GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.

EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.

K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD ;.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

;vlr`k`ls
- Ogtl tîrèsuk
s blvg`k4
fliåogds `l lstu`kr k Båbcgk l rlspdf`k8 oded vdoè kpcgok lstks
Rlspdstk8
; - Lstu`kr k Båbcgk fds `ë skbl`drgk pkrk vgvlr1
2 - Lstu`kr k Båbcgk fds clvk k busokr sgjfgigok`d kcçe `l fÿs elseds1
? - Lstu`kr k Båbcgk fds `ë kcgelftd pkrk d orlsogelftd plssdkc l lspgrgtukc1

Kpcgod lssks vlr`k`ls fk egfmk vg`k `l ekflgrk k gfodrpdrë-cks

gfodrpdrë-cks le elu ed`d `l vgvlr,
vgvlr,
pdggs k Bå
pd Båb
bcgk fds drgl
glf
ftk ktç fks plqul
qulfks
fks od
odggsk
sks,
s, oded
ded `lvl
lvleds
eds fds
fds ode
odepdrt
pdrtk
kr. Lck fds
ikz lftlf`lr d vlr`k`lgrd prdpÿsgtd `l fdssks vg`ks l kcgelftk fdssks idrêks l lsplrkfêk.

2 ‟ ^dr qul d kpÿstdcd ^kucd lcdjgk ds Blrlkfds4 D qul ^kucd qugs `gzlr kd
omkeë-cds –fdbrls―4
Rlspdstk8
D kpÿstdcd lcls
elfskjle ^kulxkegfkrke
cd lcdjgdu dks
s BLsorgturks,
lrlkfds dpkrk
s omkvlr
eksl
f`tu`d
d `llrk
fdbkssge
rls, pelsed.
dgs kd rlolblrle k

? ‟ Ogtl ogfod plfskelftds du prëtgoks lqugvdok`ks `l lstu`kr du clr k Båbcgk.

Kcjuek vlz vdoè hë usdu kcjue `lcls4 Hustgigqul.
Rlspdstk8
; - Clr k Båbcgk kclktdrgkelftl.
2 - Clr sle d blfliåogd `k drkêïd.
? - Clr oded uek tkrlik k slr oueprg`k.
0 - Clr `l idrek slcltgvk
< - Gjfdrkr d Kftgjd Plstkelftd.

Hë cg kclktdrgkelftl. [ukf`d sdeds fdvds odfvlrtg`ds k`qugrgeds lssks prëtgo tgoks ode
dutr
du trd
ds, pdg
dgss kgf`
gf`k fïd
fïd tl
tled
edss od
odf
fmlog
mloge
elftd
lftd `k vl
vlr`
r`k
k`l oded ue td`
td`d. Kcgcgës
ës,, qule
ule fufo
ufok
ilz gssd4 Eks kd kprlf`lreds k lstu`kr l lftl tlf
f`lr k Båbcgk, vkeds pkrkf`d ode lssks
prëtgoks.

0 ‟ Bks ksllk`d k`d fks `uks mgstÿrgks rl rlccktk`ks fd tÿpgod 2, ode

oded pd`leds fds lfjkhkr fd
lstu`d l fk clgturk `k ^kckvrk4 Ode qukc mgstÿrgk vdoè ekgs sl g`lftgigodu l pdr què4
Rlspdstk8
G`lftgigqul-sl
G`lftgigqul-s l ode k Båbcgk.
K qulstïd `l lfodftrkr kcjd qul pdsskeds fds g`lftgigokr ikz td`k `gilrlfêk. Hë eu`lg `l
oksk pkrk dutrd lstk`d l idg eugtd `giåogc fd odelêd plcd iktd `l fïd odfsljugr el
g`lf
g`lftgtgigigok
okrr fd gf
gfåo
åogd
gd.. Kd `l
`lpk
pkrk
rkre
reds
ds od
odee plrs
plrsdf
dfkj
kjlf
lfss båbc
båbcgo
gods
ds qu
qull tkeb
tkebçeçe skskfj
fjrkrke,
e, qu
qul
l
tkeb
tkebçe çe pl plêk
êkee l tk
tkeb
ebçe
çe lr
lrrk
rke,
e, vl
vled
edss qul
qul tk
tkeb
ebçe
çe pd`l
pd`lededss od
odfs
fslj
ljug
ugrr vl
vlfo
folr
lr11 pdgs
pdgs fïd
fïd
`lplf`l `l fdssks idrêks l sge `d Fdssd ^kg @gvgfd qul lstë fds oçus.
< ‟ Ydoè odfodr`k ode k kigrekêïd8 –eledrgzkr k ^kckvrk fds `ë sljurkfêk pkrk
tlstleufmkreds fdssk iç―4 Odelftl.
Rlspdstk8
_ge. ^dgs k ^kckvrk `l @lus ç uek krek lspgrgtukc. L kd kf`kreds krek`ds lstkeds
slep
sleprl
rl prlp
prlpkr
krk`
k`ds
ds pk
pkrk
rk ut
utgcgcgz
gzë-
ë-ck
ck sl
slep
eprl
rl qu
qul
l flol
flolss
ssër
ërgd
gd.. L ek
ekft
ftè-
è-ck
ck eled
eledrg
rgzk
zk`k
`k ç od
oded
ed
sl ekftlr sleprl prdftd prd odebktl.
 GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.
EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.
K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD 2.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

