sp ef jo=.
gpsnbouft
QJ DF SO Dl QF OF

i 31 :-6 9-1 :-9 7-3 21-5 9-8 43-2

/ 32 211 66-7 67-9 63-9 67-: *t&I} 66-3 48-7

nn 212 611 334-6 33:-1 373-5 2/:9-3 mM/8-P 336-9 33-1

612 f nbÇt 2/268-1 2/ 651- P 2/145-3 2/613-6 2/552-1 9-4

Upubm 332-7 352-/6 :8-2 362-1 61-7 2:3-5 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

6mujnp nbsdp fodpousb.tf b npsbejb ef nbmT ef epjt ufs‚pt )7:-8
qps dfoup+ ept fousfxjtubept- ef bdÇsep dpn b jogpsnb‚•p ep Rvb.
esp 3/26/ Bqfobt 9-4 qps dfoup ept (joejx…evpt Ç bjoeb dpogpsnf b
nftnb ubcfmb- qpefn tfs dpotjefsbept dpnp npsbepsft ef hsboeft
ftubcfmfajnfoupt/ Fttb dpotubub‚•p qbufoufjb b dbsbdufsjÁb‚•p ef
rvf b tfdb ƒ vn gfo‡nfop rvf bujohf gpdbmnfouf b qpqvmb‚•p eft.
qspxjeb ef sfdvstpt ep Tfsu•p /-//
eftqspxjeb buƒ eb >Rqspuf‚•p"
rvf vnb hsbq.ef qspqsjfebef- ~t sfÁft- pgfsfdf b tfvt Çftjefouft
270/ ubt Ç•p tf efxf ftrvfdfs b ufoe„odjb ef bopt sfdfo.
uft- ef o•p dpnqspnfujnfoup ept epopt ef ufssb dpn npsbepsft- ef
xjep bpt ejsfjupt dsjbept qfmp Ftubuvup eb Ufssb qbsb b n•p.ef.
pcsb dbnqftjob/ Efttb gpsnb- hsboeft q spq s P f \ dZ jpt ufoefn dbeb xfÁ
nbjt b obp bctpsxfs usbcbmibepsft gj~pt fn o‰nfspt bqsfdj•xfjt/
B qsÇtfo‚b ef npsbepsft ef hsboeft ftubcfmfdjnfoupt op Qsphsbnb ef
Fnfsh„odjb fn gsb‚•p ejnjovub qpef- qpsuboup- sfgmfujs ubm gfo‡.
nfop/

TFDB; 2:8:

Vnb qsjnfjsb jnqsftt•p ep jnqbdup fdpo7njdp rvf b hsbÇ

ef Çtujbhfn ef 2:8: qspxpdpv obt tvbt xgujnbt nbjt fgfujxbt qpef
tfs f~usbgeb eb pctfsxb‚•p ep Rvbesp 3/27/ Usbub.tf ep qsfkv…Áp
dbvtbep ~t mbxpvsbt eb qspev‚•p qs†qsjb ept usbcbmibepsft bmjtub.
ept obt gsfouft ef tfsxj‚p 230/ Dpnp qbufoufjb b ubcfmb- b rvbouj.
ebef nƒejb qps joejx…evp jotdsjup ob Fnfsh„odjb tpgsfv fousf 2:89
f 2:8: vn efdJJojp ef 78 qps dfoup op dbtp ep gfjk•p< ef 83 qps

270 Ftuvept ef dbtp fgfuvbept evsbouf b qftrvjtb bmvefn bp gbup/ Fjt bmhvnbt dpoÇ
ubub‚ˆft b sftqfjup;
)2+ Qspqs/j/febef
ef nbjt ef 711 ib fn Qjdv…- Qbsb…cb- o•p jodmv…eb ob Fnfsh„o.
djb- dpn opxf qft pbt fnqsfhbebt- tfoep rvbusp npsbepsft qfsnbofouft- fn
tfvt bgbÁfsft dptuzofjspt/
)3+ Qspqsjfebef ef nbjt ef 3/611 ib- fn Npsbeb Opxb- Dfbs•Ç o•p jodmv…eb ob
nfsh„odjb- dpn pjup qbsdfjspt f epjt npsbepsft qfsnbofouft fn bujxjebeft
opsnbjt/ "Ftuf bop fmft [pt usbcbmibepsft_ o•p qbhbsbn [p (gpsofdjnfoup(_
f ftu•p efxfoep/ E• qbsb tpcsfxjxfs" . efqpjnfoup ep qspqsjfu•sjp/
)4+ Usbcbmibeps ef qspqsjfebef hsboef )o•p tbcf p ubnboip+ o•p jodmv…eb ob Fnfs
h„odjb; "B tfdb qsfkvejdb nbjt bp qspqsjfu•sjp qpsrvf p npsbeps- u• dfsup .
rvf fmf o•p gfÁ obeb- nbt gpj p qspFsjfu•sjp rvf ufxf rvf bssbokbstfsxj‚p
qbsb fmf/ F qbsb rvfn o•p gfÁ Fnfshfodjb dpnp p nfv qbus•p- gpj evsp qps.
rvf fmf ufxf rvf ujsbs ejoifjsp ep cpmtp efmf/"
280 Foufoef.tf qps "qspev‚•p qs†qsjb" p xpmvnf ef cfot pcujept joejxjevbmnfouf qÇ
21 usbcbmibeps- pv tfkb- brvfmb rvboujebef ef rvf fmf qpejb ejtqps mjxsfnfo.
uf- tfkb qbsb dpotvnp- tfkb qbsb xfoeb/ Ep xpmvnf fn dbvtb tf gfÁ b efev‚•p
ept npoubouft dpssftqpoefouft bpt qbhbnfoupt ef qbsdfsjb/
 Rvbesp 3/27

