REVISÕES 5 - FUNÇÕES

DERIVADAS

Derivada de uma função num ponto

Sejam A ⊂ R, f : x → y = f (x), uma aplicação de A em R, a ∈ A um ponto de

acumulação de A. A derivada, por definição, de f no ponto a, se existir, é dada por

f (x) − f (a)
lim ,
x→a x−a
   
0 df dy
que se representa por f (a), ou ou ainda .
dx
x=a dx x=a
f (a + h) − f (a)
Designado por h o acréscimo x − a, vem lim .
h→0 h
Derivadas laterais
Pode não existir derivada num ponto mas existir derivadas laterais.

Nesse caso:
f (x) − f (a)
f 0 (a− ) = lim− chama-se derivada lateral esquerda de f no ponto a
x→a x−a
f (x) − f (a)
f 0 (a+ ) = lim+ chama-se derivada lateral direita de f no ponto a
x→a x−a
Uma condição necessária e suficiente para que a função f tenha derivada no ponto a é que
f 0 (a− ) = f 0 (a)+ .

1
 Regras de derivação
(c)0 = 0 (x)0 = 1 (c x)0 = c (c u)0 = c u0 (u + v)0 = u0 + v 0
 u 0 u0 v − u v 0
(u v)0 = u0 v + u v 0 = (xn )0 = n xn−1 (un )0 = n un−1 u0
v v2
√ u0
( n u)0 = √
n
, n ∈ N, e com u > 0, se n par
n un−1

(ex )0 = ex (eu )0 = u0 eu (ax )0 = ax ln a (au )0 = u0 au ln a

1 u0 1 u0
(ln x)0 = (ln u)0 = (loga x)0 = (loga u)0 =
x u x ln a u ln a

(sen x)0 = cos x (sen u)0 = u0 cos u (cos x)0 = −sen x (cos u)0 = −u0 sen u

u0
   
0 1 0
(tg x) = 2
= sec x (tg u) = = u0 sec2 u
cos2 x cos2 u

u0
   
0 1 0
(cotg x) = − = −cosec x 2
(cotg u) = − = −u0 cosec2 u
sen2 x sen2 u

0 1 0 u0
(arc sen x) = √ (arc sen u) = √
1 − x2 1 − u2

−1 −u0
(arc cos x)0 = √ (arc cos u)0 = √
1 − x2 1 − u2

1 u0
(arc tg x)0 = (arc tg u)0 =
1 + x2 1 + u2

−1 −u0
(arc cotg x)0 = (arc cotg u)0 =
1 + x2 1 + u2

2
1. Calcule as seguintes derivadas:

(a) (2)0 =
(b) (5)0 =
(c) (4π 2 )0 =
(d) (2x)0 =
 x 0
(e) =
2
(f) (−3x)0 =
(g) (x + 2)0 =
 x 0
(h) − − 5 =
3
2 0
(i) (x ) =
(j) (x3 )0 =
(k) (x4 )0 =
(l) (x−2 )0 =
(m) (3x−4 )0 =
(n) (−4x10 )0 =
(o) (3x2 − 2x + 1)0 =
(p) (4x3 + 3x2 )0 =
(q) (x3 + x2 − 2)0 =
(r) (x3 − 8x2 − 23x + 30)0 =
(s) (x8 + 12x5 − 4x4 + 103 − 6x + 5)0 =
2
(t) (x− 5 )0 =
3
(u) (5x− 5 )0 =
√
(v) ( 3 x)0 =
√
(w) ( x2 )0 =
3

√
(x) ( x2 + 1)0 =
√
(y) ( 2x − x2 )0 =

2. Calcule as seguintes derivadas:

 0
1
(a) =
x
 0
1
(b) =
x2
 0
1
(c) =
x+1

3
 0
x2 + 4x + 3

(d) √ =
x
 0
1
(e) =
x2 + 1
 0
1
(f) =
(x + 1)2
 0
|x|
(g) =
x+1
 0
2x + 1
(h) =
1+x
0
x2

