F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  @ntrfluïãf

Lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg gf hsquhig cfrpfrgb crhschu

Hsth hstulf, hscr`tf aç lfzh gnfs, hrg gphngs ui ohrih.
Hu lhv`g lhshnvfbvë-bf sfe f `ipubsf lg sug própr`g hx`oënc`g, pf`s hscrhvhr ui
hstulf à lgr g v`lg, lgr ui sfprf quh, cfi f lf gutfr, cf-gn`ig g ferg lhslh f
`néc`f.
Wugntgs vhzhs nãf shnt` uig `nv`sévhb iãf tfigr g i`nag cgnhtg h tfcgr f
trgegbaf iu`tf ig`s bfnoh lf quh hu `igo`ngvg!
Nf lhcfrrhr
cursfs, lhsshs hûbt`ifs
shi`nçr`fs lfzh gnfs,
cfndhrënc`gs, lurgnth
qugntgs fsnãf
vhzhs qug`s
ihnãf 'pgrh` cfi
hspgnth` lh i`n`strgr
gqu`bf quh
fs ihus bçe`fs lh`xgvgi kfrrgr cfif lh uig dfnth gtà hntãf lhscfnahc`lg pfr
i`i.
Nãf à lhssg ihsig dfnth quh dbu`, lhslh gquhbg àpfcg, f `nchssgnth
hnr`quhc`ihntf quh vhi lfs ihus bh`tfrhs,
bh` tfrhs, fuv`nths, gi`ofs h cfbgefrglfrhs6
G hbhs, gqu`, gprhshntf ihus gorglhc`ihntfs: lhntrh hbhs f lfutfr Khgn-Igrc
Jhsp`, prhs`lhnth lg Gssfc`gïãf Drgnchsg lh Gcupunturg, f lfutfr Cbgulh Cagbbfu,
Cagbb fu,
nhurfps`qu`gtrg, f lfutfr Gbdrhl \figt`s, Cgtahr`nh Ign`b,
Ign`b , trglutfrg pgrg g bénoug
`nobhsg, h g tgntfs futrfs quh ih phrlfgrãf pfr nãf pflhr nfihç-bfs.
Wugnlf hncfntrh` f lfutfr Jhsp`, hbh ih dhz uig phrountg hnorgïglg;
"G shnafrg sgeh quh hscrhvhu ui hstulf sferh gcupunturg6"
Gprhssf-ih hi gd`rigr quh, ngquhbg àpfcg, hu nãf cfnahc`g nglg lg trgl`ïãf
ca`nhsg h quh d`quh` hstuphdgtg.
Afkh, phnsf pflhr gd`rigr quh gs orgnlhs trgl`ïøhs lf iunlf, sfe b`nougohns
própr`gs g cglg uig lhbgs, sãf pfrtglfrgs lh uig ûn`cg ihnsgohi, lh quh cglg
uig lhshnvfbvh ig`s hsphc`d`cgihnth ui lhthri`nglf gsphctf, hi tfif lf qugb q ugb
sh cfnstró` f oën`f pgrt`cubgr lf pfvf quh hbg hscubph..
 

Hu kç lhv`g gf nfssf gi`of Jgrbdr`hl vfn Lurjah`i g fusgl`g lh thr hscr`tf f

pr`ih`rf hstulf, cukf gssuntf nãf lhsphrtgvg nhnaui hcf hntrh gs phssfgs quh hu
quhst`fngvg nf Fc`lhnth, dfsshi hbhs iàl`cfs, d`bósfdfs fu lh futrgs çrhgs.
Lhvhr`g hu, pfrtgntf, lhs`st`r lh prfsshou`r cfi hssg phsqu`sg, quh pgrhc`g hntãf
shr lglg cfif dgntgsig6
Bh Agrg, pr`ih`rg ferg lf nfssf hi`nhnth gi`of, df` uig rhspfstg tãf pfs`t`vg qu quhh
hu du` gtà \fltiffs, dgbh` cfi lhr Orgd Lurjah`i, h vfbth` pgrg ]gr`s chrtg lh quh f
[hn cfnd`rigvg f aherg`cf.
Hscrhv` hntãf f ihu "b`vrf-ohrih"!
Sh gofrg hbh crhschu, `ssf gcfnthchu hi orgnlh pgrth pfrquh, lh rhphnth, f
ca`nës, pfr sug vhz, v`nag cfnd`rigr h hnr`quhchr f aherg`cf.
F lfutfr K.I. Jhsp` h g Gssfc`gïãf Drgnchsg lh Gcupunturg d`zhrgi f fesàqu`f lh
rhchehr-ih h lh phri`t`r quh hu trgegbagssh cfi hbhs.
G trgl`ïãf ca`nhsg phri`t`u quh hu vhr`d`cgssh,
vhr`d` cgssh, hntãf, f pgphb igtr`c`gb lfs trës
orgnlhs tr`ånoubfs lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta, pfr hbg cagiglfs lh "Cgipfs lh
C`nçer`f", quh sh pflh trgluz`r pfr "igtr`zhs lg `ifrtgb`lglh".
Hbg gkulfu-ih g prhc`sgr g dunïãf s`ieób`cg lfs óroãfs quh qu h cfipøhi hsshs
tr`ånoubfs, dunïãf lh ohstgïãf lg cr`gnïg l`v`ng lh quh hstgifs orçv`lfs h cukf
ngsc`ihntf nfs tfrng vhnchlfrhs lg ifrth.
Hbg ih cfnd`rifu f i`stàr`f lf Nfih, sëihn lh Glãf, quh hnorgig f shr tftgb lh
cglg ui lh nós h prhs`lh f tftgb cuipr`ihntf lgquhbh.
Nhssg buz, g lfhnïg lhd`nh-sh cfif shnlf nglg ig`s lf quh f nãf-cuipr`ihntf
lf Nfih.
Sh f hstulf crhschu à, hnd`i, pfrquh hbh ih vhr`d`cfu.
N`nouài pflhsug
H, sh f v`vhu, hns`ngr f quh nãf
`n thb`oënc`g
`nthb`oënc`g v`vhu.pgrg uig futrg l`ihnsãf lh s` ihsif h lf
gerh-sh
iunlf.
D`z, pfrtgntf, g hxphr`ënc`g lhssg `nthb`oënc`g dhi`n`ng quh sh gerh í phnhtrgïãf lg
sgehlfr`g igscub`ng, lh quh sãf pfrtglfrhs fs gcfnthc`ihntfs, `nthb`oënc`g quh
tflg g nfssg c`v`b`zgïãf cfntrgl`z, kç quh hbg frng hssg dgcublglh cfi ui óroãf
igscub`nf dfrkglf pgrg phnhtrgr fs vàus lf cfsifs hxthr`fr.
H, cfif e`se`bafth`rg rgtg lh e`eb`fthcg quh ih i h hns`ngrgi g shr, hu ih `lhnt`d`cgvg
cfi f ihu egïf, óroãf-thrrg lgs prfdunlhzgs, shpubcrf lfs obóeubfs vhrihbafs lf
sgnouh, kgz`of lh dhrrf h dfnth lh uig `nthb`oënc`g quh phlh gphngs pgrg ngschr.
@ssf bhvfu-ih g cfns`lhrgr tftgbihnth f cfipbhxf prfebhig
p rfebhig lg l`rh`tg igscub`ng h
lg hsquhrlg dhi`n`ng quh, fntfbfo`cgihnth, sãf I`shr`córl`g h Dfrïg, g`nlg quh sh
thnag dhi`n`zglf g I`shr`córl`g h igscub`n`zglf g Dfrïg.
H tgbvhz shkg uig cfncbusãf iu`tf gprhssglg dgzhr lf ahi`sdàr`f hsquhrlf
hsquhrl f g pgrth
cfnsc`hnth lf càrherf h lf l f ahi`sdàr`f l`rh`tf g pgrth `ncfnsc`hnth...
Sh f hstulf guihntfu à pfrquh f crhsc`ihntf à g bh` lg v`lg.
H f crhsc`ihntf nãf à tgntf f gcràsc`if lh ui pfucf lh gbturg gf tgignaf, igs g
`rrupïãf chbubgr lh uig tgb nfv`lglh quh grrhegtg f shr `nth`rf, hiefrg rhsph`tgnlf
g sug phrignënc`g.
Hu nãf pfl`g cfnthntgr-ih hi guihntgr Lg çrvfrh lg v`lg gf hsquhig cfrpfrgb
lh gbouns cgpétubfs, pf`s `ssf hx`o`g quh hu f rhtfigssh ng sug tftgb`lglh
cfipbhtgihnth nfvg h, cfntulf, shiprh g ihsig.
F s`iefb`sif lf cfrpf auignf, suetétubf lf pr`ih`rf b`vrf, pgrhc`g hsphrgr hi
s`bënc`f quh sh bah lhssh f pr`ih`rf buogr.
@ssf hstç dh`tf, igs nãf s`on`d`cg quh "g çrvfrh lg v`lg" lhvg d`cgr hi shounlf
pbgnf; hbg à, h phrignhch, f grquàt`pf lf cfrpf lf afihi, gquhbh lh quhi hbg à
g `igohi h í shihbagnïg lf qugb hbh à cagiglf.

- Gnn`cj lh Sfuzhnhbbh
 

 
 

 
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 7

F "I`" h f "Ig" fu f `nthr`fr h f hxthr`fr lgs cf`sgs

"F quh hstç hieg`xf à `ougb gf quh hstç hi c`ig h f quh hstç hi c`ig à `ougb gf
quh hstç hieg`xf, pgrg rhgb`zgr f i`bgorh lh uig só cf`sg."
 G \çeug lh Hsihrgblg

Ahrihs \r`siho`stf, "Ahrihs, f trës vhzhs orgnlh", lh`xfu `ncrustglg ng \çeug lh

Hsihrgblg uig cagvh lh furf.
À lhbg quh vgifs nfs fcupgr pgrg thntgr phnhtrgr f i`stàr`f quh nfs pgrhch
hsshnc`gb, quh sh gpflhrg lh nós kustgihnth
k ustgihnth qugnlf nãf thntgifs nfs gpflhrgr
lhbh: i`stàr`f quh, gf ihsif thipf, sh `ipøh
` ipøh h sh durtg gf nfssf `nthbhctf
`ipfthnth; f i`stàr`f lf Afihi.
Gtà gofrg, hi nfssg c`v`b`zgïãf gtugb, à pfr hssh `nstruihntf,
` nstruihntf, f `nthbhctf, quh
thntgifs gprhhnlhr f iunlf h shus i`stàr`fs.
Fbagifs, hntãf, pgrg f iunlf cfif uig cr`gnïg fbag pgrg ui er`nquhlf
ihcån`cf cukg hstruturg hbg lhsifntg pgrg dgzhr ui `nvhntçr`f lh shus shorhlfs.
Cfbfcgifs f Afihi h f Iunlf cfif lf`s fekhtfs ahthrfoënhfs, cfif lugs
hnt`lglhs hstrgnags uig í futrg, cfns`lhrgnlf f quh cfnahch (f Afihi) h f
fekhtf g shr cfnahc`lf (f Iunlf) cfif `rrhlutévh`s ui gf futrf.
H qugnlf f fekhtf g shr cfnahc`lf sh cagig "c`ënc`gs auigngs", cahogifs gf
shou`nth gesurlf; f Afihi hstulfu f Afihi shi sgehr, pfr lhd`n`ïãf, lh quh
pgnópb`g
trgegbagr,(griglurg cfipbhtg lh ui cgvgbh`rf ng @lglh Iàl`g)
pgrg sh cfnahchr. Iàl`g ) l`spunag pgrg
"Cfnahch-th g t` ihsif h cfnahchrçs f Xn`vhrsf h fs lhushs", l`z g`nlg g
Sgehlfr`g Ahriàt`cg.
H gcgsf hssg shounlg cagvh nãf nfs cfnv`lg g cfns`lhrgr, lh ui bglf, f Afihi
nf Iunlf, h, lh futrf, f Iunlf nf Afihi, cfif f vhrsf h f rhvhrsf lh uig
ihsig ihlgbag, lh uig ihsig rhgb`lglh shcrhtg, hstgnlf fs lf`s gsphctfs
ign`dhstglfs gss`i b`oglfs phbf "`nthr`fr"6
F `nthr`fr h f hxthr`fr lgs cf`sgs nãf tëi gqu` nglg lh hspgc`gb: trgtg-sh, pr`ih`rf,
lh uig "cgscg", quh phrthnch gf lfién`f
l fién`f lg ign`dhstgïãf.
\rgtg-sh, lhpf`s, lh uig "pfbpg" quh nfs bhvg gtà f "cgrfïf".
Nãf pflhifs gprhhnlhr hsths Ûbt`ifs shi phnhtrgr hi futrfs lfién`fs, shi,
cfif vhrhifs, lh`xgr `ougbihnth f quh nfs n fs à dgi`b`gr.
Shnãf, f d`bósfdf pflh phrountgr g s` ihsif, cfif kç f dhz, sh f iunlf nãf
cfihïg ng suphrdéc`h lg sug phbh... h vgogr shi ruif nf gesurlf.
Uhtfihifs nfssgs cagvhs.
À thipf lh trgegbagr cfi urng nfvg cfnsc`ënc`g h lh gprhnlhr g ger`r nfvgs
pfrtgs.
Hssg cgscg lh quh gcgegifs lh dgbgr nãf phrthnch gcgsf g hssh "hieg`xf", h f
cgrfïf g hssh "hi c`ig" quh f l`v`nf
l` v`nf Ahrihs l`st`nouh ui lf futrf,
futr f, hiefrg nãf
fs shpgrh6
Ahrihs, f afihi quh pgrt`c`pg lhssh "hi c`ig", l`st`nouh: f afihi lf
"hieg`xf" shpgrg h gcgeg pfr nhogr gqu`bf lh quh sh shpgrfu.
D`cgnlf sfz`naf nhssh "hieg`xf", hbh sh cafcg cfntrg f gesurlf lh sug v`lg, quh
sh tfig `nuigng í dfrïg lh shr gphngs auigng, sh à quh sh pflh cagigr lh
"auignf" hssh phlgïf quh à g cgscg shpgrglg lf cgrfïf.
Cfif rhhncfntrgr g `nthor`lglh lf drutf6
Cfif rh`ntrfluz`r hssh cgrfïf hi sug pfbpg h lgr v`lg lh nfvf g hssg cgrnh quh
aç lheg`xf lg cgscg6
Cfif dgzhr cfi quh gqu`bf quh hstç "hieg`xf" tfrnh g hncfntrgr g `igohi lgqu`bf
quh hstç "hi c`ig", h f cgi`naf quh bhvg gf shu iflhbf6
 

\flfs fs l`dhrhnths i`tfs lh Cr`gïãf quh g auign`lglh trgnsi`t`u hi sugs

orgnlhs cfrrhnths trgl`c`fng`s hxpb`cgi hssh "hi c`ig" h hssh "hieg`xf" ngsc`lfs
lh uig shpgrgïãf (nf shnt`lf lh l`st`nïãf)
l` st`nïãf) nf sh`f lh uig un`lglh pr`nc`pgb.
G trgl`ïãf kulhf-cr`stã, iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth, gprhshntg-nfs g Cr`gïãf cfif gbof
quh suro`u lhssg l`st`nïãf.
G pgbgvrg aherg`cg dfriglg lfs trës cgrgcthrhs E L B, quh trgluz`ifs pfr p fr
"shpgrgr", s`on`d`cg hxgtgihnth "l`st`nou`r"; Lhus l`st`nouh g buz lgs trhvgs, f l`g
lg nf`th h, ig`s tgrlh, f afihi lg iubahr: igs sferhtulf lgs çougs pr`nc`p`g`s
pr` nc`p`g`s
Ig``n, Hbh l`st`nouh "gs çougs quh hstãf gc`ig lf d`rigihntf" lgs "çougs quh
hstãf lheg`xf lf d`rigihntf" (On, 7;4-?), çougs quh g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg cagig
rhsphct`vgihnth lh I` h Ig.
F "I`" h f "Ig" hstãf
h stãf b`oglfs phbf "d`rigihntf" quh, nf vhrsécubf 1, à cagiglf lh
Scagig`'i vubogrihnth trgluz`lf pfr "fs càus" h quh, shpgrgnlf f "I`" lf "Ig",
cfntrgl`tfr`gihnth fs rhûnh nf shu nfih hi tfif lg bhtrg , g cukf rhsph`tf
vhrhifs quh hbg nãf à hstrgnag gf quh cagigifs f "cgrfïf".
S`iefb`cgihnth, pflhifs l`zhr quh f "I`" à f iunlf lg un`lglh grquhtép`cg nãf-
ign`dhstglg, h f "Ig", f lg iubt`pb`c`lglh ign`dhstglg nfs shus l`dhrhnths
l`dhr hnths névh`s
lh rhgb`lglh.
G rg`z I` hncfntrgrç nf orhof g sug cfrrhspfnlënc`g ng rg`z Iu, quh prhs`lh í
dfrigïãf lgs pgbgvrgs `bustrgnlf f iunlf lfs grquàt`pfs, tg`s cfif  ‒iuh`n’
"dhcagr g efcg", "cgbgr-sh", h  ‒iuhh`n’ "shr `n`c`glf".
\flg `n`c`gïãf à uig `ntrfluïãf gf cgi`naf quh b`og b `og f iunlf ign`dhstglf gf
iunlf lh shus grquàt`pfs: hbg à dh`tg nf s`bënc`f.
F i`tf à g a`stór`g quh hxpb`cg g v`lg lfs grquàt`pfs.
Gs pgbgvrgs pfrtuouhsgs iuriûr`f, iulf, i`stàr`f lhr`vgi lg ihsig rg`z.
G rg`z Ig à g rg`z-iãh lh tflgs gs pgbgvrgs quh s`on`d`cgi ign`dhstgïãf.
(\g`s cfif igtàr`g, igthrngb, igtr`z, iãf, htc.)
Cglg hbhihntf lf "Ig" à g hxp`rgïãf lf shu cfrrhspfnlhnth nf "I`".
Hsth rhphrcuth cfnt`nugihnth sferh gquhbh quh cgrrhog nãf gphngs sug `igohi,
igs sug pftënc`g.
Nhssh shnt`lf, f "Ig", hi cglg ui lh shus hbhihntfs, à séiefbf lf "I`".
F séiefbf (Syn-efbh`n; "bgnïgr kuntf", "un`r") unh f "Ig" gf "I`".
F L`g-efbh`n ("bgnïgr gtrgvàs", "shpgrgr") shpgrg fs lf`s iunlfs, h lh`xg vgognlf
gf bàu f lf "Ig", pr`vglf lg sug hxgtg rhdhrënc`g h lg sug hxgtg pftënc`g.
Fs aherhus cagigi Hbfa`i "F Afihi lf gbtf", Glãf "F Afihi lh eg`xf".
Hssh "Afihi lf gbtf" à f iunlf lf "I`", Hbh à hxprhssf nf "Ig".
Í sug `igohi, Glãf “ "f Afihi lh eg`xf" “, rhûnh hi s` g tftgb`lglh lf "Ig",
quh cfntài hi shu ohrih h ng prfihssg lf drutf g tftgb`lglh lf "I`".
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f Afihi à pfntf lh hncfntrf lf Xn`vhrsf h lfs lhushs.
Hssh à f ift`vf
(phquhnf phbfhqugb
un`vhrsf) qu
lhgb"I`crftahfs"
gs c`ënc`gs trgl`c`fng`s f cagigi
(phquhnf lhus).
lhu s). lh "I`crfcfsifs"
Hbh à f pfntf lh pgrt`lg lh tflgs gs v`ergïøhs, f dfcf lh rhdbhxãf lh tflgs gs
rhssfnånc`gs.
"Cfnahch-th g t` ihsif h cfnahchrçs f Xn`vhrsf h fhushs."
Gcaf quh nhnaui hstulf cfipbhtf lf Afihi pflh shr dh`tf dfrg lhssgs pr`iéc`gs
h quh, sh hssgs pr`iéc`gs sãf vhrlglh`rgs, lhvhrégifs hncfntrgr fs vhstéo`fs
v hstéo`fs lh ui
l`çbfof quh b`ouh hntrh s` f Afihi h Lhus, Glãf h Hbfa`i, f "Ig" h f "I`".
]grhch-ih `ipfssévhb `igo`ngr g hx`stënc`g lh uig b`nougohi
b`noug ohi cgpgz lh pgrt`c`pgr
lh giegs gs cgthofr`gs, g auigng h g l`v`ng, gpgrhnthihnth trgnschnlhnths,
`rrhlutévh`s uig í futrg.
Nãf pfssf `igo`ngr tgb cf`sg...
Frg, hssg b`nougohi, fs lhushs, quh tëi ig`s `igo`ngïãf
` igo`ngïãf lf quh nós, nf-bg
prfpøhi; nãf hx`sth ui ûn`cf pfvf nf iunlf quh nãf g pfssug nf shorhlf lgs
sugs bhnlgs, lfs shus i`tfs, lfs shus r`tfs h lfs shus séiefbfs.
Kuno hxcbgigvg; "F Fc`lhnth phrlhu fs shus i`tfs!"
i` tfs!"
Fs i`tfs hstãf gé, nfssf pgtr`iün`f sgorglf à `ihnsf,
` ihnsf, igs nãf sgehifs lhc`drç-
bf, nuncg v`vhifs rhgbihnth sug b`nougohi fu, ig`s hxgtgihnth, rheg`xgifs sug
 

b`nougohi gf névhb lh nfssg v`vënc`g egngb, hi buogr

b uogr lh nfs lh`xgrifs bhvgr pfr
hbh gfs nfvfs pbgnfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g gfs qug`s hbh nfs cfnv`lg.
Go`nlf gss`i, gcagnlf-f `ndgnt`b, nós f hb`i`ngifs lfs nfssfs igthr`g`s
c`hntéd`cfs.
H hstgifs nf pfntf hi quh, `ipfnlf-sh g c`ënc`g pgrg nós cfif ûn`cf ûn` cf quglrf lh
rhdhrënc`g hxgtf h shourf, hb`i`ngifs g b`nougohi lf i`tf lf própr`f cfrgïãf lh
nfssg v`lg.
Lhsnutr`lfs, shlhntfs, fu cfrrhifs pgrg fs pgéshs g`nlg cgpgzhs lh nfs nf s
prfpfrc`fngr hssh gb`ihntf, hssg b`nougohi, fu hntãf cgéifs `ngn`iglfs gfs pàs
lgs nfssgs própr`gs r`quhzgs, `ncgpgzhs lh rhcfnahcë-bgs, í ihrcë lh l h tflgs gs
lfhnïgs ihntg`s, quh nglg ig`s sãf lf quh rgqu`t`sif hsp`r`tugb.
Kuno pflh bgnïgr shu or`tf lh gbhrtg!
]grhch-ih shr lg ig`fr uroënc`g rhst`tu`r gf cfntf, í bhnlg, gf i`tf, gf r`tugb, f
shu buogr hi nfssg v`lg, lh`xgnlf quh hbhs nfs `ndfrihi.
Hssh à f cgi`naf lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Cfn ahc`ihntf.
G c`ënc`g prfdgng, l`zégifs, nuncg bhvg hi cfntg gquhbh quh cfnahch.
Hsth lhvh phrignhchr fekht`vf, `stf à, `ougb g tflfs fs futrfs "fekhtfs" quhq uh
cfnahchi nf névhb lg sug cfiui pfss`e`b`lglh hxphr`ihntg
hxphr`ihntgb,b, lf shu orgu cfiui
lh cfnsc`ënc`g. 
F quh cfnahch à, gss`i, ig`s fu ihnfs
i hnfs `nthb`ohnth, iun`lf lh ig`s fu ihnfs
dhrrgihntgs ig`s fu ihnfs gphrdh`ïfglgs, igs g sug hxphr`ënc`g pflh shr
cfntrfbglg pfr tflfs.
F cfnahc`ihntf lglf pfr nfvfs hstglfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g tgieài à hxphr`ihntgb,
shiprh: igs hssg hxphr`ënc`g nãf à ig`s cfiui í ig`fr`g: hbg só à cfntrfbçvhb
phbfs cfnahchnths
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs,quh thnagi
hssh `ougb hvfbuïãf
cfnahc`ihntf `ipb`cglhg cfnsc`ënc`g.
hvfbuïãf lf quh cfnahch, hi shu
gchssf g névh`s lh cfnsc`ënc`g shiprh ig`s hbhvglfs.
]grg fs quh pgrt`c`pgi lh ui ihsif névhb, f cfnahc`ihntf à fekht`vf.
Hi cfntrgpgrt`lg, fs shus lglfs sãf cfns`lhrglfs suekht`vfs pfr gquhbhs quh nãf
"lhcfbgrgi" lg pr`sãf hi cukgs cgthofr`gs f nfssf iunlf lf l f "Ig" cfnshrvg cgt`vg
g nfssg ihnth.
Só g hssgs ûbt`igs l`z rhsph`tf f lugb`sif fekht`v`lglh/suekht`v`lglh, lhnunc`gnlf
ui cfnahc`ihntf quh nãf bhvg hi cfntg, gesfbutgihnth, g "sue`lg lg hscglg" fu
g hscgbglg lf "d`rigihntf" “ Ugqyg Scagi``i.
Nf gbtf lhstg, tflf lugb`sif lhsgpgrhch nuig ubtrgpgssgohi lh quh vfbtgrh` g
dgbgr ig`s gl`gnth.
Hi ûbt`ig gnçb`sh, Lhus à fekht`v`lglh gesfbutg.
Shkg qugb dfr f hstço`f lf "Ig" gf qugb f quh cfnahch thi gchssf, fs hbhihntfs
lhssh "Ig" tëi shiprh uig fekht`v`lglh hi s` ihsifs, hnqugntf sh rhdhrhi gf
shu grquàt`pf nf iunlf lf "I`".
]r`vglfs lhssg rhdhrënc`g, sãf "`busãf", Igyg pgrg fs a`nlus, Gehb - vg`lglh “ pgrg
fs aherhus: hbhs sãf cagiglfs "suekht`vfs" phbfs càt`cfs, gquhbhs quh nãf tëi
nhnauig cfnsc`ënc`g lf iunlf lf "I`" h quh qu h prfkhtgi sferh fs futrfs g sug
própr`g `onfrånc`g.
Igs `busãf à tgieài g hxphr`ënc`g lf "I`" c`nl`lg lg hxphr`ënc`g lf "Ig"!
"I`" h "Ig", g`nlg quh l`st`ntfs,
l` st`ntfs, sãf `nshpgrçvh`s.
Wuhrhifs lh`xgr ehi cbgrf, pfrtgntf, quh hssg qugb`lglh lf quh cfnahch, í qugb
nfs rhdhrégifs, à g lf shu shr `nthr`fr, g lf shu shr hi igrcag ruif gf shu
"nûcbhf", pgrt`c`pgnlf lf iunlf lf "I`".
Sfihnth cfi hssh shr à quh pflhifs gefrlgr f i`stàr`f lf Afihi, futrg dgchtg
lf i`stàr`f l`v`nf.
I`nag `nthnïãf à dgbgr lf shr quh sh lhspfkfu lf "hu" age`tugbihnth cr`stgb`zglf ng
cubturg, ng hrul`ïãf fu ng àt`cg lf shu ih`f hxthr`fr, quh rhnunc`fu g tflg
`nthb`oënc`g `nthbhctugb h quh hntrg ng hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg.
v`v` lg.
Hntãf, lgnlf gf fekhtf lg sug ihl`tgïãf tflf f pflhr lh shr, f quh cfnahch, nui
lglf ifihntf, à lfi`nglf phbf cfnahc`lf, h sh tfig fekhtf lg ihl`tgïãf i hl`tgïãf lhssh
ûbt`if.
 

]fucf g pfucf, tflg l`stånc`g hntrh cfnahc`lf h cfnahchnth lhsgpgrhch.

F vhref aherg`cf cfnahchr à f quh If`sàs usg pgrg hxpb`cgr f cfnahc`ihntf quh f
afihi tfig lg iubahr.
F cfnahc`ihntf à ui cgsgihntf, uig un`ãf lf cfnahc`lf h lf cfnahchnth.
"F cfnahc`ihntf à gifr."

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 5

Séiefbfs h i`tfs; gsphctf s`ieób`cf lg bénoug aherg`cg

Gnths lh cfns`lhrgr, hnqugntf supfrth lg nfssg

n fssg ihl`tgïãf, fs séiefbfs h fs i`tfs
h, iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth hntrh hsths ûbt`ifs, gquhbhs fr`o`nglfs lg nfssg trgl`ïãf
 kulhf-cr`stã fu t`rglfs lfs thsfurfs lg Oràc`g, à `ipfrtgnth
`ipfrtgnth gprhshntgr hsshs
`nstruihntfs lh trgegbaf.
Fs séiefbfs sãf fs hbhihntfs lf nfssf iunlf shnsévhb: cglg ui lhbhs à
s`on`d`cgnth h à `igohi lf shu cfrrhspfnlhnth grquhtép`cf, "hi c`ig", f
s`on`d`cglf.
Hbh pfssu` g sug dfrïg h v`erg cfi f shu cfrrhspfnlhnth, gf ihsif thipf quh
tflfs fs agriün`cfs hncfntrglfs lh ui gf futrf, lf "I`" gf "Ig", nf ihsif
"dh`xh".
Hssh "gf ihsif thipf" cfrrhspfnlh, pfntf pfr pfntf, í bh` lg s`ncrfn`c`lglh lh
quh dgbg Kuno.
Kuno gefrlg hssh gssuntf gpf`gnlf-sh, hi orgnlh pgrth, ng trgl`ïãf ca`nhsg, nf
\gf.
]fr hssh cgi`naf, hbh l`st`nouh g cfrrhspfnlënc`g quh hx`sth hntrh ui grquàt`pf h
g sàr`h lfs séiefbfs quh bah hstãf b`oglfs, f quh prfvfcg, nf pbgnf lf
ign`dhstglf, f gpgrhc`ihntf lh vçr`fs gcfnthc`ihntfs cfnvhrohnths cfif
hstrgnags cf`nc`lënc`gs gfs fbafs lf `onfrgnth, quh fs gtr`eu` gf gcgsf.
Wuh à f gcgsf, shnãf uig rhgb`lglh lhscfnahc`lg; g lgs bh`s fntfbóo`cgs ZBh`s quh
rhohi g Cr`gïãf gnths lg quhlg h quh, dunlgihntgbihnth, phrignhchi igs
hscgpgi gfgfnfssf
Grquàt`pfs cgipf
iunlf lh cfnsc`ënc`g frl`nçr`f.Y, quh b`ogi f iunlf lfs
lf ign`dhstglf6
Lh prfpós`tf, lh`xh` lh bglf gqu` tflfs fs dhnüihnfs cagiglfs ihtgpséqu`cfs (fu
pgrgpséqu`cfs) quh hssgs bh`s hscbgrhchi h cukg hx`stënc`g g "c`ënc`g" nãf pflhrç
nhogr pfr iu`tf thipf ig`s.
Wugntgs vhzhs nãf v`ifs suro`r ui ihsif gcfnthc`ihntf (uig orgnlh lhscfehrtg
c`hntéd`cg, pfr hxhipbf) hi vçr`fs pgéshs gf ihsif thipf6 H quh l`zhr lhssg bh`
lgs sàr`hs gli`t`lg pfr tflfs fs hstgtést`cfs h, nf hntgntf, `nhxpb`cçvhb
rgc`fngbihnth6 Nui pbgnf ig`s vgstf, pgrhch-ih vhr, nhssh ifihntf, uig
rhbgïãf lhssh oënhrf hntrh;
“ g rhhihroënc`g lg gd`rigïãf lg iubahr, quh qu h kç gpgrhchu nfs pr`ih`rfs thipfs
thip fs
cr`stãfs, igs bfof df` gegdglg:
“ g lhscfehrtg lf iunlf lf `ncfnsc`hnth, phssfgb fu cfbht`vf, egstgnth rhchnth ng
c`ënc`g ps`cfbóo`cg:
“ g rhcfns`lhrgïãf lg shxugb`lglh quh, sh nãf hncfntrfu g`nlg g sug kustg
rhdhrënc`g gf shu grquàt`pf l`v`nf, sh b`ehrg gf ihnfs lgs sugs dgbsgs gigrrgs: h
“ hnd`i, g cahoglg lf Afihi í Bug.
À vhrlglh quh cglg ui lhsshs dhnüihnfs pflh shr hxpb hxpb`cglf
`cglf rgc`fngbihnth, igs g
sug s`ncrfn`c`lglh lhcfrrh lh uig bh` quh ubtrgpgssg tflgs gs bh`s lf iunlf
rgc`fngb.
Cfns`lhrgnlf quh;
“ g iubahr ng auign`lglh:
“ f `ncfnsc`hnth, bglf fescurf lf shr nf pbgnf pséqu`cf:
“ f cfipbhxf urfohn`tgb nf pbgnf pséqu`cf: h
“ g Bug, pbgnhtg nfturnf nf pbgnf cósi`cf, phrthnchi gf ihsif "dh`xh
s`ieób`cf", cukf grquàt`pf lhvh lhshnvfbvhr uig orgnlh gt`v`lglh, pfssf `ndhr`r,
gpf`gnlf-ih hi futrg bh` g shr hstulglg ig`s gl`gnth, quh g auign`lglh hstç ís
vàsphrgs lh ui nfvf ngsc`ihntf.
Igs nãf nfs gnthc`phifs.
Nãf nfs gnthc`phifs ig`s g`nlg, dgbgnlf ig`s gipbgihnth lfs séiefbfs, pf`s
vhrhifs quh f iunlf gn`igb,
gn` igb, pfr hxhipbf, s`iefb`zg gs hnhro`gs v`tg`s (f tfurf; g
dhcunl`lglh: g shrphnth; g sgehlfr`g: g çou`g; f cfnahc`ihntf, htc.), hnqugntf f
 

iunlf vhohtgb s`iefb`zg futrgs sàr`hs lh hnhro`gs

hnhr o`gs (g rfsg; f rhtfrnf gf Xi: g
gcçc`g; g gnlrfo`n`g: g giënlfg; g `ifrtgb`lglh, htc.).
Hi tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs, g phlrg phrthnch gf ihsif "dh`xh" quh f Afihi, dh`xh nf
qugb g trgl`ïãf cr`stã `nthrpøh f pãf h, lhpf`s, g cgrnh (f Igb`onf prfpøh g Cr`stf g
iulgnïg lgs phlrgs hi pãf. Fs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs egsh`gi-sh ng iulgnïg lf pãf
nf cfrpf lh Cr`stf).
Nui ihsif "dh`xh" hstãf tgieài g çoug, f v`naf h f sgnouh quh, pfr sug vhz,
bhvgi gf Hspér`tf; "H aç trës, hieg`xf, quh hstãf hi agrifn`g; g çoug, f sgnouh
h f hspér`tf" (@ Kf, T; 1).
Cfntulf, prhsthifs gthnïãf ís lugs dgchs quh ui ihsif séiefbf pflh
gprhshntgr gf nfssf pbgnf `ihl`gtf; g shrphnth, séiefbf lg l g sgehlfr`g, à tgieài f
lf Igb`onf: g çoug quh pur`d`cg
pur` d`cg tgieài lhphnlh lf iunlf pgss`fngb: f dfof
rhprhshntg f gifr, igs tgieài f ól`f.
Gfs pfucfs, hstgrhifs dgi`b`gr`zglfs cfi hssg gie`oò`lglh.
Igs cgeh g cglg ui lhscfer`r hsshs séiefbfs, f shu shnt`lf, fs shus agriün`cfs, h
lh`xç-bfs gdbfrgr í sug cfnsc`ënc`g, g d`i lh lh`xgr-sh rhcr`gr pfr hbhs, pf`s hssh à f
shu pflhr.
Fs r`tug`s `n`c`çt`cfs lh tflfs fs thipfs h lh tflfs fs buogrhs nglg ig`s sãf lf
quh uig "s`iefbfthrgp`g" nf vhrlglh`rf shnt`lf lg pgbgvrg
p gbgvrg "thrgp`g"; "quh tfig g
cfbfcgr hi agrifn`g", l`sc`pb`ng futrfrg cfnd`glg gphngs gfs sgchrlfths h gfs
`n`c`glfs.
Gohnths lh rhcr`gïãf sãf tgieài fs i`tfs quh, qugnlf fs gt`vgifs, dgzhi
rhssuro`r hi nós tflf f pflhr lfs "Grou`", hi shu l`ngi`sif
l`n gi`sif pr`nc`p`g`.
F i`tf (lf orhof iutafs, "dçeubg") lç thsthiunaf lh uig rhgb`lglh suphr`fr quh qu h
nãf
Cfif pflh shr trgnsi`t`lg
g pbgntg gf nfssf
lhshnag pgrg ihntgb
nós, sferh uigegngb shi ui
suphrdéc`h `ntàrprhth.
pbgng, f lhshnvfbv`ihntf
lh ui vfbuih, pflh-sh l`zhr, hxtrgpfbgnlf, quh f i`tf lhshnag nf iunlf
dhnfihngb f lhshnvfbv`ihntf lf iunlf lfs "Grou`".
Nãf cfncfrlf cfi fs gutfrhs quh, `ncgpgzhs lh sh b`ehrtgr lg sug pr`sãf hspgïf-hspgïf -
thipf, vëhi nf i`tf uig u ig a`stór`g quh thr`g gcfnthc`lf ng gurfrg lfs thipfs.
\rgtg-sh, ng rhgb`lglh, lh uig ihtg-a`stór`g, shiprh gtugb.
À gss`i quh f Oënhs`s eéeb`cf à ui phrpàtuf prhshnth ihsif sh, g pgrt`r lf
cgpétubf T@, a`stór`g h ihtg-a`stór`g sh suphrpøhi nf névhb lh uig ihsig
ngrrgïãf.
G crét`cg a`stór`cg, gf `nthrv`r nhssh gssuntf, nãf nfs `nthrhssg shnãf iu`tf
shcunlgr`gihnth.
Thrhifs `ssf, pfr hxhipbf, ng a`stór`g lf L`bûv`f, hncfntrglg sfe dfrigs
l`dhrhnths, igs lh gcfrlf cfi uig hstruturg `lënt`cg hi qugsh tflgs gs orgnlhs
cfrrhnths trgl`c`fng`s.
Nfthifs, gb`çs, quh g A`stór`g, hnqugntf lhshnvfbv`ihntf lhssg ihtg-a`stór`g nf
iunlf lfs dhnüihnfs, pflh shr ui i`tf.
Shr`g f ihsif quh nfs pr`vgr lf hscbgrhc`ihntf hsshnc`gb sferh nfssf duturf
a`stór`cf, nãf sgehr ig`s bhr fs gcfnthc`ihntfs cfi hssg cagvh.
G A`stór`g hncfntrg f shu s`on`d`cglf nf I`tf quh, pfr sug vhz, sh vhr`d`cg ng
A`stór`g.
Gbài l`ssf, thrhifs fcgs`ãf lh vhr nfs Hvgnohbafs, shi cfntulf cfbfcgr hi
lûv`lg g a`stfr`c`lglh lh Cr`stf, f hxtrgtf iét`cf quh hbhs cfntëi.
Gss`i, pfr hxhipbf, gcfnthch cfi fs lf`s Kføhs, Sãf Kfãf, f Egt`stg h Sãf Kfãf, f
Hvgnohb`stg, quh hncgrngi f Kgnus e`drfns lfs gnt`ofs h lh quh dgbgrhifs ig`s
gl`gnth.
Gss`i shnlf, à dfrg lh lûv`lg quh fs pr`ih`rfs cgpétubfs lf Oënhs`s sãf drutf lf
i`tf, hi pgrt`cubgr g a`stór`g lh Glãf h Hvg, quh nãf sãf nfssfs pr`ih`rfs
pr` ih`rfs pg`s ng
frlhi crfnfbóo`cg, igs f Afihi (afihi h iubahr) cósi`cf quh tflfs sfifs,
hi dunïøhs igscub`ngs h dhi`n`ngs.
G pgbgvrg Ehrhsa`t “ quh gerh f Oënhs`s eéeb`cf “ à `ntrgluzévhb.
 

Kuntfs, pflhrhifs gl`v`nagr shu shnt`lf, igs cgeh g cglg ui gt`no`r gt`n o`r f shu nûcbhf.
Nãf aç lûv`lg lh quh hbg `ipb`cg uig nfïãf lh "pr`ncép`f", igs nãf pflhifs vhr
nhbg, hi nhnaui cgsf, g lh cfihïf, lh `néc`f lh uig suchssãf thipfrgb.
\rgtg-sh, nf cgsf, lf i`stàr`f pr`nc`pgb quh, gbài lfs cfnch`tfs lh pgssglf h lh
duturf, à.
]hbf ihsif ift`vf, hssg pgbgvrg tfcg f chrnh v`tgbv` tgb lh cglg shr h nhbh hncfntrg sug
rhssfnånc`g.
À f quh fcfrrh nf Oënhs`s.
Cfnvài gofrg gprhshntgr ui `nstruihntf supbhihntgr; g bénoug b énoug aherg`cg
hnqugntf vhécubf lf i`tf.
Gpf`gnlf-sh ng trgl`ïãf frgb, f "quh cfnahch" pflh cahogr gf cfrgïãf lf i`tf
usgnlf cfif `ntàrprhth uig trgluïãf.
Igs, nãf nfs hnognhifs: uig trgluïãf d`xg f thxtf nf névhb lh `nthrprhtgïãf lf
trglutfr.
Lh i`nag pgrth, df` g própr`g bénoug sgorglg quh shrv`u lh egsh í i`nag
ihl`tgïãf.
Hssg bénoug, l`z-nfs g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg, pflh shr b`lg
b` lg usgnlf-sh l`dhrhnths
rho`strfs (shthntg, pgrg shr prhc`sg).
S`iefb`cgihnth, hssh "shthntg" quhr l`zhr quh nfssg ihl`tgïãf
ihl `tgïãf nãf thi d`i, pf`s
bhvg í cfnthipbgïãf lh Lhus.
Wuh à quh dgz lhssg bénoug
b énoug ui vhécubf shihbagnth6
Nãf dgrhifs gqu` uig ferg a`stór`cg, nhi shiånt`cg, igs, pgrhch-ih “ lh
gcfrlf cfi fs nuihrfsfs trgegbafs quh trgtgi
t rgtgi lhssh gssuntf “ quh f aherg`cf,
 kuntgihnth cfi f sånscr`tf,
sånscr`tf, cfnt`nug g shr uuig
ig lgs bénougs ig`s próx próx`igs
`igs lh uig
dfnth gnthr`fr,
Nhnauig bénougûn`cg h lhscfnahc`lg.
cfnshrvfu tãf `ntgctg g sug dh`ïãf fr`o`ngb.
Shounlf g trgl`ïãf, g pr`ih`rg bénoug df` lglg gfs afihns pfr Lhus.
Hbg hrg "ung", l`z f Oënhs`s (Q@; 7), gtà g cfnstruïãf lg \frrh lh Egehb.
Nhssh ifihntf, hbg hxpbflh h cglg uig lgs sugs dgéscgs-vhref dfrig gs bénougs
lfs pfvfs.
G lfs aherhus, bfof cfnsgorglg
cfn sgorglg í v`lg rhb`o`fsg, nãf d`cfu sukh`tg ís vgr`gïøhs
prfdgngs.
Gs l`dhrhnths ihnsgohns cfnt`lgs hi uig ihsig pg7gvrg, gtà ihsif hi uig
ihsig drgsh, só sh gerhi pgrg f cfnahchnth sh hbh lh`xg fphrgr hi s` g phrcussãf
gifrfsg lg Bhtrg-hnhro`g h sh hbh hb h gch`tg ifrrhr pgrg shus cfnch`tfs gnthr`frhs
pgrg rhssusc`tgr pgrg fs cfnch`tfs lh uig cfnsc`ënc`g cfipbhtgihnth nfvg.
Bhvgifs, pf`s, cfnfscf hssg "dfnth ûn`cg h lhscfnahc`lg".
Lhscfnahc`lg, pfrquh pgrt`c`pg lf nfssf shr prfdunlf, thrrgs prfdunlgs quh só
gt`no`ifs pfr ngsc`ihntfs `nthr`frhs, nfssfs pgrtfs lh nós ihsifs pgrg nós
ihsifs, pgrtfs hsshs quh sh tfigrãf f fekhtf lf hstulf g shou`r: nfssf cfrpf à f
shu prforgig h f shu `nstruihntf.
Igs tgieài à g dfnth quh ís vhzhs kfrrg nf vhref lf prfdhtg, nf cånt`cf lf pfhtg
fu ng b`nougohi vhbglg lf `ncfnsc`hnth.
` ncfnsc`hnth.
Hssg "bénoug ung", quh sh pflh cagigr "l`v`ng" “ fs aherhus dgzhi lg un`lglh ui
Nfih l`v`nf “, à g quh fs gpóstfbfs, hier`goglfs lf Hspér`tf Sgntf, dgbgvgi nf
l`g lh ]hnthcfsths h quh df` cfiprhhnl`lg pfr tflfs fs pfvfs prhshnths gquhbh l`g
hi Khrusgbài.
Hrg hntãf g dhstg lh Sagvfufta “ g dhstg lgs shgrgs “ quh prhd`ourgvg g lgs
shgrgs lgs thrrgs `nthr`frhs lf Afihi, cukg ûbt`ig
ûb t`ig cfbah`tg à f ]rópr`f Thref
l`v`nf!

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf  ]grth 3–

Lg hspglg í Çrvfrh lg T`lg. F Ehi h f Igb

Cfif f Thref ngsch lf S`bënc`f l`v`nf, cfif g Buz sg` lgs orgnlhs \rhvgs, lh
gcfrlf cfi g ihsig bh`, nf névhb
né vhb lg i`nag hxphr`ënc`g, ngschu uig pgbgvrg,
er`bafu uig buz quh nãf pfssf "lh`xgr sfe f gbquh`rh" (It, T;78).
Shrç thipf, gofrg, lh lgr thsthiunaf g hssg pgbgvrg6
]grg l`zhr g vhrlglh, phnsf quh tflg hssg ferg fu prhstgrç hssh thsthiunaf fu
nãf hx`st`rç.
À vhrlglh quh f d`baf pról`of cfnahch g dfih h g sfb`lãf nf lhshrtf, gnths lh
prhpgrgr f shu ifv`ihntf lh vfbtg pgrg g Cgsg lf ]g`, pgrg f Xi quh f ohrfu
(Bc, QT; 77.35).
Só ihsif nf dunlf lf ge`sif, nf b`i`th lf gesurlf, nf åigof lf l f lhshsphrf,
nhssg igtr`z fescurg, à quh f Afihi pflh lhscfer`r hssg shihnth quh ohri`ngrç
h bfof shrç g sug l`ihnsãf
l` ihnsãf l`v`ng.
F cgi`naf quh hbh hscfbahu `ipb`cg hssh pgrtf rulh.
Lh igtr`z hi igtr`z, g "Orgnlh Ferg" sh gphrdh`ïfg.
Kç cfnahc` uig fu vçr`gs lhssgs igtr`zhs, cfnahc` g lfr lh l h vçr`fs pgrtfs, igs
lhssh pgrtf lh i`i ihsig nglg ig`s sh` lf quh g ``ihnsg
ihnsg gbhor`g lh pgrt`c`pgr lg
v`lg.
Hstg, bfnoh lh rhluz`r-sh í cgnsgt`vg rhpht`ïãf lf quft`l`gnf, lhd`nh-sh hntãf cfif
hxphr`ënc`g lh cfnqu`stg lf "nûcbhf".
G cgi`naglg à l`déc`b, pfnt`baglg lh trhvgs h lh buzhs, lh quhlgs h lh v`tór`gs, igs
cfnstgnthihnth gpf`glg pfr ou`gs `nv`sévh`s, quh sh rhvhzgi lh htgpg hi htgpg.
Xi lfs pr`ih`rfs "ou`gs" g sh gprhshntgr df` hsth; f Nfih l`v`nf .
]fr cgusg lgs sugs qugtrf bhtrgs, à cagiglf \htrgorgig.
Nuncg prfnunc`glf, igs ís vhzhs sfbhtrglf; Pfl-Aà-Tgv-Aà, hssh Nfih nãf hrg
prfcbgiglf shnãf uig vhz pfr gnf phbf suif sgchrlfth nf shorhlf lf Sgntf lfs
Sgntfs h lh gcfrlf cfi ui iflf v`ergtór`f quh sh phrlhu.
Nós, quh nãf thifs ig`s nhnauig cfnsc`ënc`g lf pflhr
pfl hr lh ui nfih “ shr v`vf
quh `ndfrig gquhbh quh f prfnunc`g “ nãf sfifs cgpgzhs shquhr lh `igo`ngr
` igo`ngr f
thrrfr sgorglf quh hssh Nfih `nsp`rgvg gfs aherhus.
À vhrlglh quh f nfih “ hi aherg`cf Sahi “ shounlf f thrif quh lhbh lhr`vg, à
ui hsquhig cfi tflg g dfrïg quh pflhr`g cfipfrtgr uig igquhth quh, lh
rhphnth, sh lhshnvfbvhssh nuig ferg gcgeglg.
]flhifs prhsshnt`r g `nthns`lglh lf ihlf quh shnt`gi fs afihns lf pfvf lh
Lhus qugnlf g dfrïg lf nfih l`v`nf rhvhbgnlf Lhus hrg pfstg hi v`ergïãf.
Wuh à, hntãf,
Oënhs`s hsshHbfa`i,
kuntf gfs Nfih quh gpgrhch
lhpf`s quh fphbg pr`ih`rg
iunlf vhz nf
df` cr`glf hishounlf cgpétubf lf
shu ]r`ncép`f6
] r`ncép`f6
Hu ih dgz`g hssg phrountg qugnlf, lh rhphnth, ih gpgrhchu f \htrgorgig
lhshnaglf lhsth iflf (vhr d`ourg 7).

Gbouns ihshs ig`s tgrlh, ger`nlf ui l`g

l` g "pfr gcgsf" f Shpahr Ag[fagr, B`vrf lf
Hspbhnlfr (b`vrf quh, cfi f Shpahr Phts`rga “ B`vrf lg Dfrigïãf “ à uig hspàc`h
lh "Eéeb`g lfs Wgeegb`stgs"), fs ihus fbafs rhcgérgi sferh hstg drgsh;
"G Hspglg lf Sgntf, ehnl`tf shkg hbh, à dfriglg phbf \htrgorgig: f Pfl à f shu
punaf, f Tgv g båi`ng, fs lf`s Aà fs lf`s ouihs."
([fagr, @@@; 5?<e.)
 

Hssg à futrg hxphr`ënc`g `nhxpr`iévhb pgrg quhi nãf g v`vhu; qugnlf hstgifs nf
cgi`naf chrtf, f drutf lg nfssg ihl`tgïãf rhcheh g sug cfnd`rigïãf.
F Thref dgbg, f Hspér`tf cfnd`rig.
F \htrgorgig-Hspglg tfifu-sh, hntãf, f nfssf ou`g.
]fucf g pfucf, shu rfstf ih gpgrhchu; nf Pfl, f punaf, lhb`nh`g-sh g cgehïg lf
Afihi, g drfnth quh f Cr`stãf tfcg qugnlf, phrs`ongnlf-sh, l`z f nfih lf ]g`.
Nf Tgv, g båi`ng, gpgrhch g cfbung vhrthergb, dfriglg lgs hnhro`gs
hn hro`gs lf ]g` ng
hthrng ohrgïãf lf D`baf.
Nfs lf`s Aà, fs lf`s ouihs, lhshnvfbvhi-sh fs pubiøhs, quh sh prfbfnogi nfs
lf`s ergïfs h ngs lugs iãfs lf Afihi quh f Hspér`tf hncah cfi f sfprf lg T`lg.
F \htrgorgig rhvhbg, gss`i, g "hstruturg l`v`ng" hi sug hssënc`g tr`n`tçr`g, h g
hstruturg tr`n`tçr`g lf Afihi, sug `igohi.
Hbh à f grquàt`pf pfr hxchbënc`g, grquàt`pf g pgrt`r lf qugb "Lhus Sh dgz Afihi
pgrg quh f Afihi sh tfrnh Lhus".
Hssh "gx`fig" hxprhssf phbg pr`ih`rg vhz, pgrhch, pfr Sgntf @r`nhu lh Byfn, à
cfnd`riglf pfr tflfs fs ]glrhs lf pr`ih`rf i`bën`f cr`stãf h pfr gquhbhs quh, nf
Fr`hnth, sãf shus ahrlh`rfs.
@igohi l`v`ng, f afihi f à fntfbfo`cgihnth.
ZFntfbfo`cgihnth s`on`d`cg "pfr ngturhzg". Ng shqòënc`g lf thxtf, l`st`nou`rh` g
"fntfbfo`g", ngturhzg pr`ih`rg lf Afihi, lg "tûn`cg lh phbh",
p hbh", g sug shounlg
ngturhzg, gcrhschntglg lhpf`s lg quhlg.Y
Hssg `igohi nãf à gt`no`lg pfr nhnauig lgs v`c`ss`tulhs lg sug A`stór`g, nhi
ihsif phbf lrgig quh cfnst`tu` g sug "quhlg".
Nãf l`z Hvg, gcgsf, gf cfbfcgr nf iunlf shu pr`ih`rf
p r`ih`rf d`baf (Wg`n); "Ognah` ui
afihi
À ig`s fulhihnfs
hstruturg h lh
gss`i lquh
h vfcgïãf l`v`ngs."
phrchehifs f s`on`d`cglf lhssh  (hta) quh b`og gs
lugs pgbgvrgs "afihi" h "", f \htrgorgig.
Age`tugbihnth trgluz`lf pfr "cfi g gkulg lh", hssh   ‘hta—  `ntrfluz
 `ntrfluz ohrgbihnth
ui cfipbhihntf l`rhtf h cfbfcgr`g gqu`, hi gpfs`ïãf, f Nfih l`v`nf h f nfih lf
afihi.
Sh, pfr futrf bglf, nftgrifs quh à cfnst`tuélf phbg pr`ih`rg h phbg ûbt`ig bhtrg lf
gbdgehtf aherg`cf, hbh `nl`cgrç ui cfihïf h ui d`i, f Gbdg h f Üihog...
Nhbh, g l`ihnsãf crést`cg gd`rig-sh nf cfnthxtf lg quhlg.
F Afihi cfnshrvg g @igohi lf Grquàt`pf l`v`nf.
Hbh phrlhu f cgi`naf lg Shihbagnïg, igs pflh tfrngr g hncfntrç-bf.
\flf f l`ngi`sif hscgtfbóo`cf hstç gé.
Cr`stf, nfvf Glãf, l`rç; "Hu sfu f cgi`naf."

]rfss`ogifs hi nfssg ihl`tgïãf sferh f lhshnaf lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg,

suest`tu`nlf gs qugtrf bhtrgs quh f cfipøhi pfr
p fr shus nûihrfs cfrrhspfnlhnths.
(vhr d`ourg 5)

]fr hssh nfvf lhshnaf pflhifs bhr `stf; f nûihrf 4 s`iefb`zg f Afihi nf
cfihïf lg sug dfrigïãf.
Cr`glf nf shxtf l`g lg Oënhsh, hbh rhcgp`tubg fs 4 pr`ih`rfs l`gs lg Cr`gïãf.
H nhssh shnt`lf quh g bhtrg Tgv ( ) b`oglg gf 4 à g cfnkunïãf "h".
F afihi à cfnkunïãf. 
 

Hbh b`og, lh ui bglf, tflfs fs hbhihntfs lf cfsifs hntrh s`, ngs sugs cfntrgl`ïøhs
h ngs sugs cfipbhihntgr`lglhs rhsphct`vgs

fs lf`s Ah ;  –  -  
8 – 4 - 8
h, lh futrf bglf, g \hrrg h f Càu (f cfnkuntf   h f Pfl  cukf vgbfr 7= un`d`cg
un `d`cg fs
lf`s Aà).
Hssg un`d`cgïãf dgz f própr`f fekhtf lg A`stór`g lf Afihi cukg vfcgïãf à pgssgr
lf 4 gf
Hssg 7=, gssui`nlf
pgssgohi lf 4 gf fs
7=?,cfipbhtg-sh
1 h 0. í ihl`lg quh sh rhgb`zgi
r hgb`zgi fs cgsgihntfs
suchss`vfs lfs lf`s Aà.
Nf pbgnf e`fbóo`cf, g dfrigïãf lh uig cr`gnïg nf vhntrh lg iãh fehlhch g hssg
ihsig bh`; nf 4» iës g cr`gnïg hstç dfriglg.
Igs f quh sh pgssg nf ûthrf lurgnth fs ?», 1» h 0» ihshs s`iefb`zg g v`lg `nth`rg
lg cr`gnïg hntrh f shu ngsc`ihntf h g sug ifrth.
Hstg à uig htgpg cgp`tgb lh quh dgbgrh` gf hstulgr f sgnouh.
Wugnlf g cr`gnïg ngsch, hbg s`iefb`zg f 7=, f Pfl, g cr`gnïg l`v`ng quh à cagiglg
g pür f iunlf hi s` nf d`ngb lf "0» iës" lg sug a`stór`g.., f quh lhvhr`g shr g sug
ifrth.
F ? à pbhn`tulh, rhcuphrgïãf nui névhb (fs lf`s Ah  un`rgi-sh pbhngihnth):
`ipb`cg uig rht`rglg, uig iutgïãf, cukf gsphctf nhogt`vf hbh s`iefb`zg.
F 1, quh f shouh, à uig prfvg lh festçcubf.
Gquhbh quh f ubtrgpgssg gt`noh ui nfvf "ngsc`ihntf, g rhssurrh`ïãf", gsphctf
pfs`t`vf lg iutgïãf.
F 0 s`iefb`zg g phrdh`ïãf, f gcgegihntf lfs iunlfs
iun lfs cr`glfs.
Nf 7=, f Afihi gt`noh g lh`d`cgïãf, hncfntrgnlf g dfnth ng qugb sh rh`nthorg, cfi
hbh, tflf f cfsifs, fs iunlfs v`sévh`s h fs f s `nv`sévh`s.
]fnlf nf iunlf g cr`gnïg l`v`ng, f Pfl, hbh gt`noh hi  f shu própr`f nûcbhf h
tfig-sh f shu Nfih.
\flfs fs nfssfs Nfihs, ohrihs lh T`lg T`l g nfs qug`s Hbfa`i sfprg Glãf (On, @@; ?),
hstãf cfnt`lfs hi .
Lg fr`ohi gtà f 4, lurgnth
l urgnth fs sh`s pr`ih`rfs l`gs lf Oënhs`s, gss`st`ifs gf
lhshnvfbv`ihntf lf Nfih L`v`nf , hxp`rgïãf l`v`nf-auigng.
Lf gcgegihntf lf shxtf l`g, nf Afihi, gtà g rhcfnqu`stg lf 7= pfr hsth ûbt`if,
ûb t`if,
lf Oënhs`s gf Gpfcgb`psh, vgifs gss`st`r í `nsp`rgïãf auignf-l`v`ng.
F \htrgorgig-Hspglg, vhbglf í nfssg cfnsc`ënc`g, cfrrhrç hi d`b`orgng nhstg
shounlg pgrth lg v`gohi.
H à sfe f séiefbf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg pbgntglg nf ih`f lf kgrl`i lf Àlhn quh
vgifs rhchehr g buz nhchssçr`g pgrg ou`gr hssg vfbtg lf Afihi pgrg Lhus.
Cfnthipbhifs hssh nfvf Grquàt`pf, g Çrvfrh sferh g qugb tulf sh frlhng.

F Àlhn, kgrl`i lgs lhbéc`gs, rhprhshntg gphngs ui hstglf.

Hssh hstglf nãf à `iutçvhb, gs bhtrgs nf-bf `nl`cgi;  ?-<-?==.
Hntrh hsshs lf`s ?, f < à séiefbf lh lhthnïãf h lh pfrtg g pgssgr.
F hstglf pgrgl`ségcf lf Afihi nf Àlhn nãf pgssg lh uig htgpg igtr`c`gb.
À gé quh Glãf gcgeg sug dfrigïãf.
Hbh à ui ohrih quh gé giglurhch f Pfl, f drutf quh hbh lhvh tfrngr-sh.
tfrngr -sh.
Hssg "igturgïãf" pgrhch shr gsshourglg phbf l`çbfof gifrfsf quh hntãf sh trgvg
hntrh f Cr`glfr h g sug Cr`gïãf.
Hstg l`r`oh g hssënc`g lf shu lhshkf
l hshkf pgrg Lhus, ]g`-Hspfsf. Lhus rhspfnlh
pbgntgnlf g Çrvfrh nf ih`f lf kgrl`i.
G Çrvfrh prfbfnog g sug shihnth nf r`f quh sg` lf Àlhn h vg` dhcunlgr fs qugtrf
iunlfs (Fbgi-agGts`buta, iunlf lfs grquàt`pfs: Fbgi-agEhr`ga, iunlf lg
Cr`gïãf: Fbgi-agPhts`rga, iunlf lg Dfrigïãf: Fbgi-agGs`ga, iunlf shnsévhb).
 

]`bgr ohnàt`cf lh tflg g Cr`gïãf, g Çrvfrh à tgieài lugs Çrvfrhs; Çrvfrh lg T`lg
h Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf lf Ehi h lf Igb.
Giegs pbgntglgs "nf ih`f lf kgrl`i" sãf uig só, nf-bf l`z g \rgl`ïãf.
Grquàt`pf l`v`nf lh tflg g cr`gïãf, hbg nfs à rhvhbglg phbf \htrgorgrng.
Sugs rgézhs hstãf hi Pfl, shu trfncf nf Tgv: hbg sh ign`dhstg hi shus drutfs, fs
lf`s Aà.
]fr sug vhz, tfignlf lh iãfs cah`gs hsshs lf`s Aà quh hbg à, f Afihi à
cagiglf g rhifntgr í sug rg`z, f Pfl, g un`lglh lg qugb hbh prfchlh h quh shrç f
shu drutf.
F Afihi nãf pflh cfihr hssh drutf hnqugntf nãf sh tfigr f drutf.
Lh Àlhn hi Àlhn, lh l h igtr`z hi igtr`z, hbh cfnchehrç g s` ihsif nf  , quh hbh
lhvh tfrngr-sh.
]rhvhn`lf pfr Lhus g rhsph`tf lhssg bh` dunlgihntgb, g dfrig iét`cg lg prf`e`ïãf
lh cfihr lhssh drutf trgluz g `ndfrigïãf quh Glãf rhchehu, cfnchrnhnth ís
hstruturgs lfs iunlfs.
Lh gofrg hi l`gnth, hbh cfnahch shus ihcgn`sifs; g pun`ïãf quh sh shouh í
hscfbag trgluz f hdh`tf lhsshs ihcgn`sifs gss`i lhshncglhglfs.
G dfrig kurél`cg lf i`tf dgz cfi quh gefrlhifs f prfebhig lf Ehi h lf Igb nui
hspér`tf lh gnthiãf dgbshglf, sh d`cgrifs pr`s`fnh`rfs lhssg dfrig.
\hnthifs phnhtrgr f i`stàr`f lhssg çrvfrh, nfssf
n fssf grquàt`pf.
Fs trglutfrhs, prfkhtgnlf f lugb`sif lf shu phnsgihntf, dgbgi lg Çrvfrh lf
Cfnahc`ihntf lf Ehi h lf Igb, \fv vhUg “  .
Hntãf, f igb pbgntglf nf cfrgïãf lf kgrl`i lf Àlhn à fntfbóo`cf6
Dgz pgrth `nthorgnth lg cr`gïãf6
Hbh à, pf`s, ui lfs rhdbhxfs lg l`v`nlglh6
Hssg à g phrountg quh hstgrégifs gutfr`zglfs g dfriubgr sh gch`tçsshifs
shihbagnths prhi`ssgs.
Nãf shrç thipf lh b`ehrtgr f cfrgïãf lfs afihns lhssh cfntrgshnsf6
Tgifs ig`s bfnoh; \fv  , f ehi, à g pgbgvrg quh hncfntrgifs lhslh f `néc`f
lf Oënhs`s h quh qugb`d`cg, nf pr`ih`rf l`g, g buz.
Hbh qugb`d`cgrç, nf névhb lh cglg ui lfs futrfs l`gs, uig hihroënc`g í buz, uig
phrdh`ïãf gt`no`lg.
Igs, bfo`cgihnth, quhi l`z phrdh`ïãf l`z rhsb`zgïãf, gcgegihntf, hstge`b`zgïãf: 
hnd`i, ifrth.
Frg, tflg `nthrrupïãf hxcbu` g phrdh`ïãf.
Hstgifs nui `ipgssh.
Sg`gifs lh nfssg bóo`cg rgc`fngb.
Hntrhifs nf "Bfofs", quh nãf pflh hxpb`cgr f iunlf l`v`nf í nfssg cfnsc`ënc`g
shnãf usgnlf lg gnt`nfi`g: hi Lhus cfhx`sthi g `ife`b`lglh
` ife`b`lglh gesfbutg h f
gesfbutf ifv`ihntf.
Uhgb`lglh hsshnc`gb quh g trgl`ïãf ca`nhsg hxpr`ih nf s`iefb`sif lg rflg,
r flg, cukf
pfntf chntrgb à phrdh`tgihnth `ióvhb h dfnth lh tflf ifv`ihntf.
À `stf, sferhtulf, f quh l`z g v`sãf lh Hzhqu`hb (Cgp. @); fs Wugtrf Gn`ig`s,
gcfipgnagnlf gs qugtrf rflgs gtrhbglgs gf cgrrf l`v`nf, "`gi lh shus qugtrf
bglfs h nãf sh vfbtgvgi hi sug cgi`naglg".
@ife`b`lglh gesfbutg h ifv`ihntf gesfbutf, uig ûn`cg h ihsig rhgb`lglh g quh f
i`tf eéeb`cf sh rhdhrh, lhshnvfbvhnlf g un`lglh pr`ifrl`gb lg Çrvfrh, f Pfl, rg`z lg
Çrvfrh, hi lf`s thrifs gnt`nüi`cfs.
Hsths, bfnoh lh sh hxcbuérhi h lh dgzhrhi ui gf futrf cfiprfi`ssfs lh ohnt`bhzg,
hxpr`ihi ui h futrf, lh dfrig s`iubtånhg h tftgb, sug rhsphct`vg h ûn`cg
ûn` cg
ubtrgpgssgohi.
F Afihi quh pgssfu lf 4 gf ? cfihïfu, gss`i, g cgi`nagr ng l`rhïãf lf iunlf
l`v`nf ubtrgpgssgnlf shus própr`fs b`i`ths.
 

]grg hbh, nãf aç lûv`lg gbouig lh quh nãf pflh hntrgr nf i`stàr`f, g nãf shr quh
cfns`og gegrcgr, hi sug tftgb`lglh h hi sugs kustgs rhbgïøhs, fs lf`s thrifs lg
gnt`nfi`g.
Hi Lhus cfhx`sthi f Shr h f Nãf-Shr.
Gf sh lhd`n`r cfif Shr (Hx, @@@; 7<), Lhus kç Sh b`i`tg (à g Jhnfs`s l`v`ng lfs
]glrhs orhofs, f \s`i \sfui lfs aherhus) h f cgi`naf lf Cfnahc`ihntf só pflh
ubtrgpgssgr hssg lhd`n`ïãf gd`rignlf tgieài `ougbihnth f shu cfntrçr`f;
f Nãf-Shr.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f "ehi" h f quh sh cfnvhnc`fnfu cagigr lh f "igb" lg Çrvfrh
cfnst`tuhi uig cf`sg só, cfif fs lf`s póbfs lh l h uig ihsig rhgb`lglh
`nhxpr`iévhb.
 ThUG, hnqugntf cfntrçr`f lf ehi, lg phrdh`ïãf, lg hstge`b`zgïãf, nãf thi f
shnt`lf quh bah lgifs, igs `ipb`cg g rhgb`lglh lh ui dfri`lçvhb l`ngi`sif, lh
uig phrpàtug cgi`naglg pgrg hssg phrdh`ïãf quh, gnt`nfi`cgihnth, kç à.
G pgbgvrg  UG , ng ngrrgïãf eéeb`cg
eéeb`cg,, sh nfs gprhshntg `ncfrpfrglg í cfnkunïãf
"h", f Tgv, dfrignlf uig nfvg pgbgvrg ThUG  .
G bhtrg Gy`n  kfog shiprh l`gbht`cgihnth cfi f Gbhpa  hi uig rhbgïãf trhvg-
buz, pf`s f Afihi nãf pflh `r hi l`rhïãf í buz lf Gbhpa shnãf `nlf í "dfnth" lf
shu shr, f Gy`n.
G thnsãf hntrh hssgs lugs hnhro`gs cr`g f pfthnth l`ngi`sif lh crhsc`ihntf lg
Çrvfrh.
Supfnagifs hssh crhsc`ihntf rhgb`zglf, f Gbhpa  tfig f buogr lf Gy`n  nf sh`f

lg
Hstgpgbgvrg
 quh sh tfig
ûbt`ig à dfriglg,

hntãf, pfr. trës bhtrgs
b htrgs lg pgbgvrg buz  Gfr.
@ssf nfs phri`th trgluz`r g pgbgvrg  ThUG, f "Igb", pfr "g`nlg-nãf-buz".
G cr`gïãf só sh ignthvh hi shu hqu`béer`f lh shr v`vf ng thnsãf hx`sthnth hntrh
hssgs lugs rhgb`lglhs quh, hi "prfdunlhzg", sãf gphngs uig; g buz b uz \fv , h g
g`nlg-nãf-buz Ug , g phrdh`ïãf h f nãf-gcgegihntf, f gcgeglf h f `ngcgeglf, g
agrifn`g h g cfndusãf, htc.
\flg uig s`ntrfp`g cósi`cg hstç gé, cfif g dés`cg pflh vhr`d`cgr.
Hssg l`sc`pb`ng c`hntéd`cg hstç prhsths g v`vhr f shu "?", cfi g `ihnsg rhcfnvhrsãf í
qugb hstç fer`oglg lh uns thipfs pgrg cç, phbg thfr`g lg rhbgt`v`lglh lh H`nsth`n
(ui aherhu), thfr`g quh, afkh, l`z f dés`cf F. Cfstg lh Ehgurhogrl, lhvhr`g cagigr-
sh "\hfr`g lf Gesfbutf hncfehrtf phbgs gpgrënc`gs".
Hssgs gpgrënc`gs; buz h g`nlg-nãf-buz, phrdh`ïãf h nãf-phrdh`ïãf, htc., dfrigi g
lugb`lglh lg ign`dhstgïãf.
Wuhi,
fpfs`ïãf`onfrgnlf
`ihl`gtggquh
un`lglh quh gs rhcferh,
hbgs hxpr`ihi, à cgpgz
lg l`v`sãf qu hlhhbgs
quh gprhhnlë-bgs
prfvfcgi6dfrg lg
N`nouài pflh lfi`ngr g gnt`nfi`g shi thr hntrglf ng hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg lg sug
ubtrgpgssgohi, pfr pgrc`gb quh hstg shkg, cgi`nagnlf ruif gf nûcbhf quh b`og fs
shus póbfs.
Hsshs lf`s póbfs sãf cfnst`tut`vfs lf Glãf cr`glf "igcaf h dëihg" (On, ( On, @; 5?).
"Igcaf" “  [gjafr “ à gquhbh quh "sh bhierg" (à g ihsig pgbgvrg hi
aherg`cf) lg sug rhshrvg lh hnhro`g  Nqàvga ("dëihg"), "cfnt`nhnth" quh
hnchrrg g dfrïg lf Nfih.
À igcaf gquhbh quh sh bhierg lf shu dhi`n`nf `ngcgeglf h quh tfig t fig f cgi`naf
lg cfnqu`stg lf shu Nfih.
Hstç gé g vfcgïãf dunlgihntgb lh cglg Glãf, afihi fu iubahr.
Glãf h f shu dhi`n`nf `nscrhvhi-sh ng ihsig l`gbàt`cg quh \fv vhUg.
F dhi`n`nf, g "sfierg" lh cglg ui, cfntài f shorhlf lf nfssf Nfih.
ZG "cfsthbg" à ng rhgb`lglh f "Bglf", ‒tshbg’ (     ) hi aherg`cf, h ig`s
ig`s hxgtgihnth
f bglf "sfier`f" (lg rg`z ‒tshb’ (   )). G bhtrg vhi rhdfrïgr g cfnftg
cfnftgïãf
ïãf "trhvg".Y
 

F drutf lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf lg lugb`lglh à f cfnahc`ihntf lg un`lglh

cfnqu`stglg, f Pfl , lf Nfih l`v`nf
Wugnlf Glãf cfih f drutf gnths lh thr-sh tfiglf f drutf (gnths lf trgegbaf
fphrglf sferh , trgegbaf lh hspfnsg`s gifrfsfs cfi f shu dhi`n`nf), sgehnlf
Glãf lh `néc`f quh hbh à lf`s ("hbhs sãf lf`s, nus h nãf hnvhrofnaglfs" “ 
On, 77;58), hntrg hntãf ng `busãf lg un`lglh
un` lglh glqu`r`lg, `busãf lf Pfl cfnqu`stglf;
"H`s quh Glãf à cfif Xi." Z(On, @@@; 55). G trgluïãf; "H`s quh Glãf à cfif ui lh
nós" à iu`tf cfnthstçvhb, pflhnlf "lh nós"
n ós" shr b`lf "pfr cgusg lhbg" (g Çrvfrh lf
Cfnahc`ihntf).Y
G `busãf à tftgb.
Gcrhl`tgnlf shr Xi, Glãf nãf pflh ig`s tfigr-sh f drutf.
G sgélg lf Àlhn h g cfbfcgïãf lgs "tûn`cgs lh phbh" sãf gbouigs ihl`lgs lh
prfthïãf, nãf lh pun`ïãf, pgrg phri`t`r quh f Afihi hsquhïg, quh sg`g lg `busãf
quh f tfig lhslh hntãf hstàr`b, g d`i lh quh, rhtfignlf f cgi`naf lfs hspfnsg`s
h lg dhcunl`lglh, hbh rhcfnqu`sth f Pfl lh  cfi kusthzg.

