Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Introduo Bioinformtica
Professores:
Luciano Maia
Antonio Costa de Oliveira
Primer design
ou
Desenho de oligos
ou
Desenho de primers
ou
Desenho de iniciadores
Luciano Maia
Breslauer et al. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 83(11): 37463750.
Lembrando.termodinamica
Entalpia (H) :
Energia contida num sistema
Entropia (S):
diferena entre H e G
Depende da complexidade do sistema
Maior complexidade
= menor entropia
Menor complexidade
= maior entropia
....desordem
Lembrando.termodinamica
( TC, 1 atm)
H2 + Cl2
(25C, 1 atm)
=>
2 HCl + 184,9 kJ
H = -184,9 kJ
Exotrmica
Absorve energia
H2 + I2 + 51,8 kJ
=>
2 HI
H = +51,8 k
Endotrmica
Libera energia
Lembrando.termodinamica
Reao exotrmica:
reao qumica que libera calor
energia final dos produtos menor que a energia inicial dos reagentes
Disso se conclui que a variao de energia negativa.
Exemplo: COMBUSTIVEIS
Lembrando.termodinamica
Reao Endotrmica:
reao qumica que absorve calor
a energia final dos produtos maior que a energia inicial dos reagentes
Desta forma a variao de energia positiva
Lembrando.termodinamica
Energia livre (G) - Saldo de energia (energia til para realizar trabalho):
G = H T . S
G = - 68,300 + 11,6
G = - 56,6 kcal/mol
espontnea a reao
H
espontnea a reao
H
S (entropia desordem)
Breslauer et al. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 83(11): 37463750.
De 25 para 37C
Breslauer et al. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 83(11): 37463750.
De 25 para 37C
Breslauer et al. (1986) Predicting DNA duplex stability from the base sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 83(11): 37463750.
De 25 para 37C
OBTENO DE PRIMERS
...
BASEADO NAS PROPRIEDADES TERMODINAMICAS
DAS CADEIAS DE NUCLEOTIDEOS, SAL E TEMPERATURAS
R=
=
T0 =
t=
t
OBTENO DE PRIMERS
OBTENO DE PRIMERS
Figure 2. The stability of a 25 base (CTG GTC TGG ATC TGA GAA CTT CAG G) varies with K+
and Mg2+ concentrations. Competitive binding of ions to DNA is observed.
Tm vs Ta
DEFINIES...
GENERALIZAES...
Temperature melting
Tm = 4(G+C) + 2(A+T)
Temperatura de anelamento
.empirico
.experimental
Ta = Tm 3 C
Ta = Tm 5 C
??!!
Tm
Primer length
G/C content
GC clamp
Self-Complementary
1)Hairpins : formado por interaes dentro do primer.
GGCGGT ATG ATCCCGCTA GTT AC
GGCGG T A
TA GTT ACCGCC
G
C T AT
Self-Complementary
GGCGG T A
TA GTT ACCGCC
G
C T AT
3end Hairpin:
Internal hairpin:
G -2 kcal/mol
G -3 kcal/mol
G -5 kcal/mol
G -6 kcal/mol
>seqncia_exemplo
ATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATA
TCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTT
GGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGG
CGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATATA
TATATATATATAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATCGGAG
GGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCATCGATA
TCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCG
GAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGG
CGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGAGGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGAGGATTTGGGCGA
GGDGATATCGGAGGGCGGGA
PRIMER REVERSE
PRIMER FOWARD
>sequencia
exemplo
REGIO AMPLIFICADA
Desenho de primers
PROGRAMAS ON-LINE
http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/cgi-bin/primer3/primer3_www.cgi
Padro ouro
Facilidade de uso
Disponibilidade on line
ROZEN, S.; SKALETSKY, H. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for
biologist programmers. Methods in molecular biology, v.132, p.365-386, 2000.
start
1815258
1815258
1815582
1816286
1816531
1816612
1816766
1817043
1817258
1817351
1817469
1817685
1817896
1818133
1818195
1818306
1818525
stop
1818561
1815581
1816285
1816530
1816611
1816765
1817042
1817257
1817350
1817468
1817684
1817895
1818132
1818194
1818305
1818524
1818561
Accession Locus
NM_001063247.1
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
exon
O
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
UTR
324 bp
704 bp
245 bp
81 bp
154 bp
277 bp
215 bp
93 bp
118 bp
216 bp
211 bp
237 bp
62 bp
111 bp
219 bp
37 bp
start
1815258
1815258
1815582
1816286
1816531
1816612
1816766
1817043
1817258
1817351
1817469
1817685
1817896
1818133
1818195
1818306
1818525
stop
1818561
1815581
1816285
1816530
1816611
1816765
1817042
1817257
1817350
1817468
1817684
1817895
1818132
1818194
1818305
1818524
1818561
Start = 324
End = 324 + 704 = 1.028
Accession Locus
NM_001063247.1
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
intron
exon
exon
O
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
CDS
UTR
324 bp
704 bp
245 bp
81 bp
154 bp
277 bp
215 bp
93 bp
118 bp
216 bp
211 bp
237 bp
62 bp
111 bp
219 bp
37 bp
Start = 324
End = 324 + 704 = 1.028
2) Resultado (Parte 1)
Start = 324
End = 324 + 704 = 1.028
Start = 324
End = 324 + 704 = 1.028
Start = 324
End = 324 + 704 = 1.028
Desenho de primers
PROGRAMAS stand-alone
Vector NTI
Facilidade de uso
Disponibilidade programa livre
Desenho de primers
Vector NTI
1) Obter sequencia gravar em arquivo fasta
Desenho de primers
Vector NTI
2) Abrir arquivo fasta contendo no Vector
Start = 324
Start = 324
Start = 324
?????
lucianoc.maia@gmail.com