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1.
1.1. Pretende-se provar que P ( x ) = Q ( x ) T ( x ) + R ( x ) .
(
Q ( x ) T ( x ) + R ( x ) = 3x 3 − 6x + 1 ) (x 2
)
+ 2x − 2x
= 3 x 5 − 6 x 3 + x 2 + 6 x 4 − 12 x 2 + 2 x − 2 x = 3 x 5 + 6 x 4 − 6 x 3 − 11x 2 = P ( x )
do polinómio (T ( x ) ) P ( x ) é 2n + 5 .
n
(T ( x ) ) P ( x ) é 13 .
n
Determina n , sabendo que o grau do polinómio
2.
2x4 + 0x3 - x2 + 0x + 1 x3 − 3x + 2
Quociente: 2x
- 2x4 + 6x2 - 4x 2x
Resto: 5 x 2 − 4 x + 1
5x2 - 4x + 1
3.
3.1. (x 3
)
− 3 x + 2 ( x − k ) = x 4 − 3 x 2 + 2 x − kx 3 + 3kx − 2k
= x 4 − kx 3 − 3 x 2 + ( 2 + 3k ) x − 2k
(
x 3 − 3 x + 2 = x 2 + kx + 1 ) ( x − a)
(x 2
+ kx + 1) ( x − a) = x 3
+ kx 2 + x − ax 2 − akx − a = x 3 + ( k − a ) x 2 + (1 − ak ) x − a
Pretende-se que:
x 3 + ( k − a ) x 2 + (1 − ak ) x − a = x 3 − 3 x + 2
k − a = 0 k = a k = −2
1 − ak = −3 ⟺ 1 + 2k = −3 ⟺ −3 = − 3
−a = 2 a = −2 a = −2
O valor de k é −2 .
4.
4.1. Divisor : x + 2 1 -6 0 2 -6
Designando por Q e R o quociente e o resto, -2 -2 16 - 32 60
respetivamente, obtém-se: 1 -8 16 - 30 54
P ( x ) = ( x + 2) Q ( x ) + R
Q ( x ) = x 3 − 8 x 2 + 16 x − 30 e R = 54
1 -6 0 2 -6
4.2. Divisor : 2 x − 2 = 2 ( x − 1) .
1 1 -5 -5 -3
Neste caso, P ( x ) = 2 ( x − 1) Q ( x ) + R
1 -5 -5 -3 -9
P ( x ) = ( x − 1) ( )
x3 − 5x2 − 5x − 3 − 9
Então, 2Q ( x ) = x 3 − 5 x 2 − 5 x − 3 ⟺ Q ( x ) = 1 x 3 − 5 x 2 − 5 x − 3 ; R = −9
2 2 2 2
5.
5.1.
− ( −1)3 + a ( −1)2 − 3 ( −1) + b = 0 1 + a + 3 + b = 0 b = −4 − a
3 ⟺ ⟺ ⟺
−2 + a 2 − 3 2 + b = 3 −8 + 4a − 6 + b = 3 4a + b = 17
2
b = −4 − a b = −4 − a b = −11 -1 3 -3 1
⟺ ⟺ ⟺
4a − 4 − a = 17 3a = 21 a = 7 1 -1 2 -1
-1 2 -1 0
5.2. − x 3 + 3 x 2 − 3 x + 1 = − ( x − 1)3 1 -1 1
6.
6.1. Sabe-se que f ( 2 ) = 0 .
f ( x ) = ( x − 2) ( 2x 2
+ x −1 ) 2 -3 -3 2
cálculo auxiliar: 2 x 2 + x − 1 = 0 ⟺ x = −1 1 + 8 2 4 2 -2
4
2 1 -1 0
1
⟺ x = −1 x =
2
1
f ( x ) = 2 ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1) x − , ou seja, f ( x ) = ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1) ( 2 x − 1)
2
6.2.
1
f (x) 0 ⟺ x − , -1 , 2
2
1
x -∞ -1 2 +∞
2
x −2 - - - - - 0 +
x +1 - 0 + + + + +
2x − 1 - - - 0 + + +
f (x) - 0 + 0 - 0 +
7. P ( x ) = x − 3 x − 2 . Verifica-se que P (1) 0 pelo que 1 não é raiz do polinómio.
3
1 0 -3 -2 1 0 -3 -2
-1 -1 1 2 2 2 4 2
1 -1 -2 0 1 2 1 0
-1 -1 2 2 2 8
1 -2 0 1 4 9
-1 -1
1 -3
Opção: (A)
m + n = 9 n = 4
⟺ . O polinómio P ( x ) tem grau 5 .
m − n = 1 m = 5
Opção: (C)
9. P ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ( x − 1) ( x 2 − 4 ) = ( x + 2) ( x − 1) ( x + 2) ( x − 2)
n n
= ( x + 2) ( x − 1) ( x − 2)
n +1
Opção: (B)
Opção: (D)
8
11. P ( 3 ) = 1 ⟺ 3 ( 3 − k ) = 1 ⟺ 9 − 3k = 1 ⟺ k =
3
Opção: (B)
12. P ( x ) = a ( x − 2 ) ( x − 1)
2
P ( −1) = 12 ⟺ a ( −1 − 2 ) ( −1 − 1) = 12 ⟺ −12a = 12 ⟺ a = −1
2
P ( x ) = − ( x − 2) ( x − 1) = − ( x − 2 ) ( x 2 − 2 x + 1) = − x 3 + 4 x 2 − 5 x + 2
2
Conclui-se que P ( x ) = -x 3 + 4 x 2 − 5 x + 2 .