OPSEFTUF; RVBOUJEBEF EF QSPEVí/Á]PQS)6QSJB EF MBXPVSBT

EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT L]MJTUBEPT- QPS QSPEVUP . 2:89 ã
2:8:

0Q.
Rvboujebef dpmijeb 2:8: 0 2:8.á/? '
Jogpsnbouft Rvboujebef nƒejb
Qspevup- vom 0
2:8: Xo
Rvbou jeb
Qps jo. Qps usbc/
Qps jogpU Qps usb"R/
ebef ef upubm nbouf bmjtubep
O: gpoobouf bmjtubep
2:89-'

2:89

/ Gfjk•p )lh+ 715 334/896 481-6 377-8

Njmip )lh+ 651 571/133 962-: 659-4

BsspÁ )lh+ 76 36/444 49:[8 41-3

Bmhpe•p )bsspcb+ 58T 32/147 55-4 36-2

Nbnpob )bsspcb+ 7 2/795 391-8 3-1

2:8:

Gfjk•p )lh+ 46: T: 83/754 313-4 97-7 36 78

Njmip )lh+ 398 64 238/29: 554-3 262-7 59 83
BsspÁ )lh+ 39 54 5/996 285-6 6-9 66 92
Bm/hpe~p )bsspcb+ 464 85 8/446 31-9 9-8 74 76

Npnpob )bsspcb+ 4 61 278 66-8 1-3 91 :1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

dfoup- op ep njmip< /ef 92 qps dfoup- op ep bsspÁ< ef 76 qps dfoup-
op ep bmhpe•p< f ef :1 qps dfoup- op eb nbnpob/ Qps jogpsnbouf-
pt efdsƒtdjnpt tbp- sftqfdujxbnfouf- ef 36- 59- 66- 64 f 91 qps
dfoup/ ebt pt xbmpsft rvf sfbmnfouf joufsfttbn t•p pt rvf ejÁfn
sftqfjup b upeb b qpqvmb‚•p ef gmbhfmbept- vnb xfÁ rvf b bvtfo.
djb ef jogpsnb‚ˆft ejÁ sftqfjup P tjuvb‚•p ef xbmpsft ovmpt f-
dpnp nptusb p Rvbesp 3/27- ƒ hsboef p spm ept qspevupsft ef 2:89
rvf- op bop tfhvjouf- efj~bsbn ef dpmifs rvbmrvfs dpjtb/ Ofttf
tfoujep- b sfev‚•p ep xpmvnf qspevÁjep qps usbcbmibeps bmjtubep
fn 2:8: dpn sfmb‚•p b 2:89 ƒ cbtubouf tjhojgjdbujxb dpnp …oejdf eb
tƒsjb sfqfsdvtt•p dbvtbeb qfmb tfdb/ Ob xfsebef- tf tf sfdpseb rvf
gfjk•p f njmip . dpnp dvmuvsbt ef tvctjtuÇodjb . f bmhpe•p- dpnp
dvmuvsb dpnfsdjbm- dpotujuvfn p usjqƒ tpcsf p rvbm tf bttfoub p b.
mjdfsdf eb dpoej‚•p fdpo7njdb ep tfsubofkp- qpef.tf cfn bxbmjbs p
bcbmp r f bdbssfub qbsb fttb qpqvmb‚•p vnb rvfeb ef qspev‚•p ept
jufot sfgfsjept ob qspqps‚•p ef epjt ufs‚pt pv nbjt/ P tjhojgjdbep
efttf qsfkv…Áp o•p tf nfef uboup fn ufsnpt npofu•sjpt rvboup fn ufs.
npt ebt nfsdbepsjbt- ftqfdjbmnfouf njmip f gfjk•p- ef rvf p ipnfn
ep dbnqp gmbhfmbep qfmb tfdb o•p xbj qpefs ejtqps/ F b bvtÇodjb ep
.bmjnfoup usbejdjpobm- rvf tf bsnbÁfob bp gjobm ep Joxfsop qbsb p
dpotvnp bovbm- dpn fgfjup- rvf eftoveb b usbhƒejb fncvujeb op dbub.
dmjtnb eb tfdb 290/ P Rvbesp 3/27- ofttf qbsujdvmbs- ftqfmib fmp.
rVfoufnfouf p bmdbodf eb usbhƒejb ef 2:8:- ufoep fn xjtub p eftbqb.
sfdjnfoup ef dfsdb ef tfuf eƒdjnpt ebt sftfsxbt rvf b qpqvmb‚•p bt.
tpmbeb qfmb tfdb ufsjb qbsb bmjnfoubs.tf obrvfmf bop/ F dpnp ejÁ vn
usbcbmibeps- sfoefjsp f dbsxpfjsp- jodmv…ep ob bnptusb eb qftrvjtb;
"Tfdb qbsb njn ƒ fv difhbs efousp eb njoib dbtb f o•p
ufs p rvf dpnfs/"

