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Matemática A
1. .
1.1. .
1.1.1. −2 ∈ Df
Para existir lim f (x), deve ter-se lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (−2)
x→−2 x→−2− x→−2+
Ora,
lim f (x) = −1
x→−2−
lim f (x) = −1
x→−2+
f (−2) = 2
Como, lim f (x) 6= f (−2) e lim f (x) 6= f (−2), então, não existe lim f (x)
x→−2− x→−2+ x→−2
1.1.2. 1 ∈
/ Df e é ponto aderente a Df
Para existir lim f (x), deve ter-se lim− f (x) = lim+ f (x)
x→1 x→1 x→1
Ora,
lim f (x) = 4
x→1−
lim f (x) = 4
x→1+
Como, lim− f (x) = lim+ f (x), então, existe lim f (x), e o seu valor é 4
x→1 x→1 x→1
1.2. Ora,
1
an = 2 + > 2, ∀n ∈ N
n+1
1
lim an = lim 2 + = 2+
n+1
Assim, lim f (an ) = 4
Resposta: (D)
x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 6 = (x − 3)Q(x)
1 −3 −2 6
3 3 0 −6
1 0 −2 0
Assim,
Q(x) = x2 − 2
Logo,
x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 6 = (x − 3)(x2 − 2)
Deste modo,
x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 6
f (x) = 0 ⇔ = 0 ⇔ x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 6 = 0 ∧ 4x2 + 3 6= 0 ⇔
4x2 + 3
Resposta: (C)
4. −2 ∈ Df
Ora,
x2 + 4x + 4 ( 00 ) (x + 2)2 x+2
lim − f (x) = lim − = lim − = lim − =0
x→−2 x→−2 2x2 − 8 x→−2 2(x − 2)(x + 2) x→−2 2x − 4
1 x3 + 3x2 − 4 ( 00 ) (x + 2)(x2 + x − 2)
× x3 + 3x2 − 4 =(0×∞)
lim f (x) = lim lim = lim =
x→−2+ x→−2+ x+2 x→−2+ x+2 x→−2+ x+2
x2 + x − 2 = 0
= lim
x→−2+
Cálculo auxiliar
Então,
x3 + 3x2 − 4 = (x + 2)Q(x)
Q(x) = x2 + x − 2
Logo,
x3 + 3x2 − 4 = (x + 2)(x2 + x − 2)
2 − 4k
f (−2) =
7
Assim, f é contı́nua em x = −2, se lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (−2)
x→−2− x→−2+
Ou seja, se,
2 − 4k 2 1
= 0 ⇔ 2 − 4k = 0 ⇔ 4k = 2 ⇔ k = ⇔ k =
7 4 2
1
Resposta: Para k = , a função f é contı́nua em x = −2
2
5. Dg = {x ∈ R : f (x) + 1 ≥ 0} = {x ∈ R : −3 ≤ x ≤ 3} = [−3; 3]
Cálculo auxiliar
f (x) + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ 8 − x2 + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ 9 − x2 ≥ 0
√
9 − x2 = 0 ⇔ x2 = 9 ⇔ x = ± 9 ⇔ x = −3 ∨ x = 3
Sinal:
Resposta: (B)
2 2 2 1
= lim É =É =√ =
x→−∞ 2 2 4−0+2 2
4− 2 +2 4− +2
x +∞
7. .
Assim,
lim f (x) = −1
x→1
x 2x + 1 x 2x + 1 x
7.2. f (x) ≥ ⇔ 2 ≥ ⇔ − ≥0⇔
x+2 x −4 x+2 (x − 2)(x + 2) x + 2
2x + 1 x(x − 2) 2x + 1 − x(x − 2) 2x + 1 − x2 + 2x
⇔ − ≥0⇔ ≥0⇔ ≥0⇔
(x − 2)(x + 2) (x − 2)(x + 2) (x − 2)(x + 2) (x − 2)(x + 2)
−x2 + 4x + 1
⇔ ≥0
(x − 2)(x + 2)
Numerador:
√ √
p
−4 ± 42 − 4 × (−1) × 1
Zeros: −x2 + 4x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔x=2− 5∨x=2+ 5
2 × (−1)
Sinal:
Assim, √ √
2− 5 2+ 5
− −
2
√ √
−x + 4x + 1 < 0 ⇔ x < 2 − 5∨x>2+ 5
√ √
−x2 + 4x + 1 > 0 ⇔ 2 − 5<x<2+ 5
Denominador
Zeros: (x − 2)(x + 2) = 0 ⇔ x − 2 = 0 ∨ x + 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2 ∨ x = −2
Quadro de sinais
√ √
x −∞ −2 2− 5 2 2+ 5 +∞
−x2 + 4x + 1 − − − 0 + + + 0 −
(x − 2)(x + 2) + 0 − − − 0 + + +
−x2 + 4x + 1
− n.d. + 0 − n.d. + 0 −
(x − 2)(x + 2)
Assim,
−x2 + 4x + 1 √ √
≥ 0 ⇔ −2 < x ≤ 2 − 5 ∨ 2 < x ≤ 2 + 5
(x − 2)(x + 2)
Portanto,
√ √
C.S. = −2; 2 − 5 ∪ 2; 2 + 5
√
7.3. Dg = x ∈ R : 4 + 2x ≥ 0 ∧ 4 + 2x − 4 6= 0 = {x ∈ R : x ≥ −2 ∧ x 6= 6} = [−2; 6[∪]6; +∞[
Cálculo auxiliar
−4
4 + 2x ≥ 0 ⇔ 2x ≥ −4 ⇔ x ≥ ⇔ x ≥ −2
√ 2√
4 + 2x − 4 = 0 ∧ 4 + 2x ≥ 0 ⇔ 4 + 2x = 4 ∧ x ≥ −2
√ 2
⇒ 4 + 2x = 42 ∧ x ≥ −2 ⇔ 4 + 2x = 16 ∧ x ≥ −2 ⇔
⇔ 2x = 16 − 4 ∧ x ≥ −2 ⇔ 2x = 12 ∧ x ≥ −2 ⇔ x = 6 ∧ x ≥ −2
⇔x=6
Verificação:
√
x = 6 7→ 4+2×6−4=0
√
∴ 16 − 4 = 0
∴4−4=0
∴ 0 = 0 (Verdadeiro)
√ √ √ √ 2
3x + 1 − 42
3x + 1 − 4 ( 0
) 3x + 1 − 4 3x + 1 + 4
8. lim 2 = 0 lim √ = lim √ =
x→5 2x − 9x − 5 x→5 (x − 5)(2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4 x→5 (x − 5)(2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4
3x + 1 − 16 3x − 15 3(x − 5)
lim √ = lim √ = lim √ =
x→5 (x − 5)(2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4 x→5 (x − 5)(2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4 x→5 (x − 5)(2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4
3 3
lim √ =
x→5 (2x + 1) 3x + 1 + 4 88
Então,
2x2 − 9x − 5 = (x − 5)Q(x)
2 −9 −5
5 10 5
2 1 0
Assim,
Q(x) = 2x + 1
Logo,
2x2 − 9x − 5 = (x − 5)(2x + 1)
Resposta: (C)
9. .
x −∞ −3 −1 3 +∞
f (x) + 0 − 0 + 0 −
g(x) + + + 0 − 0 +
f (x)
+ 0 − n.d. − n.d. −
g(x)
Assim,
f (x)
≤ 0 ⇔ −3 ≤ x ≤ −1 ∨ −1 < x < 3 ∨ x > 3
g(x)
Portanto,