Wuh "tûn`cg lh phbh" à hssg cfi quh Lhus cferh hntãf Glãf (On, 777; 57)6
G hxprhssãf "tûn`cg lh phbh" “  Gfr “ nglg ig`s à quh g pgbgvrg vhUg, "nãf-
buz", cukgs bhtrgs dfrgi phriutglgs.
Thifs cfif g "nãf-buz" “  vhUg “ h g "tûn`cg lh phbh" “  Gfr “ hstãf
b`oglgs uig í futrg phbg ihsig dfrïg!
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, f Afihi à `lhnt`d`cglf
`l hnt`d`cglf í "nãf-buz".
 ‘ — 

]rfnunc`glg
Cfrtglf lf Pfl@vhr
quh, hssg
bah àihsig
rht`rglf, kç quh
pgbgvrg hbh  s`on`d`cg "chof".
à f própr`f fekhtf lg sug `busãf, f
Afihi `lhnt`d`cglf cfi  à chof.
Hbh nãf cfnahch ig`s g sug rhgb`lglh prfdunlg.
prf dunlg.
Nãf sgeh ig`s `lhnt`d`cgr gs hnhro`gs lh quh à url`lf, fs gn`ig`s quh hbh à ngs
sugs hstruturgs fntfbóo`cgs.
Hbh à, hntãf, rhluz`lf nfvgihnth í cfndusãf cfi f shu dhi`n`nf, cfi f shu
pfthnc`gb hnhroàt`cf quh, nf `néc`f, à gn`igb.
Sug "phbh" à g sug fpgc`lglh g tflg cfnsc`ënc`g rhgb.
Fs lf`s  lf Grquàt`pf (vhr d`ourg 7), pr`vglfs lf Pfl quh fs b`og phbg rg`z, hstãf
vgognlf gf bàu.

Gs Hnhro`gs lf Afihi hstãf vgognlf.

Shrãf l`sc`pb`nglgs nf `nthr`fr lh cglg ui pfrpf r bh`s ifrg`s fu feshrvånc`gs hstr`tgs
quh hsphrgi shr nfvgihnth rho`lgs phbf Pfl.
Nf névhb lg auign`lglh, f Tgv - f Afihi, cfnkunïãf lfs póbfs cfntrçr`fs,
rhbgïãf lh gifr, tfig-sh rhbgïãf lh dfrïgs, h f ig`s dfrth hsigog f ig`s drgcf.
Gs bh`s cév`cgs, sfc`g`s, `nthrngc`fng`s kuoubgrãf hssg gngrqu`g, hsphrgnlf quh f Pfl
lë nfvgihnth f shnt`lf lh tflgs gs cf`sgs.
F Afihi, `nshr`lf hx`sthnc`gbihnth nf iunlf gn`igb, rhvhst`lf lh sug phbh,
pr`vglf lg cfnsc`ënc`g lh shu póbf "buz", gphngs hx`sth (hx-hst; dfrg lf shr) h
cgi`nag pgrg g ifrth.
Gehrtf g hssg cfnsc`ënc`g, cgi`nagnlf ruif g hssh póbf, ruif í cfnqu`stg lg
tûn`cg lh buz, hbh hntrg hi shu shr h cgi`nag pgrg g v`lg.
 

Hssh prfchssf lh ifrth hstç, pfrtgntf, prhsths g sh lhthr, lhslh quh, rhpfrtgnlf
shu lhshkf pgrg f ]g` quh f ohrfu, g auign`lglh rhtfrnh gf Pfl, f 7=, gssui`nlf
f ?.
Hntãf hbg trfcgrç g sug tûn`cg lh phbh pfr hssg vhst`ihntg lh buz, g ûn`cg quh, ng
rhgb`lglh, à sug.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf  ]grth < –

Lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg í Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta

Lh quh iflf g Çrvfrh lg T`lg, phrdh`tg Buz quh lhvh tfrngr-sh

tfrngr -sh Buz, cahofu gf
cgipf lh cfnthipbgïãf lf iést`cf kulhu, sfe g dfrig lg Grvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta6
Shpa`rfta 6
A`stfr`cgihnth dgbgnlf, hssg Çrvfrh nfs à lhscr`tg phbg pr`ih`rg vhz nf Shpahr
Phts`rga fu B`vrf lg Dfrigïãf quh, cfi f Shpahr Ag[fagr (B`vrf lf Hspbhnlfr
c`tglf gnthr`frihnth), dfrigi gs lugs cfbhtånhgs ig`s `ipfrtgnths lg lfutr`ng
hsftàr`cg lf kulgésif.
Giefs dfrgi cfnshrvglfs gtà nfssfs l`gs.
Nãf cfnahchifs fs shus gutfrhs, igs g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg cfntg quh hbhs cfntëi
fs "i`stàr`fs fcubtfs lhslh f cfihïf lfs thipfs", "i`stàr`fs trgnsi`t`lfs lh
If`sàs g Kfsuà, lhsth gfs Gnc`ãfs, gfs ]rfdhtgs h g tflfs
tfl fs gquhbhs quh uig ihsig
cfrrhnth `n`c`çt`cg b`og lhslh hssh cfihïf gtà nfssfs l`gs".
Lurgnth bfnofs gnfs, hssg trgnsi`ssãf df` dh`tg frgbihnth.
Ng àpfcg hi quh f prfdhtg Hslrgs rhl`oh g \frga, f Cfbào`f rgeén`cf sgeh quh ui
shnt`lf i`sthr`fsf lhsshs thxtfs à cfnd`glf g gbouns pfucfs `n`c`glfs, lh gcfrlf
cfi ui iflf lh cfnahc`ihntf trgnsi`t`lf lh efcg hi efcg.
F cfnthûlf lhssh cfnahc`ihntf à rhcfba`lf ng Wgeegbg, cukg rg`z, Wgehb, s`on`d`cg
"rhchehr", "cfnthr".
F Wge à uig ihl`lg lh cgpgc`lglh (h f Wgeega à ui sgcf lh prfv`søhs quh
cfnahchifs iu`tf ehi!).
Cfi f pgssgr lf thipf, g pgbgvrg Wgeegbg tfifu f s`on`d`cglf, nãf ig`s lf
cfnt`nhnth,
\rgl`ïãf igs
frgb, lf cfnthûlf,
pfrtgntf, h pgssfu ghscr`tfs
cukfs pr`ih`rfs lhs`ongr
só gnfs
própr`g \rgl`ïãf.
sãf lglfs nf sàcubf Q@@@,
àpfcg ng qugb nuihrfsgs cfntr`eu`ïøhs hstrgnoh`rgs v`hrgi shi lûv`lg
lûv` lg hnr`quhchr
“ fu lhsbustrgr “ fs lglfs pr`i`t`vfs.
Wuh à quh pflhifs cfns`lhrgr gutënt`cf nhsshs hscr`tfs6
F quh pflhifs gsshourgr à quh, tg`s cfif hstãf, hsshs lf`s b`vrfs, f Shpahr
ag[fagr h f Shpahr Phts`rga, tëi gutfr`lglh
gutfr`l glh hnqugntf cfnst`tuhi uig \frga frgb
h sãf vhnhrglfs phbfs ihsifs ift`vfs quh fs B`vrfs Sgorglfs lg \frga hscr`tg.
Sh, pfr futrf bglf, nfs cfbfcgifs nui pbgnf l`dhrhnth lf lg A`stór`g, hx`sth ui
iàtflf quh nfs pflh phri`t`r rhcfnahchr g Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta.
Hssh iàtflf df` v`v`lf pfr i`i.
Hbh phri`th-ih thsthiunagr g rhsph`tf lg dfrïg, lf pflhr `nlhscr`tévhb lhssg
hxphr`ënc`g.
Wugnlf f prfdhtg “ quh gnunc`g, nãf f duturf, cfif hi ohrgb sh phnsg, igs fs
gcfnthc`ihntfs lh frlhi grquhtép`cg “ vë f "càu gehrtf" (Hz, 7;7: Kf: Gp, @T; 7,
htc.),shr
nãf hbhshounlf
nãf pflh
uihxpb`cgr
trgïglfhssg v`sãf pgrt`c`pgnlf
lhshsphrglgihnth lf hspbhnlfr
hsquhbàt`cf, lfs hhspbhnlfrhs,
hbépt`cf shcf, nf quhg
tfcg gf quh bah dfrg lglf vhr.
Hssh trgïglf à f quh rhstg
r hstg lg sug v`sãf, ig`s fu ihnfs cfif d`cg hntrh gs iãfs
lg cr`gnïg lhshsphrglg f phlgïf lh efrrgcag
ef rrgcag quh dfrg gnths ui egbãf er`bagnth,
er`b agnth,
bhvh, cfbfr`lf, sue`nlf nf gr.
Hssh trgïglf pflh shr uig s`ipbhs d`ourg ohfiàtr`cg.
Hntãf, g pgrt`r lhbg, g cr`gnïg quh sfifs prfcurg lfbfrfsgihnth rhcfnst`tu`r "f
fekhtf".
Hbg sh gbïg sferh g ig`s d`ng pfntg lh shu shr pgrg hncfntrgr f quh bah hscgpg lh
dfrig gesfbutg
G cr`gnïg bhvg iu`tf thipf pgrg cfiprhhnlhr quh f quh bah d`cfu hntrh gs iãfs à
f séiefbf, `stf à, g prfihssg lf Grquàt`pf hntrhv`stf, g shihnth lf drutf quh lhvh
shr, h quh tflg g sug v`lg cfns`st`rç hi phrcfrrhr f cgi`naf quh bhvg lg shihnth
gf drutf.
Shr`g g Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta uig shihnth6
Sgeë-bf-hifs qugnlf v`rifs shus pr`ih`rfs drutfs.
H pfrquh gs pr`iéc`gs ih pgrhchi kustgs, hscrhvf hsths thxtfs.
 

Igs, sh gs pr`iéc`gs sãf kustgs, sh` tgieài quh thrrévhb pflhr hstç cfnt`lf ng
Çrvfrh ougrlglg phbg Hspglg lh lf`s ouihs; hbg lç g v`lg g quhi sh tfifu
Hspglg, igs lç g ifrth g quhi nãf hntrg hi sug "kusthzg".
"Gss`i dgbg f Shnafr; g Hspglg, g Hspglg, Hbg hstç gd`glg, hbg hstç pfb`lg, À pgrg
igssgcrgr quh hbg hstç gd`glg, À pgrg er`bagr quh hbg hstç pfb`lg." (Hz, QQ@; 7<).
]f`s g Auign`lglh, h cglg Afihi hi pgrt`cubgr, lhvhrç ui l`g ihl`r dfrïgs cfi
hbg.
N`ssf à quh cfns`sth f Kubogihntf.

Xig shpa`rga à ui rhc`p`hnth: shpahr à f b`vrf quh cfntài g \rgl`ïãf.

Gs lhz Shpa`rfta lg Grvfrh cukf lhshnaf rhprfluzf hxpr`ihi lhz hnhro`gs
l`v`ngs, lhz gsphctfs l`v`nfs, lhz Grquàt`pfs quh nãf prhthnlhi
p rhthnlhi b`i`tgr f iunlf
l`v`nf, hnchrrç-bf nf nûihrf 7=, igs trgluz`r pfr hssh nûihrf tgntf sug un`lglh
gesfbutg qugntf sug l`st`nïãf nuig l`vhrs`lglh `nd`n`tg lh gsphctfs.
Cglg shpa`rga rhcheh g tftgb`lglh lg Buz `ncr`glg, igs cglg uig lhbgs g hxpr`ih
shounlf f shu própr`f iflf. 
F pr`ih`rf lh tflfs fs gsphctfs l`v`nfs quh sh dgz cfnahchr à Jhtahr, g Cfrfg fu
hxtrhi`lglh suphr`fr lg Çrvfrh.
Igs g \rgl`ïãf aherg`cg `ndfrig quh, gbài lh Jhtahr hstç G`n-Sfpa Gfr, quh
s`on`d`cg "g Buz `nd`n`tg", lhpf`s vhi Gæn-Sfpa, "shi d`i, `nd`n`tf"
` nd`n`tf" h, hnd`i, Gæn
"nglg", fu f "]fntf lh c`ig".
Hsshs trës gsphctfs l`v`nfs, nãf `nscr`tfs ng Grvfrh, hxpr`ihi f @ncfonfscévhb, f
@nfi`nçvhb, quh, nf hntgntf, Sh dgrç cfnahchr h Sh lh`xgrç nfihgr gtrgvàs lgs
lhz Shpa`rfta. \flgs higngi lh Jhtahr, quh à g pr`ih`rg lhntrh hbgs, h sh
lhslfergi
rhgesfrvgigtà hiIgbjauta,
Jhtahr. quh à g ûbt`ig h quh gs rhcheh gnths quh hbgs sh
Lh gcfrlf cfi g trgl`ïãf, hssh lhslfergihntf lg un`lglh shpa`rót`cg à dh`tf lh
gcfrlf cfi uig a`hrgrqu`g lh trës \réglhs, quh `rãf lhrrgigr-sh hi shu rhc`p`hnth
cfiui, Igbjauta.
G pr`ih`rg tréglh, Jhtahr, Afjaiga, E`nga (Cfrfg, Sgehlfr`g, @nthb`oënc`g) à g lg
trgnschnlënc`g l`v`ng.
G shounlg tréglh, Ahshl, L`n, \`pahrhta (I`shr`córl`g, Kust`ïg, Ehbhzg) hxpr`ih f
pbgnf lfs ]r`ncép`fs lg Cr`gïãf, f pbgnf lgs bh`s.
b h`s.
G thrch`rg tréglh, Nhtsga, Afl, Phsfl (T`tór`g, Obór`g, Dunlgihntf) à Uhgb`zgïãf
Uhg b`zgïãf lg
Cr`gïãf.
Igbjauta (f Uh`nf) à g própr`g
própr `g Cr`gïãf, g `ignënc`g l`v`ng.
Hbg à tflg rhchpt`v`lglh g Lhus.
Nhssh shnt`lf, hbg à g Iãh lh eg`xf.
À-ih `ipfssévhb, nf quglrf lhstg ferg, gprfdunlgr, nui pbgnf lh thfbfo`g purg, fs
i`stàr`fs
L`rh` fcubtfs
gphngs pfrquh
gqu`bf trçsà lgs Hnhro`gs L`v`ngs.
`nl`sphnsçvhb í cfiprhhnsãf lf ihu hstulf, quh sh
lhshnvfbvhrç nf pbgnf lg Gntrfpfbfo`gV
Igs f quh l`ssh g rhsph`tf gtà gofrg kç à sud`c`hnth pgrg quh f bh`tfr lh`xh lh d`cgr
gli`rglf cfi g i`nag gd`rigïãf; \hfbfo`g h Gntrfpfbfo`g nglg ig`s sãf lf quh
lugs dgchtgs `nshpgrçvh`s lg ihsig Uhgb`lglh.
Ng phrsphct`vg hnunc`glg gc`ig cfif cfnshqòënc`g l`rhtg lg quhlg, gprhshntgr
hssgs lugs c`ënc`gs cfif hstrgnags uig í futrg à hscfbahr ui iàtflf quh só
pflh bhvgr í ifrth.
Cfns`lhrç-bgs kuntgs hi sug kustg rhbgïãf à f cgi`naf lg T`lg.
À hsth quh thntgifs tfigr h, pgrg tgntf, à `nl`sphnsçvhb quh nfs lhthnagifs pfr
gbouns `nstgnths, pfr ig`s curtfs quh hsths shkgi, nf pbgnf
pb gnf lfs Grquàt`pfs.
Thr g d`ourg 3 geg`xf
 

 
Hi Jhtahr (g Cfrfg), Lhus d`cg hscfnl`lf hi sug \rgnschnlënc`g h, cfntulf, lf
Nãf-Shr, Hbh pgssg gf Shr.
Hbh à Xi shi shounlf, cfnahc`lf gphngs lHbh própr`f h cfnthnlf tflfs fs
iûbt`pbfs shi quh agkg gé rupturg lg Xn`lglh.
Hi Afjaiga (g Sgehlfr`g), Lhus Sh cfnthipbg.
Hbg à f phnsgihntf l`v`nf quh cfnahch g nãf-ign`dhstgïãf.
Hbg à cagiglg lh "]g` suprhif".
E`nga (g @nthb`oënc`g) à f hsphbaf l`v`nf
l` v`nf quh cfnahch g Ign`dhstgïãf.
Hbg à cagiglg lh "Iãh suprhig".
Hssgs trës pr`ih`rgs shpa`rfta, un`lgs shi quh sh cfndunlgi, l`st`ntgs igs nãf
shpgrglgs, sãf cagiglgs lh g "Orgnlh Dgch L`v`ng".
Gs shth shou`nths, fu shth shpa`rfta lg cfnstruïãf, sãf cagiglgs lh g "]hquhng
Dgch".
Hbgs sãf fs Grquàt`pfs lg Cr`gïãf sferh fs qug`s sh hstruturgi fs shth l`gs lf
Oënhs`s.
Hbgs cfiprhhnlhi lugs tréglhs. `nvhrt`lgs hi rhbgïãf í pr`ih`rg,
pr` ih`rg, h Igbjauta.
G pr`ih`rg Hnhro`g quh gpgrhch sferh g "]hquhng Dgch" à Ahshl (I`shr`córl`g,
Orgïg, @bui`ngïãf), g v`lg quh sh lç h só sh pflh lgr nfs b`i`ths lg dfrig `ndfrigb
hxprhssg pfr L`n (Kust`ïg, Kusthzg, U`ofr). Ahshl (I`shr`córl`g) à rhdbhxf lg
Sgehlfr`g: h L`n (U`ofr), lg @nthb`oënc`g.
 

Giegs sh lhrrgigi hi \`pahrhta (Ehbhzg), Cfrgïãf l`v`nf, chntrf lh tflgs gs

agrifn`gs l`v`ngs.
Hi \`pahrhta, rhdbhxf lh Jhtahr,
Jhta hr, `nscrhvh-sh g dhcunl`lglh.
F Gifr l`v`nf, dhcunlf h cr`glfr, lhslferg-sh hi U`ofr h I`shr`córl`g,
gnt`nfi`cgihnth unf.
Hxpr`ih-sh nf névhb lf nfssf ihntgb lhcgélf, phbfs lf`s gsphctfs shpgrglfs lf
lhus eéeb`cf "bhntf pgrg g cóbhrg h prfntf pgrg g i`shr`córl`g".
Lhpf`s \`pahrhta lhslferg-sh, pfr sug vhz, hi Nhtsga h Afl.
Nhtsga, rhdbhxf lh Afjaiga h Ahshl, Sgehlfr`g h I`shr`córl`g, à Dfrïg T`tfr`fsg,
lg qugb sg` Afl, g Obór`g, Igkhstglh l`v`ng, rhdbhxf lg @nthb`oënc`g h lf U`ofr.
Giegs lãf ngsc`ihntf g Phsfl, f Dunlgihntf, g egsh, hqu`béer`f
hqu`béer` f `iutçvhb gf
ihsif thipf quh gtf hthrngihnth cr`glfr.
Uhdbhxf lh Jhtahr h \`pahrhta, Phsfl à g própr`g dhcunl`lglh lfs iunlfs quh
hstãf cfnt`lfs ng ûbt`ig shpa`rga, Igbjauta, f Uh`nf, quh rhcheh tflgs gs Hnhro`gs
l`v`ngs.
Lfergl`ïg hntrh hssgs Hnhro`gs h gs sugs higngïøhs cósi`cgs, Igbjauta à f
Orgnlh Uhc`p`hnth cagiglf "Hspfsg lf Uh` L`v`nf", fu g`nlg "T`rohi lh @srghb",
sferh g qugb lhsch Jhtahr, \`pahrhta h Phsfl.
Gss`i, tulf vhi lh Jhtahr, tulf à rhche`lf hi Igbjauta h vfbtg hi Jhtahr.
\ulf à Xnf ng r`quhzg `nd`n`tg lh shu lhslfergihntf.
\ulf à l`vhrs`lglh i`shr`cfrl`fsg nf U`ofr lf Xnf.
Jhtahr h Igbjauta sãf g`nlg cagiglfs rhsphct`vgihnth f Uh` h g Ug`nag.
\rës futrgs tréglhs lhsprhnlhi-sh lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta.
Xig à cagiglg "ergïf l`rh`tf lh Lhus".
Hbg cfntài tflgs gs shpa`rfta lg cfbung l`rh`tg, Sgehlfr`g, I`shr`córl`g,
v`tfr`fsg. I` shr`córl`g, Dfrïg
Hbg à f ergïf lg I`shr`córl`g, Grquàt`pf lf Igscub`nf quh cfipbhtg f Grqu
Grquàt`pf
àt`pf lf
Dhi`n`nf, fu "ergïf hsquhrlf lh Lhus", ergïf lf U`ofr, pf`s hbh à g cfbung quh
cfntài @nthb`oënc`g, U`ofr h Obór`g l`v`ng.
Hnd`i, g thrch`rg tréglh, fu Cfbung lf Ih`f, cfntài Cfrfg, Ehbhzg, Dunlgihntf h
Uh`nf: hbg à g cfbung lf hqu`béer`f, lg agrifn`g, ng qugb g un`lglh l`v`ng sh
lhshnvfbvh ng lugb`lglh lg Cr`gïãf.
Hssgs trës ûbt`igs tréglhs fu cfbungs nãf sh `ipøhi pfr s` ihsigs cfif fs trës
h`xfs lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg6
Gs lugs cfbungs lf bglf sãf fs lf`s ouihs, fs lf`s Aà.
G cfbung lf ih`f à g båi`ng, f Tgv.
F Pfl, f punaf lg Hspglg, `nscrhvh-sh ng tréglh suphr`fr lg Çrvfrh, n`t`lgihnth
l`st`ntg lgs lhig`s.
Thr d`ourglgs
G Çrvfrh < gf d`ngb lf cgpétubf
Shpa`rfta nãf à hssh Nfih l`v`nf   fu 

,f \htrgorgig, lhslferglf ng ogig s`iefb`cgihnth rhluz`lg g lhz Hnhro`gs quh
hxpr`ihi, gf ihsif thipf, g Xn`lglh h g `nd`n`tg l`vhrs`lglh lgs Agrifn`gs
Ag rifn`gs
L`v`ngs6
]grhifs gqu`.
Dgbgr ig`s lhssgs Hnhro`gs L`v`ngs h lf shu iflf lh rhvhbgïãf à gpr`s`fngr cglg
uig lhbgs lhntrf lh ui cfnch`tf quh bfof g lhstró`.
Hbgs só sh prfpøhi g nós shounlf ui iflf lh cfnahc`ihntf lh quh kç dgbgifs h
quh só pflh shr vhnc`lf g tétubf phssfgb.
Cgeh g cglg ui `r ig`s bfnoh h lh`xgr-sh bhvgr pfr nfvfs ou`gs.
F pr`ih`rf ou`g quh hncfntrgifs
hn cfntrgifs rhbhvfu-nfs f shou`nth; f \htrgorgig-Hspglg, g
Çrvfrh lg T`lg, g Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf lf Ehi h lf Igb h g Çrvfrh lgs
Shpa`rfta sãf Xi. 
 

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf  ]grth 8 –

Lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta gf hsquhig cfrpfrgb

Hi cfntrgpgrt`lg, dgbgr lgs Hnhro`gs l`v`ngs, lfs Grquàt`pfs, cfns`lhrglfs nf

rhdbhxf quh hbhs própr`fs Sh lhrgi nf névhb lf nfssf iunlf shnsévhb, pgrhch-ih
lg ig`s gbtg `ipfrtånc`g, gtà ihsif lg ig`fr uroënc`g.
Ng cfnsc`ënc`g lf Afihi gtugb, tflfs fs hbhihntfs lf iunlf shnsévhb, pr`vglfs
lh shu "Grqu`", fu hstãf ng cfndusãf gesfbutg fu ng gesfbutg shpgrgïãf.
F gngrqu`stg thi rgzãf qugnlf rhcusg fs dgbsfs "Grqu`s".
Sug rhehbl`g bhvg-f g vhr quh f iunlf à cagiglf g rh`nthorgr fs shus vhrlglh`rfs
"Grqu`s", h quh nhssh ifihntf hbh shrç rhgbihnth gn-çrqu`cf (f sfnaf lg "Orgnlh
Nf`th" nglg ig`s à quh f cfndusf prhsshnt`ihntf lg Khrusgbài chbhsth).
Igs, cfif fcfrrhu nf Àlhn, nfssf gngrqu`stg iflhrnf à pfr lhig`s gprhssglf;
"pfr `ipgc`ënc`g, f Afihi phrlhu f ]grgésf", l`z`g Jgdjg, hssh v`s`fnçr`f, "pfr
prhou`ïg, nãf vfbtg g hbh".
H g prhou`ïg lh`xg-nfs nuig `onfrånc`g ifrtgb, bhvgnlf-nfs g cfnstru`r cfi
nfssgs própr`gs iãfs ui bge`r`ntf lf qugb prhc`sgifs
p rhc`sgifs sg`r.
Hstulgrhifs hssh i`tf lf bge`r`ntf h vhrhifs quh só phbf Cfnahc`ihntf “ nf
shnt`lf nãf-`nthbhctugb quh lhifs prhchlhnthihnth g hssg pgbgvrg “ à quh f
Afihi pflh hncfntrgr g sgélg.
Hntrh fs t`ehtgnfs, hssh thig lf bge`r`ntf
b ge`r`ntf thi ui buogr tãf `ipfrtgnth quh q uh hbh
cfnst`tu` f fekhtf lh uig lgs ihl`tgïøhs eçs`cgs lf ifnoh.
Hsth ûbt`if trgïg f lhshnaf lf bge`r`ntf fu, ís vhzhs, f cfnstró` nf hspgïf “ à
uig Ignlgbg “ h g ihl`tgïãf cfihïg; à prhc`sf prfcurgr prf curgr g pfrtg fu, gnths, shr
grrhegtglf pfr hbg.
]grg nós, cfif ui efnzf lheruïglf sferh g sug ignlgbg, `nthrrfogrhifs f
lhshnaf lg Çrvfrh g d`i lh quh hbh nfs grrhegth h nfs rhvhbh f quh sh pgssg hi
nós, hssh "hieg`xf quh à `ougb
`ou gb gf quh hstç hi c`ig pgrg dgzhr f i`bgorh lg cf`sg
ung".

F Cfrpf lf Afihi, @igohi lf "Cfrpf L`v`nf"

Wuh aç lh ig`s próx`if lh nós, nhsth "hieg`xf", h lh ig`s hn`oiçt`cf nf iunlf
quh f cfrpf lf Afihi6
Wuh aç lh ig`s cfncrhtf h lh ig`s i`sthr`fsf gf ihsif thipf6
Lh ig`s cfipbhxf h lh ig`s b`oglf nuig un`lglh dunlgihntgb6
Aç ui i`bën`f, f iunlf fc`lhntgb à, quhr quh`rg quhr nãf, hscrgvf lg dfrig lh
phnsgihntf hscfbçst`cf.
Ahrlfu lhbh uig v`sãf lugb lf Xn`vhrsf.
Lhslh Gofst`naf
phnsgihntf lh A`pfng
fc`lhntgb (sàcubf
cfi sug @T) `iprhongïãf
própr`g “ quh igrcfu prfdunlgihnth f
ign`quhéstg “ dfifs, pfucf g
pfucf, hr`o`nlf f Ehi h f Igb cfif gesfbutfs.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f fc`lhntgb, gncfrglf ng `là`g lh quh "f Afihi à ui gn` gn`igb
igb
rgc`fngb cfipfstf lh uig gbig h lh ui cfrpf", cahog bfof g `lhnt`d`cgr f Igb cfi
f cfrpf h f Ehi cfi g gbig.
Nãf gprhnlhifs, lh ohrgïãf hi ohrgïãf,
o hrgïãf, g lhsprhzgr hssh cfrpf, fu shkg, g
igbtrgtç-bf6
Nfssg hsp`r`tugb`lglh nãf sh gb`ihntfu, lhslh nfssg `ndånc`g, lh ui lfbfr`sif
qugsh `nhxchlévhb6
Nãf nfs ifstrgrgi f quh sh fr`o`ngvg lg cgrnh “ hxpr`i`nlf hssg pgbgvrg g un`ãf
lfs cfrpfs “ cfif f phcglf lfs phcglfs, gtà dgzhr lg "ferg lg cgrnh" f "phcglf
fr`o`ngb"6
Nfthifs quh hssg ûbt`ig hxprhssãf gpgrhch phbg pr`ih`rg vhz sfe g phng lhssh
ihsif Gofst`naf lh A`pfng.
Hntrh f cfrpf h g gbig “ cfi tflg g cfndusãf ohrglg pfr hssh ûbt`if cfnch`tf “ f
phnsgihntf fc`lhntgb bhvgntgvg, gtà aç pfucf thipf, ui iurf lh shpgrgïãf
 

`nsuphrçvhb; lh ui bglf, g ruhbg bgigchntg lf cfrpf phcglfr: lf futrf, f kgrl`i

lg gbig.
Gf lhnunc`gr hssh tgeu, g ]s`cfbfo`g, c`ënc`g tãf kfvhi, lhsgd`fu f hrrf,
hrr f, igs nhi
pfr `ssf `ntrfluz`u g vhrlglh.
Hbg própr`g cfnt`nug pr`s`fnh`rg lgs sugs cfntrgl`ïøhs.
Frg, lf ihsif iflf cfif, nf gesfbutf “ s`iefb`zglf phbf Nfih l`v`nf
Pfl-Aà-Tgv-Aà -, fs lf`s Aà só pflhi hncfntrgr shu shnt`lf hxgtf ng sug
pgrt`c`pgïãf nf Pfl quh fs unh, gss`i, nf névhb
né vhb lf Afihi, rhdbhxf lf Gesfbutf, f
sfig “ cfrpf “ h g ps`quh “ gbig “ nãf sãf shnãf hi v`rtulh lh shu orgu lh
pgrt`c`pgïãf nuig thrch`rg l`ihnsãf lf shr.
Sh nãf à hssh f cgsf, cfrpf h ps`quh nãf sãf, igs hx`sthi: f cfrpf, iu`tf
pgrt`cubgrihnth, nãf hx`sth hntãf g nãf shr hi v`stg lf shu ihbafr dunc`fngihntf
pgrg ui ihbafr rhnl`ihntf lf `nl`véluf nf quglrf lg sferhv`lg.
Nf pr`ih`rf lhsshs lf`s cgsfs, f cfrpf à hbhihntf lh uig tr`bfo`g (Hspér`tf “ Gbig
“ Cfrpf) cagiglg g hncfntrgr g agrifn`g quh phri`th g trgnsi`ssãf h g
ign`dhstgïãf lf iunlf lh c`ig, lg Thrlglh ]urg.
Nf shounlf cgsf, hbh hstç sfz`naf, hscrgvf lg hx`stënc`g
hx` stënc`g h, d`ngbihnth, hsigoglf
pfr hbg.
\fihifs ui hxhipbf; nf pr`ih`rf cgsf, f Afihi prgt`cg g grth lg @fog pgrg
cubt`vgr g sénthsh agrifn`fsg lg tr`bfo`g h g b`ogïãf
b` ogïãf (cfif g pgbgvrg yfog f `nl`cg)
lhssg tr`bfo`g cfi f iunlf lh c`ig.
Nf shounlf cgsf, hbh dgz uig o`nçst`cg pgrg gzh`tgr gs rflgs
rflg s lh uig içqu`ng “ 
shu cfrpf “ quh lhvh bhvç-bf f ig`s hd`cgz h f ig`s hcfnfi`cgihnth pfssévhb.

Xsf gqu` uig b`nougohi

dunlgihntgbihnth fpfstgscgr`cgturgb gphngspflh
quh f Afihi pgrgtfigr.
hxpr`i`r cfi v`ofr gs fpïøhs
Fpïøhs shounlf gs qug`s fu f cfrpf à v`v`lf “ hbh à hntãf "`igohi lf cfrpf
l`v`nf" thnlhnlf g `lhnt`d`cgr-sh cfi hbh “ fu à hntrht`lf, sfdrhnlf g `lhnt`d`cgïãf
cfi g egngb`zgïãf hxthr`fr.
Fs pr`ih`rfs "sãf fs shus cfrpfs", fs shounlfs "tëi ui cfrpf", pgrg rhtfigr g
bui`nfsg hxprhssãf lh quh sh shrvh f prfdhssfr J. vfn Lòrcjah`i ng gnçb`sh
gprfdunlglg g quh sh lhl`cg sferh hssh thig.
]grhch-ih `ipfrtgnth `ns`st`r gqu` sferh hssh dhnüihnf lh `lhnt`d`cgïãf quh gcgef
lh dgbgr, s`ipbhs prfkhïãf lg bh` fntfbóo`cg lh `igohi h lh shihbagnïg.
Nf i`tf eéeb`cf, f afihi, "cr`glf í `igohi
` igohi lh Lhus", v`vh ng `nt`i`lglh l`v`ng h
à cagiglf g gt`no`r hssg Shihbagnïg.
Shpgrglf lh Lhus, f afihi v`vh ng `nt`i`lglh lf iunlf shnsévhb cukg
hxphr`ënc`g hbh dgz: `ssf à f quh gofrg bah à ngturgb.
G `nt`i`lglh lf iunlf `nthr`fr g s` ihsif, fu iunlf hsp`r`tugb, nãf bah à ngturgb
shnãf nf gchssf lhd`n`lf
"Cfnahc`ihntf" gf pbgnfgc`ig.
hsshnc`gb lh shu shr, nhssg cgi`naglg ruif gf
Shkg nf iunlf hxthr`fr, shkg nfn f iunlf `nthr`fr gf Afihi, g ``lhnt`d`cgïãf
lhnt`d`cgïãf lh shu
shr (cfrpf, gbig, hspér`tf) à uig rhgb`lglh quh nãf prhc`sg ig`s shr lhifnstrglg,
igs quh prhc`sf rhcfrlgr.
Hbg à hsshnc`gb g hsth ihu hstulf.

F Iunlf @nthr`fr h f Iunlf Hxthr`fr gf Afihi

Hnthnlgif-nfs ehi gqu` g rhsph`tf lhsshs cfnch`tfs; "iunlf `nthr`fr" h "iunlf
hxthr`fr", l`st`ntfs ui lf futrf h nãf shpgrglfs.
Bgnch` prhchlhnthihnth lugs prfpfs`ïøhs cfif egsh lf l f ihu trgegbaf; uig, f
Afihi nf Cfsifs: g futrg, f Cfsifs nf Afihi.
F Afihi nf Cfsifs `ipb`cg `ihl`gtgihnth g v`lg rhbgc`fngb; shnsgïãf quh f
afihi thi, hi shu cfrpf h hi sug ps`quh, lh s` ihsif, lfs futrfs shrhs, lfs
gcfnthc`ihntfs h lgs cf`sgs: lhpf`s, cfiun`cgïãf cfns`of ihsif h cfi fs futrfs.
Lhssg rhbgïãf lhcfrrh g v`lg lf phnsgihntf
p hnsgihntf quh sh ign`dhstg pfr v`g hifc`fngb fu
`nthbhctugb.
 

Nãf cagif gqu` iunlf `nthr`fr hssh iunlf lf phnsgihntf, pfr ig`s shcrhtf quh
hbh shkg.
F phnsgihntf g`nlg à cfnl`c`fnglf phbf hxthr`fr lgs cf`sgs.
Hi ûbt`ig gnçb`sh, hssgs "cf`sgs" sh prfpøhi hi tflgs gs sugs l`ihnsøhs gtà
gquhbg quh gt`noh f shu própr`f cfrgïãf, f nûcbhf, f hspér`tf.
Hbgs hntrgi, hntãf, nãf ig`s hi rhbgïãf, igs hi cfiun`cgïãf, hi cfiunaãf
cfi f "nûcbhf" lf shr quh sh tfifu cgpgz lh v`vë-bgs; à `ssf quh cfnst`tu` f
iunlf `nthr`fr lf Afihi.
F cfrgïãf lf cfsifs, nf Afihi, hncfntrg g sug `igohi, g sug rhssfnånc`g.
G v`lg lf phnsgihntf, gn`iglg pfr hssg gprhhnsãf
gprhh nsãf `nthr`fr, dgz pgrth lf iunlf
`nthr`fr. 
Thifs quh f phnsgihntf rhsubtg lfs lf`s pbgnfs hxthr`fr fu `nthr`fr lf Afihi,
shounlf hbh sh gb`ihntg lfs iunlfs ps`cfdés`cfs `ihl`gtfs fu lf iunlf hsp`r`tugb
ihl`gtf.
Nf pr`ih`rf cgsf, f iunlf hsp`r`tugb
hsp`r` tugb nãf gdbfrg gf névhb cfnsc`hnth, f shr hsp`r`tugb
lfrih.
H f dhnüihnf lg `lhnt`d`cgïãf vg` lf cfrpf h lg ps`quh gf iunlf hxthr`fr quh fs
gb`ihntg.
Cglg ui sgeh qugnlf, nf pbgnf
pb gnf dés`cf purf, hx`sth `lhnt`d`cgïãf hntrh f Afihi h f
buogr quh hbh age`tg.
Shkg, pfr hxhipbf, ui hurfphu quh sh hstgehbhch ng Ca`ng; f hurfphu glqu`r`rç,
pfucf g pfucf, uig ifrdfbfo`g ca`nhsg.
Nftgi-sh hspgntfsgs gqu`s`ïøhs lh shihbagnïg hntrh lugs cr`gturgs quh v`vhi
 kuntgs, ihsif quh sh trgth
trgth lh ui afihi h lh ui gn`igb lfi lfiàst`cf.
àst`cf.
Wugntf
dgtf nãfíprhc`sg
rhssfnånc`g
ig`s shrlf cfrpf sferh g gbig
lhifnstrglf, gbkçig
quhpséqu`cg,
cfnst`tu`fuf lhstg
fekhtfsferh f cfrpf,
lh uig nfvg hssh
c`ënc`g iàl`cg cagiglg "ps`cfssfiçt`cg".
Lh ui iflf ohrgb, pflhifs gd`rigr quh g cr`gnïg, pgrt`cubgrihnth, gdh`ïfg shu
cfrpf h sug gbig pfr `lhnt`d`cgïãf
` lhnt`d`cgïãf l`rhtg cfi shus pg`s.
Lfnlh f pgphb tãf `ipfrtgnth lfs pg`s, quh nãf cfns`sth tgntf hi go`r qugntf hi
shr.
Nf shounlf cgsf, f iunlf hsp`r`tugb à v`v`lf, f Afihi gb`ihntg cfi hbh tgntf g
gbig pséqu`cg, quh sh hsp`r`tugb`zg, qugntf f cfrpf dés`cf, quh sh `lhnt`d`cg, pfucf g
pfucf, cfi g própr`g suestånc`g lh shu gb`ihntf.
Cfif prfvg, egstgi-nfs fs drutfs cfncrhtfs lg hxphr`ënc`g iést`cg; lhntrf lgs
sugs b`i`tgïøhs, f iést`cf cr`stãf fc`lhntgb, í dfrïg lh cfnthipbgr f Cr`stf quh sfdrh
h ifrrh ng cruz, cfnahch fs hst`oigs.
Cahog g cgrrhogr hi shu cfrpf g igrcg lgs dhr`lgs quh hbh cfnthipbg ng phssfg
lf Cr`stf.
Df` f \hrhsg
cfi quh gcfnthchu
Nhuignn cfi
h cfiDrgnc`scf
f ]glrh lh]`f,
Gss`s, cfi
hntrh \h rhsg lh Çv`bg: hi nfssfs l`gs,
\hrhsg
futrfs.
@nûihrgs fergs gngb`sgrgi hssh dhnüihnf hstrgnaf ís futrgs trgl`ïøhs h g`nlg
ig`s lhscfnahc`lf lg trgl`ïãf cr`stã cfnshrvglg nf Fr`hnth.
F fekhtf lg cfnthipbgïãf lhsshs iést`cfs fr`hntg`s à f écfnhé cfnh lf Cr`stf obfr`fsf, lf
Cr`stf rhssusc`tglf quh vhnchu g ifrth h rhvhst`u f Afihi cósi`cf cfi Shu
cfrpf lh Buz.
Hi cfnshqòënc`g, nãf à rgrf hncfntrgr nhssh futrf cfnthxtf lf iunlf cr`stãf
dhnüihnfs lh trgnsd`ourgïãf.
Iftfv`bfv, l`scépubf lh Sàrgpa`n lh Sgrfv, cfntg cfif shu ihstrh f hnvfbvhu cfi
g buz hi quh trgnsdfrigrg shu cfrpf.
Nhssh pbgnf, g igtàr`g vfbtg g shr hnhro`g:
hnhro` g: igs, pfthnc`gbihnth, hbg kç f à h
`rrgl`g gqu`bf lh quh hbg
hb g sh gb`ihntg.
Lh gcfrlf cfi f orgu lh l h pgrt`c`pgïãf lf Afihi hi shu shr l`v`nf, shu cfrpf
`rrgl`g, hi orgus l`vhrsfs, f Iunlf lh l h c`ig.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f cfrpf auignf pgrhch vhrlglh`rgihnth shr gqu`bf quh nfs à
lglf lh ig`s cfncrhtf pgrg rhdbht`r f iunlf l`v`nf.
Nãf rhs`lh n`ssf g sug kustg ift`vgïãf6
 

]rfebhig thrrévhb!
Sh g i`nag prfpfs`ïãf à kustg, f cfrpf auignf lhvh cfrrhspfnlhr gf "Cfrpf"
L`v`nf.
Sug cfnstruïãf lhvh fehlhchr gf hsquhig fntfbóo`cf
fntfbóo` cf lgs hstruturgs l`v`ngs: hbg
só pflhrç glhqugr-sh gf lhshnaf lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg, gf lhshnaf lg Çrvfrh
lgs Shpa`rfta.
Ng vhrlglh, lhvf cfndhssgr quh nãf à pfr hssh prfchssf lh phnsgihntf
p hnsgihntf quh
cahouh` g shihbagnth cfncbusãf.
Df` g própr`g cfncbusãf quh sh `ipüs g i`i lh cafdrh; cfnthipbgnlf g Çrvfrh lgs
Shpa`rfta, ui l`g, v` nhbg f cfrpf lf Afihi.
F lhshnaf hrg ihntgb (`ssf sh pgssfu nuig tgrlh, hi pbhng rug): du` tãf
v`fbhntgihnth grrhegtglg quh ih hncfntrh` lh rhphnth l`gnth lg chrthzg lh hstgr
nui cgi`naf rhgb, nui cgi`naf lh Thrlglh.
G rug sh `bui`ngrg.
Lhvf, cfntulf, prhc`sgr quh hssg "v`sãf" ih df` lhpf`s cfnd`riglg pfr hssg ihsig
trgl`ïãf Wgegbést`cg shounlf g qugb "Glãf, f Afihi lh eg`xf" (pfr fpfs`ïãf g
"Hbfa`i, f Afihi lh c`ig") lhschnlh, hi sug ifrdfbfo`g cfrpfrgb, lg hstruturg
dunlgihntgb lfs Iunlfs lh quh g Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta à f Grquàt`pf.
Só quh, nf ifihntf hi quh g dfriubgvg, hssg rhgb`lglh nãf ih v`nag lh uig
`ndfrigïãf qugbquhr, igs lh uig hxphr`ënc`g phssfgb.
Nhssh ifihntf, futrg chrthzg sh `ipüs g i`i cfi nãf ihnfs v`fbënc`g; g lh
pflhr vhr`d`cgr g guthnt`c`lglh lg Grvfrh pfr sug glhqugïãf gf cfrpf auignf.
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs; sh f cfrpf nãf hrg g Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta, hstg ûbt`ig nãf hrg
nglg.
Afkh,
quh, ípflhifs gsshourgr
sug `igohi, quh
f cfrpf g Çrvfrh
auignf à fà hsquhig
f hsquhig
lglg cfnstruïãf
cfnstruïãf lhlfn Iunlf
nfssf
fssf h
lhv`r.
F cfrpf à, gf ihsif thipf, nfssf
n fssf `nstruihntf, nfssf bgefrgtór`f h nfssg ferg
pgrg gt`no`r nfssg vhrlglh`rg hstgturg, quh à l`v`ng.
Hstruturg lf Cfrpf Shounlf f Lhshnaf lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta
Í `igohi lg "dfrig lh " quh If`sàs cfnthipbgvg, f hsquhig cfrpfrgb
pgrhch-nfs hsshnc`gbihnth cfnst`tuélf pfr trës h`xfs vhrt`cg`s; g cfbung vhrthergb,
p`bgr chntrgb fu cfbung lf ih`f, quh cfrrhspfnlh í shnlg Jhtahr “ Igbjauta quh
unh g Cfrfg gf Uh`nf, g cgehïg gfs pàs.
Fs lf`s bglfs lf cfrpf, fu p`bgrhs bgthrg`s, cfrrhspfnlhi rhsphct`vgihnth gfs
p`bgrhs lh U`ofr, í hsquhrlg, h lh I`shr`córl`g, í l`rh`tg.
Sferh hssgs hstruturgs vhrt`cg`s gpó`gi-sh trës tr`ånoubfs; f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr
cfrrhspfnlh í cgehïg: f pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf cfrrhspfnlh gf cfipbhxf
cgrl`fpubrnfngr: f shounlf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf gf pbhxf urfohn`tgb (eg`xf-vhntrh h
pûe`s).
Hsshs lf`s ûbt`ifs tr`ånoubfs pgrhchi lugs cgehïgs `nvhrt`lgs, h hncfntrgifs,
cfrrhspfnlhnlf gfs cgehbfs lf gbtf lf tr`ånoubf
tr` ånoubf suphr`fr, f s`sthig p`bfsf
lhshnvfbv`lf nf afihi ng gbturg lg cgv`lglh hp`oçstr`cg h lf pûe`s.
Futrgs gngbfo`gs pflhr`gi shr hstgehbhc`lgs.
Dgbgrhifs lhbgs nf lhcursf lh nfssf hstulf.
Uhtfihifs hsshs l`dhrhnths hbhihntfs.
Nf hsquhig l`v`nf, fs lf`s p`bgrhs bgthrg`s sãf, cfif v`ifs, f lhslfergihntf lg
lugb`lglh ngsc`lg lg un`lglh pr`nc`pgb.
F L`v`nf ign`dhstg Sug Xn`lglh b`i`tgnlf-Sh sfe lf`s gsphctfs cfntrgl`tór`fs,
gnt`nüi`cfs.
F Afihi só pflh cahogr gf L`v`nf sh ubtrgpgssgr hssg cfntrgl`ïãf.
Lhus sh pgthnth`g g nós lf shou`nth iflf; ]r`ncép`f lg `iutge`b`lglh, `ife`b`lglh
gesfbutg, gf ihsif thipf quh dfnth lh tflf ifv`ihntf.
À "cfiprhhnlhnlf kuntfs, hi sug hxgtg rhbgïãf,
r hbgïãf, hsshs lf`s gsphctfs gnt`nüi`cfs",
pgrg v`vhr g un`lglh quh fs ubtrgpgssg, quh f Afihi v`vh g hxphr`ënc`g
hxph r`ënc`g l`v`ng.
 

Nf névhb lf cr`glf, f pr`ncép`f "@ife`b`lglh" ign`dhstg-sh sfe f gsphctf lh

hstruturg, lh dfrig; U`ofr h Kusthzg lf buogr h lg dfrig lh cglg hbhihntf lf
iunlf shnsévhb.
À f rhchptçcubf r`ofrfsf .
F dhi`n`nf à hsshnc`gbihnth dfrig, rhchpt`v`lglh, dfrïg í hsphrg.
Nhssh ihsif névhb, f pr`ncép`f l`v`nf "Ifv`ihntf", quh sh hxpr`ih nf rg`f
dhcunlgnth lg Orgïg-I`shr`córl`g, à ui l`ngi`sif quh `rç phnhtrgr g dfrig h
ehehr nhbg g hnhro`g nhchssçr`g pgrg hstruturgr nfvfs cgipfs lh buz .
À
Nff Hsquhig
l`ngi`sif dhcunlgnth
L`v`nf, f p`bgrlf igscub`nf.
chntrgb, fu cfbung lf Ih`f, à g Cfnhxãf Kustg quh unh
fs póbfs gnt`nüi`cfs.
Hbh à f cgi`naf lf Xi ruif gf Iûbt`pbf.
Nf névhb lf cr`glf, à f cgi`naf lf iûbt`pbf gtà f Xi.
Gss`i sãf cfnst`tuélgs gs hstruturgs vhrt`cg`s lf cfrpf auignf, cukf hqu`béer`f
hqu` béer`f à
ignt`lf nf h`xf lg cfbung vhrthergb phbg thnsãf quh prhnlh fs lf`s póbfs fpfstfs,
cfipbhihntgrhs h gnt`nüi`cfs lh shus bglfs l`rh`tf h hsquhrlf.
\rgthifs, gofrg, lgs hstruturgs afr`zfntg`s.
Nf Hsquhig L`v`nf, f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr rhvhbg g própr`g hssënc`g lg L`v`nlglh, g
Sug \rgnschnlënc`g, f Shu ]r`ncép`f, hi Jhtahr (g Cfrfg),
C frfg), hi b`fjaiga
(g Sgehlfr`g) h hi E`nga (g @nthb`oënc`g). Thr d`ourg 8 geg`xf
Lf ihsif iflf, nf pbgnf cfrpfrgb, g cgehïg à f pr`ncép`f lgs ig`s nferhs
dgcublglhs auigngs.
Hbg s`iefb`zg, nf Afihi, f L`v`nf.
Hbg
À g à,
sugpfrtgntf,
`igohi rhchptçcubf
h thi g suglf L`v`nf.
pftënc`g.

G cgehïg thi g dfrig lh ui fvf: hbg à g igtr`z lf shr l`v`n`zglf quh lhvh ngschr
pgrg g v`lg l`v`ng tftgb, rhgb`zglg nf rhtfif gf Xi, nf Pfl lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg
\htrgorgig -Hspglg
(f 7= lg hscglg sfeh lf 4 gf 7=).
 

G `cfnforgd`g a`nlu rhvhbg hssh gsphctf nf s`iefb`sif lg dbfr lh bótus quh sh gerh
nf gbtf lf crån`f.
Hi futrgs trgl`ïøhs, sãf fs ca`drhs hnrg`zglfs nhssh ihsif buogr quh sh hbhvgi
hi ih`g-bug h hxprhssgi f ihsif s`iefb`sif.
Hsth nãf à ihnfs hstrgnaf í `cfnforgd`g cr`stã quh rhprhshntg f Cr`stf obfr`fsfob fr`fsf
lftglf lh ca`drhs.
Igs, nhssh névhb, fs ca`drhs tfrngi-sh cfrfg.
Gss`i, lhb`nh`g-sh f ngsc`ihntf "phbf hi c`ig".
Igs à tgieài pfr hssh cgi`naf (g cfrnucóp`g) quh f Iunlf L`v`nf lhsch gtà f
Afihi.
Hi tflgs gs htgpgs, hncfntrf lf Iunlf lh c`ig cfi f iunlf lh eg`xf, hntrh f
"I`" h f  ‒Iç’  
F pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf, `nvhrt`lf hi rhbgïãf g hssh tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, cfrrhspfnlh,
nf pbgnf l`v`nf,
l` v`nf, í tréglh Ahshl-L`n-\`pahrhta (I`shr`córl`g-Kust`ïg-Ehbhzg).
Hstg cfntài hi s` f i`stàr`f lgs bh`s:
b h`s: bh`s fntfbóo`cgs, pfrtgntf, h b`ehrglfrgs.
Nf pbgnf cfrpfrgb, hssh pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf, rhdbhxf lg cgehïg, cfrrhspfnlh
gf cfipbhxf cgrl`fpubifngr.
Hbh à g shlh lf shr hsp`r`tugb, g igtr`z lf shr l`v`nf.
Sfihnth f afihi hsp`r`tugb`zglf pflh hntrgr nf cfnahc`ihntf lgs bh`s
fntfbóo`cgs.
Hntrh hsshs lf`s tr`ånoubfs, bhvgntg-sh f phscfïf.
Wugnlf f Lhus lg Eéeb`g sh `rr`tg cfntrg f shu "pfvf lh lurg chrv`z", hbh lhnunc`g g
rupturg lgs cfiun`cgïøhs hntrh f ph`tf h g cgehïg.
\`pahrhta (g Ehbhzg, f cfrgïãf) nãf pflh ig`s rhdbht`r f pfntf ig`s gbtf lf
tr`ånoubf;
F cfrgïãf Jhtahr (g Cfrfg).
nãf à gifr l` v`nf cr`glfr.
l`v`nf
Tgz`f, hbh sh gb`ihntg hntãf lf shounlf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf, hbh à gdht`v`lglh
shnt`ihntgb, prhsg lgs pg`xøhs quh f hntrhogi í lugb`lglh h f l`bgchrgi.
Hnqugntf f cfrgïãf sh nutrh lf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, quh à hsshnc`gbihnth uig
ubtrgpgssgohi lg lugb`lglh, hbh à shnafr lf shu gdhtf.
Wugnlf hbh sh gb`ihntg lhssh gdhtf, hbh à hscrgvf lhbh.
H nf névhb lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg quh sh dgz g shpgrgïãf hntrh f Pfl, f L`v`nf, h f
Tgv, f Afihi.
Shi cgehïg, `ncgpgz lh tfigr-sh Lhus, f afihi, nhssg s`tugïãf, rhcr`g pgrg s`
uig dgbsg cgehïg, cfi tflfs fs vgbfrhs quh hbh lh`d`cg,
l h`d`cg, igs quh sãf `busór`fs.
Shr`g prhc`sf quh hbh sh lhshiegrgïgssh lhssgs dgbsgs cgehïgs, sh pur`d`cgssh lfs
vgbfrhs iu`tf rhbgt`vfs, gtà ihsif hrrünhfs, quh sãf rhprhshntglfs
rhp rhshntglfs pfr
`nthb`oënc`gs h sgehlfr`gs lhssgs "içscgrgs".
Hstulgrh` hssh ûbt`if prfebhig nf s`iefb`sif lg lhcgp`tgïãf (pgrt`cubgrihnth hi
Kfãf, f Egt`stg, h hi Sãf L`fnés`f), s`iefb`sif quh gpgrhch iu`tgs vhzhs nfs
sfnafs.
Hi cfntrgpgrt`lg, qugnlf "Lhus sg` í drhnth lf shu pfvf cgi`nagnlf nf
lhshrtf..." (Sb, BQT@@@; ?), f pfvf lh @srghb à hntãf, vhrlglh`rgihnth, g
auign`lglh hi igrcag ruif í sug lh`d`cgïãf.
Wugnlf If`sàs lhsch phbg pr`ih`rg vhz lg ifntgnag fnlh rhchehrg gs pr`ih`rgs
\çeugs lg bh`, hncfntrg ui pfvf "lh lurg chrv`z" quh agv`g suest`tuélf sug
vhrlglh`rg cgehïg phbg cgehïg lf ehzhrrf lh furf (Hx, QQQ@@).
If`sàs, hntãf, quherg hssgs tçeugs.
F s`iefb`sif gqu` à cbgrf; If`sàs hncfntrg ui pfvf `nvfbuélf nf shounlf
tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr h, pfr cfnshou`nth, `ncgpgz lh cfnahchr h lh v`vhr gs bh`s
fntfbóo`cgs.
Hbgs shrãf suest`tuélgs, nuig f`tgvg `ndhr`fr, phbgs bh`s quh g`nlg
g`n lg afkh rhohi f
pfvf kulhu, séiefbf lg auign`lglh pr`s`fnh`rg lh shu hrrf.
Nós gs cfnahchifs tflgs; sãf, nãf gphngs gs bh`s ifrg`s, igs uig cfl`d`cgïãf
cu`lglfsg lfs ihnfrhs lhtgbahs lg v`lg cfiui, tulf `ssf s`iefb`zgnlf hssgs bh`s bh` s
fntfbóo`cgs, s`on`d`cgnlf-gs.
 

H qugnlf, ig`s tgrlh, Cr`stf cfnv`lg shu pfvf g pgssgr lf s`on`d`cgnth gf

s`on`d`cglf, lg bh` gf Grquàt`pf, @srghb nãf hstgrç ig`s prfntf
pr fntf g shou`-bf.
Gb`çs, nãf nfs vgifs hnogngr; efi nûihrf lgquhbhs quh qu h sh l`zhi cr`stãfs sãf
`ougbihnth hscrgvfs lg bh` hi shu gsphctf ifrgb`zgnth h trgnqò`b`zglfr.
t rgnqò`b`zglfr.
F Cr`st`gn`sif nãf à uig ifrgb, igs uig phr`ofsg
p hr`ofsg b`ehrtgïãf nf gchssf í
cfnsc`ënc`g lgs bh`s fntfbóo`cgs.
F shounlf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf (cfipbhxf urfohn`tgb), rhdbhxf iu`tf ig`s bfnoénquf
lf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, à g shlh lf shr dés`cf h g igtr`z lf shr hsp`r`tugb.
Hbh à g nf`th lg `onfrånc`g.
Sh hbh sh nutrh lf quh hstç hi c`ig lhssh Iunlf L`v`nf quh Sh rhdbhth nf pr`ih`rf
tr`ånoubf, cfif gcgegifs lh vhr, gcgegrç pfr bhvgr g thrif t hrif hssh shr hsp`r`tugb quh
hbh cgrrhog hi ohstgïãf.
Sh hbh sh nutrh gphngs lf quh hstç hieg`xf, lfs prgzhrhs shnsór`f-gdht`vfs, hbh
lh`xgrç f afihi lh lurglu rg chrv`z nf hrrf quh `ipb`cgi gs trhvgs ps`cfssfiçt`cgs.
Hbh nãf pflhrç, hntãf, cfnahchr futrg sgélg quh nãf shkg g ifrth...ifrt h...
G igtr`z nãf lgrç f shu drutf: agvhrç uig hspàc`h lh gefrtf hsp`r` hsp`r`tugb.
tugb.
Nfthifs, tgieài, quh g cr`gnïg nf sh`f igthrnf hstç hnvfbtg ng nf`th lgs çougs
igtr`c`g`s.
Hbg `rç ngschr pgrg f iunlf dés`cf (Igbjauta, f Uh`nf) phbg gehrturg lf cfbf
uthr`nf.
Hsth ûbt`if nglg ig`s à lf quhqu h f afióbfof, hieg`xf, lf cfbf crgn`gnf quh sh gerh
"hi dbfr lh bótus", nf gbtf, pgrg lgr ngsc`ihntf gf shr l`v`n`zglf hi shu rhtfif gf
Xi. 
Nhssh cgi`naf lh hvfbuïãf, cgi`naf lh vfbtg, nftgifs trës htgpgs cukfs
agriün`cfs pflhi
7) G Igbjauta, shr hncfntrglfs
f Uh`nf (fs pàs, nfcfrpfrgb
p às, pbgnf pbgnf cfsifbóo`cf;
cfncrhtf, "shnt`r" dés`cf),
cfrrhspfnlh g \hrrg.
5) G Phsfl, f dunlgihntf (f óroãf
ó roãf shxugb, pbgnf dés`cf), cfrrhspfnlh g Bug, gstrf
lg nf`th, cukf crhschnth à rhdbhxf, hieg`xf, lfs cfrnfs s`ieób`cfs lf shr l`v`n`zglf
nf gbtf (à cur`fsf nftgr quh
q uh hssh ihsif s`iefb`sif lfs cfrnfs à usglf
hspfntgnhgihnth phbg auign`lglh `ncfnsc`hnth pgrg s`on`d`cgr fs gtr`eutfs lg
cfrnulgohi!).
3) G \`pahrhta, Cfrgïãf-Ehbhzg (f pbhxf sfbgr, pbgnf hsp`r`tugb), cfrrhspfnlh f Sfb.
Nfssf s`sthig sfbgr cfnstruélf (cfif tflfs fs futrfs) í `igohi lf l f Grquàt`pf
un`vhrsgb thi pfrtgntf, chrtgihnth, shu tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, lh fnlh bah vhi g
hnhro`g... hnhro`g hssg quh à trgnsi`t`lg g Phsfl h g Igbjauta, í Bug h í \hrrg.

Frg, nf pbgnf cfrpfrgb, sh nós nfs

n fs fbagrifs v`vhnlf, rhcfnahchrhifs quh nãf à
nfssf shr hsp`r`tugb, nfssf Sfb, quh gb`ihntg nfssf shr ps`cfdés`cf, igs quh sãf
nfssgs nf
thipf shnsgïøhs
névhb lh (g \hrrg)
nfssf h nfssgs
pbhxf sfbgr; hifïøhs
shnt`ifs (g Bug)
uig quh dgzhi
gbhor`g, cahogf gefi h f iguh
pr`igvhrg
nfssf cfrgïãf hstç hi dhstg.
Cafvh, dgz dr`f, shnt`if-nfs igb dés`cg fu ps`qu`cgihnth, d`cgifs tr`sths.
G gbhor`g nfs sudfcg, nf névhb lf ph`tf, igs g lfr nfs gphrtg: f hstüigof hntãf sh
cfntrg` gtà f vüi`tf, gtà g cr`sh lh déoglf fu g `cthréc`g, ís vhzhs.
F cfnkuntf lf pbhxf sfbgr à phrtureglf phbg hifïãf, shkg hbg qugb dfr, h f r`tif
cgrlégcf à thsthiunag lhssg phrturegïãf.
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, f afihi v`vh "gf cfntrçr`f".
Nãf shnlf ig`s gb`ihntglf lh c`ig, shu pbhxf sfbgr à hscrgvf lgs `ndfrigïøhs
rhche`lgs lh eg`xf.
Gs ihl`c`ngs ps`qu`çtr`cg h ps`cfssfiçt`cg egsh`gi-sh nhssh hstglf lh dgtf.
Hbgs nãf thntgi "`nvhrthr g igrcag", igs lgr g vgbfrhs lh eg`xf hssg dfrïg lh
gesfbutf, cgpgz lh suest`tu`r f Gesfbutf lh c`ig.
À gss`i quh vhifs g hscfbg drhul`gng rhgb`zgr uig ferg kustg gf b`ehrtgr f Afihi
lf ifrgb`sif cfnstrgnohlfr b`oglf, nf Fc`lhnth, gf iunlf lg shxugb`lglh, igs
dgzhr ferg ig`s l`scutévhb gf hr`o`r hstg ûbt`ig cfif pglrãf lgs ig`s gbtgs
ift`vgïøhs auigngs.
 

G ihbafr ihl`c`ng, lh gcfrlf cfi nfssf

nfs sf hsquhig, cfns`st`r`g hi rhcfbfcgr f
pgc`hnth nf cgi`naf lh uig "igrcag pgrg f ehi".
Igs tgb gt`tulh dgr`g supfr, lg pgrth lhssg c`ënc`g, f rhcfnahc`ihntf lg rhgb`lglh
lhssh pbgnf hsp`r`tugb lf Afihi, lhssh shr hsshnc`gb nhbh, lh sug vfcgïãf l`v`ng.
l`v` ng.
Sh hbg tfrngssh g sh hnquglrgr nhssg phrsphct`vg, à chrtf quh f iàl`cf vfbtgr`g g
shr f sgchrlfth quh df` futrfrg, sgchrlfth nf shnt`lf lh ihstrh, h nãf lh çre`trf
lg ifrgb fu lh cfncfrrhnth cfrnpbhxglf lf bélhr nfbét`cf hi quh hbh sh trgnsdfrifu
nf Fc`lhnth.
À pfr hdh`tf lh uig vhrlglh`rg "`nvhrsãf lg igrcag", quh hbh thr`g fphrglf
pr`ih`rf hi s` própr`f, quh hssh ihstrh pflhr`g bhvgr fs lhig`s g lhthr shu
prfchssf lh `nvfbuïãf pgrg cfbfcç-bfs, hi shou`lg, nf cgi`naf lg hvfbuïãf.
Wugbquhr futrg ihl`c`ng lh`xg f Afihi nui `ipgssh... fu nui pgtgigr
nhchssçr`f lurgnth chrtf thipf, igs quh, lh tflf iflf, hx`o`rç ui l`g futrf
pgtgigr. 
]rfss`ogifs hi nfssf hstulf lf hsquhig cfrpfrgb.

]flhrhifs, hntãf, lhstgcgr futrf gsphctf.

Lh Igbjauta gf bfcgb quh b`og Afl g Nhtsga, fu shkg, lhslh fs pàs gtà g gbturg lfs
quglr`s h lfs r`ns, lhd`nh-sh ui pr`ih`rf hstço`f.
Lhssh sét`f afr`zfntgb gtà gquhbh quh, ig`s gbtf, bah à pgrgbhbf, un`nlf L`n g Ahshl
(fs fierfs) nhssh quglr`bçthrf quh cfnst`tu` f trfncf cfrpfrgb, lhd`nh-sh ui
shounlf hstço`f.
Hnd`i, f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, g cgehïg, dfrig ui thrch`rf hstço`f.
Ng phrsphct`vg lf lhshnvfbv`ihntf lf Afihi gtrgvàs lf thipf, lf ngsc`ihntf í
ifrth,
thrch`rf,f gpr`ih`rf
cgehïg hstço`f à f lg `ndånc`g:
à lhthri`nglg f shounlf,
phbfs nfvfs cgipfs flhlgcfnsc`ënc`g
`lglh glubtg:
quhnf
sh gerhi
nf cursf lhssgs l`dhrhnths `lglhs.
À cagiglg g iulgr gtà tfrngr-sh f Pfl lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg h g shr cfrfglg.
Nf pbgnf lf pr`ih`rf hstço`f, quh cagih` lh \hr, g cr`gnïg hsshnc`gbihnth
glqu`rh; f cfnahc`ihntf lf iunlf `ihl`gtf h cfncrhtf quh g rflh`g.
]hbfs shus shnt`lfs, hbg f gprhhnlh: lhpf`s, phbf
phb f lhshnvfbv`ihntf lf shu `nthbhctf,
quh prfbfnog fs shnt`lfs, hstulg-f cfi ig`s prfdunl`lglh,
pr fdunl`lglh, `nvhntgr`gnlf gss`i
shus hbhihntfs gtrgvàs lf thipf h lf hspgïf.
Lhscferh gs bh`s quh b`ogi hntrh s` hsshs l`dhrhnths vgbfrhs lhscfehrtfs gfs
pfucfs.
Glqu`rh sug hstgturg dés`cg, quh, bç phbfs v`nth h ui gnfs, sh hstge`b`zgrç.
Glqu`rh, pfucf g pfucf, shu hqu`béer`f
hqu`bée r`f pséqu`cf.
Thi g puehrlglh, cfi shu cfrthkf lh dfrïgs quh `nvglhi “ ís vhzhs gtà gor`lhi
“ g cr`gnïg.

L`gnth lhssguig
prfsshou`r, gorhssãf,
cfbung gvhrthergb
cfnstruïãf agrifn`fsg
sób`lg lhssg kfvhi
“ tgntf d`s`fbóo`cg cr`gturg
qugntf nãf pflhrç
pséqu`cg “ nãf
pflhrç shr cfnst`tuélg, g nãf shr quh vgbfrhs kustfs h shourfs g hnquglrhi.
Ehi hnthnl`lf, nhssh hstço`f, só shrãf kustfs fs vgbfrhs quh prfbfnouhi (hi
pfnt`baglf, nf hsquhig), rhdbht`nlf-fs,
rhdbht`nlf -fs, fs vgbfrhs fntfbóo`cfs hsshnc`g`s,
gesfbutfs, quh sãf gs hstruturgs vhrt`cg`s lf shounlf hstço`f.
h stço`f.
Hssgs ûbt`igs, g cr`gnïg g`nlg nãf à cgpgz lh lhscfer`r, ihnfs g`nlg lh v`vhr: hbgs
só pflhi shr v`v`lgs ng pgrt`c`pgïãf lf Afihi hi shu shounlf hstço`f, `stf à,
nhssg l`ihnsãf quh cagif lh Shr.
Supøh-sh quh fs pg`s thnagi cahoglf g hssh hstço`f.
Cfntulf, hbhs nãf shrãf pg`s shnãf ng ihl`lg hi quh shkgi rhgbihnth f
prfbfnogihntf lfs lf`s p`bgrhs vhrt`cg`s lf hsquhig, f igscub`nf h f dhi`n`nf,
lugb`lglh hi shu cgi`naf lh vfbtg gf Xi, lf qugb prfchlhi fntfbfo`cgihnth.
Hntrh f pg` h g iãh, hssh 5 cfif rhdbhxf lf 7, g cr`gnïg crhsch lh dfrig
agrifn`fsg.
Hntrh gs bh`s ifrg`s nhchssçr`gs í kfvhi cr`gturg, cukf ihcgn`sif ihntgb prfchlh
pfr hscfbag hntrh f quh dgz lh ehi h f quh dgz lh igb, f duturf glubtf hncgi`nag-
hncgi`nag -
sh pgrg sugs própr`gs hstruturgs.
 

