Matemática

Resoluções das atividades

Testando seus conhecimentos (página 53)
8
Capítulo

Sistema de equações do 1o grau com duas


incógnitas x + y = 14 x = 14 – y
1 a)
x + 3y = 20 x = 14 – 3
Agora é com você! (página 50) 14 – y + 3y = 20 x = 11
2y = 6


x + y = 10
1 y=3
x–y=4 S = {(11, 3)}
x = 10 – y → x – y = 4 x + y = 10


x – 2y = 3 x = 3 + 2y
10 – y – y = 4 x + 3 = 10 b)
–2y = 4 – 10 x = 7 → S = {(7, 3)} x + 4y = 9 x=3+2
2y = 6 3 + 2y + 4y = 9 x=5
y=3 6y = 6
2 y=1
x=


x + y = –11 S = {(5, 1)}

2 4
x–y=1


1 x+y=2 x + 3x = 2
x = c)
x = 1 + y → x + y = –11 x–y=1 2 y = 3x 4x = 2
1 + y + y = –11 x – (–6) = 1 1
y = 3⋅ 2
2y = –12 x+6=1 x=
2 4
y = –6 x = –5
3 1
y= x=
x2 – 2xy + y2 = 2 2
= (–5)2 – 2 · (–5) · (–6) + (–6)2 =  1 3   1
= 25 + 10 · (–6) + 36 = S =  ,   y = 3⋅
= 61 – 60 = 1  2 2   2
3
y=


2x + y = 10 y = 10 – 2x
2
Agora é com você! (página 52) d)
x + 2y = 11 y = 10 – 6 1 3  
 x + 2y = 7 S =  ,  
x + 2 · (10 – 2x) = 11 y=4  2 2  
1 + x + 20 – 4x = 11
3 x − 2y = −3 –3x = –9
4x = 4 x=3
x = 1 → x + 2y = 7 S = {(3, 4)}
1 + 2y = 7
2y = 7 – 1 → 2y = 6 → y = 3


S = {(1, 3)} x–y=7

2 a) +
x + y = 23 15 + y = 23
2 A 2x = 30 y = 23 – 15
 −4 x − 6y = −8 x = 15 y=8
2x + 3y = 4 ⋅ ( −2 )
S = {(15, 8)}
 → +
3 x + 2y = 1⋅ ( 3 ) 9 x + 6y = 3


3x + y = 23
5x = –5 b)
x – 3y = 1 · (–3)
x = –1 → 2x + 3y = 4
–2 + 3y = 4


3x + y = 23 3x + 2 = 23
3y = 6
y=2 –3x + 9y = –3 3x = 21
10y = 20 x=7
x 2 − y ( −1)2 − 2 1 − 2
= = = −1 y=2
x+y −1+ 2 1
S = {(7, 2)}

7o ano – Ensino Fundamental – Livro 2 1

 Matemática


3x + 4y = 27 · (5) 4 4 · 3 + k · (–2) = –16
c)
5x + 3y = 34 · (–3) –2k = –16 – 12
2k = 28


15x + 20y = 135

+ k = 14
–15x – 9y = –102
11y = 33  x y 2 ⋅ (12 )
y = 3 → 3x + 4 · 3 = 27  6 + 4 = 3
3x = 27 – 12 5 
x − y = 0 ⋅ (2)
3x = 15  2
x=5
2x + 3y = 8 2x + 3y = 8




S = {(5, 3)}
→ +
2x – y = 0 · (–1) –2x + y = 0
 

5x – 4x – 3y + 2y = 8 + 6 4y = 8
d)
3x – 2x + 6y – 5y = 12 – 10 y = 2 → 2x – y = 0
x – y = 14 –2x + 2 = 0
+ 2 · 1 + 2 015 = 2x = 2
x+y=2 8+y=2
= 2 + 2 015 = 2 017 x=1
2x = 16 y = –6
x=8 Atividades propostas (página 54)
S = {(8, –6)}
1 Sugestões de respostas:
3 Sugestões de resposta:




2x + y = 7 · (2) → 4x + 2y = 14
a) +


5x – y = 13 5x – 2y = –5 5x – 2y = –5
a)
x + 2y = 7 x = 7 – 2y 2·1+y=7 9x = 9
5 · (7 – 2y) – y = 13 x=7–4 y=7–2 x=1
35 – 10y – y = 13 x=3 y=5
–11y = –22
y=2 S = {(1, 5)}
S = {(3, 2)}
 x − y = 4 ⋅ ( −2 )  −2x + 2y = − 8
b)  → +
2 x − 4 y = 13  2x − 4 y = 13


x + 7y = –1 x = –1 – 7y
b)
2x + 3y = 20 x = –1 + 14 −2y =x5− y = 4 ⋅ ( −2 )  −2x + 2y = − 8

2 · (–1 – 7y) + 3y = 20 x = 13 
2x − 4 y = 13
→ +
 2x − 4 y = 13
5  5 5
–2 – 14y + 3y = 20 y=− → x −  − −2y= = 4
2  y2=− 5 → x −  − 5  = 4
–11y = 22 2  2

y = –2 5 5
x+ =4
x+ =4 2

S = {(13, –2)} 2 2x + 5 = 8
2x = 3
2x + 5 = 8 x = 3
2
 



x – 3x + 3y – 2y = –18 + 10 –2x + y = –8 · (–1)  = 3

 3 25x
c) → S =  , −  
 2 2  
5x – 4x + 4y – 3y = –10 + 11 x+y=1 3
x=
2
2x – y = 8
 3 5  
x+y=1 →x+y=1 S =  , −  
3+y=1  2 2  
3x = 9
y = –2
x=3
S = {(3, –2)}

3x + 2y = 21 · (3) 9x + 6y = 63



d)
5x – 6y = 7 → 5x – 6y = 7 → 5 · 5 – 6y = 7
14x = 70 –6y = 7 – 25
x=5 6y = –7 + 25
6y = 18
y=3
S = {(5, 3)}

2 7o ano – Ensino Fundamental – Livro 2

 Matemática

  

3 ( x − 1) 5 ( y − 2)
 
14 + 2x + 10x – 5y = 30x – 50
+ = 34 15x – 21 – 4x + 3y = 108 – 30x
4 3
c)
5 ( x + 2) 3 ( y + 3 ) 18x + 5y = +64 · (–3)
− = 13
3 5 41x + 3y = 129 · (5)
9(x – 1) + 20(y – 2) = 408
–54x – 15y = –192
25(x + 2) – 9(y + 3) = 195 +
205x + 15y = 645
9x – 9 + 20y – 40 = 408 9x + 20y = 457 · (9) 151x = 453



→
25x + 50 – 9y – 27 = 195 25x – 9y = 172 · (20) x = 3 → 18 · 3 + 5y = 64
54 + 5y = 64
81x + 180y = 4 113


+ 5y = 10 → y = 2
9x + 20y = 457
500x – 180y = 3 440
9 · 13 + 20y = 457 515 · (x – y) = 515 · (3 – 2) =
581x = 7 553 = 515 · 1 = 515
117 + 20y = 457
x = 13
–8x + 3,8y = –2


4x – 1,9y = 1 · (–2)


20y = 340 4 a) →
8x – 3,9y = 1 8x – 3,9y = 1
y = 17
S = {(13, 17)} –0,1y = –1
4x – 1,9 · 10 = 1
4x = 19 + 1 y


5 x + 7y + 2 3 x + 4 y + 7 = 1 → y = 10
− =x 10
d) 3 4 x=5
7x + 3y + 4 6 x + 5y + 7 S = {(5, 10)}
− =y
4 5


 5x – 4y = 0 · (5) 25x – 20y = 0
b) →
4x + 5y = 41 · (4) 16x + 20y = 164
4 · (5x + 7y + 2) – 3 · (3x + 4y + 7) = 12x


5 · (7x + 3y + 4) – 4 · (6x + 5y + 7) = 20y 5 · 4 – 4y = 0 41x = 164

4y = 20 x=4


20x + 28y + 8 – 9x – 12y – 21 = 12x y=5

35x + 15y + 20 – 24x – 20y – 28 = 20y S = {(4, 5)}
   

–x + 16y = 13 x = 16y – 13 5 x − 3 5y + 6


− = x −1
5 2 3
11x – 25y = 8 x = 16 · 1 – 13
5 x − 4 3y + 1
11 · (16y – 13) – 25y = 8 x = 16 – 13 − = y −1
3 2
176y – 143 – 25y = 8 x=3
151y = 151 3 · (5x – 3) – 2 · (5y + 6) = 6 · (x – 1)
y=1 2 · (5x – 4) – 3 · (3y + 1) = 6 · (y – 1)
S = {(3, 1)} 15x – 9 – 10y – 12 = 6x – 6
10x – 8 – 9y – 3 = 6y – 6
 