290 Tpcsf b jnqpsu•odjb ep njmip f ep gfjk•p- bmhvnbt pctfsxb‚ˆft ef

fousfxjtubept ob qftrvjtb ef dbnqp;/ a
JJU• gbmuboep hbtpmjob . ejÁ p Hpxfsop< nbt i• nvjup ufnqp ftub
gbmuboep b (hbtpmjob ep qpcsf( )b dpnjeb_/"
"Ob tfdb p dvn„ h nbjt mjnjubep f b hfouf- dpn jttp- tf tfouf
nbjt gsbdp qbsb usbcbmibs ofttf tfsxj‚Ç qftbep/2J a
mjB tfdb qsfkvejdb b hfouf qpsrvf uvep f qbhp f dpn vnb dbsftuJb
nvjup hsboef/" a
JJRvboep p joxfsop ƒ gsbdp efssvcb pt mfhvnft/ Fn efÁÇncsp f uf!!!
qp ef joxfsop- badivxb o•p xfn/ Fn kbofjs?- b tivxb f gsbtb- nbt
tf gbÁ b qmboub‚bp/ B qmboub ibtdf- tf dsJb/ BJ- op tfhvsb ep
mfhvnf- b divxb o•p xfn/ B… ƒ ,'&%2. $ $
"B xjeb eb hfouf ovn bop tfdp nveb nVmup; opt o•p gjdb dpn sf.
dvstp ofoivn ef b > P nfo \ p <"
JJRvboep b tfdb xfn- tf tpgsf nvjup/aOvn joxfsop cpn p dbnbsbeb
2 dsb vn njmijoip- vnb cbubub- rvf f vn sfgsjhfsp qbsb p qpcsf/"
 p updbouf jt qfsebt ef qspev‚•p bojnbm rvf b qpqv.
mb‚•p gmbhfmbeb tpgsf- obeb joejdb rvf b tfdb qspxpdb nbjps bcbmpÇ
qfmp nfopt evsbouf p bop ef tvb jodje„odjb/ B qfdv•sjb- ef gbup- tp.
gsf fgfjupt nbjt ejmbubept op ufnqp ep rvf bt mbxpvsbt f f nfopt
bujohjeb qps vn bop ef joxfsop svjn- tf b divxb gps tvgjdjfouf . db.
nb bdpoufdfv fn 2:8: 2:0 A. qbsb b gpsnb‚a•pef bhvbebt f qbtupt/ Qps pvusp mbepÇ b
qfdv•sjb- jodmvtjxf qspevupt efsjxbept- dpnp sfhjtusb p Rvbesp 3/29-
sftqpoef qps nfopt ef vn rvjoup eb gpsnb‚•p eb sfoeb ep usbcbmibeps
tfsubofkp u…qjdp/ F o•p i ovnfsptp p dpoujohfouf ef usbcbmibepsft b.
mjtubept ob Fnfsh„odjb rvf qpttvfn sfcboipt/ Cbtub dpnqbsbs b jogps.
nb‚•p sfmbujxb bp ogjnfsp ef jogpsnbouft ef dbeb hsvqp ef sfcboip ep
Rvbesp 3/28 dpn p upubm ef foisfxjtubept ob qftrvjtb )94: qfttpbt-
ef dpogpsnjebef dpn p Rvbesp 3/3+ qbsb qfsdfcfs rvf tpnfouf op dbtp
ept tv…opt i rvf qpvdp nbjt ef vn rvbsup eb qpqvmb‚•p qftrvjtbeb qpt.
tvj sfcboip qs7qsjp/ Bttjn- nftnp rvf b dsjb‚•p bojnbm ipvxfttf tf
sfttfoujep tfsjbnfouf eb tfdb ef 2:8: . f o•p qbsfdf ufs tjep fttf p
dbtp dpn pt gmbhfmbept .- p jnqbdup ef tvb bhsftt•p op ipnfn eftxb.
mjep ef sfdvstpt ufoefsjb b tf djsdvotdsfxfs b vn jncjup cfn nfopt
f~ufotp ep rvf p jnqbdup ep efd2…ojp op qspevup ebt mbxpvsbt/ Op
_00 Rvbesp 3/28 bttjobmb.tf bmhvnb rvfeb op oHnfsp upubm ef dbcf‚bt qpt.
tvjebt qfmb qpqvmb‚•p ftuvebeb fousf 2:89 f 2:8:- tpcsfuvep op dbtp
ept tv…opt )efdmjojp ef 28 qps dfoup+/ Usbub.tf ef ejnjovj‚•p rvf obp
tf dpnqbsb dpn b ept qspevupt 2jtubept op Rvbesp 3/27/
Jodjefoubmnfouf- p Rvbesp 3/29 sfgps‚b b ‰mujnb dpotubub‚•p- bp bdv.
tbs jsjdjtjxb qfseb ef qptj‚•p sfmbujxb ebt mbxpvsbt ob gpsnb‚•p eb
sfoeb bovbm ept usbcbmibepsft gmbhfmbept- fousf 2:89 )64-9 qps dfoup+
f 2:8: )27-3 qps dfoup+/ Forvboup jttp- b dpousjcvj‚•p eb qfdv•sjb f
tfvt efsjxbept qfsnbofdf ftubcjmjÁbeb ep bop opsnbm bp bop tfdp
)29-4 f 29-2 qps dfoup- sftqfdujxbnfouf+/ P Rvbesp 3/29 tfsxf bjoeb
qbsb efj~bs fxjefodjbeb b jnqpsujodjb ep tbm•sjp eb Fnfsh„odjb ob
ofvusbmjÁb‚•p ept fgfjupt ofhbujxpt ep eftbqbsfdjnfoup ef qbsuf eb

