PERSONAL PRONOUNS

PRONOMES SUJEITOS PRONOMES OBJETOS

(SUBJECT PRONOUNS) (OBJECT PRONOUNS)
Os Pronomes Sujeitos (Subject Pronouns) são usados como sujeito Os Pronomes Objetos (Object Pronouns) substituem os objetos
da oração ou substituem pessoas ou coisas que também estão na diretos ou indiretos, e sempre devem vir após verbos ou, em alguns
função de sujeito. casos, preposições.
I – eu ME – me, mim; -migo
YOU – te; ti; -tigo; você
YOU – tu;você
SINGULAR HIM – o; lhe; ele
SINGULAR HE – ele
HER – a; lhe; ela
SHE – ela
IT – o; a; lhe; ele; ela
IT – ele/ela (animais ou objetos)

US – nos; -nosco; nós

WE – nós PLURAL YOU – vos; -vosco; vocês
PLURAL YOU – vós; vocês THEM – os; as; lhes; eles
THEY – eles
• Usados como objeto do verbo.
Exemplos:
• Pronomes pessoais usados como sujeito da oração: He still loves her.
Exemplos: I’m going to see him tomorrow.
I am very poor. Take me to your office.
Won’t you give me something else?
She sat down on the river bank. • Usados como objeto, porém depois de preposição.
They went around the world together. Exemplos:
Look at them.
• Usados para substituir termos da oração: Bernado wants to go with you.
Exemplos: Between you and me
Women never go to the movies alone. They prefer to go
with their boyfriends.
• Substituindo nomes.
The executive will feel more energetic after gym. He will
feel healthy. Exemplos:
Pass Victória the pen = Pass her the pen.
• Usados em respostas simplificadas: I’ll visit Paulo next month = I’ll visit him next month.
Exemplos: Talk to Carla and Pedro = Talk to them.
Who wants a drink? I do.
Does he live in Tijuca? Yes, he does. PRONOMES ADJETIVOS POSSESSIVOS
Is Bia an architect? No, she isn’t. (POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES)
Os Adjetivos Possessivos (Possessive Adjectives) são usados
antes do substantivo para indicar que aquele substantivo pertence a
• O pronome “IT” é usado em várias expressões em que o alguém, e são relacionados ao sujeito da oração.
sujeito não é determinado.
Exemplos:
It is raining/snowing/freezing/windy/cloudy/cold/hot etc.
It is half past seven
It is me
It is time to go

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MY – meu(s); minha(s) PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS

YOUR – teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s); de você
(POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)
SINGULAR HIS – dele(s); seu(s); sua(s)
Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns) são usados com o
HER – dela(s); seu(s); sua(s) intuito de substituir o substantivo, ou seja, o objeto possuído na frase.
ITS – dele(s); dela(s); seu(s); sua(s)

Estão sempre relacionados ao sujeito.

MINE – meu(s); minha(s)
OUR – nosso(s); nossa(s) YOURS – teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s); de você
PLURAL YOUR – vosso(s); vossa(s); seu(s); sua(s); de vocês SINGULAR HIS – dele(s); seu(s); sua(s)
THEIR – deles; delas; seu(s); seu(s) HERS – dela(s); seu(s); sua(s)
ITS – dele(s); dela(s); seu(s); sua(s)
• Pronomes adjetivos possessivos usados antes do
substantivo que é a coisa possuída por alguém.
Exemplos: OURS – nosso(s); nossa(s)
My car; Her room; Our bank account PLURAL YOURS – vosso(s); vossa(s); seu(s); sua(s); de vocês

   THEIRS – deles; delas; seu(s); seu(s)

Meu carro Sua sala Nossa conta bancária

Sala dela Os pronomes possessivos são usados depois do substantivo e
quando o substantivo estiver subentendido.
Their children Exemplos:
This car is yours.

Seus filhos seu / seus



Deles / Delas Paula is in her car. I am in mine.
• Os adjetivos possessivos referem-se ao sujeito da oração.
my car


Have you hurt your hand?
  This is your bike. That is hers.

her bike


She is going to clean her house.
 