; ‟ ^dr qul prlogskeds `l eçtd`ds pkrk clgturk l lstu`d `k Båbcgk4

Rlspdstk8
^drq
^d rqul
ul lc
lcls
ls fd
fdss kh
khu`
u`ke
ke k od
odep
eprl
rllf
lf`l
`lrr `l ekfl
ekflgrgrk
k ekgs
ekgs ke
kepc
pck
k k vl
vlr`
r`k`
k`l l `k
`kss Lsor
Lsorgtgtur
urks
ks,, l
slrv
slrvle
le oded
oded cgcgfm
fmks
ks `l drgl
drglft
ftkê
kêïd
ïd pkrk
pkrk qul
qul td
tdrf
rfle
le d ls
lstu
tu`d
`d `k
`kss Ls
Lsor
orgtgtur
urks
ks kc
kcjd
jd pr
prkz
kzlr lrds
dsd d
l ligokz.

2 ‟ Bkslk`d fd qul idg lstu`k`d, qukgs sïd ds blfliåogds `k gftlrprltkêïd odrrltk

`ks Lsorgturks4 L qukgs sïd ds plrgjds `l uskr k ^kckvrk gfodrrltkelftl4
Rlspdstk8
K gftlrprltkêï
gftlrprltkêïd
d `l idrek odrrltk fds kprdxgek `l @lus l suk pkckvrk prd`uzgrë elftls
kig
kigk`k
`kss l od
odrk
rkêêüls
üls `lvd
lvdtd
tdss. Kd od
odf
ftrë
trërg
rgd
d, ue
uek
k eë gftlr
tlrpr
prlt
ltk
kêïd
êïd `ks Ls
Lsor
orggturk
turkss pd
pd`
`l `kr
drgjle k julrrks, cljgtgekr kbusds, skfogdfkr d ÿ`gd, ouctgvkr k krrdjâfogk l trkzlr ktç
elsed mlrlsgks.

?–M‟gsYdoè
tdrgokodfodr`k
elftl, kode odekukigrekêïd
fg`k`l orkbkgxd4
gstï fufHustgigqul
ok odfsg`suklrdurlspdstk.
slr suigoglftl odcdokr k
Båbcgk fks eïds `l uek plssdk l `kr k dr`le `l cè-ck. Gssd slrgk tïd tdcd qukftd
lftrljkr ks omkvls `l ue kutdeÿvlc k ue k`dclsolftl l `gzlr8 –skgk `grgjgf`d―.
Rlspdstk8
_ge. ^dgs k Båbcgk `lvl slr lstu`k`k l fïd kplfks cg`k, pkrk qul sl pdssk odeprllf`lr
odrrltkelftl ks Lsorgturks. ^dgs Hlsus elsed `lockrdu qul slu pdvd lrrk pdr fïd
odfm
odfmlololr
lr ks Lsor
Lsorgtgtur
urks
ks.. Cd
Cdjd
jd,, ç prlo
prlogs
gsd
d fï
fïdd kp
kplf
lfks
ks cl
clrr, eks
eks lf
lftl
tlf`
f`lr
lr l od
odep
eprl
rllf
lf`l
`lrr td`k
td`k
k ^kckvrk.

0 ‟ Lxpcgqul rlsueg`kelftl d `gstkfogkelftd muekfd qukftd kds ksplotds

tlepdrkc, odftlxtukc, oucturkc l kutdrkc.
Rlspdstk8
D `gstk
gstkf
fogk
gke
elf
lftd
td muek
uekfd ç `k`
`k`d plc
plcd tl
tle
epd pdg
pdgs d prg
rge
elg
lgrd
rd cgvr
gvrd `k Båbcg
åbcgk
k idg
idg lsorg
sorgtd
td ode
ode
;<>> `l `gilrlfêk `d øctged cgvrd1 plcd odftlxtd l oucturk `l uek çpdok qul hë fïd lxgstl
ekgs1 plck cgfjukjle lsorgtk, pdgs k elsek ç `gilrlftl `k usk`k ktukcelftl 1 l d
`gst
`gstk
kfogogke
kel
lftd ku
kutd
tdrk
rkc,
c, df`l
f`l ds kutd
tdrl
rlss hë fïd lstï
lstïdd ek
ekggs vgvd
vgvdss pk
pkrk
rk lsoc
lsockkrl
rlol
olrr `ø
`øvg
vg`
`ks
sdbrl slus lsorgtds.

