Vectori

Adunarea vectorilor: B
(regula triunghiului) A C
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Observatie: Scaderea vectorilor se face prin schimbarea semnului si a
“literelor” exemplu: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 =-𝐵𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
(regula paralelogramului) M P
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑁
Observatie: O N
𝑀𝑁 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑁 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝑀
𝑁𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Proprietatile vectorilor: 1) O
1) M-mijlocul segmentului [AB]
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀 = (𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 ) A M B
2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑀
2) M Є ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 ai. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘 2) O
𝑀𝐵
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
𝑂𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑘𝑂𝐵
(𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
1+𝑘

3) G=Centrul de greutate al lui ABC A M B

O Є Planului
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = (𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 )
3
 4) ABCD paralelogram
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐶 𝑠𝑎𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶
Coordonatele vectorilor in plan

M(𝑥𝑀 , 𝑦𝑀 )=> ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝑀 = 𝑥𝑀 𝑖 + 𝑦𝑀 𝑗 (𝑥𝑀 , 𝑦𝑀 ) (ecuatia vectorului ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=√𝑥𝑀
|𝑂𝑀 2 2
+ 𝑦𝑀 y
Operatii cu vectori: 𝒚𝑴 M
𝑣1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑀1 =𝑥1 𝑖 + 𝑦1 𝑗 𝑗 x
𝑣2 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑀2 =𝑥2 𝑖 + 𝑦2 𝑗 𝑖 𝑥𝑀

⃗⃗⃗⃗1 | = √𝑥12 + 𝑦12

|𝑣

⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √𝑥22 + 𝑦22

|𝑣
𝑣1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 = (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 )𝑖 + (𝑦1 + 𝑦2 ) 𝑗 𝑀1 ⃗⃗
𝑀
𝑣1 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 = (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )𝑖 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) 𝑗 𝑣1
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑀2
α ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣1 = α𝑥1 𝑖 + α𝑦1 𝑗 0 𝑣2
⃗⃗⃗⃗
−𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 =−𝑥1 𝑖 −𝑦1 𝑗
𝑣1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 = 𝑦2
A(𝑥𝐴 , 𝑦𝐴 ), B(𝑥𝐵 , 𝑦𝐵 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑖 + 𝑦𝐴 𝑗; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵 𝑖 + 𝑦𝐵 𝑗;
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √𝑥𝐴2 + 𝑦𝐴2 ;
|𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √𝑥𝐵2 + 𝑦𝐵2
|𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |= √(𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 )2 + (𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 )2 (𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑖)
AB=|𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = (xB − xA )i + (xB − xA )j
Produsul scalar al 2 vectori:

Formula: ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒗𝟏 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒗𝟐 = | ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⏞𝟏 , 𝒗
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝟐 |⋅cos(𝒗
𝒗𝟏 | ⋅ |𝒗 ⃗ 𝟐)

𝑣1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑀1 =𝑥1 𝑖 + 𝑦1 𝑗 𝑀1 = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
𝑣2 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑀2 =𝑥2 𝑖 + 𝑦2 𝑗 𝑀2 = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝑣1 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 =𝑥1 𝑥2 + 𝑦1 𝑦2
⏞ , 𝑣 )= ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ⋅𝑣
𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ⏞, 𝑣 ) = 𝑥1 𝑥2 +𝑦1 𝑦2
cos(𝑣1 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ => cos(𝑣1 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 |⋅|𝑣
|𝑣 2| √𝑥12 +𝑦12 ⋅√𝑥22 +𝑦22

𝑥1 𝑦1
𝑣1 ||𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝑣 𝑣2 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑖)
𝑥2 𝑦2

𝑣1 ⊥ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 𝑣1 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣2 =0 𝑥1 𝑥2 + 𝑦1 𝑦2 = 0 (𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣2 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖)

OBSERVATII:
𝑖2 = |𝑖| ⋅ |𝑖| ⋅ cos(𝑖, 𝑖)=1
𝑖 ⋅ 𝑗 = |𝑖| ⋅ |𝑗| ⋅ cos(𝑖, 𝑗)=0

Teorema lui Ceva:

AA’,BB’,CC’ concurente =>
𝐴′𝐵 𝐶𝐵 ′ 𝐶 ′ 𝐴
⋅ ⋅ =1
𝐴′𝐶 𝐴𝐵 ′ 𝐶 ′ 𝐵
Teorema lui Menelaus : M,N,P coliniare in ABC
𝑀𝐵 𝑃𝐶 𝑁𝐴
⋅ ⋅ =1
𝑀𝐶 𝑃𝐴 𝑁𝐵