Os pronomes possessivos também concordam com o sujeito.
Exemplos:
They decided to park their car here. Whose pen is this? It’s Paulo’s. It’s his.
   

Where is Carla’s book? Hers is on the floor.

 

PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS (REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS)

Os Pronomes Reflexivos (Reflexive Pronouns) são usados para expressar ação reflexiva, ou seja, indica que o sujeito da oração executou e sofreu
a ação do verbo. Pode também ser utilizado quando queremos dizer que o sujeito realizou a ação sem a ajuda de ninguém; neste caso, o pronome
reflexivo ser precedido da preposição “by”. Usa-se também o pronome reflexivo para expressar ênfase; neste caso, o pronome deve vir logo após
o sujeito, e deve combinar com a coisa ou pessoa que está enfatizando.
MYSELF – me; mesmo(a); próprio(a); mim mesmo(a)
YOURSELF – te; ti; mesmo(a); próprio(a); ti mesmo(a); você mesmo(a);
SINGULAR HIMSELF – se; si; mesmo; próprio; a ele mesmo.
HERSELF – se; si; mesma; própria; a ela mesma.
ITSELF – se; si; mesmo(a); próprio(a); a ele / ela mesmo(a).

OURSELVES – nos; mesmos(as); próprios(as); a nós mesmos(as);

PLURAL YOURSELVES – vos; mesmos(as); próprios(as); a vós mesmos(as);
THEMSELVES – se; si; mesmos(as); próprios(as); a eles / elas mesmos(as);

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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS

• Usados com verbos reflexivos, em que o sujeito e o REFERÊNCIA PRONOMINAL -

objeto da ação são os mesmos.
Exemplos:
PRONOUN REFERENCE
O pronome geralmente substitui outro termo.
Look at yourself in the mirror!
Nas questões de prova, a banca pergunta a que termo do texto o
We enjoyed ourselves in Maceió.
pronome se refere.
Have you hurt yourself with that knife?
Muitas vezes esse termo que o pronome se refere está anterior a
• O pronome reflexivo é usado em sentenças em que o ele, mas em alguns casos aparece depois. Os pronomes referenciais
sujeito pratica a ação por ele mesmo. podem ser todos os tipos de pronomes, como os: pronomes pessoais,
objetos, possessivos, reflexivos, demonstrativos e relativos.
Exemplos:
I’ll just get myself the ball before the game starts.
 
Uso dos pronomes referenciais.
He made himself a drink. Exemplos:
After buying the new car, João sold it.
 

I’ve just bought myself a new car.

 

She lives by herself. Victor, take the seats out of the car and fix them.
 

• Usado para enfatizar ou realçar o sujeito ou o objeto

da oração.
Exemplos:
The principal (sujeito) himself called the student.
Thales loved the book (objeto) itself, but he didn’t like the The manager told the employees that they would receive a bonus.
film.
Why don’t you like him, the student next to the window?
• Há casos em que os pronomes reflexivos são usados
com preposição e também quando as preposições são
parte do “phrasal verb”.
Exemplos:
After he had received his orders, the soldier left the barracks.
Look after yourself. / Take care of yourself.
Don’t do it for him, let him do it for himself.
She lives by herself. / He’s old enough to go to Manaus by
himself.

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE

PRONOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS PRONOUNS

I ME MY MINE MYSELF

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELF

HE HIM HIS HIS HIMSELF

SHE HER HER HERS HERSELF

IT IT ITS ITS ITSELF

WE US OUR OURS OURSELVES

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELVES

THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS THEMSELVES

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EXERCÍCIOS DE O pronome “it” em “It will be dismantled” refere-se a

FIXAÇÃO a) “embaixadas”.
b) “livros”.
c) “doações”.
d) “biblioteca”.
e) “torre de livros”.