(i) =
x−1
0
3x2

(j) =
x2 − 4
 0
2x
(k) =
(x2 + 1)2
 0
x+1
(l) =
x2
 0
x
(m) =
x2 + 1
0
3x2 − 5x

(n) =
x3
 0
7
(o) =
−x2 − x + 12
0
−x3

(p) =
(x − 1)2
0
x2 − 2x

(q)
1−x
0
x2 + x − 1

(r)
3−x
0
2x2 − 2x + 1

(s)
(x + 1)2
0
−x2 + 2x − 2

(t)
(1 − x)2
3. Calcule as seguintes derivadas:
√ !0
10
(a) =
x7

4
 √
(b) (x + x2 )0 =
5

0
√

1
(c) x− √ =
x
 2 √ 0
x −2 x
(d) =
x
0
√

1
(e) x x + 2 √ =
x x
(f) (5ex + 3)0 =
(g) (2ex + 5x)0 =
(h) (e2x )0 =
x
(i) (e 2 )0 =
(j) (e−x )0 =
(k) (4e−x − 1)0 =
(l) (ex+1 )0 =
2
(m) (ex )0 =
2
(n) (e−x )0 =
2 +x
(o) (ex )0 =
2 +2)
(p) (x + e−(x )0 =
1
(q) (e− x )0 =
(r) (52x )0 =
3
(s) (2x )0 =
(t) (ln x2 )0 =
(u) (ln(x + 1))0 =
(v) (ln(x2 − x))0 =
(w) (ln(4 − x2 ))0 =
(x) (ln(x3 + 1))0 =

(a) Calcule as seguintes derivadas:

(b) (sen(3x))0 =
(c) (sen(x + 2))0 =
(d) (sen(x2 ))0 =
(e) (sen3 (x))0 =
  x 0
(f) cos =
2
(g) (cos2 (3x))0 =
  0
1
(h) cos =
x

5
 √
(i) (tg x)0 =
(j) (4 sec(5x))0 =
(k) (cotg(3x2 + 1))0 =
(l) (sen x + cos(2x))0 =
(m) (sen3 x + cos3 x)0 =
(n) (sen2 x + 2 cos5 (3x))0 =
(o) ((1 + cos2 x)6 )0 =
(p) (tg2 x4 + cotg x)0 =
  x 0
(q) arc sen =
3
(r) (arc cos(x3 ))0 =

4. Calcule as derivadas de:

√
(a) ( x(x − 1))0 =
(b) (x ex )0 =
x
(c) (x e 2 )0 =
(d) (x ex + ex )0 =
(e) (x2 e−x )0 =
2
(f) (−2x e−x )0
(g) (3x2 e−4x )0 =
  0
−3x 2 4
(h) e cos =
x
 x 0
(i) =
ex
 1 0
(j) e x =
 1 0
(k) x e x =
 0
− x1
(l) x e =
 0
1 1
(m) − 2 e x =
x
 x 0
e −1
(n) =
x
 x + 1 0

(o) e x − 1  =

(p) (x ln x)0 =

6
 (q) (ln |x|)0 =
(r) (ln |x2 + x − 2|)0 =
 0
ln x
(s) =
x
(t) (x2 ln x)0 =
 0
1
(u) =
1 + ex
 0
1
(v) =
1 + e−x
 0
5
(w) =
1 + 4ex
 0
5
(x) =
1 + 4e−x
0
5ex

(y) =
ex + 4
5. (a) ((2x − 5)4 (8x2 − 5)−3 )0 =
√
(b) ((x2 + 1) 3 x2 + 2)0 =
(c) (e−5x cos (3x))0 =
(d) (e5 sen x )0 =
(e) (ex cos x )0 =
x2
(f) (23 )0 =
1
(g) (5− x )0 =
(h) (xx )0 =
(i) (xsen x )0 =
(j) ((sen x)x )0 =
(k) (xln x )0 =
x
(l) (xe )0 =
(m) ((ln x)cos x )0 =
1
(n) (x x )0 =
(o) (x2 ln(1 − x2 ))0 =
 0
x−6
(p) =
x+7
r !0
3
4 x + 1
(q) =
x3 − 1
√
(r) ( 1 + 2tg x)0 =