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2009 [3Q6
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1. (1) −2i; (2) − 52 ; (3) 2i ; (4) −4;

2. (1) 1−2i
3−4i
2−i
− 16+8i
5i = 25 , 3^ 16
25 , 3^ Q ^ 8255 , w^ arctan 21 + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · .
8
25 ,
√

> 3 + i sin 3 , n = 2, 3, 4  e, t l o Q }' 1.  )

 √ n  π n nπ
(2) 1+ 3i
2 = ei 3 = ei 3 = cos nπ nπ

2,  √

 1 3
√ !n  − +i , n = 2;
1 + 3i  2 2
= −1, n = 3;
2 
 √

 1 3
 − −i , n = 4.
2 2
A- n = 2 , 3^ − , 3^ , w^ + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · ; n = 3 , 3^
1
√
3 2π

−1, 3^ 0, w^ (2k + 1)π, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · ; n = 4 , 3^ − , 3^ − , w^
2 2 3 √
1 3
2 2
4π
3 + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · .
(3)
s s 
√ √
√ 1 + 2 −1 + 2
1+i = ± +i .
2 2
q
: U, 4^ 1 + i = 2ei 4 , A- 1 + i = 2ei
√ π √ √
, n = 0, 1. A- n = 0 , 3^ 1+2 2 ,
π/4+2nπ √
4
2
q q √
3^q −1+ Q ^ √
w^  3^ 2 , 3
√
2 4 π 1+ 2
2 , 2, 8 + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · ; n = 1 , −
^ − −1+2 2 , Q ^ 2, w^ 9π8 + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · .
√ √ 4

(4) 4 √3 + i = 2ei π6 , ; (√3 + i)−3 = 2−3e−i π2 = − 8i . A- (√3 + i)−3 m3^ 0Æ3^ − 18 , Q

^ , w^ −
1
8
π
2 + 2kπ, k = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · .

3. 4z 1
π π
= ei 4 , z2 = 2e−i 6 , ;z z1 2
π
= 2ei 12 = 2(cos 12
π π
+ i sin 12 ),
z1
z2
5π
= 12 ei 12 = 12 (cos 5π 5π
12 + i sin 12 ).

 2  2
4. > z + z1 = 2 cos θ l, z + z1 = z +2+ z1 = 4 cos θ. o#1$Nqw l
2
2
2
4 z−
1
z
= −4 sin2 θ.

A- z − 1z = ±2i sin θ. >Tl z = e . A- ±iθ

1
zm + = e±imθ + e∓imθ = 2 cos mθ.
zm

1
2  


√ √ π π π π √
5.(1) i(1 − 3i)( 3 + i) = ei 2 · 2e−i 3 · 2ei 6 = 4ei 3 = 2 + 2 3i.
(2)
 
5i 5eiπ/2√ i(π/2−arctan 1 ) √ π 1 π 1
= √ i arctan 1 = 5e 2 = 5 cos( − arctan ) + i sin( − arctan )
2+i 5e 2 2 2 2 2
   
√ 1 1 √ 1 2
= 5 sin(arctan ) + i cos(arctan ) = 5 √ + i √ = 1 + 2i.
2 2 5 5
√ 7 3π √ 7 5π √ 7 √ √
(3) (−1 + i)7 = 2 ei7· 4 = 2 ei 4 = 2 (− 22 − i 22 ) = −8(1 + i).
√ 10π 2π √
(4) (1 + 3i)−10 = 2−10 e−i 3 = 2−10 ei 3 = 2−11 (−1 + 3i).

6. >z 4
= −a4 = a4 eiπ l 4 */^
(2n+1)π
zn = aei 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3.
√ √ √ √
2 2 2 2
z0 = 2 a(1 + i), z1 = 2 a(−1 + i), z2 = 2 a(−1 − i), z3 = 2 a(1 − i).

7.(1)  z = x + iy , z = x + iy , V Re(z + z ) = x + x = Re(z ) + Re(z ). t z = i, z = 1 + i,

V Re(z z ) = −1 6= 0 = Re(z )Re(z ). A- Re(z z ) 6= Re(z )Re(z ) ).E ,.
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

(2) b M 
NÆ.

8.(4) z1 z 2 + z 1 z2 = z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 = 2Re(z1 z 2 ) = 2Re(z1 z 2 ) = 2Re(z 1 z2 ).