07. (FCC) “I’ve seen ______ books on the table. Have you seen
01. (AFA) “The film BACK TO THE FUTURE, Michael J. Fox plays a ______?”.
teenager who accidentally travels back 30 years in time. There he
a) your - my c) your - mine e) yours - my
meets his parents, who are still teenagers and haven’t fallen in love
yet. He has to help them get together, because if they don’t get b) yours - mine d) your - me
married, he won’t exist!”
In the text above, the pronoun they refers to TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 08 E 09:
a) H.G.Wells and Michael J. Fox. FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
b) the accidentally travels. Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is
prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by
c) 30 years in time.
economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure,
d) M.J.Fox’s parents in the film. overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause
of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine
02. (EEAR) “Daisy Ridley, who plays a mysterious scavenger named the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors
Rey, and John Boyega, who plays a disaffected Stormtrooper named determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political
Finn, are among the new heroes of “The Force Awakens” and are factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage
bracing themselves for the biggest roles of their careers.” has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include
The word “themselves” refers to: starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political 1unrest.
There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using
a) Daisy Ridley and John Boyega. both emergency and long term measures.
b) Princess Leia and Han Solo. Causes of food shortages?
c) The Force Awakens. [...] There are several economic factors that contribute to food
d) Roles and careers. shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in
agricultural production. 7Poverty situation in developing nations have
03. (EFOMM) “Typhoon Ida left a trail of destruction in ___________ reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford
wake. It swept the country from coast to coast”. seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot 8yield
a) mine c) his e) its enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and
developing are very low in developing nations. 9Recent global financial
b) ours d) hers crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in
agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations
04. (EFOMM) “She didn’t buy the furniture because _______ was too resulting in reduced food production.
expensive”.
[...]
a) it c) they
Solution to problem of food shortage:
b) its d) them
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There
is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to
05. (UNESP 1988) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual
frase “People should know about ______”. efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear,
a) yourself c) himself e) yourselves and geothermal power in homes and industries, because 10they don’t
b) herself d) themselves have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations
should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable
energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere
06. (UNIOESTE 2012) Leia.
(Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic
ARGENTINA BUILDS A TOWER OF BOOKS bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at
This is simply an audio and visual celebration of the book – any promoting green environment.
books, all books, in whichever language you like. Works by Jane [...]
Austen, Dickens, Henry Blake, Ernest Hemingway, Cervantes, Vargas Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-
Llosa, Tolstoy and Argentina's own favourites, Borges and Sabato, line causeseffects-solutions/. Acesso em: 14 fev 2017.
the walls of this tower, each wrapped in plastic for its own protection.
The United Nations has designated the city as the 2011 World 08. (EPCAR/AFA 2018) The personal pronoun “they” (ref. 10) refers to
Book Capital. a) adverse effects.
This book tower is 25 metres high and lined with 30,000 donations b) homes and industries.
from more than 50 embassies. It'll be dismantled at the end of the c) geothermal power.
month and the books will form the beginning of a multi-lingual library.
d) some kinds of clean energy.
The Buenos Aires Book Fair, one of the biggest in the world,
has just ended, recording more visitors than ever before. The city
09. (EPCAR/AFA 2018) In “Poverty situation in developing nations
boasts hundreds of bookshops and some cafes even supply works by
have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot
Argentina's most renowned literary icon, Jorge Luis Borges, to read
afford seed and fertilizers” (ref. 7), the underlined word means
over coffee. Buenos Aires is a city that loves its books and now it has
a tower to prove it. a) poverty situation.
(Daniel Schweimler, BBC News, Buenos Aires. Fonte: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ b) developing nations.
worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenew s/2011/05/110516_witn
_buenosaires_books_page1.shtml)
c) seed and fertilizers.
d) most farmers.