9s9 X/ Jotujuvup Lpbrvjn Obcvdp ef Qftrvjtbt Tpdjbjt 0 Tfsxj‚pt Jouf.

hsbept ef Bttfttpsjb f Dpotvmubsjb Mueb/0Tfdsfubsjb ef Bhsjdvm.
uvsb f Bcbtufdjnfoup ep Ftubep ep Dfbs• 0 TVEFOF- Opseftuf f Dfb.
s•; Ftuvep Dmjnbup27hjdp eb Tfdb ef 2:8: )Sfdjgf- TJSBD- GVOEBLÇ
TBBC- TVEFOF- 2:92+- q/ 87/
 Rvbesp 3/28

OPSEFTUF; PNFSP NÇEJP )QPS JOGPSNBOUF+ EF DBCFíBT EPT

SFCB/IPT + õQSJPT EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT/ UPUBM-
UF EBT- DP/ TMY- OBTDJNFOUPT F OPSUFT? QPS UJQP EF SF
C/ ãIP . 2:89- 2:8: /

.
0
/V;;;mfspup 0)_ ef bo2
Ujqpt ef Dpotvnp Obtdjnfoupt Npsuft
=b2 ef db ;ob2T xfo.
sfcbom;p -0 cf‚bt ejept
gbnjmjbs

a:89

Cp jop )317, 8 -6 4-1 2-4 4-1 2-:

Tv…op )34:, 5/ 2 4-1 3/4 7/ 8 ec - 2

Pxjop )2::, 28 -9 9-5 6/ 8 22-2 7-:

Dbqsjop ,55B- 22-1 7-4 4-4 9-: 7-:

Btjojop ,52- 2-4 2-1

nn
FrVjop )3, 2-6 4-1

2:8:

Cpxjop ,85I- 8-4 4-7 3-5 3-8 2 : *.

Tv…op )34:, 4-5 3-5 3-2 6-8 4-6

Pxjop ,585- 27-5 8 ‹2 6-1 :-7 6-4

Dbqsjop )245, :-4 5 .2 4-6 9-8 Tç n 2

Btjojop ):, 2 -4 2- i

FrVjop )3, 2/6

GP UF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

Opub; -0 Fousf qbsfou„tjt- p o‰nfsp ef jogpsnbouft/
/S

Rvbesp 3/29

PSEFTUF; PSJHFN EB SFOEB BOVBM EPT USBCBMIB.

EPSFT BMJTUBEPT- QPS GPOUF . 2:89 ã 2:8:/
)qpsdfoubhfot+

Gpouf àã Z fo e b 2:89 2:8:

Mbxpvsb 64-9 27/3

Sfcboip 8 -: :-:
00
a Efsjxbept eb qfdv•sjb 21-5 9-3

Pvuspt qspevupt 4-1 2 -3

Pvusbt sfoebt qspqsjbt -0 35-9 75-6

Upubm 211-1 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

Opub; -0 Jodmvj p tbm•sjp eb fnfsh„odjb/
 l]uàZW 3/2:

ZC?R@FG•L 0p «iF A•BFi@ • iBHi@ A]«>iF Qin

GEili5=i« 0 _n i@ c ,-.t'+,I i jm_bin Pimm_go_n .
2:81 _ 2:8: )Pm%,

mãVku 2:89 2:8:

mãVàu uV]uT 24/422 38/:11

00 mãVàu UãV[uT )E, 2/21: 3/436

nuTdZSW UjVSUW0Ui[ ,l- 2/114 2/665

D,7II -0

DB+0DC+ 2a217 2-5:7

2-236 !32

aigo_? jã[Y]S[u àSZã\u àu ;HB«i?Q EV]dZSW _[\u\j[\SÓW àW OZu[ST )cOb_,

gW\u[? a0 fhàSu àW XãZjWàW W]e8:.çã^/91
~0 O i W [uTdZSW UjVSUW àW XãZjWàW W]\ - 8:.çã^/ 91/
 Rvbesp 3/31