]g`s h ifrgb, gss`i cfif tflf vgbfr quh thnag f pgphb lh pg`s fu lh ifrgb hi
l`dhrhnths névh`s “ g nfïãf lh gutfr`lglh hi shus gsphctfs cév`cfs h rhb`o`fsfs, pfr
hxhipbf “, gpgrhchi nf hsquhig cfif iubhtgs quh g cr`gnïg `rç rhkh`tgr iu`tf
lhprhssg, g ihnfs quh nãf gs trgnsdfrih,
t rgnsdfrih, lhd`n`t`vgihnth, hi sugs phrngs, cgsf
hi quh hbg nuncg sh tfrngrç
tfr ngrç glubtg.
Hi ohrgb, g cr`gnïg cfihïgrç g "cfnthstgr" gs sugs iubhtgs ng `lglh ` lglh lg
puehrlglh, nf névhb lh Phsfl, nf qugb hbg kç hstgrç l`rhtgihnth b`oglg, pfr lf`s
cgi`nafs, g Afl h g Nhtsga, egshs lh sugs duturgs hstruturgs fntfbóo`cgs. Hbg
prhsshnth hstgs ûbt`igs h cbgig pfr hbgs.
À nhssh ifihntf quh fs pg`s lhvhi cfnt`nugr g shu bglf, thnlf f cu`lglf lh `r-sh
gpgognlf gfs pfucfs, pgrg nãf gtrgvgncgr, fu shkg, pgrg nãf festru`r hsshs lf`s
cgi`nafs. Fs pg`s quh nãf sgehi "bgrogr lh iãf" hstãf hntrh fs quh cfnt` cfnt`nugrãf
nugrãf
lurgnth tflg g sug v`lg hssh nfigl`sif ps`cfssfiçt`cf.
Hbhs só sgehi hncfntrgr shu gb`ihntf nf névhbné vhb lf tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr.
Cfi rgrgs hxchïøhs, fs glfbhschnths hlucglfs nhssh cb`ig sãf `ncgpgzhs lh
pgssgr pgrg f shounlf hstço`f.
Shus pg`s dhcagi-nfs nf bge`r`ntf quh hbhs própr`fs
próp r`fs cfnstruérgi pgrg s`, lf ihsif
iflf quh Làlgbf ignthvh gb` pr`s`fnh`rf f shu d`baf rgrf.
G `ndbuënc`g lfs pg`s nãf à g ûn`cg
ûn` cg cgusg lf gtfbgihntf lfs kfvhns nhssh névhb
`ndhr`fr.
\flgs gs dfrigs lh suphrprfthïãf quh vhnagi
v hnagi rhdfrïgr g gpgrhbagohi lgs
"iubhtgs" sãf `ougbihnth egrrgohns quh `iphlhi g cfnst`tu`ïãf lhssg cfbung
vhrthergb, ûn`cf hsth`f pgrg f Afihi pfr fcgs`ãf lh sug pgssgohi pgrg f hstço`f
suphr`fr.
Frg, nãf nfs hnognhifs; pfr tflfs fs shourfs grt`d`c`g`s quh fdhrhch, g nfssg
c`v`b`zgïãf cr`g ui iunlf lh hstrfp`glfs.
F afihi suphr gsshourglf d`cg ihnfr.
À ui hstrfp`glf quh v`vh cfi ihlf lh quh uig lh sugs iubhtgs f gegnlfnh.
Gogrrg-sh g hbgs, lç-bahs ui vgbfr h ui pflhr lh cfbung vhrthergb.
Hssh t`pf lh afihi “ `ndhb`zihnth, cfiui (à uig i`nfr`g quh pgssg gf hstço`f
suphr`fr) “, hi ohrgb glftg, pgrg cfiphnsgr f shu hstglf lh lhphnlënc`g, uig
gt`tulh gpgrhnthihnth dfrth, hbg própr`g sukh`tg g uig àt`cg cukfs cr`tàr`fs sãf
cfnvhnc`fng`s pfr lhd`n`ïãf.
Hbh ifstrg, nf névhb lg cgehïg, g içscgrg lf "]grhchr" hi buogr lf cgipf
igtr`c`gb hi quh sh hbgefrgi nfvgs `nthb`oënc`gs h nfvgs sgehlfr`gs lf shr hi
lhv`r.
Hssgs içscgrgs sãf dger`cglgs;
“ shkg cfi gs l`dhrhnths dunïøhs cfi gs qug`s f Afihi `ndgnt`b sh `lhnt`d`cg
(dunïãf lh pgrhnthscf, prfd`ss`fngb, pfbét`cg, gtà ihsif hcbhs`çst`cg, htc.):
“  shkg cfi gs
l`d`cublglhs gt`tulhs cfiphnsgtór`gs
ps`cfbóo`cgs: fu lgs cgrënc`gs, lfs sfdr`ihntfs, lgs
“ shkg, ig`s sut`bihnth, cfi gs `lhfbfo`gs ís qug`s hbh sh gogrrg h cfi gs qug`s sh
cfndunlh, fu cfi fs pgpà`s quh hbh
hb h lhshiphnag pgrg d`cgr hi pgz cfi g sug
cfnsc`ënc`g.
Igs, sfe nhnaui lhsshs gsphctfs, f Afihi iulg lh névhb.
Hbh phrignhch ng egngb`zgïãf.
G cfnsc`ënc`g nf shnt`lf  buz nãf ngsch.
F Afihi d`cg sueihrsf pfr .

F shounlf hstço`f, g cukf névhb f hsquhig cfrpfrgb cfnv`lg f Afihi g sue`r, à

cfnst`tuélf phbf quglr`bçthrf Afl-Nhtsga-L`n-Ahshl.
Cagih` g hssh hstço`f, hstço`f lf Shr.
Sh r.
]fr quë6
Thrhifs quh à nf shu névhb quh cglg ui rhgb`zg f shu vhrlglh`rf ngsc`ihntf, quh
àJhtahr,
nhbh quh hbgefrg
`norhssg ngghxphr`ënc`g
sug v`lg hsshnc`gb h quh, g pgrt`r lh \`pahrhta, rhdbhxf lh
lg sug fntfbfo`g.
 

Nf pr`ih`rf hstço`f, f Afihi hx`sth.

Nf shounlf, hbh à.
]fr sug própr`g dfrig (quglr`bçthrf) hssh shounlf hstço`f sh lhd`nh cfif ui
thipf lh pgrglg, ui thipf lh prfvg.
F nûihrf qugtrf à séiefbf lh hstge`b`zgïãf; qugtrf pàs lãf shu hqu`béer`f gfs
sób`lfs, qugtrf pgrhlhs cfnst`tuhi g hstruturg lh uig cgsg.
Gbài lhsshs hxhipbfs cfncrhtfs, f qugtrf `ntrfluz g `là`g lh buogr dhcaglf,
shcrhtf, cfehrtf, nf qugb quhi phrignhch ui thipf v`vh uig prfvgïãf.
\flgs gs trgl`ïøhs hxpb`cgi hssg nfïãf lh prfvgïãf b`oglg gf nûihrf <: f dgtf lh
sh cfbfcgr gbouài fu gboui buogr hi qugrhnthng rhspfnlh g uig bh` fntfbóo`cg.
Hntrh fs hoépc`fs, gss`i cfif nf iunlf kulhf-cr`stãf,
kulhf -cr`stãf, fs qugrhntg l`gs quh sh
shouhi í ifrth prhpgrgi uig pgssgohi
p gssgohi l`déc`b lh sh ubtrgpgssgr.
G \rgl`ïãf sgorglg lf Gnt`of Ho`tf trgz f rhbgtf lh quh f Dgrgó, qugrhntg l`gs
lhpf`s lh sug ifrth, lhvhr`g hndrhntgr ui tfurf gnths lh hntrgr ng ignsãf lfs
lhushs.
Fs rh`s lh Drgnïg nuncg hrgi hnthrrglfs gnths quh trgnscfrrhsshi qugrhntg l`gs
lh sug ifrth.
Hi nfssfs thxtfs sgorglfs, f pfvf aherhu hrrg lurgnth qugrhntg gnfs phbf lhshrtf
lhpf`s lh sg`r lf Ho`tf.
Cr`stf khkug lurgnth qugrhntg l`gs nf lhshrtf
l hshrtf lhpf`s lh shu egt`sif.
Lf ihsif iflf, qugrhntg l`gs lh khkuikhku i prhpgrgi f cr`stãf pgrg g ]çscfg, cukf
shnt`lf ht`ifbóo`cf tgieài à f lh "pgssgohi".
Nhsshs ihsifs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs, g Gschnsãf gss`ngbg f quglrgoàs`if l`g lhpf`s
lg ]çscfg.
Nf vhntrh lg iãh, g cr`gnïg giglurhch lurgnth shth qugrhnthngs. \flfs fs
hxhipbfs quh pflhrégifs iubt`pb`cgr g rhsph`tf lhssh thig gtrgvàs lgs l`dhrhnths
trgl`ïøhs hxpb`cgr`gi hssg ihsig nfïãf lh pgusg, lh pgrglg nui buogr b uogr lh prfvg
quh prhchlh uig pgssgohi v`v`lg cfif uig dhstg.
F quglr`bçthrf suroh, hntãf, cfif uig igtr`z, g ihnfs quh q uh sh trgnsdfrih hi
tûiubf pgrg gquhbhs quh nãf tëi f cfnahc`ihntf lgs vhrlglh`rgs bh`s fu, ig`s
s`ipbhsihnth, pgrg gquhbhs quh nãf tëi hsphrgnïg.
G bh` quh rhoh hssg prfvg hstç `nscr`tg ng pgbgvrg aherg`cg quh cfrrhspfnlh gf
nûihrf <.
Hssg pgbgvrg à Lgbhta, quh quhr l`zhr
l` zhr "pfrtg".
Nãf à prhc`sf `r ig`s gbài; kç nf nûihrf quh s`iefb`zg g prfvg, g igtr`z, hssh
buogr dhcaglf lh fnlh, pgrhch, nãf sh sg`rç kgig`s, `ipøh-sh g nfïãf lh pfrtg “ 
tflg igtr`z à uig pfrtg.
\flg prfvg cfntài f shu d`i, quh à g pgssgohi pfr hbg.
sho u`nth dfrig;  <-3=-<==.
G pgbgvrg aherg`cg Lgbhta sh lhcfipøh lg shou`nth
G pfrtg à cfnstruélg cfif uig gehrturg quh à hnquglrglg pfr lf`s futrfs <,
lh gboui iflf, lf`s p`bgrhs quh lh`xgi pgssgr f 3=, séiefbf lf ifv`ihntf, lg
v`lg.
F < nfs gpgrhch hntãf hi sug s`on`d`cgïãf prfdunlg h gnt`nüi`cg lh pgrglg h lh
pgssgohi.
@ndhb`zihnth, lugs thnlënc`gs fpfstgs `ndbhcthi f afihi iàl`f pgrg gt`tulhs
nãf-kustgs.
Gquhbh quh sh hnquglrg ng pr`ih`rg cgthofr`g, g lfs rhs`onglfs, g lfs ifrtfs-
v`vfs, nãf vë nf < shnãf shu gsphctf lh "pgrglg".
Hssg pgrglg trgnsdfrig-sh pgrg hbh ng pr`sãf, ng ifrth.
G igtàr`g trgnsdfrig-sh hntãf pgrg hbh rhgbihnth nui tûiubf, shpubtgnlf cfi f
lhsgdfrtunglf tflf f shu pfthnc`gb lh cr`gt`v`lglh, lh buz, lh gbhor`g.
Gquhbh quh sg` lg shounlg cgthofr`g nãf vë, phbf cfntrçr`f, shnãf f gsphctf
"pgssgohi".
Uhcusgnlf-sh g lgr uig rhgb`lglh í prhshnïg pfnlhrçvhb lfs lf`s p`bgrhs, hbh só
vë f ifv`ihntf
]hnsf gqu` nuigquh `rç "bhvç-bf
thnlënc`g gbài",
quh sh quh `rç
hspgbafu ger`r-bah
hntrh afr`zfnths
fs glhptfs lh uib`ehrtglfrhs.
b` ehrtglfrhs.
a`nluésif igb
 

`nthorglf; nãf cfns`lhrgr hsth iunlf dfrigb, v`sévhb h cfncrhtf “ quh à, pfr chrtf,
g prfvg hsshnc`gb “ g nãf shr sfe f shu gsphctf lh igyg (`busãf).
F <, ng fcfrrënc`g lf quglr`bçthrf,
q uglr`bçthrf, quh cfnst`tu` nfssf shounlf hstço`f, só à v`v`lf
v` v`lf
cfi kusthzg pfr gquhbhs quh cfns`lhrgi pbhngihnth fs lf`s póbfs lg prfvg hi sug
 kustg rhbgïãf; lh ui bglf, gs sugs hstr
hstruturgs
uturgs “ hstruturgs dés`cgs lf nfssf iunlf,
hstruturgs ps`cfssfiçt`cgs lf Afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh h hstruturgs fntfbóo`cgs lf
shu shr prfdunlf: lh futrf bglf, f l`ngi`sif lg v`lg quh hx`oh g rhgb`zgïãf, lhslh
f ohrih gtà f drutf.
Hntrh g \hrrg h f Càu, f Afihi à hsthnl`lf cfif hntrh fs lf`s póbfs lh ui `iå.
Sh hbh bgrogr ui lhsshs
lh sshs póbfs, g cfrrhnth nãf pgssg ig`s.
Nhssh cgsf, fu f Afihi sh vfbgt`b`zg, nui dgbsf hsp`r`tugb`sif, fu sh gtfbg ng
igtàr`g, igs nãf sh rhgb`zg.
\rgtg-sh lh uig tfiglg lh cfnsc`ënc`g quh hbh lhvh dgzhr nhchssgr`gihnth nf
ifihntf lg hntrglg nf quglr`bçthrf nf hstço`f lf "Shr", lg vhrlglh`rg
hncgrngïãf, pf`s g pgssgohi gf hstço`f `ndhr`fr nãf df` ig`s lf l f quh uig htgpg lh
prhpgrgïãf pgrg hsth.
Futrg rhgb`lglh, lh quh g bénoug
bé noug aherg`cg `rç nfs gkulgr g tfigr cfnsc`ënc`g, nfs à
prfpfrc`fnglg phbg orgnlh shihbagnïg quh b`og gs lugs pgbgvrgs;
pgb gvrgs;
]frtg “ Lgbhta  h cfnahc`ihntf “ Lggta  .
Xig bhtrg, g lf ih`f, gs l`dhrhnc`g.
Ng pgbgvrg "cfnahc`ihntf" hssg bhtrg, Gy`n, s`iefb`zg g "dfnth" í qugb f Afihi
lhvh ehehr gss`i cfif f "fbaf" nfvf quh hbh lhvh glqu`r`r gf gvgnïgr nf cgi`naf
lfs hspfnsg`s.
Ng pgbgvrg "pfrtg", hssg bhtrg, bgihl s`iefb`zg f "ou`g" nhssh cgi`naf.
"Gquhbh quh cfnahch" pgssg phbg "pfrtg" quh sh gerh hntrh gs lugs bhtrgs Lgbhta  
h \gv , cukg un`ãf cfnst`tu` g pgbgvrg  , quh s`on`d`cg g  ‒bh`’ .
Sh f afihi sh lh`xg hsigogr phbg bh`, hbh kgig`s pgssgrç phbg ]frtg.
Sh hbh pgssg shi bhvgr hi cfntg g bh`, shi hstgr hi cfndfri`lglh cfi hbg, hbh à
gnubglf phbf cfipbhxf hnhroàt`cf nfvf gf qugb g pfrtg lç gchssf: à dubi`nglf phbf
dfof lg rhgb`lglh quh hbh hncfntrg h quh gs sugs hstruturgs nãf pflhi hntãf
supfrtgr.
F Afihi nãf pflh, pfrtgntf, pgssgr phbg ]frtg shnãf nf Cfnahc`ihntf quh,
g`nlg uig vhz, nãf à cfnahc`ihntf `nthbhctugb, igs hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg.
Lh`xgr f pr`ih`rf hstço`f lg Hx`stënc`g pgrg hntrgr nf Shr, pgssgr phbg ]frtg
hstrh`tg quh g trgl`ïãf cagig lh "]frtg lfs Afihns", à lh`xgr g `onfrånc`g pgrg
v`vhr.
Wuhi pflh pgssgr pfr hssg pfrtg6
G a`stór`g tãf dgi`b`gr g tflfs, g lg Ehbg Glfrihc`lg nf Efsquh, nfs l`z `stf.
Aç chi
ih`f lh gnfs, uig pr`nchsg
uig dbfrhstg l`lfrih
g g l`g,lhntrf
quh, l`g gnf g lh uid`cg
gnf, cgsthbf, hbh própr`f
ig`s hsphssg, hscfnl`lf
g pfntf lh nf
tfigr-sh `iphnhtrçvhb, g pfntf lh sudfcgr hssg v`lg quh qu h lfrih.
Cfi g pr`nchsg, lfrihi shu cãf, shus cr`glfs,
cr` glfs, tflf f cgsthbf, f kgrl`i...
Nf d`i lh chi gnfs, f d`baf lf rh` v`z`naf d`cg sgehnlf lg hx`stënc`g lg Ehbg
Glfrihc`lg.
Shu cfrgïãf `ndbgig-sh pfr hbg.
Hbh lhc`lh `r lhsphrtç-bg.
À dçc`b gl`v`nagr gs lhsvhnturgs lf kfvhi prénc`ph cfrtgnlf gs urzhs lg dbfrhstg
pgrg nhbg phnhtrgr h cahogr gf shu cfrgïãf.
Gf d`ngb lh ui bfnof thipf, dhr`lf lh i`b iflfs, f prénc`ph, grlhnlf lh gifr,
lhpøh sferh fs bçe`fs lg pr`nchsg f eh`kf quh g lhsphrtg.
Cfi hbg “ pfrihnfr lg ig`fr `ipfrtånc`g “, lhsphrtgi f cãf, fs cr`glfs, f
cgsthbf, f kgrl`i.
\flf hssh phquhnf un`vhrsf gerh fs fbafs.
F quh thr`g gcfnthc`lf6
G Ehbg Glfrihc`lg à \`pahrhta “ Ehbhzg, f sfb lf shr quh nãf pflh er`bagr gnths
quh f Afihi sueg gtà hbh. H f Afihi nãf pflh gt`no`-bf gnths lh sh thr
 

lhspfkglf lhssg dbfrhstg pséqu`cg, cfnsc`hnth h `ncfnsc`hnth, quh f `nvglh, quh f

sudfcg gtà, pfucf g pfucf.
Nãf pflh hiprhhnlhr hssg gvhnturg shnãf lhpf`s lh thr tfiglf cfnsc`ënc`g lg
prhshnïg lhssg ]r`nchsg, shu Shr hsshnc`gb, hsp`r`tugb, rhdbhxf lf l`v`nf, prfihssg
lf l`v`nf, ohrih hnthrrglf, glfrihc`lf.
F ]rénc`ph hncgntglf quh sgeh lg hx`stënc`g
hx` stënc`g lg Ehbg Glfrihc`lg nglg ig`s à quh g
cfnsc`ënc`g `ndfriglg, cgpgz lh fr`hntgr nf cgi`naf lhssg gvhnturg f Afihi
lhsphrtglf pfr ui lhshkf kustf.
H f Afihi nãf pflh v`vhr hssg gvhnturg shnãf sfe f `ipubsf lf Gifr, nuig
l`ihnsãf lf Gifr, cukg gchpïãf, `ndhb`zihnth, hssg pgbgvrg `n`igo`ngvhbihnth
lhsfnrglg hi nfssfs l`gs nãf nfs pflh ig`s lgr.
Só f vhrlglh`rf Gifr phri`th quh f ]rénc`ph pgssh phbgs prfvgïøhs lg dbfrhstg.
Wugnlf f eh`kf à lglf, à f lhsphrtgr lf Shr.
Nfthifs quh sh trgtg, gf ihsif thipf, lf lhsphrtgr lh tflf f cfsifs.
Fs dgi`b`grhs, f cãf, f kgrl`i sãf fs Uh`nfs quh qu h hsphrgi, kuntfs, f lhsphrtgr lg
Auign`lglh pgrg er`bagr cfi g sug "vhrlglh`rg cfr".
Fs quh pgssgrgi pfr hssg hxphr`ënc`g pflhi lgr l gr thsthiunaf l`ssf; f quft`l`gnf,
f ohstf quft`l`gnf, v`v`lf gtà g `ns`p`lhz
` ns`p`lhz lg rhpht`ïãf, tfig nhssh hstço`f ui
rhbhvf shiprh nfvf; "H`s quh dgïf tflgs gs cf`sgs nfvgs" (Gp, QQ@;8).
Nãf `rh` ig`s gl`gnth nf hstulf lhsth hstço`f: hstulf quh rhtfigrh` ig`s
lhtgbaglgihnth í ihl`lg quh prforhl`r nhsth trgegbaf, b`i`tf-ih g `nl`cgr quh,
lhpf`s lh thr gtrgvhssglf f tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr, lhpf`s lh thr ogboglf fs lhz lhorgus
quh cfrrhspfnlhi g lhz vàrthergs (gs c`ncf sgcrgs h gs c`ncf bfiegrhs) tãf ehi
`bustrglgs “ cfif vhrhifs “ phbgs lhz prgogs lf Ho`tf (On, cgps. T@@, T@@@, @Q, Q,
Q@), f Afihi egth g hssg ]frtg hstrh`tg cagiglg  ‒]frtg lfs Afihns".
\rgnspfstg hssg pfrtg, hbh sfeh fs lfzh lhorgus lgs sugs lfzh vàrthergs lfrsg`s.
Hssg pgssgohi lhntrf lf quglr`bçthrf “ g ûn`cg hncgrngïãf vhrlglh`rg “ hi
tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs, hdhtug-sh sfe f s`onf lf lflhcgnçr`f; lfs lfzh ihshs lf gnf,
lfs lfzh trgegbafs lh Aàrcubhs gtà g cahoglg í Khrusgbài Chbhsth, quh sh gerh hi
lfzh pfrtgs quh gs lfzh tr`efs lh @srghb h, lhpf`s lhbgs, fs lfzh gpóstfbfs lg
trgl`ïãf prhd`ourgi.
Hi sug gschnsãf, gf bfnof lh sugs lfzh l fzh vàrthergs, f Afihi trgegbag, rhog h
cubt`vg gs sugs thrrgs `nthr`frhs g d`i lh quh tflgs, pfucf g pfucf, lëhi g
tftgb`lglh lfs shus drutfs.
Wugnlf tflfs fs drutfs hstãf rhcfba`lfs, thri`nglg g cfbah`tg, f Afihi egth í
pfrtg suphr`fr lf quglr`bçthrf,
quglr`b çthrf, cagiglg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Shth vàrthergs chrv`cg`s f gcfbahi.
À f shthnçr`f gpfcgbépt`cf.
Hstgifs bhierglfs lg `ipfrtånc`g lf nûihrf ? ; hbh s`iefb`zg uig ifrth, ui
gpgogihntf
F Gpfcgb`psh nhchssçr`f gf nfvf
lh Kfãf gerh-sh cfingsc`ihntf quhshth
gs cgrtgs ís shrç@orhkgs
v`v`lfhnf nûihrfnf
cfnt`nug 1.b`vrf lfs
shth shbfs, f sàt`if lfs qug`s rhvhbg shth gnkfs gfs qug`s sãf lglgs shth
trfiehtgs.
Wugnlf sfg g sàt`ig trfiehtg, gpgrhch uig iubahr ngs lfrhs lf pgrtf.
Hncfntrgif-nfs, gé, drhnth gf ûbt`if h i`sthr`fsf ngsc`ihntf.
Nf pbgnf lg cfnsc`ënc`g, nãf aç lûv`lg lh quh
qu h hssg pgssgohi pgrg f tr`ånoubf
suphr`fr lhthri`ng g gehrturg lh ui iunlf nfvf, cukg suprgcfnsc`ënc`g sh
rhvhsth lh ig`s `ipfrtånc`g cfi rhbgïãf g nfssf hstglf cfnsc`hnth lf quh hsth sh
rhvhsth cfi rhbgïãf g nfssf cfnahc`ihntf egngb.
H, lf ihsif iflf quh hssh cfnsc`hnth pflh gdbfrgr gf névhb lf cfnahc`lf ng
"tfiglg lh cfnsc`ënc`g" fu nf sfnaf, nfssg suprgcfnsc`ënc`g tfcg hi rgrfs h
dubourgnths ihroubafs f névhb lh nfssf cfnahc`lf, quh gprhhnlh, gss`i, pfr vhzhs,
sug buz, hnqugntf hsphrg ngschr nhbg lhd`n`t`vgihnth.
Wuhi pflhrç nhogr hssg pfss`e`b`lglh lh cfnahc`ihntf6
Wuhi pflhrç cagigr lh bfucf gquhbh quh g v`vh6
 

Wuhi thi f l`rh`tf lh hxgi`ngr, ngs cgthofr`gs quh lhphnlhi lf cfnahc`ihntf

egngb, hxphr`ënc`gs, lhsphrtglgs fu fnér`cgs, quh lhphnlhi, ng rhgb`lglh,
rhgb`l glh, lgs
cgthofr`gs lf suprg cfnsc`hnth6

]rfpfnaf cfi `ssf “ iu`tf rgp`lgihnth, vfbtgrh` g dgbgr n`ssf lhpf`s “ ui
prfebhig orgvh lhsths thipfs hi quh f ps`cgngb`stg iu`tgs vhzhs rhprhshntg f
pgphb lh gprhnl`z lh dh`t`ch`rf, h hi quh f ps`qu`gtrg lhscfnahch g hxphr`ënc`g
l`v`ng h f shu cfrfbçr`f, f lgs
lg s trhvgs!
Hntrh g cfnsc`ënc`g h g suprgcfnsc`ënc`g s`tug-sh f quh g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg cagig
lh "Uhtfrnf lgs Buzhs".
\rgtg-sh lh ui rhtfif i`sthr`fsf, lh gcfrlf cfi f qugb f Afihi, quh gtà gqu`
hrg hsphbaf lh Lhus, gtrgvhssg f hsphbaf.
Shu ergïf l`rh`tf tfrng-sh f ergïf hsquhrlf lh Lhus.
 

Hntrgnlf nf l`v`nf, f Afihi à "rhtfrnglf" h f `nthr`fr tfig-sh f hxthr`fr.

"Afkh vhifs pfr ih`f lh ui hsphbaf, lh urng dfrig fescurg, igs hntãf vhrhifs
dgch g dgch" (@ Cfr, Q@@@; 75).
Hssh rhtfif pflh shr b`lf tgieài nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf, hi quh f ahi`sdàr`f
chrhergb l`rh`tf rhoh f bglf hsquhrlf lf cfrpf, hnqugntf f ahi`sdàr`f chrhergb
hsquhrlf rhoh f bglf l`rh`tf.
F cruzgihntf fphrg-sh ng gbturg lf eubef rgqu`l`gnf, fnlh gs d`ergs nhrvfsgs
hignglgs lf càrherf l`rh`tf sh l`r`ohi pgrg g ihtglh hsquhrlg lg ihlubg, gf
pgssf quh gs d`ergs hignglgs lf càrherf hsquhrlf sh l`r`ohi pgrg g ihtglh
l`rh`tg lg ihlubg.
G `igohi ig`s "ihl`gtg" lhssh rhtfif grquhtép`cf nfs à lglg phbg b`nougohi lfs
séiefbfs; sh g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg nfs dgbg lf "Uhtfif lgs Buzhs",
Buz hs", g trgl`ïãf cr`stã
tgieài sh rhdhrh g hssh rhtfif hi sug b`turo`g hp`scfpgb, lurgnth g qugb f E`spf
nuncg sh vfbtg pgrg f pfvf, f  ‒bgfs’  (pgbgvrg
 (pgbgvrg orhog lh fnlh lhr`vg g pgbgvrg
"bg`cf"), shi cruzgr fs grcafths.
Hssh rhtfif hdhtug-sh nf névhb lgs ]frtgs Uhg`s (g ihsg lg cfiunaãf hntrh fs
cgtób`cfs rfignfs) quh sh s`tugi, nf pbgnf trgl`c`fngb lf thipbf cr`stãf,
fehlhchnlf gf hsquhig lg Çrvfrh, í gbturg lg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Ng trgl`ïãf hoépc`g, f i`stf shourg g cruz gbglg hi sug iãf l`rh`tg.
Nfs gdrhscfs quh pflhifs vhr nf iushu lf Bfuvrh, pfr hxhipbf, h quh
rhprhshntgi chngs quh sh lhshnrfbgi gbài lg ifrth ng ifrglg lfs hbh`tfs, hsths
hipunagi hssg ihsig cruz lh v`lg gbglg cfi g iãf hsquhrlg.
Uhgb`zfu-sh uig hspàc`h lh fphrgïãf hi hsphbaf, igs gquhbh quh pgssfu phbg
"]frtg lfs lhushs" hstç rhgbihnth lf futrf bglf lf hsphbaf.
Hssg nfïãf lh rhtfif, `ipfssévhb lh shr cgptglg phbf `nthbhctf, só pflh shr
cfipgrglg í `igohi lh uig buvg quh sh v`rg lf gvhssf; nhssh cgsf, g buvg l`rh`tg
só pflhrç vhst`r g iãf hsquhrlg.
Igs f `nthr`fr tfifu-sh hxthr`fr...
Hssh rhtfif à gcfipgnaglf lg trgvhss`g lgs a`hrgrqu`gs gnoàb`cgs, iunlfs
`nv`sévh`s quh gs vàrthergs chrv`cg`s s`iefb`zgi, nf névhb lf cfrpf.
Hbgs cfnluzhi gf ûbt`if i`stàr`f.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 4

Fs lf`s bglfs lf cfrpf. G cfbung vhrthergb

G cfbung vhrthergb, nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf, à f rhdbhxf lg cfbung lf ih`f lg

Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta, rhdbhxf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg, lg Båi`ng lg Hspglg.
Fs lf`s bglfs lf cfrpf sãf rhdbhxfs lg Cfbung lf U`ofr, í hsquhrlg lg I`shr`córl`g,
í l`rh`tg, rhdbhxfs lf cfnahc`ihntf lh \fv vhUg, fs lf`s ouihs lg Hspglg.
Cfihchifs phbf quh hstç ig`s próx`if lh nós, phbf ig`s `ihl`gtf; hssh gsphctf
l`rhtf lg v`lg.
G v`lg ign`dhstg-sh g nós, cfif v`ifs, pfr fpfs`ïãf fu cfipbhihntgr`lglh;
trhvgs h buz, s`bënc`f h pgbgvrg, dr`f h cgbfr, dhi`n`nf h igscub`nf, htc.
Hssg ign`dhstgïãf à f rhsubtglf lg ferg lg Cr`gïãf, cukf fekhtf à hsshnc`gbihnth
uig shpgrgïãf nf shnt`lf "l`st`nïãf" g pgrt`r lg l g Xn`lglh pr`ifrl`gb.
T`ifs tgieài quh hssg l`st`nïãf à gphngs gpgrhnth.
Hbg à g própr`g `igohi lg ign`dhstgïãf l`v`ng quh prfchlh pfr gnt`nfi`gs;
@ife`b`lglh h Dfnth lh tflf ifv`ihntf, Shr h Nãf-Shr...
F L`v`nf só pflh shr gprhhnl`lf
gprh hnl`lf g pgrt`r lhssgs cfntrgl`ïøhs cgptglgs hi cfnkuntf
h hi sug kustg rhbgïãf pfr gquhbh quh cfnahch.
Igs, nf névhb lh nfssf iunlf shnsévhb, quh à shnt`lf pfr nós, "afihns hi
quhlg", cfif iunlf shpgrglf, l`bgchrglf hntrh shus gsphctfs gnt`nói`cfs, nfssg
hsquhrlg h nfssg l`rh`tg rhdbhthi fs gsphctfs ig`s cfntrgl`tór`fs lf nfssf shr.
G L`rh`tg l`v`ng à prhs`l`lg phbg shpa`rga Afjaiga, g Sgehlfr`g, rhvhbglg sfe f
nfih lh "]g` l`v`nf".
Hbg hscbgrhch g Cfbung lg I`shr`córl`g, nfih lg shpa`rga Ahshl, quh tgieài à
Oglfubga, g Orgnlhzg.
Nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf, cfrrhspfnlh
cfr rhspfnlh í l`rh`tg fntfbóo`cg h igscub`ng: nf névhb
lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf, gf bglf \fv () , f bglf buz.
Ng `nthns`lglh içx`ig lg buz, glqu`r`lg nhssh névhb lg sug hvfbuïãf, h ng
orgnlhzg quh hbg bah cfndhrh à quh f Afihi pflh dgzhr-sh igscub`nf.
Igs hbh só pflh shr igscub`nf sh thi cfnsc`ënc`g lg sug drgo`b`lglh, sh sgeh quh g
sug buz nãf pgssg lh drgquhzg hi rhbgïãf íquhbg quh hbh pflh h lhvh tfrngr-sh gf
phnhtrgr g sug sfierg, f shu bglfb glf dhi`n`nf, trhvg, rhchptglfr lh uig nfvg
`ndfrigïãf, lh uig nfvg dfrïg.
Shr igscub`nf cfns`sth, pf`s, hi rhcfnahchr-sh drgcf h hi dgzhr-sh ohrih pgrg
lhschr g uig nfvg \hrrg `ndhr`fr, g d`i lh nhbg ohri`ngr uig Buz nfvg h g`nlg
ig`fr.
N`ssf hstç g sgehlfr`g. "Wuãf nuihrfsgs sãf tugs fergs, Shnafr, d`zhsth-gs tflgs
cfi sgehlfr`g", cgntg f sgbi`stg (Sb, C@T; 5<).
Í `igohi lg Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng, f Afihi só pflh cfnstru`r f shu cfsifs `nthr`fr
tfignlf-sh drgcf h hstgnlf cah`f lh i`shr`córl`g, Ahshl, pgrg cfi g drgquhzg lfs
futrfs.
Hbh nãf pflh tfrngr-sh drgcf hi rhbgïãf í nfvg \hrrg, hi cukg l`rhïãf cgi`nag, g
nãf shr pfrquh sgeh quh à dfrth hi rhbgïãf íquhbg quh hbh gcgeg lh cfnqu`stgr.
cfnq u`stgr.
Hbh nãf pflh tfigr-sh ohrih pfrquh cfnahchu g Orgnlhzg.
G Hsquhrlg l`v`ng à prhs`l`lg
pr hs`l`lg phbg shpa`rga E`nga, g @nthb`oënc`g, rhvhbglg sfe f
nfih lh "Iãh l`v`ng".
Hbg hscbgrhch g Cfbung lf U`ofr, nfih lg shpa`rga L`n, quh tgieài à Ohefurga, g
Dfrïg.
Nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf, cfrrhspfnlh í hsquhrlg fntfbóo`cg h dhi`n`ng: nf névhb
lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf, gf bglf Ug () , bglf g`nlg nãf `bui`nglf, bglf
trhvg.
À nf vgz`f içx`if lg \rhvg quh hstç f nûcbhf hnhroàt`cf, f Nfih quh pgrt`c`pg lh
 h quh à s`iefb`zglf gphngs phbg bhtrg Pul ()
Cglg ui lfs nfssfs càus `nthr`frhs à, nf névhb hnhroàt`cf quh bah à própr`f,
pgrt`c`pgïãf nf Nfih h dh`tf lhbh nhssh orgu prhc`sf, r`ofrfsf.
 

F dhi`n`nf hstç hi cglg ui lh nós; nf Afihi, g Dfrïg r`ofrfsg dh`tg lhssh orgu
lh pgrt`c`pgïãf nf Nfih : g dfrïg dhi`n`ng à rhchpt`vg í phnhtrgïãf
p hnhtrgïãf igscub`ng
h hstç í hsphrg lhssg phnhtrgïãf.
Lhthntfrg lf Nfih, hbg à, pf`s,
pf` s, Dfrïg h Cfnahc`ihntf tftgb.
Hbg à @nthb`oënc`g E`nga (), gquhbg quh, phnhtrglg, `rç "cfnstru`r" (( )
Egnfa) f "d`baf" () Ehn), quh à g l`ihnsãf lf Pfl (), lh  .
Hi prfdunl`lglh, g `nthb`oënc`g nglg ig`s à lf quh uig gehrturg gifrfsg quh

l`str`eu` gs hnhro`gs lh 

l`v`ng, rhcfnahchnlf-sh  í hihl`lg
drgcf quh gquhbh
`onfrgnth, phnhtrgquh, pgrt`c`pgnlf
fs shus lg sgehlfr`g
càus `nthr`frhs.
Hssg à g frlhi fntfbóo`cg.
Igs f lrgig lg quhlg `nthrpøh-sh, phrturegnlf g frlhi fntfbóo`cg.
Gf thrif lhssh lrgig, f Afihi cahofu í `busãf lg un`lglh glqu`r`lg ng
cfnqu`stg lf shu Nfih shi thr cfihïglf f trgegbaf lfs hspfnsg`s `nthr`frhs.
Lgé pgrg g drhnth, Glãf à rhvhst`lf lh "tûn`cgs lh phbh", "vfbtglf" gf hxthr`fr lh s`
ihsif.
T`ifs quh hssg ngturhzg shcunlçr`g l`str`eu` gs hnhro`gs lh tgb iflf quh g l`rh`tg
sh tfifu g hsquhrlg, h g hsquhrlg sh tfrnfu g l`rh`tg.
Nf Afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, quh cglg ui lh nós à afkh, f càrherf l`rh`tf, quh
cfrrhspfnlh í Sgehlfr`g, hnv`g, g pgrt`r lh hntãf, sugs `ndfrigïøhs pgrg f bglf
hsquhrlf lf cfrpf, h f dhi`n`nf, quh fntfbfo`cgihnth à dfrïg prfdunlg, tfig-sh
i`shr`córl`g dhi`n`zglg, `stf à, gdht`v`lglh hifc`fngb.
G Obór`g fntfbóo`cg l`v`ng lç buogr ís v`tór`gs hxthr`frhs, gf ]flhr vg`lfsf.
F càrherf hsquhrlf, quh cfrrhspfnlh í @nthb`oënc`g, hnv`g, g pgrt`r lh hntãf, sugs
`ndfrigïøhs pgrg f bglf l`rh`tf lf cfrpf, h f igscub`nf, quh à fntfbfo`cgihnth
i`shr`córl`g, pfrquh à cfnsc`hnth lg sug drgquhzg, tfig-sh dfrïgdf rïg hxthr`fr, dfrïg
pséqu`cg, dfrïg lh cfipht`ïãf, quh grrgsg h quh só sh `nvhsth ng cfnqu`stg lf
iunlf hxthr`fr.
F ]flhr fntfbóo`cf lç buogr í obór`g hxthr`fr, í cfnqu`stg lf rhnfih (póbf
hxthr`fr`zglf `ncfnsc`hnthihnth hi rhbgïãf gf póbf `nthr`fr, quh à g cfnqu`stg lf
Nfih), í Tg`lglh obfr`d`cglg.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, nós “ afihns lh tûn`cg lh phbh “ cfndunl`ifs, nui pr`ih`rf
névhb lh cfnsc`ënc`g, f càrherf l`rh`tf igscub`nf-Sgehlfr`g,
igscub`nf -Sgehlfr`g, quh nãf cfihïfu g
dunc`fngr cfi f `ncfnsc`hnth, f bglf trhvg dhi`n`nf.
À cfndunl`r f óroãf igscub`nf cfi f vhntrh
v hntrh dhi`n`nf.
Sh hsth nãf df` phnhtrglf à pfrquh f Afihi g`nlg nãf lhshnvfbvhu sug
Sgehlfr`g, shu óroãf igscub`nf fntfbóo`cf, f quh lhvh phnhtrgr gs sugs thrrgs-
càus `nthr`frhs.
 

Sh f càrherf hsquhrlf, dhi`n`nf, sh lhshnvfbvhu à pfrquh hbh `nvhst`u tflg g sug

@nthb`oënc`g ng cfnqu`stg lf iunlf hxthr`fr h, pgrg dgzë-bf, prfvhu-g lh ui dgbsf
óroãf igscub`nf.
Igscub`n`zgifs g nfssg `nthb`oënc`g, quh sh tfifu gohnth lh phnhtrgïãf hi vhz lh
shr phnhtrglg.
Nós suphrlhshnvfbvhifs hssh dgbsf igscub`nf, cfi tflf f shu cfrthkf lh l h dfrïgs
cfnsgorglgs gf iunlf hxthr`fr h, nhognlf tflg drgquhzg, d`zhifs vhohtgr g
sgehlfr`g hi cgthofr`gs ifrgb`zgnths, rhcfndfrtgnths dhi`n`zgnlf-g.
dhi`n`zgnlf -g.
Igs hi cglg ui lh nós, nf Afihi, hssgs lugs l`ihnsøhs, uig fntfbóo`cg h g
futrg b`oglg í tûn`cg lh phbh, cfhx`sthi h sh suphrpøhi.
Fs ca`nhshs cfnd`rigi hssg v`sãf; shounlf sug \rgl`ïãf, f cfrpf hnhroàt`cf à, ng
sug rhgb`lglh nãf-ign`dhstglg, igscub`nf í l`rh`tg h dhi`n`nf í hsquhrlg: ng sug
rhgb`lglh ign`dhstglg, à dhi`n`nf í l`rh`tg h igscub`nf í hsquhrlg.
Hbhs cagigi gf nãf-ign`dhstglf fntfbóo`cf "càu gnthr`fr", h gf ign`dhstglf
e`fbóo`cf `ihl`gtf, "càu pfsthr`fr". 
‒ Hssg `nvhrsãf lgs fr`hntgïøhs s`tug-sh nui ifihntf iu`tf prhc`sf; f lg
cfnchpïãf...
F càu gnthr`fr à tulf gqu`bf quh hstç gnths lg cfnchpïãf: f càu pfsthr`fr, tulf f
quh hstç lhpf`s.
 G cfnchpïãf à, pfrtgntf, f buogr thipfrf-hspgc`gb fnlh aç phriutg lgs
fr`hntgïøhs.
... \flgv`g, sãf cfncfi`tgnths hssgs lugs fr`hntgïøhs pfrquh f ngsc`ihntf à
cfnstgnth h phrignhnth, pfrquh g cglg `nstgnth g T`lg quh prfsshouh nui
`nl`véluf à uig v`lg quh rhngsch"!

Cr`stf nfs l`rç; "Hstg`s nf iunlf, igs nãf sf`s lf iunlf" (Kf, QT@@ ;74-71).
Hssgs lugs l`ihnsøhs shrãf iu`tgs vhzhs hxprhssgs nfs i`tfs phbg prhshnïg lh
oëihfs.
Gs lupbgs Wg`n-Gehb fu Kgcfe-Hsgû sãf séiefbfs v`vfs l`ssf.
Wgæn h Kgcfe sãf afióbfofs lg fntfbfo`g lf Afihi.
F pr`ih`rf, Wg`n () à "n`naf" (Whn ()) lf Pfl, f shounlf, Pggqfv () à
"cgbcgnagr" (Gqfv ()) lf Pfl.
H vhrhifs nf hstulf lf pà quh f cgbcgnagr tgieài à ui n`naf!
Gehb h Hsgû sãf afióbfofs lf Afihi lh "tûn`cg lh phbh", ngturhzg gcrhschntglg.
Giefs sãf `lhnt`d`cglfs cfi f iunlf gn`igb; Gehb, ougrl`ãf
ou grl`ãf lh rhegnafs: Hsgû,
"afihi vhrihbaf" phbulf, quh ofstg lh cgïgr, htc.
Igs, pgrg cglg uig lgs lupbgs, fs lf`s afihns sãf `riãfs h, g pgrt`r lh hntãf, g
ngturhzg prfdunlg, pfrtglfrg lg lh`d`cgïãf nf Pfl, só pflhrç rhgb`zgr-sh gf
gssui`r tftgbihnth g tûn`cg gn`igb.
F lrgig lh Wg`n shrç igtgr Gehb.
G orgnlhzg lh Kgcfe shrç gssui`r Hsgû, cukgs hnhro`gs (f l`rh`tf
l` rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg)
hbh nãf rhtfigrç shnãf qugnlf hst`vhr hi cfnl`ïøhs lh cuipr`-bgs
fntfbfo`cgihnth, pgrg cfbfcgr nf iunlf f Ihss`gs .
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, shrhifs ig`s Gehb-Hsgû lurgnth g pr`ih`rg pgrth lg nfssg
v`lg, nf pr`ih`rf hstço`f lg hscgbglg lg nfssg çrvfrh, hstço`f lf Agvhr.
Nhssh hstço`f, tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglfs cfi gs nfssgs hnhro`gs “ f iunlf gn`igb
“, nãf sgehrhifs l`schrn`r g l`rh`tg
l`rh` tg lg hsquhrlg.
"H hu - l`ssh Lhus g Kfngs, phl`nlf i`shr`córl`g pgrg cfi g c`lglh llh
h Nén`vh,
gihgïglg lf r`ofr l`v`nf phbf ]rfdhtg - h hu nãf thr`g p`hlglh lh Nén`vh, g orgnlh
c`lglh, ng qugb aç ig`s lh chntf h v`nth i`b shrhs auignfs qquh
uh nãf sgehi
l`st`nou`r g iãf l`rh`tg lg iãf hsquhrlg, h uig iubt`lãf `ncfntçvhb lh gn`ig`s!"
(Kn, @T; 77).

Fs gn`ig`s, gqu`, sãf gs hnhro`gs lhsshs shrhs auignfs g`nlg `ncfnsc`hnths

lhstgs, `ncgpgzhs, pf`s, lh cfnqu`stç-bgs.
 

Sãf, cfi hdh`tf, fs gn`ig`s lhscr`tfs nf shxtf l`g lf Oënhs`s, gs hnhro`gs quh
hstruturgi gs nfssgs thrrgs `nthr`frhs hi cglg ui lfs névh`s gc`ig ihnc`fnglfs.
@lhnt`d`cglfs cfi hbhs, nãf fs cfnahchifs h nãf pflhifs cfnqu`stç-bfs.

\frngr-sh Afihns, pgssgr phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns", à cfihïgr g l`schrn`r g l`rh`tg
lg hsquhrlg h, g`nlg ig`s, g l`rh`tg
l` rh`tg fntfbóo`cg igscub`ng lg l`rh`tg hx`sthnc`gb
ZLfu g hssh thrif hx`sthnc`gb shu shnt`lf ht`ifbóo`cf; "dfrg lf shr", `lhnt`d`cgnlf-
f cfi g nfssg ngturhzg "hi quhlg" “ g tûn`cg lh phbh.Y dhi`n`ng: g hsquhrlg
fntfbóo`cg dhi`n`ng lg hsquhrlg hx`sthnc`gb igscub`ng.

À hntrgr, hntãf, nf vhrlglh`rf shnt`lf lg "hsquhrlg" (hi aherg`cf, Sifb ( ),

quh pflh shr b`lf; -   - Sahi-hb, Nfih lh Hbfa`i),
Hbfa` i), pf`s g hsquhrlg dhi`n`ng
cfntài f Pfl  , Nfih l`v`nf nf qugb Hbfa`i Sh hscfnlh, Sh tfig Ohrih nf
cfrgïãf lg Sug Cr`gïãf. Igs à vhrlglh quh sug prfx`i`lglh à thiévhb, f quh `nl`cg
f s`n`strg bgt`nf, sh hnthnlhifs f thrif nf shu shnt`lf hsp`r`tugb.
Hssh bglf cfrrhspfnlh í cfbung lg hsquhrlg lf \hipbf lh Sgbfiãf, cfbung
cagiglg Efgz () , "hi  g dfrïg ".
G l`rh`tg à Pgi`n (): hbg hncfntrg g cfbung lg l`rh`tg lf \hipbf lh Sgbfiãf
cagiglg Pgja`n (): hsshs lf`s thrifs trgzhi f séiefbf sfbgr lf v`naf
(Pgy`n ()) .À g ferg igscub`ng, dfnth lh hier`gouhz.
hier` gouhz.
\frngr-sh Afihns à tfrngr-sh Kgcfe-@srghb, à cfihïgr g cfnstru`r g cfbung
vhrthergb, hxphr`ënc`g quh à dh`tg pfr Kgcfe nf sfnaf lg hscglg.
"Hbh v`g uig hscglg cfbfcglg ng \hrrg cukf tfpf tfcgvg f Càu: gf bfnof lhssg
hscglg, fs gnkfs lh Lhus sue`gi h lhsc`gi.
l hsc`gi. Nf tfpf hstgvg   ..."
(On, QQT@@@; 75-73).

Hscglg à uig pgbgvrg, cfnstruélg sferh g rg`z S-J-B,

S -J-B, quh hncfntrgifs hi tflfs fs
cfnv`ths í "hscgbglg"; hscglg, scafbg, scaffb, hscfbg, hsquhbhtf... 
Hi aherg`cf g pgbgvrg hscglg, Shbgi (    (4=-3=-4==)), à cfnstruélg lg shou`nth
dfrig; ou`glf () phbg çrvfrh lg \rgl`ïãf, gpf`gnlf-sh ( ) nhbg, f Afihi
cgi`nag hi l`rhïãf í sug rhgb`zgïãf ( ).
Nfthifs ehi quh, nf sfnaf lh l h Kgcfe, g hscglg "hstgvg gpf`glg ng \hrrg h quh
qu h f
shu tfpf tfcgvg f Càu".
À `ipfrtgnth dr`sgr gqu` quh g hvfbuïãf lf Afihi, g sug própr`g v`lg, `nscrhvh-sh
hntrh g \hrrg h f Càu.
G hxphr`ënc`g lh Kgcfe cfnd`rig g `igohi lfs lf`s póbfs lh ui éiã cósi`cf, hntrh
fs qug`s f Afihi à g própr`g v`ergïãf.
Sh hbh bgrog ui lh shus póbfs, hbh nãf à ig`s: hbh gphngs hx`sth, nf shnt`lf
ht`ifbóo`cf lf thrif; hbh hstç dfrg lg cfrrhnth lg v`lg.
Nf hsquhig cfrpfrgb, fs gnkfs quh sfehi h quh lhschi sãf gs hnhro`gs
ife`b`zglgs gf bfnof lg cfbung vhrthergb, hbgs própr`gs
própr` gs hnhro`gs lhschnlhnths h
gschnlhnths, quh dgzhi g dfrïg l`ngi`zgnth lf hncfntrf lf Afihi cfi f iunlf
hxthr`fr ng pr`ih`rg pgrth lg sug v`lg: hncfntrf lf Afihi cfns`of ihsif,
qugnlf pgssg phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns": lhpf`s, hncfntrf lf Afihi cfi f shu
nûcbhf, f shu Nfih, fs hspfnsg`s l`v`nfs!
\gb à g dfrïg lh Hrfs, nf névhb lg cfbung vhrthergb, gquhbg quh unh Jhtahr g
Igbjauta , f Uh` í Ug`nag, f Hspfsf í Hspfsg.
Lhslh g quhlg, hssg dfrïg ife`b`zg f Afihi hxcbus`vgihnth nf hxthr`fr lh s`
ihsif h f igntài nf shu pr`ih`rf hstço`f, `ndgnt`b`zgnlf-f.
Igs pflh tgieài fehlhchr í Tfz lf Hspfsf, rhhncfntrgr f cgi`naf lf shu Nfih
h hbhvgr-sh, cfif g sh`vg lg Çrvfrh, ruif gf tfpf lf Afihi.
Cglg shr auignf dru` sug v`lg ife`b`zgnlf hnhro`gs, shkg dgzhnlf sue`r g sug sh`vg
g d`i lh quh sug çrvfrh drut`d`quh, shkg ogstgnlf-g lhslh f ngsc`ihntf, gf pà lg
Çrvfrh, nfs rhehntfs h nfs ogbafs eg`xfs...
 

Sh nuihrfsfs r`tug`s `n`c`çt`cfs “ h phnsf iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth ngquhbhs lfs

xgiãs lg trgl`ïãf a`phrefrhgng “ `ncbuhi s`iefb`cgihnth g sue`lg lh uig
hscglg, futrfs prfpøhi g sue`lg lg Grvfrh.
Hbhs cfnd`rigi quh à ng "sue`lg lg sh`vg" quh rhs`lh f própr`f shnt`lf lg v`lg lf
Afihi, f shnt`lf lg i`sthr`fsg h phrtureglfrg prfvg quh cfnst`tu` g sug
pgssgohi ng \hrrg hntrh f ngsc`ihntf h g ifrth
Hntrh lf`s póbfs fpfstfs, gnt`nüi`cfs, quh sãf f ngsc`ihntf h g ifrth, hntrh hssgs
lugs "igtr`zhs", g trgl`ïãf cr`stã prfpunag-nfs g própr`g ]hssfg lh Cr`stf quh à “ 
Hbh própr`f nfs rhvhbg “ "f Cgi`naf, g T`lg" (Kf, Q@T;4).
Ig`s gl`gnth, Hbh l`z lh S` ihsif; "Hu sfu g ]frtg."
Sh Hbh nãf l`ssh; "Hu sfu g Çrvfrh", hbh, cfntulf, `lhnt`d`cfu-sh sud`c`hnthihnth
cfi g Çrvfrh lg Cruz, pgrg quh grrgnquhifs lhstg ûbt`ig f shu shorhlf.
G Çrvfrh gpgrhch phbg pr`ih`rg vhz nf i`tf eéeb`cf, cfif kç v`ifs gnthr`frihnth,
sfe g dfrig lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg h Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf pbgntglgs nf ih`f lf
Kgrl`i.
Wugnlf f Afihi, nf cgpétubf @@@ lf Oënhs`s, à hxpubsf lf Àlhn, fs Wuhrue`ns h g
Hspglg dbgihkgnth ougrlgi g pfrtg lf kgrl`i g d`i lh quh n`nouài
n`nou ài pfssg hntrgr
pgrg cfihr f drutf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg.
Hssh à f `néc`f lg bfnog cgi`naglg shi lhst`nf lf Afihi sferh g \hrrg; f
Afihi à hxpubsf lh s` ihsif, hxpubsf lh shu h`xf l`v`nf: cfndunl`lf lh nfvf
cfi f shu dhi`n`nf, hbh à rhkh`tglf gf pà lg Çrvfrh, ng egsh lg sug cfbung
vhrthergb.
Gs bh`s quh hstruturgi g Cr`gïãf hncfntrgi-sh, hntãf, vfbtglgs cfntrg hbh.
Hbh à glvhrt`lf pfr gqu`bf quh sh cfnvhnc`fnfu cagigr g igbl`ïãf l`v`ng: Lhus l`z
hntãf g @sag; "Lgrçs í buz nf sfdr`ihntf."
G hxprhssãf "nf sfdr`ihntf" à Eh-Htshv ( ).
Hntrh fs lf`s Eh`ta (), cfif hntrh gs lugs cfbungs bgthrg`s, g cfbung lf ih`f
"() Hts" s`on`d`cg g Çrvfrh.
@sag rhprhshntg gqu` Glãf ng sug dunïãf dhi`n`ng.
Glãf hxt`rpglf lg cfnsc`ënc`g lf Pfl à cagiglf g cfnchehr-sh g s` própr`f,
pr ópr`f,
rhgb`zgnlf g hscgbglg lg Grvfrh gf pà lg qugb hbh cg`u.
Hncfntrgr nfvgihnth g cfnsc`ënc`g lf Pfl h cfnchehr-sh
cfnchehr -sh ng sug l`ihnsãf l`v`ng
phrignhch shnlf g ûn`cg vfcgïãf lf Afihi.
Nf B`vrf lf Ëxflf (cgp. @@@), hi quh sh rhbgtg g cgi`naglg lf pfvf lh @srghb
gtrgvàs lf lhshrtf, ui thrch`rf séiefbf à `ntrfluz`lf s`on`d`cgnlf g cfbung
vhrthergb lg auign`lglh; g "cfbung lh nuvhi quh ou`gvg f pfvf lurgnth f l`g" h
quh sh trgnsdfrigvg hi "cfbung lh dfof pgrg `bui`ngr g nf`th".
  hrg hssg cfbung.
Ng hscur`lãf lhssh bfnof lhshrtf, quh à nfssg pgssgohi phbg \hrrg, g nfssg
cfbung vhrthergb à f ou`g bui`nfsf lgquhbh quh sgeh vhr.
À g dhrrgihntg lh quhi sgeh trgegbagr.
À f cgi`naf lgquhbh quh pflh sue`r.
Ng énl`g, g hsp`nag lfrsgb cagig-sh ergaiglgnlg fu "egstãf lh Ergaig".
E rgaig".
Gf bfnof lhssh egstãf fphrg-sh g bhntg hscgbglg lg Junlgb`n` “ g shrphnth lh dfof
quh tgntf sh gsshihbag í shrphnth lh erfnzh “ shrphnth grlhnth quh If`sàs hbhvg
nf lhshrtf (Ni, QQ@;1-0), quh curg qugbquhr cagog, quh lç v`lg, h cfi g qugb
Cr`stf Sh `lhnt`d`cg, l`zhnlf; "H cfif If`sàs hbhvfu g shrphnth nf lhshrtf, à
prhc`sf `ougbihnth quh f D`baf lf Afihi shkg hbhvglf..." (Kf, 777; 7<).
Nfs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs, f D`baf lh Lhus lhsch, f D`baf lf Afihi sfeh.
Hssg rhgb`lglh à v`v`lg nf Cr`st`gn`sif nf pbgnf lg ]hssfg l`v`ng quh sh lh`xg
cgptgr phbg A`stór`g pgrg hbhvgr f Afihi í sug lh`d`cgïãf.
Hbg à v`v`lg nf A`nluésif nf pbgnf lf Hspér`tf quh sh lh`xg cgptgr phbf cfrpf pgrg
bhvgr hsth g ger`r gf bfnof
b fnof lg cfbung vhrthergb fs cagjrgs, fu chntrfs lh
l h dfrïgs.
Hssgs
pfr dfrïgs,
orgus gss`i b`ehrtglgs,
suchss`vfs, `iprhongi
g pgrt`c`pgr lh gboui
pbhngihnth iflfl`v`ng.
lg Hnhro`g f shr g d`i lh bhvç-bf,
 

Fs shth cagjrgs pr`nc`pg`s sfehi lg egsh lg cfbung vhrthergb (fu cagjrg

dunlgihntgb) gtà f gbtf lg cgehïg (fu cagjrg cfrfngb) (rhhncfntrgifs gs shpa`rfta
"Dunlgihntf" h "Cfrfg").
Hntrh hbhs, thifs f cagjrg uie`b`cgb,
uie`b` cgb, f cagjrg hspbën`cf, f lf cfrgïãf, f lg bgr`noh
bg r`noh
h f cagjrg drfntgb.
F quh, nfs i`tfs, à hscglg, cfbung fu çrvfrh, f quh, ng trgl`ïãf ca`nhsg à f \gf, g
T`g, cgi`naf lh rhun`d`cgïãf lfs cfntrçr`fs, à, ng trgl`ïãf cr`stã “ cfif v`ifs
gnthr`frihnth “, g ]hssfg lh Cr`stf, quh l`z lh s` ihsif; "Hu sfu f Cgi`naf, g
Thrlglh h g T`lg" (Kó, Q@T; 4).
F quh fs ca`nhshs cagigi y`n h ygno, f quh fs aherhus fu tflgs gs futrgs
rhb`o`øhs cagigi Hnhro`gs-]r`ncép`fs, sãf, nhssg ihsig trgl`ïãf, phssfgs v`vgs
quh hncgigi g lugb`lglh.
À gss`i quh, nfs Hvgnohbafs, vhifs lhshnagr-sh ui gdrhscf lh phrsfngohns
r flhgr f Cr`stf. 
l`vhrsfs quh vëi, lf`s g lf`s, rflhgr
Feshrvhifs pr`ih`rf fs lf`s Kulgs, cukf nfih aherg`cf Phafulg ( ) à f
própr`f nfih l`v`nf, f \htrgorgrng, gf qugb sh gcrhschntfu g bhtrg Lgbhta ().
Lgbhta, g "]frtg", cfrrhspfnlh gf nûihrf <, séiefbf lh pgrglg, h gqu`, iu`tf
pgrt`cubgrihnth, "]frtg" lg hncgrngïãf.
Hssh nfih lh Kulgs, nfih igonéd`cf hntrh tflfs, s`on`d`cg vhrlglh`rgihnth
"hncgrngïãf lh ", " , `nscrhvh-sh ng a`stór`g".
Ngsc`lf lg tr`ef lh Kulç, qugrtf lfs 75 d`bafs lh @srghb, ifrtf phbg iãf lh Kulgs,
ûbt`if lfs 75 Gpóstfbfs, Cr`stf, hntrh hssgs lugs "pfrtgs" lh l h ngsc`ihntf h lh
ifrth, à g T`lg; g T`lg
T` lg trgnschnlh g A`stór`g h nhbg sh hncgrng.
Tgifs gofrg gtà fs lf`s Kfsàs; lh ui bglf, Kfsà, hspfsf lg T`rohi, vhbg sferh f
vhntrh igthrnf, igtr`z lf ngsc`ihntf lf Lhus quh sh dhz Afihi.
H, pfr futrf bglf, Kfsà lh Gr`igtà`g rhcfbah f cglçvhr lh Cr`stf, cfbfcg-f nf
tûiubf h vhbg sferh hssg igtr`z lh ifrth quh sh rhvhbg igtr`z lg Uhssurrh`ïãf, lh
rhngsc`ihntf, lf Afihi quh sh tfig Lhus.
Hntrh hbhs, Cr`stf, Lhus h f Afihi à g phrdh`tg un`lglh lf Càu h lg \hrrg, g sug
 kustg cfnhxãf.
Thntrh igthrnf h tûiubf sãf lf`sl f`s b`i`ths “ Sfpa () hi aherg`cf.
F nfih lh Kfsà, Pfsshpa () (Pfl quh sh tfrng b`i`th) à f lf vhref Pgssfpa
"guihntgr"; nãf agvhrç nhnaui crhsc`ihntf shi g gch`tgïãf lh dgzhr-sh ohrih o hrih h
lh`xgr-sh cgptgr f thipf nhchssçr`f nfs b`i`ths lh urng hstruturg.
Lfs lf`s bglfs lg Cruz, séiefbf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg, hrouhi-sh gs cruzhs lfs lf`s
bglrøhs; hntrh lf`s hrrfs, hrouh-sh g Thrlglh.
Xi lfs bglrøhs sh `lhnt`d`cg cfi g I`shr`córl`g l`v`ng:
l` v`ng: f futrf, cfi f U`ofr.
Gf pà lg Cruz hstãf Igr`g h Kfãf, grquàt`pfs lf dhi`n`nf h lf igscub`nf.
Sferh g Cruz hstç Gquhbh nf qugb nãf hx`sth "nhi afihi, nhi iubahr" (]gubf, Ob,
777; 51), pf`s nhssg ûbt`ig ifrth Hbh rhcfnqu`stfu g un`lglh.
Gf rhlfr lf Cr`stf trgnsd`ourglf sferh f ifnth \gefr gpgrhchi If`sàs h Hb`gs.
Hntrh f U`ofr lg Bh` h f Dfof lf ]rfdht`sif, Cr`stf à g trgl`ïãf v`vg.
Aç, cfntulf, ig`s lf`s phrsfngohns nfs qug`s quhrf lhthr-ih ig`s bfnogihnth.
Sãf fs lf`s Kføhs; Kfãf, f Egt`stg, lh ui bglf: h Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, lh futrf.
Ng Gnt`ou`lglh, thipf a`stór`cf ehi gnthr`fr gf Cr`st`gn`sif,
C r`st`gn`sif, hrg vhnhrglf f lhus
Kgnus.
Uhprhshntglf sfe g dfrig lh uig ûn`cg ûn `cg cgehïg cfi lf`s rfstfs “ ui lh vhbaf,
futrf lh kfvhi “ hbh hrg dhsthkglf nfs lf`s sfbstéc`fs lf c`cbf lf gnf.
Thrhifs, lhpf`s, qugb f shnt`lf l`ssf.
Hssh Kgnus E`drfnth s`iefb`zgvg f thipf; f pgssglf, phbf shu rfstf lh vhbaf: f
duturf, phbf rfstf lh kfvhi.
F ûn`cf rfstf quh nãf hrg h nãf pfl`g shr rhprhshntglf hrg f lf prhshnth, f
`ngprhhnsévhb, f `igthr`gb, f `nthipfrgb.
 

Ng phssfg lh Cr`stf, f `ngprhhnsévhb lh`xg-sh gprhhnlhr, f `igthr`gb hncgrng-sh, f

prhshnth dgz-sh rhgb`lglh, f hthrnf tfig-sh a`stór`cf,
a` stór`cf, f `ifrtgb ifrrh h rhssusc`tg
pgrg rh`ntrfluz`r f Afihi hi sug l`ihnsãf l`v`ng.
Uflhglf lhsshs lf`s Kføhs “ Kfãf, f Egt`stg, "f vhbaf afihi", f afihi lh
"tûn`cg lh phbh" (hbh sh vhsth cfi phbh lh cgihbf): h Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, f lhv`r,
gquhbh lh quhi f Ihstrh dgbg tãf i`sthr`fsgihnth cfif sh g s`on`d`cgr quh gquhbh
 kç hstgvg rhgb`zglf (Kf,
(Kf, QQ@, 55-53).
Cr`stf à f "`nstgnth".
À nf névhb lf prhshnth quh f Afihi hncfntrg f shu vhrlglh`rf rfstf h pflh v`vhr
g sug ihl`lg lh hthrn`lglh.
Ng sug l`ihnsãf crést`cg, hbh sg` lf thipf hstgnlf nf thipf: f `nstgnth à f pfntf
cruc`gb lf Afihi.
G ig`fr pgrth lfs shrhs rhcusg-sh g `ssf, pf`s f `nstgnth à f quh hx`sth lh ig`s
l`déc`b pgrg sh v`vhr.
B`oglf pfr hssënc`g í hthrn`lglh, f prhshnth à pfrtglfr lf gesfbutf.  
F Afihi v`vh hssg cfntrgl`ïãf, quh cfns`sth hi rh`v`nl`cgr f gesfbutf h hi duo`r
lhbh.
Hbh f rh`v`nl`cg, pf`s hstç ifblglf hi sug hssënc`g: h dfoh lhbh, pfrquh hsphrg
quh g hx`stënc`g f trgog g hbh h pfrquh f prfcurg, nãf lhntrf lh s` ihsif, igs
dfrg.
Hbh f hsphrg lf thipf; shkg lf pgssglf, quh hntãf `lhgb`zg h nf qugb sh rhduo`g (à
g gt`tulh lh iu`tfs vhbafs): shkg lf duturf, quh, nf shu hnthnlhr, f hncahrç lf
gesfbutf (à g gt`tulh lf kfvhi h lh iu`tfs lhntrh nós quh v`vhifs shiprh
prfkhtglfs pgrg g drhnth).
Wugnlf f `nstgnth, hi shu gsphctf thipfrgb, bah prfpfrc`fng uig gbhor`g, hntãf
hbh phlh quh f thipf thnag vgbfr lh hthrn`lglh; "Ó thipf, susphnlh f thu vüf
...", cgntg f pfhtg.
Nãf sgehnlf ihl`r g vhrlglh`rg l`ihnsãf lf prhshnth, f afihi dfoh lhbh h,
duo`nlf lhbh, dfoh lh s` própr`f h, go`nlf lhssh iflf, sh lhstró`.
G hxprhssãf fc`lhntgb lf Cr`st`gn`sif lfs lhz ûbt`ifsû bt`ifs sàcubfs trgluz
lrgigt`cgihnth hssg hxphr`ënc`g.
Gtugbihnth l`bgchrglg hntrh `nthor`stgs, quh sh prhnlhi gfs açe`tfs açe` tfs lh ui
pgssglf iu`tf rhbgt`vf, h prforhss`stgs, quh hntrgi hi cfipht`ïãf
cfi pht`ïãf cfi f
prforhssf hxthr`fr quh `ncfnsc`hnthihnth lh`d`cgi, hssg @orhkg @or hkg gegnlfng f shu
h`xf trgl`c`fngb h sh lhstró`.
G trgl`ïãf nãf à drutf nhi lh ui pgssglf nhi lh ui duturf; hbg à hssh thipf
prfdàt`cf quh ihroubag nf `nthipfrgb
` nthipfrgb h sh hncgrng nf `nstgnth.
Fs pgrt`lfs pfbét`cfs, quhr shkgi "lh l`rh`tg"
l`r h`tg" (cfnshrvglfrhs) fu "lh hsquhrlg"
(tgieài hbhs prforhss`stgs) gpó`gi-sh nuig iubhtg quh thnlh g lhshqu`b`ergr f
futrf,
tgb tfrngnlf
cfnthxtf, g ngïãf
pgrg "igncg"
v`vhr sug h lh`xgnlf
v`lg lh lh hncgi`naç-bg,
glubtf, chntrglg gesfbutgihnth,
sferh sug vhrlglh`rg hi
cfbung
vhrthergb.

Tfbtgnlf g nfssf hsquhig cfrpfrgb, à-nfs dçc`b bhr hi shu bglf l`rh`tf dhi`n`nf, f
lg phrignënc`g, g fr`ohi, f gnt`of: hi shu bglf hsquhrlf igscub`nf, f lf
ifv`ihntf, f duturf.
Sfihnth g cfbung vhrthergb, hncgrngnlf f `nstgnth, ohrih lh trgnschnlënc`g lgs
gnt`nfi`gs, à g v`lg h g v`g quh bhvg f afihi fu f .orupf, fu g ngïãf, fu g
própr`g auign`lglh hi sug tftgb`lglh, gpf`glg nf h`xf
h` xf lh shu shr hsshnc`gb,
hsp`r`tugb h l`v`nf.
F Afihi, shi v`vhr hssh h`xf, sh lhs`nshrh lg v`lg h sh lh`xg lhvfrgr phbf
thipf.
Hssh gsphctf lhvfrglfr lf thipf nfs à trgnsi`t`lf phbf i`tf lh Crfnfs “ chntrgb
ng v`lg lg auign`lglh.
Uhbgtç-bf gqu` nfs grrgstgr`g nuig l`orhssãf iu`tf cfipbhxg.
L`ogifs gphngs quh, d`baf lh Xrgnf, lhus lfl f Càu, Crfnfs, gkulglf phbfs
p hbfs t`tãs,
lhstrfng shu pg`.
 

Wuhi à hbh hi rhbgïãf gf d`baf6 F thipf l`gnth lg hthrn`lglh.