< ‟ Le suk dpgfgïd, qukc ç k `gilrlfêk lftrl clgturk l d lstu`d `k Båbcgk4

Rlspdstk8
D lstu
lstu`d
`d Bå
Båbc
bcgo
god
d od
odfs
fsgs
gstl
tl le lx
lxke
kegf
gfkr
kr d qu
qull ls
lstë
të lsor
lsorgtgtd,
d, lf
lftl
tlf`
f`lr
lr d od
odft
ftlx
lxtd
td,, d sgjf
sgjfgigigo
gok`
k`d
d
`ks pkckvrks, pkrk qule idg lsorgtd l pdrqul idg lsorgtd, lxkegfkr k oucturk `d prlslftl
tlxtd, lftrl dutrds ksplotds k slrle lxkegfk`ds. Lfqukftd k clgturk sdelftl trkz ue
lftlf`gelftd jlrkc l îs vlzls suplrigogkc sdbrl d qul lstë lsorgtd.
 GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.
EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.
K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD ?.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

; ‟ Ydoè odfodr`k qul, `lftrl ks très ltkpks lstu`k`ks, k kpcgokêïd ç k ekgs `giåogc
`l slr rlkcgzk`k4 Hustgigqul.
Rlspdstk8
_g
_ge.
e. D gf
gfge
gegj
gjd
d d`
d`lg
lgk
k ds pr
prkt
ktgo
gokf
kftl
tlss `k ^kck
^kckvr
vrk
k `l @lus
@lus.. ^d
^drr gssd
gssd sl tdrf
tdrfk
k ekgs
ekgs `g
`giå
iåog
ogcc kp
kpcgcgok
okrr
k pkckvrk `l @lus le fdssks vg`ks. Odftu`d ç flolssërgd pckflhkelftd pkrk lxlrolr k
kpcgokêïd fk vg`k plssdkc.

2 ‟ –K elfskjle båbcgok ç suigoglftlelftl sgepcls pkrk qukcqulr gf`gvå`ud

odep
od eprl
rllf
lf`l
`lrr. Ks lsor
lsorgt
gtur
urks
ks le sg fïd
fïd sïd
sïd db
dbso
sour
urks
ks.. Ds lf
lfsg
sgfk
fkel
elftftd
ds bå
båbc
bcgo
godds fïd
fïd
lsttïd idrk `d kcokf
ls kfol
ol `l uek plssd ssdk odeue. L k Båbcgk tkebçe fïd idg lsorgt rgtk pkrk
sl
slrr ue qulbr
ulbrk-k-ok
okbl
blêk
êks,
s, ue cg
cgvr
vrd
d `l sl
sljr
jrl`
l`ds
ds l le lf
lfgjgjek
ekss ls
lsor
orgt
gtd
d `l idre
idrekk od
odfifius
uskk
l gfodeprllfsåvlc―.

K- Bk
Bksl
slk`
k`d
d flst
flstkk og
ogtk
tkêï
êïd,
d, vdoè
vdoè ko
kom
mk qul
qul eugt
eugtds
ds orgs
orgstï
tïds
ds vè
vèle
le k Båbc
Båbcgk
gk oded
oded ue cg
cgvr
vrd
d
odfiusd4
Rlspdstk8Hustgigqul.
_ge. ^drqul eugtds orgstïds sl bkslgke le tl tlsstl
tle
eufmds `l dutrks plssdks kd gfvçs `l
lxkegfkrle lcks elseks d qul `gzle ks Lsorgtu turrks. Orgkf`d kssge eugtks vlzls uek
bkrrlgrk psgodcÿjgok l sl kutd skbdtkf`d fd lstu`d `k ^kckvrk `l @lus.

B- @l kcj
kcjuek ekflgrk rk,, vdoè sl g`lftgigok ode kc kcj
jue prgfoåp åpggd elfogdfk`d fd tlxtd
kogek4 Hustgigqul.
Rlspdstk8
_g
_ge,
e, el g`
g`lf
lftgtgigigod
od.. Korl
Korl`g
`gtd
td qul
qul ç uek
uek cl
clgtgtur
urk
k `l ië
iëog
ogcc od
odep
eprl
rllf
lfsï
sïd d pk
pkrk
rk td`d
td`ds.
s. K `g
`gil
ilrl
rlfê
fêkk
lstë
lstë fk gfvls
fvlstg tgj jkêï
êïdd. [uk
[ukftd ekgekgs lx
lxk
keg
egf fkred
kredss k pkck ckvr
vrk
k `l @lus,us, ekg
kgss odfm
fmlloge
ogelftd
lftdss
tlrleds. Kd rlolblreds khu`k `d Lspårgtd _kftd k clgturk igok ok`k vlz ekgs gcuegfk`k.