13.
13.1. P ( x ) = ( x + 1) ( x + 2)
3
1 5 9 7 2
-1 -1 -4 -5 -2
– 1 é uma raiz de multiplicidade 3 . 1 4 5 2 0
-1 -1 -3 -2
1 3 2 0
13.2. P ( x ) 0 ⟺ ( x + 1) ( x + 2) 0
3
-1 -1 -2
1 2 0
P (x) 0 ⟺
-1 -1
⟺ x − , − 2 − 1 , + 1 1
14.
14.1.
− 2x 2 −6
A(x) = 0 ⟺ (x 2
+3 ) ( x − 2) = 0 ⟺
x 3 3x x +32
− x3 − 3x x −2 ⟺ x2 + 3 = 0 x − 2 = 0 ⟺ x = 2
− 2x 2 −6
2 6
2x
x -∞ -2 -1 +∞
0 0
( x + 1)
3
- - - 0 +
( x + 2)
(
A( x ) = x2 + 3 ) ( x − 2) - 0 + + +
P (x) + 0 - 0 +
14.2. B ( x ) = ( x − 3 ) (x 2
+ 5x + 6 )
Cálculo auxiliar:
−5 25 − 24
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0 ⟺ x = ⟺ 1 2 -9 - 18
2
3 3 15 18
x = −3 x = −2
1 5 6 0
Então, B ( x ) = ( x − 3 ) ( x + 3) ( x + 2) .
15.
15.1. P ( x ) = x 4 − 5 x 2 + 4
x4 − 5x 2 +4 x 2 − 3x
Sejam Q ( x ) e R ( x ) , respetivamente,
− x4 + 3x 3 x 2 + 3x + 4
o quociente e o resto da divisão de 3x 3 − 5x 2 +4
P ( x ) por x − 3 x .
2 − 3x 3 + 9x 2
4x 2 +4
Q ( x ) = x + 3 x + 4 e R ( x ) = 12x + 4 − 4x +12x
2 2
+12x +4
15.2. P ( x ) = 0 ⟺ x 4 − 5 x 2 + 4 = 0
5 25 − 16
Considerando y = x , tem-se y − 5 y + 4 = 0 ⟺ y = ⟺ y = 1 y = 4
2 2
2
Então, x 2 = 1 x 2 = 4 ⟺ x = −1 x = 1 x = −2 x = 2
16.
16.1. A ( −2 ) = 0 ⟺ 8 + 4k − k + 1 = 0 ⟺ k = −3 . Então, A ( x ) = − x 3 − 3 x 2 + 4 .
-1 -3 0 4
-2 2 2 -4
-1 -1 2 0
A(x) = 0 ⟺ ( x + 2) ( − x 2 − x + 2) = 0 ⟺
1 1+ 8
⟺ x +2 =0 x =
−2
⟺ x = −2 x = −2 x = 1
⟺ x = −2 x = 1
16.2.
−x3 + kx 2 −k +1 x2 − 1
x3 −x −x + k
+ kx 2 −x −k +1
−kx 2 +k
−x +1
R ( x ) = − x + 1 , ∀ 𝑘 ∈ ℝ \{0}
17.
17.1 (−𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 5) ≥ 0
−𝑥 + 1 = 0 ⇔ −𝑥 = −1 ⇔ 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑥 + 5 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = −5
x -∞ -5 1 +∞
−𝑥 + 1 + + + 0 -
𝑥+5 - 0 + + +
P (x) - 0 + 0 -
17.2 𝑥 2 + 4 ≤ 0 ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ ∅
𝑥 2 + 4 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 2 = −4 impossível
𝑆 ={}
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
𝑥 2 ≤ 4𝑥 − 4 ⇔ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 ≤ 0
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 2 ≤ 4𝑥 − 4 ⇔ 𝑥 = 2 2
𝑆={2}
17.11
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3) = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 ⇔ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = −3 ∨ 𝑥 = 1
x -∞ -3 0 1 +∞
x - - - 0 + + +
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 + 0 - - - 0 +
P - 0 + 0 - 0 +
17.13
17.14
17.15
17.16
17.17
17.18
18.
a) Fazendo 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 obtemos
𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 + 4 = 0 ⇔ 𝑦 = 1 ∨ 𝑦 = 4 ⟺ 𝑥 2 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 2 = 4
⟺ 𝑥 = −1 ∨ 𝑥 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 = −2 ∨ 𝑥 = 2
𝐶. 𝑆. = { −2 , −1 , 1 , 2 }
b) Fazendo 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 obtemos
7 ± √ 49 − 144 7 ± √ −95
𝑦 4 − 7𝑦 + 36 = 0 ⇔ 𝑦 = ⇔ 𝑦 =
2 2
Impossível.
𝐶. 𝑆. = { }