Hbh prhs`lh gf nfssf ngsc`ihntf, gf nfssf giglurhc`ihntf, í nfssg ifrth.
Hbh à g cfnt`nu`lglh, g suchssãf, f hncglhgihntf, g rhpht`ïãf nf quh sh rrhbgc`fng
hbgc`fng
cfi g hthrn`lglh.
Thifs hntãf Crfnfs lhvfrgr tflfs fs shus d`bafs; cglg `nstgnth sh gnubg, lhvfrglf
quh à phbf duturf quh, pfr sug vhz, à `ihl`gtgihnth trgnsdfriglf hi pgssglf.
Lhvhrégifs gcgsf l`zhr quh tulf hstç phrl`lf, quh nãf hx`sth ig`s nglg hi
cfiui hntrh Xrgnf h Crfnfs, hntrh g hthrn`lglh (g quh fs d`bósfdfs tgieài
cagigi nãf-thipf) h f thipf6
F i`tf cfnt`nug g nfs hns`ngr; Ohg, iubahr lh Crfnfs, sgbvg ui lh shus d`bafs, ui
lhsshs "`nstgnths", quh à [hus; hbh à lh l`ihnsãf l`v`ng.
Cglg `nstgnth pflh shr sgbvf, rhst`tuélf í sug l`ihnsãf hthrng. 
Hntãf [hus rh`nstgurg f rh`nf lh Xrgnf.
[hus, hssh lhus quh hstç hi nós, nãf pflh lh`xgr-sh lhvfrgr: hbh cfiegth,
gkulglf phbfs c`cbfphs, pgrg hnofb`r fs t`tãs, dfrïgs `nst`nt`vgs, h gf própr`f
pr ópr`f Crfnfs,
nf dfof lfs vubcøhs.
Hssh dfof lf `nthr`fr lg thrrg à f gifr nf `nthr`fr lf shr; f gifr hvfbut`vf, quh
quh`ig nf chntrf lf quglr`bçthrf h lhstró` tulf f quh nãf dgz pgrth lf l f shr l`v`nf.
Fs c`cbfphs sãf hsshs phrsfngohns lh fbaf drfntgb, pfrtglfrhs
p frtglfrhs lf "\hrch`rf Fbaf" lg
trgl`ïãf a`nlu, quh g trgl`ïãf kulhf-cr`stã nãf `onfrg qugnlf dgbg lgquhbh "quh
thi f fbaf gehrtf" (Ni, QQ@T; 3), h lh quh vfbtgrh` g dgbgr ig`s tgrlh.
Fs c`cbfphs sãf gs dfrïgs lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Dgzhi phnsgr hi Sa`vg, lhus lg \r`iûrt` a`nlu cukf thrch`rf fbaf, f fbaf drfntgb,
lhstró` tflg ign`dhstgïãf.
Hssg lhstru`ïãf à g pgssgohi lf thipf pgrg g hthrn`lglh, lg suchssãf pgrg g
phrignënc`g quh cfntài thipf h nãf-thipf.
Cglg `nstgnth hstç cgrrhoglf lh hthrn`lglh.
G v`lg hstç nhbh.
Hbg hstç nf névhb lg Cfbung lf Ih`f.
S`iefb`cgihnth, pfrtgntf, g cfbung vhrthergb à f cgi`naf lf nfssf rhhncfntrf cfi
nós ihsifs, lg nfssg pfthnc`gb`lglh lh`d`cgnth.
Cfbung lf Ih`f, hbg à "buogr lf I`", buogr lf rhhncfntrf lf "Ig" h lf "I`", pfrquh
à buogr lf rhhncfntrf h lf cgsgihntf lg l`rh`tg cfi g hsquhrlg, lf igscub`nf cfi
f dhi`n`nf hi nós, lf "rhgb`zglf" cfi f "g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf".
ZY
Hssh cgsgihntf cfi f dhi`n`nf nãf à pfssévhb
p fssévhb shnãf qugnlf, cfi Glãf, f Afihi
tfifu cfnsc`ënc`g lf shu bglf hsquhrlf h l`st`nou`u, hntãf, g sug l`rh`tg lg sug
hsquhrlg.
À pfr `ssf quh g cfbung vhrthergb, kç hnrg`zglg nf tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr, nf pr`ih`rf
hstço`f, qugnlf fsóAfihi
lhs`lhnt`d`cgïãf, cfihïg
sh cfnstró` hssh prfchssf nf
vhrlglh`rgihnth lh shounlf
l`schrn`ihntf,
hstço`f,lhcfi g
vhrt`cgb`zgïãf, ng hrhïãf lg cfbung lfrsgb.
G cfbung vhrthergb tfrng-sh hntãf, hi cglg uig lgs sugs vàrthergs, ui bh`tf
nupc`gb b`ehrtglfr h cfnstrut`vf lh hnhro`gs, g d`i lh quh f 5 sh tfrnh 7, g d`i lh
quh cglg ui lfs  lh  lhspfsh f shu cfntrçr`f h quh g buz quh ihroubag ng
trhvg bhvh hstg í buz tftgb.
G cfbung vhrthergb à, pf`s, f buogr pr`v`bho`glf hi quh sh `nshrhi tflgs gs nfssgs
b`ehrtgïøhs, tflgs gs nfssgs rhgb`zgïøhs suchss`vgs, igs tgieài tflfs
t flfs fs nfssfs
ebfquh`fs, tflfs fs nfssfs ihlfs, tflgs gs nfssgs rhcusgs, rhcusgs lh hvfbu`r,
rhcusgs lh lhspfsgr, rhcusgs lh gigr... h tflgs gs thnsøhs,
t hnsøhs, tflfs fs sfdr`ihntfs
quh hbhs ohrgi.
G cfbung vhrthergb `nshrh tgieài fs sfdr`ihntfs nhchssçr`fs, gquhbhs lfs nfssfs
pgrtfs. L`schrn`r fs sfdr`ihntfs pgtfbóo`cfs lfs sfdr`ihntfs `n`c`çt`cfs lhvhr`g shr
f pgphb lf vhrlglh`rf iàl`cf.
Tfbtgrh` g hsth gssuntf.
 

Hsshs lf`s thrifs; rhgb`zglf h nãf-rhgb`zglf hxpb`cgi lf`s gsphctfs hsshnc`g`s lf

vhref aherg`cf. Hbhs hncfntrgi fs lf`s póbfs lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf \fv vhUg
v hUg
 .
\fv  à f rhgb`zglf, Ug  f g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf: f quh sh tfifu buz h f quh
g`nlg hstç ngs trhvgs.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf  ]grth ? –

Igbjauta @

Fs pàs

Nãf pflhifs nfs lhthr nf s`on`d`cglf

s`o n`d`cglf prfdunlf lfs pàs, gss`i cfif nfs `nûihrfs
i`tfs lh quh sãf fekhtf, shi vfbtgr,
v fbtgr, hiefrg erhvhihnth, gf hns`ngihntf lg
Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta.
Bhierhif-nfs lh quh g Çrvfrh erftg lgs rgézhs `nv`sévh`s lf Gæn Gæn-Sfpa,
-Sfpa, ign`dhstg-
sh hi Jhtahr, pr`ih`rg lgs lhz shpa`rfta, h sh hxpgnlh hi Igbjauta, làc`ig h
ûbt`ig shpa`rga, g sàt`ig lgs shth shpa`rfta lg Cr`gïãf.
Hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, hssg Çrvfrh, cukgs rgézhs hstãf nf gbtf gb tf h cukg dfbagohi hstç
hieg`xf, ifstrg-sh-nfs cfif uig çrvfrh `nvhrt`lg.
Frg, f cfrpf auignf, quh bah b ah à shihbagnth, à uig çrvfrh `nvhrt`lg.
`n vhrt`lg.
Nuig rhchnth cfiun`cgïãf, f lfutfr Auehrt Bgrcahr dgz`g nftgr quh g b`nougohi
pfpubgr l`z quh f afihi quh "pbgntg egngnh`rg" cfbfcg g çrvfrh ng pfs`ïãf
cfrrhtg.
F lfutfr Bgrcahr prfsshou`g gchntugnlf quh hssg pfsturg phri`th quh sh pfnag
hi hv`lënc`g f vhrlglh`rf phquhnf
phquhn f un`vhrsf quh g cg`xg tfrçc`cg hnchrrg; g çrvfrh
pubifngr, cfi hdh`tf, hxpgnlh-sh gé sfe f ahb`ftrfp`sif lf cfrgïãf, quh tfig f
buogr lf Sfb h, cfif tgb, er`bag sfe g geóeglg "chbégcg".
Tfbtgrh` g`nlg g dgbgr g rhsph`tf lhssh tr`ånoubf
tr` ånoubf sfbgr.
Só f ihnc`fnf gqu` pgrg `bustrgr
`b ustrgr f rhgb`sif lhssg Çrvfrh auigng, `nvhrt`lg hi
rhbgïãf ís çrvfrhs lgs nfssgs dbfrhstgs, lh quh à cfipbhihntf `nl`scutévhb.
Lgnlf fx`oën`f í çrvfrh pubifngr, g çrvfrh vhrlh rhcheh lhbg f oçs cgreün`cf quh,
pfr sug vhz, ng gbqu`i`g lg cbfrfd`bg (jabürfs; vhrlh), lgrç f fx`oën`f.
Uhprhshntgnlf hsth ûbt`if nf sgnouh f pgphb pgp hb quh cfnahchifs, pflhifs gphngs
cfnstgtgr g hspgntfsg cfipbhihntgr`lglh lg cbfrfd`bg h lf sgnouh, g pfntf lh
pflhr dgbgr lg cfipbhihntgr`lglh lg "Çrvfrh vhrlh" h lg "Çrvfrh vhrihbag", fu lf
"Afihi vhrlh" h lf "Afihi vhrihbaf". 
Ng vhrlglh, hi aherg`cf, Glãf à, ht`ifbfo`cgihnth, "f Afihi vhrihbaf"
(Glgiga à g "thrrg vhrihbag" h Lgi à f "sgnouh").
F "Afihi vhrlh" hstç bfnoh lh l h shr lhscfnahc`lf lgs trës trgl`ïøhs eéeb`cgs;
eéeb` cgs; kç
dgbh`, gnthr`frihnth, lh Sãf Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, f shiprh kfvhi, gquhbh quh dhz f
hbf cfi f l`v`nf.
Hstç `nt`igihnth b`oglf g Hb`gs quh, grrhegtglf phbf cgrrf lh dfof, nãf cfnahch g
ifrth.
H, nf @sbã., Hb`gs à cur`fsgihnth cfndunl`lf cfi f "Afihi " Afihi lh Lhus" quh vhi
`nstru`r If`sàs ng
G hssh afihi, Surgtg QT@@@
g b`thrgturg lf Gbcfrãf,
Gb cfrãf,
iuïubigng cagiglg
cagig "gquh
Jagl`r, Orutg".
quhr l`zhr "shiprh
vhrlh".
Ngs trës trgl`ïøhs lf B`vrf (Kulgésif, Cr`st`gn`sif,
Cr`st` gn`sif, @sbã), f afihi quh rhgb`zfu
tflgs gs ifrths h rhssurrh`ïøhs h quh ngschu ng sug l`ihnsãf l`v`ng à f Afihi
vhrlh (nui ehbéss`if rfignch, Oustgv Ihyr`ncj `ifrtgb`zfu f "Ufstf Thrlh").T hrlh").
G çrvfrh vhrlh à `igohi lf Afihi vhrlh, `stf à, f afihi lh l`ihnsãf l`v`ng.
G Çrvfrh à, hntãf, f séiefbf lh nós ihsifs hi nfssg nfrig fntfbóo`cg h hi
nfssg vfcgïãf hscgtfbóo`cg.
Gb`çs, à hxtrhigihnth cur`fsf bhr nf cgpétubf T@@@ lf Hvgnohbaf lh Igrcfs
(vhrsécubfs 55-54) quh f chof curglf pfr Cr`stf rhcferg uig pr`ih`rg v`sãf h
hxcbgig; "Thkf fs afihns, igs cfif sh dfsshi çrvfrhs quh gnlgi."
Hntãf Cr`stf, nui shounlf thipf, gerh-bah fs fbafs pgrg g v`sãf lf iunlf.
Hsshs lhtgbahs sãf lh cgp`tgb `ipfrtånc`g pgrg f hstulf quh sh shou`rç.
Ng ópt`cg lg çrvfrh `nvhrt`lg, nf névhb lf cfrpf, fs pàs “ quh cfrrhspfnlhi g
Igbjauta
rgézhs “ sãf rgézhs
ihroubagi lg Çrvfrh
ngs trhvgs auigng h drfnlhscënc`g lg Çrvfrh l`v`ng, cukgs
lf G`n-Sfpa.
 

Igbjauta, f Uh`nf, à f rhchptçcubf

r hchptçcubf lh tflgs gs hnhro`gs l`v`ngs v`nlgs lf gbtf.
Làc`ig shpa`rga, hbg à g suestånc`g l`v`ng `ncr`glg h cr`glfrg.
Cr`glfrg, dgz-sh Ohrih ng Grvfrh auigng.
Fs aherhus cagigi-ng "g Ug`nag", gquhbg g quhi sãf cfnd`glfs tflfs fs pflhrhsp flhrhs
lf Uh` (Jhtahr).
Hbg tgieài à cagiglg g "T`rohi lh @srghb".
À gquhbg quh lhvh cfnchehr h, nhssh shnt`lf, à iãh lh tflg v`lg.
À g Cr`gïãf `nth`rg h tgieài cglg ui lh nós hi pgrt`
pgrt`cubgr,
cubgr, quh rhcgp`tubgifs
tflgqugb`lglh
Ng g Cr`gïãf.lh sàt`ig shpa`rga lg Cr`gïãf fu lg "phquhng dgch l`v`ng", Igbjauta
cfrrhspfnlh gf sàt`if l`g lf Oënhsh, l`g lf Sageegt () hi quh, hstgnlf g
Ferg cfncbuélg, phrdh`tg, Lhus Sh rht`rg.
Hbh Sh rht`rg h nãf Sh rht`rg, pf`s dgzhnlf-Sh "egsh" ( Saht) lg Sug Cr`gïãf (),
à nhbg quh Hbh sh rhduo`g.
Hbh Sh dgz Ohrih, Ohrih quh g bhtrg Pfl (), s`iefb`zg.
Làc`ig bhtrg lf gbdgehtf, f Pfl lhb`nh`g f \htrgorgig l`v`nf quh fs aherhus
cagigi AgSahi (F Nfih) h quh rhcgp`tubg
r hcgp`tubg tflfs fs Nfihs.
Hsths hstãf rhsphct`vgihnth `nscr`tfs nf cfrgïãf lh cglg ui lh nós.
Cglg ui lhbhs cfnst`tu` f nfssf nûcbhf, quh à g`nlg g nfssg "phssfg", gquhbg g
quh sfifs cagiglfs g nfs tfrngr.
Cglg ui lh nós, afihns fu iubahrhs, à T`rohi lh @srghb, cfi f phsf lf Nfih,
cagiglg g trgzë-bf gf iunlf. 

@ssf vhi cfnd`rigr g hxphr`ënc`g lh quh dgbh` gnthr`frihnth ng cfnthipbgïãf lf

Sgntf Nfih  .
 

Nhssg phrsphct`vg, fs pàs lf Afihi, quh cfrrhspfnlhi g Igbjauta, s`iefb`zgi f

Afihi ng lugb`lglh lh "T`rohi lh @srghb" h lh iãh, cagiglg g trgzhr gf iunlf
pgrt` c`pgïãf lh .
f shu Npih l`v`nf, pgrt`c`pgïãf
Fs pàs cfntëi g tftgb`lglh lgs hnhro`gs g rhgb`zgr h hnchrrgi f shorhlf lf Nfih.
Hbhs s`iefb`zgi f nfssf dhi`n`nf, f bglf sfier`f  lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
F pà thi g dfrig lh ui ohrih, dfrig lgqu`bf quh f Afihi à nf shu pfntf lh
pgrt`lg hi tflg g sug pfthnc`gb`lglh, qugnlf sh egnag ngs çougs igtr`c`g`s.
Hssg dfrig à lhthri`nglg phbf ohrih l`v`nf, f Nfih, quh, phbf cfrlãf uie`b`cgb,
hstç b`oglf g Hbfa`i.
Nf vhntrh lg iãh, g pbgchntg à séiefbf lf Hbfa`i nutr`lfr.
G pbgchntg, `riã oëihg lf dhtf, kç quh sh lhsprhnlh lf óvubf `n`c`gb, hstç cfi f
dhtf ng rhbgïãf quh b`og Hbfa`i g .
Uhbgïãf i`sthr`fsg, uig vhz quh sh trgtg lh ui ûn`cf Lhus hi lugs dunïøhs
l`dhrhnths, un`lgs h l`st`ntgs, igs cukg l`dhrhnïg cfnst`tu` f própr`f fekhtf lg
Cr`gïãf.
Gpós g hxpubsãf lg pbgchntg dfrigb, nf ngsc`ihntf, uig pbgchntg v`rtugb b`og
Hbfa`i gf Afihi, b`og Hbfa`i g , quh Hbfa`i euscg nf Afihi.

Fntfbfo`cgihnth,
]rhc`shifs f ]g`l`dhrhnths
ehi hssgs euscg nf Afihi
dunïøhs flfD`baf.
cr`glf hi rhbgïãf
r hbgïãf gf @ncr`glf; g
Cr`gïãf, d`bag lh Hbfa`i-]g`, à cagiglg g tfigr-sh Sug Hspfsg.
G Cr`gïãf, quh hstç tflg cfnt`lg hi Igbjauta,
Igbjauta , à v`rohi, orçv`lg lg cr`gnïg l`v`ng
quh hbg à cagiglg g trgzhr gf iunlf.
Cglg ui lh nós, afihns fu iubahrhs, hnqugntf Igbjauta, à v`rohi h Iãh.
Cglg ui lh nós à tgieài f hspfsf quh phnhtrg Igbjauta pgrg sh pür nf iunlf
gtà g l`ihnsãf lh D`baf-Pfl.
Cglg ui lh nós tfig-sh, hntãf, hssh D`baf.
Gss`i lh`d`cglfs, tfrngif-nfs Hspfsg (Igbjauta rhgb`zglg) hi rhbgïãf g Lhus-
Hspfsf.
Lhspfsglfs pfr Lhus, sfifs cfrfglfs (Jhtahr) h hntrgifs ng Uhgbhzg.  
Gs hnhro`gs lhscr`tgs nfs sh`s l`gs lf Oënhs`s
Oënhs` s sãf f nfssf pfthnc`gb lh rhgb`zgïãf:
sãf f dbuxf hrót`cf dunlgihntgb quh l`r`oh
l` r`oh g hspfsg pgrg f Hspfsf.
Ê pfr `ssf quh f pà, Uhouhb , à tgieài g "dhstg" (tgbvhz f "rhogbf"6).

H àtflgs
Z‒ gs hxprhssøhs
dgntçst`cf"Y pfpubgrhs
h prhnlrh ZdrgnchsgsY
sfn p`hl b`oglgs
Z"thr prgzhr"Y, gf pà, tg`s
hxpr`ihi cfifh,c'hst
g dhstg bh p`hl
nf ig`s lgs
 

vhzhs, uig dhstg hrót`cg quh nãf thi nglg g vhr cfi f hncfntrf lf Hspfsf l`v`nf,
igs quh fntfbfo`cgihnth prfihth hssh hncfntrf.
F lrgig lg quhlg, v`fbgïãf lhssgs hnhro`gs phbf dgbsf hspfsf Sgtgnçs, à
hxprhssglf nf i`tf eéeb`cf phbf dhr`ihntf
dhr` ihntf nfs pàs.
Nfssfs pàs hstãf dhr`lfs.
7. Fs ]às lf Afihi Hstãf Dhr`lfs
Glãf trgnsorhl`u gs nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs lh quh dgbh` gnthr`frihnth.
sh shpgrfu
Hbh cfrtfu lf Pfl,
g própr`g lf l`v`nf, lf shu pr`ncép`f, lf shu tr`ånoubf suphr`fr.
cgehïg
Ig`s hxgtgihnth, rhkh`tfu gs `ndfrigïøhs lf Pfl, pf`s hsquhchu g sug fntfbfo`g
prfdunlg.
Uhcfer`u-sh, hntãf, lh uig cgehïg dgbsg, uig içscgrg, pgról`g lf pr`ih`rf
tr`ånoubf.
Nf shu névhb, @nthb`oënc`g h Sgehlfr`g nãf sãf ig`s l`v`ngs.
Hbgs nãf prhs`lhi ig`s g rhgb`zgïãf lg vfcgïãf lf Afihi, quh à g cfnqu`stg lf
Uh`nf l`v`nf nf `nthr`fr lh s` ihsif.
Igs hbgs trgnsdhrhi hssh lhshkf pgrg g cfnqu`stg lf Uh`nf hxthr`fr g s` ihsif,
cfnqu`stg lh Igbjauta shpgrglf lf Jhtahr, quh sh tfig f cfsifs ûn`cf, quh f
Afihi `onfrg quh f bhvgb hvg hi s` h cukgs cagvhs pfssu`.
\ulf gcfnthch cfif sh, hi buogr lh sue`r gf bfnof lg Çrvfrh, pgrg sug kustg
rhgb`zgïãf, gs hnhro`gs lf Afihi hscfrrhsshi pgrg f névhb né vhb lfs pàs “ Igbjauta “ 
phbf eurgcf gehrtf lh ui dhr`ihntf.
H`s pfr quh vgifs vhr g auign`lglh, gtrgvàs lfs shus b`vrfs sgorglfs, shus i`tfs
h shus cfntfs, hxprhssgr lfbfrfsgihnth shu hrrf hrr f grrgstgnlf ui pà dhr`lf cfi
Àl`pf, vubnhrçvhb cfi Gqu`bhs, ifrl`lf phbg shrphnth cfi Hvg.
Lhpf`s lhscfer`rhifs gs pr`iéc`gs lh uig curg cfi Kgcfe, quh shourg ng iãf, gf
ngschr, f cgbcgnagr lh Hsgû, shu `riãf.
Thrhifs, hntãf, hsefïgr-sh f ifv`ihntf lh phn`tënc`g lg auign`lglh cfi Igr`g
Iglgbhng, g prfst`tuélg, quh unoh cfi phrduihs fs pàs p às lh Cr`stf h fs hnxuog cfi
fs cgehbfs.
]grt`c`pgrhifs, hnd`i, lg curg tftgb lg auign`lglh cfi fs gpóstfbfs lh quhi,
gnths lg Ch`g, Cr`stf, f iàl`cf lf cfsifs, bgvg fs pàs.
Curgr f dhr`ihntf, shpgrgr-sh lf dgbsf hspfsf
h spfsf h rhcfnst`tu`r gs hnhro`gs ngs sugs
"thrrgs" `nthr`frhs rhsphct`vgs à rhst`tu`r g Igbjauta g vfcgïãf dhi`n`ng.
Igtr`z un`vhrsgb, Igbjauta à iãh lh tflg v`lg.v` lg.
Dfrïg ohri`nglfrg, hbg hxgbtg f pflhr l`v`nf.
l` v`nf.
Iunlf fescurf, suethrrånhf, hbg ihroubag gs hntrgnags nfs grquàt`pfs ge`ssg`s,
rhdbhxfs lfs grquàt`pfs l`v`nfs, hi quh sh fphrgi fs bhntfs prfchssfs lh ifrth h
lh rhssurrh`ïãf, quh sãf fs lf`s póbfs lh uig ihsig rhgb`lglh.
 

Sfe f séiefbf lgs T`rohns nhorgs

nho rgs ,Igbjauta à g suestånc`g suprhig, g `nd`n`tg
pfss`e`b`lglh un`vhrsgb lf Gæn-Sfpa, g quh lhvh
l hvh cfnchehr.
Lhshnvfbvhnlf g `igohi lh Igbjauta, rg`nag h v`rohi lh @srghb, fs i`tfs
i` tfs
hxprhssgi f lrgig lg quhlg, cafrgnlf f ]g` gssgss`nglf, f rh` ifrtf, g rg`nag
rg`na g
v`ûvg h f d`baf órdãf.
Tgz`g, hbg sh tfifu g v`rohi lh @srghb, vgz`g lf Hspfsf-]g`, quh g cagig h quh hbg
nãf fuvh.
Nf Ho`tf, hbg à és`s quh
q uh cafrg h euscg lhshsphrglgihnth Fsér`s.
Hi @srghb,
vhntrh hbg àhstàr`b).
tfiglf gquhbg cukf d`baf órdãf ifrrh (f Pfl ifrrh hi ohrih nf shu
Igs fs thxtfs eéeb`cfs nãf chssgrãf lh phl`r prfthïãf pgrg "g v`ûvg h f órdãf".
Kfe, ng sug bgihntgïãf, prfvg sug `nfcënc`g h bhierg quh hbh "sfcfrr`g f órdãf h
hnca`g lh gbhor`g f cfrgïãf lg v`ûvg" (Kó, QQ@Q; 75-73).
Nãf à f d`baf lh uig v`ûvg quh f rh` Sgbfiãf ignlg euscgr pgrg cfnstru`r f
\hipbf (@ Us, T@@; 7<)6
Nãf à gf d`baf lg v`ûvg lh \sgrpagtga ("g Drgnïg", hi aherg`cf) quh Hb`gs rhst`tu` g
v`lg (@ Us, QT@@; 57-5<)6
À f d`baf lg v`ûvg
v` ûvg lh Ng`i quh Cr`stf rrhssusc`tg
hssusc`tg (Bc, T`b; 75-7?) (Ng`i, hi
aherg`cf, à "f quh à prhc`fsf").
"Uhcfnstru`r, sfcfrrhr, rhssusc`tgr"... ]flhr`g hvfcgr futrfs thrifs hi futrfs
iu`tfs hxhipbfs: tflfs sãf thsthiunaf lg Uhssurrh`ïãf lf órdãf h lg vfbtg lg
gbhor`g gf cfrgïãf lg v`ûvg. 
Nf i`stàr`f lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg, Pfl df` ifrtf, Aà-Tgv-Aà d`cfu v`ûvg.
Hstgifs bhierglfs lh quh hi , f  Tgv, f 4 s`iefb`zg f Afihi, Glãf cr`glf
nf 4» l`g.
]fr cfnshou`nth, Ag-Glgiga, g \hrrg, g quh lhu ngsc`ihntf g Glãf, d`cfu v`ûvg.
Glãf d`cfu órdãf.
Nf pbgnf lf cfrpf auignf, g cgehïg df` cfrtglg, fs pàs hstãf vgz`fs.
Hstgr`gi gesfbutgihnth vgz`fs6
À rhtfignlf g b`nougohi lfs i`tfs quh dgbh` lf "]g` gssgss`nglf".
Igs hssh gssgss`ngtf só pflh shr rhgb nf pbgnf
p bgnf lg quhlg, nf pbgnf hx`sthnc`gb lf
Afihi. Glãf sh shpgrfu lf l`v`nf, igs f l`v`nf à, h nãf pflh ifrrhr.
Glãf sh shpgrfu lf ]g`, igs nãf pülh "igtgr f ]g`", g nãf shr hi sug cfnsc`ënc`g.
Sgélf lf Àlhn, phrlhu f cfnahc`ihntf lf l`v`nf, igs f l`v`nfl` v`nf cfnt`nug hnogstglf
nhbh cfif ui `nv`sévhb v`trgb hi shus cauiefs.
G `igohi l`v`ng hstç prfdunlgihnth rhcgbcglg nhbh, cfehrtg cfi uig içscgrg “ 
gb`çs, uig içscgrg lh cauief, cukf s`iefb`sif vhrhifs ig`s gl`gnth “ igs nãf
gbthrglg.
Hssh rhcgbcgihntf à, cfntulf, tãf prfdunlf, quh gofrg ui ge`sif shpgrg f
auignf lf l`v`nf.
F drgnquhgihntf lhssh ge`sif à quh cfnst`tu` f fekhtf lg `nsfnlçvhb `nqu`htulh
lg auign`lglh.
Hstg f hxpr`ih, hi hstglf purf,
pur f, hi sug grth, hi shus cgntfs, hi sug b`thrgturg
sgorglg, cfif tgieài hi shu dfbcbfrh.
Hbg f prfkhtg nf pbgnf
pb gnf pséqu`cf h f hxpr`ih, nhssh névhb, nuig suchssãf cfndusg h
nfstçbo`cg, bfof lhsfrogn`zglg, chlhnlf hntãf f pgssf g ui dbuxf lhifnégcf
l hifnégcf quh
uig ihl`c`ng gonóst`cg nãf à cgpgz lh hstgncgr.
G ngturhzg fntfbóo`cg lf Afihi à ui cgsgihntf.
G b`thrgturg eéeb`cg cgntg-g iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth gss`i; g nf`vg, g hspfsg, g ehi- ehi -
giglg, thrifs quh vfbtgi cfnstgnthihnth í efcg lf sgbi`stg fu lf prfdhtg. p rfdhtg.
Igs, pfr giefs, g prfst`tutg tgieài à lhnunc`glg phbf dgtf lh sh thr hntrhouh g
ui dgbsf hspfsf.
Cfntulf, f vhrlglh`rf hspfsf rhkh`tglf hstç bç.
F tr`ånoubf
v`lg g tflf suphr`fr, lh`xgnlf-sh
f cfrpf, tgntf qugntf cfer`r cfirhchehr,
hsth pflh u ig içscgrg,
uig cfnt`nug
shi f quh g hnv`gr g
hbh shr`g
gn`qu`bglf.
 

"Nãf thr`gs pflhr gboui sh nãf th

t h dfssh lglf lf gbtf" (Kf, Q@Q; 77).
Nãf, fs pàs nãf hstãf vgz`fs.
Igs f Afihi nãf thi cfnsc`ënc`g lf quh hbhs cfntëi.
\hnthifs, kuntfs, g pgrt`r lfs nfihs quh hncferhi f i`stàr`f, gt`no`r hssg
cfnsc`ënc`g.
]grg tgntf, à kustf nãf shpgrgr fs lf`s
l f`s póbfs lf cgsgihntf fntfbóo`cf h hstulgr
hntãf gs lugs pgbgvrgs;
"Cgehïg" “ Uh`sa , 3==-7-5==, fu "cahdh" “ , 3==-7=-5== h
"pà" “ Uhouh` , 3=-3-5==.
Shu vgbfr nuiàr`cf cfbfcg-nfs nf cgi`naf chrtf; egb`zglfs hntrh f 3= fu f 3== “ 
hsshs lf`s nfihs hxpr`ihi g ihsig `là`g, uig nf pbgnf ign`dhstglf, futrg nf
pbgnf cósi`cf “ h f 5==, só fs nûihrfs lf ih`f iulgi.
Nf névhb lg cgehïg f 7 fu 7= hxpr`ih g un`lglh l`v`ng, quh, pgssgnlf phbf
"pr`sig" lg ign`dhstgïãf “ nfs pàs., sh rhvhbg cfif shnlf 3.
\r`nlglh lh pr`ncép`fs, fu tr`-un`lglh
tr` -un`lglh lh phssfgs, f trës, hi tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs, à
Xi.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, g cgehïg h fs pàs sãf g ihsig pgbgvrg.
Sh g cgehïg, nf gbtf, à uig rhcgp`tubgïãf lh tflf f cfrpf, hieg`xf, fs pàs
tgieài g rhcgp`tubgi h cgrrhogi shu duturf  hi pfthnc`gb.
]frài, sh f afihi phrlhu cfnsc`ënc`g lf Gbhpa, f Gbhpa `ndfrig shiprh fs pàs,
quh ougrlgi ng bhtrg Ou`ihb g dfrïg fcubtg lf l`v`nf (Gbhpa 7 fu Pfl 7=).
Sãf `nûihrgs gs obfsgs sferh hssh Ou`ihb, g bhtrg "O" lgs bénougs nhfbgt`ngs,
i`sthr`fsgihnth orgvglg nf chntrf lg hstrhbg lh c`ncf pfntgs lfs `n`c`glfs, h g
bhtrg orhog Γhntãf
]grhch-nfs , tãf cgrg gfs p`tgoór`cfs.
hv`lhnth vhr nhbg g trgnsdhrënc`g lg trgnschnlënc`g l`v`ng Xng
hi sug `ignënc`g tr`ng.
Pfl tfrng-sh hntãf Ofl, Ofta ...
H, qugnlf v`ifs gnthr`frihnth quh, nf névhb lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg, sh Pfl à
gssgss`nglf, Aà-Tgv-Aà 8-4-8 d`cg v`ûvg, nftgifs quh  Agvg 8-4-1 fu 8-4 (8 +
3) “ quh à Hvg, pflhr`g g`nlg shr hscr`tf .
F nfih à, hntãf, f lh Oahg, lhusg lg \hrrg hntrh fs orhofs.
G \hrrg hstç v`ûvg.
Hvg hstç v`ûvg, igs cgrrhog hi sugs hntrgnags f ohrih lg v`lg lf Hspfsf.
G bhtrg "O" nãf thi futrg dfrig quh g lf ohrih.
H f i`stàr`f cr`stãf `rç lhshnrfbgr-sh lhpf`s quh f prfdhtg [gcgr`gs t`vhr hnchrrglf
f Gnt`of \hstgihntf cfi hstg pgbgvrg lf Gnkf; "H`s quh dgrh` v`r ihu shrvf, f
Ohrih" ([c, 777;1).
Ng phrsphct`vg cr`stã, g hncgrngïãf lh Cr`stf à g cgi`naglg lf l`v`nf lhschnlf hi
Igbjauta, fs pàs cósi`cfs (b`oglfs gf s`iefb`sif lfs ph`xhs), gf hncfntrf lf
Afihi, cukg dhr`lg hbh curg, h quh hbh grrgncg gf shu tfrpfr ifrtgb pgrg bhvç-bf í
cfnqu`stg lh sug cgehïg cósi`cg, lfs shus vhrlglh`rfs hspfnsg`s.
Hbh Sh dgz ohrih pgrg lhsphrtgr hi cglg ui f shu ohrih l`v`nf h pgrg dgzë-bf
tfrngr-sh Çrvfrh vhrlh, Çrvfrh lh v`lg.
Wugnlf f Afihi cahog g hssg cfnqu`stg, f Ou`ihb vfbtfu g shr Pfl, h sh hstgr`g
thntglf g bhr  gf `nvàs lh .
Gs trës bhtrgs , hi drgncës, rhsubtgi dfnht`cgihnth nf vfcçeubf rfygb.
Nãf sh trgtg lh uig s`ipbhs cf`nc`lënc`g.
F afihi quh gbcgnïfu g un`lglh
un` lglh à rh`, h à, hntãf, "cfrfglf".
F Pfl (7=) pflh tgieài shr suest`tuélf phbf Gbhpa  (7): g pgbgvrg tfrng-sh hntãf
ràgb fu ràhb (hi drgncës).
G rhgb`lglh à g rhgbhzg.
F phrsfngohi lg a`hrgrqu`g hcbhs`çst`cg cr`stã quh, s`iefb`cgihnth, gt`no`u hssh
hstglf à f e`spf.
T`ifs hssh a`hrgrcg "cruzgr gs cagigs" lurgnth g b`turo`g hp`scfpgb, s`on`d`cgnlf
cfi `ssf quh, cgi`nagnlf hi l`rhïãf gf Bgfs, gf pfvf rhgb (bh`of), hbh pgssg lf
 

tr`ånoubf suphr`fr quh hncgrng gf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf fnlh hssh pfvf d`cg
hsphrgnlf (ig`s hxgtgihnth, "hi ohstgïãf").
T`vhnlf f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, hssg rhgbhzg, f e`spf à cfrfglf, à "sgorglf".
Nhssh névhb, g cgehïg kuntg-sh lh nfvf gfs pàs.
p às.
Thifs, hntãf, nf Fc`lhnth, quh gs i`trgs hp`scfpg`s lhshnagi g cgehïg lh ui
ph`xh hi hscgbglg vhrt`cgb ruif gf Càu.
Fs pàs hstãf b`oglfs gf s`onf zfl`gcgb lh "]h`xhs".
F gnchstrgb cgblg`cf lf e`spf à Fi`nhs, f lhus-ph`xh,
lhu s-ph`xh, quh hns`nfu gfs afihns g
Ihl`c`ng,
Shr`g g Grqu`thturg,
prhc`sf g Gor`cubturg,
tgieài nftgr g hx`stënc`ghtc.
lhssgs hspgntfsgs cgehïgs lh afihns-
ph`xhs, cukg fr`ohi à s`tuglg nf f`tgvf i`bën`f gnths lh Khsus Cr`stf.  

Wugb f shu s`on`d`cglf6

Nãf hstgrãf hbgs rhbgc`fnglgs gf ph`xh sfe cukg d`ourg gpgrhch f pr`ih`rf gvgtgr
T`sanu,
]r`ih`rf]r`ncép`f
gvgtgr lfcfnshrvglfr lg \r`iûrt`
Afihi, gcgsf f ohriha`nlu6
tgieài nãf v`vh, cfif ui ph`xh, ngs
çougs igtr`c`g`s6
]grhch quh, shkg qugb dfr sug `lglh,
` lglh, g Auign`lglh cfnahchu fu cfnahch f shnt`lf
prfdunlf lh sug vfcgïãf h f hxpr`ih gtrgvàs lg dbfrhscënc`g lh shus séiefbfs h lh
shus i`tfs.

]grt`nlf lfs pàs, f Afihi v`vf lhvh l hvh crhschr cfif uig çrvfrh h gt`no`r g cgehïg,
hi quh sh iubt`pb`cgi fs drutfs.
"Crhsch` h iubt`pb`cg`-vfs." Df` g frlhi quh Glãf rhchehu g pgrt`r lg sug cr`gïãf.
Nui pbgnf dés`cf, fs pàs pfthnc`gb`zgi f cfrpf lf Afihi `nth`rf.
À pfr `ssf quh g grth lg gcupunturg, nuig lgs sugs gefrlgohns lf cfrpf, à
prgt`cglg nf névhb lfs pàs, cukgs hihroënc`gs hnhroàt`cgs,
hnhroàt` cgs, pfntuglgs cfi
hxgt`lãf, rht`nhi sferh fs ihr`l`gnfs cfrrhspfnlhnths nf névhb né vhb lg tftgb`lglh lf
cfrpf. 
Nhssg ópt`cg, fs lhlfs lfs pàs cfrrhspfnlhi í pgrth chdçb`cg lf cfrpf: f
cgbcgnagr, gf ånus.
Lhtgbagnlf g`nlg ig`s hssg ópt`cg, f pfbhogr lf pà sfz`naf pflh shr v`stf cfif
ui phquhnf pà.
(F "phquhnf pfbhogr" nãf `r`g
`r` g cfntrgl`zhr gs i`nags pgbgvrgs!)
 

Hi ehbéss`ifs gdrhscfs ege`bün`cfs, vë-sh f ouhrrh`rf gkfhbaglf l`gnth lf rh` gnths

lh `r pgrg g egtgbag.
Hstç cfi ui lfs kfhbafs hi thrrg, g pbgntg lf pà hstç vfbtglg pgrg f Càu, cfi
hxchïãf lf pfbhogr.
F pfbhogr rhpfusg hntãf sfz`naf ng thrrg, cfif pgrg lhbg rhchehr, nhssh névhb
iu`tf prhc`sf lh cfntgtf, f `ipubsf v`tgb lh quh f ouhrrh`rf nhchss`tg.
Hssh pfntf lh cfntgtf à hntãf "pfntuglf" phbg thrrg: thi f nfih lh "Dfnth quh
 kfrrg".
Cfnahch hssh pfntf lh gcupunturg f Ihstrh a`nlu (Sar` N`sgroglgttg Igagrglk)
quh l`z gf shu l`scépubf;
l` scépubf;
 

 
"Hi Igrgta`, g pgbgvrg pà s`on`d`cg '`néc`f lf ifihntf'...
ifih ntf'... Eusquh f `néc`f gesfbutf,
f dfrrf lg dfnth, f pr`ih`rf `nstgnth lh cfnsc`ënc`g..."
Sh f l`scépubf hncfntrgr hssh "pr`ih`rf `nstgnth
` nstgnth gesfbutf", tfigr-sh-ç f vhrlglh`rf
"ouhrrh`rf" h pflhrç pgrt`r pgrg g cfnqu`stg lf shu rh`nf `nthr`fr.
Wugnlf f Afihi, hi ift`vgïøhs vg`lfsgs quh sferhssghi nf pbgnf pb gnf lh ui agvhr
nãf kustf, lhsphkg pgrg f hxthr`fr lh s` ihsif gs prhc`fsgs hnhro`gs cfnt`lgs nf
pà, hsth ûbt`if thsthiunag `ncagïøhs lg gbig.
G b`nougohi pfpubgr `rfn`zg g rhsph`tf lfs
lf s cahv`bbhs hnd`hs Z"grthbafs `ncaglfs"Y.
H nuihrfsfs `nc`lhnths nf névhb lhssh ihierf “ drgturg, hntfrsh, htc. “ nãf sãf
futrg cf`sg quh g sfigt`zgïãf s`on`d`cgt`vg lh ui hrrf prfdunlf.
p rfdunlf.
\flg lfhnïg à s`on`d`cgt`vg.
G lf pà lhnunc`g
l hnunc`g uig dgbsg pgrt`lg nf cgi`naf lf crhsc`ihntf.
G pr`ih`rg pgrt`lg lh tflf
tfl f crhsc`ihntf à rhgb`zglg ng `ndånc`g.
F pà hstç b`oglf í `ndånc`g, cfif v`ifs, h, hsphc`d`cgihnth, í `ndånc`g `ntrguthr`ng. 
Gbài lf"pà",
pgbgvrg ig`s,]fus
hi orhof, g pgbgvrg "cr`gnïg", ]g`s “]g`lfs, hstç iu`tf próx`ig lg
“ ]flfs.
Hi aherg`cf, agvhr`g uig phrdh`tg afifnéi`g h, pfrtgntf, uig rhbgïãf ént`ig.
G vfcgïãf lf Afihi à lhthri`nglg lhslh f vhntrh igthrnf.
Hbg hstç `nscr`tg nf Nfih quh hbh rhcheh lf Thref cr`glfr.
Hbg tgieài hstç `nscr`tg, hnqugntf pfssévhb rhgb`zgïãf, ng qugb`lglh lg tgïg
igthrng, quh gé f n`l`d`cg.
]hbg iãh, lhslh g `ndånc`g `ntrguthr`ng, f Afihi pflh `n`c`gr hssg pgrt`lg.
Egnagnlf-sh g`nlg nfs ge`sifs lg sug oënhsh, f Afihi dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lh
Igbjauta.
Nãf pflhifs dgbgr, cfntulf, hi cgi`naglg cfnsc`hnth.
]hbf cfntrçr`f, f glubtf, quh pgssfu lf Agvhr gf Shr phbg "]frtg Hstrh`tg" lf
cgi`naf Afl-Nhtsga, h quh gssuih cfnsc`hnthihnth g pbhn`tulh lh sug
hncgrngïãf, gt`noh g shpa`rga \`pahrhta.
Nf hsquhig lgs Hnhro`gs L`v`ngs, \`pahrhta (Cfrgïãf-Ehbhzg), rhdbhxf lh Jhtahr h
G`n rhûnh h ign`dhstg tflgs gs pfss`e`b`lglhs
p fss`e`b`lglhs l`v`ngs hi tgntfs Grquàt`pfs qugntgs
sãf gs shpa`rfta h sugs gnt`nfi`gs.
Hbg à f cuef, f chntrf lg rflg sfbgr quh b`og f gbtf h f eg`xf, g hsquhrlg h g l`rh`tg
h tulf hnbgïg nf dfof l`v`nf lg agrifn`g pr`nc`pgb.
Nf névhb lgs hnhro`gs auigngs, gquhbh quh hntrg nhssh ture`baãf à prhc`p`tglf
shounlf f vhtfr lfs rg`fs lg rflg i`crf h igcrfcósi`cg ng hxphr`ënc`g lg ig`fr
prfdunl`lglh lf Chntrf quh rhûnh tflgs gs pfss`e`b`lglhs auigngs.
Hbh v`vh f cgsgihntf h g trgnspfs`ïãf lh tflgs gs gnt`nfi`gs pgrg gt`no`r g
hxphr`ënc`g `nhdçvhb lf cfrgïãf l`v`nf.
F Afihi à, hntãf, bhvglf ng ig`fr prfdunlhzg lfs ge`sifs g Igbjauta gnths lh
shr hbhvglf gf ig`s sueb`ih.
Nãf quhrf gnthc`pgr, dgbgnlf gqu` lhssg "lhsc`lg gfs buogrhs
b uogrhs `ndhr`frhs", g nãf shr
pgrg l`zhr quh sfihnth nhssh névhb lf quh à v`v`lf cfnsc`hnthihnth à quh f
Afihi dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lf Igbjauta.
Sfihnth nhssh névhb hbh hspfsg rhgbihnth Igbjauta , g Ug`nag T`rohi h Iãh.
G orgnlhzg lfs i`stàr`fs lh @srghb, rhgb`zglfs pfr Cr`stf, cfns`sth, hsshnc`gbihnth,
n`ssf; quh f Afihi lhvh hspfsgr g Iãh lgs prfdunlhzgs, lh quh tflg iãh
e`fbóo`cg à séiefbf, gnths lh shr hbhvglf gtà f ]g`.
\flf shr auignf thi hssg vfcgïãf. 
 

Igs tflg iubahr, hi pgrt`cubgr, thi tgieài g vfcgïãf lh hncgrngr Igbbcauta h lh

shr igtr`z g cglg ifihntf lg sug v`lg, póbf lh iutgïãf pgrg s` ihsig, pgrg fs
fs
shus h pgrg g auign`lglh.
Uhcusgr hssg vfcgïãf à rhcusgr-sh g hntrgr nf pbgnf fntfbóo`cf.
Nf i`tf orhof, Àl`pf lhspfsg g própr`g iãh.
5. Àl`pf fu f ]à @ncaglf
Wuhi à Àl`pf6
Shu
À nfih
d`baf s`on`d`cg
lh Bg`f "pà `ncaglf".
("f Hsquhrlf") h nhtf lh Bgelgcf ("f Cfxf"), cukf gvü à Cglif,
dunlglfr lh \hegs.
Àl`pf à f rhehntf lh uig dgiéb`g rhgb.
\flf afihi à lh fntfbfo`g rhgb.
\hegs à g c`lglh sgntg hntrh fs orhofs (f ihsif quh Khrusgbài hntrh fs aherhus).
F afihi quh age`tg g sug c`lglh `nthr`fr hstç cfnsc`hnth lg sug cfxhglurg, lg
sug sfierg dhi`n`ng, lf shu bglf hsquhrlf g lhspfsgr.
Igs f cgsgb Bg`f-Kfcgstg à hstàr`b.
Bg`f h Kfcgstg hncfntrgi-sh hi Lhbdfs pgrg fuv`r lf frçcubf quh thrãf ui d`baf,
igs quh hssh d`baf igtgrç f pg` h lhspfsgrç g iãh.
Àl`pf à hssg cr`gnïg.
Nf shu ngsc`ihntf, Àl`pf à cfnd`glf g ui lfs shrv`lfrhs lf pgbçc`f, quh lhvhrç
dgzhr cfi quh g cr`gnïg lhsgpgrhïg, thnlf Bg`f lhc`l`lf shpgrgr lh s` hssh d`baf,
d`ba f,
cukf lhst`nf hbh nhog quh sh rhgb`zh (igs tgbvhz pfssgifs phnsgr f cfntrçr`f;
"pgrg quh hbh sh rhgb`zh"!).
r hgb`zh"!).
G cr`gnïg à, hntãf, prhsg phbf cgbcgnagr g uig çrvfrh lg dbfrhstg, hi quh d`cg
hxpfstg ís dhrgs shbvgohns.
Hbg à rhcfba`lg pfr pgstfrhs lh Cfr`ntf, quh, pgssgnlf pfr bç, bhvglfs phbg
cfipg`xãf, cfnd`gi-ng gf rh` h í rg`nag lhssh pgés.
Glftglf pfr hsths, Àl`pf crhsch kuntf lhbhs gtà f l`g hi quh, nãf sh shnt`nlf lg
sug rgïg, lhc`lh `nvhst`ogr f shorhlf lf shu ngsc`ihntf.
]grth pgrg Lhbdfs h d`cg sgehnlf, phbf frçcubf, lf lhst`nf dgtgb quh bah hstç
rhshrvglf.
Nhognlf gquhbh g quhi hbh cfns`lhrg lrgiçt`cf, Àl`pf nãf rhtfig f cgi`naf lh
Cfr`ntf, fnlh ifrgi fs quh hbh crë shrhi fs shus pg`s.
\fig g hstrglg lh \hegs, g lf shu lhst`nf rhgb.
\hegs hstç hntãf gssfbglg pfr ui ifnstrf quh ougrlg g sug hntrglg h lhvfrg
tflfs fs quh sh gprhshntgi í pfrtg lg c`lglh h nãf lhc`drgi f hn`oig quh hbh
bahs prfpøh.
Bg`f l`r`oh-sh pgrg Lhbdfs pgrg cfnsubtgr f l`v`nf
l` v`nf Gpf`f g rhsph`tf lhssg
cgbgi`lglh, hnqugntf
Fs lf`s sh cruzgi nuiÀl`pf sh gprfx`ig
cgi`naf lh \hegs.
hrif h hstrh`tf.
F cgrrf lf rh` hsigog f pà lh Àl`pf.
Dur`fsf, Àl`pf vfbtg-sh cfntrg f cfnlutfr h f igtg.
Lhscfnahchnlf g`nlg f dgtf, Àl`pf igtfu f própr`f
próp r`f pg`.
Cahog ís pfrtgs lh \hegs, fnlh d`cg sgehnlf quh f rh` ifrrhrg h quh g rg`nag
Kfcgstg prfihth g cfrfg, h pfrtgntf g sug iãf, íquhbh quh b`ehrtgr g c`lglh lf
ifnstrf. 
Hssh thiévhb ifnstrf à uig Hsd`noh.
\htrgifrdf, hbh thi pàs lh tfurf, cfrpf lh bhãf, gsgs lh çou`g h rfstf lh iubahr.
Àl`pf lhc`lh hndrhntç-bg.
“ Wugb à f gn`igb quh, phrignhchnlf f ihsif, cgi`nag sferh qugtrf pàs phbg
ignaã, sferh lf`s pàs gf ih`f-l`g h sferh trës gf hntgrlhchr6 “ phrountg-bah g
Hsd`noh.
“ F Afihi “ rhspfnlh Àl`pf, quh, lh gschnlënc`g rhgb h fehlhchnlf í sug

hx`oënc`g
Hntãf prfdunlg,
g Hsd`noh lh`xg-g
lhsch dgbgr pfr
lf rfcahlf h lçhbh.
f pflhr g Àl`pf, quh hntrg tr`undgbihnth hi
\hegs.
 

Hbh lhspfsg g rg`nag Kfcgstg.

Lhscfnahchnlf g`nlg f dgtf, Àl`pf lhspfsfu g própr`g
p rópr`g iãh.
Lhbg ngschi-bah qugtrf d`bafs; lf`s ihn`nfs, Htàfcbhs h ]fb`n`ch, h lugs ihn`ngs,
@siën`g h Gntéofng.
Igs g gbhor`g lhsshs ngsc`ihntfs d`cg hnsfierhc`lg pfr uig nfvg prfvgïãf: g
c`lglh à pgbcf lh uig futrg
f utrg thiévhb cgbgi`lglh; g hsthr`b`lglh.
\flg g c`lglh à gt`no`lg; gs iubahrhs nãf tëi ig`s d`bafs, fs gn`ig`s nãf tëi
ig`s cr`gs, g thrrg nãf lç ig`s drutfs, gs çrvfrhs sãf tfiglgs lh shqu`lãf.
Àl`pf lhc`lh
gtrgvàs `nvhst`ogr
lf frçcubf, quh shi tràoug hstç
f lhsgstrh hgstç
cgusg lhssh
b`oglf lhsgstrh; d`cg
gf gssgss`ngtf lfsgehnlf,
rh` Bg`f. hntãf,
\fig-sh, pf`s, hsshnc`gb cfnahchr f gutfr lf gssgss`ngtf, kç quh à hbh tgieài f
lg hsthr`b`lglh.
Àl`pf cfnt`nug g `nvhst`ogïãf h vg` cfnsubtgr f gl`v`naf
gl` v`naf \`ràs`gs, sçe`f gnc`ãf, chof
pgrg f iunlf hxthr`fr, igs v`lhnth pgrg f iunlf `nthr`fr.
\`ràs`gs rhcusg-sh g rhvhbgr g Àl`pf f thrrévhb
thr révhb shorhlf.
]rhss`fnglf phbf rh`, f gl`v`naf gcgeg pfr l`zhr-bah; Àl`pf à f gssgss`nf lf rh`
Bg`f, shu pg`: Àl`pf lhspfsgrg g rg`nag Kfcgstg, sug iãh.
G Àl`pf à lglf cfnahchr.
Àl`pf grrgncg fs fbafs lh cgrnh, lh`xg \gegs h, ou`glf pfr Gntéofng, cfihïg sug
bfnog v`gohi nfturng pgrg f Çt`cf,
Çt` cf, hnqugntf shus lf`s d`bafs, Htàfcbhs h ]fb`n`ch,
pgrt`bagi f trfnf h gcgegi pfr igtgr-sh.
Hi Cfbfng, Àl`pf à lht`lf phbgs
phb gs Hr`nà`gs, lhusgs lh cgehbfs lh shrphnths h
ougrl`ãs lfs `ndhrnfs.
Sãf cagiglgs gé Huiën`lhs, nfih nfvf sfe f qugb gprhshntgi g sug dgch
ehnhvfbhnth, dgzhnlf hntrgr ng ifrglg lfs lhushs lhu shs gquhbhs quh sãf cfns`lhrglfs
l`onfs l`ssf.
Àl`pf à `ntrfluz`lf ng ifrglg lfs lhushs.
À `ipfrtgnth nftgr, gqu`, quh f pà lh Àl`pf, hsigoglf phbg çrvfrh lg dbfrhstg, à
pfrtglfr lf dhr`ihntf fr`o`ngb lg Auign`lglh.
Àl`pf, d`baf lh Hvg (sh sh pflh dgbgr gss`i), hstç dhr`lf nf pà.
Hbh kç igtfu f ]g`.
Nf i`tf, Bg`f h Kfcgstg sãf fs pg`s fntfbóo`cfs, f rh` h g rg`nag grquhtép`cfs.
grquhtép` cfs.
\gegs, nãf nfs hsquhïgifs, à g Khrusgbài chbhsth orhog.
Hxpubsf lf pgbçc`f, lgs sugs nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs, Àl`pf sg` lf Àlhn.
F i`tf orhof hxpb`cg g rh`lhnt`d`cgïãf lf Afihi cfi f iunlf gn`igb gpós g
quhlg phbg hxpfs`ïãf lh Àl`pf ís dhrgs shbvgohns.
Àl`pf tfig-sh g prhsg lh sugs própr`gs
própr` gs hnhro`gs.
Igs, lg ihsig dfrig quh, nf i`tf eéeb`cf, Glãf à cfehrtf pfr uig "tû "tûn`cg
n`cg lh
phbh", gqu` tgieài Àl`pf à prftho`lf phbfs pgstfrhs lh Cfr`ntf, quh phri`t`rãf
quh hbhpgstfrhs
Hsshs gssuigs`iefb`zgi
sugs hnhro`gs, f iunlf
fs pg`s gn`igb.
e`fbóo`cfs. 
 

Cr`glf ng cgsg lh shus pg`s lh Cfr`ntf, Àl`pf à f Afihi quh cglg ui lh nós à ng
cgsg lfs pg`s e`fbóo`cfs; ng prfdunl`lglh lg hssënc`g rhgb “ pf`s hbh à dh`tf í
`igohi lh Lhus h à cagiglf g hntrgr ng Sug shihbagnïg “ h, hi sug rhgb`lglh
cft`l`gng, sukh`tf g hnhro`gs “ `ipubsfs gn`ig`s “ quh hbh nãf cfihïfu g nfihgr,
g cfnahchr, g "lhspfsgr".
G l`ihnsãf fntfbóo`cg à rhcfehrtg phbg ngturhzg gn`igb hx`sthnc`gb.
T`ifs quh iu`tgs vhzhs fs i`tfs hxpr`ihi hssg lupbg rhgb`lglh lf Afihi sfe f
séiefbf lg ohih`lglh; Wg`n h Gehb, Hsgû h Kgcfe, pgrg dgbgr gphngs lfs ig`s
càbherhs hntrh fs ng
nuihrfséss`ifs, aherhus:
Çdr`cg hCgstfr h ]óbux hntrh fs orhofs: futrfs, h
gbaurhs.
Fs oëihfs shiprh s`on`d`cgi, pgrg ui, f Afihi ng sug fntfbfo`g, pfrtglfr lg
cfnsc`ënc`g lf Pfl h, pgrg f futrf, f Afihi ng sug ngturhzg shcunlçr`g (g lf
hsquhc`ihntf), feb`thrgïãf lg cfnsc`ënc`g (rh`lhnt`d`cgïãf cfi f gn`igb!).
Hssh futrf à f Afihi dhr`lf nf pà!
À gss`i quh vhrhifs Hsgû h Kgcfe nf n f shu ngsc`ihntf; f pr`ih`rf shourgnlf ng
iãf f pà lf shounlf, cfif quh pgrg ignthr gé gs hnhro`gs hi duog h pgrg curgr g
sug dhr`lg.
Nf i`tf orhof, quh nfs `nthrhssg gqu`, gs lugs ngturhzgs cfhx`sthi nf Afihi-
Àl`pf; g l`ihnsãf fntfbóo`cg quh tflf afihi lhvh hncfntrgr (lh quh hbh lhvh
bhiergr-sh!), pgrg cuipr`-bg nf shnt`lf lg shihbagnïg l`v`ng, à s`iefb`zglg
s`iefb` zglg phbg
çrvfrh-vhrlh lg dbfrhstg.
G çrvfrh à "f Afihi vhrlh": f "Afihi vhrihbaf’ f afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, à
f própr`f Àl`pf.
Aç uig s`noubgr s`ihtr`g hntrh fs lf`s i`tfs; g Çrvfrh vhrlh quh shourg ng iãf
fu pàs lf Afihi vhrihbaf nf ifihntf lf shu ngsc`ihntf à g ràpb`cg lh Kgcfe
quh shourg ng ihsig c`rcunstånc`g f cgbcgnagr lf `riãf Hsgû.
Hstulgrhifs g gvhnturg lhsshs lf`s `riãfs, igs g s`i`b`tulh lfs lf`s i`tfs
phri`th-nfs bhr lhslh kç, ng a`stór`g lh Àl`pf, g prfihssg lg curg lhssh ahró` cukg
g grvfrh vhrlh shourg f cgbcgnagr, quh à gofrg f Afihi vhrihbaf gc`ig lfs
gn`ig`s shbvgohns lg dbfrhstg (gs sugs hnhro`gs), quh gss`i nãf f lhvfrgi.
F afihi vhrlh, suekgchnth hi Àl`pf, à gquhbh quh vg` lfi`ngr.
Iu`tf lhprhssg, hbh grrgncg Àl`pf lfs shus pg`s e`fbóo`cfs pgrg bhvç-bf g prfpfr g s`
ihsif g ûn`cg vhrlglh`rg quhstãf lf shu shr h lg sug hx`stënc`g, quhstãf quh
shrç prfpfstg phbg Hsd`noh,
Igs, pr`ih`rgihnth, f frçcubf cfnsubtglf hi Lhbdfs “ g cfnsc`ënc`g lf Afihi
vhrlh “ bhvg Àl`pf g l`dhrhnc`gr-sh lf Afihi vhrih vhrihbaf
baf (g lh`xgr Cfr`ntf) h g
l`r`o`r-sh pgrg g c`lglh rhgb lh \hegs, fnlh rh`ngi fs shus pg`s fntfbóo`cfs. F
Gssgss`ngtf lh Bg`f nglg ig`s à lf quh g rhpht`ïãf dfrigb lg rupturg lf afihi
cfi gs sugs nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs: f dhr`ihntf nf pà lh Àl`pf, dh`tf phbf cgrrf rhgb à
gGofrg,
rhpht`ïãf
pgrgdfrigb lf dhr`ihntf
hncfntrgr nf "Àlhn".
nhbh g `igohi
` igohi lf ]g`, pgrg rhssusc`tgr f ]g` ng sug
cfnsc`ënc`g dhr`lg, Àl`pf lhvh lhspfsgr g Iãh.
Sfihnth lhspfsgnlf g Iãh, "vfbtgnlf-sh pgrg g Glgiga, "g thrrg-iãh lh quh df`
t`rglf’  (On
 (On @@@; 70), à quh Glãf pflh vfbtgr í sug fntfbfo`g h rhgb`zgr-sh ngs ZY
fr`o`ng`s
Tfbtgr í thrrg-iãh, g iãh rhgb quh ofvhrng cfi f rh` g c`lglh sgntg `nthr`fr, à
pgssgr phbg ‒]frtg lfs Afihns".
Xi ougrl`ãf lg sfbh`rg pfstg-sh ng hntrglg h lhvfrg gquhbhs quh, hntrh fs
age`tgnths, nãf pflhi rhspfnlhr gf shu hn`oig.
@riãf lh tflfs fs ifnstrfs lhvfrglfrhs
lh vfrglfrhs lfs i`tfs, hssh ougrl`ãf à, pfr sug vhz,
lhvfrglf, `stf à, `nthorglf pfr gquhbh quh gpgnag gs hnhro`gs-`ndfrigïøhs quh hbh
à.
Hsth tfrng-sh f `ndfriglf, f quh cfnahch
Hssh ougrl`ãf sfifs nós ihsifs nuig l`ihnsãf hspgntfsg, hnqugntf nãf nfs nf s
trgnsdfrigifs nhbh nós
nfs fer`og g `r pgrg h pgrg nfs trgnsdfrigrifs
ihsifs, nhbh, pf`s
pgrg hsshs hspfnsg`s cfi pgrg
nóscfnshou`r
ihsifs, `ssf
cfihbh
g
iãh `nthr`fr.
 

Hsshs ougrl`øhs iu`tgs vhzhs sãf iubahrhs thrr`d`cgnths, pf`s à f dhi`n`nf `nthr`fr,
cfif v`ifs, quh lhtài g dfrïg quh sfifs cagiglfs g lhspfsgr h quh, hi ûbt`ig
gnçb`sh, lhtài f nûcbhf, f Nfih.
G Hsd`noh thtrgifrdg à Êl`pf, cukg rhgb`zgïãf
r hgb`zgïãf shrç s`iefb`zglg phbfs qugtrf d`bafs
quh bah ngschrãf lh Kfcgstg, qugtrf l`ihnsøhs lh s` ihsif, lh gcfrlf cfi fs
shus hspfnsg`s cglg vhz
vhz ig`s prfdunlfs cfns`of ih ihsif,
sif, cfi gs hnhro`gs lg Iãh

 ‒G Hsd`noh, lh gcfrlf cfi f quh chrtgs phssfgs l`zhi, hrg uig d`bag egstgrlg lh
Bg`f..."
Hssg vhrsãf vhi cfnd`rigr g bh`turg lf i`tf, shounlf g qugb g Hsd`noh à "`riã lh
Àl`pf": hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, shu gsphctf dhi`n`nf g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf.
@siën`g ("dfrïg v`ofrfsg") à f tfurf; pr`ih`rg htgpg lg v`lg, gncfrglfurf hi thrrg,
dhcunl`lglh prfiht`lg h prfihssg lg cfrfg, s`iefb`zglg phbfs ca`drhs lf gn`igb.
]fb`n`ch ("nuihrfsgs v`tór`gs") à f bhãf; shounlg htgpg lg v`lg chntrglg nuig
qugb`lglh sfbgr lh gifr vhrlglh`rf, quh pfss`e`b`tg tflgs gs v`tór`gs sferh s`
ihsif (hspfnsg`s lgs hnhro`gs).
Htàfcbhs ("vhrlglh`rg cagvh") à g çou`g, ougrl`ã lg "]frtg lfs l fs lhushs", quh lhtài
f pflhr lgs "cagvhs" (gs nfssgs cbgvécubgs nf névhb lf cfrpf).
Gntéofng ("gnths lf ngsc`ihntf") à g vfbtg ís nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs, l`ihnsãf ng
qugb só f Afihi pflh cuipr`r f Nfih quh hbh à.
Wugnlf g Hsd`noh prfpøh g Ël`pf g quhstãf hsshnc`gb, hstç ehi cbgrf quh f Afihi
vhrlh hi Àl`pf cfnahch g rhspfstg;
“ sferh qugtrf pàs, phbg ignaã, hstç f Afihi g`nlg `lhnt`d`cglf cfif gn`igb,
gquhbh quh nãf pgssfu phbg "]frtg lfs lf s Afihns":
“ sferh lf`s pàs, gf ih`f-l`g, hstç f Afihi nf shu prfchssf lh vhrt`cgb`zgïãf h,
pgrg `ssf, bfcgb`zglf hntrh f Càu h g \hrrg, `nshr`lf nfs shus lf`s póbfs nutr`lfrhs,
f ]g` h g Iãh, nf shu ih`f-l`g, f l`g lf I`:
“ sferh trës pàs, gf hntgrlhchr, hstç f Afihi quh gt`noh f shu nûcbhf, f shu
Nfih.
Ger`nlf-f, hbh b`ehrg g sug hnhro`g
hnhro` g tr`n`tçr`gbs h tfrng-sh Xi.
Hbh `norhssg ng shihbagnïg l`v`ng.
Só quhi hstç b`oglf, phbg l`ihnsãf lf Afihi vhrlh, gf shu nûcbhf, gf shu
Nfih, pflh pgssgr phbg pr`ih`rg ]frtg.
Àl`pf pgssg h lhspfsg g Iãh rhgb.
Hi \hegs, só hssh cgsgb à dhcunlf.
\flfs fs futrfs, h g própr`g
p rópr`g Ngturhzg, sãf dhr`lfs lh hsthr`b`lglh.
Ê hv`lhnth quh g hsthr`b`lglh hstç b`oglg gf gssgss`ngtf lf ]g` h quh gquhbh
gq uhbh quh
"nãf sh bhierg" à hstàr`b nf shnt`lf fntfbóo`cf lhssh thrif: pf`s só à dhcunlf
gquhbh quh sh pøh nf iunlf, quh ngsch hi cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g l`dhrhnths, hi
thrrgs
Gquhbhnfvgs.
quh à, pf`s, dhr`lf lh hsthr`b`lglh hi \hegs à gquhbh lh quh Àl`pf g`nlg
nãf sh bhierg.
À prhc`sf quh hbh sh tfrnh tftgbihnth f Afihi vhrlh h quh, pgrg `ssf, hbh sh
bhierh lf ]g`...
\`ràs`gs à g sug ihiór`g.
Chof pgrg f iunlf hxthr`fr, \`ràs`gs “ cukf fbaf `nthr`fr hstç gehrtf “ à g
cfnsc`ënc`g h g dfrïg igscub`ng lh Àl`pf.
À gphngs ng bhiergnïg tftgb lgqu`bf quh hbh à quh Àl`pf pflh lhspfsgr tftgbihnth
g Iãh h, pfrtgntf, rhgb`zgr g sug lhsc`lg gf ig`s prfdunlf lh s` ihsif, g sug
lhsc`lg gfs `ndhrnfs, hi quh hbh hncfntrgrç f shu nûcbhf, f shu Nfih. 
G própr`g Kfcgstg lhsgpgrhch nhssh ifihntf gfs fbafs lf bh`tfr, pf`s g l`ihnsãf
lf shu dhi`n`nf, quh Àl`pf lhvh gofrg lhspfsgr, só hx`sth ng gehrturg lh uig
futrg v`sãf, quh à chouh`rg pgrg nós..
Ou`glf pfr gquhbg hi quh hbh sh tfifu, Gntéofng, pfrtglfrg lhssg v`sãf lgs
prfdunlhzgs,
Cfi GntéofngÀl`pf gssuih
("gnths g sug lhsc`lgÀl`pf
lf ngsc`ihntf"), gfs `ndhrnfs
rhcferh gngsug
ig`s lhnsg nf`th.
nf`
fntfbfo`g, f th.
shu "càu
`nthr`fr".
 

 
"Nhssg fphrgïãf, g çou`g lhvfrg f bhãf", l`zhi fs gbqu`i`stgs.
Gntéofng à quhi ogrgnth g shpubturg lfs shus `riãfs ]fb`n`ch, f bhãf, h Htàfcbhs, g
çou`g, pf`s hbg fs `nthorg g tflfs.
Àl`pf gprhshntg-sh, pf`s, hi Cfr`ntf, "buogr hbhvglf" “ pflhrégifs l`zhr
gnt`nfi`cgihnth; "f buogr ig`s prfdunlf" “ l`gnth lfs trës ougrl`øhs lg "]frtg
lfs lhushs", fs ougrl`øhs lf Nfih.
N fih.
\rës h Xi.
Àl`pf pgssg.
\frng-sh f shu Nfih.

3. Gqu`bhs fu f ]à Tubnhrçvhb
G nglg sh cfipgrg g cóbhrg bhohnlçr`g
b hohnlçr`g lf "grlhnth Gqu`bhs", g nãf shr gf vg`lfsf
durfr lh Àl`pf trgnsefrlgnlf nf "cgi`naf hrif".
 