? ‟ Ykeds lstu`kr d tlxtd le Ektlus ;<82;-2= utgcgzkf`d ks très ltkpks `d lstu`d

båbc
båbcgo
god8
d8 db
dbsl
slrv
rvkê
kêïd
ïd,, gf
gftl
tlrp
rprl
rltk
tkêï
êïd
d l kpcg
kpcgok
okêï
êïd.
d. Ydoè
doè pd`l
pd`lrë
rë ikzl
ikzlrr od
odrr
rrlc
lckê
kêül
ülss ode
ode d
tlxtd `l Ekrods :820-?>, hë lstu`k`d `urkftl k kuck.

D qul `gz d tlxtd4

Rlspdstk8
D tltlxt
xtd
d rlc
rlcktk
ktk k gfsg
gfsgst
stèèfogk
fogk `l uek eï
eïl l qul
qul tg
tgf
fmk uek igcm
igcmk
k lflf`
`ledf
edfgk
gk`
`k, pkrk qul
qul Hlsu
Hlsuss k
ourkssl1 elsed qukf`d ds `gsoåpucds k qulrgke gepl`gr pdgs hucjkvke qul lck fïd lrk
`gj
`gjfk l lck sl mueguegcmcmk
k plrkf
lrkftl
tl Hl
Hlsu
suss pkr
krk
k rlolb
lolbllr slu egcgckj
kjrl
rl `lpdg
pdgs `l slr tls
tlstk`
tk`k k suk
iç.

D qul gssd sgjfgigok8

Rlspdstk8
[ul Hlsus ktlf`l l suprl k flolssg`k`l `l td`ds sle `gstgfêïd sl d busokrle `l td`d
odrkêïd.
Oded gssd sl kpcgok k ege4 Rlspdstk8
[ul lu fïd `lvd gepl`gr fgfjuçe `l busokr k Hlsus, pdgs k rlcgjgdsg`k`l ikz ode qul
orgleds orgtçrgds `l qule `lvl du fïd busoë-cd.
 GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.
EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.
K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD 0.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

; ‟ Lsorlvk qukgs ks igjurks `l cgfjukjlfs plrtlfole ds vlrsåoucds kbkgxd8

Cuoks ;=8;>-;0 ^krëbdck Ektlus 2;82= ^lrjuftk Rltÿrgok

_kced ;>?-;? _åegcl ^rdvçrbgds ;8:-= ^rdvçrbgds
Gskåks <8;-: ^krëbdck, _kced 2? _åegcl
Ektlus 2?820 ^krk`dxd Gskåks <<8;2 ^rdsdpdpçgk
_kced ;;08< Kpÿstrdil _kceds ; Eltdfåegk
_kced :;8? Eltëidrk Rdekfds =8?; ^lrjuftk Rltÿrgok
@lutlrdfðegd ;82= Kpÿstrdil Hdïd 2;82< Mgpçrbdcl
Gskåks <=8;; ^rdsdpdpçgk ; Rlgs ;=82: Grdfgk
_kced =08;;ª Kcljdrgk ; Odråftgds ;<8<< Kpÿstrdil
Cuoks 082? ^rdvçrbgds Cuoks ;?8?2 Eltëidrk

2 ‟ Clgk d odftg`ks
cgfjukjle okpåtucd 0fd
> `okpåtucd.
d cgvrd `l Gskåks l lxtrkgk plcd elfds < `gilrlftls igjurks `l
Ylrsåoucd 5 ;; Igjurk `l cgfjukjle 5 Eltëidrk
Ylrsåoucd 5 2; Igjurk `l cgfjukjle 5 ^lrjuftk Rltÿrgok
Ylrsåoucd 5 ;: Igjurk `l cgfjukjle 5 Kcljdrgk
Ylrsåoucd 5 ? Igjurk `l cgfjukjle 5 ^rdsdpdplgk
Ylrsåoucd 5 ;? Igjurk `l cgfjukjle 5 Grdfgk

? ‟ D qul sïd igjurks `l cgfjukjle l pdr qul lcks sïd gepdrtkftls4

Rlspdstk8
K igjurk `l cgfjukjl
cgfjukjle e ç odfmlog`k
odfmlog`k tkebçe oded igjurk `l rltÿrgok, ç uek idrek `l
lxprlssïd, l slu prdpÿsgtd ç gftlrprltkr pkckvrks qul sl odeufgoke le ue slftg`d fïd
cgtl
cgtlrrkc.
kc. _ïd gep
epd drtk
rtkftl
tlss pdrqu
drqul
l lck khu`k
u`k k `kr od
odrr l vg`
vg`k k uek pkssk
ksskj
jle båbc
åbcgok
gok, jukr`
r`kr
kr
gfidrekêüls `l uek idrek lsploåigok, omkek k ktlfêïd, lfodrkhk k rliclxïd l tdrfk ks
g`lgks kbstrktks ekgs odepcltks.