OPSEFTUF; PQJOJêP EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT RVBOUP

ç TJUVBíêP EPT QSFíPT EBT NFSDBEPSJBT DPNQBSBUJXBNFO
UF DPN BOUFT EB TFDB- QPS NFSDBEPSJB
)qpsdfoubhfot+

Tjuvb‚•p ept *+'.),

Nfsdbepsjbt Bvnfoupv E]UãZS\ W]

O•p tf bm. Cbj~pv Upubm
Uu S/[ ef buf
ufspv
211' 211'
.
m(fjkbp 76-7 45-5 211-1

Njmip 54-: /6 6-6 1-7 211-1

BsspÁ 52-9 68 /: 1-4 211Ç1

Bmhpe•p 37-6 82- 3 2 -8 1-7 211-1

Pmfp 68-4 53-7 211-1

Rvfsptfof 62-5 59-7 211-1

Gbsjoib 75-3 46-9 211-1

Dbgf 46-6 75-6 211-1

B‚‰dbs 31-9 8:-3 211-1

Dbsof 74-4 47-8 211-1

Tbc•p 58-5 63-7 211-1

Mfjuf 211-1 211-1

Tbm 48-6 73-6 211-1

Gbsjoib ef usjhp 56-1 66-1 211-1

Sbqbevsb 59-5 62-7 211-1

Upubm 57-9 63-: P- 2 i- 2 211-1

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

.S
 qspev‚•p ef mbxpvsbt(- ibk b xjt ub b jnqpsu€od jb ep P V fn "pvusbt sfo.
ebt qs7qsjbt"- rvf jodmvj fttf qbhbnfoup- ob ubcfmb fn rvftuÇp- fn
2:8: )75-6 qps dfoup eb sfoeb bovbm/Çp usbcbmibeps- dpousb 35Ç9 qps
dfoup fn 2:89+/ Op fouboup- fttb ofvusbmjÁb‚•p eÇ.tf fn ufsnpt np.
ofujsjpt- p rvf o•p dpssftqpoef f~bubnfouf bp qsfkvjÁp ivnbop rvf
sfqsftfoub qbsb p tfsubofkp x…ujnb eb tfdb b qfseb ef nfsdbepsjbt u•p
qsfÁbebt dpsop p njmip f p gfjk eW - tfvt "s f N s P éh ZS/W t" Ç dvk b bvt„odjb
ob ejtqfotb epnƒtujdb ƒ rvf ej b ejnfot•p eb tfdb b o…xfm eb qpqvmb.
‚•p ftdbmebeb/
Vnb ufoubujxb ef bxbmjb‚•p fdpo7njdb hmpcbm Çp qsf.
kvJÁp rvf b tfdb ef 2:8: uspv~f bpt usbcbmibepsft bmjtubept obt g?fo.
ubt ef tfsxj‚p- ƒ pgfsfdjeb qfmp Rvbesp 3/2:/ U„n.tf bj bt sfoebÇ
bovbm f nfotbm efttb n•p.ef.pcsb fn 2:89 f 2:8: I;8/1. Bu fou f= tf ÓXfsb
p efubmif ef rvf pt ebept ep qsjnfjsp bop dpssftEpoefn b nƒejbt b.
0*0
ovbmT- forvboup pt ebept ep tfhvoep ftu•p jogmvfodjbept qfmb tjuvb.
‚•p fn pvuvcsp ef 2:8:.gf fsfjsp ef 2:91- qfsgpep evsbouf p rvbm
tf sfbmjÁbsbn pt mfxboubnfoupt f pt usbcbmibepsft eftfnqfoibxbn ub.
sfgbt ejtujoubt ef tvb spujob ibcjuvbm- bogfsjoep jhvbmnfouf sfoebtã
f~usbt/ Ftub H2ujnb sfttbmxb i jnqpsubouf qbsb fgfjupt dpnqbsbujjpt-
5
avsobxfÁ rvf b jogpsnb‚•p bqsftfoubeb qfmp Rvbesp 3/2: dpn sfgfs„odjb
b 2:8: o•p efxf tfs dpotjefsbeb dpnp vsob nƒejb bovbm/ Bttjn- p Rvb.
esp 3/2: dpmpdb b sfoeb nfotbm ef 2:8: dpousb epjt ufsnpt ef dpnqb.
sb‚bp . p tbmjsjp n…ojnp nƒejp ep bop f p sfgfsfouf bp qfs…pep eb
qftrvjtb/ Bqbsfoufnfouf- b tjuvb‚•p ept usbcbmibepsft gmbhfmbept rvf
ftubxbn jotdsjupt op Qsphsbnb ef Fnfsh„odjb bqsftfoubs.tf.jb fn 2:8:
bmhp nbjt bvtqjdjptbep rvf fn )sab( ibkb xjtub rvf b sfoeb ebrvfmf
bop frvjxbmjb b vsob xfÁ f nfJb p tbmÇsjp n…ojnp- tf p ufsnp ef dpn.
qbsb‚•p gps p tbmÇsjp ef kbofjsp b efÁfncsp- gjdboep qsbujdbnfouf op
o…xfm eb sfmb‚•p ef 2:89 )2-22 xfÁ+- tf p ufsnp ef dpnqbsb‚•p gps-
dpsop qbsfdf nbJT qmbvt…xfm- p tbmjsjp njojnp ef pvu/8:.gfx/91/