216 PROMILITARES.COM.BR

10. At the Fourth World Conference on Women, Hillary Clinton
stated, “It’s time for to say here in Beijing, and for the world
to hear, that it is no longer acceptable to discuss’ rights women’s as
separate from human rights.
(Uel 1996) Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que preenche
corretamente a lacuna da frase apresentada.
a) we c) our e) ourselves
b) us d) ours
EXERCÍCIOS DE
TREINAMENTO
01. (UPF 2015) Answer question(s) according to text.
KING COUNTY KICKS OFF BAG RECYCLING
CAMPAIGN WITH BUS FULL OF BAGS
In the sentence “The best way to recycle plastic bags is to stuff them
all in a single bag, tie it up and bring them back to this store”, the
expressions “them – it – them” refer, respectively, to:
a) plastic bags - a single bag - plastic bags.
b) the best way - a single bag - plastic bags.
c) a single bag - plastic bags - a single bag.
d) this store - a single bag - plastic bags.
e) plastic bags - this store - plastic bags.
02. (UFRGS 2014) Leia.
I am happy to join 1__________ you today in what will go down
in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of
our nation.
In the process 2__________ gaining our rightful place we must not
be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for
freedom 3__________ drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity
and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate
into physical violence. 4The marvelous new militancy which has
engulfed the 15Negro community must not lead us to distrust of 8all
white people, for 13many of our white brothers, as evidenced by 5their
presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied
up with our destiny and their freedom is 17inextricably bound to our
freedom. We cannot walk alone. I have a 9dream that one day 11this
nation will rise up and 18live out the true 16meaning of 6its creed: “We
hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
19
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with.
When we allow 10freedom to 12ring, when we let 7it ring from every
state and every city, we will speed up that 14day when all of God’s
children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants
and Catholics, will join hands and sing the old Negro spiritual, “Free at
last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”
(Adaptado de: LUTHER KING JR., Martin. I have a dream. Disponível em: <http://
www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf>. Acesso em: 06 set. 2013.)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta os referentes de their (ref. 5), its
(ref. 6) e it (ref. 7), respectivamente.
a) all white people (ref. 8) – dream (ref. 9) – freedom (ref. 10)
b) all white people (ref. 8) – this nation (ref. 11) – ring (ref. 12)
c) many of our white brothers (ref. 13) – this nation (ref. 11) – freedom
(ref. 10)
d) many of our white brothers (ref. 13) – this nation (ref. 11) – day
(ref. 14)
e) Negro community (ref. 15) – meaning (ref. 16) – freedom (ref.10)
03. (UFSM 2014)
NATURE & HEALTH - A DIRECT CONNECTION
Green spaces promote physical, psychological weII-being
By Julia Collins
The link between nature and health has finally been solidified.
2
British scientists Richard Mitchell, of Glasgow University, and Frank
Popham, of the University of St. Andrews, distinguished a direct
connection between contact with natural environments and improved
health.
4
The scientists studied a total of 941 million people between 2001
and 2005 to determine the links between fatal illnesses and access to
green spaces.
3
The evidence of their study shows 7green spaces have the most
positive effects on circulatory health, though 6they have little effect
on lung cancer.
1
“Evidence suggests that contact with such environments
has independent salutogenic effects, for example, green spaces
independently promote physical activity,” according to their findings
published in the British medical journal The Lancet.
However, 8they also say 5improved health is not only positively
affected by physical activity in natural environments. “Several studies
have shown that contact (either by presence or visual) with green
spaces can be psychologically and physiologically restorative, reducing