15x – 16y = 24 9x – 10y = 15 · (3)



2 27x – 30y = 45
3x – 4y = 0 · (–5) →
10x – 15y = 5 · (–2) –20x + 30y = –10
15x – 16y = 24
+ 7x = 35
–15x + 20y = 0
x = 5 → 10x – 15y = 5
4y = 24 → y = 6 → 3x – 4 · 6 = 0 50 – 15y = 5
3x = 24 → x = 8 15y = 45
y=3
(x – y – 1)2 017 = (8 – 6 – 1)2 017 = 1 S = {(5, 3)}
120 : (5 + 3) = 120 : 8 = 15
 

7 + x 2x − y
+ = 3x − 5 6 x y
5 2  − = 1⋅ ( 6 ) 2x − 3y = 6 ⋅ ( 3 )  6 x − 9y = 18
3 3 2 → + → +
5 x − 7 4 x − 3y −3 x + 5y = 2 ⋅ ( 2 )
− = 18 − 5 x −3 x + 5y = 2  −6 x + 10 y = 4
2 6
y = 22
2 · (7 + x) + 5 · (2x – y) = 10 · (3x – 5)
3 · (5x – 7) – 1 · (4x – 3y) = 6 · (18 – 5x) 2x − 3 ⋅ 22 = 6 → 2x = 6 + 66 → 2x = 72 → x = 36
S = {(36, 22)}

7o ano – Ensino Fundamental – Livro 2 3

 Matemática

7 D  3
y = x
m − 3 2n − 1 1  4
 4 − 3 = 12 ⋅ (12 ) 3(m − 3) − 4(2n − 1) = 1 y + x = 98
 →
3n + 1 2m − 3 1 5(3n + 1) − 3(2m − 3) = −1
 − = − ⋅ (15 )  3
x + x = 98
 3 5 15 4
3m − 9 − 8n + 4 = 1 3m − 8n = 6 ⋅ ( 2 ) 3 x + 4 x = 392
 →
15n + 5 − 6m + 9 = −1 −6m + 15n = −15 7x = 392
 6m − 16n = 12 x = 56
+
 −6m + 15n = −15 3 3
y= x = ⋅ 56 = 42
− n = −3 → n = 3 4 4
3m − 8 ⋅ 3 = 6 → 3m = 30 → m = 10 Resposta: 56 laranjas e 42 limões.
Resposta: m + n = 13

 
4A + 6B = 104
3
8 A A + B = 20 · (–4) A + 12 = 20
15 x − 5y = 7 ⋅ ( −2 ) 4A + 6B = 104 A=8
  −30 x + 10 y = −14 +
 8 → –4A – 4B = –80
2 x + 3 y = − ⋅ (15 )
 30 x + 45 y = −8
15 2B = 24
55y = −22 B = 12
2 Resposta: Foram compradas 8 sapatilhas do tipo A e 12
y = − → 15 x − 5y = 7
5 do tipo B.
 2
15 x − 5 ⋅  −  = 7  x + y = 40 x + 9x = 40
 5 4  10x = 40 → x = 4
15 x + 2 = 7 y = 9 x
15 x = 5 Resposta: Ela acertou 36 questões e errou 4.
1
x= 5 Vermelhas → x
3
Amarelas → y
a  x + y = 30
x−y = 
b 8 x + 5y = 216
1 2 a a 5+6 a 11
+ = → = → = 8x + 5 · (30 – x) = 216
3 5 b b 15 b 15
8x + 150 – 5x = 216
3x = 66
Testando seus conhecimentos (página 59) x = 22
Resposta: Foram utilizadas 22 peças vermelhas e 8 peças
amarelas.
y − x = 32
1 
y = 3 x Atividades propostas (página 60)
3x – x = 32
1 Idade no passado Idade hoje
2x = 32
x = 16 Pai y–2 y
y = 3x = 3 · 16 = 48 Filho x–2 x
Resposta: 48 e 16.
y = x + 28 y = x + 28
 →
2 Laranjas → x ( y − 2) = 3 ⋅ ( x − 2) + 4 y = 3 x − 6 + 4 + 2
y = x + 28
Limões → y 
y = 3 x
3 x = x + 28
2x = 28
x = 14 → y = 3 x = 3 ⋅ 14 → y = 42

Resposta: O pai tem 42 anos, e o filho tem 14.