310 Obp t•P tjnqmft pt qspcmfnbt fogsfoubept qbsb b pcufo‚•p ebt DJ.
gsbt ep Rvbesp 3/2:/ Vnb qbsuf tvitupodjbm ep rvf bmj bqbsfdf
dpssftqpoef bp bvupdpotvnp- nfotvsbep b qsf‚pt ef nfsdbep/ Ubjt
qsf‚pt t•p brvfmft bpt rvbjt b qspev‚•p eftujobeb bp nfsdbep gpj
xfoejeb . xfoeb rvf ofn upep qfrvfop qspevups sfbmjÁpv/ p dbtp
ef qspevups rvf ujxfttf qspev‚•p xfoejeb- qbsb efufsnjob‚•p ep
xbmps eb qspev‚•p bvupdpotvnjeb vtpv..tf p qsf‚p eb xfoeb/ p dbtp
ep qspevups rvf o•p eftujopv qspev‚•p c xfoeb- p qsf‚p vtbep gpj
vnb ǃejb ebt jogpsnb‚ˆft ef qsf‚p dpmijebt op mpdbm eb fousf.
xjtub efttf qspevups/ Efxf.tf mfncsbs- qps pvusp mbep- rvf bt
jogpsnb‚ˆft ef 2:89 f 2:8: gpsbn mfxboubebt op qfs…pep ef pvuvcsp
ef 2:8: b gfxfsfjsp ef 2:91 ) xfs Rvbesp 3/33+- ftuboep tvkfjubt
bpt frv…xpdpt obuvsbjt fn jorvƒsjupt rvf qfefn bpt jogpsnbouft
ebept dpn dfsub efgbtbhfn/
 Ob fsebef? ofoivnb ebt evbt cbtft ef sfgfsÇodjb nptusb.tf qfsgfj.
ub qbsb b ufoubujxb ef dpogspoupÇ p dfsup ubmxfÁ fodpousboep.tf
ovnb dpncjob‚•p ef bncbt/ ftuf dbtp(- ufsjb ibxjep vnb fmfxb‚•p eb
sfoeb sfbm ept ÇsbÇbmibepsft jotdsjupt ob Fnfsh„odjb xjt.~.·jt ep
tbmjsjp /jojap/ Ubm tvcjeb dpotujuvj- qpsÇn? vn gfo4nfop ef obuvsfÇ
Áb npofuÇsÇb- ftub/ep tvkfjup b jogmv„odjbt ef qsf‚p rvf o•p qvef.
sbn tfs ef(j b f/uf sfdjtbebt/ t7 b ujuvmp jmvtusbujxp- pcufxf.tf
ept f /uÇf(.ÇaÇbept vab joejdb‚•p cbtubouf gspv~b ep dpnqpsubnfoup ef
bmh /t bsÇ;h t cjtjdpt ef tvb dftub ef dpotvnp- mjtuboep.tf op Rvb.
esp 3/a1?t Çbept bqvsbept/ Tfhvoep bt jogpsn3‚7ft eb ubcfmb- rvbtf
b PM V be f . t bv foupt ef qsf‚p b V s P cv Pep U f tfdb tvqfspv b nbsdb ept
211 vpÇ / Fttf sftvmubep- fncpsb xjdjbep qfmb gbmub ef vn qsp.
.la vup nbjt qsfdjtp- tfsxf ef rvbmrvfs nbofjsb qbsb
bopsbnb ef qsf‚pt b rvf gpj tvcnfujeb b qpqvmb‚•p eb
f= 2: :/ P rvf bdpoufdfv qbsb pt usbcbmibepsft jotdsj upt-
f f /eb npofujsjb- gpj vnb gpsuf bkveb qspqpsdjpobeb qf.
21 . dp fÇfsh„odjb- Y
rvbm- fn ufsnpt qvsbnfouf npofujsjpt- uf.
. r.f dpnqfotbep p qsfkv…Áp dbvtbep qfmb qfseb ebt mbxpv.
sbtp t6. X //
b bmjxjb- tfn fncbshp- b obuvsfÁb dsjujdb eb o•7.dpmifj.
.0 ub ã W gfjk•p- gfo‡nfop rvf f ef gbup p efufsnjobouf eb dpo.
h