0 ‟ Ogtl lxlepcds l lxpcgqul k `gilrlfêk lftrl8

k-_åegcl l eltëidrk
Rlspdstk8
_åegcl trktk-sl `l uek odepkrkêïd `l `uks odgsks, kêüls, jrupds, g`lgks qul sïd
`g
`gil
ilrl
rlft
ftls
ls ue
uekk `k du
dutr
trk,
k, pd
pdrç
rçe
e sg
sgeg
egck
ckrl
rlss le qu
qukc
kcg`
g`k`
k`l.
l. Plr
lred
edss od
oded
ed 8 sl
slel
elcm
cmkf
kftl
tl,, od
oded
ed,,
kssge oded1 jlrkcelftl sïd leprljk`ds, eks fïd ç rljrk.
Lx8 Lgs qul lu vds lfvgd oded odr`lgrds pkrk d elgd `l cdbds.

Eltëid
Eltë idrrk ç uek
uek od
ode
epkrkê
krkêï
ïd subl
blf
ftl
tlff`g`
g`k
k, du sl
slhk hk,, kqug
ugccd qul lstë
stë fk elftl
ftl, eks fïfïd
d idg
idg
lxp
lxprlss
rlssd d. Ds tl
tlre
red
ds usk
sk`
`ds fk såe
åeggcl fïd sl kpcgcgok
okee kqug. Hë ds vlvlrb
rbd
ds slr l lstk
stkr slep
leprl
sïd leprljk`ds.

Lx8 Lu sdu k pdrtk…

b-^rdsdpdplgk (du plrsdfgigokêïd) l kpÿstrdil.

Rlspdstk8
^rd
^rdsdp
dpd
dpçgk
çgk sl rl
rlil
ilrl
rl î plrs
rsddfgi
giggok
okêï
êïd
d `l odg
dgsk
skss gfkfg
kfgek`
ek`ks.
ks. Okr
krko
kotl
tlrråstg
åstgooks du kêül
êüls
muekfks k dbhltds du kfgekgs.

Lx8 K egslrgoÿr`gk l k vlrl`k sl lfodftrkrke1 k hustgêk l k pkz sl blghkrke.

K kpÿstrdil odfsgstl fuek rlilrèfogk `grltk k ue dbhltd oded sl idssl uek plssdk, du
uek plssdk kuslftl. Fk prdsdpdpçgk d lsorgtdr ikck `l ue dbhltd oded sl idssl uek
plssdk, lfqukftd fk kpÿstrdil lcl ikck ode d dbhltd.

Lx8 ^dr qul iujgr, ÿ ekr4 L vdoè, Hdr`ïd, pdr qul rltrdol`lr.

< ‟ D qul ç uek plr lrj

juftk rlt
ltÿ
ÿrg
rgook4 Ogtl ue lxl
xle epcd le qul Hlsu lsus usdu `lstk igjurk
`l cgfjukjle.
Rlspdstk8
^lrj
^l rju
uftk
ftk rltÿ
ltÿrg
rgok
ok ç kqulc
ulck qul
qul fïd lxgj gjl
l uek rl
rlsspds
pdstk,
tk, pdg
dgss slu dbh
bhl
ltgv
tgvd ç idr
idrêkr
êkr d cl
clggtdr
tdr k
rlspdf`è-ck elftkclelftl l kvkcgkr suks gepcgokêüls.

Lxlepcd qul Hlsus usdu lssk igjurk `l cgfjukjle lstë le Cuoks ;;8;;-;2

–[ukc `lftrl vÿs ç d pkg qul sl d igcmd pl`gr pïd cml `krë uek pl`rk4 Du sl d igcmd cml pl`gr
ue plgxl cml `krë uek odbrk4 Du sl cml pl`gr ue dvd cml `krë ue lsodrpgïd4―
 GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.
EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.
K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD <.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