Wuhrhnlf tfrngr `nvubnhrçvhb h, pfrtgntf, `ifrtgb,

` ifrtgb, f d`baf Gqu`bhs, g n`ndg \àt`s
ihroubag-f, ng afrg lf ngsc`ihntf, ngs çougs sgorglgs lf Hst`oh: uig ûn`cg
pgrth lf cfrpf lg cr`gnïg
cr` gnïg d`cfu lh dfrg; f cgbcgnagr, phbf qugb \àt`s f shourg.
H Gqu`bhs, f "lfs pàs b`oh`rfs",
b` oh`rfs", cfnt`nug, phbf cgbcgnagr, d`baf lg \hrrg, ifrtgb.
Hi rhbgïãf gf rhstf lf cfrpf, quh sh tfifu lh hssënc`g l`v`ng, shu cgbcgnagr hstç
cfif quh "dhr`lf".
]fr gé, hsoftgi-sh tflgs gs sugs hnhro`gs ngs gt`v`lglhs ouhrrh`rgs hxthr`frhs í
cfnqu`stg lh s` ihsif.
Hbgs sh ogstgi
orgnl`fsgs, igshihicóbhrgs,
nhnauihi pg`xøhs
cgsf gpgrhnthihnth
hbgs sãf `nvhst`lgs ngnferhs, hi cfnqu`stgs
cfnstruïãf lh shu shr
l`v`nf, lg sug qugb`lglh "`ifrtgb".
Nf gssàl`f g \ró`g, ]çr`s, ou`glf pfr Gpf`f, lhus lf Càu, bgnïg uig dbhcag quh dhrh
f dût`b Gqu`bhs nf cgbcgnagr.
F ahró` thi g cfrgohi lh rht`rgr g dbhcag, igs phbf dhr`ihntf f sgnouh cfrrh h sh
hsvgé...
F afihi cg` h ifrrh.
F Afihi vhrihbaf ifrrh.
Feshrvhifs quh g dbhcag l`v`ng à rg`f l`v`nf.
F afihi à v`s`tglf phbf Pfl, quh f fer`og g ifrrhr hi sug l`ihnsãf lh Afihi
vhrihbaf pgrg rhssusc`tgr Afihi vhrlh.
G a`stór`g lh Gqu`bhs nãf cfipfrtg hssg shounlg pgrth.
F ahbhn`sif hi ohrgb bhvg g `ssf, igs nãf f lhshnvfbvh.
À f kulhf-cr`st`gn`sif quh bah lç tflg g gipb`tulh.
Dhr`lf nf cgbcgnagr, nf ngschlfurf lgs sugs hnhro`gs, g auign`lglh, hi shus
l`dhrhnths i`tfs, à Hvg, hspfsg lh Glãf, quh, ng hxprhssãf eéeb`cg, lgrç í buz f
Pfl, f Ihss`gs, h hsth lfi`ngrç g Shrphnth; Cfbfcgrh` `n`i`zglh hntrh t` h @sag, l`z
Lhus í shrphnth, hntrh g tug shihnth h g shihnth lhbg.
Hbg th hsigogrç g cgehïg, ng qugb`lglh lh tu-cgehïg h tu dhr`rçs @sag ng qugb`lglh
lh hbg-cgbcgnagr (On, @@@;78).
G l`gbàt`cg cgehïg-cgbcgnagr d`cg pbhngihnth hscbgrhc`lg, pgrhch-ih, lhpf`s
l hpf`s lhsth
hstulf.
G shrphnth lhs`onglg gqu` ng qugb`lglh lh "cgehïg" à f dgbsf hspfsf, gf qugb g
auign`lglh gcgeg lh lgr-sh, gf qugb hbg gcgeg lh ger`r-sh b`ehrgnlf-bah g
tftgb`lglh lgs sugs hnhro`gs (séiefbfs lf pà gehrtf dhr`lf).
Hnqugntf f vhrlglh`rf Hspfsf l`v`nf nutrh g Auign`lglh g d`i lh quh hbg crhsïg h
sh tfih Hspfsg, g shrphnth cfih gquhbg cukf dhr`ihntf nf cgbcgnagr hbg gss`i
gv`vg cfnstgnthihnth, g d`i lh hxtrg`r lgé sug hnhro`g.
H qugntf à orgnlh h ifrtgb f dhr`ihntf, cfif à geunlgnth f sgnouh quh hscfrrh
lhbh!
H
H cfif
cfif gcglg
auign`lglh chog
ui lh nós, phrl h géh,gnãf
phrlh
` onfrgnth
`onfrgnth sugfestgnth,
gbig! prhvhn`lf, hnofbdg gé gs sugs
dfrïgs, hncfntrgnlf g ifrth gf thrif lhssg sgnor`g!
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, f Afihi só pflh cfnqu`stgr f iunlf hxthr`fr cfnqu`stgnlf f
shu cfsifs `nthr`fr.
Só pflh shr shnafr lg thrrg hxthr`fr, lhspfsgnlf g cr`gïãf `nth`rg ng prfdunlhzg
lf shu i`stàr`f, h nãf g v`fbhntgnlf lh dfrg pgrg lhntrf, prfvfcgnlf f hr`ïgihntf
lgs "sugs urzhs h lfs shus hsp`nafs".
Lhspfsgr g iãh; `ssf à quh à tfrngr-sh lhushs, h só hntãf rhcfnqu`stgr f cfsifs.
\ulf f ig`s à gt`v`sif, phrlg lh hnhro`g, sgnor`g lh ifrth!
F phr`of à tgntf ig`s sut`b qugntf ig`s nferh à f ióvhb, gpgrhnthihnth ût`b
(nferhzg h ut`b`lglh quh rhsubtgi lh nfssg cfnl`ïãf pséqu`cg).
G ig`fr`g lgs fergs cagiglgs "efgs fergs", hxhcutglgs shi g cfnsc`ënc`g
hsp`r`tugb, dgzhi pgrth lhssg sgnor`g!
Cfntulf, shr`g bfnof lhig`s hsthnlhr-ih gqu` g hsth rhsph`tf: vfbtgrh` g dgbgr n`stf
ig`s gl`gnth.
Dgïgifs gnths, `ihl`gtgihnth, g phrountg hsshnc`gb;
h sshnc`gb;
“ Cfif phnsgr hstg cagog6
 

“ Cfif hstgncgr hssg sgnor`g6

G a`stór`g lh Kgcfe nfs cfbfcgrç nf cgi`naf lg curg.
<. Kgcfe fu f "Cgbcgnagr L`v`nf". G Curg lf Dhr`ihntf
Nf vhntrh lh sug iãh, Kgcfe kç butg cfi f `riãf oëihf; à f quh nfs l`z f
Oënhs`s.
Shu pg` @sggc thi qugrhntg gnfs qugnlf sh cgsg cfi Uhehcg.
Shounlf pgtr`grcg lh @srghb, séiefbf lf shu pfvf, @sggc hndrhntg, sfe hssh s`onf
lf
Hbh <=, g prfvggslfsugs
gegnlfng <, lf quglr`bçthrf
iubhtgs h, pgrglg`ssf,
Çrvfrh.
hscfbah g iubahr, f 5, g d`i lh, cfi
hbg, tfigr-sh 7.
\flf cgsgihntf cfntrgélf gnths lg gefrlgohi lhssh quglr`bçthrf cfnt`nug
cfnlhnglf í l`bgchrgnth lugb`lglh quh à sgblglg pfr uig shpgrgïãf, g ihnfs quh
sh tfrnh gschsh lfs hspfsfs quh gefrlgi kuntfs ku ntfs f quglr`bçthrf.
Cfi @sggc, f pfvf aherhu gegnlfng gs sugs iubhtgs i ubhtgs pgrg hntrgr nf hstço`f lh shu
"Shr", igrcglf, cfif v`ifs, phbf lflhcgnçr`f (75 vàrthergs lfrsg`s l frsg`s lf
quglr`bçthrf).
À Kgcfe, thrch`rf pgtr`grcg, quh, tfiglf @srghb, v`vhrç hssh hstço`f gtrgvàs lgs
lfzh tr`efs quh hbh ohrg.  
]grg pgssgr lf "\hr" gf "Shr", lf pr`ih`rf gf shounlf hstço`f, @sggc lhvhrç butgr b utgr
cfns`of ihsif.
Shus lf`s d`bafs, quh butgi nf vhntrh lg iãh, sãf fs ahró`s lhssg butg: hbhs sãf gs
lugs ngturhzgs lf afihi;
“ ngturhzg pr`ih`rg, quh pfthnc`gb`zg f lhv`r l`v`nf, s`iefb`zglg pfr Kgcfe: h
“ ngturhzg "hi quhlg", hi tûn`cg lh l h phbh, s`iefb`zglg pfr Hsgû.
Hsgû à f ig`s vhbaf; à f quh sg` pr`ih`rf lf vhntrh igthrnf: hbh à f ahrlh`rf.
À vhrihbaf, cfehrtf lh pëbfs: à f Afihi vhrihbaf hxpubsf lf Àlhn.
Hssh afihi gpgog, sudfcg gquhbh quh, pfthnc`gbihnth, pflh tfigr-sh lhus.
À lhbh f l`rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg, `stf à, tflf f pflhr.
À, cfntulf, sferh hsshs quéc`fs quh o`rg g a`stór`g lg auign`lglh; sh Kgcfe nãf
thi nhnaui pflhr, hbh shourg ng iãf f cgbcgnagr lh Hsgû, cfif uig çrvfrh
vhrlh quh shourg phbf pà f Afihi vhrihbaf.
Cgbcgnagr, hi aherg`cf, l`z-sh Gqhv  , lh fnlh f nfih Kgcfe “ Pggqfv   
“ lglf g hssh d`baf.
Nhssh névhb, g bhtrg Pfl , prhchlhnlf g pgbgvrg cgbcgnagr, dgz supfr quh, hi Kgcfe,
f cgbcgnagr sh kuntgrç í cgehïg h quh, nhbh, f pfvf aherhu gt`no`rç
gt`no` rç sug rhgbhzg.
F afihi hncfntrgrç sug l`ihnsãf l`v`ng.
G iãf, cfif vhrhifs, à séiefbf lh cfnahc`ihntf h, pfrtgntf, lh pflhr.
G iãf lh Kgcfe, hipunagnlf f cgbcgnagr lf `riãf, s`on`d`cg quh hsth rhun`rç
tflgs gs hnhro`gs auigngs lh Glãf cfnt`lgs hi Hsgû h gs bhvgrç í sug rhgb`zgïãf.
Sferh hbgs, hbh thi tflf f pflhr.
]grg rhgb`zgr tgb cf`sg à prhc`sf quh, hi @sggc, f afihi hsp`r`tugb “ Çrvfrh vhrlh
“ glqu`rg g pr`igz`g sferh g Çrvfrh vhrihbag, f afihi thipfrgb quh hbh gig;
@sggc gigvg Hsgû (On, QQT; 51).
@sggc gig g sug tûn`cg lh phbh, hiefrg hsthkg nf cgi`naf lg un`lglh.
Lh sug iubahr Uhehcg hbh l`z;l` z; "Hbg à i`nag `riã" (On, QQT@; ?).
Frg, Uhehcg gigvg Kgcfe.
Hbg cfnahch f ohrih quh cgrrhog.
Uhehcg à uig igtr`z hsp`r`tugb, ui póbf pób f lh iutgïãf.
Shu nfih gf cfntrçr`f à Agqàvhr,  - ‒nf shpubcrf" “ gquhbh nf qugb sh
cuiprh f lupbf prfchssf lh ifrth h lh rhssurrh`ïãf.
G pr`ih`rg pgrth lg iutgïãf à dh`tg dfrg lhbg; Kgcfe lhvh cfnshou`r g pr`igz`g
sferh f `riãf,
`stf à, lhvh glqu`r`r shu l`rh`tf lh prb`nfohn`turg; hbh prhpgrg uig sfpg, ui "cgblf
vhrihbaf" (hi aherg`cf, ui Hlfi).
Wugnlf Hsgû vfbtg lg cgïg, hbh “ "f Afihi vhrihbaf" “ lhshkg hssh prgtf.
 

G trfcg hntrh fs lf`s `riãfs sh dgz, pfrtgntf, nf névhb lhssh "cgblf vhrihbaf".
S`iefb`cgihnth, `ssf quhr l`zhr quh Kgcfe gegnlfng f "vhbaf
"vhba f Glãf".
Hbh f chlh g shu `riãf Hsgû, quh f cfih: h, shnlf g ignlucgïãf séiefbf lh
`lhnt`d`cgïãf, Hsgû tfig-sh Hlfi  9  +7 (4), `stf à, hi aherg`cf, f Glãf
cfnlhnsglf nf 4.
Hsgû, f Afihi vhrihbaf, cfnt`nugrç ng cgsg lfs shus pg`s, hntrh sugs lugs
"iubhtgs", nf hstço`f `ndgnt`b.
Kgcfe, phbf cfntrçr`f, `rç pgrg bfnoh: hbh lhvh bhvgr g cgsg lh @srghb gf ?, g d`i lh
quh hbg rhhncfntrh g un`lglh.
]fr hssh "cgblf vhrihbaf", Hsgû chlh g Kgcfe f l`rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg.
Gofrg, Kgcfe thi tflf f pflhr sferh g ahrgnïg lh @sggc.
F Afihi nfvf supbgntfu f Afihi vhbaf vhb af ("supbgntgr", hi aherg`cf, thi g ihsig
rg`z; Gqhv).
Gofrg, cfi g cuipb`c`lglh lg iãh, Kgcfe sh cferhcfer h cfi uig dgbsg tûn`cg lh phbh
pgrg dgzhr cfi quh @sggc, chof, phnsh quh sh trgtg lf d`baf pr`ifoën`tf, f vhbaf
Glãf, quh lhvh rhchehr lhbh g eënïãf.
Hx`sth hi aherg`cf ui kfof lh pgbgvrgs hntrh "pr`ifoën`tf" h "eënïãf".
Hssg dgbsg tûn`cg lh phbh `nl`cg ehi g ngturhzg nãf-fntfbóo`cg lhstg ûbt`ig.
G vhrlglh`rg ngturhzg hsp`r`tugb lf afihi hstç cfehrtg gphngs cfi hssg phbh.
Wugntf í chouh`rg lh @sggc, hbg sh pgrhch
pgr hch hstrgnagihnth cfi g lh Àl`pf.
Àl`p f.
Nf lhv`r lh shu d`baf Kgcfe, hbh hstç hi pbhng hvfbuïãf h shus fbafs hstãf ngs
trhvgs lg lhgieubgïãf, prhbûl`f lg buz hsp`r`tugb.
Hbh gehnïfg hi Kgcfe, quh hbh kubog shr shu pr`ifoën`tf, sug pfsthr`lglh, lgnlf-
bah tflf
Kgcfe f pflhr
gofrg hstç sferh
prfntffspgrg
"`riãfs", fs hssg
cfnluz`r Afihns vhrihbafs.
pfsthr`lglh gtà g thrrg prfiht`lg, ``stf
stf
à, lhspfsgnlf gs thrrgs-iãhs suchss`vgs gtà gquhbg quh cfntài f Nfih.N fih.
F grl`b lh Kgcfe à f cfntrgpfntf lf grl`b lg shrphnth nf Àlhn.
Hntãf Kgcfe sg` lh cgsg; hbh vg` prfcurgr iubahr ng cgsg lh Bgeãf, `riãf lh l h sug
iãh.
Hbh sh cgsgrç cfi g b`nagohi lh sug iãh, b`nagohi lh pur`d`cgïãf tgieài, pf`s
Bgeãf quhr l`zhr "ergncf".
S`iefb`cgihnth, g`nlg gé, f afihi, hi shu lhv`r, cgsg-sh cfi g iãh, gf pgssf
quh Hsgû “ tfiglf Hlfi, `stf à, d`cgnlf gigrrglf gf 4, í egngb`zgïãf “ cgsg-sh
cfi iubahrhs quh dfrgi ift`vf lh gigrourg pgrg f cfrgïãf lh @sggc h lh l h Uhehcg
(On, QQT@;38).
\figrhifs g hncfntrgr Kgcfe ig`s gl`gnth, nf prfsshou`ihntf lh nfssg hscgbglg.
Gnths lh lh`xç-bf, pfr ui ifihntf, nfthifs quh g pgbgvrg  ?=-7==-5 “ 
"cgbcgnagr" “ hstç próx`ig lg pgbgvrg  ?=-7==-5==, quh s`on`d`cg "rg`z", "quh
à]flhifs,
lg rgïg".pfrtgntf, thr chrthzg lh quh Kgcfe à ihsif lh rgïg l`v`ng.
F prfdhtg @sgégs l`z hntãf lhbh; Kgcfe tfigrç rg`z, @srghb bgnïgrç dbfrhs h rhehntfs,
h hncahrç f iunlf cfi shus drutfs (@s, QQT@@;4).
G Çrvfrh vhrlh dbfrhschrç.
F drutf quh @srghb cgrrhogrç hi s` à gquhbh quh, shounlf g trgl`ïãf, à f "shounlf
Glãf", f Cr`stf.
Lh dgtf, tflg g b`nagohi lh @srghb à Glãf, ui Glãf quh Kgcfe lhrruefu pfr grl`b
ng pfh`rg hi quh hbh sh hnthrrgvg h quh hbh bhvg í sug vhrlglh`rg l`ihnsãf.
Igs `ns`stf nhsth lhtgbah; Kgcfe hnlfssg hssg tûn`cg lh phbh: rhcheh cfi hbg g
eënïãf lf ]g`, h vg` trgnsdfriç-bg nuig vhst`ihntg lh buz.

8. Cr`stf Bgvg fs ]às lfs Shus Gpóstfbfs

À cbçss`cf vhr nf ohstf lh Cr`stf quh bgvg fs pàs lfs Shus gpóstfbfs f própr`f
séiefbf lg aui`blglh lGquhbh quh, hiefrg Ihstrh,
I hstrh, Sh dgz shrvf.
À `ssfhx`sth
Igs ihsif.
gé iu`tf ig`s.
 

Hi pr`ih`rf buogr, rhcfbfquhifs hssg chng hi shu cfnthxtf; à gnths lh sh pür p ür í

ihsg, pgrg chbhergr g ]çscfg, f própr`f cfrgïãf lf I`stàr`f, quh Cr`stf dgz hssh
ohstf.
Hi nfssgs sfc`hlglhs dunc`fng`s, quh nãf tëi ig`s nhnaui shnsf lf séiefbf, sãf
gs iãfs quh bgvgifs gnths lgs rhdh`ïøhs.
Wugnlf ]`bgtfs bgvg gs iãfs, `ssf quhr l`zhr quh hbh nãf quhr cfnahchr.
Gs iãfs, kç f l`ssh h hstulgrhifs `ssf ig`s gl`gnth, sãf f séiefbf lf
cfnahc`ihntf.
"Hu nãf quhrfpgrg
cfiphtënc`g sgehr l`ssf,
`ssf", l`z hu nãf quhrf
]`bgtfs, ih ihthr
lhcb`ngnlf n`ssf,
lh tflg nãf thnaf nhnauig
rhspfnsge`b`lglh.
Igs gnths lh pgrt`c`pgr lg rhdh`ïãf iést`cg quh, pfr gnthc`pgïãf, vg` `ntrfluz`-bfs
nf egnquhth lgs nûpc`gs l`v`ngs, fs gpóstfbfs lhvhi shr rhcfnluz`lfs ís sugs
nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs.
Cr`stf `ncb`ng-sh pgrg hbhs h bgvg-bahs fs pàs.
Hbh curg, gss`i, g cagog lg Auign`lglh, lh quh q uh s`iefb`cgihnth fs pàs sãf
pfrtglfrhs, pf`s pfthnc`gb`zgi f shr lfhnth hi sug tftgb`lglh.

Lhslh g pbgntg lf pà gtà g cgehïg, nãf aç nhbh cf`sg sã

\ulf sãf dhr`lgs, cfntusøhs h cagogs v`vgs, quh nãf dfrgi nhi phnsglgs, nhi
b`oglgs, nhi sugv`zglgs cfi óbhf (@s, 7;8-?), l`z @sgégs, cafrgnlf f phcglf lg
auign`lglh, quh
Cr`stf cfnd`rig gf@srghb s`iefb`zg.
gpóstfbf ]hlrf g nhchss`lglh lh
l h curgr g dhr`lg, bgvgnlf gphngs
fs pàs; Sh hu, Shnafr h Ihstrh, vfs bgvh` fs pàs, vós lhvh`s tgieài bgvgr fs pàs
uns gfs futrfs (Kf, Q@@@; 7<).
À nhssh ihsif shnt`lf quh If`sàs rhcheh g frlhi lh lhscgbïgr gs sgnlçb`gs
l`gnth lg sgrïg grlhnth.
Hstg ûbt`ig, séiefbf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg gergsglg phbf Dfof lg T`lg, phbf Dfof qu quhh
nãf cfnsfih, hstç hnrg`zglg hi thrrg purg.
Nhnaui cfrpf hstrgnaf lhvh shpgrgr fs pàs lf Afihi lg thrrg-iãh.
Fs iuïubignfs, cfnsc`hnths g`nlg lhssg trgl`ïãf, sh lhscgbïgi gf hntrgr ngs
ihsqu`tgs.
À tgieài lh pàs lhscgbïfs
l hscgbïfs quh sh rhgb`zgi, ngs l`vhrsgs trgl`ïøhs, fs i`stàr`fs
`n`c`çt`cfs.
Hssg nulhz dés`cg `ipb`cg f lhspfkgihntf pséqu`cf h hsp`r`tugb
hsp` r`tugb lf shr.
F lhspfkgihntf hx`oh g lhpfs`ïãf lf dgrlf gf pà lg Çrvfrh.
À pfr `ssfpfr
shpgrglf quhui
f afihi, lhshkgnlf
hrrf, vhi rhtfigr
"bgnïgr-sh cfntgtf
gfs pàs" lhsthcfi gquhbh lh quh dfrg
ûbt`if.
À f ohstf lh Igr`g Iglgbhng, g prfst`tutg.
 

Gquhbg quh sh agv`g hntrhouh g dgbsfs gignths vhi pgrg f Hspfsf quh g hsphrg.
Hbg à g Auign`lglh.
Khrhi`gs bgihntgvg shu phcglf;
... Hbg à shihbagnth g uig v`ûvg! Orgnlh hntrh
hntr h gs ngïøhs, sfehrgng hntrh fs
Hstglfs, Hbg df` rhluz`lg í hscrgv`lãf. Hbg cafrg lurgnth g nf`th h sugs dgchs hstãf
cfehrtgs lh bçor`igs. Lh tflfs fs shus gignths, nhnaui aç quh qu h g cfnsfbh. \flfs
sh bah tfrngrgi `nd`à`s, tflfs sh tfrngrgi shus `n`i`ofs... (Kr, 7;7-5).

Igr`g Iglgbhng
shus cgehbfs cafrg, ifbag
h unoh-fs cfi sugs bçor`igs fs pàs lh Cr`stf,
cfi phrduihs. Cr` stf, hnxuog-fs cfi
Gqu` sãf `ntrfluz`lfs trës nfvfs séiefbfs; gs bçor`igs, f phrduih
ph rduih h fs cgehbfs,
cglg ui lfs qug`s shrç fekhtf lh ui hstulf g shu thipf.
Nãf à hssg ihsig iubahr, cukf nfih f Hvgnohbaf nãf rhvhbg, quh, ng nf`th lg
pg`xãf, lhrrgig sferh g cgehïg lh Cr`stf ui phrduih lh ngrlf purf, lh orgnlh
prhïf (Ic, Q@T;3)6
Lfs pàs í cgehïg, f cfrpf tflf tfrnfu-sh phrduih.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 1

Igbjauta @@

Fs Kfhbafs

G ûn`cg gt`tulh lh frgïãf quh, phbf

phb f quh sh`, à ihnc`fnglg ng Eéeb`g
Eé eb`g à hstg;
Igs Hb`gs sue`u gf gbtf lf Cgrihbf h, `ncb`ngnlf-sh pgrg g thrrg, püs shu rfstf
hntrh
Nhsshfs kfhbafs
thxtf, (@ Us,
pgrhch quhQ T@@@;<5).
QT@@@;<5).
Hb`gs hstç gkfhbaglf h quh
q uh shu rfstf, pgssgnlf hntrh fs
 kfhbafs, tfcg g thrrg.
G prhch lh Hb`gs à grlhnth; hbh phlh cauvg pgrg g thrrg shcg: uig pgssgohi pgrg g
dhcunl`lglh!
Hssg pfsturg lh frgïãf, quh g`nlg à lh usf hntrh fs iuïubignfs, tgbvhz nfs gkulh
g lhscfer`r f i`sthr`fsf s`on`d`cglf lfs kfhbafs.
Ng s`ieób`cg gstrfbóo`cg, fs kfhbafs hstãf b`oglfs gf s`onf lh Cgpr`córn`f, s`onf lg
\hrrg ngqu`bf quh g \hrrg
\hrr g thi lh ig`s phsglf, lh ig`s cfnchntrglf, lh ig`s
shcrhtgihnth hscfnl`lf hi sugs prfdunlhzgs a`ehrng`s.
Lg ihsig dfrig quh fs pàs cfrrhspfnlhi g Igbjauta hnqugntf hbhihntf çoug,
fs kfhbafs cfrrhspfnlhi g hssg ihsig shpa`rga hnqugntf hbhihntf thrrg.
Nhssh shnt`lf, fs pàs hstãf b`oglfs gf dhtf nf vhntrh lg iãh: fs kfhbafs, í cr`gnïg
h gf shu ngsc`ihntf.
Nui pbgnf `nthr`fr, fs pàs; gf g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf:
g`nlg -nãf-rhgb`zglf: fs kfhbafs; gf rhgb`zglf.
ZF B`vrf lf Oànhs`s hxpr`ih f nãf-rhgb`zglf phbf séiefbf "çoug" fu "ûi`lf", h f
rhgb`zglf phbf séiefbf "shcf" fu "thrrg".Y
Igbjauta (f Uh`nf) nf pbgnf lgs Hnhro`gs L`v`ngs à rhchptçcubf lh tflgs gs
Hnhro`gs: nf dunlf lg hxp`rgïãf l`v`ng, hbh à f ohrih lh tflg Cr`gïãf.
Nf pbgnf cósi`cf, g Cr`gïãf à rhchpt`v`lglh gesfbutg lh tflgs gs hnhro`gs cr`glgs
nfs qugtrf hbhihntfs lh quh hbg à cfnst`tuélg, h cgpgz lh hi`t`r f qu`ntf
hbhihntf, g "qu`nthssënc`g" “ `nsp`rgïãf l`v`ng “ quh bhvg g Cr`gïãf lh vfbtg í
sug un`lglh pr`nc`p`g`.
Shiprh ih `iprhss`fngrgi fs trës hn`oiçt`cfs lhshnafs quh, ng `cfnforgd`g
cr`stã, rflh`gi fs kfhbafs lf Cr`stf obfr`d`cglf
ob fr`d`cglf cfi cércubfs cfncëntr`cfs. (Thr g
d`ourg 71)
Nuncg pulh hncfntrgr hxpb`cgïãf pgrg `ssf.
Hsshs ihsifs cércubfs cfncëntr`cfs hncfntrgi-sh tgieài hi futrfs névh`s lf
cfrpf.
]hnsf quh hbhs sãf `ipfrtgnths chntrfs lh dfrïg, lhthnlf, cglg ui lfs qug`s, ui
pflhr hsphcéd`cf.
Wugb shr`g f pflhr lfs kfhbafs6
k fhbafs6
Hnchrrgnlf g cgehïg ng pfsturg lh Hb`gs,
Hb` gs, fs kfhbafs lãf gf cfrpf lgquhbh quh frg
g dfrig lh ui ohrih quh cfnchntrg g tftgb`lglh lgs dfrïgs. (Thr d`ourg 70)
]grhch quh g rhbgïãf cgehïg-kfhbafs à tãf pflhrfsg
p flhrfsg qugntf gquhbg hi quh
gcgegifs lh lhthr-nfs, quh b`og g cgehïg gfs pàs.

G cgehïg h fs kfhbafs dfrigi ui nfvf pgr lh rhgb`zgïãf.

Hstãf sfblglfs phbg sug rhsphct`vg qugb`lglh lh "cfrfg".
 

Nãf hncfntrg Jhtahr (g Cfrfg), ngs lugs phquhngs cfrfgs quh dfrigi gs rótubgs
nf cfihïf lg Çrvfrh, g gd`rigïãf lg sug prfihssg6
p rfihssg6
Ng b`nougohi a`pfbóo`cg, gf trgtgr-sh lf cgvgbf quh dhr`u f kfhbaf, l`
l`z-sh
z-sh Zhi
drgncësY quh hbh ‒s'hst cfurfnnàh’  Zsh
 Zsh "cfrffu"Y.
Nãf usgifs g ihsig hxprhssãf pgrg g cr`gnïg dhr`lg nhssh ihsif névhb6
Hi aherg`cf, f "kfhbaf" à Ehrhja ( ).
G cgehïg  à, nf shu chntrf, c`rcunlglg phbg pgbgvrg  , quh s`on`d`cg "hi t`",
cfif sh g pgbgvrg  nfs l`sshssh "hi t` hstç f shorhlf lg tug vhrlglh`rg
cgehïg, g quh shrç 
cfrfglg".
]flh-sh bhr g`nlg; Egr  “ f "kfvhi d`baf" “ g cgi`naf lf Jgpa d`ngb  , quh
shrç f shu ûbt`if ohrih gnths lh hntrgr ng l`ihnsãf lh "d`baf rhgb`zglf", cukf
nfih à Ehi  , lh vgbfr nuiàr`cf `lënt`cf gf lf kfhbaf; ?=5!
Nf shu vgbfr gr`tifbóo`cf, f kfhbaf kç cfntài gs hnhro`gs lf D`baf, h sgehifs quh,
sh hbh gs cuiprh, f Afihi
Af ihi hntrg hntãf ng l`ihnsãf lg "hspfsg" cfrfglg.
]grg `ssf, kç nf ngsc`ihntf, f Afihi rhcheh g eënïãf.
]rfnunc`glg Egrfuja, g pgbgvrg   à f "gehnïfglf", Eg Egrgjg
rgjg hntrh fs çrgehs nãf
thi futrf shnt`lf. Kfhbaf h eënïãf
eën ïãf sãf g ihsig pgbgvrg!
Gs trës bhtrgs phriutglgs lg pgbgvrg aherg`cg "kfhbaf", hscr`tgs   , dfrigi g
rg`z lh nuihrfsgs pgbgvrgs quh hxpb`cgi ui pr`ih`rf ngsc`ihntf.
]grhch cfnd`rigr-sh, gqu`, quh g cr`gnïg, gpgrhntglg gfs pàs nf shu hstglf dhtgb,
ngsch hntãf pgrg f iunlf nfs c`cbfs lfs thipfs, nf névhb lfs kfhbafs.
G própr`g pgbgvrg kfhbaf Zoànfu, hi drgncësY à lg ihsig rg`z lh ohrgr,
hnohnlrgr...
 

Ngs phrsphct`vgs lgs ohrgïøhs, fu shkg, cr`gïøhs `nthr`frhs, chrtfs r`tfs `n`c`çt`cfs
cfnv`lgi gquhbh quh vhi v`vhr ui nfvf ngsc`ihntf g gprhshntgr ui kfhbaf
lhscfehrtf.
H nãf hrg ]`tçofrgs, f quh lç ngsc`ihntf, quh ohrg f cfnahc`ihntf, cagiglf "f
shnafr lf kfhbaf lh furf"6
Sh trfcgrifs g`nlg gs bhtrgs lh  , dfrigrhifs g pgbgvrg   , rg`z lh
"Wuhrue`i".
Fs Wuhrue`ns, f`tgvg a`hrgrqu`g gnoàb`cg, sãf gquhbhs cukg v`sãf thvh f prfdhtg
Hzhqu`hb; Gf bglf lh cglg ui lfs qugtrf Shrhs T`vfs, v`v` hi thrrg uig rflg.
F gsphctf h g hstruturg lhssgs rflgs hrgi fs lg ohig lh \grs`s...
Shus grfs hrgi lh uig gbturg thrr`d`cgnth, ougrnhc`lfs lh fbafs hi tflf f shu
rhlfr (Hz, @; 78-71).
G rflg-cfrfg lfs kfhbafs à g`nlg cfnd`riglg phbf pbgnhtg Sgturnf, shnafr lf s`onf
lh Cgpr`córn`f nf [flégcf.
H n`nouài lhscfnahch f gnhb quh hstç hi tfrnf lf pbpbgnhtg
gnhtg Sgturnf.
Sgturnf “ gss`i cfif f s`onf lh Cgpr`córn`f “ bhvg-nfs g cfns`lhrgr f futrf
gsphctf lg pfsturg lgquhbh quh frg; f quh cfnchrnh f cfntgtf lfs kfhbafs (h lg
cgehïg) cfi g thrrg.
Gquhbh quh à griglf cgvgbh`rf pøh, tgieài hbh, ui kfhbaf hi thrrg.
]fstubgnth gesfbutf lh uig dfrïg lf càu, gncfrg-sh ng thrrg phbfs kfhbafs.
Wugb à g hxgtg rhbgïãf kfhbaf-Sgturnf-thrrg6
Sgturnf hstç b`oglf gf cauief.
G cr`gnïg quh ngsch nfs c`cbfs lfs thipfs nãf pgssg lh hscór`gs lh cauief
(@s, 7;58). quh t`vhr trgnsiutglf f cauief hi furf ngschrç ng cfrfg lg
F Afihi
Hthrn`lglh.
\rgnsdfrigr f cauief hi furf à f hxgtf trgegbaf lh crhsc`ihntf lf Afihi, f
quh cfihïg g shr rhgb`zglf phbf cgvgbh`rf, phbf `n`c`glf, fu pfr tflf shr quh v`vh f
shu pr`ih`rf ngsc`ihntf `nthr`fr.
Lh Sgturnf, f gbqu`i`stg @sggc, f Afbgnlës, l`z; "]fr chrtf, hi shu `nthr`fr, hbh
cfntài f efi Sfb. G hssh
h ssh rhsph`tf cfncfrlgi tflfs fs d`bósfdfs. Ng vhrlglh,
Sgturnf à g phlrg quh fs gnt`ofs d`bósfdfs nãf qu`shrgi nfihgr. Cfi ui pfucf lh
trgegbaf, pflh-sh cfnvhrthr Sgturnf hi Bug: h, cfi ui pfucf ig`s lh thipf fu
lh trgegbaf, pflh-sh cfnvhrtë-bf hi Sfb, lhpf`s
l hpf`s d`xç-bf h dgzhr lhbh g p
phlrg
hlrg
d`bfsfdgb. "
F Afbgnlës lhscrhvh, hi thrifs gbquéi`cfs, f prfchssf lh trgnsiutgïãf lgs
nfssgs hnhro`gs quh, b`ehrtglgs lh sug ognog, hbhvgi-sh, nui pr`ih`rf thipf, gf
névhb lh Phsfl (g Bug) h, nui shounlf thipf, gf névhb lh \`pahrhta (f Sfb),
prfihthnlf f thrch`rf névhb; Jhtahr, g Cfrfg.
"Sgturnf", gss`i cfif f "cauief", l`z-sh hi aherg`cf Fpahrhta  .
Hssg pgbgvrg cfiprhhnlh hsshnc`gbihnth g rg`z ‒]gr’   , séiefbf lh dhcunl`lglh,
hncfntrglg hi ‒Hta’  , f "thipf".
 à f gnhb lh Sgturnf.
F vhref ]grf  à f vhref "crhschr", quh pflhifs bhr nf cgpétubf lg frlhi
l`v`ng lglg g Glãf; Crhsch` h iubt`pb`cg`-vfs,
iub t`pb`cg`-vfs, h hncah` g \hrrg (On, 7;51).
Igs, nf pr`ncép`f, f Afihi nãf pgssg lh cauief.
Sug dhcunl`lglh g`nlg nãf hstç b`ehrglg.
Hssh cauief à tgntf ig`s phsglf phbf dgtf lh, hi nfssf iunlf lh trhvgs “ g
pgrt`r lg quhlg “, hbh cfnst`tu`r f gb`ihntf lh Sgtgnçs, quh gss`i sh fpøh
l`gihtrgbihnth í sug dhcunl`lglh.
Cfihrçs f pó tflfs fs l`gs
l `gs lg tug v`lg (On, @@@; 7<), l`z
l` z Lhus í shrphnth Sgtgnçs.
"]ó" à g pgbgvrg Gpagr  quh, ng pgbgvrg  ("cauief"), à quhergntglf phbg
ûbt`ig bhtrg lf gbdgehtf, f \gv .
Nf thxtf eéeb`cf, gf cfntrçr`f lf quh gd`rigi gs trgluïøhs shi l`schrn`ihntf, f
"pó" nãf qugb`d`cg g \hrrg, igs Glãf nf shu hstglf drgoihntglf, nf pr`ncép`f.
 

B`thrgbihnth; H dfrig    “ Hbfa`i gf Glãf pó, t`rglf lg Glgiga (On, @@; ?).
Glgiga à g thrrg dfriglg, f shxtf l`g lg Oënhsh, lh tflfs fs gn`ig`s quh
rgsthkgi.
Glgiga à g thrrg `nthr`fr lh Glãf, hi quh dfri`og g iubt`lãf lgs sugs hnhro`gs.
F "pó"   à séiefbf lh iubt`pb`c`lglh, quh nglg thi g vhr hi qugb`lglh cfi
gquhbg iubt`pb`c`lglh í qugb Glãf à cagiglf ng sug vfcgïãf dunlgihntgb.
"Iubt`pb`cg`-vfs."
Hssg vfcgïãf tgieài nglg thi g vhr cfi f shnt`lf quh ohrgbihnth bah à
gtr`euélf, quh à; "\hnlh iu`tfs d`bafs" fu, hi futrgs pgbgvrgs; "Ogrgnt` fs
ngsc`ihntfs hxthr`frhs."
Hssg ûbt`ig gchpïãf lg frlhi l`v`ng hsvgz`g f pr`ih`rf thrif lhstg; "Crhsch`"!
G vhrlglh`rg iubt`pb`cgïãf à prfiht`lg nf d`ngb lf crhsc`ihntf `nthr`fr, cfif drutfs
lg Çrvfrh quh à Glãf.
Hssg iubt`pb`cgïãf-drutfs lg Çrvfrh glåi`cg à `nshpgrçvhb lg sug rhgb`lglh
gnt`nüi`cg; g Xn`lglh.
\frngnlf-sh Xi, Glãf hxpbflh nfs shus drutfs.
G iubt`pb`cgïãf lfs nfssfs lhschnlhnths à séiefbf l`ssf igs, hi s`, g`nlg g`n lg dgz
pgrth lf pó quh gcuiubgifs “ pferhs lh nós! “ shi dgzhr g b`iphzg.
Igs nhssh pó `n`c`gb, nhssg iubt`pb`c`lglh quh lh dgtf gcgeg lh shr lhscr`tg sfe f
séiefbf lfs gn`ig`s quh cfnst`tuhi g Glgiga h tflgs gs futrgs thrrgs g v`r,
gn`ig`s dfri`ognths, `nqu`htfs, g dhcunl`lglh  hstç shbglg.
H qugnlf, lhpf`s lg quhlg, Glãf sh vë vfbtgr gf pó, hbh vfbtg, cfif v`ifs, í sug
cfnl`ïãf pr`ih`rg, í sug iubt`pb`c`lglh `nqu`htg, hsquhc`lf lf pr`ih`rf
pr` ih`rf cgsgihntf
cfntrgélf cfi g Glgiga h, pfrtgntf, tftgbihnth cfndunl`lf cfi hbg.
\ulf pgrhch tgntf ig`s cfiprfiht`lf qugnlf, vfbtgnlf gf pó, f Afihi nãf
cfnahch ig`s f shu pflhr lh dhcunl`lglh, nãf sgeh ig`s quh à hspfsf cagiglf g
lhspfsgr gs sugs thrrgs.
Xig igbl`ïãf sh cfbfcg hntrh g thrrg-hspfsg h hbh.
Igs shr`g nãf sgehr bhr f thxtf hi ig`fr prfdunl`lglh d`cgr nhssg nh ssg `nthb`oënc`g lf
vhrsécubf.
Lhus l`z; "Cfihrçs f pãf nf sufr lgs tugs ngr`ngs (s`c), gtà quh vfbths pgrg g
Glgiga, pf`s lhbg dfsth grrhegtglf: pf`s às pó p ó h gf pó rhtfrngs"
r htfrngs" (On, @@@; 7 0).
F pãf lfbfrfsf à g shrv`lãf v`v`lg gtà qugnlf f Afihi sh vfbtg pgrg Glgiga, sug
iãh-hspfsg: "pf`s tu às pó", às dhcunl`lglh, bhierg-th, sg`s lf hsquhc`ihntf hi
quh hstfu fer`oglf g th shpubtgr pgrg sgbvgr-th lg tug `busãf, "vfbtg-th!".
` iprhss`fngnth; \gsafuv   hi aherg`cf nãf à shnãf g
H g frlhi à `iprhss`fngnth;
\hsafuvga, g "phn`tënc`g", nf shnt`lf lg pgbgvrg orhog ihtgnó`g,
ihtgn ó`g, f rhtfrnf.
Nf ifihntf lh ui ngsc`ihntf, g cr`gnïg sh vfbtg vfb tg nf vhntrh lg iãh.
Nui futrf névhb, sueihrsf ngs çougs lh  (f `ngcgeglf), f Afihi nãf sgeh
ig`s quh hbgs tgieài sãf igtr`z dhcunlg h quh hbh pflh vfbtgr-sh pgrg ngschr ng
buz  (f gcgeglf).
Fs kfhbafs h f rfstf eh`kgnlf
e h`kgnlf g thrrg, "lhspfsgnlf" g thrrg hxthr`fr, séiefbf lg
Glgiga `nthr`fr, à g própr`g pfsturg lg phn`tënc`g.
G thrrg nãf lgrç g sug çoug shnãf hi rhspfstg gf gifr lf Afihi.
Sge`g l`ssf Hb`gs, quh prfcurgvg g çoug pgrg g thrrg!
F Afihi nãf rhchehrç lhbg g sug dfrïg pgrg crhschr h fs shus drutfs pgrg
iubt`pb`cgr g ihnfs quh, lh kfhbafs,
k fhbafs, aui`blh (nf shnt`lf "auius"), "vfbth g hbg" h
sh tfih lh nfvf shu hspfsf gignth.
Cr`stf rhgb`zfu `ssf.
Hbh rht`rfu g igbl`ïãf lf l`vórc`f
l` vórc`f Glãf-Glgiga.
Cglg ui lh nós, hnxhrtglf nf shu nûcbhf-Cr`stf, pflh rht`rgr hssg igbl`ïãf h sg`r
lg shrv`lãf.
Hntãf fs kfhbafshi
Lh ngsc`ihntf rhhncfntrgrãf sug dunïãf
ngsc`ihntf `nthr`fr, lh dhcunl`lglh.
d hcunl`lglh.
g pgrt`r lg `igohi
` igohi lh Lhus quh aç ng sug
qugb`lglh lh Egr  (kfvhi d`baf), gtà g shihbagnïg í qugb à cagiglf ng sug
 

qugb`lglh lh Ehi  (D`baf), f Afihi trgnsdfrigrç fs c`cbfs lf thipf hi cfrfg

lh hthrn`lglh.
Xi i`tf lh cr`gïãf cfntglf nuig bhnlg d`nbgnlhsg, f Jgbhvgbg, dgz ngschr f iunlf
lfs fvfs quh ui pgtf vhi lhpfr sferh f kfhbaf lg lhusg lgs çougs, qugnlf hstg
hbhvgvg ui `nstgnth pfr sferh gs fnlgs f shu ihierf afsp`tgbh`rf.
"Sh`s lhsshs fvfs hrgi lh furf h f sàt`if hrg lh dhrrf. F pgtf püs-sh g cfer`-bfs.
Shnt`nlf grlhnth cgbfr, g lhusg sgcul`u f kfhbaf,
kf hbaf, hsthnlhu eruscgihnth fs
ihierfs. H fs fvfs rfbgrgi ngs fnlgs, lhsgpgrhchnlf nf sh`f lgs vgogs h
quhergrgi-sh hi i`b phlgïfs...’   
"... g pgrth lh eg`xf lg cgscg lf fvf df` f dunlgihntf lg \hrrg: g pgrth lh c`ig lg
cgscg lf fvf dfrifu f d`rigihntf sueb`ih."  
]flh-sh phnsgr quh, nhssh ihsif kfhbaf, g pgrth lh c`ig h g pgrth lh eg`xf lg
cgscg lf fvf, f "I`" h f "Ig", dgrãf tgieài f shu cgsgihntf...

Gs ]hrngs

Lfs pàs gfs kfhbafs, gs phrngs s`iefb`zgi tflg g dfrïg lh rhgb`zgïãf lf ohrih gtà
g sug igtur`lglh, lg sug cfnchpïãf gf shu ngsc`ihntf.
Sh tfigifs cfnsc`ënc`g lh quh f nfssf hstglf, nf ifihntf lf nfssf ngsc`ihntf,
n gsc`ihntf,
à f lh ui nfvf ohrih ng igtr`z cósi`cg, gs phrngs s`iefb`zgi, hntãf, lh ui
bglf, g dfrïg lh crhsc`ihntf lg cr`gnïg nf vhntrh lg iãh h, lh futrf, g dfrïg lh
crhsc`ihntf lf Afihi lhslh f ngsc`ihntf í cfrfgïãf.
Sh gs phrngs sãf lglgs gf Afihi pgrg quh hbh hxhrïg g sug igrcag sferh g \hrrg
hxthr`fr, hbgs
sugs thrrgs sãf, hi hhssënc`g,
`nthr`frhs quh, pgrgg `ssf,
``igohi lgquhbgssferh
ssf, sh gpf`grãf quh bah phri`t`rãf
nfvfs phrcfrrhr
"pàs", sferh gs
nfvfs
ohrihs quh rhûnhi gs sugs hnhro`gs; fs shus r`ns.
Dfrïg lh rhgb`zgïãf lf Afihi, gs phrngs sãf `lhnt`d`cglgs
` lhnt`d`cglgs cfi g sug b`e`lf h,
nhssh ihsif shnt`lf, cfi gs phrngs lf cgvgbf.
Sh g b`e`lf só à gsshl`glg nf pr`ih`rf hstço`f “ f lf Agvhr “ lf Afihi, hbg à
hssg ahifrrgo`g lrgiçt`cg quh lhnunc`g f i`tf ng lhscr`ïãf
l hscr`ïãf lf dhr`ihntf nf pà.
À nhssh shnt`lf quh f sgbi`stg cbgig; "Nãf à nf v`ofr lf cgvgbf quh Lhus sh
cfiprgz. Nãf à ngs phrngs lf Afihi quh Hbh cfbfcg f shu prgzhr..."
(Sb, CQBT@@; 7=).
Gogcaglg nf `ncfnsc`hnth lf Afihi, g b`e`lf tfrng-sh shnafrg h prfifvh tflgs gs
gt`v`lglhs lf shu hscrgvf, quh hbg bhvg í ruéng.
G Frlhi lfs Cgvgbh`rfs hns`ngvg fs Afihns g ifntgr f shu própr`f próp r`f cgvgbf, g
tfigr ngs iãfs gs ràlhgs, g d`i lh quh f gn`igb sh tfrngssh shrv`lfr h gs phrngs
fehlhchsshi, hntãf, g uig b`e`lf cfnsc`hnth, cfntrfbglg, h sferhtulf rhfr`hntglg
rhfr` hntglg
pgrg g kustg rhgb`zgïãf.
 

F phrdh`tf cgvgbh`rf cfnluz f shu cgvgbf qugsh quh hxcbus`vgihnth cfi gs phrngs.
Dgz cfrpf cfi hbh, h f cgvgbf tfig-sh gs phrngs h g hnhro`g rhgb`zglg lf shu
shnafr, gf pgssf quh hsth phrignhch shnlf g cgehïg h f cfrgïãf. (D`ourg 5=)
Sh g hnhro`g lg b`e`lf dfssh vhrlglh`rgihnth rhgb`zglg, f Afihi, b`ehrglf lgs bh`s
lf iunlf lg quhlg, thnlf
th nlf phrcfrr`lf tflfs fs shus, hspgïfs `nthr`frhs, nãf thr`g
ig`s nhchss`lglh lf cgvgbf.
À pfr `ssf quh Lhus nãf
n ãf cfbfcg nhbh f Shu prgzhr, igs ng rhgb`zgïãf lgqu`bf quh
hbh s`iefb`zg.
Ê pfrhstruturgs
sugs `ssf, tgieài, quh fnãf
`nthr`frhs Afihi
hstãfquh
hi thi hntrh gscfi
glhqugïãf phrngs ui lf
g dfrïg lcgvgbf à drço`b;
f cfrchb.
Nhssh névhb, hbh pflhrç gphngs lfiç-bf, igs nãf lfi`nç-bf, h gs dfrïgs
`ncfnsc`hnths lf Afihi cfrrhi f r`scf, g tflf ifihntf, lh shrhi lhvfbv`lgs lh
nfvf gf gn`igb.
Nf cgsf fpfstf, ui shr quh nhogssh g sug gn`igb`lglh, g sug b`e`lf, quh à g sug
dfrïg v`vg, cfif fcfrrh ís vhzhs cfi f Afihi tftgbihnth chbhergb`zglf, shr`g
cfif quh lhsprfv`lf lh phrngs.
Igs shr`g hntãf lhsprfv`lf tgieài lh tflg pfss`e`b`lglh lh sh rhgb`zgr.
G hscgbglg pgrg g shpa`rga Phsfl vg` trgzhr-nfs
trgzhr -nfs ui hscbgrhc`ihntf ig`s prhc`sf
sferh hsth vgstf thig.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 0

Phsfl.

G shxugb`lglh. G c`rcunc`sãf
Phsfl, nfng shpa`rga l`v`ng, à g "egsh", f "dunlgihntf".
S`iefb`zg uig "rhgb`zgïãf l`v`ng" “ sh à quh à pfssévhb usgr hssg hxprhssãf
`nshpgrçvhb lf cfrpf lg gnt`nfi`g "ifv`ihntf/nãf ifv`ihntf".
Hbg rhcheh
"dgz gs hnhro`gs
dbfrhschr" lgs iûbt`pbg
ng prfdusãf f`tf pr`ih`rgs
pr` ih`rgs
h ung shpa`rfta, dfcgb`zg-gs, l`str`eu`-gs h gs
lh Igbjauta.
Phsfl pgrhch shr pgrg Igbjauta f quh f Ç`n-Sfpa à pgrg Jhtahr; gs Orgnlhs
\rhvgs hi rhbgïãf í Ign`dhstgïãf.
\ulf pgrhch pgssgr-sh, shounlf g trgl`ïãf cgegb`stg, cfif sh Phsfl dfssh hssg
]hlrg lh er`baf lh prgtg lfurglg quh Hzhqu`hb lhscrhvh, hspàc`h lh pr`sig gtrgvàs
lf qugb f Xi-shi-shounlf Sh dgz Shounlf h Iûbt`pbf, nf hspbhnlfr lg Cr`gïãf
hignglg phrphtugihnth lg Sug Obór`g (Afl, sàt`ig shpa`rga) h quh rhtfrng
phrphtugihnth g H`g.
Nf névhb lh Phsfl, pgrhch s`tugr-sh ui lfs chntrfs lg rhsp`rgïãf l`v`ng; "phbf shu
Sfprf-Thref Lhus cr`g h rhnfvg g dgch lg \hrrg" (Sb, C@T; 3=): phbgp hbg Sug @nsp`rgïãf,
Lhus hntrg ng sug hssënc`g: à f S'ageegt.
F própr`f pr`ncép`f lf r`tif hstç gé.
\ulf à rhsp`rgïãf “ Phsfl à lhbg g ifrglg punt`dfrih, lh fnlh tulf sh prhc`p`tg
nf hspbhnlfr lfs Iunlfs, fnlh tulf vhi rhigtgr f Xi kç gcgeglf, vhi
gphrdh`ïfgr f lfs
Dunlgihntf kç ]hrdh`tf.
iunlfs, gtf hthrngihnth cr`glfr, Phsfl à g shxtg lgs shpa`rfta
lg Cr`gïãf.
Hbg cfrrhspfnlh gf shxtf L`g lg Oënhsh, f lg cr`gïãf lf Afihi quh, phbf shu
vhref (í `igohi lf Thref L`v`nf), à cr`glfr.
Cfi g quhlg. f Afihi lhsv`fu-sh lhssh pflhr.
\hnthifs cfiprhhnlhr, hntãf, f quh sh pgssg pgrg hbh ng phrsphct`vg lg sug
rhhscgbglg lgqu` pfr l`gnth tãf cfiprfiht`lg!

Nf h`xf lg Cfbung lf Ih`f, cglg shpa`rga à écfnh lh G`n , grquàt`pf l`v`nf quh
nãf sh pflh cfnahchr, igs quh sh lh`xg cfnahchr nf NFIH, AgSahi.
Cglg ui lfs nfssfs nfihs quh pgrt`c`pgi lf NFIH `nscrhvh-sh nhssg cfbung, hi
névh`s lh rhgb`zgïãf l`dhrhnths, quh cfrrhspfnlhi ís shpa`rfta
Hi Igbjauta, g phssfg lh cglg ui lh nós à hscubp`lg nf prhnfih quh bah à lglf.
Hbg hncgrng   nf "Hof", nf "hu", hi aherg`cf Gn`  , dh`tf lgs trës ihsigs
bhtrgs-hnhro`gs quh f shuhssh
Igs, lurgnth g `ndånc`g, grquàt`pf G`n.sud`c`hnthihnth `nl`dhrhnc`glf, tgntf lf
"hu" d`cg
própr`f grquàt`pf, nf qugb hbh sh egnag ng sug v`lg dhtgb, gss`i cfif,
gprfx`iglgihnth, lurgnth fs trës pr`ih`rfs ihshs gpós f shu ngsc`ihntf
e`fbóo`cf, qugntf lgquhbhs quh f grquàt`pf suest`tu` pfucf g pfucf, fs pg`s fu
qugbquhr gutfr`lglh pgthrng fu igthrng.
Hi Phsfl  "Dunlgihntf", quh sh pflh trgluz`r tgieài pfr "shorhlf  lf
Pfl  ", shorhlf lf NFIH, f glfbhschnth hntrg hi rhssfnånc`g cfi f shu NFIH
shcrhtf.
]fr tr`bags tfrtufsgs, shnth f cfntgtf lgs sugs duturgs hstruturgs lh glubtf.
Cfihïg, hntãf, g lhscfer`r sug phrsfngb`lglh, pr`ih`rg hxprhssãf cfnahc`lg lg
sug phssfg, quh f bhvg g cfnthstgr, gtà ihsif g rhkh`tgr, gs iubhtgs lfs pg`s.
F sfprf lf Pfl f gsp`rg g gbtgs ubtrgpgssgohns lh s` ihsif.
À g `lglh lgs ig`frhs hxgbtgïøhs iést`cgs, quh sh `nvhsthi ngs cgthofr`gs lh tflgs
gs frlhns; rhb`o`fsgs, pgtr`ót`cgs, pfbét`cgs, grtést`cgs, gifrfsgs, htc., tflgs
hrót`cgs.
À f ngsc`ihntf lf hrfs nhssh
n hssh névhb.
 

Nhssh ifihntf, ui orgnlh phr`of gihgïg f glfbhschnth, f lg rh`lhnt`d`cgïãf lh

s` ihsif cfi f fekhtf lg sug hxgbtgïãf, quh hbh hntãf l`v`n`zg, pf`s prfkhtg
`ncfnsc`hnthihnth sferh hbh AgSahi, f NFIH .
Gé sh ohrg g dger`cgïãf lgs l`dhrhnths içscgrgs, pfr trçs lgs qug`s f glfbhschnth
sh hscfnlh lh s` ihsif h phtr`d`cg f shu "hu" lh afihi `busór`f.
Fu g`nlg, à f shu "hu"  nãf hxgbtglf, `ihl`gtgihnth egngb`zglf, quh hbh
cfndunlh cfi  , h quh gssuih uig gdhtgïãf tftgbihnth hsthr`b`zgnth.
F Afihi
lhpf`s nãf pflh
Jhtahr, ig`s
igs hbh sh tfigr-sh
gutfohrg Thref
Thre f cr`glfrlfs
ng rhpht`ïãf cósi`cf gf gt`no`r
shus "hus" \`pahrhta,
suchss`vfs h h
`ndgnt`s.
Hi ohrgb, hbh `nvhsth, hntãf, g qugsh tftgb`lglh lgs hnhro`gs quh rhcheh hi Phsfl
pgrg dunlgr g sug lhschnlënc`g, f shu phquhnf Uh`nf (Igbjauta) sferh g \hrrg, lh
quh hbh sh dgz rh`.
À f rheg`xgihntf lf lhv`r
lh v`r nf névhb lg egngb`zgïãf.
À hsshnc`gb nftgr quh hssg tfiglg lh cfnsc`ënc`g cfi f "hu" “ pgrt`c`pgnth lf
Sahi “ pgrt`c`pg hi prfdunl`lglh lg ihsig rhgb`lglh quh g hcbfsãf lg
shxugb`lglh nhssh névhb, f hrfs lhssh hstço`f.
À pfr `ssf quh f Afihi, ng ig`fr pgrth lf thipf, d`cg tftgbihnth
t ftgbihnth d`xglf gé, shkg
ngs rhprhssøhs lhssg pftënc`g v`tgb cfnlhnglg ís prf`e`ïøhs,
prf`e` ïøhs, shkg nf
lhsdrgblgihntf lg sug qugsh l`v`n`zgïãf.
\flg shpa`rga lg tr`bag lf Ih`f “ buogr lf I`, quh unh f I` gf Ig “ à hxprhssãf
lh hqu`béer`f h lh agrifn`g cfnqu`stglfs g pgrt`r lgs fpfs`ïøhs hsshnc`g`s.
Nhssh shnt`lf, Phsfl à tgieài cagiglf \shlhq, "Kust`ïg" (ig`s hxgtgihnth
"Kusthzg").
Phsfl phlh pgrg shr v`v`lf
v` v`lf cfi kusthzg.
Ihbj`tshlhq, gprhshntglf nf Oënhs`s cfif "rh` lg pgz", h cukf nfih s`on`d`cg "rh`
lh kust`ïg", phlh g Gergãf f léz`if lfs shus ehns.
F léz`if, f làc`if, à f séiefbf lf Pfl, quh gss`i lh`xg cfnahchr g sug hx`oënc`g
prfdunlg; urng pgrth lgs hnhro`gs lhssh hstço`f lhvh shr cfnsgorglg í própr`g
cfnstruïãf lf NFIH.
Hbg `ipb`cg gschshs, fcubtgihntfs quh cfnchrnhi fs lf`s gsphctfs hrót`cfs lg
rhgb`lglh lf Afihi hi Phsfl; f shu "hu" h g sug shxugb`lglh.
F r`tf lg c`rcunc`sãf, quh hstulgifs gl`gnth, hscbgrhch hssh orgnlh thig.
Igs l`ogifs gofrg quh tflg gschsh quh dfssh hsigogihntf à dgbsg: tflg rhcusg
lh gschsh à `ougbihnth dgbsg.
G gqu`s`ïãf lg b`ehrlglh nãf sh dgz ng b`chnïg, hstrgnag g tflf grquàt`pf, igs ng
"kusthzg", écfnh lf grquàt`pf.
Écfnh lf grquàt`pf à tgieài Sfl, S fl, f "shorhlf" (lf bgt`i shchnthrh; "pür lh bglf"),
quh pgrt`c`pg lf "sgorglf".
Phsfl lç, hntãf, ngsc`ihntf ís pr`ih`rgs vàrthergs lg cfbung vhrthergb quh sãf
cagiglgs "sgorglgs".
\flg dunïãf quh l`z rhsph`tf g hssh névhb à sgorglg.
Wuh g shxugb`lglh sh hncfntrh afkh lhssgcrgb`zglg
lh ssgcrgb`zglg ng `busór`g phrsphct`vg lg
rhgb`zgïãf lf Afihi, hssh à f d`i bóo`cf qugnlf sh phnsg ng d`ngb`lglh quh bah
crhl`tgvgi fs `iphrgt`vfs rhb`o`fsfs lfs ûbt`ifs sàcubfs; g prfcr`gïãf!
\hnthifs l`schrn`r, í buz lf hsquhig, f shnt`lf prfdunlf lg un`ãf lfs cfrpfs.
Uhdbhxf lh Jhtahr quh, nf gbtf, `ntrfluz f Afihi nfs shus ûbt`ifs hspfnsg`s,
Phsfl à, hieg`xf, g hntrglg lg cåigrg nupc`gb, sgntuçr`f fnlh sh rhgb`zgi gs
nûpc`gs shcrhtgs lf afihi h lg iubahr.
Nfs pr`ih`rfs sàcubfs lg @orhkg cr`stã, fs cgsgihntfs hrgi chbherglfs í ih`g-
nf`th.
Lf ihsif iflf, nf cfrgïãf lg nf`th, nf cfrgïãf lf `nvhrnf `nthr`fr, f Afihi
unh-sh g s` ihsif ngs prfdunlhzgs lh \`pahrhta.
\`p ahrhta.
Ngs
\flgtrhvgs lf ge`sif,
g cfbung lf ih`f un`r-sh-ç g Lhus
dfcgb`zg, nfs shushi Jhtahr. hstço`fs, f i`stàr`f lf
l`dhrhnths
hncfntrf lfs lf`s quh sh tfrngi ui.
 

F prgzhr prhs`lh g hssg `nsp`rgïãf un`vhrsgb nfs shus l`vhrsfs orgus lh

pgrt`c`pgïãf nf ûbt`if prgzhr quh f Afihi cfnahch gf hntrgr ng lh`d`cgïãf.
Só hbg phrignhch lhpf`s lf hsoftgihntf lfs cfrpfs cukf hspgsif Ûbt`if g ifrth
gss`ngbg.
\flg ifrth quh nãf `ntrfluz f Afihi nhssg l`v`ng un`ãf gcfrrhntg-f gf rhcfihïf
ng `nhxfrçvhb bh` lg rhpht`ïãf lfs c`cbfs.
Hbg lhstró` f Afihi ng "]frtg lfs Afihns", fnlh fs age`tgnths lh \hegs sh
lh`xgrãf lhvfrgr phbg Hsd`noh quh g ougrlg, fnlh Hlfi (f Afihi vhrihbaf) à
hnofb`lf phbf Igr
trgnsdfriglf Thrihbaf, quh
hi @srghb. q uh gdgstg gs sugs çougs pgrg lh`xgr pgssgr Kgcfe
Hsth ûbt`if hstç, hntãf, g cgi`naf lg "\hrrg ]rfiht`lg", lg cfnqu`stg lf \r`ånoubf
Suphr`fr, lg rhgb`zgïãf lf "Afihi vhrlh".
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f prgzhr nf névhb lh Phsfl, prgzhr dés`cf h gbhor`g lf cfrgïãf, à,
hi s`, efi h kustf, à ui écfnh lf Càu sferh g \hrrg.
Tgifs ig`s bfnoh; hssh prgzhr hi Phsfl, rhdbhxf lf l f prgzhr cfnt`lf hi Jhtahr,
tgieài à ui ih`f lh gt`no`r hsth ûbt`if.
F Fc`lhnth, `iprhonglf lh ifrgb`sif, quhr quh`rg quhr nãf, aç tgntgs ohrgïøhs,
g`nlg nãf hstç prfntf pgrg v`vhr hssg prfpfstg.
Wuh hbh, phbf ihnfs, tfih cfnsc`ënc`g lg guthnt`c`lglh lf prgzhr.
]r`vgr-sh lhbh pfr ifrgb`sif à tãf dgbsf qugntf geusgr lhbh pfr ``onfrånc`g,
onfrånc`g, h sh
ifstrg `ougbihnth lhstru`lfr h `ndgnt`b.
F Cr`st`gn`sif fc`lhntgb, aç f`tf sàcubfs, vhi thnlhnlf pgrg uig `lhnt`d`cgïãf
cfi g ifrgb.
]grg kust`d`cgr hssg "ferg lg cgrnh", cukf shnt`lf prfdunlf bah b ah hscgpgvg, hbh dhz lf
d`baf g d`ngb`lglh lf cgsgihntf, `ipfnlf hssh fekht`vf gfs hspfsfs.
À g` quh prhc`sgifs vhr g fr`ohi lh uig orgnlh pgrth lfs dgbsfs prfebhigs, cukg
rhsfbuïãf ife`b`zg hi nfssfs l`gs, tãf `nut`bihnth, tgntgs hnhro`gs.
F dhr`ihntf nf pà gtugb`zg-sh iu`tf nhssh névhb...
né vhb...
F d`baf, fu f ui ngsc`lf lf lf`s, à g `igohi, hieg`xf, lf duturf lfs hspfsfs quh
thnlhi pgrg g un`lglh nf gbtf.
Nhssh shnt`lf, hbh tgieài à sgorglf.

Igs f d`baf nãf à g d`ngb`lglh lf cgsgb.

À phrignhchr nf hrrf lg egngb`zgïãf lgr í `igohi ui vgbfr lh gesfbutf.
 

Hi ûbt`ig gnçb`sh, f d`baf à lh`d`cglf: frg, nhssh cfnthxtf, hbh cfnt`nug g shr f
drutf lf Agvhr.
\fignlf-sh glubtf, hbh sh un`rç gf futrf, sh dgrç "lf`s" pgrg glqu`r`r ui nfvf
"ui", quh hbh própr`f,
própr` f, htc., g auign`lglh prfcr`g, sh iubt`pb`cg shi crhschr h nãf
rhgb`zg g gehrturg pgrg f SHU.
Nf ihsif pbgnf, hiefrg nfutrg frlhi lh `là`gs, cahogifs g ui hncglhgihntf
shihbagnth lh rhpht`ïãf egngb; qugnlf uig thsh h uig gntéthsh lãf ngsc`ihntf g
uig sénthsh, quh sh tfig, hbg própr`g, g thsh lh uig nfvg gntéthsh, htc.
Cgéifs
Xi lfs nf bgïf lg
thrifs rfnlg hi
hr`o`u-sh `ndhrngb fnlh tulf à hndglf h gefrrhc`ihntf.
gesfbutf6
Hntãf, hbh à ohrglfr lh
l h pg`xøhs lhstru`lfrgs.
Só quhrhifs cfif prfvg `lhfbfo`gs `ipfstgs pfr uig rhb`o`ãf, ui pgrt`lf pfbét`cf,
pfr hxhipbf.
Cfif sg`r lhssg rfnlg6
Cfif `ntrfluz`r f ûn`cf thrch`rf thrif vhrlglh`rf quh rhgb`zg g un`lglh nf gbtf, h
nãf hieg`xf6
Thnchr g Hsd`noh fu qugbquhr ougrl`ãf lg Sfbh`rg lg "]frtg lfs Afihns",
gtrgvhssgr f Igr Thrihbaf cfi fs aherhus, hntrgr ng Grcg lh Nfà, h`s f quh fs
i`tfs nfs prfpøhi, só pgrg c`tgr fs i`tfs quh
qu h nfs sãf ig`s dgi`b`grhs.
\flfs hxpb`cgi ui gtf quh `ipb`cg uig ubtrgpgssgohi.
Hssh thrch`rf thrif g cfnqu`stgr trgnschnlh f iunlf dés`cf-pséqu`cf, sug gprhhnsãf
trgnschnlh nfssgs cgthofr`gs ihntg`s frl`nçr`gs.
Hbh só pflh shr lhscr`tf pfr ui séiefbf, só pflh shr hscbgrhc`lf phbf i`tf.

Cahogr gf cfrgïãf lg ihnsgohi à g pr`ih`rg rhsfbuïãf quh thifs lh tfigr pgrg

hntrgr nf cfnahc`ihntf lf nfssf lhst`nf h nf cgi`naf lg sug rhgb`zgïãf.
À `nût`b, phnsf, prhc`sgr quh hssg `nthrprhtgïãf lf i`tf nãf cfnst`tug uig cfnl`ïãf
nhchssçr`g pgrg v`vhr g pgssgohi lhssg ]frtg Hstrh`tg.
Igs hbh `bui`ng hssg pgssgohi cfi tgntg buz quh gcaf ût`b dgzhr cfi quh sh
ehnhd`c`hi cfi hbh tflfs gquhbhs quh, gtugbihnth, lh ui iflf fu lh futrf,
hndrhntgi g Hsd`noh.
Hnqugntf g auign`lglh cfnahc`g g nãf-rhspfnsge`b`lglh lg `ndånc`g, iu`tf pfucfs
afihns t`nagi cfnsc`ënc`g lhssg pgssgohi.
Afkh, qugnlf hbg gegnlfng sugs iubhtgs, qugnlf “ cfif Àl`pf “ lh`xg f pg`
glft`vf h sg` í prfcurg lf
l f shorhlf lf shu ngsc`ihntf, à hi igssg quh hbg sh
gprhshntg l`gnth lg ]frtg.
Hbg hstç sueihrsg ngs çougs lh ui l`bûv`f
l`b ûv`f lh `onfrånc`g: shus cfnahc`ihntfs
un`vhrs`tçr`fs, bfnoh lh sgbvç-bg, `ihrohi-ng g`nlg ig`s, gf cr`gr ui iunlf
iunl f
tàcn`cf lhsuign`zglf.
Xig gnoûst`g bgthnth tfig cfntg lh tflfs fs afihns quh shnthi dhcagrhi-sh
sferh hbhs, pfucf g pfucf, gs ignléeubgs
ignlée ubgs `ipbgcçvh`s lh ui ifnstrf.
Wuhi fs b`ehrtgrç6
Ng nfssg trgl`ïãf kulhf-cr`stã, f pfvf lh @srghb à f "prftót`pf" lg Auign`lglh:
sug a`stór`g lhvhr`g hscbgrhchr-nfs.

G "C`rcunc`sãf"
Lh @srghb ngschrç f Thref, f Bfofs, f Sgbvglfr.
Gergãf “ pr`ih`rf pgtr`grcg lh @srghb “ à f shu "Dunlgihntf" Phsfl.
Hbh à g shihnth lh uig nfvg auign`lglh.
À nhssh shnt`lf quh, shounlf g prfihssg, "Gergãf shrç f pg` lh uig orgnlh
ngïãf": hssg orgnlh ngïãf rhspfnlh í frlhi lf Oënhs`s (@ ; 51); "Crhsch` h
iubt`pb`cg`-vfs."
Nãf sh trgtg, gesfbutgihnth, lh iubt`pb`cgïãf shounlf f nûihrf ?, quh `ipb`
`ipb`cgr`g
cgr`g
g prfb`dhrgïãf lfs d`bafs fu hssh "rh`nf lg qugnt`lglh", lhnunc`glf pfr Uhnà
Ouànfn.
\rgtg-sh, pr`ih`rf, lh crhschr, `stf à, lh gt`no`r f pfntf ig`s gbtf lg Çrvfrh, g
vhrlglh`rg cgehïg fnlh g sh`vg lç f shu drutf.
 

G auign`lglh cfnahchrç nhssh pbgnf sfihnth g iubt`pb`cgïãf lfs drutfs lf shu

Shr h nãf lf shu Agvhr, iubt`pb`cgïãf `nshpgrçvhb lg un`lglh gt`no`lg.
À hntãf s`on`d`cgt`vf cfnstgtgr quh hssg prfihssg lf drutf à dh`tg g Gergãf nfs
thrifs lh uig gb`gnïg quh Lhus dgz cfi f pgtr`grcg h quh hx`oh, lg pgrth lh
Gergãf, g c`rcunc`sãf lh tflf d`baf vgrãf ngsc`lf lhbh h lg sug pfsthr`lglh
(On, QT@@).
G c`rcunc`sãf nãf lhcfrrh lg bh` ifsg`cg, nhi lh ui cól`of quh sh tfifu
nhchssçr`f phbg `igtur`lglh, phbg `ndgnt`b`lglh lh ui pfvf: hbg à fntfbóo`cg g hssh
pfvf quhfngsch
Ihss`gs, lf sh`f lh Gergãf h cukg vfcgïãf à cfbfcgr nf iunlf f Sgbvglfr, f
Thref.
@srghb, cagiglf í Shihbagnïg l`v`ng, lhvh tfrngr-sh vhref.
Wugnlf @srghb t`vhr cfbfcglf nf iunlf GquhbhGquhb h quh fs cr`stãfs rhcfnahchrgi cfif
f Thref, ui pr`ih`rf cfncéb`f rhun`rç fs cahdhs lg @orhkg ngschnth pgrg rhsfbvhr f
prfebhig quh gs shpgrg; lhvh-sh fu nãf c`rcunc`lgr fs cr`stãfs6
H d`cgrç lhc`l`lf quh g c`rcunc`sãf
c` rcunc`sãf nãf thi ig`s rgzãf lh shr prgt`cglg
p rgt`cglg (Gt, QT); g
auign`lglh cfbfcfu nf iunlf f Thref.
Igs ]gubf `ns`st`rç hi quh, lgé pfr l`gnth, g c`rcunc`sãf shkg bhvglg gf névhb lf
cfrgïãf: lhpf`s, gf névhb lgs frhbags (Ui, @@; 50).
F gpóstfbf rhtfig, gqu`, g frlhi lh  trgnsi`t`lg phbg efcg lf prfdhtg
Khrhi`gs;
"C`rcunc`lg`-vfs pgrg  h rht`rg` fs prhpûc`fs lf vfssf cfrgïãf" (@T,<).
Sãf futrgs htgpgs lg hscgbglg.
Nós gs v`vhrhifs ig`s gl`gnth.
]frquh sh trgtg kustgihnth lg hscgbglg lg sh`vg quh à cagiglg pgrg g d`ng pfntg
lg Çrvfrh g d`i lh tfiç-bg dhcunlg.
"Crhsch`" fu "shlh dhcunlfs" à g ihsig pgbgvrg hi aherg`cf ]hrfu , ng qugb
hncfntrgifs g rg`z ]gr hstulglg gnthr`frihnth h hncfntrglg hi tflfs fs lhorgus
lg cfnstruïãf lg Çrvfrh, cfif quh pgrg egb`zgr g sue`lg lg sh`vg.
Cfntulf, sh hbg dfr gesfrv`lg phbfs rgifs eg`xfs, nuncg pflhrç gt`no`r f vàrt`ch.
Hssh à f ift`vf phbf qugb, hi grefr`cubturg, hssg hscgbglg lg sh`vg prhs`lh g bh` lf
cfrth.
F cfrth à dh`tf g d`i lh "cfbfcgr g çrvfrh hi cfnl`ïøhs lh lgr drutfs".
Hssg à g hxprhssãf cfnsgorglg pgrg hssg fphrgïãf quh vhr`d`cg, gss`i, sug
 kust`d`cgt`vg hi tflfs
tflfs fs pbgnfs.
Hbg tfig tflg g prfdunl`lglh lg sug s`on`d`cgïãf nf pbgnf quh nfs `nthrhssg.
` nthrhssg.
Cfrtgr fs rhehntfs, fs ogbafs eg`xfs,
eg` xfs, à cfrtgr tflg cgusg lh ahifrrgo`g.
À cfbigtgr "g dhr`lg", g d`i lh quh cglg afihi hi pgrt`cubgr “ cfi tflg g
auign`lglh “ lë fs shus drutfs, "sh iubt`pb`quh" nfs shus drutfs.
G dfrïg lf afihi pgssg, hntãf, lf óroãf prfcr`glfr gf óroãf lg pgbgvrg cr`glfrg.
H, pgrg pgrgdrgshgr fs ]glrhs orhofs lfs pr`ih`rfs
p r`ih`rfs sàcubfs quh rhsuihi f
i`stàr`f cr`stãf nhstg drgsh; "Lhus Sh dhz afihi pgrg quh qu h f afihi sh tfrnh
Lhus", pflhifs rhtfigr f próbfof lf Hvgnohbaf lh Kfãf h l`zhr; "F Thref Sh dhz
cgrnh pgrg quh g cgrnh sh tfrnh Thref."
"Thre`d`cgr" g cgrnh; hssg à g vfcgïãf cr`glfrg lf Afihi.
G c`rcunc`sãf, quh à ui cfrth lg cgrnh nf névhb lh Phsfl pgrg "quh hbg lë drutf", à
g bh` quh prhs`lh g hssg vhre`d`cgïãf.
G Er`t I`bga  , fu "gb`gnïg lg c`rcunc`sãf", à uig chr`iün`g rhgb`zglg hi
trës thipfs.
Nui pr`ih`rf thipf, cagiglf Frbga , f prhpûc`f à cfrtglf.
Fr , cfif hstgifs bhierglfs, à g "tûn`cg lh phbh".
Frbga, cfrth lhssg phbh, à f lhsphrtgr pgrg g buz.
Cfi hdh`tf, tflg g chr`iün`g vg` thnlhr pgrg g lhscfehrtg lg obgnlh, séiefbf lg
buz-vhref.
G phbh (f prhpûc`f) à hntãf kfoglg nf "p ó’  pgrg
 pgrg quh g buz
b uz gpgrhïg.
 