blood pressure and stress levels and possibly promoting faster healing
in patients after surgical intervention,” their study says.
Young again
Nature photography isn't the only outdoor activity that can aid
health. Golf, gardening, and simply sitting outside in the sunshine
have similar effects on mental and physical wellbeing.
According to Richard Louv, author of 13critically acclaimed Last
Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder,
“the 10same benefits that come to children from nature also come to
adults almost immediately: 11reduced stress, accentuated senses, and
increased attention span.”
“The bottom line is 12it's not a bitter pill. [Getting outside] is
something that's fun that makes us all healthier and stimulates our
bodies and our minds and our souls. Nobody loses; everybody gains.”
(<http://ericksontribune.com/2010/09/nature-health-a-direct- connection/>.
Acesso em: 20 jul. 2013 - adaptado)
Assinale verdadeira (V) ou falsa (F) em cada afirmativa a seguir.
( ) “they” (ref. 6) refere-se a “green spaces” (ref. 7).
( ) “they” (ref. 8) refere-se a “41 million people” (ref. 9).
( ) “same benefits” (ref. 10) refere-se a “reduced stress, accentuated
senses, and increased attention span” (ref. 11).
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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
( ) “it” (ref. 12) refere-se a “critically acclaimed Last Child in the
Woods: Saving our Children from Nature- Deficit Disorder” (ref. 13).
A sequência correta é
a) F – V – V – V. c) F – F – V – F. e) V – F – V – F.
b) V – V – F – F. d) V – F – F – V.
04. (UFTM 2012)
PSYCHOLOGY OF MONEY
STUDY: THE RICH REALLY ARE MORE SELFISH
By Brad Tuttle August 12, 2011
“Lower-class” individuals – i.e., folks without much money or
education – demonstrate more compassion and empathy than their
wealthy counterparts, according to a series of psychological studies.
In social scientist speech, “self-oriented behavior” is more likely to
be exhibited by people with good education, prestigious jobs, high
income, and overall higher-ranking social status.
[...]
3
How the heck can researchers measure something like empathy?
One study, for instance, asked participants to identify the emotions
on display in photos of people with different facial expressions.
Those with high-school-only educations showed “greater empathetic
accuracy” than participants with college educations.
[...]
Another study cited in the paper involved giving participants 10
points, which would later be traded in for money. The individuals
given the points were to divide them up between themselves and an
anonymous partner. 4Guess who shared more of their points?
We found that individuals reporting lower subjective socioeconomic
status gave more to their partner than did upper-socioeconomic-status
participants. In this context, the next time you’re called “low-class,”
5
consider it a compliment.
(http://moneyland.time.com. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt of the sixth paragraph – Guess who shared more of their
points? (ref. 4) – the word their refers to
a) anonymous partners. d) upper-class participants.
b) participants. e) researchers.
c) lower-class individuals.
05. (PUC-RS 2008)
It is an old saying that "Order is Heaven's First Law", and like
many other old sayings, it contains a much deeper philosophy
than appears immediately on the surface. Getting things into
a better order is the great secret of progress, and 1we are now
able to fly through the air, not because the laws of Nature have
altered, but because we have learnt to arrange things in the right
order to produce this result - the things 2themselves had existed
from the beginning of the world, but what was wanting was the
introduction of a Personal Factor which, by an intelligent perception
of the possibilities contained in the laws of Nature, should be able
to bring into working reality ideas which previous generations would
have laughed at as the absurd fancies of an unbalanced mind. (...)
Now the first thing in any investigation is to have some idea of what
you are looking for, just as you would not go up a tree to find fish,
though you would for birds' eggs.
(TROWARD, T. (1915), The creative process in the individual.
Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. pp 1-2.)
The pronoun "themselves" (ref. 2) is used
a) as the complement to the verb "had existed".
b) to emphasize the subject of the verb "had existed".
c) in relation to people taken in general.
d) to specify which things are arranged.
e) as a personal pronoun.
218 PROMILITARES.COM.BR
06. (UEMG 2017)
HOW A YOUNG STUDENT’S INNOVATIVE IDEA HOPES TO BOOST
RESPONSE TIMES FOR EMTS
By Woody Brown on June 1, 2015
Drones have been at the forefront of the national conversation for
years now. As the components needed to create them grow smaller
and more affordable, many companies and organizations have started
exploring the potential that drones could have to improve our daily
lives. Whether by delivering a product with unprecedented speed or
taking photographs and video from new heights, drones have many
capabilities, most of which we have yet to discover. One young man,
however, has envisioned a new way to use drones that could save
thousands of lives.
One of the greatest obstacles facing first responders and
emergency medical technicians [EMTs] when it comes to the difficult
business of saving lives is time. Think of your daily commute: people
in the United States spend an average of 25.5 minutes traveling one-
way to work every day. In bumperto-bumper traffic, blaring sirens
and flashing lights are often not enough to clear a fast path for an
ambulance to reach someone in need. During cardiac arrest, there are,
at most, a few minutes to save a person’s life. After that, the mortality
rate rises steeply. With stakes this high, every second counts.
Alec Momont, a graduate student in engineering at Delft University
of Technology in the Netherlands, recognized this problem and saw a
way to significantly reduce deaths that result from delayed emergency
care. What if ambulances could fly? Or rather, what if we could make
a drone that functioned like a stripped-down, lightweight automatic
external defibrillator [AED]? AEDs, which can be found in schools,
sports arenas and many government buildings, are significantly more
effective than cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] at preventing
fatalities resulting from cardiac arrest. CPR can be helpful, but an AED
is better, and very few people have AEDs in their cars or homes.
As his master’s degree project, Momont built a prototype of this
lifesaving drone. It contained an AED, a microphone and speakers.
The average travel time, according to him, could be cut by 90 percent.
Here’s how it works: In the event of cardiac arrest, a paramedic would
respond to a call by flying the drone at a speed of 60 mph to the
scene of the emergency. The paramedic would then give instructions
to someone near the victim, who would position the AED. Once in
place, the AED would operate automatically. The paramedic would be
able to see through the camera whether or not the pads on the AED
have been correctly positioned, and how the victim responds.
A dramatized video released by Momont’s university demonstrates
all of this functionality. In it, a young woman calls emergency services
in a panic because her father has had a heart attack. A calm-voiced
EMT answers and guides her through the surprisingly simple process
of finding and using the drone. Fewer than two minutes after she
makes the call, her father sits up and hugs her.
[...]
We live in a world where drones have, so far, been used mostly in
armed conflict. Momont, however, has a different vision. In the near
future that he describes, tens of thousands of needless deaths will
be prevented with his ingenious invention. That is certainly welcome
news, especially in the United States, which deals with skyrocketing
numbers of heart-related ailments and disabilities. “Let’s use drones
for a good purpose,” Momont says. “Let us use drones to save lives.”
(Adapted from: <http://www.verizonwireless.com/news/article/2015/05/ambu
lance- dronescould- save-thousands-of-lives.html>. Access on: 03 Oct. 2016.)
Mark T (true) and F (false) for the correlations between pronouns and
their referents in the text.
( ) it (paragraph 5) –> video.
( ) who (paragraph 4) –> victim.
( ) them (paragraph 1) –> drones.
( ) which (paragraph 1) –> capabilities.