; ‟ [ukgs sïd ks prgfogpkgs `gilrlfêks lftrl ds eçtd`ds `l lstu`d tleëtgod l pdr

tÿpgods4
Rlspdstk8
D eç
eçtdtd`d
`d pd
pdrr tÿpg
tÿpgod
odss ç sl
slel
elcm
cmkf
kftltl kd eçtd
eçtd`d `d tl
tleë
eëtgtgodod,, pd
pdrç
rçe
e më `g `gil
ilrl
rlfê
fêks
ks ge
gepd
pdrt
rtkf
kftl
tlss
lftr
lf trl
l ds `d
`dggs. \ek `lc lck
ks ç qul ue tÿ tÿp
pgo
god
d tl tle
e, jlr
lrkc
kceelftl
lftl,, eug ugtd
tdss tlek
tlekss slou
ouff`ërg
`ërgd
ds. Le
ue lslstu
tu`
`d pdr tÿtÿpg
pgod
odss vd
vdoè
oè odf
dfssg`
g`llrk td
td`
`ds ds tl tlek
ekss rl rlck
ckog
ogd
dfk`
fk`ds. Du Dutr
trk
k `gilrl
ilrlffêk ç qul
ode d eçtd`d pdr tÿpgods vdoè fïd prl`ltlregfk ks plrjuftks qul qulr ikzlr sdbrl d
lstu
lstu`d
`d.. Kd gfgfvç
vçss `g
`gss
ssd,
d, vd
vdoè
oè kf
kfkc
kcgs
gsk
k td
td`d
`dss ds vl vlrs
rsåo
åouc
ucds ds slslee `g
`grl
rltr
trgz
gzls
ls pr
prll
llst
stkb
kblclclo
log`
g`ks
ks l
rl
rljg
jgst
strk
rk td`k
td`kss ks rlrlvl
vlck
ckêü
êüls
ls qu
qull `lso
`lsodbdbrg
rgrr. Ydo
doèè fï
fïdd cgcgeg
egtk
tk d lslstu
tu`d
`d îs rl
rlsp
spds
dstk
tkss `l qu
qukt
ktrd
rd
du ogfod plrjuftks oded fd oksd `d eçtd`d tleëtgod.

2 ‟ [ul oug`k`ds prlogskeds tlr kd utgcgzkr d eçtd`d `l lstu`d bgdjrëigod4

Rlspdstk8
D oug`k`d qul sl `lvl tlr ç fïd odfiuf`gr ds plrsdfkjlfs ode elsed fdels fk Båbc
åbcgk,
prdourkf`d sl olrtgigokr sl d vlrsåoucd le qulstïd sl trktk `k elsek plssdk.
? ‟ Lsodcmk uek `ks sljugftls plrsdfkjlfs båbcgoks8 Dfçsged, Odrfçcgd, Hkblz,
Hdfk
Hd fks,
s, Rut
Rutl, Ls
Lstl
tlrr. Bk
Bksl
slk`
k`dd fd
fdss pk
pkss
ssds
ds gf
gf`g
`gok
ok`d
`dss pl
plck
ck eltd
eltd`d
`dcd
cdjg
jgkk l ode
ode kh
khu`
u`kk `d
idreucërgd kbkgxd, lckbdrl ue lstu`d bgdjrëigod `k plrsdfkjle lsodcmg`k.

^lrsdfkjle8 Lstlr
Rlilrèfogks båbcgoks8 Cgvrd `l Lstlr
^rgfogpkgs iktds8 D hlhue `d pdvd,
pdvd, d cgvrkelftd
cgvrkelftd `ds Hu`lus.
Rlsued8 Lstlr lrk ÿriï eks ode k khu`k `l slu elftdr Ekr`dqulu (Edr`lokg) idg
lsod
lsodcm
cmg`
g`k
k oded
oded Rk
Rkgf
gfmk
mk fd cu
cujk
jkrr `l Yks
kstgtg.. L od
odfs
fslj
ljug
ugu
u sk
skcv
cvkr
kr d pd
pdvd
vd hu
hu`l
`lu
u `l ue ekss
ekssko korl
rl
ktr
ktrkvçs
kvçs `d hlh
hlhue kprl
rlj
jdk`
dk`d kd pdvd pdr su suk
k vg`
g`k
k, pkrk
pkrk sl kpr
prllslft
slftk
kr kd Rlg
lg.. D rl
rlgg ktlf`
tlf`l
lu
kd pl`g`d `lck l lfidrodu Mkeï fk prÿprgk idrok qul mkvgk prlpkrk`d pkrk Ekr`dqulu.

Kpcgokêïd plssdkc8
[ukf`d d pdvd `l @lus sl ufl le øfgod prdpÿsgtd `gkftl `l @lus, Lcl duvl l ktlf`l d
sdodrrd `l uek fkêïd.

0 ‟ Oded d eçtd`d `l lstu`d edridcÿjgod pd`l slr rlclvkftl pkrk suk vg`k orgstï4
Rlspdstk8
K gepdrtâfog
gepdrtâfogkk `lssl eçtd`d sl `ë prgfogpkcelftl
prgfogpkcelftl fd lstu`d `ks jrkf`ls `dutrgfks `k
^kckvrk `l @lus, qul jgrk le tdrfd `l uek øfgok pkckvrk, oded jrkêk, lxpgkêïd,
hustgigokêïd du iç. Lcl ç rlclvkftl pdrqul fds ikz busokr l lftlf`lr ekgs prdiuf`kelftl
prdiuf`kelftl d
sgjfgigok`d `ks Lsorgturks.
< ‟ Lsodcmk ue tlek båbcgod `l suk prlilrèfogk, `lcgegtl-d l, ode k khu`k `d
idreucërgd kbkgxd, kprlslftl-d uskf`d d eçtd`d tleëtgod.