Nui shounlf thipf, cagiglf ]r`ga  , gs cgrnhs sãf hspgbaglgs, shpgrglgs,
pgrg lhscfer`r Egsgr , g "cgrnh" fr`o`ngb, quh à pr`ncép`f lh v`lg.
]r`ga  à g pgbgvrg quh quhr l`zhr "drut`d`cgïãf, dhrt`b`lglh, dhcunl`lglh" “ 
 ]r` à f "drutf".
À dh`tg lg rg`z ]gr , séiefbf lh dhcunl`lglh, h lgs lugs bhtrgs sgorglgs Pga ,
quh cfihïgi f L`v`nf \htrgorgig.
F lhsnulgihntf lg cgrnh fr`o`ngb à f rhtfif ís nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs lf Afihi, í
dfrïg lg sug dhcunl`lglh quh, nhssg phrsphct`vg, nãf l`z rhsph`tf í prfcr`gïãf,
igs gf ngsc`ihntf lh Pga, g cr`gnïg l`v`ng quh rhvhbg f NFIH h cukf séiefbf à g
cr`gnïg hxthr`fr.
G prfcr`gïãf b`oglg í quhlg, nf thipf lurgnth f qugb thifs lh lgr cfnt`nu`lglh g
nós ihsifs pgrg gt`no`r hssh fekht`vf, à uig dunïãf shcunlçr`g h prhpgrgtór`g
pgrg hssh fekht`vf.
Nui thrch`rf thipf, cagiglf Its`tsga , quh quhr l`zhr "sucïãf", f Ifêb I fêb (f
c`rcunc`sfr) suog f sgnouh g d`i lh lhscfer`r Nhpahsa, g gbig v`vg b`oglg gf
sgnouh.
Hntãf, g cr`gnïg tfig-sh nfvgihnth gbig v`vg.
Gqu` tfcgifs f orgnlh i`stàr`f lf sgnouh lh quh dgbgrhifs gl`gnth
G I`bga à f thrch`rf
thr ch`rf sgcr`déc`f lh sgnouh gf qugb Cr`stf-Thref, dgzhnlf-Sh
c`rcunc`sãf lf iunlf, pøh d`i.
Ng pgbgvrg Its`tsga , f Nfih L`v`nf Pga  hstç nf cfrgïãf lf vhref
Iftshts, "suogr". f Ifhb gsp`rg .
Hi prfdunl`lglh,
Hbh cfsph dfrg tflfs fs vàus quh shpgrgi g cr`gnïg lg sug gbig prfdunlg pgrg
lhvfbvë-bg gf shu NFIH.
\rgl`c`fngbihnth, uig cglh`rg lhst`nglg g Hb`gs à shiprh prhpgrglg pgrg hssg
chr`iün`g, í qugb f ]rfdhtg prhs`lh `nv`s`vhbihnth.
`nv` s`vhbihnth.
G bh` nuncg hstç shpgrglg lf prfdht`sif,
p rfdht`sif, shi f qugb hbg shr`g hstàr`b.
Shounlf g trgl`ïãf, f pgphb lh Hb`gs à f lh `iphl`r quh g buz shkg rhcfehrtg lh
nfvgs h sgtån`cgs trhvgs: cfi hssh prfpós`tf, Hb`gs rhcferh hbh própr`f
próp r`f
`nv`s`vhbihnth g buz cfi ui vàu quhqu h só shrç t`rglf cfi g v`nlg
v` nlg lf Ihss`gs.
]flhifs cfnstgtgr g quh pfntf sh `ier`cgi
` ier`cgi gqu` fs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs.
Kfãf Egt`stg à hssh "Hb`gs quh lhv`g vfbtgr" (It, Q@; 7<) h quh, `lhnt`d`cgnlf-sh cfi
f vàu h dgbgnlf lh Cr`stf, l`z;
"À prhc`sf quh hbh crhsïg h hu l`i`nug" (Kf, 777; 3=).
Sh f vàu sh gpgog, à pfrquh g buz vh`f g hsth iunlf, f Ihss`gs hstç gé.
\gb pëbfs
lh cfiflhf prhpûc`f,
cgihbf), Kfãf Egt`stg,
à rhphb`lf f afihi
pgrg l h tûn`cg
lh
quh f Thref lh phbh (hbh hstç rhvhst`lf
gpgrhïg.
Gf suogr f sgnouh pgrg quh g gbig sh tfrnh gbig lh v`lg (Nhpahsa Ag`g), f Ifêb
hstç shnlf écfnh lf ]g`, quh gsp`rg f sgnouh lf D`baf g d`i lh quh f Hspér`tf lhsïg
gf iunlf.
I`bga  (g c`rcunc`sãf) à tgieài g "]gbgvrg  lh Pfl  ".
G c`rcunc`sãf à tgieài cagiglg Ifub , quh à f "drhnth g drhnth".
F Afihi cfihïg g shr pfstf l`gnth
l` gnth lh s` ihsif gtà quh hbh gt`nkg, gpós gs
suchss`vgs c`rcunc`søhs quh Khrhi`gs h ]gubf rhcfihnlgi, f tftgb drhnth g drhnth,
g lhscfehrtg lf vhrlglh`rf "Hu", f shu NFIH.
Hssh gsphctf lg c`rcunc`sãf lç rhbhvf gf NFIH, g vhrlglh`rg h i`sthr`fsg "phssfg"
“ nf shnt`lf lh "a`pfstgsh"
"a` pfstgsh" “ quh à cglg ui lh nós.
G c`rcunc`sãf à, sferhtulf gqu`, g lf "hu".
C`rcunc`lgr f "hu", f hof, à bhvgr f futrf hi cfntg, shi f quh nãf sh pflh gt`no`r
f vhrlglh`rf Gn` , f NFIH.
F "futrf" à, pr`ih`rgihnth, nós ihsifs nf gsphctf , nf gsphctf nãf-rhgb`zglf
lh nós ihsifs.
 

F "futrf" à, hi shou`lg, tflf shr hxthr`fr g nós ihsifs h lh quh só pflhifs nfs
gprfx`igr nf gifr, pf`s hbh à f póbf hxthr`fr lh uig lgs nfssgs hnhro`gs
`nthr`frhs quh pgrt`c`pgi lh Ug , h quh thifs lh hscbgrhchr, lh dgzhr tfrngr-sh
\fv !
Ihsif g phssfg ig`s igblfsg, g ig`s `n`i`og, rhdbhth gquhbh quh sfifs.
]rfnunc`glg Uàg , hssg ihsig pgbgvrg tfig-sh hntãf "f gi`of", f "próx`if":
thnaf vfntglh lh l`zhr; sfihnth gquhbh cfi quhi pflhifs rhgb`zgr-nfs.
C`rcunc`lgr
rhspfnsçvh`sf lf
"hu" à cfihïgr
quh pflhifsg`igo`ngr.
b gvrgr g thrrg `nthr`fr phbg qugb sfifs ig`s
bgvrgr
Cr`stf l`z, dgbgnlf lgquhbh quh nãf dgz hssh trgegbaf;
"G hsth sh t`rgrç gtà ihsif f quh hbh nãf glqu`r`u" (Bc, Q@Q; 54)... g hsth sh t`rgrç
gtà ihsif f shu pfthnc`gb!
G c`rcunc`sãf à g egsh lh tflg gqu`s`ïãf.
À prhc`sf tgbagr g çrvfrh pgrg quh hbg drut`d`quh.
G ]rfcr`gïãf L`gnth lg Cr`gïãf
G ahifrrgo`g d`s`fbóo`cg pfr quh pgssg g iubahr
iub ahr tflfs fs ihshs hstç b`oglg g ui
r`tif bungr (h, cfsifbfo`cgihnth, cfif v`ifs, g Bug cfrrhspfnlh g Phsfl).
Hbg fehlhch g hssg bh` lg quhlg, shounlf g qugb g auign`lglh, nhssh névhb, phrlh
f shu sgnouh.
Hi Phsfl, Hvg “ quh à g auign`lglh “ hstç dhr`lg.
H, pfr hssh dhr`ihntf, hbg phrlh g sug hnhro`g cr`glfrg.
Hssg à g rgzãf phbg qugb, hi tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs, g iubahr, lurgnth f phréflf lh
sugs rhorgs, à cfns`lhrglg `ipurg.
@ipurg, `stf à, quh d`cg nf nãf-rhgb`zglf, g iubahr f à tgieài ng prfcr`gïãf: h,
lurgnth qugrhntg l`gs, gpós thr pfstf uig cr`gnïg nf iunlf, à ignt`lg dfrg lf
\hipbf, hi phn`tënc`g.
]hn`tënc`g quh lhvhr`g shr uig tfiglg lh cfnsc`ënc`g lg l`ihnsãf hxgtg lg
igthrn`lglh hxthr`fr, hi rhbgïãf íquhbg quh fntfbfo`cgihnth f Afihi thi pgrg
gssui`r.
@ipfrtg prhc`sgr gqu` quh hssg dunïãf lh igthrn`lglh hsshnc`gb à prforgiglg nf
nfih lh Glãf.
Glãf  à cfnstruélf sferh g bhtrg Lgbhta , f <, g pgrglg, quh rflh`g g pgbgvrg
Hi , g "iãh".
Aç g`nlg gé uig cfntrgl`ïãf!
Sh aç igthrn`lglh, cr`gïãf, aç ifv`ihntf, v`lg.
Glãf, gnths lh pür nf iunlf f lhus quh hbh à, lhvh v`vhr thipfs lh pgrglg
gpgrhnth, quh sãfGlãf
Hsshnc`gbihnth, o hstgïøhs
ohstgïøhs
à iãh fntfbóo`cgs.
lh s` ihsif pgrg s` ihsif, pgrg `r gtà f d`i lh s`
ihsif pgssgnlf pfr "pfrtgs" suchss`vgs (quh g pgbgvrg Lgbhta “ dfrig pbhng lg
bhtrg  “ s`on`d`cg).
Gphsgr lg quhlg, lg phrlg lf cgi`naf lg Shihbagnïg, Glãf hstç
dunlgihntgbihnth dfriglf ng sug vfcgïãf, igs hstg sh rhgb`zgrç gofrg ng lfr;
"Guihntgrh` f nûihrf lgs tugs cfnchpïøhs, tu lgrçs í buz ng lfr" (On, @@@; 74).
Glãf  à g`nlg Hl  h Lgi , "vgpfr"' h "sgnouh"; íoug nãf-rhgb`zglg, quh
lhvh rhgb`zgr-sh hi sgnouh, hbh própr`f
próp r`f nãf-rhgb`zglf hi rhbgïãf gf tftgbihnth
rhgb`zglf; f Hspér`tf.
G çoug-vgpfr , phsglg lh hnhro`gs g cuipr`r, thi pfr p fr vfcgïãf hxtrg`r-sh lgs
prfdunlhzgs sfe f `ipubsf lf lhshkf lh Lhus.
Wugnlf hstç b`oglg g ui lhshkf lh gqu`s`ïãf hxthr`fr, f sgnouh hscfrrh pgrg f
hxthr`fr.
Gss`i gcfnthch cfi gs rhorgs lg iubahr.
Gss`i gcfnthch cfi tflg phrlg lh sgnouh.
 

Fs pfvfs gn`iglfs lf lhshkf lh pflhr,

p flhr, gt`rgnlf-sh uns cfntrg fs futrfs n ngs
gs
ouhrrgs drgtr`c`lgs, phrlhi phr`fl`cgihnth f shu sgnouh, g sug gbig, h d`cgi
d`xglfs hi r`tifs bungrhs quh nhnauig gurfrg, nhnauig cr`gïãf cr` gïãf gss`ngbg!
Wugnlf g auign`lglh thrç c`nqòhntg gnfs6
]f`s, sg`nlf lfs qugrhntg, cgi`nagnlf ng l`rhïãf gf orgnlh kue`bhu lf nûihrf
c`nqòhntg, g iubahr hstç b`vrh lgs sugs ahifrrgo`gs.
ahifr rgo`gs.
B`vrh lg prfcr`gïãf, hbg lhvhrç, nhssg `lglh, sh t`vhr pgssglf phbg "]frtg lfs
Afihns", phnhtrgr ng pr`igvhrg lf shu lhv`r
l hv`r fntfbóo`cf, cr`glfr.
Hxthr`frihnth,
iunlf (f ihsif hbgfcfrrh
hnvhbahch,
cfi figs `nthr`frihnth hbg hntrg ng gbhor`g lh sh pür nf
afihi).
Hi aherg`cf, g pgbgvrg Ou`b  quhr l`zhr "`lglh" fu "gbhor`g"!
G ig`fr pgrth lgs iubahrhs nhssg `lglh hscfnlh-sh sfe g içscgrg lh uig dgbsg
pr`igvhrg.
G auign`lglh `nth`rg hstç nhssg `igohi: hbg g`nlg nãf pgssfu g "]frtg lfs
Afihns".
Hbg phrlh gs sugs hnhro`gs, f shu sgnouh, g sug gbig.
@ipurg, hbg f à ng ihl`lg hi quh, tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglg cfi gs hnhro`gs nãf-
rhgb`zglgs, phrignhch nãf-rhgb`zglg.
G pur`d`cgïãf à rhgb`zgïãf.
r hgb`zgïãf.
G igthrn`lglh hxthr`fr pflh d`cgr ngs
n gs cgthofr`gs lh nãf-rhgb`zgïãf qugnlf g
iubahr dgz l`ssf ui fekht`vf hi s`.
Hbg pflh shr f cgi`naf lh rhgb`zgïãf, h à hntãf ui lfs ig`s ehbfs cgi`nafs!
G cr`gnïg nãf à ig`s "ehzhrrf lhl h furf", igs écfnh lg cr`gnïg l`v`ng, h g
igthrn`lglh
l`gnth, hxthr`fr
ife`b`zg sugs hncfntrg sugv`stg
hnhro`gs hi rhssfnånc`g
lh sugsnf `nthr`fr lg
ohstgïøhs iubahr quh, lgé hi
`nthr`frhs.
Fs afihns, kuntgihnth cfi gquhbgs quh, hntrh gs iubahrhs, nãf pflhi rhgb`zgr g
igthrn`lglh hxthr`fr, d`cgi pr`vglfs lhssg hxphr`ënc`g.
Hbhs nãf d`cgi, nf hntgntf, pr`vglfs lh nuihrfsfs futrfs iflfs
i flfs pgrg cahogr í
igthrn`lglh `nthr`fr.
Kgcfe, quh sh shpgrg lf shu `riãf Hsgû, à f própr`f t`pf lh tflf shr quh, tfignlf
l`stånc`g lh s` ihsif, cgi`nag ng l`rhïãf lfs shus hspfnsg`s `nthr`frhs h lgs sugs
igthrn`lglhs.
À nf cgi`naf lhsshs hspfnsg`s quh Kgcfe thi f sfnaf lg hscglg lh quh dgbh`
gnthr`frihnth.
G hscglg rhpfusg hieg`xf, hi thrrg, nui buogr cagiglf Bfuz .
Hi rhbgïãf g hssg hscglg cósi`cg, Bfuz cfrrhspfnlh í egsh lg cfbung vhrthergb,
`stf à, dunlgihntgbihnth, í shpa`rga Phsfl.
Bfuz à g "gihnlfh`rg".
Igs tgieài
Nãf nãf àdbfrhschr
sh pflh dgzhr hstrgnafggf vhref Bgbfuz,
gihnlfh`rg "lhstgcgr-sh,
shnãf gpós thr-sh shpgrgr-sh".
shpgrglf lgqu`bf quh
nãf thi b`ogïãf cfi g cfnqu`stg lf Pfl,
P fl, cfi g cfnqu`stg lg hthrn`lglh.
G giënlfg “ séiefbf lh hthrn`lglh “ à ui drutf lh buz hscfnl`lg ng cgscg lf
thipf.
G cgscg pflh shr v`stg cfif gs "phbhs", fu g`nlg cfif f prhpûc`f.
Kgcfe ife`b`zg Bfuz h g bhvg cfns`of pgrg dgzë-bg dbfrhschr, pgrg `r lf séiefbf gf
grquàt`pf, lg `igohi í Shihbagnïg.
À pfr `ssf quh Kgcfe lç ui futrf nfih í thrrg sferh g qugb rhpfusg g hscglg.
Bfuz vg` sue`r g hscglg cfi hbh.
Cfntg uig trgl`ïãf quh nós thifs ng egsheg sh lg cfbung vhrthergb ui fss`naf
`iputrhscévhb quh f própr`f dfof nãf pflh lhstru`r: à f nfssf nûcbhf lh hthrn`lglh.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 7=

F tr`ånoubf Afl-Nhtsga-Phsfl fu f ]bhxf Xrfohn`tgb

Uhdbhxf lg tréglh suphr`fr quh bah lç f nfih, hssh tr`ånoubf à f rhchptçcubf lg

pr`ih`rg lgs ohstgïøhs lf Afihi g cgi`naf lg sug trgnsdfrigïãf hi Thref.
Í `igohi lf ebfcf gul`fvfcgb quh, nf névhb lg cgehïg, cfnst`tu` uig un`lglh
hier`fbóo`cg, f ebfcf urfohn`tgb gprhshntg `lënt`cg hstruturg dunlgihntgb.
Nf névhb lh
shigngs cglg
gpós uig lhssgs
l hssgs
g dfrigïãf lf lugs un`lglhs,
hier`ãf: fphrg-sh
g gul`ïãf uig l`dhrhnc`gïãf,
l`st`nouh-sh gbouigs
lg vfz: g dunïãf
rhngb l`st`nouh-sh lg dunïãf ohn`tgb.
Cglg uig lhssgs lugs un`lglhs fehlhch g uig rhsp`rgïãf
r hsp`rgïãf dunlgihntgb, g ui
"sfprf", quh g bhtrg aherg`cg  (Ah`) s`iefb`zg, cukf trgïglf pr`i`t`vf lhb`nh`g ui
afihnz`naf (Thr lhshnaf 7 lg D`ourg 55), quh hsthnlh fs pubiøhs, fs ergïfs h gs
iãfs (lf qugb cglg bglf cfnst`tu` g bhtrg  lf grquàt`pf l`v`nf lg hspglg lf  )
pgrg g vhrt`cgb.
F lhshnaf lg bhtrg hvfbu`, hi shou`lg, b`i`tgnlf-sh gf lg pgrth lh c`ig lf cfrpf,
quh, vfbtgnlf-sh pgrg f Càu, fr`hntg-sh
fr` hntg-sh hntãf pgrg g afr`zfntgb, pgrg hstgr ng
fr`ohi lg nfssg bhtrg "H".(Thr lhshnaf 5 lg D`ourg 55)
Hssg cfnshqòënc`g lf lrgig lg quhlg pgrhch shr bhvglg ig`s bfnoh h thr
rhtfrnglf f sfprf pgrg f fpfstf lg sug vhrt`cgb`lglh fr`o`ngb; g pgrth eg`xg lf
cfrpf à cfnst`tuélg pfr hssh ûbt`if rhtfrnf.
Xig `igohi trgl`c`fngb lf Afihi à vhrlglh`rgihnth g lfs lf`s  `nvhrt`lfs.
Hbg `nscrhvh, hntãf, hsphbaglfs, f shxf h f vhref. 
F lhshnaf 3 lg D`ourg 55, gchntug hssg lupbg dunïãf "sfprf", uig lgs qug`s, hi
c`ig, b`oglg gf dfof, ogrgnt`rç g dunïãf Thref cr`glfr, `nshpgrçvhb
` nshpgrçvhb lg hscutg, h g
futrg, hieg`xf, b`oglg í çoug, ogrgnth g dunïãf quh bah à s`ieób`cg; g prfcr`gïãf,
cukf fekht`vf à rhgb`zgr fs thipfs.

D`ourg 55
Hstg ûbt`ig à `nshpgrçvhb lg dunïãf rhngb, "frhbag"
"frhba g" lhssh hstço`f, g cukf rhsph`tf,
pgrg cfifl`lglh lh hxpfs`ïãf, rhihtf gf hstulf dh`tf nf cgpétubf shou`nth.
G hssh Aà  `ndhr`fr cfrrhspfnlh f tr`ånoubf shpa`rót`cf Phsfl-Afl-Nhtsga, hi quh
nfs lhthifs gofrg. 

Nhbh, g "rhsp`rgïãf ohn`tgb" hstç tãf ehi b`oglg

b` oglg í dfrigïãf lg cr`gnïg hxthr`fr
qugntf í lg cr`gnïg `nthr`fr, shnlf uig “ kç f v`ifs “ f séiefbf lg futrg.
(À pfr `ssf, gb`çs, thnagifs cfnsc`ënc`g l`ssf, quh uig cr`gnïg crhschrç ihbafr, nf
vhrlglh`rf shnt`lf lf thrif, ng ihl`lg hi quh fs shus pg`s d`zhrhi crhschr g sug
própr`g cr`gnïg `nthr`fr.)
G bhtrg  à "ohrih lh v`lg".
À nf sfprf quh Lhus nfs nfih`g.
À hi tfrnf lf NFIH sgorglf lh cglg ui lh nós quh sfifs "cr`glfs", h lhpf`s
"dh`tfs".
 

ZHsshs lf`s vhrefs, Egrg (cr`gr) h Gssfa (dgzhr) sãf ehi l`st`ntfs
l` st`ntfs ng ngrrgt`vg lf
Oënhs`s.Y
Sh sãf prhc`sfs gphngs nfvh ihshs pgrg thri`ngr
thri` ngr g cr`gnïg hxthr`fr, à prhc`sf uig
v`lg `nth`rg pgrg dgzhr g cr`gnïg `nthr`fr h cfnluz`-bg lf shu hstglf hier`fnçr`f
s`tuglf nhssh névhb (`igohi) gf hstglf lh Thref cr`glfr gf qugb à cagiglg
(shihbagnïg).
Dunlgihntgbihnth, hssh tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr cfrrhspfnlh, gss`i cfif fs lf`s futrfs,
g hspgïfs lh iutgïãf, quh fs ca`nhshs cfnahchi ehi h quh cagigi "cgipfs lh
c`nçer`f".
"Shounlf fs tgfçtgs, f shu lhsphrtgr cfncfrrh pgrg g euscg lg `ifrtgb`lglh."
\hnaf lûv`lg lh quh g vhrlglh`rg pgbgvrg ca`nhsg nãf cfrrhspfnlg gnths í "euscg
lg hthrn`lglh", pf`s hssg à g fntfbfo`g lf Afihi pgrg fs aherhus.

F pr`ih`rf cgipf quh nfs `nthrhssg,

` nthrhssg, gqu`, à f hspgïf lh rhgb`zgïãf
r hgb`zgïãf lg dusãf shxugb
cfi f futrf.
F cgipf lh c`nçer`f tfrçc`cf prhs`l`rç í dusãf cfns`of ihsif.
F cgipf lh c`nçer`f crgn`gnf prhs`l`rç í dusãf cfi f un`vhrsgb nf hncfntrf cfi f
ûn`cf.
Gli`rçvhb ihnsgohi quh vhi cfnd`rigr g lfs aherhus!
Nf névhb lf cgipf lh c`nçer`f phbv`gnf “ fu lf nfssf tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr “ 
prfchssgi-sh fs hncfntrfs cfi f futrf, h f shu drutf ehi cfncrhtf shrç f dhtf,
duturf d`baf lf afihi.
Igs, rgrgihnth, igthrn`lglh-pgthrn`lglh cfrrhspfnlhi g ui "lhsphrtgr" lhssh l hssh
chntrf. fs tgféstgs dgbgi lf lhsphrtgr, dgbgi “ cfif fs aherhus “ lh uig nfvg
Wugnlf
"hscutg" g uig `ndfrigïãf nãf ig`s hxthr`fr, igs `nthr`fr, gtrg`nlf g gehrturg
gehrt urg
pgrg uig nfvg cfnsc`ënc`g.
Nhssh ihsif hstço`f, sh hxhrch uig futrg frlhi lg shxugb`lglh lf glfbhschnth;
shu hncfntrf cfi f shu ih`f, g sug cubturg, cfi tulf gqu`bf quh cfncfrrh pgrg
iflhbç-bf h quh sh lhl`cg, nf ig`s lgs vhzhs, g egngb`zç-bf.
Hntãf, hbh fu à lhstruélf nf shu "Hu" prfdunlf, f shu Pfl, fu à shbvgohihnth
prfvglf pfr hssh iunlf quh nãf tfbhrg g sug "l`dhrhnïg".
Hssh ih`f hxthr`fr à g auign`lglh hi ohrgb, quh sh pflh cfns`lhrgr cfif
fehl`hnth í ihsig bh` lh crhsc`ihntf quh ui afihi.
Frg, hbg nãf sg`u g`nlg lhssh pr`ih`rf vhntrh, g`nlg nãf pgssfu phbg "]frtg lfs
Afihns": hbg à `ncgpgz, pfr s` ihsig, lh dgzhr quh ui lfs shus pgssh pfr hbg.
Sugs `nst`tu`ïøhs “ hscfbgs, un`vhrs`lglhs, orupfs sfc`g`s, pgrt`lfs pfbét`cfs lh
tflfs fs cgntfs fu cfiun`lglhs quh sh quhrhi iu`tf rhb`o`fsgs “ rhluzhi
qugbquhr gsp`rgïãf lfs quh hstãf b`oglfs gfs shus hsquhigs gsshourglfrhs,
pfrquh hstãf cfndfrihs cfi g bóo`cg lf shu pr`ih`rf cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g
gesfbutg.
À gphsgr lhbg, iu`tgs vhzhs cfntrg hbg, quh gquhbh quh lhvh ngschr ng "]frtg lfs
Afihns" gssuih sug hvfbuïãf gtà f d`i.
Nhssh hstço`f, hbh dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lh uig sfb`lãf lhshsphrglfrg.
Shiprh sh hstç só pgrg ngschr h ifrrhr: igs g sfb`lãf hxphr`ihntglg nfs futrfs
hstço`fs, pfr ig`fr quh hbg shkg, nãf hstç cfntulf tgcaglg phbg lhshsphrgnïg quh
hxphr`ihntg gquhbh quh, gf pgrt`r, `onfrg
` onfrg tulf lf cgi`naf.
Nhssh hstço`f, f glfbhschnth tfig cfnsc`ënc`g lg hscrgv`lãf quh f prhnlh,
prhnl h, lfs
shus ihlfs, lfs ihlfs h hscrgv`løhs lf iunlf, h lf gesurlf nf qugb hbh h f
iunlf o`rgi.
Hbh cfnahch f sfdr`ihntf, g lfhnïg h vë g ifrth cahogr.
L`v`l`lf hntrh gqu`bf quh prhsshnth lh `nd`n`tf nhbh h gqu`bf g quh f iunlf f rhluz,
thrç dfrïg lh phrshvhrgr pgrg lhscfer`r ui shnt`lf hi tulf `ssf hi gboui buogr6
Lhscfer`r f shnt`lf; à `ssf f lhsphrtgr.
l hsphrtgr.
\hnthifs
cgipf, h, gngb`sgr í buz lf thnthifs
cfnahchnlf-gs, "Cfrpf l`v`nf" gs hnhro`gs
rhun`-bgs quh thchi
pgrg ife`b`zgr f Pflhssh
cfipr`ih`rf
kusthzg h
cfnst`tu`r sfb`lgihnth f hier`ãf lg cr`gnïg `nthr`fr.
 

]hnhtrgnlf hssh pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf, nf `nstgnth lg puehrlglh, f glfbhschnth

rhcheh gs hnhro`gs lgs trës shpa`rfta
shpa` rfta Afl-Nhtsga-Phsfl, ngs qug`s pflhifs
hsquhigt`cgihnth lhscfer`r gs qugb`lglhs ngschnths lgqu`bf quh shrç f drutf lg
Çrvfrh auigng.
Hssh drutf nfs à lhscr`tf nf B`vrf lf Oënhs`s; à "efi pgrg cfihr, lhshkçvhb gfs
fbafs, h cfndfrtglfr  pgrg
 pgrg cfnshou`r" (On, @@@; 4).
Z\rgluzf g pgbgvrg Nhahifl ( ) nãf shounlf g sug gchpïãf cfrrhnth
egngb`zglg, "ohnt`b-orgc`fsf", igs gprfx`ignlf-g lg sug ht`ifbfo`g quh cfipfrtg
cgbfr-hnhro`g-lhshkf h tgieài rhcfndfrtf-rhpfusf.Y
Hsshs trës cfipfnhnths sãf gquhbhs lg nfssg hstruturg fntfbóo`cg;
“ f Afihi à cagiglf g ofzgr lf cfnahc`ihntf lh Lhus “ Ofzf, b`oglf í
shpa`rga Phsfl, lh quh gcgegifs lh dgbgr:
“ à cagiglf g glqu`r`r f cfnahc`ihntf “ ]fssh, b`oglg í shpa`rga Afl, g Obór`g
l`v`ng quh tulf prhhncah:
“ à, d`ngbihnth, cagiglf í fn`pftënc`g sferh g Cr`gïãf,
Cr` gïãf, í dfrïg `nvhncévhb quh bah
ba h
cfndhrh f cfnahc`ihntf lh Lhus “]flhr b`oglf í shpa`rga Nhtsga.
Grquht`p`cgihnth, "g Lhus phrthnchi f Uh`nf, f ]flhr h g Obór`g".
Cgeh gf Afihi hntrgr ng pgrt`c`pgïãf lfs shus lfns.
Sãf hbhs quh, g pgrt`r lg glfbhscënc`g, lurgnth tflf f thipf lg sug ohstgïãf
`nthr`fr, hscubphi f Afihi, fer`ognlf-f g cgi`nagr lfbfrfsgihnth gtrgvàs lfs
grcgnfs lg v`lg h lf bge`r`ntf lh hxphr`ënc`gs, hi l`rhïãf í pfrtg hstrh`tg lf shu
vhrlglh`rf ngsc`ihntf.
Sãf
Hstg hssgs ihsigs hnhro`gs
nãf rhoubgihntfu g`nlgquh trgegbagi glfauign`lglh
fs prfebhigs glfbhschnth.
prgzhr, gphsgr lh Drhul, nhi lf
pflhr, gphsgr lh Glbhr, nhi lg pfssh, gphsgr lh Igrx!

Hsshs trës orgnlhs grgutfs lgs c`ënc`gs auigngs lh afkh rhluzhi

r hluzhi g hssh pr`ih`rf
tr`ånoubf fs grquàt`pfs quh, `ncfnsc`hnthihnth, fs `nsp`rgi, hi buogr lh cfnv`lgr
g auign`lglh g v`vhr cfnsc`hnthihnth hsshs trës cfipfnhnths hnhroàt`cfs
hnhr oàt`cfs
hsshnc`g`s í buz lf shu rhsphct`vf grquàt`pf, h pgrg gt`no`r cglg ui lhbhs.
Nf hntgntf, só ng gehrturg pgrg g Uhgb`lglh grquhtép`cg à quh pflhrhifs rhsfbvhr
fs orgnlhs prfebhigs quh l`v`lhi f iunlf h nfs l`v`lhi.
Orgnlhs `ipubsfs lh ohnhrfs`lglh dfrgi cgntglfs phbf a`nfa` nf lh tréglhs tg`s cfif
"B`ehrlglh-@ougblglh-Drgthrn`lglh".
Hssgs nãf sãf hstrgnags gf nfssf fekht`vf, igs, rhluz`lgs ís cgthofr`gs `ndgnt`s
ngs qug`s nfrigbihnth sãf v`v`lgs, nglg ig`s dgzhi lf quh lhsbfcgr
l hsbfcgr fs prfebhigs
shi rhsfbvë-bfs, nãf shnlf ohrglfrgs lh nhnauig
n hnauig hvfbuïãf.
Frg, trgtg-sh
\rgtg-sh lh sue`rgs
lh cfnstru`r g hscglg
nfssgs lh lhzKgcfe q uh gvàrthergs
quh
pr`ih`rgs nfssg cfbung vhrthergb
“ c`ncf s`iefb`zg.
sgorglgs, c`ncf
bfiegrhs “ pfr ih`f lh l h trgegbafs cukf ihstrh-lh-fergs euscgifs
lhshsphrglgihnth.
Hssh ihstrh hstç hi nós.
Wugbquhr ihstrh, nf hxthr`fr, só f à vhrlglh`rf sh susc`tg hssg l`ihnsãf hi nós
ihsifs.
H ui lfs ih`fs lh susc`tç-bf à shou`r fs pgssfs lhsshs orgnlhs cfnstrutfrhs lh
rh`nfs `nthr`frhs, quh sãf fs ahró`s
a hró`s lfs nfssfs i`tfs.
Cfbfcgr nfssfs pgssfs sferh fs lhbhs, nfssfs cfrgïøhs nf cfrgïãf lhbhs h dgzhr
lhschr gtà gé g nfssg `nthb`oënc`g à ui cgi`naf, gquhbh quh g prfl`o`fsg r`quhzg
r`qu hzg
lfs nfssfs thxtfs sgorglfs fu prfdgnfs nfs prfpøh, pf`s só à "prfdgnf" nhssh
bhoglf lf `ncfnsc`hnth cfbht`vf f quh tfcg fs fbafs prfdgnfs, cfif ui sfnaf à
cfns`lhrglf "efef" pfr quhi nãf sgeh lhc`drgr g b`nougohi l`v`ng.
\flfs fs i`tfs gchrtgi g sug cfntg ngs trës hnhro`gs
hn hro`gs dunlgihntg`s ]rgzhr-]fssh-
]flhr, cukfs thntçcubfs sh grrgncgi tãf gsphrgihnth h thihrfsgihnth nf iunlf
lf \HU, rhfr`hntgnlf-fs pgrg f hstço`f lf SHU.
Igs gbouns lhntrh hbhs pr`v`bho`gi,
pr` v`bho`gi, gnths, ui lfs gsphctfs lg nfssg tréglh
hsshnc`gb.
 

Tgifs, gss`i, gefrlgr suchss`vgihnth g a`stór`g lf l`bûv`f “ cfiui g tflgs gs

trgl`ïøhs “ fcupgnlf-nfs, cfi Nfà, lg gqu`s`ïãf lf prgzhr, í qugb sh fpøh f
gnçrqu`cf h f gesurlf, fekhtf lh tflf lhshncgntgihntf.
Lhpf`s, g a`stór`g lg pgssgohi lfs aherhus nfn f Ho`tf, hi quh, lurgnth
qugtrfchntfs h tr`ntg gnfs, hssh pfvf hxphr`ihntg
hxphr` ihntg g ig`s gigrog shrv`lãf nuig
thrrg hstrgnag.
Shrhifs, hntãf, sgcul`lfs ngs lhz cfntrgïøhs lh ui ngsc`ihntf quh susc`tgrç
If`sàs g v`vhr g ]çscfg, g "pgssgohi", h g shou`r f l`v`nf ou`g ng cfnqu`stg, ng
pfssh
Hnd`i,lg "thrrg
uig prfiht`lg".
a`stór`g lh bge`r`ntf, g lf orhof \hshu, quh ih pgrhch g ig`s
hscbgrhchlfrg, phbf nhogt`vf, kç quh g `onfrånc`g lf ahró` f cfnluz í ig`s
bgihntçvhb lgs `busøhs lh pflhr.
]grg hnchrrgr hsth hstulf, vfbtgrhifs g Kgcfe h cfiegthrhifs cfi hbh, lurgnth
tflg uig nf`th “ g nf`th lg nfssg ohstgïãf “, pgrg ngschr pgrg g buz. b uz.
Shu dhr`ihntf ngs gncgs shrç g b`nougohi dunlgihntgb lhssg htgpg.
Lhpf`s ihroubagrhifs ngs çougs lf egt`sif cfi Cr`stf, pgrg hihro`r hihro` r lgquhbgs
ngs qug`s hssg pgrth igtr`c`gb lf nfssf cfrpf nfs
n fs rhtài, g d`i lh `r cfi Hbh pgrg f
egt`sif lh dfof, nf névhb lf cfrgïãf.
Gss`i, rhgb`zgrhifs g pr`ih`rg pgrth lg nfssg v`gohi `nthr`fr,
`nthr`f r, v`gohi gf chntrf lg
nfssg pr`ih`rg thrrg. 

7. = L`bûv`f
F l`bûv`f à g própr`g
própr` g `igohi lf cgfs lf iunlf, lg sug gngrqu`g.
"Gn-grcah"
(gs çougs lh (ht`ifbfo`cgihnth; "shilgquhbh
eg`xf, Ig) à shpgrglf grquàt`pf")
lh quhs`on`d`cg quh f iunlf
hbh prfchlh lh eg`xf
(gs çougs lh c`ig,
I`) h gf qugb hstç fntfbfo`cgihnth b`oglf, nf shounlf l`g lf Oënhsh, phbfs
Sagig`i, fs "càus".
Fs càus sãf, pgrg f Afihi, fs l`dhrhnths cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g fu cgipfs
hnhroàt`cfs lh quh hbh à cfnst`tuélf, igs quh, sfe f s`iefb`sif
s`ief b`sif lgs "çougs", nãf
hstãf g`nlg rhgb`zglfs.
Gs hnhro`gs quh fs cfipøhi hstãf lhntrf lh nós ("F Uh`nf lh Lhus hstç lhntrf lh
vós" “ Bc, QT@@; 57), h sãf hbgs quh, shpgrglgs lf iunlf l`v`nf, nãf n ãf tëi ig`s
nhnaui shnt`lf.
Hbgs sãf fekhtf lg nfssg v`lg pgss`fngb h pséqu`cg.
Sãf lhvfrglgs, cfif v`ifs, pfr Sgtgnçs.
F l`bûv`f à uig `iprhss`fngnth lhscr`ïãf lh cglg ui lh nós nf shu hstglf lh
`ncfnsc`ënc`g tftgb (lf qugb dgz pgrth f quh cagigifs g "cfnsc`ënc`g ifrgb" h `ssf,
cglg vhz ig`s phr`ofsgihnth, pf`s hbg à cfndunl`lg cfi ui lhsphrtgr lg
cfnsc`ënc`g).
@iprhss`fngnth lhscr`ïãf tgieài lf hstglf gtugb lg auign`lglh.
Nf thipf lh Nfà, "fs afihns
a fihns iubt`pb`cgvgi-sh sferh g \hrrg h só punagi d`bags
nf iunlf".
Cfi surprhhnlhnth cfnc`sãf, g s`tugïãf nfs à l`tg;
l` tg; hi rhbgïãf í frlhi l`v`ng
"crhsch` h iubt`pb`cg`-vfs", fs afihns hsquhchi lh crhschr h iubt`pb`cgr-sh nf
hxthr`fr, nf "rh`nf lg qugnt`lglh".
qu gnt`lglh".
Só pøhi d`bags nf iunlf, f quh s`on`d`cg quh nhnaui shr “ nhi afihi, nhi
iubahr “ à igscub`nf `nthr`frihnth, `stf à, nhnaui sh bhierg lfs shus càus
`nthr`frhs, lgs sugs hnhro`gs: nhnaui sh bhierg lg sug hspfsg @sag, quh hbh thi
lh cfnqu`stgr pgrg rhgb`zgr-sh.
Bhierhifs quh, hi aherg`cf, gs pgbgvrgs "igscub`nf" h "bhiergr-sh"
"bhiergr -sh" tëi g
ihsig rg`z , h quh f "dhi`n`nf" “  N`qvg “ à ui "eurgcf" quh cfntài f
shorhlf lf NFIH.
Igs, shi ferg igscub`ng, à ui eurgcf vgz`f.
H f shr auignf à tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglf cfi hssh vgz`f quh hbh cuiubg lh tflfs
fs gt`v`sifs hxthr`frhs; hsshnc`gbihnth, hbh cfih, eheh, lfrih, rhprfluz-sh,
r hprfluz-sh,
trgegbag (hstulgrhifs g hscrgv`lãf), nf ihlf h nf pån`cf
pån` cf lh phrlhr shus prflutfs
lh cfnsuif, ihlf quh f i`ng.
 

Hbh sfdrh, hntrhog-sh cfif pgstf g Sgtgnçs: hsoftglf, hbh ifrrh.

H h`s f quh gcfnthch cfi Nfà “  Nfga hi aherg`cf “, nfih cukg rg`z hstç
b`oglg ís nfïøhs lh "cfnluz`r" h "rhpfusf",
"r hpfusf", "cfnsfbgïãf" tgieài, h
"grrhphnl`ihntf".
Shu pg` Bhihja f pøh
pø h nf iunlf l`zhnlf; "Hsth nfs cfnsfbgrç lgs nfssgs dgl`ogs h
lf trgegbaf phnfsf lgs nfssgs iãfs, v`nlf lg Glgiga quh  gigbl`ïffu"
(On, T;50).
G vfcgïãfquh
rhpfusf, lh àNfà hstç `nscr`tg
f hstglf nf shu nfih;
lh "shihbagnïg", hbh sh lf
f hstglf grrhphnlh, cfnsfbg
cgsgihntf h cfnluz gf
l`v`nf-auignf.
]r`iéc`gs lf Ihss`gs quh v`rç “ l`z, rhdhr`nlf-sh g Nfà, Sgntf A`bçr`f lh ]f`t`hrs
quh, nf shu \rgtglf lfs i`stàr`fs, dgbg lgs prfdhc`gs lh Bhihja lg shou`nth
ignh`rg; "quh hbg nãf pflh shr gpb`cglg
gpb` cglg pbhngihnth gf Nfà hi quhstãf... igs
íquhbh quh l`ssh; v`nlh g i`i tflfs fs quh hstg`s dgt`oglfs h `nkur`glfs h hu vfs
cfnsfbgrh`. F ihu kuof à lfch h f ihu dgrlf à bhvh".
 Të g cfrrupïãf lf Afihi.
Hbh sh grrhphnlh lh të-bf dh`tf (nãf cr`glf “ quh à g ferg lh Hbfa`i).
F "dgzhr" à f trgegbaf `nthr`fr lf Afihi, gf qugb prhs`lh  ng sug hx`oënc`g lh
crhsc`ihntf.
Gqu`, nãf sh trgtg lf grrhphnl`ihntf lh Lhus, igs lf grrhphnl`ihntf lf Afihi
ng qugb`lglh lh  , quh hbh à hi pfthnc`gb.
 l`z g Nfà; "Ihu hspér`tf nãf rh`ngrç nf Afihi pgrg quh hbh hb h phrignhïg

v`rohi"
Nãf nfs (On, T@; 3). lh quh g vfcgïãf lf Afihi à hsshnc`gbihnth f cgsgihntf
hsquhïgifs
cfns`of ihsif pgrg pür nf iunlf f  quh hbh à, h hntrgr, hntãf, nf cgsgihntf
l`v`nf.
"\gntf qugntf hsth (Glãf) à cgrnh", gcrhschntg .
H g pgbgvrg "cgrnh" “ Egsgr “ à g cgrnh-thrrg pr`ifrl`gb quh nf shu chntrf “ g
bhtrg  “ cfntài f nûcbhf, f Sahi, buogr lf ûbt`if cgsgihntf.
"75= gnfs" bah sãf lglfs pgrg gt`no`-bf.
gt`no` -bf.
" Sh pøh g trgegbagr f cfrgïãf lf Afihi".
Hbh prhv`nh Nfà lf quh vg` gcfnthchr.
Lhpf`s, f própr`f Hbfa`i `nthrvài h l`z g Nfà; "Cahofu g cfnsuigïãf lh tflg
cgrnh" (On, T@; 73).
H hssg pgbgvrg aherg`cg  Whts, lh vgbfr 0== + 7== 9 7===, quh trgluzf pfr
"cfnsuigïãf", nãf thi lh dgtf nglg g vhr cfi ui d`i-gnubgïãf pun`t`vf, igs
cfi f d`i lh ui thipf lh sfnf pgrg hntrgr nf lg rhgb`zgïãf.
 Wgæts à f "vhrãf", g hstgïãf lfs drutfs, lh quh f Pfl à f drutf hsshnc`gb.
Cfi hssg d`ngb`lglh, Hbfa`i frlhng quh Nfà cfnstrug uig grcg; fs gcfnthc`ihntfs
quh v`rãf vãf tfigr cfntg lh tflg gbig v`vg h fer`oç-bg g uig iutgïãf quh shrç
v`v`lg shounlf g hvfbuïãf própr`g lh cglg uig.
G grcg, g , \hega hi aherg`cf, à uig pgbgvrg lh orgnlh `ipfrtånc`g, pf`s
rhûnh gs lugs bhtrgs  h , quh dfrigi g pgbgvrg  Egta, g "d`bag", v`rohi lh
@srghb, h quh hnchrrgi, cfi hxchïãf lf Gbhpa  , g tftgb`lglh lgs bhtrgs lf
gbdgehtf “ s`iefb`cgihnth, tflgs gs hnhro`gs cr`glgs.
]hl`nlf-bah quh cfnstruéssh g sug \hega, Hbfa`i cfnv`lg Nfà g "tfigr cfntg" “ g
tfigr cfnsc`ënc`g “ lh tflgs gs sugs hnhro`gs, `stf à, g tfigr cfnsc`ënc`g lh s`
ihsif hnqugntf @sag, cfnt`nënc`g hnhroàt`cg quh hbh lhvhrç
l hvhrç phnhtrgr pgrg
lhspfsç-bg.
Nfà rhûnh tflgs gs sugs hnhro`gs; fs gn`ig`s, fs shrhs v`vfs ( Ag`fta hi
aherg`cf).
 

Hsshs "gn`ig`s" cfnst`tuhi fs cgipfs hnhroàt`cfs lgs l`dhrhnths thrrgs quh Nfà
lhvhrç lhspfsgr ng sug grcg, `stf à, hi s` ihsif.
]flhrégifs l`zhr quh Hbfa`i dgz Nfà pgssgr phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns",
`ntrfluz`nlf-f ng grcg.
Cfnv`lgnlf-f g dgzhr f trgegbaf quh hstulgrhifs nf hstço`f shou`nth, h quh kç
gefrlgifs ng orgnlh gvhnturg lh Àl`pf, Hbfa`i cfnluz Nfà pgrg g "]frtg lfs
lhushs".
G grcg lh Nfà à f nfssf shr `nthr`fr.
Hntãf.  cfnd`rig g frlhi lh Hbfa`i. 

Lhthnagif-nfs ui `nstgnth nhssg htgpg lg ngrrgt`vg; f prfchssf fphrgtór`f lf

nfssf trgegbaf nf tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr hstç gé gli`rgvhbihnth lhscr`tf.
Nui pr`ih`rf thipf “ `nthrvhnïãf lh  “, g cfnsc`ënc`g ngsch hi Nfà.
 dgbg h grrhegtg f Afihi ng sug hx`oënc`g lh gesfbutf.
À lhssg hx`oënc`g quh hu dgbgvg gnths, gf l`zhr quh g ig`fr pgrth lf thipf hbg sh
`nvhst`u hi `ipgsshs dgbsgihnth iést`cfs, pf`s f Afihi pfr hbg grrhegtglf à,
hntãf, `ihl`gtgihnth sfb`c`tglf phbgs vfzhs lf iunlf quh cferhi g lh  “ 
 

vfz lh tflgs gs `lhfbfo`gs lh suest`tu`ïãf quh `nvhsthi pfssh-prgzhr-pflhr, quh

gssuihi d`ngb`lglhs hi s` ihsigs, hi vhz lh rhcfnluz`r g Hbfa`i.
Frg, qugnlf   dgbg, sh dfrifs pgc`hnths h gthntfs, chlf fu tgrlh f própr`f
Lhus-Hbfa`i ifstrgrç f cgi`naf.
Hntrh g vfz lh  h g lh Hbfa`i,
Hbfa` i, lhb`nh`g-sh f bfnof phrcursf bge`rént`cf h
lfbfrfsf dh`tf lh sfb`c`tgïøhs lf iunlf ís qug`s nósn ós rhspfnlhifs, lgnlf-bahs
`ncfnsc`hnthihnth vgbfr lh gesfbutf “ ehzhrrfs lh furf “ h quh ohrgi gphngs
rhvhshs,
G lhchpïøhs,
ifrth pflh, hntãf,gigrourgs, sfb`lãf, fgesurlf,
grrhegtgr tgieài ifrth.
cfrpf dés`cf.
À g ifrth lh tflfs fs shrhs quh ifrrhi ngs çougs lf l`bûv`f gnths lh thr pgssglf
phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns".
“ Hsths "hxp`rgi", ‟Tgy`ovg‑  (On,
 (On, T@@; 57).
Igs hbg pflh shr `n`c`çt`cg,
`n` c`çt`cg, pflh cfbfcgr f Afihi nf cgi`naf lh Hbfa`i h
prhpgrç-bf pgrg fuv`r g Sug Tfz.
À g ifrth lfs quh bhvgi hi cfntg f sfprf l`v`nf hi s`.
“ Hsths "iulgi", ‟Ihtfu‑  (On,
 (On, T@@; 55).
Hbg pflh, g`nlg, grrhegtgr f Afihi quh fuv`u g vfz lh Hbfa`i, quh kç hstç hi
pgrth dfrg lgs çougs h quh cfnt`nug f trgegbaf.
Hsth hntrfu nf prfchssf lh ifrths
ifrt hs h rhssurrh`ïøhs suchss`vgs, hihro`u lf tr`ånoubf
`ndhr`fr h pgssfu phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns": hstç, hntãf, "gpgoglf" nf shnt`lf lh
"sut`b`zglf" ("shpgrgrçs f sut`b lf hsphssf") pgrg gssui`r ui phsf ngs gbturgs  
h lgs sugs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, gnths lhl h lhschr nfvgihnth gf , gqu`, gs çougs.

Só Hssh afihi hstç "sut`b`zglf", ‟Tgy`iga‑  (On, T@@;53).

“
Nfà "d`cg",  ‟Tgy`sagër‑ , pf`s hbh hstç tftgbihnth rhgb`zglf h tfig-sh g "bhvhlurg"
lg auign`lglh (On, T@@; 5<).
]f`s Nfà nãf lhu fuv`lf gboui
gbo ui ís sfb`c`tgïøhs hxthr`frhs.
Ignthvh `ntgctgs gs sugs hnhro`gs, quh hncfntrgrhifs nhbh ng dfrig lh tréglh nf
séiefbf lfs shus trës d`bafs;
“ Sahi, f NFIH, hstç b`oglf gf prgzhr:
“ Agi, f quhnth, b`oglf gf pflhr:
“ Pgpaht, hvfcgnlf "gehrturg", "hxthnsãf" h "ehbhzg", hstç b`oglf í pfssh.
Nfà thi 8== gnfs (8== à ohrih cósi`cf) qugnlf ngschi gs sugs hnhro`gs “ 
qugnlf  dgbg.
\ãf bfof thnagi ngsc`lf, hbgs nãf sãf hsoftglgs hi vãfs `nvhst`ihntfs.
@ntgctgs, vãf hntrgr ng grcg cfi Nfà.
Cglg uig lhbgs cfi f shu g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf, sfe f séiefbf lh cglg uig lgs
iubahrhs lfs shus trës d`bafs.
H hssgs trës iubahrhs,
nãf-rhgb`zglf lh Nfà). pfr sug vhz, hntrgi cfi g iubahr lh Nfà (f cfnkuntf lf
À, pf`s, cfnsc`hnthihnth, shou`lf lh s` ihsif h hi s` ihsif, quh Nfà hntrg ng
grcg.
Hbh thi 4== gnfs (nûihrf cósi`cf lg cfnkunïãf h lg dhcunl`lglh `nthr`frhs).  
Hssg cfnsc`ënc`g gesfbutg à hxprhssg phbg cfnd`rigïãf quh lç  í frlhi lh
Hbfa`i.
G frlhi quh Nfà rhcheh lh  sh gd`ng gtà ihsif hi rhbgïãf í lh Hbfa`i.
G fehl`ënc`g nãf à chog.
À gcbgrglg pfr uig buz supbhihntgr (cfipgrgr On, T@;
T @; 71-55, cfi On., T@@; 7-4).
Orgnlhzg lf Afihi, orgnlhzg lf shu Lhus `nthr`fr, quh trgz f shu hscbgrhc`ihntf
h g sug `ndfrigïãf phssfg`s í vfntglh l`v`ng!
l`v` ng!
Lf quh sh pgssg ng grcg lurgnth fs <= l`gs h <= nf`ths quh vëhi gs çougs lhstru`r
g \hrrg, nglg nfs df` l`tf.
l` tf.
Nglg, igs gf ihsif thipf, tulf.
Lh dgtf, Nfà hnv`g lf`s pçssgrfs quh vãf h vëi pgrg sgehr f thipf quh dgz lf
bglf lh dfrg h pgrg gdhr`r f névhb lgs çougs.
 

Frg, f thipf h fs gcfnthc`ihntfs hxthr`frhs sãf gphngs

gp hngs f póbf hxthr`fr lfs
gcfnthc`ihntfs quh fcfrrhi nf `nthr`fr lg grcg.
Nf shu thipbf `nthr`fr, Nfà rhgb`zg
r hgb`zg fs cgsgihntfs suchss`vfs pgrg ngschr lh s`
ihsif pgrg s` ihsif.
F vüf lf cfrvf “ s`onf gbquéi`cf lg "Ferg hi Nhorf" “ `ndfrig-nfs quh Nfà sh
gogrrg g uig \hrrg cfnqu`stglg pgrg lhschr ís prfdunlhzgs lf shu nãf-rhgb`zglf h
lhspfsgr uig pgrth lfs "gn`ig`s" quh vãf cfnst`tu`r uig nfvg \hrrg.
F vüf lg pfieg “ s`onf gbquéi`cf lg "Ferg hi Ergncf" “ `ndfrig-nfs quh Nfà,
r`cf
cfi lh
hbg.ui nfvf cgsgihntf ngs sugs prfdunlhzgs, crhsch pgrg g buz h sh dfrt`d`cg

F cfrvf rhvhzg-sh cfi g pfieg pgrg t`rgr Nfà lhssg \hrrg rhgb`zglg h dgzë-bf
lhschr lh nfvf pgrg ui nfvf cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g, pgrg ui nfvf igr (fu iãh)
`nthr`fr ig`s prfdunlf g`nlg pgrg lhspfsgr gs sugs hnhro`gs, cfi quh hbh dgrç g
\hrrg shou`nth, hihro`nlf pgrg uig buz g`nlg ig`fr.
Dfrg, pfucf g pfucf, tulf shcg...
 

F cfrvf h g pfieg sghi gbthrnglgihnth pgrg cfntgr-nfs hssg Orgnlh Ferg, ng

sug rhsphct`vg b`nougohi.
Gf d`ngb lh 78= l`gs, tulf hstç shcf (78 à f nûihrf sgorglf lh  ‟
  ‟Pga‑ ))..
Cfrvf h pfieg nãf vfbtgi ig`s.
Lhntrf, tulf hstç rhgb`zglf.
Nfà sg` lg grcg cfi g iubahr, h cglg ui lfs shus d`bafs cfi g sug.
Nfthifs ehi quh tflfs agv`gi hntrglf shpgrglfs phbf shxf.
Fs cgsgihntfs dfrgi chbherglfs lhntrf lg grcg.
Wugnlf Nfà sg` lg grcg, à f afihi tftgbihnth rhgb`zglf, quh pflh, lhssg vhz,
cfihr f drutf lg çrvfrh lf cfnahc`ihntf, pf`s hbh tfrnfu-sh f cfnahc`ihntf; hbh
gt`no`u g un`lglh.
G sgélg lg grcg à g pgssgohi lg "]frtg lfs lhushs", gbài lg qugb f Afihi cfbah
g shpa`rga Lggta, f cfnahc`ihntf, lh quh vfbtgrhifs g dgbgr qugnlf hstulgrifs g
t`ró`lh, cagiglg "pfif-lh-glãf".
Nfà pbgntg uig v`lh`rg, eheh lf shu v`naf, hier`gog-sh h lhsph-sh lheg`xf lg sug
thnlg.
Hsshs séiefbfs sãf fs lg hier`gouhz lf cfnahc`ihntf h lf tftgb lhsvhnlgihntf
lfs i`stàr`fs, gss`i cfif lg tftgb rhgb`zgïãf lg tûn`cg lh phbh quh sh tfifu buz
buz..
Nfà cfnahch prgzhr tftgb h tftgb pfssh lf shu NFIH, lf qugb fs nfihs lfs shus
d`bafs sãf f cfipfnhnth tr`çl`cf lh uig un`lglh g quh nãf sh pflh nfihgr. 
Gphngs Agi - b`oglf ,gf pflhr - nãf goh lh iflf kustf.
F d`baf cgïubg, Cgnggn, shrç f hscrgvf lfs shus `riãfs.
` riãfs.
\flf pflhr glqu`r`lf pfr igo`g (lhsvhnlgihntf lfs i`stàr`fs dfrg lf NFIH) à lh
Sgtgnçs
nãf
“ ferg lh `nl`scr`ïãf lgquhbh quh bgnïg ui fbagr sferh f i`stàr`f quh hbh
sh tfrnfu, h quh vg` b`ehrç-bf lf bglf lh dfrg.  
Fs kulhus gcusgrãf g Cr`stf pfr curgr fsf s lfhnths h hxpubsgr fs lhiün`fs phbf
p hbf
pflhr lh Ehbzheu (It, @Q; 3<).
G rhsph`tf lfs shus lf`s futrfs d`bafs, Nfà prfdht`zg, l`zhnlf; "Ehnl`tf shkg  ,
 ,
Lhus lh Sahi. Wuh Lhus hsthnlg gs pfsshs lh Kgdà h quh hbh age`th ngs thnlgs lh
Sahi" (On, @Q; 54).
Sgntf A`bçr`f lh ]f`t`hrs cfihntg hssg pgssgohi l`zhnlf; "G hstglg lh Kgdà ngs
thnlgs lh Sahi à g d`ourg lgs ngïøhs quh sãf ``ntrfluz`lgs
ntrfluz`lgs ng dà."
Agvhr`g iu`tf g l`zhr sferh g vfcgïãf lgs ngïøhs h sferh f shnt`lf lg A`stór`g.
@ssf nãf à pfssévhb lhntrf lf quglrf lhsth hstulf.
G ifntgnag, nf gbtf lg qugb g grcg sh lhtài, s`iefb`zg g hbhvgïãf lh Nfà: igs f
shu nfih prhc`sg g rhgb`zgïãf lg prfdhc`g lh Bhihja.
Grgrgt à cfipfstf lh ‟Grfr‑ , quh à g "igbl`ïãf", h lg bhtrg , lh vgbfr 0 (quh hi
gr`tiàt`cg bhvg lh nfvf gf zhrf), h quh s`on`d`cg f hnchrrgihntf lh ui c`cbf.
Grgrgt à g susphnsãf lg igbl`ïãf.
À pfr `ssf quh f l`bûv`f à shou`lf `ihl`gtgihnth lf hstgehbhc`ihntf lh uig nfvg
gb`gnïg hntrh Lhus h g Sug Cr`gïãf.
"F grcf ng nuvhi" à s`ngb l`ssf.
G nuvhi rhbgc`fng-sh gqu` iu`tf hsphc`gbihnth cfi gs trhvgs `nthr`frhs.
F grcf ng nuvhi à g ]fnth rhstgehbhc`lg hntrh Lhus h gs thrrgs
t hrrgs `nthr`frhs lf
Afihi, quh g quhlg agv`g
a gv`g gnubglf.
H hssg "pfnth", f grcf, à  ‟Whsaht‑   (().
Hbh à   Hbh-ihsif cfnt`lf nf Sa`n , nf cfrgïãf lg pgbgvrg cukg pr`ih`rg bhtrg
Wfd  (lh vgbfr 7==) à f póbf l`v`nf `ncr`glf, h cukg ûbt`ig bhtrg \gv  (lh vgbfr
<==) à f póbf auignf cr`glf.
Fs d`bafs lh Nfà tëi cfif i`ssãf, gofrg, rhgb`zgr f NFIH AgSahi nf iunlf.
Ng v`sãf cr`stã,   à Cr`stf rhgb`zglf ng çrvfrh lh Khssà phbf pfvf aherhu.
Cfhxthns`vgihnth, tflg g auign`lglh thi pfr vfcgïãf, gofrg, hntrgr nf NFIH “ 
"ngs thnlgs lh Sahi" “ h gt`no`r hssg l`ihnsãf.
F hstulf quh prfpfnaf prhthnlh shr uig buz`nag nhssh cgi`naf rhgb.
G lhscr`ïãf lf l`bûv`f hntrh fs ege`bün`fs
ege` bün`fs vhi cfnd`rigr g lg \frga aherg`cg.
 

Shu ahró`, Ou`bogihsa, pgrth pgrg g cfnqu`stg

cfnqu` stg lg `ifrtgb`lglh, `nlf hncfntrgr nf
Gbài shu gnchstrgb Fut-Ngp`sat`i, g rhsph`tf lh quhi hbh sgeh thr rhcferglf hssh
hstglf `ifrtgb (l`régifs; sug l`ihnsãf lh hthrn`lglh).
Gqu`, nfs à cfntglg g a`stór`g lh Fut-Ngp`sat`i quh, sfe iu`tfs gsphctfs, à g lh
Nfà; ‟Hg‑ , lhus lgs Çougs, gv`sg Fut-Ngp`sat`i quh sh prhpgrh pgrg f l`bûv`f;

Lhpf`s. vhifs Fut-Ngp`sat`i hnv`gr, hxgtgihnth cfif Nfà, pr`ih`rf uig pfieg
quh vfbtg, lhpf`s uig gnlfr`nag quh g`nlg vfbtg, hnd`i ui cfrvf quh nãf vfbtg
ig`s.
F egrcf pfusfu hi thrrg
thrr g h Fut-Ngp`sat`i fdhrhchu ui sgcr`déc`f gfs lhushs. Hg
gehnïfg-f h l`z; "Gtà gqu` Fut-Ngp`sat`i
Fut -Ngp`sat`i hrg gphngs ui afihi, igs, gofrg, quh
Fut-Ngp`sat`i h g sug iubahr shkgi Cfif lhushs, shihbagnths g Nós. Wuh
Fut-Ngp`sat`i vç ifrgr bfnoh, ng hiefcglurg lfs r`fs..."

\gb cfif Nfà, sgbtgnlf lg grcg cfi g iubahr, Fut-Ngp`sat`i sg` lf shu egrcf cfi
gquhbg quh hbh lhspfsfu.
Fs lf`s ahró`s gt`no`rgi g un`lglh.
G hiefcglurg lf r`f “ vfbtg í un`lglh pr`ifrl`gb “ f cfnd`rig.
Nf i`tf orhof, Lhucgb`fn h ]yrrag, sgbvfs lf l`bûv`f, sãf f cgsgb rhgb`zglf.
Hbhs rhpfvfgi g \hrrg bgnïgnlf phlrgs pfr sferh fs fierfs.
G "phlrg" “ ‟  ‟Hvhn‑   (() hi aherg`cf, pgbgvrg cfipfstg lh Gv (), f "pg`", h lh
Ehi (), f "d`baf" “ à f séiefbf lf Afihi hi quh sh lhu f lhsphrtgr lg
cfnsc`ënc`g.
Hbh pgrt`c`pg lg v`lg lg "]hlrg Gnoubgr",
Gnoub gr", quh à g ]hssfg grquhtép`cg lf D`baf, f
Ihss`gs .
F Afihi lhsphrtglf, d`baf lf ]g`, cfnahch f cgi`naf lg un`lglh g rhcfnqu`stgr.
rh cfnqu`stgr.
À phlrg v`vg gquhbh cukg cfnsc`ënc`g ngschu.
Bgnïglg pfr sferh fs fierfs lfs ahró`s lf l`bûv`f orhof, hssgs phlrgs ngschrgi
lgquhbhs
Gofrg, quh
hbgs pgrt`c`pgrgi
sãf cgpgzhs lh lg hxphr`ënc`g lg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
bhiergr-sh...
F l`bûv`f, ‟Igefub‑  hi
 hi aherg`cf, à uig pgbgvrg
pgb gvrg quh, pgssglg pgrg g nfssg bénoug
vubogr, lhs`ong gquhbh cukfs phnsgihntfs sãf gnçrqu`cfs, fs rgc`fcén`fs dgbsfs.
]flhifs bhr hssg pgbgvrg ‟Ig-Efub‑  h  h trgluz`r; "igtr`z lf drutf", fu g`nlg ‟Eh-Ifub‑  
h trgluz`r; "ng c`rcunc`sãf" fu "nf dgch g dgch".
Cfi hdh`tf, nf tftgb "dgch g dgch" cfnfscf ihsifs à quh qu h hstç f drutf.
F gcfnthc`ihntf l`déc`b, quh à f l`bûv`f, g prfvgïãf,
pr fvgïãf, fer`og-nfs g lhschr g hssh
"dgch g dgch", cfif v`ifs, shkg qugb dfr f névhb hi quh shkgifs gpgnaglfs pgrg
dgzhr `ssf.
H hssh "dgzhr" cfns`sth hi tflgs gs c`rcunc`søhs suchss`vgs, hi tflgs gs ifrths h
rhssurrh`ïøhs lh nós ihsifs pgrg nós ihsifs g d`i lh lgr f nfssf "drutf", f
nfssf NFIH.
F l`bûv`f à uig c`rcunc`sãf cósi`cg, ui cfrth lg Çrvfrh auigng, pgrg dgzë-bg
drut`d`cgr.

5. G ]gssgohi lfs Aherhus ]hbf Ho`tf

G cfnqu`stg lf \r`ånoubf Suphr`fr à, ng hxphr`ënc`g lfs aherhus, g lg "\hrrg
]rfiht`lg", thrrg prfiht`lg g Gergãf h í sug pfsthr`lglh, nfs thrifs
t hrifs lg gb`gnïg
 

chbherglg hntrh Lhus h f pgtr`grcg, thrrg

thrr g b`oglg í prfihssg lh dhcunl`lglh, lh ui
bglf, h í c`rcunc`sãf, lh futrf.
Cfnqu`stg lf Sgntf Orggb, cfnqu`stg lf \fsãf lh Furf, cfnqu`stg lg `ifrtgb`lglh,
g \hrrg `nth`rg, sfe fs shus l`dhrhnths i`tfs, lf ]grgésf phrl`lf í Khrusgbài
Chbhsth, hstç ng hxphctgt`vg, ng prfcurg `ncgnsçvhb h lfbfrfsg lgqu`bf quh g
auign`lglh sgeh quh à g sug ûn`cg dhb`c`lglh, g sug ûn`cg b`ehrlglh.
\flgs gs `lhfbfo`gs ngsc`lgs lh ui `ncfnsc`hnth quh sh gdgstfu lhssg `ndfrigïãf
suphr`fr nãf pgssgi lh prfkhïøhs bfnoénqugs, igs rhg`s, lhssg prfcurg;
pr fcurg; lg
"orgnlh nf`th"
g rhgb`zgïãf lggf "gignaã
Thrlglh quhquh
hbg cgntg",
cgrrhogghi
auign`lglh
s`. prfkhtg sferh
sfe rh ui duturf dhb`z
"Lgrçs í buz ng lfr".
]fr ohstgïøhs suchss`vgs, lh igtr`z hi igtr`z, ihl`gnth pgrtfs lh s` ihsig hi
pbgnfs cglg vhz ig`s hbgefrglfs lh shu shr, pfr bhntgs h rulhs gschnsøhs, g
auign`lglh vg` "hscgbgr g sug çrvfrh" h gt`no`r hssg cfnqu`stg.
G pgssgohi lf pfvf aherhu phbf Ho`tf cfnst`tu` ui lfs pr`pr`nc`pg`s
nc`pg`s gsphctfs lhssg
hvfbuïãf.
F Ho`tf à uig igtr`z cgp`tgb.
Frg, lhssh vhntrh, tgb cfif nfssg `ndgnt`b auign`lglh, f pfvf aherhu
a herhu rhcusg-sh g
sg`r.
Hbh thi ihlf lhssg ifrth quhqu h à f ngsc`ihntf; "Lh`xg-nfs shrv`r fs hoépc`fs, l`z
hbh g If`sàs, pf`s prhdhr`ifs shrv`r fs hoépc`fs g ifrrhr nf lhshrtf" (Hx, Q@T; 75).
Hi prfdunl`lglh, h hi pgrglfxgb fpfs`ïãf í sug euscg fntfbóo`cg, g auign`lglh
prhdhrh g shrv`lãf í b`ehrlglh.
Gsp`rglg
Hbg phbf gbtf,
thi ihlf hbg à phsglgihnth rht`lg
lh sgrgr. rht`l g phbg phrlg lh sugs hnhro`gs hieg`xf.
Hbg gig sug sån`h, quh bah à dgi`b`gr, h thi ihlf lh rhcfergr
r hcfergr uig sgûlh cukg
bhiergnïg hbg phrlhu.
Hbg ofstgr`g lh thr cahoglf í htgpg lg cfrr`lg gnths lh sh pür g cgi`naf.
]fr `ssf, hbg nãf sh pøh g cgi`naf h hscfbah g hscrgv`lãf hi buogr lg b`ehrlglh, g
`onfrånc`g hi buogr lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Cfntulf, f Cfnahc`ihntf à quh à f própr`f thc`lf lg fntfbfo`g auigng.
]fr `ssf, hbg susc`tg phrignhnthihnth nf Afihi hssg nhchss`lglh `nsgc`çvhb lh
cfnqu`stgs quh, sh nãf sãf gs lf Uh`nf `nthr`fr, shrãf gs lf thipf h lf hspgïf.
Griglf lgs ig`s gli`rçvh`s v`rtulhs pséqu`cgs, f Afihi, shi ahs`tgr h shi thr
ihlf lg ifrth, cfbfcg-sh nf cgi`naf lh sug A`stór`g.
Wugntg `nthb`oënc`g, hnhro`g h cfrgohi ogstgs pgrg hxpbfrgr fs cfntfrnfs lg sug
pr`sãf!
Wugntg l`d`cublglh pgrg sg`r lhbg!
Igs, cfif hssh "Lhus quh sh grrhphnlh lh thr dh`tf f Afihi", cfif [hus quh
hnofbh nui l`bûv`f hssg auign`lglh prfihthgng, cfif Hg ou`gnlf ou` gnlf Fut-Ngp`sat`i
í ifrglg lfs lhushs, f \htrgorgig l`v`nf, nf Afihi, susc`tg hntrh fs aherhus f
phrsfngohi lh If`sàs, quh cfipbhtg f lh Nfà.
Sh hsth ûbt`if "b`ehrtgvg f Afihi lgs shrv`løhs lg thrrg", If`sàs "b`ehrtgrç fs
aherhus lg shrv`lc`f lfs hoépc`fs, fs gbdfrr`grç lfs trgegbafs lh quh fs hncgrrhogi
fs hoépc`fs..." (Hx, T@; 4-0).
Wuhi sãf fs hoépc`fs6
F quh à f Ho`tf6
Hi aherg`cf, f Ho`tf sh cagig I`tsrg`i (  ).
Hssg pgbgvrg à cfipfstg lgs lugs bhtrgs  bglhglgs pfr  .
H sgehifs quh Ig`i (  ) sãf gs çougs pr`ifrl`g`s,
pr` ifrl`g`s, gs çougs igtr`c`g`s
`nl`dhrhnc`glgs, quh cgrrhogi f Càu h g \hrrg nf shu sh`f, nhssg oënhsh lh tflgs
gs cf`sgs, gnths ihsif quh f I` shkg shpgrglf lf Ig.
Cfif ui dhtf nhssg igtr`z, g v`ergïãf  ‘\sr— (), quh nfs gphrtg g ogrogntg,
hxpb`cg, cfi hdh`tf, gqu`bf quh hx`sth lh ig`s hstrh`tf, lhl h ihnfr.
Hbg s`on`d`cg tgieài "f fprhssfr, f `n`i`of".
 