(6) |z1 z 2 + z 1 z2 | = 2Re(z1 z 2 ) ≤ 2|z1 z 2 | = 2|z1 ||z 2 | = 2|z1 ||z2 | = 2|z1 z2 |.
(7) 4^ |z + z2 |2 = (z1 + z2 )(z 1 + z 2 ) = |z1 |2 + |z2 |2 + z1 z 2 + z 1 z2 = |z1 |2 + |z2 |2 + 2Re(z1 z 2 ) I
A-
1
2Re(z1 z 2 ) ≤ 2|z1 ||z2 |,

|z1 + z2 |2 ≥ |z1 |2 + |z2 |2 − 2|z1 ||z2 | = (|z1 | − |z2 |)2 ,

|z1 + z2 |2 ≤ |z1 |2 + |z2 |2 + 2|z1 ||z2 | = (|z1 | + |z2 |)2 .

10. > |z | = |z | = |z | = 1, . z , z , z  Z _~0T bNv |z| = 1 Æ, k z = 1. >

z + z + z = 0 I~ 2 i
m a :$
V  e, z "bEÆ aL, ` z = e (0 < θ < π). >
1 2 3 1 2 3 1
iθ

z = −(z + z ) I~ 2 i
m a :$
V  e, z = e . D> z + z = −z = −1 I~ 2 i
1 2 3 2 2
i(π+θ/2)

m a :$
V  e, (θ + π + ) = π.
l z mxw θ = , E' z mw π + θ/2 = .
3 1 2 3 2 3 1
1 θ 2π 4π

A- z , z , z ')* W |E bNv |z| = 1 mawmyu.

2 2 2 3 3 3
1 2 3

11.(1) . |u z I z mhv
mPh a v, '!^, 4.' q H.

1 2

(2) -Du z = 2 a Ewmhv^  m! aL, .' q H.

(3) C aL, ' q H.
(4) rQ 1.1 qm593, ET Rez = 2, Rez = 3 Æm$ , .' q H.
(5) Æ aLw w  bN ^ om3, .' q H, 4^Æ bNÆmu'$  u.
(6) bEhv Imz = y I Imz = y gnmu^iÆÆ$ , .' q H. 1 2

(7) Q 1.2 q 1 NU L m3, ' q H.

 
 3

6 y6 y6
'$ '$
y

√ √

p p
( 2, 2)
- -
O 1 
(2,2)

&% &%
3 4 x O 2 x
-
O 1 2 3 x

Q 1.1 Q 1.2 Q 1.3

Q 1.3 qm  q H.
(10)

13.  z = x + iy, VhvG y = kx + b  u^

z−z z+z
=k + b.
2i 2

` & gQ  l (−k + i)z + (−k − i)z = 2b. ; a = −k + i, c = 2b `l az + az = c.

14.  aL Æ- a ^N, 
^ r mNv  -<G |z − a| = r *%. e

r2 = |z − a|2 = (z − a)(z − a) = (z − a)(z − a) = zz − az − az + |a|2 .

; A = 1, β = −a, C = |a|2 − r2 , VNvG  u^ Azz + βz + βz + C = 0.

15. TLuN arg z fz2, A-. . . wÆm
)u z0, -Lu^NDumNv. f|
u z WÆ aL Nv p ~Eu z0 , arg z p ~E π; f|u z Wo aL Nv p ~Eu z0 ,
arg z p ~E −π. 4T arg z TwÆm H )u  f℄u, W. . .

16. qb""Æ. >.o# |xn − x0| ≤ |zn − z0| I |yn − y0| ≤ |zn − z0|  e, f |zn − z0| → 0 ,
|xn − x0 | → 0, |yn − y0 | → 0. A-1 6 xn (n = 1, 2, · · · ) I yn (n = 1, 2, · · · ) +- x0 I y0 ^℄u.
SbIÆ. >.o# |zn − z0| ≤ |xn − x0 | + |yn − y0|  e, f |xn − x0| → 0, |yn − y0| → 0 ,
|zn − z0 | → 0. A-1 6 zn (n = 1, 2, · · · ) - z0 ^℄u.

17. ?
) aL Æm- z1, z2, z3 ^yumw, rQ 1.4. $ z1z2 I$ z1z3 mhw' Arg(z3 − z1) −
Arg(z2 − z1 ) = Arg
z3 − z1
z2 − z1
T (0, π) m t i. u : U 1 *w<N m#*%,  l W wgI
z3 − z1 z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z3 − z1 z1 − z2 z2 − z3
Arg + Arg + Arg = Arg
z2 − z1 z3 − z2 z1 − z3 z2 − z1 z3 − z2 z1 − z3
= Arg(−1) = (2n + 1)π, n = 0, ±1, ±2, · · · .

4^ H * W wi}
E π, A-C t ilA π ' X m. ℄  b M4  W wIoE π.

z3
@
@
@
@
@
z1 z2

Q 1.4