Plek8 D kedr `l @lus

@lcgegtkêïd `d tlek8 Kedr gfodf`gogdfkc
gfodf`gogdfkc
Rlilrèfogks8 Hd ?8;91 Hd ;<8?1
;<8?1 Re <8=1 G Hd ?8;1 G hd ?8;9 G Hd 08;9
^lrjuftks8 ^drqul @lus kedu d euf`d4 [ul prdvks tleds `lssl kedr4 ^drqul
lstëvkeds kikstk`ds `l @lus4 Oded pdssd rlolblr lssl kedr4
Rlspdstks8
prÿprgd IgcmdD
, pkke
rkdrq`ul @
klmuusepklfckg`mku`e
l kvfdgc`tkks`sll idkg tlïrd ojdre
kfu`flmïkdpoddfe
td `lcll.`kLr kfïvdg`mkë`dke
sldur
ekgdr le qul `kr k suk prÿprgk vg`k pkrk rlsjktl l skcvkêïd. ^krk kolgtkr lssl kedr ç
prlogsd rlodfmlolr qul Hlsus Orgstd ç d Igcmd `l @lus l kolgtë-cd oded _lfmdr l _kcvk`dr.
Kpcgokê
Kpcgokêïd
ïd plssdkc
plssdkc88 Lu rlolbd l kolgtd lssl kedr ekgdr, ked k @lus pdgs slg qul lcl el
kedu prgelgrd. Kolgtd d skorgiåogd `l Hlsus fk oruz pkrk rlegssïd `ds elus plok`ds. L
prdeltd gegtkr d kedr `l @lus kd elu prÿxged.
 GF_PGP\PD PLDCßJGOD [\K@RKFJ\CKR.
EÇPD@D_ @L L_P\@D BÅBCGOD.
K\PDKPGYG@K@L
K\PDK PGYG@K@L @D OK^ÅP\CD 9.

Fdel8 Okrck _dkrls Ekrtgfs, ;¸ kfd, >7 `l `lzlebrd `l 2>2;.

[\L_PÜL_

; ‟ Ode suks prÿprgks pkc kckkvrk

rkss, lst
stkb
kblclcllêk k `gilrlf
rlfêk lftrl ds eçtd`ds kf kfkkcåtgod l
sgftçtgod.
Rlspdstk8
D eçtd`d sgftçtgod ç d eçtd`d le qul sl lstu`k k Båbcgk cgvrd pdr cgvrd. Lxgjl tlepd l
`l`gokêïd ç d eçtd`d ekgs `giåogc, eks ç d ekgs rlodeplfsk`dr.. Fd eçtd`d kfkcåtgod
odfsgstl le kfkcgskr uek pksskjle båbcgok `l idrek oug`k`dsk l odepcltk, tlf`d d
oug`
oug`k`
k`dd `l kfdt
kfdtkr
kr sl
slus
us pd
pdre
relflfdr
drls
ls.. K `g
`gil
ilrl
rlfê
fêkk ç qul
qul fd eç
eçtd
td`d
`d sgft
sgftçt
çtgo
god
d dc
dcmk
mked
edss d tlxt
tlxtd
d
ktrkvçs `l ue tlclsoÿpgd, fd ed`d kfkcåtgod vleds d tlxtd ktrkvçs `l ue egordsoÿpgd.

2 ‟ Lxpcgqul sdbrl d rkogdoåfgd gf`utgvd l `l`utgvd l oded sl kpcgoke kd lstu`d

båbcgod.
Rlspdstk8
D rko
rkogdoå
gdoåf
fgd gf`utg
`utgvd
vd cl
clvvk d kc
kcu
ufd k `lso
sod
dbrg
rgrr ks vl
vlr`
r`k
k`l
`lss pdr
pdr sg elsed
sed. D lstu
stu`d gf
gf`
`utgvd
tgvd
fïd
;- D`grgjl k Båbcgk,
qul vlhd4 pdrçe k Båbcgk `grgjl d lstu`d ktrkvçs `l très pkssds8
Dbslrvkêïd
2- D qul lftlf`d4 Gftlrprltkêïd
?- D qul ikêd4 Kpcgokêïd

? ‟ ^dr qul ç gepdrtkftl lstu`kr cgvrd pdr cgvrd `k Båbcgk4

Rlspdstk8
Kd lstu`kreds ue cgvrd `k Båbcgk, okptkeds k plrsplotgvk l k èfiksl jlrkc `d cgvrd. ^krk
lftl
lf tlf
f`lr
`lr k elfsk
skjjle `d cgcgvr
vrd
d `lv
`lvled
leds lst
stu
u`ë-c
-cd
d oded ue td`
td`d. Lstl
stl lstu
stu`d fds jk
jkrrkftl
kftl
ue kcgelftd sÿcg`d. Kssge odfmlolr k elfskjle lxprlssk le ok`k cgvrd l kpcgok ks
vlr`k`ls fk vg`k odtg`gkfk.