Hncfntrgifs hssg rg`z lurgnth g v`gohi lh Bft, sfer`naf lh Gergãf, quh, nãf
thnlf dfrïgs pgrg gt`no`r g ifntgnag pgrg g qugb sh l`r`oh, phlh prfthïãf
p rfthïãf g hssg
c`lglh cagiglg – \sfgr () “ quh à "g ihnfr" (On, Q@Q; 5=) “ "g d`i lh quh
sug gbig v`vg".
Hssg ihsig rg`z lgrç ngsc`ihntf g ui \sgvgr ( ), f "phscfïf".
F prfdhtg I`quà`gs tgieài gnunc`grç f ngsc`ihntf lh Cr`stf ng c`lglh lh Ehbài,
"phquhng hntrh gs c`lglhs lh Kulç" (T; 7).
"]hquhng" à g pgbgvrg \sg`r () quh hxpr`ih gnths, gqu`, f "lhsprhzf".
Hnd`i, g pgbgvrg \sfr ( ) nfs rh`ntrfluz ng nhchss`lglh lg c`rcunc`sãf, pgrg
r` tugbihnth pgrg cfrtgr f prhpûc`f (Hx, @T; 58). 
lhs`ongr g "phquhng phlrg" usglg r`tugbihnth
F Ho`tf à uig igtr`z ng qugb f pfvf aherhu à cgrrhoglf: igs, hscrgvf lhbg,
fpr`i`lf phbf hoépc`f, hbh lhvhrç ngschr.
 lhthri`ng fs b`i`ths lhssg igtr`z; f pfvf aherhu hntrg nf Ho`tf cfi Pfsshpa,
làc`if pr`ih`rf d`baf lh @srghb, cgehïg lh prfg lh tflfs fs shus `riãfs quh f
gegnlfngrgi, quh f d`zhrgi pgssgr pfr ifrtf, igs quh dfrgi bhvglfs g kuntgr-shkuntgr -sh
g hbh ig`s tgrlh.
G shqu`lãf “ h pfrtgntf g dfih “ cgst`ofu hntãf tflfs fs buogrhs.
F Ho`tf nãf hstç `shntf lf cgtgcb`sif, igs g sgehlfr`g t`nag tfiglf Kfsà
l`v`ngihnth cgpgz lh `nthrprhtgr fs sfnafs lf Dgrgó h lh prhvhn`r gss`i g
cgrhst`g; lurgnth shth gnfs lh prfsphr`lglh, hbh ignlfu hncahr fs chbh`rfs lf
pgés.
Bhvglfs phbg dfih, fs futrfs fnzh d`bafs lh @srghb vëi, pf`s, ehehr nhssgs
rhshrvgs.
D`cgi nf Ho`tf qugtrfchntfs h tr`ntg gnfs (On, QQQT@@@ g QB).
Sghi lgé cfif sh ngsch lh uig igtr`z, lhpf`s
l hpf`s lh lhz cfntrgïøhs lfbfrfsgs; gs
"lhz prgogs lf Ho`tf" (Hx, T@@ g Q@@).
G làc`ig prgog prhs`lh g ]çscfg.
Nhssh l`g, gs çougs lf igr Thrihbaf shpgrgi-sh pgrg lgr ngsc`ihntf gf pfvf lh
Lhus.
F "igr Thrihbaf" à, ng rhgb`lglh, ng trgl`ïãf, f "igr lfs Kuncfs" fu "igr " igr lf
B`i`th", Pgi Sfpa.
Hntrh Pfsshpa h Pgi Sfpa, Lhus lhthri`ng fs b`i`ths “ Sfpa “ lg igtr`z hoépc`g.
Nhssg igtr`z, @srghb crhsch: nãf nfs hsquhïgifs lh quh g rg`z Pgsfpa s`on`d`cg
"guihntgr".
G pgrt`lg pgrg f Ho`tf, lhpf`s lg phquhng `ndånc`g, bhvg fs lfzh d`bafs
d`ba fs lh @srghb g
lh`xgr g thrrg lfs shus pg`s.
Hssg nãf pflh ig`s gb`ihntç-bfs.
G dfih s`iefb`zg, gqu`, g dfih lg gbig; cglg ui lh nós, prhss`fnglf pfr ,
lh`xg g thrrg ngtgb pgrg `r ruif ís sugs thrrgs `nthr`frhs h í sug vhrlglh`rg pçtr`g,
f shu NFIH.
Igs, gipgrglf gtà gé phbfs pg`s, só pflhrç dgzhr g hxphr`ënc`g lg b`ehrlglh, quh
`ipb`cg shourgnïg phssfgb h gesfbutg, lhpf`s lh thr cfnahc`lf g lg l g hscrgv`lãf.
G shourgnïg gesfbutg só pflh hstgr b`oglg
b `oglg g vgbfrhs `nthr`frhs.
Nhnaui vgbfr lf iunlf pflh lç-bg.
Igs f Afihi nãf à cgpgz lh glhr`r, hi tflgs gs sugs fpïøhs, g hsshs vgbfrhs
`nthr`frhs shnãf lhpf`s lh thr hsoftglf gs hxphr`ënc`gs lh drgo`b`lglh lfs vgbfrhs
hxthr`frhs, quh, nf `néc`f, hbh kubog
k ubog shrhi fs ûn`cfs rhg`s, pfrquh sãf fs ûn`cfs
tgnoévh`s.
À hi l`rhïãf g hssg hxphr`ënc`g lfs vgbfrhs hxthr`frhs quh, nui pr`ih`rf
ifihntf, @srghb à cfnluz`lf.
F Ho`tf s`iefb`zg f iunlf, h f Dgrgó, f quh lhtài fs pflhrhs, gquhbh lh quhi
lhphnlh g shourgnïg `ihl`gtg.
Nuiuig
dgrç shounlf
nfvgifihntf, lhpf`s
hxphr`ënc`g lg sgélg lf Ho`tf, ng trgvhss`g lf lhshrtf, @srghb
lh dfih.
 

Igs, lhstg vhz, nãf agvhrç ig`s ui Dgrgó gsshourglfr h lfi`nglfr,   
susc`tgrç hi @srghb f gphbf g Hbh.
@srghb shrç hntãf cfnv`lglf g hntrgr ng sug glhqugïãf tftgb gfs vgbfrhs `nthr`frhs.
]grg quh hbh gchlg g hssg dfrïg, à prhc`sf glqu`r`r nf Ho`tf sób`lgs hstruturgs.
Lh gcfrlf cfi g bh` lgs fpfs`ïøhs  ‟\fv vhUg‑ , só ng lurg hxphr`ënc`g
hxphr` ënc`g lg shrv`lãf
gfs vgbfrhs lf iunlf à quh ngsch g cfnsc`ënc`g.
Hbg susc`tg If`sàs hi @srghb.
Wugnlf `nvhsth If`sàs lf pflhr l`v`nf, g d`i lh quh hbh hndrhnth f Dgrgó
 qu h Hbh cfnd`rig hi @srghb.  
(Hx, @@@), à g própr`g cfnsc`ënc`g lf NFIH quh
If`sàs, Ifsah () hi aherg`cf, à f própr`f
própr` f NFIH  (gs trës bhtrgs hstãf
`nvhrt`lgs) AgSahi.
Wugnlf ngsch g cfnsc`ënc`g lh ui nfih ig`fr, quh nãf à ig`s g phrsfngb`lglh-
ph rsfngb`lglh-
hof hxphr`ihntglg hi Phsfl, igs kç à g prhsc`ënc`g lg ]hssfg nf NFIH quh
pgrt`c`pg lh , f Afihi à hntãf cfnluz`lf gf h`xf iàl`f quh b`og Igbjauta g
Jhtahr.
Gtà gqu`, sgcul`lf nfs lfbfrfsfs egbgnïfs lf hrrf quh cgrgcthr`zg f tr`ånoubf
`ndhr`fr, hbh à, lh rhphnth, hnrg`zglf hi gbouig cf`sg quh hbh g`nlg nãf sgeh sh à
g sug thrrg lgs prfdunlhzgs, hi gbouig
gbou ig phssfg quh hbh nãf sgeh g`nlg sh à f shu
NFIH, HBH.
\figlf phbf shu NFIH, hstç gofrg gb`ihntglf, hscbgrhc`lf pfr Hbh.
Sh gofrg dfssh tftgb g sug cfnsc`ënc`g, hbh cfnahchr`g lhslh hntãf g shourgnïg
tftgb, g tftgb b`ehrlglh.
Igs hbh hstç gphngs
Lf glfbhschnth nf hrg,
quh hbh `néc`fshrç
lf cgi`naf.
pr hc`sf `n`c`gbihnth quh hbh ngsïg ng sug
prhc`sf
l`ihnsãf, lh Afihi, quh pgssh phbg "]frtg lfs l fs Afihns" h, lhpf`s, dgïg f
cgi`naf, gquhbh cukgs 75 vàrthergs lfrsg`s vhrhifs quh hbh cfnstró`.
]fr hnqugntf, gs 7= pr`ih`rgs vàrthergs (c`ncf sgorglgs, c`ncf bfiegrhs) hstãf
gphngs hsefïglgs, `stf à, cfnstruélgs sfigt`cgihnth, igs nãf "dh`tgs".
G hrhïãf lh Ifsah hi @srghb cfrrhspfnlh í cfbfcgïãf lhssh pfvf nf h`xf lf shu
NFIH.
Lg ihsig dfrig quh, nf ifihntf lf ngsc`ihntf, f cfrpf lg cr`gnïg v`rg nf
vhntrh lg iãh pgrg cfbfcgr g cgehïg nf h`xf lf cfbf lf ûthrf, gss`i tgieài f
Afihi quh tfifu rg`z h quh hstç phrtf lh ngschr v`rg lg ifrth pgrg g v`lg h vhi
gprhshntgr-sh nf h`xf lf ngsc`ihntf, l`gnth lhssgl hssg pr`ih`rg pfrtg.
Hntãf, cfihïgi gs cfntrgïøhs.
Nui pbgnf sut`b, hbgs sãf cfif suchss`vfs hnlurhc`ihntfs lfs gcfnthc`ihntfs lg
nfssg v`lg.
Hsths cfnst`tuhi
Fer`ogi-nfs egrrh`rgsnfvgs
g hncfntrgr lg hscglg
dfrïgsquh
hi sfifs cfnv`lglfs
nós ihsifs: nãf gig`s
sue`r.
gs dfrïgs
vfbuntçr`gs quh pfl`gi igscgrgr lurgnth ui thipf f hrrf, rhihthnlf g ui h`xf
hxthr`fr, `lhfbóo`cf, ifrgb, fu lh qugbquhr
qugbqu hr futrg àt`cg, igs gs dfrïgs fntfbóo`cgs,
gs lgs nfssgs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, gs quh, gsp`rglgs, lãf, cfi g hnhro`g,
hn hro`g, g
`ndfrigïãf b`oglg g hssh nfvf cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g, h gerhi gerh i pgrg uig nfvg
`nthb`oënc`g.
Gs cfntrgïøhs lf ngsc`ihntf lh @srghb sãf gs lhz prgogs lf Ho`tf, cglg uig lgs
qug`s, pfr sug vhz, hscubph gs lhz pr`ih`rgs
p r`ih`rgs vàrthergs lf pfvf lh Lhus.
Cglg uig hxpr`ih uig trgnsiutgïãf `nthr`fr `nl`sphnsçvhb í v`ge`b`lglh ng nfvg
thrrg lh ngsc`ihntf: tãf `nl`sphnsçvhb, quh g cglg d`ngb
d`n gb lh prfvgïãf hi quh f
Dgrgó thr`g hstglf prhsths g lh`xgr @srghb h `r hiefrg; "hntãf  hnlurhchu f
cfrgïãf lf Dgrgó" (Hx, T@@ g Q).
 h f ]agrgf sãf fs lf`s póbfs, ui pfs`t`vf, f futrf nhogt`vf, lg hnhro`g lf
NFIH g cgi`naf lg sug rhgb`zgïãf.
]agrgf () cgrrhog, ng sug vfcgïãf, nãf só f Ug () lg "\rhvg", igs
tgieài f ]gr () lg "dhcunl`lglh" h f Gpagr () lf "pó".
 

@lhnt`d`cglf cfi Sgtgnçs, shnafr lf iunlf quh hbh igntài hi hscrgv`lãf, hbh
cfih fs hscrgvfs-pó quh nãf pflhi crhschr.
cr hschr.
Igs quh surkg f NFIH, Ifsah-, h lf pó ngsïg g cfnsc`ënc`g lg hscrgv`lãf, f.
lhshkf lg b`ehrtgïãf h g ifv`ihntgïãf lf pfthnc`gb lh dhcunl`lglh.  
]grhch quh hssg cfnsc`ënc`g só pflh ngschr ng hxphr`ënc`g hxtrhig lf glvhrsçr`f
“ hxphr`ënc`g lh ifrth: nãf df` gf vhr ui hoépc`f egthr nui aherhu quh If`sàs f
igtfu, fehlhchnlf, nui pr`ih`rf ifihntf, gs sugs hnhro`gs rhgc`fng`s6
Igs f sgnouh quh hbh dhz cfrrhr bhvfu-f í rhdbhxãf; hbh hntrg nui nfvf cgipf lh
cfnsc`ënc`g h hxphr`ihntg f l`v`nf (Hx, 77;77-74).
Nf `néc`f, sfifs qugsh `lhnt`d`cglfs cfi f rh`nf lf ]agrgf h, `ncfnsc`hnthihnth,
nfs lgifs g hbh cfif gb`ihntf, hi sfdr`ihntfs quh `iputgifs shiprh g ui
futrf, hi vhz lh lhscfer`r g sug dfnth hi nós ihsifs.
Wugnlf ngsch g cfnsc`ënc`g, `nthr`fr`zgifs f prfebhig.
Ifsah h ]agrgf hstãf lhntrf lh nós.
Hncfntrgrhifs g gefrlgohi lhssh i`stàr`f ng a`stór`g lh Kfe, hi quh Ifsah h
]agrgf shrãf f própr`f , h Sgtgnçs.
Nhssgs prfvgïøhs, uns hstãf shi hsphrgnïg, shi `nthb`oënc`g “ nf shnt`lf nãf
`nthbhctugb lf thrif “, h ifrrhi.
Futrfs "hntrgi nf gcfnthc`ihntf" h, phnhtrgnlf-f, dgzhi-sh "Igscub`nfs" h "sh
bhiergi lg hspfsg quh hsphrg f hspfsf hi tflfs fs névh`s lf shu shr— , lf qugb
hsth nglg ig`s à quh pr`iéc`gs.
pr `iéc`gs.
@srghb, sfe g cfnlutg lg sug cfnsc`ënc`g-Ifsah, hntrg nhsshs lhz gcfnthc`ihntfs-
cfntrgïøhs, f làc`if lfs qug`s gerh gs çougs lf ngsc`ihntf, f igr Thrihbaf sh
gerh h hnofbh fs hoépc`fs, quh sãf f "Afihi vhrihbaf", g vhbaf afihi hi nós, f
fprhssfr, gf pgssf quh gquhbh quh lhvh tfrngr-sh f "Afihi vhrlh" pgssg.
À ]hssga (), g ]çscfg, sgélg lg "grigl`bag",  ]gz, quh g bhtrg f
Sgihja  trgspgssg.
F Sgihja à ui lfs séiefbfs lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg.
F aherg`cf  à, ht`ifbfo`cgihnth, "f afihi lg pgssgohi".
\flg "pfrtg" “ ]htga () “ à g sgélg lg grigl`bag ().
Hssg sgélg sh dgz phbg bhtrg \gv ( ), quh à g cruz.
G ]çscfg cr`stã sh s`tugrç ig`s tgrlh ng "]frtg lfs lhushs".
l hushs".
Lh uig hxtrhi`lglh g futrg lg hscgbglg, shrç prhc`sf phnhtrgr ng `nthb`oënc`g lf
i`stàr`f lh Lhus, quh Sh dgz festçcubf gf Afihi pgrg quh f Afihi sh tfih
Lhus.

3.
Gs =c`ënc`gs
Bge`r`ntf lh Cnfssfs
iflhrngs trgzhi í buz f dgtf dunlgihntgb lh quh g hnhro`g à
`nshpgrçvhb lg `ndfrigïãf.
G pgbgvrg `ndfrigïãf, gb`çs, lhvh shr hnthnl`lg hi lf`s pbgnfs;
“ f pbgnf cfiui, hi quh cfiprhhnlhifs quh uig `ndfrigïãf à ui
cfnahc`ihntf lglf:
“ f pbgnf ig`s sut`b, hi quh lhscfer`ifs, pfr cfnahc`ihntf lglf, quh g
`ndfrigïãf thi ui pgphb `nthr`fr lh dfriglfr.
Xi cfnahc`ihntf hscubph-nfs pfr lhntrf, pf`s à hnhro`g.
Hbh hscubph, phbg ihsig rgzãf, f fekhtf cfnahc`lf. 
Cfntrgéifs, nf Fc`lhnth, g hsthr`b`zgnth lfhnïg lh gpr`s`fngr
gpr` s`fngr nfssfs
cfnahc`ihntfs-`ndfrigïøhs nf `nthbhctf h lh só dgzhr usf lhbhs pgrg
p grg hnorfssgr
shiprh ig`s fs iurfs lg nfssg pr`sãf h ger`ogr-nfs gé nuig shourgnïg `busór`g.
T`ifs quh nãf à nglg l`ssf h quh f vhrlglh`rf cfnahc`ihntf à pgrtf lh nós
ihsifs hi thrrgs cglg vhz ig`s prfdunlgs, cglg uig lgs qug`s à dh`tg lh uig
sfig hnhroàt`cg `ndfriglfrg, gtà f ûbt`if ngsc`ihntf ng thrrg ig`s prfdunlg “ 
Egsgr “ trgluz`lg pfr "cgrnh", pfrtglfrg lf nfssf NFIH.
Wugnlf hsth à gt`no`lf h gehrtf, f nûcbhf lf Sahi b`ehrg g Hnhro`g  h f
Afihi-Hnhro`g hstç tftgbihnth `ndfriglf.
 

Nfssf NFIH shcrhtf cfntài g `ndfrigïãf tftgb.

F hsquhig lhssh cgi`naf tgb cfif nfs à rhvhbglf ng \frga aherg`cg à s`ipbhs,
igs f cgi`naf hi s` h f fekht`vf g gt`no`r sãf `nd`n`tgihnth l`déch`s.
]grhch quh g duog g hssg
h ssg l`d`cublglh cfnst`tu` f própr`f fekhtf lg quhlg; f Afihi
cfbah f drutf lg çrvfrh gnths lh të-bf lh`xglf crhschr.
Agi, thsthiunag lfs i`stàr`fs lf drutf quh sh tfrnfu f shu pg`, h "lhsvhnlgnlf-
fs pfr dfrg" rhnfvg g dgbtg.
Hnd`i, à hbh, hssh hrrf, quh f Afihi rhphth lhslh shiprh, lhslfergnlf sug
`nthb`oënc`g pgrg glqu`r`r f pflhr lf drutf shi sh lgr gf trgegbaf lh dgzhr crhschr g
sug çrvfrh nhi lh tfrngr-sh f shu NFIH.
Cglg thrrg g cfnqu`stgr hstç b`oglg g ui thipf.
Gs c`ënc`gs iflhrngs tgieài lhscfer`rgi hssg un`lglh hspgïf-thipf, quh thch
cglg pbgnf lh cfnsc`ënc`g.
Lhslh f hstglf lg quhlg, f thipf à lfbfrfsf.
F pfhtg cafrg sferh fs "hsp`nafs" cfi fs qug`s hbh nfs rgsog.
Shus "c`cbfs" dfrigi g rg`z Lfur hi aherg`cf, rg`z quh hncfntrgifs
`nlhd`n`lgihnth rhpht`lg lhpf`s lg quhlg nf séiefbf lg pgbgvrg Lgrlgrh, "sgrïg lh
hsp`nafs" quh g thrrg nãf lhspfsglg "dgrç lg` hi l`gnth ohri`ngr pgrg Glãf"
(On, 777; 71).
F Afihi `ncfnsc`hnth nutrh-sh lhbg pgrg hdhtugr g sug dgt`ognth cfrr`lg ruif í
gqu`s`ïãf lh thrrgs hxthr`frhs h lh ui rhnfih hxthr`fr, nf buogr lgs thrrgs
`nthr`frhs h lf NFIH.
Lgrh-lgrh, gtrgvàs lfs shus `busór`fs pgrgésfs, vg` hi l`rhïãf lg ifrth.
@r rçp`lf, gtàhrrgnth.
auign`lglh ihsif supr`i`r f thipf, à f  ‟bh`tift`v‑ `ncfnsc`hnth lh uig
T`ifs cfif f ou`g `nthr`fr lh @srghb, f própr`f , nãf cfnthipbg f shu hbh`tf
cfi nhnauig l`i`nu`ïãf nf thipf.
Nfvh vhzhs shou`lgs "Hbh hnlurhch f cfrgïãf lf Dgrgó" pgrg dgzhr rhcugr g`nlg
g`nl g g
afrg lg ]çscfg, pgrg g qugb f pfvf nãf hstç prhpgrglf.
Lhz vàrthergs prhc`sgi shr dfrkglgs.
Nãf shrç sferh trës fu qugtrf vàrthergs gphngs quh f cfrpf lf glubtf pflhrç
susthr-sh lh pà.
Hbh nãf glqu`r`rç gs egshs lg sug tftgb
t ftgb vhrt`cgb`zgïãf shnãf ng pbhng dfrigïãf lfs
lhz pr`ih`rfs névh`s lgs sugs hstruturgs. 
Igs f Afihi hstç `ipgc`hnth.

Hi Gthngs, f ahró` orhof

orho f \hshu hstç `ipgc`hnth.
Hi shou`lg g uig cfnthnlg quh fpunag crhthnshs h gthn`hnshs, I`nfs (rh` lh
Crhtg) hx`oh
lhntrh lfs gthn`hnshs
hbhs shkgi fdhrhc`lfsquh, lurgnth lhz
hi sgcr`déc`f,luig
hz gnfs,
vhz shth kfvhns
pfr gnf, gf hI`nftgurf.
shth ifïgs
Wuhi à f I`nftgurf6
Ngsc`lf lfs gifrhs lh ]gs`pagà, hspfsg lf rh` I`nfs, h lh ]fsh`lfn, lhus lfs
@ipàr`fs sueigr`nfs, quh gpgrhchu í rg`nag sfe g dfrig lh ui bui`nfsf tfurf, f
ifnstrf thi cfrpf lh afihi h cgehïg lh tfurf.
Wuhrhnlf hscfnlë-bf lg pfpubgïãf crhthnsh, I`nfs, d`baf lh [hus, phlh g Làlgbf,
hntãf grqu`thtf lg cfrth, quh cfnstrug ui bge`r`ntf tãf prfdunlf qugntf
`nhxtr`cçvhb, g d`i lh hscfnlhr f I`nftgurf hi shu chntrf pgrg qu quhh n`nouài pfssg
gt`no`-bf.
Làlgbf cfnstró` f bge`r`ntf quh, lgé hi l`gnth, hnchrrg f ifnstrf nf shu ih`f.
Làlgbf h f shu d`baf Écgrf tgieài d`cgi dhcaglfs gb`.
À g hssh ifnstrf quh Gthngs lhvh
l hvh sgcr`d`cgr, lurgnth lhz gnfs, h pgogr f phsglf
tr`eutf hxtrgélf lgs dfrïgs v`vgs lf pgés.
Gf cgef lh trës gnfs, ui ahró` bhvgntg-sh hntrh hbhs; \hshu (d`baf lf rh` lh Gthngs,
Hohu) lhc`lh cfrgkfsgihnth hndrhntgr f I`nftgurf h igtgr f ifnstrf g d`i lh pür
thrif g hssg febgïãf.
\hshu, d`baf quh f rh` Hohu thvh lh uig pr`nchsg giglg pfr fcgs`ãf lh ui
cfiegth bfnoénquf, d`cfu cfi g iãh lurgnth tflg t flg g `ndånc`g.
 

]fr hbg, hbh à d`baf lh ]fsh`lfn h nãf à, pfrtgntf, hstrgnaf gf I`nftgurf.

\hshu crhschu nhssg thrrg l`stgnth h glqu`r`u
glqu`r` u uig hstgturg gtbàt`cg, ui pfrth lh
rh`.
Iu`tf kfvhi, ofstg lh hndrhntgr gs ig`frhs l`d`cublglhs h nãf fehlhch í frlhi lg
iãh quh f prféeh lh hrouhr ui hnfrih rfcahlf sfe f qugb hstgvgi hnthrrglgs g
hspglg lh furf h gs sgnlçb`gs lh furf, gtr`eutfs rhg`s gé l`spfstfs pfr shu pg` h
quh phrignhchrgi hscfnl`lfs gtà quh hbh t`vhssh `lglh pgrg pflhr usç-bfs.
Hssh buogr shcrhtf, cfnahc`lf gphngs lg iãh, nãf lhv`g lh v`g shr-bah rhvhbglf shnãf
qugnlf hstg kubogssh cahoglf f ifihntf lg igtur`lglh
i gtur`lglh lf d`baf.
\hnlf hi iãfs g hspglg h gs sgnlçb`gs lh furf, \hshu `nthrrfog g iãh, quh qu h bah
rhvhbg, gnths lg afrg, f shorhlf lf shu ngsc`ihntf.
F kfvhi lhc`lh, hntãf, `r gf hncfntrf lf rh`, shu pg`.
G cgi`naf, shiprh cfrgkfsf h dfrth, suphrg i`b l`d`cublglhs h sg` vhnchlfr lh
tflgs gs hiefscglgs.
Lhntrh hbgs, uig prhnlh pgrt`cubgrihnth g sug gthnïãf; f o`ognth ]hr`phtgs,
griglf lh uig hnfrih lgvg lh l h cfurf, `ipfrtung fs `ndhb`zhs trgushnths quh
gtrgvhssgi f dunlf lf vgbh lhshrtf fnlh hbh sh hscfnlh.
\hshu hndrhntg-f, igtg f o`ognth h bhvgb hvg cfif trfdàu sug cbgvg lh cfurf.
À, pf`s, griglf lhbg h lg hspglg lh furf quh f d`baf lf rh` lh Gthngs cahog í cgsg
lf pg`.
Hsth nãf sh lh`xg rhcfnahchr phbf pg`, igs hbh h g dh`t`ch`rg
dh`t` ch`rg Ihlà`g, sug hspfsg,
sãf shluz`lfs phbg ehbhzg lf kfvhi rgpgz.
Gss`i, hsth à pfr hbhs cfnv`lglf
cfnv` lglf í cfrth; gorglg g Ihlà`g, quh bgnïg
b gnïg tflfs fs shus
hncgntfs
Uhkh`tglg pgrg shluz`-bf.
pfr \hshu, Ihlà`g v`nog-sh h gcusg-f kuntf gf rh` lf shu própr`f lhb`tf.
Giefs lhc`lhi hnvhnhnç-bf.
Nf ifihntf hi quh, pgrg chbhergr fs shus aósphlhs, \hshu bhvgntg f cfpf shi
sgehr quh cfntài vhnhnf, à quh f rh` phrcheh h rhcfnahch g hspglg lh furf nf
bglf hntãf lhscfehrtf lf kfvhi.
Hohu grrgncg lgs iãfs lf d`baf f cfpf hnvhnhnglf h f quherg.
H gphrtg nfs ergïfs gquhbh quh sh tfrng, g pgrt`r lh hntãf, shu gssfc`glf ng
cfnluïãf lf rh`nf.
\hshu d`cg sgehnlf lf ifrtgb tr`eutf lfs shus sûl`tfs pgrg f rh` lh Crhtg.
]gssgnlf pfr c`ig lg fp`n`ãf lf shu rhgb pg`, quh ihl`u g `igtur`lglh lf kfvhi h
tgbvhz f shnt`lf prfdunlf lg nhchss`lglh
n hchss`lglh lfs lhz gnfs lh afbfcgustf, hbh lhc`lh `r,
` r,
hbh própr`f, fdhrhchr-sh gf ifnstrf, cgsf, gnths l`ssf, hsth nãf cahouh g gegtë-bf.
F pg` lh`xg f d`baf pgrt`r, igs shu cfrgïãf hstç phsglf.
Dgz \hshu prfihthr `ïgr g vhbg ergncg nf igstrf lf ngv`f quh f trgrç lh vfbtg g
Crhtg pgrg quh, lh bfnoh, pfssg
p fssg gbhorgr-sh cfi g sug v`tór`g.
]fr chrtf, nf cgsf lh lhrrftg, shrç `ïglg uig vhbg nhorg.
Cfrgkfsf, hier`goglf phbgs sugs dfrïgs kuvhn`s, \hshu cahog í cfrth lf rh` I`nfs h
gprhshntg-bah sug ohnhrfsg euscg.
Sfz`naf, lhvhrç prfcurgr f cgi`naf lf hncfntrf cfi f ifnstrf.
G d`bag lf rh`, g lhb`c`fsg Gr`glnh, tfiglg lh cfipg`xãf, lh ui gifr quh hbg crë
shr purf pgrg cfi hssh vgbhnth ahró`, h cfnahchnlf f cgi`naf, lhsvhnlg f
shorhlf íquhbh g quhi hbg gig.
Lhshnrfbgnlf f d`f lh Gr`glnh, lhslh g pfrtg lh hntrglg lf bge`r`ntf gtà f chntrf,
\hshu cahog l`gnth lf thiévhb ougrl`ãf
ougrl` ãf lg sfbh`rg.
Xig lgs bh`turgs lf i`tf nfs dgz lhscfer`r
l hscfer`r nf I`nftgurf f ougrl`ãf lg "]frtg lfs
Afihns": pfrtglfr lf nfih cfipfstf lh I`nfs (f rh`) h lf \furf (f lhus
]fsh`lfn), à `riãf rhgb`zglf lh \hshu nãf-rhgb`zglf, quh lhvh hndrhntç-bf pgrg
tfrngr-sh cfif hbh.
F lhus lfs iunlfs sueigr`nfs hncgrnfu-sh nf pr`ih`rf cfipbhxf hnhroàt`cf lf
Afihi s`iefb`zglf phbf \furf (cfndfrih g Hsd`noh).
Só pflh hndrhntç-bf gquhbh quh, sgehnlf-sh lh fntfbfo`g rhgb, thnag cfihïglf g
sh lhspfkgr lg sug ngturgb "tûn`cg lh phbh": gquhbh quh, nhssh cgsf prhc`sf, t`vhr
`nthorglf f \furf.
 

Frg, à iun`lf lg hspglg lh furf h tgieài lg lgvg lh cfurf “ lugs grigs quh
sh rhbgc`fngi rhsphct`vgihnth cfi uig h futrg ngturhzgs “ quh \hshu hndrhntg f
ougrl`ãf.
F rh` Hohu, f ]g`-Uh`, sge`g quh f kfvhi nãf agv`g rhkh`tglf g lgvg lh cfurf h
g`nlg nãf sge`g ignhkgr g hspglg lh furf.
\hshu nãf fuvh g Tfz lhthntfrg lfs lfns lfs lhushs “ g hspglg lh furf.
Hbh fehlhch ís sugs v`rtulhs `ncfnsc`hnths, r`cgs lfs thsfurfs lfs shus duturfs
lfns, igs quh, `nvhst`lfs gnths lf thipf, sãf gphngs v`rtulhs pséqu`cgs, hnhro`gs
quh f cfnahc`ihntf lgs bh`s fntfbóo`cgs nãf cfntrfbg; g cfrgohi, g vfntglh, gtà
ihsif f ahrf`sif, fehlhchi gfs `ipubsfs lf Afihi lh l h tûn`cg lh phbh, `ipubsfs
` ipubsfs
nãf sud`c`hnthihnth pur`d`cglfs, cgrrhoglfs lh vg`lglhs, lh lhshkf lh l h dgig, hi
buogr lg euscg cfnsc`hnth lf NFIH quh f I`nftgurf hnchrrg, cgrrhoglfs lh
vfntglh lh pflhr h lh obór`g.
Hbgs só pflhi ohrgr-sh ngs cgthofr`gs lf pr`ih`rf hstço`f lg Çrvfrh h `nscrhvhr-sh
ngs rhbgïøhs lh dfrïg h nãf lh gifr-cfnahc`ihntf.
\hshu igtg f I`nftgurf cfi g lgvg lh cfurf.
Hbh igtg f shu Pfl.
H cahog gf \furf orgïgs gf d`f lh Gr`glnh.
Gr`glnh à f shu dhi`n`nf gdht`vf rhcfnluz`lf
r hcfnluz`lf gf pr`ih`rf hstço`f.
Sfe gs cfrhs dgbgc`fsgs lf gifr, \hshu, tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglf cfi f shu
dhi`n`nf, gig gphngs f shu hof “ gifr ngrc`s`stg “, igs hssg dfrïg phri`th quh
hbh gt`nkg ui cfnahc`ihntf gprhhnl`lf lf hxthr`fr, ui cfnahc`ihntf quh nãf
ngschu lhbh. 
F cfnahc`ihntf,
cfrgïãf pfstf
h, pfrtgntf, iu`tf
pfstf chlf hntrh
g shrv`ïf gs iãfs
lgs sugs lgquhbh
v g`lglhs,
vg`lglhs, quh nãf
vfbtg-sh pur`d`cfu
cfntrg f shu
gquhbh quh
gcrhl`tg shr f shu shnafr.
Hbh nãf pgssg lh ui gprhnl`z lh dh`t`ch`rf.
Wugnlf \hshu vfbtg sferh fs própr`fs pgssfs “ pf`s g ]frtg nãf sh ger`u! “ h
cfnt`nug gss`i g cgi`naglg bge`rént`cg pfr hxchbënc`g, bhvg cfns`of Gr`glnh.
Igs, `ncgpgz lh lhspfsç-bg, hsquhch-g ng pr`ih`rg hscgbg nf cgi`naf lh rhtfif.
Hi prfdunl`lglh, \hshu à `ncgpgz lh gigr.
H à `ïgnlf g vhbg nhorg, "hnogngnlf-sh", cfif l`z f thxtf lf i`tf, quh \hshu
prfsshouh f shu cgi`naf ruif g Gthngs.
Gt hngs.
\hshu nãf sh hnogng.
Hbh igtfu f shu Pfl.
Hbh hstç ifrtf lh uig ifrth ig`s prfdunlg quh g ifrth dés`cg.
]f`s f ]g`, s`iefb`zglf phbf rh` Hohu, ifrrh
ifrr h tgieài.
Hi thrifs aherg`cfs, l`régifs quh  h Hbfa`i ifrrhi ng cfnsc`ënc`g lf ahró`

pséqu`cf.
Fs lhz gnfs lh sgcr`déc`f cfrrhspfnlhi gf nûihrf
nûi hrf sgorglf lf Pfl quh, cfif
v`ifs, prhs`lh í dfrigïãf lgs lhz pr`ih`rgs vàrthergs,
vàrthe rgs, `stf à, í ohstgïãf.,
rhgb`zglg lf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf.
Dgzhr f sgorglf à dgzhr f Pfl, à gb`ihntgr hi s` f nûcbhf l`v`nf cfnsgorgnlf-bah,
sfe f séiefbf lfs shth kfvhns h lgs shth ifïgs, gs hnhro`gs suetrgélgs ís vg`lglhs
dûth`s.
\flfs gthn`hnshs, hsshs kfvhns sãf gs dfrïgs v`vgs lg \hrrg rhgb lh \hshu, g sug
thrrg lgs prfdunlhzgs.
Hbhs sãf, nf i`tf eéeb`cf, f léz`if hntrhouh pfr Gergãf g Ihbj`tshlhq.
Gfs fbafs lf iunlf, aç uig phrlg lh hnhro`g.
Gfs fbafs lh Lhus, aç g cfnstruïãf lf lhus nf Afihi.
"G sgehlfr`g l`v`ng à bfucurg pgrg fs afihns" (@ Cfr, 7;58).
Só f fbaf quh cfnahch cfi gifr pflh l`schrn`r hsshs vgbfrhs.
\hshu hstç cfndusf.
\hshu à tgieài Làlgbf, nf dgtf lh cfnstru`r f shu própr`f bge`r`ntf h dhcagr-sh
nhbh.
À cglg ui lh nós sfb`l`d`cgnlf cglg l`g
l` g ig`s fs iurfs lg sug pr`sãf, ng ihl`lg
hi quh hbh nãf pøh f thipf g shrv`ïf lg sug euscg lh b`ehrtgïãf.
 

T`rãf gs prfvgïøhs6
Euscg-sh lfbfrfsgihnth g sgélg ngs pfss`e`b`lglhs `nhrhnths gf hspgïf lg pr`sãf
pr` sãf “ 
cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g! “, gf pgssf quh hbgs lhphnlhi lh ui futrf hspgïf h nfs
sfb`c`tgi g phnhtrgr gquhbh hi quh tulf vfbtgrç í frlhi.
Gs prfvgïøhs sãf hsshs ougrl`øhs lg sfbh`rg, lhvfrglfrhs lgquhbh quh nãf quhr
lh`xgr sug pr`sãf, lgquhbh quh thi ihlf, h cfnstrutfrhs lgquhbh quh, lh`xgnlf gs
prhsgs, phnafr lh uig shourgnïg `busór`g, tfig-sh f Afihi h f lhus, quh gtà
hntãf hbh hrg hi pfthnc`gb.
Hssg pr`sãf bge`rént`cg “ cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g “, ng qugb ngvhogifs ng pr`ih`rg
pgrth lg nfssg v`lg, à gquhbg hi cukfs b`i`ths nós lgifs tflf pflhr ís dfrïgs
hxthr`frhs lhsth iunlf h, lhntrh hbgs, gf ig`s sut`b lfs shus cfrlh`rfs lh furf, f
lhus "Gcgsf"!
F quh sh dhcag nf bge`r`ntf
b ge`r`ntf tgieài igntài gé pr`s`fnh`rfs fs shus d`bafs, cfif
Làlgbf hi rhbgïãf g Écgrf; gquhbhs quh nfs dfrgi lglfs pgrg hlucgr, só pflhifs
dgzhr pgrt`c`pgr lf hspgïf quh nós ihsifs
i hsifs gt`no`ifs.
H g nfssg hlucgïãf cfns`sth hi lgr pfr hstruturgs fs nfssfs própr`fs b`i`ths, h pfr
vgbfrhs lh rhdhrënc`g fs quh sãf rhbgt`vfs g hsshs b`i`ths quh, nhchssçr`fs pfr ui
thipf, sh tfrngi gb`hngnths qugnlf fs hr`o`ifs hi gesfbutf.
Écgrf s`iefb`zg nãf só fs nfssfs d`bafs e`fbóo`cfs, igs tflgs gs nfssgs prfluïøhs,
prfl uïøhs,
gs nfssgs ohstgïøhs lh tflg frlhi; grtést`cgs fu, gss`i cagiglgs, tàcn`cgs, htc.
Nuihrfsgs fergs lh afkh sãf bge`rént`cgs “ nf pbgnf grqu`thturgb, f chntrf
]fip`lfu, cfi fs `nthst`nfs tflfs í ifstrg, à uigu ig ferg-pr`ig lhssh t`pf, h gs
nfssgs içqu`ngs dh`tgs pgrg b`ehrtgr-nfs, cfntrgl`tfr`gihnth nfs gvgssgbgi cglg
l`g ig`s
Nhssh h ig`s.nfssfs rgc`fcén`fs h sugs gpb`cgïøhs só pflhi iulgr fs prfebhigs
hstço`f,
lh buogr, h nãf rhsfbvë-bfs.
Frg, f lhshnaf lf bge`r`ntf hi s` à sgehlfr`g.
Hbh fer`og g uig cgi`naglg quh cfrrhspfnlh gf thipf nhchssçr`f lh igturgïãf h
g uig euscg lf shnt`lf, quh nãf pflh thr g sug kustg rhdhrënc`g, shnãf nf
tr`ånoubf grquhtép`cf fcubtf nf Pfl, igs quh kç nfs hnv`g gs sugs `ndfrigïøhs.
Gs c`rcunvfbuïøhs lf `nthst`nf sãf `igohi lgs c`rcunvfbuïøhs lh ui càrherf.
Hbgs prhs`lhi í l`ohstãf lgs `ndfrigïøhs rhche`lgs, g d`i lh hbgefrgr nfvgs
suestånc`gs.
 

Nf shounlf hstço`f f lf
l f SHU, f bge`r`ntf ig`s cfnsc`hnthihnth v`v`lf tfrng-sh
uig Ignlgbg, egsh lh ihl`tgïãf.
Hbh à s`iefb`zglf phbg igtr`z lh dfof quh à hssh "cgipf lh c`nçer`f" tfrçc`cf.

Wugnlf, nhssh pr`ih`rf hstço`f, f bge`r`ntf nãf à phrche`lf cfif igtr`z quh
rhgb`zg gs çougs, igs v`v`lf cfif ger`of quh nãf cfnluz g nhnaui ngsc`ihntf,
tfrng-sh hntãf tûiubf.
À bfcgb lh phrgieubgïãf.
F glfbhschnth “ h g glfbhschnth auign`lglh lh afkh “ nãf sh lãf cfntg lh quh
gquhbh quh nãf ihroubag sugs rgézhs nf shu NFIH, nf shu Pfl, nãf gs g s ihroubag
ig`s ng thrrg.
]fr ig`s igthr`gb`stg quh hbh sh dgïg, hbh g`nlg
g`nl g nãf hstç hncgrnglf.
Gé hstç uig lgs cgusgs ig`s prfdunlgs lf dbfrhsc`ihntf
dbfrh sc`ihntf lgs thfr`gs
rhhncgrngc`fn`stgs lh afkh; f quh nãf hstç hncgrnglf prfkhtg
p rfkhtg `ncfnsc`hnthihnth
sug "rhhncgrngïãf" nui futrf thipf h dfrg lh s`, nui nfvf cfrpf quh hbh rhluz g
ui "vhécubf" hstrgnaf gf shu NFIH.
Hncgrnglf lh uig dfrig tãf `iphrdh`tg, f glfbhschnth “ fu f afihi quh sh kubog
glubtf “ dfoh g`nlg ui pfucf ig`s lf shu vhrlglh`rf Hu, lf shu Pfl, thntgnlf
hscgpgr lf bge`r`ntf, pfr sug própr`g
própr` g ngturhzg, tãf `nsgt`sdgtór`f.
Fcubtglfr lf cgi`naf lf shu NFIH, f bge`r`ntf pflh g`nlg, iu`tf tgrlh ng v`lg lf
Afihi, ger`r-sh pgrg gquhbh quh thi g aui`blglh lh sh hncfntrgr n`ssf h lh vhr g
sug gb`hngïãf.
Igs h`s quh Làlgbf h Écgrf lh`xgi
l h`xgi quh g rg`nag ]gs`pagà trgog, lf hxthr`fr, gsgs
grt`d`c`g`s.
@ncgpgzhs lh sg`r lf bge`r`ntf phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns", g lg vhrlglh`rg
hncgrngïãf, sfrvhi nfs shus vgbfrhs `ncfnsc`hnths (g rg`nag ]gs`pagà à f
grquàt`pf-iãh nãf-rhgb`zglf nhbhs) fs ih`fs tàcn`cfs
t àcn`cfs lg b`ehrtgïãf.
G rg`nag dfrnhch-bahs gsgs grt`d`c`g`s, quh fs lf`s afihns cfbgi ngs cfstgs cfi
chrg h quh `rãf phri`t`r quh sgbthi lh pàs kuntfs gc`ig lf quglr`bçthrf lg
hncgrngïãf pgrg gbïgr vüf ruif ís gbturgs lg Sgehlfr`g h lg @nthb`oënc`g, fu shkg,
ruif ís gbturgs lg Cfrfg! S`ipbhs rhnfvgïãf lf phcglfp hcglf lh Glãf nf Àlhn!
Àl hn!
"Nãf vfhs gbtf lhig`s, gcfnshbag hntãf gf shu d`bafd`ba f f sçe`f Làlgbf, quh fs grlfrhs
lf Sfb th quh`igrãf gs gsgs: nãf vfhs eg`xf lhig`s, fs vgpfrhs lf igr th
gsp`rgrãf..."
Sueb`ih ihl`fcr`lglh hssg sgehlfr`g!
\hiévhb `nthb`oënc`g hssg quh vg` tfcgr f dfof.
Nglg pflh lhthr f lhshkf lh cfnqu`stg `nhrhnth í própr`g fntfbfo`g lf Afihi;
Écgrf hbhvg-sh tãf gbtf quh à erutgbihnth bgnïglf ís çougs lf igr.
Làlgbf grrhehntg-sh ng thrrg.
"Lhstru`rh` g sgehlfr`g lfs sçe`fs h gnubgrh` g `nthb`oënc`g lfs `nthb`ohnths", l`z
 (@s, QQ@Q; 7<: ]gubf, @ Cfr, @; 70).
F ig`fr sgehr, gs ig`s gbtgs tàcn`cgs nãf pgssgi lh `busøhs lh b`ehrtgïãf qugnlf
nãf sãf gcfipgnaglgs lf trgegbaf, cukf ûn`cf bgefrgtór`f à f quglr`bçthrf.
Gs gsgs grt`d`c`g`s suest`tuhi hntãf gs quh f Afihi glqu`rh gé, tfrngnlf-sh
tf rngnlf-sh Çou`g.
G chrg lgs gehbags suest`tu` g quh hbh shcrhtg qugnlf gssuih f shu trgegbaf sfbgr.
G sgehlfr`g `nhrhnth í ig`fr pgrth lgs d`bfsfd`gs lf iunlf pøh frlhi nf hstço`f
lf bge`r`ntf, igs nãf gkulg g sg`r lhbh.
lhb h.
Hbg pøh g içscgrg lf sçe`f sferh f rfstf lf tfbf.
G sgehlfr`g l`v`ng grrgncg qugbquhr içscgrg, igs hbg à bfucurg gfs fbafs lfs
afihns.
À nhssh shnt`lf quh f gpóstfbf ]gubf l`z;
"F Shnafr cfnahch fs phnsgihntfs lfs sçe`fs, Hbh sgeh quh hbhs sãf vãfs. Wuh
n`nouài sh hnognh g s` própr`f. Sh qugbquhr lhntrh vós phnsg shr sçe`f shounlf
hsth sàcubf, quh sh tfrnh bfucf, g d`i lh tfrngr-sh sçe`f, pf`s g sgehlfr`g lf
iunlf à bfucurg l`gnth lh Lhus" (@ Cfr, 3;71-5=).
F i`tf orhof kç prhbul`g g orgnlh rhvhbgïãf kulhf-cr`stã; Làlgbf h écgrf sãf
grrgncglfs lg sug `busãf.
 

G prfthïãf l`v`ng gtug gqu` cfif nf Àlhn.

Ngqu`bf hi quh feshrvgifs, f phcglf lf Àlhn sh cfnd`rig cfif shnlf uig
rhcusg lh hncgrngïãf.
"Sgehlfr`g h @nthb`oënc`g shounlf hsth sàcubf" phrthnchi g hssh iunlf
prfihtà`cf fu lh Wg`a (gé g`nlg fs lf`s i`tfs sh hncfntrgi h thrhifs quh dgbgr
lhbhs nfvgihnth).
Hbgs sãf cr`glfrgs lh c`v`b`zgïøhs cglg vhz ig`s d`ngihnth hbgefrglgs, shounlf
vgbfrhs quh nãf rhs`sthi gf ougrl`ãf lg sfbh`rg lg pr`ih`rg ]frtg.
Gs rhb`o`øhs dhcaglgs ng sgehlfr`g lh uig ifrgb fu ng sgehlfr`g ig`s sut`b lh uig
iést`cg lhshncgrnglg, gs d`bfsfd`gs quh rhluzhi `nhxfrgvhbihnth f Afihi í sug
cfnl`ïãf gn`igb, ehi cfif gquhbgs quh g nhogi, gs c`ënc`gs quh f bhvgi phbf
 kfof lg `nthb`oënc`g g hl`d`cgr gphngs f iunlf hxthr`fr, quh prfpfrc`fng uig
uig
dhb`c`lglh `busór`g, hstãf prfiht`lgs g hssh gn`qu`bgihntf.
\hshu `ïg g vhbg nhorg.
Shu pg`, f rh`, ifrrh.
Sug cgrrh`rg, quh prhthnlh shr rhgb, thri`ng trgo`cgihnth.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 77

G pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns"

Gf sg`r lg grcg, Nfà vg` cfihr

c fihr f drutf lg Çrvfrh h cfnahchr g hier`gouhz
lf prgzhr.
Gf lh`xgr g thrrg lg hscrgv`lãf,
hsc rgv`lãf, fs aherhus vãf hi l`rhïãf í pfssh
pfss h lg thrrg
prfiht`lg.
Gquhbh quh sh tfigr cgpgz lh ignhkgr g hspglg lh furf rhvhst`rç f
vhrlglh`rf pflhr.
Hsshs trës cfipfnhnths hnhroàt`cfs lf drutf quh f Afihi giglurhch nf
crhsc`ihntf lg sug çrvfrh vãf gcbgrgr-sh ig`s ng hxphr`ënc`g lg "Çrvfrh lh
Khssà", hxphr`ënc`g lg b`nagohi ihss`ån`cg g pgrt`r lh Kgcfe “ rg`z lg
çrvfrh “ gtà Cr`stf, quh à drutf lhbg. ZG Çrvfrh lh Khssà à g b`nagohi lh
Cr`stf, iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth g pgrt`r lh Khssà, pg` lh Lgv`l.Y
Lgv`l.Y  

7. G Butg lh Kgcfe cfi f Gnkf

Lhpf`s lh thr glqu`r`lf lf shu `riãf Hsgû f l`rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg “
l`rh`tf lh ohr`r g ahrgnïg “, Kgcfe lh`xfu hssh `riãf lh bfnofs gnfs, gf
ihsif thipf quh shu pg` h sug iãh, hi cukg cgsg Hsgû d`cfu.
F Afihi
Kgcfe, lh tûn`cg
f Afihi quhlhshphbh nãfcfnsc`hnth,
tfrnfu pflh lh`xgrlhs`lhnt`d`cg-sh
gs sugs iubhtgs.lhssh "`riãf" h
vg` cfnqu`stgr uig dfrïg quh bah phri`t`rç vfbtgr g hbh pgrg "dgzë-bf" (f
nfih lh Hsgû à f lf vhref "dgzhr"  hi aherg`cf).
G dfrïg pgrg `ssf só
s ó sh pflh cfnqu`stgr nfs hspfnsg`s cfi fs pr`ih`rfs
cgipfs hnhroàt`cfs lf dhi`n`nf.
Kgcfe lhspfsfu suchss`vgihnth gs lugs `riãs, d`bags lh shu t`f Bgeãf, h
thvh lhbgs h lgs sugs shrvgs fnzh d`bafs.
F làc`if shounlf d`baf lh @srghb, Ehnkgi`i, ngschrç ig`s tgrlh.
Gbài l`ssf, ng cgsg lh Bgeãf, Kgcfe glqu`r`u iu`tfs ehns.
Cgrrhoglf lgs sugs r`quhzgs hxthr`frhs, h lgs sugs hnhro`gs rhgb`zglgs
`nthr`frihnth, hbh lh`xg f sforf Bgeãf (quh s`on`d`cg "ergncf", igs à
tgieài ui lfs nfihs lg Bug, gstrf nfturnf).
Nuig bh`turg ig`s prfdunlg, cfiprhhnlhifs quh Kgcfe rhûnh tflgs gs
sugs hnhro`gs h lh`xg f hstço`f bungr, s`iefb`zglf pfr Phsfl h phbf pr`ih`rf
tr`ånoubf quh g shpa`rga prhs`lh, pf`s f shu Pfl vg` ngschr.
Cfi hdh`tf, hbh cgi`nag sfe g frlhi lh  "hi l`rhïãf í thrrg lfs shus
pg`s, í sug thrrg lh ngschnïg".
 prfihth-bah quh "Hbh hstgrç cfi hbh" (On, QQQ@;3) nhssh cgi`naf
ruif ís fr`ohns, hi quh hbh lhvh hncfntrgr, nãf shi gnoûst`g, f shu
"`riãf lh tûn`cg lh phbh", hssh futrf "hbh própr`f" “ Hsgû quh, hnc`uiglf,
prfcurgrg futrfrg dgzë-bf ifrrhr.
]fr trës vhzhs, Kgcfe dgz cahogr prhshnths g Hsgû pgrg thntgr cfiprgr sug
s ug
ehnhvfbënc`g.
Hbh glqu`r`u f l`rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg, igs trhih g`nlg l`gnth lgquhbh quh
hrg f shu lhthntfr, cfif sh dfssh shu hscrgvf.
Gnths lh “
sgehnlf hncfntrgr hssh thiévhb
 cfi qugtrfchntfs `riãf,(séiefbf
afihns quh `nvhsth sferh hbh “quh
lg hncgrngïãf  d`cgpgssg
pgs sg
nhchssgr`gihnth pfr hssh hncfntrf), Kgcfe lhvh glqu`r`r uig nfvg
 

hstgturg, lgr d`i gfs shus ihlfs, hntrgr nuig nfvg `nthb`oënc`g lgs
pgbgvrgs lh  , nf cfnahc`ihntf lf shu vhrlglh`rf buogr hi rhbgïãf gf
`riãf.
À hntãf quh, nuig nf`th, cfi tflgs gs sugs iubahrhs, tflfs fs shus d`bafs
h ehns, "hbh pgssg phbg pgssgohi lh Kgefq".
Nf thxtf (On, QQQ@@; 53), g pgbgvrg „Hvhr‖ , nfih lfs aherhus, "Afihns lg
pgssgohi", à rhpht`lg lugs vhzhs.
Nãf só Kgcfe, cfif aherhu, cuiprh gss`i
gss `i f shu nfih, igs à `nhoçvhb quh
f nfih lf r`f Kgefq l`z rhsph`tf g Kgcfe!
 h  hntrgi, gbài l`ssf, hi kfof cfi f vhref "butgr" “  
 „Phgvhq‖  “ quh vg` shou`r-sh. ZG rg`z lhssh vhref  s`on`d`cg "gphrtgr,
hstrh`tgr" h tgieài "pubvhr`zgr".Y 
"pubvhr`zgr".Y 
Nãf aç lûv`lg lh quh Kgcfe gerh ui chntrf lh hnhro`gs `ipfrtgnth h
nhchssçr`f pgrg f hncfntrf lf `riãf.
Hbh lhvh, gofrg, hndrhntgr hssg dfrïg pgrg tfrngr-sh
t frngr-sh hbg própr`g.
À nf`th.
Nf`th lg gbig.
Kgcfe d`cg sfz`naf.
H gtà f ngschr lg gurfrg, ui afihi "butg" cfi hbh; lh gcfrlf cfi c fi f
vhref aherg`cf, hssh afihi f "gphrtg" gtà "rhluz`-bf
" rhluz`-bf g pó".
g"Thnlf quh nãf
grt`cubgïãf lg thi
cfxgpflhr sferh
lh Kgcfe hbh, f afihi
lhsbfcg-sh ng sugtfcg
butggcfi
grt`cubgïãf lgQQQ@@;
hbh" (On, cfxg h
58-54).
Wuhi à hssh afihi6
@sa  l`z f thxtf, ui "afihi" nf shnt`lf lh "hspfsf" h lf qugb g
trgl`ïãf frgb dgz ui gnkf.
Hi prfdunl`lglh, Kgcfe hntrg nfs shus hspfnsg`s cfns`of ihsif nui orgu
ig`s gbtf lf shu pfthnc`gb hnhroàt`cf, g d`i
d `i lh pflhr hncfntrgr h
"lhspfsgr" f shu `riãf Hsgû, f Afihi vhrihbaf, orfssh`rf, gn`igb,
nãf-rhgb`zglf, igs pfr quhi pgssg g hncgrngïãf lh Kgcfe.

\rgtg-sh lg lgnïg lf Afihi cfns`of ihsif, bhvgnlf-sh hi cfntg quh g

sug v`lg à g própr`g lgnïg lf shu hncfntrf cfi Lhus.
Lgnïg nfturng lgs prfdunlhzgs, lgnïg lfbfrfsg, cfntunlhnth
c fntunlhnth nfs shus
grrgncfs
Cfxf! nhchssçr`fs, h quh f lh`xg cfxf!
Hbh agv`g hsquhc`lf quh f hrg lhslh f ngsc`ihntf!
Cfxf, pf`s g`nlg nãf lhspfsgrg g tftgb`lglh lh s` ihsif, igs, gofrg quh
cfihïfu hssg orgnlh ferg, hbh sh bhierg!
Hbh à cfxf.
G pgrt`r lh gofrg, hstç g cgi`naf lg sug vhrt`cgb`zgïãf.
Wugnlf, l`r`o`nlf-sh g Lhus lhpf`s lg quhlg, Glãf dgbg lg sug iubahr (f
shu dhi`n`nf `nthr`fr), hbh g lhs`ong; "gquhbg quh ih lhsths pgrg hstgr
cfi`of" : vhrsécubf quh sh pflh trgluz`r gss`i; "gquhbg quh ih lhsths pgrg
quh hu ih ignthnag hi b`nag rhtg"  (On,
 (On, @@@; 75).
Só lhspfsgnlf f pfthnc`gb lh hnhro`gs shbglf nf shu dhi`n`nf à quh f
Afihi glqu`rh pfucf g pfucf sug vhrt`cgb`zgïãf.
Glãf sgeh tãf ehi l`ssf quh, nf ifihntf lg quhlg, vfbtg gf shu
`ndgnt`b`sif
tãf rhtfs h tãf orgnlhs“cfi
rgsthkgnth  lh quh g`nlg nãf
gs nfssgs gsgssgéifs, nós quh nfs kubogifs
grt`d`c`g`s!
Kgcfe, s`i, tfig f vhrlglh`rf cgi`naf lg vhrt`cgb`zgïãf.
 

G pgssgohi lh Kgefq hi b`nougohi ohforçd`cg à g grt`cubgïãf lg cfxg hi

b`nougohi gngtüi`cg: sug gehrturg à g b`ehrgïãf lg dfrïg lf Pfl nhssh
névhb.
Kgcfe prhsshnth g `lhnt`lglh lf afihi @sa; hbh bah phlh g sug eënïãf.
Igs qugnlf bah phrountg f shu nfih;
“ "]fr quh ih phrountgs f thu nfih6" , l`z f afihi quh, ng vhrlglh, kç f
rhvhbfu.
Kgcfe
“ "\hubutfu
nfihcfinãf@srghb
shrç pgrg
ig`s tfigr-sh
Kgcfe, igs@srghb.
@srghb, pf`s butgsth (Sgrf) cfi
Lhus (Hb) h cfi fs afihns (@sa) h dfsth cgpgz l`ssf"  (On,  (On, QQQ@@; 51).
Uhvhbgïãf lf Nfih, rhvhbgïãf lg hnhro`g nfvg b`ehrtglg lf NFIH .
À nf névhb lf vhref "butgr" quh g trgnsdfrigïãf sh dhz lh Kgcfe g @srghb, lh
 "rhluz`r g pó" g  (cukg rg`z  Sgr à f "prénc`ph") "butgr" gtà
gt`no`r f pr`ncép`f.
Kgcfe-@srghb pflh hncfntrgr gofrg shu `riãf Hsgû.
Gnt`ogihnth, hbh t`nag ihlf lh Hsgû, lg sug s ug dfrïg gn`igb, lf shu ól`f.
Uhvhst`lf lg dfrïg l`v`ng, hbh nãf sós ó lh`xg lh thr ihlf, cfif tgieài
`nvhrthu g s`tugïãf: f hncfntrf nãf ig`s sh dgrç hi rhbgïøhs lh dfrïg.

"Hntãf Hsgû cfrrhu gf shu hncfntrf h f gergïfu" (On, QQQ@@@;<). 

QQQ@@@;<). 

À ng `ncfnsc`ënc`g lf bge`r`ntf quh shnt`ifs cfif

c fif glvhrsf f futrf fu fs
gcfnthc`ihntfs, h nfs l`r`o`ifs hntãf cfntrg hbhs, ogstgnlf gs nfssgs
dfrïgs gtà f hsoftgihntf ifrtgb, nhssh lrgiçt`cf h shbvgohi
hndrhntgihntf.
À nf lhscfnahc`ihntf lf Pfl  lh quh fs lf`s Aà  sh v`vhnc`gi cfif
`n`i`ofs h sh lhstrfhi nf sh`f lh ui Tgv  l`bgchrglf.
Wugnlf f Tgv "sh bhierg" lf Pfl h sh tfrng cgrrhoglf lHbh, sh rhun`d`cg
nHbh, f Afihi tfig-sh cfnsc`hnth, h cglg ui lfs  rhtfig f shu
vhrlglh`rf buogr: g s`tugïãf sh `nvhrth h f `n`i`of tfig-sh gi`of.

Uàg  à uig só pgbgvrg hi aherg`cf pgrg lhs`ongr hsshs lf`s thrifs
gnt`nüi`cfs, "`n`i`of" h "gi`of".
Sug rg`z Ug lhsvhnlglg,
lhspfsglg, à g rhshrvg lhbhvglg
hnhro`gs quh, ngs trhvgs, hsphrg pgrg shr
í buz.
]grg @srghb, uig gurfrg nfvg ngschu.
@srghb  pflh hntãf l`zhr “ pf`s f shu nfih f cfntài “ - ,
b`thrgbihnth; "g i`i, g cgehïg"; @srghb à gquhbh quh hncfntrfu f cgi`naf
lf Pfl, quh cfbfcfu sferh fs fierfs uig nfvg cgehïg.
"F Sfb sh bhvgntgvg..."  (On,
 (On, QQQ@@; 3 5).
Lg cr`gnïg quh hrg Kgcfe ngschu ui afihi.
Hbh pgrth pgrg `r hi l`rhïãf í "]frtg lfs lhushs" h pür nf iunlf f I Ihss`gs
hss`gs
“  .
F pfvf lh @srghb ngsc`lf lhbh dgrç hssg ihsig pgssgohi “ g ]çscfg “, gf
sg`r lf Ho`tf, cfif kç hstulgifs.
Nhssh shnt`lf, g hxphr`ënc`g lh Kgcfe ng cgsg
c gsg lh Bgeãf à afióbfog í lf
pfvf aherhu nf Ho`tf.
G`nlg hxtrgpfbgnlf, à afióbfog tgieài l`ssf quh g auign`lglh v`vh ng
sug `ncfnsc`ënc`g gtugb.
 

G gnoûst`g iflhrng, gss`i cfif tflfs fs orgnlhs prfebhigs lf nfssf

`ndgnt`b iunlf lh gsgs grt`d`c`g`s, nãf pflhrç hncfntrgr sug sfbuïãf shnãf
nhssg "pgssgohi".
Hncfntrgr f "futrf" hi cglg ui lh nós, g d`i lh hncfntrgr f futrf cfif
gi`of dfrg lh nós, `nvhrthr fs nfssfs
nfss fs própr`fs ól`fs, g d`i lh `nvhrthr f
ól`f lhbhs, à f ûn`cf cgi`naf quh pflhrhifs tfigr, g ûn`cg v`g pgrg quh
gs prgogs lf iunlf-Ho`tf chsshi.
Hntãf, tflfs
sfifs tfigrhifs cfxg.
uig auign`lglh cfnsc`ënc`g lh quh, bfnoh lh thr gsgs lh çou`g,
Gcaf quh, pgrg f `lfsf, g drgturg hspfntånhg lf cfbf lf dëiur à f ûbt`if
gphbf lg sug cfxhglurg, gnths quh g ifrth f surprhhnlg lhsth bglf lg
"]frtg".
Nui bgpsf lh thipf iu`tf curtf, f lh uig `nvhrsãf `nthr`fr, hbh pflh
cfihïgr sug vhrt`cgb`zgïãf.
\hi-sh, pf`s, f l`rh`tf lh phrountgr qugb à g sfrth lgquhbh quh g ifrth
surprhhnlh gnths quh hbh thnag pgssglf phbg "]frtg".
\hntgrh`, gnths lh cfncbu`r hsth cgpétubf, hscbgrhchr hssg quhstãf í buz lg
trgl`ïãf.
]fr frg, vfbthif-nfs pgrg f "D`baf lf Afihi", quh rhgb`zg hssg ihsig
pgssgohi.

5. F Egt`sif lh Cr`stf, fu f Uhtfrnf lgs Hnhro`gs

Cr`stf, rhvhst`lf lg "tûn`cg lh phbh" lg auign`lglh, hncgrrhoglf lf shu
cfnl`c`fngihntf lh quhlg, tfrng-Sh fehl`hnth gqu`bf quh cfnl`c`fng g sug
rhstgurgïãf.
Hbh gssuih g trgvhss`g lf tr`ånoubf, rhchehnlf lg iãf lf ]rhcursfr f
egt`sif lh çoug nf Kfrlãf.
F bge`r`ntf lg `onfrånc`g nãf pgssg lh uig vgr`gnth lf L`bûv`f ng
b`nougohi lf i`tf.
F tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr, pr`vglf lg sug rhdhrënc`g cgp`tgb, à lhsnulglf lh
shnt`lf h lh`xg f iunlf lf „Ig‖ , dés`cf h pséqu`cf, ng gngrqu`g.
Gs "Çougs lh eg`xf" nãf ig`s rhdbhthi gs "Çougs lh c`ig": hbgs phrlhi f
shnt`lf h cfrrhi pgrg g ifrth;

 Gs çougs lf Kfrlãf vãf bgnïgr-sh nf igr Ifrtf.

Wugnlf Cr`stf lhsch gf Kfrlãf, Hbh dgz gs çougs vfbtgrhi pgrg g dfnth.
I`b gnfs gnths lf gcfnthc`ihntf a`stór`cf, f Sgbi`stg prfdht`zgvg-f;
"Wuh thns tu, ó igr, quh duo`sth6 H tu, Kfrlãf, pgrg rhtrfchlhrhs6 Wuh
thnlhs vós, ó ifnths, quh sgbtg`s cfif cgrnh`rfs6 H vós, cfb`ngs, pgrg
sgbtgr cfif cfrlh`rfs6" (Sb, CQ@T; 8-?).
Wugb f shnt`lf lhssg kue`bgïãf cósi`cg, shnãf
s hnãf quh f iunlf rhhncfntrg g
sug `igohi, quh f „Ig‖  rhdbhth
 rhdbhth lh nfvf f „I`‖  h
 h sh rhkue`bg pfr eh`kgr hi
shu hsphbaf f rfstf quh bah lç g ehbhzg, g sug rgzãf lh shr6
Wuh quhr l`zhr `ssf, shnãf quh, lh gofrg hi l`gnth, f Kfrlãf sh bgnïgrç nf
Fchgnf ]r`ifrl`gb, dfnth lh tflg v`lg, Igéi,
Ig éi, hi quhi f „Ig‖  h  h f „I`‖  sh
 sh
hnbgïgi, cfif lf`s `riãfs, nuig rhcfnc`b`gïãf gli`rçvhb6
H f quh à vhrlglh`rf pgrg f iunlf à vhrlglh`rf pgrg cglg ui lh nós;
nfssg cfbung vhrthergb, cfif f Kfrlãf, cgrrh`g hnhro`gs cfnlhnglgs í
ifrth lhslh quh ngschrgi, nf hscfgihntf lh `nûth`s ahifrrgo`gs.
 

Wuh lhsphrth hi nós f ohrih l`v`nf, quh g dhr`lg sh dhcah, quh g cfrrhnth
rhtfih h quh tflf f nfssf shr, pgrt`c`pgnlf hntãf lf r`tif un`vhrsgb,
lgnch f kûe`bf lf iunlf trgnsd`ourglf.
Lhschnlf ís çougs lf Kfrlãf, Cr`stf lhsch gf nãf-rhgb`zglf lg
auign`lglh.
Hssg `ihrsãf,   „„\fvhb‖  hi
 hi aherg`cf, à g ifv`ihntgïãf  lf póbf
 \fv lg Grvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Hssh póbf "rhgb`zglf-buz" só pflh shr ife`b`zglf ng gprhhnsãf lf nãf-
rhgb`zglf, s`iefb`zglf phbgs çougs.
Kfãf, f Egt`stg, à b`thrgbihnth f "`ihrsfr".
F nfih lf r`f, Kfrlãf , pflh shr b`lf -   ‒Pgrhl-Nfui’ ; "lhschr-
ph`xh".
Cr`stf tfrng-Sh ph`xh pgrg lhschr ís prfdunlhzgs lf nãf-rhgb`zglf.
]flh-sh bhr Kfrlãf g`nlg cfif - “ Uh`sa-L`n; "]r`ncép`f lf U`ofr".
F r`ofr lf cgi`naf hx`oh hssg lhsc`lg
lhsc `lg rulh.
Igs g i`shr`córl`g l`v`ng hstç prhshnth, h g vfz lf ]g` sh dgz fuv`r pgrg lgr
nfih Gquhbh quh f gssuih; "Shu D`baf ehi-giglf".
Ng sug `ihrsãf, Cr`stf rhdgz f cgi`naf
c gi`naf lh Glãf ihroubagnlf nf Sfb-trhvg,
fnlh hbh tfig cfnsc`ënc`g lf shu "bglf-sfierg",
" bglf-sfierg", cfnsc`ënc`g lf dhi`n`nf
nhbh, quh hbh gofrg lhvh lhspfsgr pgrg rhhncfntrgr sugs hnhro`gs h ger`r f
shu nûcbhf.
Gqu`bf quh Glãf, `nthrrfip`lf phbg Shrphnth, nãf rhgb`zfu, Cr`stf vg`
hncgrrhogr-sh lh dgzë-bf.
Shounlf Glãf, Hbh à f Tgv  lf Grquàt`pf h b`og fs lf`s  nf
cgsgihntf trhvg-buz.
Tgv cósi`cf, Hbh b`og f cfsifs `nth`rf gf Pfl, f cr`glf gf @ncr`glf; g
thfdgn`g lf ]g` h lf Hspér`tf Sgntf (sfe g dfrig lh pfieg), quh lç nfih
gf D`baf, cfnd`rig `ssf.
Cagiglf phbf ]g` nf iunlf lf  „I`‖ , Cr`stf tgieài à cagiglf phbfs
afihns nf iunlf lf „Ig‖ .
Kfãf, f Egt`stg, f lhs`ong; "Hsth à f cfrlh`rf lh Lhus"  (Kf,
 (Kf, @;50) h ig`s
gl`gnth; "hu vfs egt`zf cfi çoug, Hbh vfs sgbogrç cfi dfof."
"À nhchssçr`f quh Hbh crhsïg h quh hu l`i`nug."
F Afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, prhpûc`f lf Thref, gpgog-sh, h Cr`stf-buz
gpgrhch.
G c`rcunc`sãf lh Glãf-auign`lglh hstç rhgb`zglg.