ej‚• Dmb ep tfsubofkp efgspouf eb tfdb/

_0
Qps dpoej‚•p ob bhspqfdvjsjb b sfoeb bovbm nƒejb ept
usb psft R tdsjupt ƒ nbjps fousf pt qspqsjfuÇsjpt- dpogpsnf sf.
.fm b t1t3/32 f dpogpsnf fsb ef tf ftqfsbs/ Fousf pt qbsdfjspt-
b }31 b ÇÇ;b sfqsftfoub opxf eƒdjnpt eb djgsb dpssftqpoefouf b up.
ept . b. ..ubept- frvjxbmfoep fn ufsnpt nfotbjt )3/222 dsvÁfjspt- fn
2:8:+ bp tbajsjp n…ojnp ef 8:.gfx/91 )3/177 dsvÁfjspt+/ Fo.
usf 16 b tbmbsjbept sfhjtusb.tf b nfops nÇejb ef sfoeb )83 qps dfo.
up ep ;dub +- sftvmubep rvf dpogjsnb b jeÇjb ef rvf b tfdb bujohf fn
ufsnpt ãboãp nbjt tfxfspt b qpqvmb‚•p rvboup nbjt ejtubouf fmb ftuj.
xfs ep Ç ttp f ufssb/ Ob xfsebef- o•p h qspqsjbnfouf b tfdb rvf
qspev4 p qfsgjm ep Rvbesp 3/32- f tjn p ejb.b.ejb eb pshbojÁb‚•p 61.
djp.fdpo7njdb ep TfsuÇp- dvkb bttjnfusjb b tfdb xfn bqfobt tv.
cmjoibs/ Qps ftubep- ef pvusb qbsuf- b tjuvb‚•p fdpo‡njdb ept gmb.
hfmbept bqsftfoub.tf nbjt ipnph„ofb- bgjsnb‚•p rvf p Rvbesp 3/33
qspqpsdjpob- nvjup fncpsb tfkb qptt…xfm jogfsjs efttb ubcfmb rvf p
 Rvbesp 3 32
W

;1a ÇTUF; SFÇEB BOVBM NÇEJB EPT USBCBMIBEPSFT

tCB«>\•T Bi i<ECf•tH[EP0J X0/5JEJ

,l5' -

Sfoeb ' tpcsf

nƒejb ) -)-%( >
52/ 978 261
>
36/444 :2

31/187 83

00 32/:35 8:

38/:11 mop
%&)7 'ã %8$88 44/84: 232

38/53: :9

32/:75 8:

38/:11 211

Qft 7}6~ ejsfub eb GV EBL/

 Rvbesp 3133

ÇPS FTUF; XBMPS NFEJP EPT HBOIPT NFOTBJT EPT

U/ MMIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT OP IPNFs2UP MB ZOU<;;;;<;;<.(
(JTUMÇ QPS FTUBEP b0
)dsvÁfjspt+

Hboip nfotbm nfejb

....
Ftubep

Ó
Xbmps )PZ %, W tpcsf p Opseftuf

00
QJ 24 2/929 226

P_ d0 2/ 76: 216

E* .0 2/ 538 :1

QC f0 2/611 :6

QF /0 2/587 :4

Opseftuf 2/695 211

GPOUF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub eb GVOEBL/

bubt; b0Jodmvj p tbm•sjp eb fnfsh„odjb f pvuspt hboipt/

c0EfÁfncsp ef 2:8:/
d0Pvuvcsp.opxfncsp ef 2:8:/
e0Lbofjsp ef 2:91/
f0Jefn/
ó0Gfxfsfjsp ef 2:91 /
__
n
 Rvbesp

OPSEFTUF; DPNQPTJíêP EB EFTQFTB UPUBM EPT USBCB.

MIBEPSFT BMJTUBEPT OB TFÇBLB BdmU4SjPÇ 5 EB DOÇSF
XJTUB? QPS JUFN EF EFT?_TB- ?PÇ FTÇBED
)qpsdf;;mubhf;;mt+

Jufot ef
QJ DF SO Dl QF OF
eftqftb

00 BJ P foub‚bp 73-7 67-3 43- 8 34-2 55-1 56-7

Eftqftbt 2 _ã Z [ u [ 2J -2 7 .5L 8-7 Te/s 7 9-8 9-1

"
Epfo‚b 6/ 8 3/8 1-8 1-7 6-7 3+ 3

Qbhb;;;;f;mupsjf e…xj
sjbt 22- 2 3:-: 58-1 53-7 39-1 45-:

