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7. DEFINIÇÃO DE QUALIDADE_7.1
DEFINITION OF QUALITY_7.1
Jorge Moreira da Costa
Professor Associado
Associate Professor
SCC/FEUP
Exigências
Implícitas ou Expressas
Requisitos
Implied Given
Requirements
1. Implicit requirements – requirements connected with the primary functions that the product or
service should fulfil ; they can be obvious and/or be included in mandatory codes or standards – a car
should move and pass the minimum EuroNCAP safety tests, a Structural Design should fulfil the
Eurocodes’ provisions, a home must be able to obtain a Energy Performance Certificate…
2. Given requirements – requirements specifically demanded by the Client, which are not expected to
exist in all produced products or provided services – a Peugeot 2008 doesn’t have to be always grey (but
the Ford T in the beginning of the XX century, as Henry Ford said, could be in any colour, as long a it
was black…), a factory may require a live load of 20 kN/m2 (and not only 5), an home may need an
Energy Certificate of A+ (because the client wishes so).
The parallel between “implied” and “given” requirements leads us to understand that
achieving “quality” corresponds to a balance between the characteristics that the
product or service has – defined by its producer – and the characteristics looked for
by its likely clients.
In fact, there are no absolute “quality products”. There are products whose quality
specified by its producer finds acceptance by a market share which ensures the economic
sustainability of the producing company. In some way, A “QUALITY” PRODUCT IS A
PRODUCT WHICH HAS CLIENTS FOR IT.
Therefore we can understand – and rightly so – that Porsches and Peugeots can coexist,
the same as the so called “luxury” housing and current one, pens that cost €1 and others
costing €1000. Advertisement campaigns with Oscar-winning actors promoting exclusive
and expensive products, and others with beautiful but unknown faces, trying to make us
choose from brands that are on a supermarket shelf. To each of these products there is a
market, of different sizes, for different consumers that look also for different
characteristics and have different objectives to attain with their purchase.
This situation, and the widening of the world in what concerns commercial exchanges, has
led to the need of providing the industrial environment with instruments for the control and
measurement of products’ features, in such a way that its production may ensure
consistent quality levels and adapted to the expectations of potential clients.
To have knowledge of these instruments and of what they really mean is essential for the
second component of the problem: if it is the producer that will define the quality level –
read “characteristics” – that it wants for the product, this will leave to the responsibility of
Client/Consumer to be able to evaluate the several offers existing in the market and
to choose the one he/she will find better suited, in accordance with his own
requirements and personal objectives.
These instruments are defined in the “National Quality Systems”.
Uma das principais aplicações da normalização está intimamente relacionada com o facto das
empresas não produzirem a totalidade dos elementos que necessitam para os seus produtos, ou seja,
integram componentes de diversas origens. Se, por exemplo, é necessário um dado tipo de
parafusos, esses parafusos devem ser de série “normalizada”, o que permite que se saiba, de
antemão, qual o diâmetro dos orifícios que os irão receber e, também, possibilitar uma diversificação
de fornecedores dos mesmos sem que a linha de produção interna tenha de se ajustar por esse
motivo.
One of the main applications of standardization is closely related to the fact that companies rarely
produce the totality of elements they need for its products, that is, they usually integrate components of
diverse origin. If, for instance, a specific type of bolts is needed, those bolts should be of a “standardized
series”, which will allow to know, beforehand, what must be the diameter of the holes that will
accommodate them and, also, to make possible a diversification of suppliers without having to adjust
the production line for that reason.
TAul7:
Quando se fala sobre “Qualidade” frequentemente encontramos referência a entidades “Acreditadas”
e “Certificadas”. São termos que, em termos de opinião pública, são considerados equivalentes mas
que, na realidade, correspondem a situações totalmente diversas.
Na Aula TP desta semana (02/03.12):
Descobrir os conceitos que estão na base das duas qualificações, isto é, o que significa ter
uma “acreditação” e o que significa ter uma “certificação”.
Identificar quem pode atribuir essas qualificações e que entidades as podem ter. Dar
exemplos.
Responder à pergunta: “Uma empresa comercial pode ser acreditada?”
Ficheiro com o formato TAul7_NomeApelido1_NomeApelido2_...pdf ;enviar por e-mail para
jmfcosta@fe.up.pt até às 23:59 da véspera da aula TP da próxima semana (09/10.12); máximo 3 slides
para apresentação à turma.
TAul7:
When speaking about “Quality”, often we find reference to “Accredited” and “Certified” bodies. These
are words frequently identified as equivalent by the general public but that, in fact, correspond to two
totally different situations.
In this week’s TP class (02/03.12):
Find the concepts that are at the base of both qualifications, that is, what does it mean to be
“accredited” and what does it mean to be “certified”.
Identify who may deliver those qualifications and what entities may have them? Give
examples.
Answer to the following question: “A commercial company can be accredited?”
File named TAul7_NameSurname1_NameSurname2_...pdf; send by e-mail to jmfcosta@fe.up.pt until
23:59 of the eve of next week’s TP class (09/10.12); maximum 3 slides to be presented to class.