The correct sequence is
a) F, T, F, T. b) T, T, F, T. c) T, F, T, T. d) T, F, F, F.
07. (PUC-RJ 2017)
FALCON SOARS INTO SPACE AND LANDS IN THE OCEAN
Musk’s Falcon 9 rocket had just shot 200 km up into space and
flown almost horizontal to the planet at six times the speed of sound,
before falling back to Earth. Then, somehow, it landed like a feather
on a robotic barge in the ocean. The Falcon even found time to put an
inflatable space habitat into orbit, too.
Engines and boosters have been dropping into the big drink
from the moment NASA began launching Mercury astronauts into
space. Most of those rockets sunk to the bottom of the ocean. Some
components of the space shuttle were recovered, of course, and the
orbiter itself landed on a runway. But never before Friday has a rocket
blasted into space and then returned to make a vertical landing at sea.
These are 1heady times for a new generation of private spaceflight
companies. It was only 2five months ago that Blue Origin launched
3
its 4New Shepard rocket to space before landing 5it vertically in West
Texas. SpaceX followed suit in December when its larger and more
powerful Falcon 9 not only flew to space, but delivered a satellite into
orbit and touched down at a landing site along the Florida coast near
its launch pad. Now SpaceX has taken the significant step of landing
at sea.
6
That’s critical, because it’s much more fuel efficient for a rocket
to touchdown on a ship below the point where it releases its payload
into orbit, rather than go all the way back to a landing site near the
Florida coast. SpaceX estimates that only one-half of its launches will
have enough fuel to fly back to the coast after fulfilling their primary
missions.
After trying reusability with the 7space shuttle, 8which proved
far more expensive to refurbish for subsequent flights, NASA has
largely given up on reusable spaceflight. Russia, Europe, and other
government agencies have too. 9So it fell to the new space companies,
with their ethos of low-cost, to make frequent launches as a means of
opening up access to space, in order to push the technology forward.
SpaceX and Blue Origin have been the most visible proponents of
reusable launch vehicles. But other firms, including XCOR, 10Masten
Space Systems, and Virgin Galactic, are interested too. 11They do not
seek so much to win lucrative government contracts, but to get lots
of people and stuff into space, to create a space economy, and to
set about the business of colonizing the solar system. “This was a
really good milestone for the future of spaceflight,” Musk said. “This
is another step to the stars”, he added.
12
Despite SpaceX’s arresting success on Friday, the job is not yet
done. 13The venerable space shuttle offers a 14sobering lesson for
these new space companies. 15Whereas NASA said in the 1970s the
shuttle would slash the cost of delivering payloads into space to $25 a
pound, it ended up costing closer to $25,000 a pound. It’s one thing
to land a rocket, and it’s another thing to fly it again without spending
a lot of time and money.
Musk must prove that his Falcon 9 rocket can be re-flown with
modest modifications. After the first SpaceX landing in December, the
company performed a static firing test of the 16vehicle, 17which went
well until one of the nine engines showed thrust fluctuations. That
rocket will stand as a monument outside the company’s headquarters
in Hawthorne, California. Perhaps the Falcon 9 that landed at sea will
be flown again.
18
“It should fly again,” Musk said Friday. SpaceX will try to return
the booster back to Cape Canaveral, in Florida, by Sunday. After
running a series of tests on the Falcon, the company plans to fire its
engines 10 times in a row on the ground. “If things look good, it will
be qualified for reuse,” Musk said. “We’re hoping to relaunch it on an
orbital mission, let’s say by June”, he added.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
19
Initially SpaceX plans to reduce the cost of a Falcon 9 rocket with
a reused booster to $43 million per flight, a savings of 30 percent.
But this is only the beginning. Musk wants to make nearly all of the
Falcon 9 launch system reusable, and he wants to make launches and
landings routine. “Rapid and complete reusability is really important
to make a rocket cost effective, like an airplane,” he said. “We’ve got
to ultimately get rockets to that point.” “A Falcon 9 might fly as many
as 100 times before retirement”, he added.
(Eric Berger Retrieved and adapted from http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/04/ like-
a-boss-falcon-soars-into-space-and-lands-in-the-ocean/ Access on July 2nd, 2016.)
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
a) “its” (ref. 3) refers to “five months ago” (ref. 2).
b) “it” (ref. 5) refers to “New Shepard rocket” (ref. 4).
c) “which” (ref. 8) refers to “space” (ref. 7).
d) “They” (ref. 11) refers to “Masten Space Systems” (ref. 10).
e) “which” (ref. 17) refers to “vehicle” (ref. 16).
08. (EN 2017) Based on the text below, answer the question.
TOO MANY THIRD GRADERS CAN’T READ THIS SENTENCE
9 Feb. 2017 – Editor’s Picks
Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will impact
their future, including academic struggles that could lead to dimmer
academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one in three U.S. students
demonstrates reading proficiency at the end of third grade. This has
alarming consequences for these children, and for our country.
A report released today from the Business Roundtable (BRT)
shed light on this troubling trend in American education, and advises
business leaders on how they can help put more children on a path
to success. (…)
I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are learning
to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to learn. Grade three
is a crossroads in a life’s journey. If you’ve read this far, then you
understand why is so important. Not enough of our young learners
can say the same.
I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please
consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep students on
paths to bright futures.
[...]
(Adapted from http://www.linkedin.com.)
By reading the text, we CANNOT state that the pronoun
a) “their” in “Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that
will impact their future […]” refers to “Two- thirds of U.S. third
graders”.
b) “these” in “This has alarming consequences for these children
[…]” refers to “only one in three U.S. students”.
c) “they” in “[…] how they can help put more children on a path to
success.” refers to “business leaders”.
d) “they” in “[…] while after third grade, they’re reading to learn.”
refers to “students”.
e) “you” in “I encourage you to read the BRT report.” refers to the
reader.
09. (CESESP) Peter and Anne are friends of ______ . I like ______ very
much. I suppose ________ also like me.
a) me – they- she
b) mine – them – they
c) yours – her – she
d) them – them – they
e) him – him – he
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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS

10. (EN) Which is the correct way to complete the excerpt below? 06. (ITA) Assinale a alternativa correta.
THE LEGACY OF HARTLEPOOL a) Both he and I teach English.
He thought that if he had the courage to visit the Long Gallery, the b) Both him and I teach English.
portraits of ________ ancestors would come to life in ______ frames. c) Both he and me teach English.
_______ would point ______ fingers and say: “We did ______ duty.
We spent the money as __________ . was meant to be spent [...]". d) Both him and me teach English.

a) him – its – we – ours – ours – he e) n.d.a.

b) him – theirs – they – their – ours – it

07. (STA CASA) “Why don’t they enjoy __________ instead of watching
c) her – their – we – ours – our – he that dull TV programme”?
d) his – their – they - their – our – it a) yourself
e) his – its – they – theirs – our – it b) ourselves
c) yourselves
d) themselves
EXERCÍCIOS DE

COMBATE
e) himself

08. (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a

lacuna da frase apresentada:
“Catherine is making __________ a dress”.
01. (AFA) “The Kremlin hoping a young strongman can preserve its
brutal victory in Chechnya.” a) to him d) herself
(Newsweek, September, 2006) b) to her e) they
c) himself
Mark the alternative that completes the blanks of the statement
below. 09. (CESGRANRIO) Mark the option which completes the following
“The word its is a (an) __________ pronoun and refers to__________”. sentences with the adequate pronouns:
a) personal - young strong man I. Businessmen have __________ own priorities.
b) reflexive - Chechnya II. Everyone must feel happy with __________ working habits.
c) possessive adjective - The Kremlin hoping III. Working from home allows a mother to spend more time with
d) objective - victory __________ children.
IV. If you have never tried to work at home, you cannot discuss
02. (EFOMM) “As a tool, the computer assists __________ to perform __________ disadvantages.
a lot of activities”. a) I. his - II. their - III. her - IV. their
a) we d) they b) I. their - II. its - III. their - IV. its
b) us e) to mine c) I. their - II. his - III. her - IV. its
c) ourselves d) I. its - II. your - III. its - IV. their
e) I. his - II. his - III. their - IV. your
03. (AFA) The pronoun the best substitutes the underlined words in
the sentence: “The buyers found it easy.” is
10. (EFOMM) In which sentence “it” is not correctly used?
a) you. c) they.
a) I can not bear it to see women crying.
b) he. d) we.
b) She found it strange being in that flat.

04. (EN) In the excerpt: “But if libraries are going to survive the digital c) We owe it to society to help those who need help.
age, they need to be more about helping patrons filter vast quantities d) I take it that you won't be working tomorrow.
of digital information rather than access to analog materials.” the e) I'll leave it to John to let them know.
pronoun “they” refers to:
a) libraries.
b) the digital age.
GABARITO
c) patrons. EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO
d) quantities of digital information. 01. D 04. A 07. C 10. B
e) analog materials. 02. A 05. D 08. D
03. E 06. E 09. B
05. (EN) “Path, the mobile phone-based social network founded by EXERCÍCIOS DE TREINAMENTO
former Facebook employee Dave Morin, which only allows its users to
01. A 04. B 07. B 10. D
have 150 friends, is gaining users in a week.”
02. C 05. B 08. B
The pronoun its refers to:
03. E 06. C 09. B
a) employee.
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE
b) Path.
01. C 04. A 07. D 10. A
c) Dave Morin.
02. B 05. B 08. D
d) Facebook.
03. C 06. A 09. C
e) mobile.

220 PROMILITARES.COM.BR