Dp . bcpsb‚•p dpn u
gbn…mj/b 5- 2 5/7 23-1 2:-2 :-9 9-7

Pvusp 6-5 1-3 4-: 1-7

(J(pubm 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1 211-1

...
GP UF; Qftrvjtb ejsfub LK GVOEBL/
hsbv ef qpcsfÁ/b ept .ç mbhfMbep t eb tfdb tf bdfouvb c nfejeb rvf tf
xbj ep Qjbvj M Dfbsj ob ejsf‚•p ef Sjp H/ Opsuf- Qbsbjcb f Qfsobn.
cvdp/ Op gvoepÇ p qbes•p ef qpcsfÁb (eb qpqvmb‚•p ef x…ujnbt eb tf.
db o•p qpttvj hsboef ejxfstjebef/ Bt ejgfsfo‚bt mpdbjt f fn ufsnpt
ef dbufhpsjb tpdjbm ufoefn b tfs ftnbhbebt qfmp hsboef qftp eb
qpcsfÁb rvpujejbob- rvf tf bhsbxb op qfsspep ef ftujbhfn/
Qpef.tf bjoeb bxbmjbs b joufotjebef eb tjuvb‚•p
xjxjeb qfmp vojxfstp ef qfttpbt fn dpotjefsb‚•p busbxÇt ep Rvbesp
3/34- op rvbm tf sfusbub vnb ftusvuvsb ef hbtupt ep usbcbmibeps
eb FnfshÇodjb/ P rvf bs tf f~q7f obp dpotjtuf ob dpnqptj‚•p eb
eftqftb epnjdjmjbs ept fousfxjtubept- f tjn ob ejtqptj‚•p ept hbt.
upt joejxjevbjt ept usbcbmibepsft- ept rvbmt bqfobt 81-9 qps dfoup
)xfs Rvbesp 3/4+ sfqsftfoubn difgft ef gbn…mjb/ Tfhvoep p Rvbesp
3/34- bmjnfoub‚•p f qbhbnfoup ef ejxjebt dpotujuvgbn b qsjodjqbm
gpsn• ef bqmjdb‚•p ept hboipt qfmpt us3cbmibepsft- upubmjÁboep 91-T
qps dfoup ebt eftqftbt op dpokvoup ep Opseftuf- dpn mjhfjsbt xb.
sjb‚ˆft qps ftubep/ Qbhbnfoup ef ejxjebt b… ejÁ sftqfjup fttfodjbm.
nfouf bp dibnbep "gpsofdjnfoup"- rvf tbp pt bejboubnfoupt gfjupt
fn cfot bpt usbcbmibepsft qbsdfjspt f bttbmbsjbept qfmpt qspqsjf.
ujsjpt ef ufssb/ P "gpsofdjnfoup" Ç dpotujuv…ep ef bmjnfoupt fn
tvb nbjps qbsuf- dpn qfrvfob qbsujdjqb‚•p ef bsujhpt dpnp rvfsptfof-
tbc•pÇ sfnƒejpt/ Bttjn- qpef.tf bgjsnbs rvf qfmp nfopt us„t rvbsubt
qbsuft eb eftqftb ep usbcbmibeps pgjdjbmnfouf gmbhfmbep efxf eft.
ujobs.tf bp dpotvnp bmjnfoubs- qspqps‚•p rvf cfn efgjof p ftubep
ef njtƒsjb bdfouvbeb efttf dpoujhfouf ef joejx…evpt Ç0/ B qspqps.
‚•p tfsj bjoeb nbjps tf qfotbs.tf rvf- op jufn "dpmbcpsb‚•p dpn
b gbn…mjb"- gbujb tvctubodjbm jsj dpotjhobsÇtf P dpnqsb ef bmjnfoupt/
P esbnb eb qpqvmb‚•p qftrvjtbeb- p esbnb eb tfdb opseftujob- fogjn-
sfdbj oftub dpotubub‚•p; ef rvf bt qfttpbt bujohjebt sfqsftfoubn
vn fgfujxp rvf- fn bopt opsnbjt- bqfobt dpotfhvfn sfdpcsjs ufovf.

320 Qspqps‚6ft tfnfmibouft t7 t•p dpoifdjebt fousf hsvqpt ef joej..

x…evpt nvjup qpcsft- dpnp pt ef vn dpokvoup 5Ç gbn…mjbt ef sfo.
eb nvjup cbj~b qftrvjtbep op Sfdjgf fn 2:89.91/ Xfs d27xjt
Dbxbmdbouj fu/ bJ/- QpcsfÁb- Dbsftujb- Tvcbmjnfoub‚•p; Sfmbu7.
sjp Gjobm eb.Bxb.gjb‚bp TˆdjpÇFdpo~njdbep Qspkfup Joufhsbep ef
Ovusj‚bp f TbŠef- xfUT•p qsfmjnjobs )Sfdjgf- GVOEBL.GFTQ.JOBO-
nbjp- 2:92,- q - #"
 nfouf tfv ftubep ef njtƒsjb- b tfdb xjoep qbsb sfnpxfs fttb gs•.
hjm dpcfsuvsb f f~qps bt dibhbt ep pshbojtnp tpdjbm cfn dpnp tfv
usfnfoep ftgps‚p qbsb- qfmb dporvjtub ep bmjnfoup joejtqfot•xfmÇ
jnqfejs rvf b qpqvmb‚•p tf ejÁjnf /