4 7o ano – Ensino Fundamental – Livro 2

  
 →
4 x + 2y − 6 + 3 x + 6y + 9 = 6 x + 6y − 6  x + 2y = −9
10 x − 2y = −2 Matemática
+
 x + 2y = −9
11x = −11
2 x = selos perdidos por André.
x = −1 → x + 2y = −9
y = selos perdidos por Artur.
−1+ 2y = −9
y = 2x 2y = −8

100 − y = 3 ⋅ ( 48 − x ) y = −4
100 − 2x = 144 − 3 x
y
x = 44 yx − ( x + y ) + − (y − x) =
x
Resposta: André perdeu 44 selos, e Artur perdeu 88.
 −4 
= ( −4 ) ⋅ ( −1) − [( −1) + ( −4 )] +   − [( −4 ) − ( −1)] =
 −1
 

2x + 5y = 50,60 · (3)
3 = 4 − [ −5] + 4 − [ −3] = 4 + 5 + 4 + 3 = 9 + 7 = 16 = 4
3x + 4y = 64,70 · (–2)
6x + 15y = 151,80
+
–6x – 8y = –129,40
7y = 22,4
y = 3,2 2 Idade no passado Idade hoje
Resposta: Cada caneta custa R$ 3,20. Maria y – 12 y
João x – 12 x


p + g = 107


p + g = 107
4 →+
4p + 2g = 362 : (–2) –2p – g = –181 y = 3 x y = 3 x
 →
p = 74 y − 12 = 6 ⋅ ( x − 12) y = 6 x − 72 + 12
g = 33 y = 3 x
Resposta: 74 porcos. 
y = 6 x − 60
3 x = 6 x − 60


5 r = 5m
r + 4 = 3 · (m + 4) 3 x = 60
5m + 4 = 3m + 12 x = 20
2m = 8 Reposta: Hoje, João tem 20 anos.
m = 4 e r = 20
Resposta: 4 moças e 20 rapazes compareceram ao exame. 3
Idade hoje Idade no futuro

6 B Regina x x+8
 

2,40x + 1,20y = 79,20 : (1,20) Isabela y y+8

x + y = 50
 x = y + 30



2x + y = 66 → + 2x + y = 66  x + 8 = 4 ⋅ ( y + 8)
x + y = 50 · (–1) –x – y = –50
y + 30 + 8 = 4 y + 32
x = 16 3y = 38 − 32
y = 34
3y = 6
Mergulhando fundo (página 61) y=2
1 Resposta: Isabela tem, atualmente, 2 anos.
x − y +1 x + y −1
 2 − = x − y + 1⋅ ( 6 ) 4 Arquibancada = x
3
 Cadeiras numeradas = y
 2x + y − 3 + x + 2y + 3 = x + y − 1⋅ ( 6 )
 3 2  x + y = 20 000 y = 20 000 − x
 →
3( x − y + 1) − 2( x + y − 1) = 6( x − y + 1) 15 x + 25 y = 362 510 15 x + 25 ⋅ (20 000 − x ) = 362 510
 15 x + 500 000 − 25 x = 362 510
2(2x + y − 3) + 3( x + 2y + 3) = 6( x + y − 1)
3 x − 3y + 3 − 2x − 2y + 2 = 6 x − 6y + 6  −5 x + y = 1⋅ ( −2 ) −10 x = −137 490
 → x = 13 749
 4 x + 2 y − 6 + 3 x + 6 y + 9 = 6 x + 6 y − 6  x + 2y = −9
y = 20 000 − x = 20 000 − 13 749 = 6 251
10 x − 2y = −2
+ Resposta: 6 251 torcedores foram às cadeiras numeradas.
 x + 2y = −9
11x = −11
x = −1 → x + 2y = −9
−1+ 2y = −9
2y = −8
y = −4 7o ano – Ensino Fundamental – Livro 2 5
y
yx − ( x + y ) + − (y − x) =