0 ‟ Fd tÿpgod –pkssd k pkssd pkrk sl tlr ue lstu`d sgftçtgod ode èxgtd― idg
kprlsl
kprl slfftk`k
tk`k uek
uek igom
igomkk ode
ode ;> gtlf
gtlfss pk
pkrk
rk sl
slrl
rle
e dbsl
dbslrv
rvk`
k`ds
ds fd lslstu
tu`d
`d `l ue cgcgvr
vrd
d `k
Båbcgk. Lckbdrl ue lstu`d sdbrl d cgvrd `l Igclede l kpcgqul lssls ;> lclelftds.
Rlspdstk8
; ‟ Kutdr `d cgvrd8 ^kucd
2 ‟ Ds `lstgfktërgds `d cgvrd8 Kd odckbdrk`
odckbdrk`dr
dr Igcledf, î greï Ëigk l kd odepkfmlgrd
odepkfmlgrd `l
cutks Krqugpd l kds elebrds `k gjrlhk le Odcdssds.
? ‟ K `ktk l k çpdok `d cgvrd8 ^rdvkvlcelftl 9; `.O.
0 ‟ D odftlxtd jldjrëigod `d cgvrd8 D cgvrd idg lsorgtd le Rdek lfqukftd ^kucd lstkvk
prlsd.
< ‟ Odfigrekêüls krquldcÿjgoks `d cgvrd8 Ks oÿpgks `ds ekfusorgtds.
ekfusorgtds.
9 ‟ Olfë
Olfërgrgd
d ouct
ouctur
urkc
kc `d cg
cgvr
vrd8
d8 D ls
lsor
orkv
kvdd qu
qul
l `l
`luu pr
prlh
lhuå
uåzd
zd l qu
qull rl
rlol
olbl
bl plr`
plr`ïd
ïd pk
pkss
sskf
kf`d
`d k
fïd slr ekgs kplfks ue lsorkvd eks ue kegjd, ue greïd.
: ‟ Odftlø`d8 Okrtk plssdkc l plrsuksgvk
plrsuksgvk ode kplcd
kplcd kd okrëtlr l î rkzïd.
= ‟ Plek tldcÿjgod `d cgvrd8 ^lr`ïd
7 ‟ Rlcl
Rlclgt
gtur
urk8
k8 ^l
^lr`
r`dk
dkrr `k else
elsek k id
idre
rekk qu
qul
l id
ided
edss pd
pdrr @lus
@lus.. Pke
kebçbçe
e çr
çrke
keds
ds lsor
lsorkv
kvds
ds `d
plok`d l ideds cgblrtds
;> ‟ Lsbdêd `d cgvrd8

^lr`ïd l kolgtkêïd Drkêïd l Jrktg`ïd _ku`kêïd ;-?

fk gjrlhk
Jrktg`ïd 0-:
^ltgêïd pdr Gftlrolssïd =-2;
Dfçsged
^rdelssk k Igcledf Odfocusïd 22-20

< ‟ Clgk d _kced 2? l lckbdrl8

\e lsbdêd `d skced (usl suks prÿprgks pkckvrks)1
[ukf`d lstkeds ode d _lfmdr fk`k fds ikctk, kd odfigkreds fd _lfmdr odfsljugeds
`lssokfs
`l okfsk
kr kpl
plsk
skrr `ks `gv
gvlr
lrsk
skss `gi
giggou
oucc`k`
`k`ls qul lfir
lfirl
lftke
tkeds `g
`gk
krg
rgke
kel
lftl
ftl. D _lfm
fmd
dr ç d
elu pkstdr, @kvg skbgk d qul lrk pkstdrlkr, @kvg skbgk oded lrk cg`lrkr.

\ek pkrëirksl `d skced1

[tuk
ukkfêï
sgtu
sg `dd, lLc
êïd stlduelodik
Lcl ez dpks
ikz _skr
lfrmpdlr ck
kssk , slëujuoks
cks dfspkr
gjrdk q`ullsolkufsigq
pk igkqrulle
trkfqquug
trk kccd,
qu, lLcl
ugcd Lcr lcuel
jkrj, ug
lke`qlukkod
ugk cqur`d
odr`ldr
ode k suk hustgêk. Kgf`k qul lu pkssl plck edrtl, lu fïd grlg tlr el`d, pdgs tlfmd k
olrtlzk qul @lus lstë odegjd.

\ek kfëcgsl `d skced le plcd elfds `uks vlrsüls `gilrlftls `k Båbcgk.

Kd kfkcgskre
kfkcgskreds
ds d _kced 2? le ekgs `l uek vlrsïd fdtk-sl qul pduoks sïd ks `gilrlfêks,
pdgs k g`lgk prgfogpkc `d skced ç ekftg`k fks `uks vlrsüls.