Prof.

Alexandre Barbosa da Silva

Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz

ativa (active voice):
John wrote the
letter.S
V

( John escreveu a carta.)

C

Para convert-la na voz passiva (passive voice), siga as quatro etapas

seguintes:
(a) o objeto direto the letter na voz ativa passa a ser o sujeito na voz passiva;
(b) o verbo auxiliar be (no mesmo tempo em que se encontra o verbo wrote
) adicionado na voz passiva;
(c) o verbo wrote na voz ativa vai para o particpio passado na voz passiva;
(d) o sujeito John na voz ativa vai para a voz passiva como agente da voz
passiva precedido pela preposio by .

The letter was written by

John.

(A carta foi escrita por John.)

 Mais exemplos:
They sell flowers.
Flowers are sold (by them) (1).

Eles vendem flores.

Flores so Vendidas.
ou
Vendem-se (2) flores.

Peter made an offer.

An offer was made by Peter.

Peter fez uma oferta.

Uma oferta foi feita por Peter.

The shop will deliver the parcel.

The parcel will be delivered by the shop.

A loja entregar o embrulho.

O embrulho ser entregue pela loja.

como se desconhece o agente da ao they, a expresso by them aqui

irrelevante e poderia ser removida.
(1)

em portugus, o verbo reflexivo por vezes empregue em vez da voz

passiva.
(2)

Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz

passiva (passive voice):
The letter was written by John. (A carta foi escrita por John.)
Para convert-la para a voz ativa (active voice), siga as trs etapas
seguintes:
(a) O agente John da ao written na voz passiva passa a ser o sujeito na
voz ativa;
(b) O verbo principal written (no particpio passado na voz passiva) vai para o
mesmo tempo em que o verbo auxiliar be se encontra;
(c) O sujeito the letter na voz passiva passa a ser o objeto direto na voz ativa.

John wrote the letter.

(John escreveu a carta.)

Mais exemplos:
Books are sold.
They (1) sell books.

Vendem-se livros / Livros so vendidos.

Eles vendem livros.

She was arrested yesterday by the police.

The police arrested her yesterday.
The car has been stolen.
Somebody (2) has stolen the car.

Ela foi presa ontem pela polcia.

A polcia prendeu-a ontem.

O carro foi roubado.

Algum roubou o carro.

The problem is going to be solved by Jane. O problema vai ser resolvido por Jane.
Jane is going to solve the problem.
Jane vai resolver o problema.
Entende-se que:

o pessoal da livraria
(2)
o ladro
(1)

A voz passiva (passive voice) forma-se da seguinte maneira:

Verb To be + Verb (Past Participle)
Onde BE = verbo auxiliar (ser/estar)
e PAST PARTICIPLE = verbo principal no particpio passado (pp)
Exemplos:
Present Simple

am/is/are + (pp)

Books are sold here.

Present Continuous am/is/are being + (pp) The car is being repaired.

Present Perfect Tense has/have been + (pp) The car has been stolen.
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Tense

was/were + (pp)
was/were being + (pp)
had been + (pp)

She was arrested yesterday.

The car was being repaired.
The car had been stolen

 Continuao
Future Simple

will be + (pp)

The parcel will be delivered.

Future Perfect Tense will have been + (pp) All the documents will have been
signed by Friday.
Future going to am/is/are going to be + (pp) The problem is going to be solved.
Modals (present) can/may/etc. be + (pp)

The exercise can be done.

Modals (past) could/might/etc. have been + (pp)

Infinitive

He could have been killed.

to be + (pp) The job needs to be done.

Os tempos verbais seguintes so raramente empregues na voz passiva devido

falta de boa sonncia:
Present Perfect Continuous has/have been being + (pp)
Past Perfect Continuous
had been being + (pp)
Future Continuous
will be being + (pp)
Future Perfect Continuous will have been being + (pp)

Consideremos as duas frases seguintes com dois objetos: direto e indireto

na voz ativa (active voice).

John gave me a book.

Onde:

(Joo deu-me um livro.)

John = sujeito
gave = passado do verbo give
me = complemento (objeto indireto)
a book = complemento (objeto direto)

John gave a book to me.

(Joo deu um livro a mim.)

John = sujeito
gave = passado do verbo give
a book = complemento (objeto direto)
to = preposio
me = complemento (objeto indireto)

Para converter qualquer uma das frases anteriores em voz passiva

(passive voice), h duas formas de se fazer:
(a) Objeto indireto me como sujeito (I) :
I was given a book (by John).
(b) Objeto direto a book como sujeito:
A book was given to me (by John).
OBS.: A forma (a) normalmente a mais comum entre as duas.

Tense
Simple Present

Simple Past

Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:

Simple Future

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Modal

Passive:

Subject

Verb

Object

Rita

writes

a letter.

A letter

is written

by Rita.

Rita

wrote

a letter.

A letter

was written

by Rita.

Rita

will write

a letter.

A letter

will be written

by Rita.

Active:

Rita

Passive:

A letter

Active:

Rita

Passive:

A letter

Active:

Passive:

is writing

a letter.

is being written

by Rita.

was writing

a letter.

was being written

by Rita.

Rita

can write

a letter.

A letter

can be written

by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Tense
Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Subject

Verb

Object

Rita

has written

a letter.

Passive:

A letter

has been written

by Rita.

Active:

Rita

had written

a letter.

A letter

had been written

by Rita.

Rita

will have written

a letter.

A letter

will have been written

by Rita.

Rita

would write

a letter.

A letter

would be written

by Rita.

Active:

Passive:
Active:

Future Perfect

Conditional

Conditional Perfect

Modal II

Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:

Rita

would have written

a letter.

Passive:

A letter

would have been written

by Rita.

Active:
Passive:

Rita

must write

a letter.

A letter

must be written

by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Voice

Subject

Verb

Object 1

Object 2

Rita

wrote

a letter

to me.

Passive:

A letter

was written

to me

by Rita.

Passive:

was written

a letter

by Rita.

Active:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

Simple Present
1. John collects money. Money
collected by John.
SimpleisPast
2. Anna opened the window.
The
window was opened by Anna.
Present
Perfect
3. We have done our Simple
homework.
Our homework has been done by us.
Future
4. I will ask a question. A question
Modal will be asked by me.
5. He can cut out the picture.
The picture
Simple
Past can be cut out by him.
6. The sheep ate a lot. Simple
A lot was
eaten by the sheep.
Present
7. We do not clean our rooms.
Our
rooms are not cleaned by us.
Simple
Future
8. William will not repair
thePast
car. The car will not be repaired by William.
Simple
9. Did Sue draw this circle?
Was this circle drawn by Sue?
Modal
10. Could you feed the dog? Could the dog be fed by you?