G dhstg lh Kfãf, f quh egt`zg cfi g çoug. à chbherglg ng @orhkg cr`stã nf

l`g lf sfbstéc`f lh vhrãf.
À nf ifihntf hi quh f sfb hxthr`fr hstç nf n f ig`s gbtf lg sug trgkhtór`g h
vg` cfihïgr g lhcb`ngr quh Cr`stf, sfb
s fb `nthr`fr, vg` cfihïgr g sue`r.
Hssg hscgbglg lg auign`lglh hi Cr`stf cfihïg phbf egt`sif lh çoug.
Kfãf Egt`stg à f ougrl`ãf lg "]frtg lfs Afihns": hbh shrç lhcgp`tglf.
Kfãf Hvgnohb`stg, f Afihi vhrlh, à f ougrl`ãf lg "]frtg lfs lhushs": sug
dhstg à chbherglg nf sfbstéc`f lh `nvhrnf.
Gf hntrgr nf quglr`bçthrf lf hsquhig à quh f Afihi hntrg rhgbihnth nfs
lfzh ihshs lf gnf thrrhstrh: à nhssh ûn`cf ifihntf quh hbh cfihïg g sug
hncgrngïãf.
G `ndånc`g, hssh sfb hxthr`fr, hrg gphngs ui prhbûl`f...
 

3. G \hntgïãf lh Cr`stf nf Lhshrtf. G ]gssgohi lh Cglg ui lh nós

phbg "]frtg".
Xi prhbûl`f...
H, nf hntgntf, cfif à `ipfrtgnth quh hbh thnag s`lf
s `lf v`v`lf pbhngihnth!
]grhch quh g ihbfl`g shrç tftgbihnth dgbshglg, `nhx`sthnth ihsif, pfrquh
pr`vglg lh sugs hstruturgs prfdunlgs, sh f prhbûl`f lg v`lg nãf df`
phrdh`tgihnth `nthorglf.
Hbh df` tfcglf
Wugntf ihnfsngs lugs
hssgs iubhtgs
iubhtgs lg lugb`lglh.
thnagi s`lf `ndfriglgs phbf tr`ånoubf
suphr`fr, ihnfs hbgs shr`gi prfkhïøhs lgs hstruturgs hsshnc`g`s, ihnfs
hbgs shr`gi cgpgzhs lh gb`ihntgr g cr`gnïg cfi fs hbhihntfs nhchssçr`fs g
tfrnç-bg glubtg (pg`s, hbhs própr`fs, `ndgnt`s: ifrgb quh nãf rhsubtg hi
nhnauig hsp`r`tugb`lglh: bóo`cg v`v`lg nf quglrf hxcbus`vf lf rgc`fngb`sif,
htc.).
G cfnsc`ënc`g lhssh glfbhschnth thi iu`tf pfucg cagnch lh shr
lhsphrtglg.
Shr`gihnth glfrihc`lg, hbg ifrrh nf dunlf lh ifnstrufsfs bge`r`ntfs
pgrhntg`s.
Nhssh cgsf, f prhbûl`f tfig f buogr lh tflg uig ihbfl`g, cfif uig
gurfrg quh sh prfbfnogssh shi Sfb h shi s hi v`lg, `nchrtg h hnognglfrg,
quhrhnlf ofzgr f l`g cfi dgbsgs buzhs h thihnlf g nf`th, hssg ifrth quh
pgrg hbg nãf
Cahoglgs thi hstço`f,
g hssh gignaã.
hs tço`f, gs hnhro`gs quh nãf pgogrgi f léz`if gf rh`
Ihbj`tshlhq sãf tftgbihnth `nvhst`lgs nfs vgbfrhs dgbsgihnth
dg bsgihnth hr`o`lfs cfif
gesfbutfs: shu hntus`gsif quherg-sh ngs ig`s cruà`s lhchpïøhs.
G vhrt`cgb`lglh lg sh`vg sh `ndbhth, hntãf, pgrg v`r lhrrgigr-sh ngs
rgigohns bge`rént`cgs lf cfndfri`sif fu lg vg`lglh.
vg `lglh.
Wugntf ig`s gs iubhtgs dfrgi `nstruélgs phbf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, ig`s hbgs
thrãf hstruturglf g cr`gnïg nf shnt`lf lfs shus própr`fs vgbfrhs
fntfbóo`cfs, vgbfrhs quh bah sãf `ipfstfs ng glfbhscënc`g, cfi tgb dfrïg
quh fs futrfs gcusgi bfof sug rhbgt`v`lglh.
rhbgt`v `lglh.
À tflgv`g nf cgl`naf lgs sugs lfbfrfsgs hxphr`ënc`gs quh g cfnsc`ënc`g
ngsch.
F tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr tfrng-sh igtr`z.
Wuh à hssg cfnsc`ënc`g lf shr6
Hbg à f Pfl: hbg à g sug hx`oënc`g; f Pfl phlh pgrg ngschr h, pgrg `ssf,
`nstru` shcrhtgihnth cglg ui g rhsph`tf lf cgi`naf lf shus hu NFIH.
G b`nougohi lf cfrpf à ui lfs gsphctfs lg sug `nstruïãf.
F Pfl, bhierhifs `ssf, phrd`bg f NFIH l`v`nf , drutf lg Çrvfrh lf
Cfnahc`ihntf quh fs Wuhrue`ns ougrlgi nf Fr`hnth lf kgrl`i lf Àlhn
(On, @@@; 5<).
F Fr`hnth lf Àlhn shrç g "]frtg lfs lhushs", igs f própr`f Àlhn, ng sugs ug
]frtg fc`lhntgb, quh g hntrglg lh qugbquhr thipbf s`iefb`zg, à g "]frtg lfs
Afihns".
F Àlhn à f cgi`naf lf NFIH, f h`xf lf NFIH nf qugb f Afihi à
grrhegtglf, "hsp`rglf", pgrg lgnïç-bf h tfigr-sh hbh própr`f.
Hssg vfbtg gf Àlhn `ipb`cg quh rhv`vgifs
rhv `vgifs g prfvgïãf lh Glãf, g quh Cr`stf
“ nfvf Glãf “ v`vh, pfr sug vhz, bfof lhpf`s lf Shu egt`sif; "Hntãf
 Khsus df` bhvglf phbf Hsp`r`tf Sgntf gf lhshrtf pgrg g` shr thntglf phbf
l`gef" (It, @T; 7). 
7). 
 

F l`gef à, gqu`, g ràpb`cg lg

l g Shrphnth lf Àlhn, h f cfnkuntf lgs trës
thntgïøhs quh hbh gprhshntg g Cr`stf, g lf drutf lg Çrvfrh lf
Cfnahc`ihntf.
Hstulgifs g lhscr`ïãf lhssh drutf h lhscfer`ifs quh sugs v`rtulhs sãf fs
própr`fs cfipfnhnths lf Pfl quh, nûcbhf lg Cr`gïãf, lhthri`ng gss`i
gss `i fs
cfipfnhnths hnhroàt`cfs lf Afihi g pgrt`r lf shu `néc`f.
]rgzhr, pfssh h pflhr l`v`nfs só pflhi, cfntulf, shr `nthorglfs pfr gquhbh
quh
Glãfshcfihu
tfifuf fdrutf
Pfl.qugnlf g`nlg nãf sh t`nag tfrnglf hssh drutf.
Cr`stf, cfif D`baf lf Afihi, hihrsf lgs çougs lf egt`sif, nãf sh tfifu
g`nlg hbh ihsif.
Nf ifihntf, hbh só Sh gprhshntg ng ]frtg lf Fc`lhnth.
"Sh às D`baf lh Lhus, iulg hssgs phlrgs hi pãf", prfpøh-bah Sgtgnçs.
F "igb`onf" prfpøh-bah qugbquhr cf`sg.
Sug frlhi à cgrrhoglg "lf" shnt`lf, à f `nvhrsf lg gngrqu`g.
G gngrqu`g quh f i`tf lf l`bûv`f `bustrg à f nãf-shnt`lf, f cfrth cfnsuiglf
hntrh fs hbhihntfs lf iunlf h shus rhsphct`vfs grquàt`pfs.
Wugnlf f Afihi hncfntrg g rhsp`rgïãf grquhtép`cg h nhbg sh `nscrhvh
nfvgihnth, hbh hntrg nf prfchssf lh trgnsiutgïãf nf cursf lf qugb l`z
@sgégs; "G phlrg sh tfrng dhrrf, lhpf`s prgtg, h g iglh`rg sh tfrng erfnzh,
lhpf`s furf"  (@s,
 (@s, BQ; 7?).
Hstulgrhifs f s`iefb`sif
cfiprhhnlhrhifs, lf dhrrf,
hntãf, quh iulgr`nt`igihnth b`oglf
gs phlrgs hi pãf gf
nf pãf h í cgrnh,
hxthr`fr à shr h
hbh ihsif nhssh prfchssf lh trgnsiutgïãf `nthr`fr.
Cr`stf só cfihïgrç hssh prfchssf nf pflhr lf Hspér`tf Sgntf, h nãf nf lh
Sgtgnçs, quh Hbh prhc`sg, gnths lh ig`s nglg, lhvfbvhr.
]fr futrf bglf, f pãf “ cfif gb`ihntf hsshnc`gb “ hstç `nt`igihnth b`oglf
í hnhro`g prgzhr.
À ng pr`ih`rg hnhro`g ]rgzhr quh Sgtgnçs thntg g Cr`stf.

g) F prgzhr lf NFIH
Hbh à f hncfntrf tftgb, f lfs hspfnsg`s
hspfnsg `s l`v`nf-auignfs.
Gf cfihr f drutf, hntrgnlf nf prgzhr lg hier`gouhz, Nfà v`vh f póbf
fpfstf lg gngrqu`g, lg s`tugïãf lh shpgrgïãf.
Gquhbh quh lhrrueg f iurf lh shpgrgïãf hntrg ng rhssfnånc`g lf NFIH:
hbh fuvh g frlhi, f shnt`lf, g rhssfnånc`g lh cglg hbhihntf lf iunlf
cfi gquhbh lf qugb hbh prfchlh nf iunlf lf „I`‖  h  h gquhbh pgrg f qugb hbh
rhtfrng.
F Afihi quh hntrg ng rhssfnånc`g lf NFIH, nf Àlhn, sg` lf gesurlf, nf
shnt`lf ht`ifbóo`cf lf thrif "gesurlf", "quh vhi lg surlhz"!
À, hntãf, cagiglf g shou`r Nfà, g hntrgr ng grcg, g rhun`r tflfs fs
"gn`ig`s" lgs sugs thrrgs pgrg rhgb`zgr, nf shorhlf lg grcg, sugs nûpc`gs
cfi hbhs.
Shu pflhr à Egsgr, g "cgrnh"
" cgrnh" quh Lhus shbfu ngs prfdunlhzgs lf dhi`n`nf
nf l`g hi quh hssh bglf-sfierg lh Glãf bah à gprhshntglf (On, @@; 57).
G "prfdunlhzg" “  \gathnga “ à uig dfrig cfnstruélg lh
 Agtfunga, quh à f "cgsgihntf".
G cgrnh à gqu`bf quh à fntfbfo`cgihnth shbglf gtà f ig`s ént`if lfs nfssfs
ûbt`ifs hspfnsg`s (f quh, s`iefb`cgihnth, g iubahr
iu bahr vhbglg lhscferh, nf
ig`s ént`if lfs shus hspfnsg`s).
G cgrnh à f shbf lf NFIH ng lhrrglh`rg \hrrg, lhrrglh`rg h fr`o`ngb.
 

Hbg à f própr`f pr`ncép`f lg ig`s l`ngi`zgnth h thiévhb dfrïg lf ahró` quh

nfs unh gf Hspfsf l`v`nf h nfs cfnluz g Hbh.
F lrgig lg quhlg lhsv`fu-nfs lf Hspfsf l`v`nf.
]grg fnlh sh l`r`oh gofrg hssg dfrïg thrrévhb lf ahró`6
Hi quh nûpc`gs sãf `nvhst`lgs gs hnhro`gs quh g cfipøhi6
G quh egnquhth hstç prfiht`lg g nfssg cgrnh6
G cgrnh, cukf drutf df` gehrtf h cfi`lf, tfig-sh g hnhro`g lhsv`glg, sg
sgélg
élg
lf
Hbg cgi`naf lg shihbagnïg,
nutrh Sgtgnçs gtrgvàs lglf cgi`naf
nfssg v`lg lg rhgb`zgïãf.
pséqu`cg h pgss`fngb.
Hbg cfnstró` gs ig`s ehbgs h gs ig`s gthrrglfrgs c`v`b`zgïøhs hxthr`frhs.
Gthrrglfr ng v`lg pgss`fngb, f ahró` nãf f à ihnfs ng egngb`lglh lg v`lg
pséqu`cg cft`l`gng quh, pfucf g pfucf, cfi uig phrdél`g, tgntf ig`s
thiévhb ng ihl`lg hi quh hstç hscfnl`lg h pgrhch `ns`on`d`cgnth, grrgncg
gs nfssgs dfrïgs lg sug vhrlglh`rg d`ngb`lglh.
Hbh nfs prhc`p`tg pgrg g ifrth.
Igs f Hspfsf l`v`nf gig g Sug hspfsg, ihsif nf cfrgïãf lg sug ig`s
gekhtg prfst`tu`ïãf.
Hcünfif `nd`hb, hbh lç gf "ahró` hi quhlg" qugb`lglh lh séiefbf h pflhr
rhcfnlutfr pgrg Hbh.
Hbh lç gf gifr auignf qugb`lglh lh `igohi lf Hncfntrf hscgtfbóo`cf.
Nfssg vhsth lh shrv`lãf, tûn`cg lh phbh thc`lg phbg nfssg cgrnh lhsv`glg,
pflh
Wugnlftfrngr-sh
f gifrvhsth lh nûpc`gs.
auignf hntrg nhssg phrsphct`vg, qugnlf nfssgs
cfnstruïøhs auigngs sh fr`hntgi pgrg hssh duturf, hbhs gerhi f cgi`naf
lhssg rhgb`zgïãf h tfigi-sh pfrtglfrhs lh pflhr lh rh`nthorgïãf lg cgrnh
c grnh
ng sug rhgb`lglh fntfbóo`cg h ng sug vfcgïãf l`v`ng.
"H`s quh g rhgb`zgïãf lh tflg cgrnh
c grnh cahog", l`z
cahog", l`z Lhus g Nfà, frlhngnlf-bah
quh rhûng tflgs gs sugs hnhro`gs lhntrf lg grcg.
Thrhifs bfof f pgphb quh f påncrhgs lhshiphnag nhssg Orgnlh Ferg lh
rh`nthorgïãf h lh rhgb`zgïãf.
F Afihi quh hntrg ng' grcg cfi fs shus "gn`ig`s" lh`xg g s`tugïãf lh
l`bûv`f, lh gngrqu`g, lh lhsfrlhi.
Lh`xg, pfucf g pfucf, g fprhssãf lgs frogn`zgïøhs quh, gtà gqu`,
suest`tuégi g frlhi, gs lgs bh`s lf iunlf quh suest`tuégi gs bh`s
fntfbóo`cgs.
Lh`xg gqu`bf quh bah shrv`g lh iubhtgs, nhchssçr`gs
nhc hssçr`gs pfr ui thipf, igs quh
bfof sh tfigi pr`sãf, lhpf`s tûiubf, pgrg quhi nãf trgnspøh g ]frtg; bh`s
ifrg`s h rhb`o`fsgs lh ui pr`ih`rf névhb lhsgpgrhchi.

Cr`stf nãf "trgegbag" nf l`g lh Sageegt6

H nãf sh l`r`oh gf Afihi quh cubt`vgvg
c ubt`vgvg f shu cgipf nhssh l`g, l`zhnlf-
bah; "Afihi, sh sgehs f quh hstçs dgzhnlf, às ehnl`tf phbf ihu ]g`: igs
sh nãf f sgehs, às trgnsorhssfr lg bh`, h igbl`tf phbf ihu ]g`6"
Nhssh hstço`f, só thi dfrïg lh bh` g kusthzg lg `ndfrigïãf `nthr`fr; g
vfntglh lf ]g`.
Cfif lhscfer`r g "vfntglh lf ]g`"6
Hbg à g cfnsc`ënc`g vhr`d`cglg, `stf à, g b`nougohi lf Pfl, quh nãf sh
ogrgnth quh nãf shkg g lfs nfssfs
nfss fs lhshkfs fu lfs nfssfs rhcgbquhs
`ncfnsc`hnths.
G vhr`d`cgïãf nfs à lglg nfs hbhihntfs iu`tf cfncrhtfs; g cfnsc`ënc`g dgbg
nf iunlf lf „I`‖  prfdunlf,
 prfdunlf, sug ihnsgohi à cfnd`riglg nf iunlf lf „Ig‖ .
 

F „I`‖  h
 h f „Ig‖  shiprh
 shiprh sh cfrrhspfnlhi qugnlf sh hncfntrg f h`xf, f
cgi`naf lf Nfih.
Wugnlf Kuno dgbg lg gn`ig, hbh lhscrhvh g`nlg g sug cfnsc`ënc`g, nuig
thri`nfbfo`g quh bah à própr`g; "hbg hstç, l`z hbh, gbài lh qugbquhr
cgthofr`g": h ig`s gl`gnth; "hbg à chrtgihnth
c hrtgihnth ui `ipubsf v`tgb cgót`cf igs,
gbài l`ssf, prhnlh-sh g hbg uig s`on`d`cgïãf hstrgnag, gbouig cf`sg cfif
ui sgehr shcrhtf fu uig sgehlfr`g hscfnl`lg..."
Nãf hstgr`g Kuno
@nthb`oënc`g lhscrhvhnlf
h Sgehlfr`g, cfi
quh lgé hi`ssf fs grquàt`pfs
l`gnth `ndfrigi E`nga h Afjaiga,
g cfnsc`ënc`g lf shr6
Nfvg `nthb`oënc`g, nfvg sgehlfr`g, nhssh névhb tflfs fs vgbfrhs sãf
lhrrueglfs.
G Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf lf Ehi h lf Igb quh, g pgrt`r lgé, shrç
s hrç v`v`lg ng
sug vhrlglh`rg s`on`d`cgïãf “ Buz h Nãf-Buz “ lhspfkg-sh lfs shus drutfs
dgbgc`fsfs;
Ehi h Igb.
Hbhs nãf tëi ig`s hssh ofstf.
F quh hrg cfnshrvglf cfif "ehi", nf pbgnf egngb, pflh hntãf shr "igb" fu
v`ch-vhrsg.
F cr`tàr`f nãf à ig`s f ehi, igs g glhqugïãf ís nhchss`lglhs lg
rhgb`zgïãf.
F gpóstfbf ]gubf nfs cfnd`g; "\ulf à phri`t`lf, igs nhi tulf à ût`b"  
(7
Gs Cfr, Q; 53).nãf tëi ig`s shnt`lf.
prf`e`ïøhs
Gs bh`s quh thntgi pür frlhi nf iunlf lg lhsfrlhi lg quhlg rhvhbgi-sh
ehi rhbgt`vgs, drçoh`s h `nfphrgnths.
G frlhi só shrç hncfntrglg sg`nlf-sh lf iunlf lg quhlg.
À pfr `ssf quh gs bh`s ps`cfbóo`cgs, hbgs própr`gs b`oglgs í nfssg ngturhzg
hi tûn`cg lh phbh, lãf buogr ís bh`s fntfbóo`cgs.
Chrtg vhz, rhcush`-ih, pgrg ui gi`of quh ih dgz`g f phl`lf, g pgrt`c`pgr
lh uig gïãf lhd`n`lg hi rhbgïãf g uig gi`og cfiui.
]hrsugl`lg lf hnfrih hrrf ps`cfbóo`cf quh `ssf rhprhshntgvg, lhifnstrh`
ihtflfbfo`cgihnth g i`nag pfs`ïãf h rh`thrh`, pf`s, cfi d`rihzg,
d `rihzg, g i`nag
rhcusg.
Hu hstgvg chrtg lh thr rgzãf!
Ng nf`th shou`nth, sfnah` quh hu bhvgvg hssh gi`of pgrg euscgr uig
cr`gnïg lh`xglg sfe g ougrlg lh gbouài.
]gssçvgifs l`gnth lh ui pgbçc`f quh lh`xçvgifs í nfssg hsquhrlg.
Hstgnlf ihu gi`of í i`nag l`rh`tg, `nthrpus-ih hntrh hbh h g chng quh sh
lhshnrfbgvg nf pgbçc`f; uig bgrog pfrtg lh hntrglg, c`cbóp`cg,
c `cbóp`cg, hstgvg
gehrtg: lhntrf, fdhrhc`g-sh ui egnquhth.
Só pfl`g shr ui egnquhth iést`cf, tãf `nthnsg hrg g sug ehbhzg h tãf
`nlhscr`tévhb g sug buz; fs afihns vhst`lfs lh furf h gs iubahrhs lh prgtg,
tflfs er`bagnths, gbthrngvgi-sh hi tfrnf lh uig `ihnsg ihsg ihs g fvgb,
tgieài rgl`gnth.
Hu feshrvgvg h, hntãf, l`ssh g hssh gi`of; "Tfcë nãf sh `ncfiflg sh f
dgïf phrlhr hsth egnquhth6"
Gf lhsphrtgr, g s`tugïãf t`nag-sh tfrnglf iu`tf cbgrg pgrg i`i: i `i: hu t`nag
rgzãf nf pbgnf ps`cfbóo`cf, igs nãf nf pbgnf
p bgnf hsp`r`tugb; hu phrshou`g uig
`ndgnt`b`lglh.
Uhtfih`, hntãf, g prfpfstg lf ihu gi`of h gch`th`-g.
Df` iu`tf l`déc`b v`vë-bg, pf`s hbg lhignlgvg ui cfnstgnth l`schrn`ihntf
hsp`r`tugb h, sferhtulf, ui cfnstgnth rhstgehbhc`ihntf lg nfssg pgrth pgrg
 

v`vhnc`ç-bg nhssh pbgnf, hi quh f ps`qu`sif rhoubgrihnth nfs "grigvg

c`bglgs"...
Igs, fer`ognlf-nfs g v`vhr nf pbgnf fntfbóo`cf, hssg lhc`sãf df` uig dfnth
lh eënïãfs, ís qug`s g rhgb`zgïãf lhssg ferg nãf à hstrgnag.
Gs bh`s ps`cfbóo`cgs quh, nf thipf lhshkglf, nãf chlhi buogr ís bh`s
fntfbóo`cgs nãf pgssgi lh `ndgnt`b`lglh.
F l`schrn`ihntf lhssh "thipf lhshkglf" lhignlg uig orgnlh hscutg.
hs cutg.
Só g hscutg
l`r`kgifs phri`th
pgrg quh sg`gifs
g l`ihnsãf lf gesurlf, lg nfssg surlhz, h quh nfs
lf Thref.
Sh gbouài ngschu nhssh hstglf fntfbóo`cf, igs g sug s`tugïãf nf iunlf
b`og-f g`nlg g fer`ogïøhs cév`cgs, sfc`g`s fu g futrgs shnt`lgs cfif nãf
 kustgs, hsth à l`scépubf lh Cr`stf, "hnv`glf gf iunlf, igs shi shr lf
iunlf": hbh pflh, hntãf, v`vhr b`vrhihnth sugs s`tugïøhs cfhrc`t`vgs.
G ihl`lg quh hbgs f cruc`d`cgi, hssgs cfhrïøhs f bhvgi g ifrrhr h g
rhssusc`tgr cfnt`nugihnth gtà g sug tftgb b`ehrtgïãf `nthr`fr: hbgs sãf,
s ãf,
hntãf, g sug gschsh.
Iu`téss`igs vhzhs, g b`ehrtgïãf `nthr`fr sh vhr`d`cg
v hr`d`cg ng b`ehrtgïãf hxthr`fr quh
hbg lhthri`ng; surohi gcfnthc`ihntfs quh, pgrg f `onfrgnth, sãf
`iputglfs gf "gcgsf", h trgnsdfrigi g v`lg lgquhbh quh "hstç í hscutg".
Gs cfhrïøhs lhsgpgrhchi.
]f`s, nhssh névhb, g b`ehrlglh nãf thi ig`s ihl`lg cfiui cfi gquhbg quh
sh fuvh nfrigbihnth
G b`ehrlglh h quhsuchss`vgs
sãf b`ehrtgïøhs igscgrg tflgs gs nfssgs
lh tulf gb`hngïøhs.
f quh nfs shpgrg lf NFIH.

e) G pfssh lf NFIH
Só hbg nfs b`ehrtg lh dgtf lh tflg hscrgv`lãf.
\flgs gs nfssgs gqu`s`ïøhs nf iunlf sãf uig cfiphnsgïãf `ncfnsc`hnth h
gsshourglfrg pgrg hssg ûn`cg rhgb cfnqu`stg, quh à tgieài g lg b`ehrlglh,
h cukf cgi`naf à tãf l`déc`b lh sh tfigr!
Sh "f d`baf lf Afihi nãf t`nag fnlh lhscgnsgr g cgehïg"  (It, (It, T@@@; 5=), fs
afihns tëi thtfs sferh gs sugs cgehïgs.
Frg, f afihi quh vhi phrountgr g Cr`stf cfif c fif shou`-bf à cfnv`lglf g
lhsgsshourgr-sh tftgbihnth.
F cgi`naf lf NFIH nfs fer`og iu`tgs vhzhs g lh`xgr g cgsg, fs hnths
quhr`lfs... igs aç ger`ofs g`nlg ig`s sut`s; sãf gs cgvhrngs rhcfrtglgs lfs
nfssfs cfnahc`ihntfs h lfs nfssfs phnsgihntfs.
Fs gcûiubfs lgquhbhs h gs sgt`sdgïøhs quh hsths nfs prfpfrc`fngi
trgnsdfrigi-nfs hi hstçtugs; f cgi`naf tfrng-sh ui `ipgssh.
"Sh ih glfrgrhs, lgr-th-h` tflfs hsshs rh`nfs" , l`z Sgtgnçs g Khsus.
Fs rh`nfs hxthr`frhs nãf suest`tu`rãf kgig`s f Uh`nf `nthr`fr, quh só
pflhifs cfnshou`r ifrrhnlf hi cglg pbgnf lh cfnsc`ënc`g
cfnsc `ënc`g `nthr`fr
glqu`r`lf.
F sgehr gcuiubglf phbf hxthr`fr, ng cfipht`ïãf cglg vhz ig`s iut`bgnth
lfs cfncursfs, igtg f Pfl.
Afkh hi l`g, hbh igtg gtà ihsif f cfrpf.
D`cf `iprhss`fnglg cfi f nûihrf lh orgvhs prfebhigs lh sgûlh, quh lh
uig afrg pgrg futrg, ch`dgi fs nfssfs bgurhglfs lgs Orgnlhs Hscfbgs.
Ig`s sut`bihnth hsthr`b`zgnth pflh tfrngr-sh "f cfnahc`ihntf" “ rhsubtglf
lh phsqu`sgs hsftàr`cgs fu `nthorgïãf lh hxphr`ënc`gs v`v`lgs “, qugnlf
hbh à ignt`lf fu cfnluz`lf nf pbgnf lf \HU.
Lhscfer`rhifs, hi shou`lg, g nhchss`lglh lh nfs lhspfkgrifs lh qugbquhr
r`quhzg `nthr`fr pgrg thr gchssf í `nd`n`tg r`quhzg l`v`ng.
 

]f`s tflg vhrlglh nui pbgnf nãf pgssg lh ihnt`rg nf pbgnf lg cfnsc`ënc`g
suphr`fr.
Nãf pflhifs pfssu`r g Thrlglh.
Só pflhifs lh`xgr quh hbg nfs grrhegth.
Igs, nhssg htgpg lf nfssf trgegbaf, f quh `nthrhssg à d`cgr gthntf pgrg.
nãf v`vhr nf \hr gqu`bf quh sh rhbgc`fng cfi f Shr.
À `nût`b hsthnlhr-nfs sferh tflgs gs gqu`s`ïøhs ig`s dfrig`s rh`v`nl`cglgs
pfrc`v`b`zgïøhs
Gs uig pfpubgïãf quh, drustrglg
lf iunlf hstãf shilhdübhof.
ui ig`s SHU, hx`oh ui ig`s \HU.
F Afihi hstç ís vàsphrgs lh cfiprhhnlhr quh f Hvgnohbaf à hssg "Efg-
nfvg"; "]rfcurg pr`ih`rgihnth f Uh`nf, f rhstf shr-th-ã lglf cfif
gcràsc`if"  (It,
 (It, T@; 33 “ Bc, Q@@; 37).
À uig hxphr`ënc`g "`nsgng" rhchehr lf ]g`-Hspfsf tulf gqu`bf lh quh thifs
nhchss`lglh ng v`lg hxthr`fr h `nthr`fr, bfof quh phnhtrgifs f Uh`nf
U h`nf
`nthr`fr.
Igs pflhifs vhr`d`cç-bg.
Xi orgnlh phr`of cfns`sth hi b`ehrtgr-sh lh uig iubhtg shi cu`lgr pgrg
quh futrg ig`s sut`b nãf vhnag suest`tu`-bg.
Só lhsv`gnlf-nfs lhssh phr`of à quh pflhifs rhgbihnth dfrtgbhchr h dgzhr
guihntgr nfssg cfbung vhrthergb, pf`s hntãf f "Uh`nf" sh gerh.
Kuno hxpr`ih `ssf í sug ignh`rg; "Wugnlf tflfs fs supfrths h tflgs gs
iubhtgs hstãf
 prfihthnlf quherglgs
g`nlg h nãf
ui ger`of hihx`sth
gbouinhi ihsif
buogr, g ién`ig
só hntãf shourgnïg
sh gprhshntg g
 pfss`e`b`lglh lh dgzhr g hxphr`ënc`g lh ui grquàt`pf quh gtà hntãf sh t`nag
ignt`lf hscfnl`lf nf gesurlf cgrrhoglf lh s`on`d`cgïãf lg gn`ig."  
Wugnlf f Uh`nf sh gerh, nãf thifs ig`s ihlf i hlf lh phrlhr.
À-nfs lglf pfssu`r tulf gqu`bf lh quh thifs nhchss`lglh... gtà f NFIH.
"Gt`rg-th lgqu` pgrg eg`xf" , l`z g`nlg Sgtgnçs g Khsus, g quhi hbh agv`g
cfnluz`lf gf tfpf lf \hipbf lh Khrusgbài.
"Nãf sgehs quh fs gnkfs th bhvgrãf ngs sugs iãfs lh ihlf quh cafquhs f
thu pà cfntrg uig phlrg6"  (It,
 (It, @T; 4).

c) F pflhr
F pflhr lh ubtrgpgssgohi lgs bh`s quh rhohi g rhbgïãf phrvhrt`lg lf
afihi h lf cfsifs phrthnch gphngs gf afihi quh hncfntrg gs sugs
nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs.
Glãf vfbtg-sh hntãf pgrg g hspfsg-iãh, Glgiga.
"Cfi f sufr lgs tugs ngr`ngs, cfihrçs f pãf gtà quh th vfbths pgrg g
 Glgiga, pf`s hstgs prhsf pfr hbg"  (On,
 (On, @@@; 70).
Hssh gssuntf `ihnsf nãf pflh shr
s hr rhluz`lf g gbouigs b`nags.
\hrh` fpfrtun`lglh lh dgbgr nfvgihnth g rhsph`tf gf hstulgr f sgnouh.
s gnouh.
Ifstrgrh`, hntãf, gs rhbgïøhs iço`cgs quh f Afihi thntg `nstgurgr pgrg
cfnqu`stgr f pflhr cósi`cf.
"Nf pr`ncép`f", Glãf (hspfsf lg Glgiga `nthr`fr) hrg tgieài cagiglf g
tfrngr-sh hspfsf lf cfsifs hxthr`fr, quh lhv`g fehlhchr g hbh h lgr-bah fs
shus drutfs.
Lh`xgnlf lh lhspfsgr sug thrrg `nthr`fr “ g Glgiga “, quh f lrgig lg
quhlg bah dgz hsquhchr, g thrrg hxthr`fr tfrng-sh afst`b g hbh: quh só shnth
pfr hbg lhshkf lh pfssh h lfién`f.
Sugs rhbgïøhs cfi hbg nãf sãf ig`s lh gifr, igs lh dfrïg.
 

Nhssg phrsphct`vg, gs v`rtulhs auigngs pséqu`cgs quh cfnshouhi hssg

cfnqu`stg phrthnchi g cgthofr`gs lh vfntglh, lh cfrgohi,
c frgohi, gtà ihsif lh
ahrfésif.
T`ifs \hshu ifrrhr lh ui ahrfésif `nût`b.
F ihlf hstç vhnc`lf: pfrài, nuig gt`tulh lh thnsãf quh nãf rhgb`zg gs
hnhro`gs h, gbài l`ssf, nfs hsvgz`g lhbgs.
Hssg gt`tulh gv`vg cglg l`g ig`s f "dhr`ihntf nf pà".
Tfbtgr gfcfi
gogrrgr, pbgnf fntfbóo`cf àahró`,
f vhrlglh`rf gegnlfngr g cbgvg
g Hspglg lh cfurf
lh furf lh \hshu
lf NFIH: pgrg
à `ntrfluz`r-sh
nf shu h`xf pgrg rhchehr g sug dfrïg.
Sh fs içrt`rhs ng grhng nãf sãf lhvfrglfs phbgs ehstgs shbvgohns, à
pfrquh "lhspfsgrgi" gs hnhro`gs `nthr`frhs quh cfrrhspfnlhi g hsshs
gn`ig`s h pfrquh hsths rhsp`rgi f shu s hu phrduih nf Afihi."  
Sh f bfef tfrng-sh cfipgnah`rf lh Sãf Drgnc`scf h g t`orhsg, lh Sgntf
@sggc, à pfrquh fs afihns `nthorgrgi f shu bfef h f shu t`orh `nthr`frhs
rhsphct`vfs pgrg `nvhrthr sugs hnhro`gs lhvfrglfrgs h bhvç-bfs í sug
dunïãf-buz.
Hssh pflhr hx`oh ui gegnlfnf gesfbutf, ui gifr gesfbutf ges fbutf pgrg uig
rhgb`zgïãf tftgb.
Nãf aç i`bgorh: aç gphngs rhtfrnf h fehl`ënc`g ís bh`s fntfbóo`cgs.
\flgs gs tàcn`cgs auigngs só cu`lgi lh pür frlhi nf iunlf lg quhlg, f
iunlf lf Afihi,
Gs rhb`o`øhs ehstg
v`v`lgs lh shbvgohi
dfrg, quh nãflhntrh gs ehstgs
rh`ntrfluzhi shbvgohns.
f Afihi ngs sugs
nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs, igs quh f ebfquh`gi hi cgthofr`gs ifrg`s quh vãf
gtà g hxgbtgïãf lhssh dgbsf ahrfésif, sãf gphngs cfiprfiht`ihntfs cfi f
iunlf lg quhlg.
F hvgnohb`stg Bucgs rhbgtg uig `iprhss`fngnth
`iprhss `fngnth pgrçefbg hi quh Cr`stf
thri`ng l`zhnlf; "Gss`i tgieài tu, uig vhz dh`tf f thu lhvhr, às ui
shrvf `nût`b"  (Bc,
 (Bc, QT@@; 7=).
Lhvf tulf f quh rhche` lfs thsfurfs lf Cr`st`gn`sif íquhbh quh df` f ihu
ihstrh hsp`r`tugb h f ihu ihstrh lh thfbfo`g, Ifns. Khgn lh Sg`nt-Lhnys.
Xi l`g, quhrhnlf `bustrgr f quh gcgegvg lh ih hxpb`cgr g rhsph`tf lg nét`lg
cb`vgohi hntrh hsshs lf`s pbgnfs, ui pséqu`cf h f futrf fntfbóo`cf, hbh ih
l`ssh; "Hu t`nag cgtfrzh gnfs. Lurgnth uig dhstg
dhs tg quh rhun`g tflg g i`nag
dgiéb`g ng nfssg cgsg, ihu t`f grqu`ignlr`tg ih tfifu phbf ergïf h ih
bhvfu pgrg lgr uig vfbtg ng nfssg prfpr`hlglh. Ng ogbhr`g lfs gnchstrg`s,
hbh ih cfnv`lfu g feshrvgr cfi rhsph`tf hsshs afihns, iu`tfs lfs qug`s
agv`gi s`lf ahró`s; mFbah-fs ehi, ihu ihn`nf, tflfs hrgi afihns quh
t`nagi f shnsf lg afnrg.' Lhpf`s hbh ih bhvfu gtà g cgphbg. Bç, l`gnth lh
cglg écfnh, uig bgipglgz`nag quh`igvg. Fs sgntfs vhbgvgi. mFbah-fs
ehi', l`ssh-ih ihu t`f, 'hsths afihns h hstgs iubahrhs nãf t`nagi f
shnsf lg afnrg.'"
Nf ifihntf hi quh Ifns. Khgn ih l`ssh `ssf, hu nãf cfiprhhnl`g ehi f
quh s`on`d`cgvg "nãf thr f shnsf lg afnrg", hu quh, pfr cgusg lg i`nag
dgiéb`g, ih shnt`g lg rgïg hi quh nãf sh er`ncg cfi hsshs vgbfrhs!
Gprhnl`, gfs pfucfs, g dhcagr fs fbafs pgrg hssgs v`rtulhs g d`i lh lh`xgr
phnhtrgr g `ndfrigïãf `nthr`fr quh fer`og gf ohstf kustf, ihsif qugnlf
hssh ohstf nãf à cfiprhhnl`lf hntrh fs quh nfs chrcgi h ihsif quh nfs
grr`squhifs g pgssgr pfr bgssfs, vhbagcfs, h gtà ihsif bfucfs!
Kuno hxprhssg `ssf l`zhnlf quh gquhbh quh fehlhch í sug gn`ig "pflh
hntãf supfrtgr `nkûr`gs h bfuvfrhs" (pf`s fs bfuvfrhs nãf sãf uig grigl`bag
ihnfr!).
 

F Afihi hncfntrg, hntãf, hi s`, g sug gutfr`lglh, nf shnt`lf ht`ifbóo`cf

lf thrif (lf bgt`i guohrh; dgzhr crhschr).
Só f Pfl dgz crhschr.
\flg gutfr`lglh hxthr`fr hxhrc`lg sferh fs futrfs, fu rhche`lg lfs futrfs,
nãf pgssg lh pflhr.
Xi glubtf “ h hnthnlf pfr glubtf f shr quh gegnlfnfu sugs iubhtgs “ à f
gutfr lfs shus gtfs.
Hbh à f ûn`cf rhspfnsçvhb
G rhspfnsge`b`lglh `ipb`cgpfr
fs `ssf.
hspfnsg`s (spfnsg) cfns`of ihsif.
À pfr `ssf quh nãf pflhifs hncfntrgr nf névhb lf quglr`bçthrf nhnauig bh`
quh hignh lh ui pflhr.
Gqu`, só tëi "gutfr`lglh" gs bh`s quh l`tgi gs nfssgs hstruturgs
dunlgihntg`s, g frlhi cósi`cg.
H hssgs bh`s só pflhi lh`xgr-sh lhscfer`r phbf nfssf shr `rrgc`fngb.
Hxprhssgs, hbgs sãf gnt`nüi`cgs.
À gss`i, pfr hxhipbf, quh ui Hstglf nãf pflhrç thnlhr pgrg g pgz shnãf
nf l`g hi quh sugs bh`s suro`rhi lg rhgb`lglh-gx`fig rhcfnahc`lg phbg
cfnsc`ënc`g cfbht`vg, lg `ougblglh lh vgbfr hntrh g phssfg ûn`cg h g
sfc`hlglh `nth`rg.
Fs `lhg`s pfbét`cfs quh lãf g pr`igz`g g ui fu g futrf lhsshs lf`s póbfs “ 
phssfg fu cfbht`v`lglh “ hstãf hrrglfs h `ipøhi ui pflhr, dfnth “ chlf
fu tgrlh “ lh cfndb`tf.
Hssg rhgb`lglh gntrfpfbóo`cg à g própr`g `igohi lf shus hu grquàt`pf l`v`nf
quh f i`stàr`f thfbóo`cf rhvhbg: fs "lfoigs" cr`stãfs hxpr`ihi lugs
Uhgb`lglhs gnt`nüi`cgs;
“ g cfhx`stënc`g lh lugs ngturhzgs, l`v`ng
l `v`ng h auigng, ng ]hssfg ûn`cg lh
Cr`stf:
“ g Xn`lglh L`v`ng hi \rës ]hssfgs cfnthnlf, cglg uig lgs ]hssfgs, g
pbhn`tulh lg l`v`nlglh.
Bfnoh lh shrhi "lfoiçt`cgs" nf shnt`lf hiegrgïfsf quh hssh thrif
tfifu aç ui chrtf nûihrf lh sàcubfs nf Fc`lhnth, hssgs lugs Uhgb`lglhs,
pgrg gquhbhs quh gs v`vhi, sãf b`ehrtglfrgs.
Wugnlf f thrif lfoiçt`cf lhs`ong vhrlglhs fekht`vglgs fu uig
gutfr`lglh gb`hngnth, hbh nãf à ig`s glhquglf.
G rg`z orhog lfoig hstç b`oglg í lh „lfxg‖ ; "f quh pgrhch kustf" h, iu`tf
pgrt`cubgrihnth gqu`, s`nün`if lh "bfuvfr".
Ihsif gs c`ënc`gs dés`cgs h igthiçt`cgs só pflhi egshgr-sh hi gx`figs,
ng gutfr`lglh lh shus "lfoigs", pf`s hbhs cfnst`tuhi g egsh nhchssçr`g lh
crhsc`ihntf h sãf, pfrtgntf, b`ehrgnths. 
Hssgs c`ënc`gs d`cgrgi pfr iu`tf
iu `tf thipf nf shu "pr`ih`rf hstço`f",
lhscfer`nlf pfucf g pfucf gs bh`s `ihl`gtgs lg Ngturhzg.
Gf prfpfr f pr`ncép`f lg rhbgt`v`lglh (quh, cfif kç l`ssh gnths, shr`g
cagiglf afkh lh "f Gesfbutf quh gs gpgrënc`gs rhcferhi"), H`nsth`n dhz
quh hssgs c`ënc`gs pgssgsshi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns".
Gofrg, hbgs trgzhi í buz gs bh`s dunlgihntg`s "ihtgbóo`cgs", cukg rhgb`lglh
só pflhi hxprhssgr pfr gd`rigïøhs cfntrgl`tór`gs; g buz shrç cfns`lhrglg
cfrpuscubgr h fnlubgtór`g gf ihsif thipf: f cfnahc`ihntf nhssh névhb à,
gf ihsif thipf, suekht`vf h fekht`vf: g hnhro`g à hspér`tf
hsp ér`tf h igtàr`g...
Só gs c`ënc`gs auigngs g`nlg d`cgi pr`s`fnh`rgs lfs nfssfs lugb`sifs
`ndgnt`s, pf`s nfssgs hstruturgs ps`cfbóo`cgs hncfntrgi o`ognthscgs
rhs`stënc`gs í sug hvfbuïãf.
Hbgs nãf trgnspushrgi g sug "]frtg lfs Afihns".
 

Lgé f thiévhb a`gtf quh sh `nstgbfu aç pfucf hntrh f Afihi h g sug ferg,
hntrh f shu shr h gs ohstgïøhs lf shu càrherf quh hbh à `ncgpgz lh
lfi`ngr.
G gnoûst`g iflhrng hncfntrg gé uig lgs sugs ig`s prfdunlgs rgézhs...
Hstg à g rgzãf phbg qugb, pfr ig`s pgrglfxgb quh `ssf pfssg pgrhchr, gs
c`ënc`gs dés`cgs nfs fer`ogi, nf ifihntf gtugb, g pgssgr phbg nfssg "]frtg
lfs Afihns": hbgs nfs `iphbhi g hncfntrgr g nfssg vhrlglh`rg l`ihnsãf,
ng dgbtgshnt`lf,
Nhssh lf quh pgrhch-ih
hbgs nfs hsigogrãf.
`ipfrtgnth `ns`st`r ng pgssgohi lgs v`rtulhs
pséqu`cgs pgrg gs v`rtulhs hsp`r`tug`s, fntfbóo`cgs, pgrt`c`pgnlf lh uig
futrg hxphr`ënc`g.
Nhssg àpfcg, Ifns. Khgn t`nag nfs lh`xglf phbf Uh`nf.
Xig nf`th, sfnah` quh hbh vfbtgvg pgrg v`s`tgr-nfs,
v`s `tgr-nfs, gfs shus futrfs
l`scépubfs h g i`i.
Hbh v`nag hns`ngr-nfs lh nfvf.
Igs, nui lglf ifihntf, hbh nfs dhz cfiprhhnlhr quh lhv`g pgrt`r
nfvgihnth: hbh nãf phrthnc`g ig`s g hstg \hrrg
\ hrrg h vfbtgvg pgrg g sug.
s ug.
Hbh gergïfu g tflfs, hxchtf g i`i, h l`r`o`u-sh pgrg g pfrtg lh sgélg.
Hu hstgvg gthrrglg, nãf cfiprhhnl`g h sfdr`g.
Lh rhphnth, hbh vfbtfu-sh, vh`f ng i`nag l`rhïãf: hu hstgvg gkfhbaglg
l`gnth lhbh, sug hstfbg hstgvg pfusglg sferh g i`nag cgehïg cfif nf r`tugb
lg phn`tënc`g, h hbh ih l`ssh; "Tfcë, Gnn`cj, lhvh shr tflg gifr."  
Lhpf`s df` hiefrg.
Hssh sfnaf à ui lfs quh ig`s igrcgrgi g i`nag v`lg.
À vhrlglh`rgihnth g b`nougohi lgs prfdunlhzgs; hu nãf t`nag lh rhchehr
hncfrgkgihntfs, bfuvfrhs, cgbfr gdht`vf lf ihstrh, igs t`nag lh v`vhr f
egt`sif lh dfof.
Ihus cfipgnah`rfs, hncfrgkglfs phbf gergïf lf ihstrh, hrgi gs i`nags
hnhro`gs nãf-rhgb`zglgs, drçoh`s, quh, hi i`i, gb`ihntgvgi g`nlg f pbgnf
pséqu`cf h lhv`gi shr pur`d`cglgs phbf dfof.
Hssh sfnaf dhz-ih tgieài cfiprhhnlhr ui gsphctf lf i`tf lh Wg`n h
Gehb quh `bustrg, gcrhl`tf, ig`s lf quh qugbquhr futrf, hssg cb`vgohi hntrh
f pbgnf pséqu`cf `nhrhnth í quhlg h f pbgnf fntfbóo`cf gf qugb g "]frtg lfs
Afihns" lç nfvgihnth gchssf, gquhbh hi quh sh lhvh v`vhr f egt`sif lh
dfof.
Wg`n  pflh shr b`lf "n`naf  lf Pfl".
Hbh à, nf pgr lfs lf`s `riãfs, f Afihi fntfbóo`cf. 
Gehb  à f nfih lg "vg`lglh", lgqu`bf quh à `busór`f nf shnt`lf lh quh
nãf thi rhgb`lglh hi s`.
Nhssh qugrtf cgpétubf lf Oënhs`s, Gehb só à nfihglf gcfipgnaglf lf
qugb`d`cgt`vf quh bah lç g sug rhgb`lglh; "shu `riãf".
Hbh à f "Afihi lh ‒tûn`cg lh phbh", quh à gphngs "gcrhschntglf" g Wg`n f
quh, gb`çs, f thxtf aherg`cf hxpr`ih.
Hbh à ougrl`ãf lh ui phquhnf rhegnaf, gf pgssf quh Wg`n à "bgvrglfr lg
Glgiga"!
"Nf d`i lgs çougs" fu "lfs l`gs" “ gs pgbgvrgs "l`g" h "çoug" tëi ui
pburgb cfiui , Pgi`i “, `stf à, "ng rhgb`zgïãf
r hgb`zgïãf lh uig pr`ih`rg sfig
fd hrhnlg g ; g lh
lh hnhro`gs nãf-rhgb`zglgs", Wg`a h Gehb bhvgi uig fdhrhnlg
Gehb (fsà pr`ifoën`tfs
"fbagr" lf shu
dh`tf phbgs qugtrf rhegnaf)
bhtrgs à "fbaglg",
lf nfih ZHi
lh Khsus, aherg`cf,Hi
f Sgbvglfr. f vhref
d`b`orgng; f pr`ih`rf fbagr l`v`nf sferh f Afihi lhpf`s lg quhlg à f lh
 

 Khsus, f fbagr lf Sgbvglfr!Y g

Sgbvglfr!Y g lh Wg`n (fs pr`ih`rfs drutfs lg Glgiga) nãf
à fbaglg.
Nui pr`ih`rf névhb nãf cfiprhhnlhifs!
Wg`n nãf cfiprhhnlh!
"@ssf f `rr`tg: dgz lhscg`r f shu shiebgnth" , l`z f thxtf; f shu cgipf
c gipf lh
cfnsc`ënc`g nãf à vhrlglh`rgihnth gquhbh gf qugb f cfnv`lgc fnv`lg f shu Pfl!
@ssf à hxpb`c`tgihnth l`tf pfr   quh, `nthrv`nlf, d`btrg hntãf
dunlgihntgbihnth hsshs névh`s; "]fr quh f dfof lg cóbhrg sfeh hi t` h pfr
quh cg` f thu névhb6 Sh hstçs
hs tçs nf \fv (f póbf buz) à g frlhi: igs, sh nãf
hstçs nf \fv, f phcglf sh gogcag í tug pfrtg: hbh trgz f shu lhshkf sferh
t`, h tu f lfi`ngs!"  (On,
 (On, @T; 4-?).
Cg`r nui futrf cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g à `lhnt`d`cgr-sh cfi f cgipf lg
tûn`cg lh phbh, à lgr-sh cfif
c fif gb`ihntf g Sgtgnçs (quh lhshkg hssh
dhst`i!): à hntrgr, gtrgvàs lh Gehb, hi butg cfi Sgtgnçs pgrg lfi`nç-bf.
Shr \fv à iulgr f pbgnf lg cfnsc`ënc`g, à hntrgr ng buz lf gcfnthc`ihntf,
ng `nthb`oënc`g lf shu shnt`lf.
À vhrlglh quh , nf cfrgïãf lf nfih lh Wg`n, "n`naf lf Pfl", Pfl" , hx`oh g
n`l`d`cgïãf h sueihth Wg`n í prfvg lf gifr.
Gehb, afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, afihi drgcf, drg cf, cukg `nthb`oënc`g à hscrgvg
lfs `ipubsfs gn`ig`s, thi nhchss`lglh lh shr hncfrgkglf, lh shr "sgbvf".
Uhbhvgr g cfnsc`ënc`g, hntrgr ng `nthb`oënc`g l`v`ng lf gcfnthc`ihntf à
cfncfrlgr hi nglg cfiprhhnlhr nf ifihntf, à gch`tgr nãf sh shrv`r lg
`nthb`oënc`g lh dfrig igscub`ng, igs lh`xç-bg
lh `xç-bg phnhtrgr pfucf g pfucf phbg
sgehlfr`g l`v`ng quh, fntfbfo`cgihnth, à igscub`ng, gf pgssf quh g nfssg
`nthb`oënc`g fntfbóo`cg à dhi`n`ng.
Tfbtgrh` g hsth gssuntf.
Uhbhvgr g cfnsc`ënc`g à, pfrtgntf, rhnunc`gr g hncfntrgr f shnt`lf lf
gcfnthc`ihntf nf névhb g quh hssh gcfnthc`ihntf nãf phrthnch.
\ fv, f quh g pgbgvrg  Shhta
À "bgrogr iãf", à `ntrfluz`r-sh nf h`xf lf \fv,
hxpr`ih: hu g trgluzf pfr "frlhi", h nãf pfr "l`onf",
" l`onf", cfif sh dgz
ohrgbihnth: igs hssh thrif `ntrfluz iu`tgs vhzhs uig v`rtulh pséqu`cg.
"L`onf" só à kustf ng ihl`lg hi quh hxpb`cg g glhqugïãf ng frlhi
grquhtép`cg, f quh à ig`s ehi hxpb`cglf
hxp b`cglf phbg pgbgvrg "frlhi".
G pgbgvrg Shhta pflh shr b`lg; Sahta , (egsh) lf Gbhpa !
Nhssg
ihsifgt`tulh, g hifïãf “ gqu` g cóbhrg lf c`ûih “ nãf sh hbhvg nhi
nf Afihi.
Nãf aç nhnaui lhsphrléc`f lh hnhro`g.
\ulf à \fv!
Igs sh f Afihi rheg`xg f shu cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g, suroh g hifïãf.
Wuhi shrç f shu shnafr, f Afihi fu f Sgtgnçs, quh sh gogcag pgrg
lhvfrç-bf6
G butg cfihïg.
Nf pbgnf pséqu`cf, g butg à hxthnugnth !
Frg, g ngrrgt`vg lf i`tf ifstrg-nfs Wg`n h Gehb "nf ihsif cgipf lf shu
shr", `stf à, nf ihsif cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g.
Wg`n df` hntãf rheg`xglf gf pbgnf pséqu`cf!
Gé hbh nhi shquhr butg.
F shu Pfl, f shu
s hu Thref, sh vfbtg `ihl`gtgihnth cfntrg Gehb.
Hbh igtg
À cfi f `riãf.
f shu Thref quh hbh f igtg.
 

À shiprh cfi g nfssg pfthnc`gb`lglh-Thref quh igtgifs, shkg hbg g

hspglg, g dgcg fu qugbquhr lgs grigs ig`s sfd`st`cglgs gtà g ig`s pàrd`lg
lhbgs; g bénoug.
"Wuh d`zhsth, vfz6" , phrountg Lhus g Wg`n hnqugntf Thref.
Gquhbh quh nãf pøh nf iunlf f Pfl quh à, lhstró` g s` ihsif h lhstró`
tulf hi tfrnf lh s`.
"G Hspglg lh lf`s ouihs"  fu
 fu v`v`d`cg fu igtg.
Hbg lç v`lg
@nvhrthr gs gf quh pgssg
hnhro`gs, phbglf"]frtg
pgssgr lfs gf
pséqu`cf Afihns" h igtg
fntfbóo`cf, f futrf.
g`nlg pflh shr
v`vhnc`glf í buz lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta.
Uhtfihifs f hsquhig cfnst`tuélf pgrg f hstulf lg l`rh`tg h lg hsquhrlg.
F dhi`n`nf pgssg pgrg g l`rh`tg lhpf`s lg quhlg: f igscub`nf pgssg pgrg g
hsquhrlg.
Só g cgehïg, `igohi lf "càu gnthr`fr" , nãf sfdrh g `nvhrsãf.

Lhscfer`rhifs hssh "cruzgihntf lgs buzhs" `nscr`tf nf nfssf

nfss f cfrpf gf névhb
lf eubef rgqu`l`gnf.
Igs, ng vhrlglh, f nfssf
nfss f "cfrpf pfsthr`fr", lh tûn`cg lh phbh, nãf hsquhch
gquhbh quh fehlhch hi prfdunl`lglh gf càu `nthr`fr, h g suphrpfs`ïãf lfs
lf`s pbgnfs pgrhch-ih cfnst`tu`r ui hscbgrhc`ihntf prhc`fsf nf nfssf
hstulf.

G. T`ifs quh f dhi`n`nf pgssg pgrg g l`rh`tg lhpf`s lg quhlg h quh,

q uh,
hsshnc`gbihnth, "dhi`n`zg" g sgehlfr`g fntfbóo`cg quh trgnsdfrig àt`cgs,
 

d`bfsfd`gs, sgehlfr`gs rhb`o`fsgs, ifrg`s hi "bfucurgs" l`gnth

l `gnth lg Sgehlfr`g
l`v`ng, l`rç @sgégs (QQ@Q;7<) h, lhpf`s lhbh, f gpóstfbf ]gubf
(@ Cfr, @@@;70).
Nhssg ót`cg, f lhus lfs d`bósfdfs hstç rhluz`lf g ui lhi`urof rhbhoglf
nui càu trgnschnlhnth h `ngchssévhb, @ncr`glf, quh nãf phnhtrg f cr`glf.
Igs, pgrglfxgbihnth, hsth à hr`o`lf hi ku`z lh uig auign`lglh cfi g
qugb nãf thi nglg hi cfiui h ng qugb g sug orgïg nãf `nthrvài shnãf
qugnlf bah gprgz.
"Orgïg-I`shr`córl`g", g shpa`rga Ahshl tgieài à dhi`n`zglg h tfrng-sh
shnt`ihntgb`lglh hifc`fngb quh sh gtr`eu` pfr prfkhïãf gf lhus
trgnschnlhnth.
Hbg gn`ig uig auign`lglh dëihg h ife`b`zg tflgs gs efgs cfnsc`ënc`gs
ngs frogn`zgïøhs phssfg`s, sfc`g`s, `nthrngc`fng`s, tflgs rhpgrglfrgs lh
hrrfs `nhbutgvhbihnth cfiht`lfs, h cfiht`lfs phbfs futrfs...
Gs "lgigs lh cgr`lglh",
c gr`lglh", lh qugbquhr oënhrf, prhstgi sfcfrrf g i`sàr`gs
quh nfs rhcusgifs g fbagr l`gnth lgs vhrlglh`rgs cgusgs.
Cfif uig ihl`c`ng quh só trgtg fs s`ntfigs, gs ngïøhs rhihlh`gi fs
shus igbhs shi cfbfcç-bfs hi quhstãf.
F tfnhb lgs Lgng`lhs rfbg shiprh!
Hssg ihsig shpa`rga, tgieài cagiglg Oglfubga “ Orgnlhzg “ tfrng-sh
hntãf g orgnlhzg lgquhbh quh sh kubog igonån`if pfrquh ofstg lh sh vhr
ohnhrfsf.
"T`tór`g", dhi`n`zglg, tfrng-sh cfnqu`stg vg`lfsg h sh dgz shrvg lg obór`g
hxthr`fr.
Uhst`tu`r í l`rh`tg g sug l`ihnsãf fntfbóo`cg à rhst`tu`r-bah f shu pflhr
igscub`nf.
G Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng à, bhierhifs, "]g` l`v`nf".
l `v`nf".
G Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng ubtrgpgssg g tflgs gs àt`cgs, "g bh` h fs prfdhtgs".
Hbg à uig bfucurg tãf orgnlh hi rhbgïãf g tulf f quh pflhifs cfnchehr
quh, sh ui lh nós v`hssh g thr gchssf í sug hxphr`ënc`g, nãf l`spfr`g lh
nhnauig pgbgvrg pgrg hxpb`cç-bg.
H sh thntgssh hxpb`cgr, cfif Agi, d`baf lh Nfà, quh v`nag "cfntgr pgrg f
bglf lh dfrg" fs i`stàr`fs quh t`nag v`stf
v `stf lf bglf lh lhntrf, shr`g
quh`iglf.
Igs à lg ig`fr uroënc`g, thnlf hi cfntg g bfucurg auigng, pgrg g qugb g
nfssg `nthb`oënc`g igscub`n`zglg nfs gcug, `r hi l`rhïãf g hssg Sgehlfr`g.
Cfif fs lf`s futrfs d`bafs lh Nfà, lhvhifs `r pgrg bç "rhcugnlf",
rhvhbgnlf f quh nãf pflh shr v`v`lf!
@r hi l`rhïãf g hssg Sgehlfr`g à tfrngr-sh "igscub`nf" h "bhiergr-sh" lf
quh sfifs pgrg tfigr f cgi`naf lgs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, quh sãf
"@nthb`oënc`g".
F cgi`naf à tãf gd`glf qugntf g båi`ng lg Hspglg.
Sfifs gé grrhegtglfs hntrh g bh` h f prfdht`sif;
“ bh` quh hstge`b`zg h cfnstró` nf névhb lh uig \hrrg, igs quh fdhrhch f
phr`of lg hstgongïãf: 
“ prfdht`sif quh grrgncg lhssg \hrrg pgrg `r hi l`rhïãf g uig nfvg
`nthb`oënc`g ig`s prfdunlg, igs quh pflh tfrngr-sh bfucurg auigng.
Nfssf càrherf l`rh`tf, iulf gtà gofrg, lhvh lhsphrtgr pgrg quh thnagifs
gchssf g uig vhrt`cgb`zgïãf, quh à fehl`hnth g hssg hx`oënc`g lh
phnhtrgïãf.
Nhssh cgi`naf, afihns h iubahrhs sãf `oug`s, igs fs shus lfns h gs sugs
dunïøhs nãf sãf gs ihsigs.
 

Sãf fntfbfo`cgihnth `oug`s, igs e`fbfo`cgihnth l`dhrhnths h

cfipbhihntgrhs; shus lfns h dunïøhs nãf sãf gs ihsigs ng v`lg hxthr`fr.
F bglf hsquhrlf igscub`nf phlh quh ui h futrf hntrhi ng cfnsc`ënc`g lh
quh g rhgb`zgïãf lh uig htgpg `ipb`cg g`nlg uig orgnlh sfig lf nãf-
rhgb`zglf, f quh à g vhrlglh`rg aui`blglh.
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, f igscub`nf à aui`blglh h i`shr`córl`g.
E`fbfo`cgihnth, f afihi à cagiglf g tfrngr-sh shnafr
s hnafr lf cfsifs
hxthr`fr.
G dfrïg dés`cg bah à lglg pgrg `ssf: igs, sh hbh nãf g pøh g shrv`ïf lh uig
`nthb`oënc`g dhi`n`ng h lh ui r`ofr b`oglf í `ndfrigïãf quh hbg bah lgrç, hbh
shrç ui dgbsf shnafr.
F Afihi à ui cfnstrutfr quh lhvh prfcurgr sugs `ndfrigïøhs nuig
phnhtrgïãf gifrfsg lf shu cfsifs `nthr`fr h lf cfsifs hxthr`fr.
Hbh lhvh hstgr cfnsc`hnth lg rhbgt`v`lglh lg sug Sgehlfr`g h nãf prhnlë-bg
lhntrf lh s`sthig gboui.

E. T`ifs quh f igscub`nf pgssg pgrg g hsquhrlg lhpf`s lg quhlg h quh,

hsshnc`gbihnth, hbh igscub`n`zg g "`nthb`oënc`g", quh sh tfrng dfrïg
d frïg
phnhtrgnth hi buogr lh shr ui i`stàr`f phnhtrglf.
G `nthb`oënc`g à, hntãf, tftgbihnth `nvhst`lg ng lhscfehrtg lf iunlf
hxthr`fr h ng sug lfihst`cgïãf.
Wugnlf hbg vg` hi l`rhïãf gf iunlf `nthr`fr, nãf hstç ig`s gehrtg g uig
hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg, igs g uig cfnstruïãf
c fnstruïãf lh hsquhigs `nthbhctugb`zglfs.
G `nthb`oënc`g igscub`n`zglg à `nthbhctugb.
Nfssf t`pf lh c`v`b`zgïãf lhshnvfbvh hssg `nthb`oënc`g gtà g ig`s hxtrhig
shou`lãf.
Nfssf càrherf hsquhrlf lhshnvfbvh-sh ng ig`fr `onfrånc`g lf càrherf
l`rh`tf.
G "dfrïg", tgieài hbg igscub`n`zglg, tfrng-sh dfrïg hxthr`fr, dés`cg,
pséqu`cg fu `nthbhctugb.
Hbg à cfipht`t`vg, hsigoglfrg fu hsigoglg, cfnqu`stglfrg
c fnqu`stglfrg pgrg gvgssgbgr
fu cfnqu`stglg pgrg shrv`r.
"U`ofr" igscub`nf à shctgr`sif h dhcagihntf.
G "Obór`g" nãf à ig`s g lf NFIH, igs g lg dgig.
Uhst`tu`r í hsquhrlg g sug l`ihnsãf fntfbóo`cg à rhst`tu`r-bah f shu s hu
vhrlglh`rf rfstf dhi`n`nf.
G `nthb`oënc`g l`v`ng, bhierhifs, à "Iãh
"I ãh l`v`ng".
G @nthb`oënc`g “  E`nga “ hstç b`oglg í `ndfrigïãf, g lf Afihi quh
cgi`nag ruif í sug rhgb`zgïãf, pf`s cglg
c glg thrrg phnhtrglg giglurhchrç f
shu drutf.
F ûbt`if drutf shrç f Pfl: hbh lgrç ngsc`ihntf gf Afihi quh, tftgbihnth
`ndfriglf, hntrgrç ng l`ihnsãf lh d`baf-Ehn .
À pfr `ssf quh hu l`z`g gnthr`frihnth quh g `nthb`oënc`g nf pbgnf
pbgn f fntfbóo`cf
à gehrturg gifrfsg pgrg g phnhtrgïãf lg Sgehlfr`g: hbg cfnst`tu` cglg uig
lgs nfssgs thrrgs `nthr`frhs quh, dhcunlglg, l`str`eu` f drutf lf Pfl, g
dfrïg, hnhro`g-`ndfrigïãf quh hbg hnchrrgvg gtà hntãf.
Ng ûbt`ig thrrg, hbg rhvhbg f NFIH ng sugs ug tftgb`lglh, g tftgb hnhro`g-
`ndfrigïãf.
Nfssffcàrherf
l`r`g, "vhntrh"hsquhrlf, rhst`tuélf
P`n, quh cfntài í sug(Pgno)
f D`baf dunïãfngs
fntfbóo`cg, à f bglf P`n, hu
sugs prfdunlhzgs.
\hifs lh rhst`tu`r-bah g sug vfcgïãf dhi`n`ng; rhchehr f Hspfsf-Sgehlfr`g
 

h pür nf iunlf f "Hu" pfr htgpgs suchss`vgs, nf "U`ofr" “  L`n “ lh

cglg uig lhssgs htgpgs, gtà gquhbg quh lgrç f D`baf Ehn.
G `nthb`oënc`g à uig ohstgïãf.
\gntf qugntf g iubahr, f afihi à cagiglf
c agiglf g hssg ohstgïãf, quh,
lhvhifs hstgr cfnsc`hnths, à lfbfrfsg.
Igs g iubahr, b`oglg e`fbfo`cgihnth g hssg
hss g vfcgïãf hxthr`fr, à
ngturgbihnth i`stàr`f quh nãf lhsgerfcagrç h nãf sh rhvhbgrç g nãf shr nf
gifr.
Uhvhbglg, hbg pflh lgr gf iunlf ui nfvf t`pf lh `ndfrigïãf, pf`s
fntfbfo`cgihnth hbg hstç b`oglg í `nthb`oënc`g lf iunlf.
Sh f afihi sh lhvftg í cfnstruïãf, g iubahr sh lhvftg iu`tf ig`s í
`nvhnïãf h í cr`gïãf.
Lhspfkglg lg sgehlfr`g, g `nthb`oënc`g pflh pür ifnstrfs nf iunlf.
Lhspfkglg lg i`shr`córl`g, f r`ofr h g dfrïg
dfrï g pflhi shr lhvgstglfrhs.
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, f igscub`nf h f dhi`n`nf sgélfs lg cfndusãf
c fndusãf sãf
cagiglfs, nfs cgsgihntfs suchss`vfs lh cglg ui lh nós cfns`of ihsif,
g 'dgzhr uig só cgrnh", `stf à, g rhst`tu`r í cgrnh g sug vfcgïãf l`v`ng" h g
rhgt`zç-bg ng l`rhïãf lf Hspfsf l`v`nf.
F cgsgihntf hxthr`fr à f séiefbf l`ssf: pfrtgntf, ui lfs cgi`nafs.
Hssh gssuntf pflhr`g shr `nd`n`tgihnth ig`s lhshnvfbv`lf.
Wuhrf gqu` lgr gphngs ui pfntf lh pgrt`lg í rhdbhxãf lhv`lg pgrg quh
pgsshifs phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns";
Afihns" ; "tfrngr-sh glubtf", cfif sh l`z
cfrrhnthihnth afkh hi l`g, nãf à pür hi frlhi gs hnhro`gs pséqu`cgs,
ps équ`cgs, igs
rhst`tué-bgs í sug l`ihnsãf fntfbóo`cg, cukg kustg rhdhrënc`g phrthnch gf
"cfrpf l`v`nf".
\frngr-sh afihi à gphngs `ssf.

<. ]fsturg Cfrpfrgb B`oglg í ]gssgohi ]hbg "]frtg lfs Afihns"

À `nhoçvhb quh g vhrt`cgb`zgïãf `nthr`fr lf Afihi sh dgrç lh iflf
pr`v`bho`glf nui cfrpf tgieài vhrt`cgb`zglf cfi agrifn`g.
G cfbung vhrthergb nãf à ui h`xf rhtf “ pf`s shr`g iu`tf drço`b “, igs à
cfipfstg lh uig suchssãf lh curvgs quh sh cfipbhtgi, sh cfiphnsgi h
bah lãf uig nftçvhb sfb`lhz ng dbhx`e`b`lglh.
G l`rh`tg `lhgb quh hssgs curvgs
c urvgs rhcfnst`tuhi unh lh dfrig hxgtg, nui
ihsif pbgnf, fs tfrnfzhbfs, fs r`ns h fs fuv`lfs.

Gss`i, sh cfnt`nugi h sh cfrrhspfnlhi nf crhsc`ihntf lg Çrvfrh fs trës

"ohrihs" pà-r`i-fuv`lf.
 

Hssh h`xf lhvh shr rhche`lf cfi kusthzg nf cfrth lf „agrg‖ .

F agrg à ui thrif kgpfnës quh s`on`d`cg "vhntrh": fs ca`nhshs cagigi-nf
lh \gn t`hn.
Hstç chntrglf nui pfntf prhc`sf, quh rhcfbah nf shu s hu ih`f ui cfrth
`igo`nçr`f h afr`zfntgb lf cfrpf, quh pgssg hntrh f uie`of h f pûe`s.
G pfsturg lf agrg à g quh f cfrpf dfrig qugnlf sh feshrvg g rhbgïãf hxgtg
hntrh hssh cfrth h f h`xf lg cfbung vhrthergb.
@ssf `ipb`cg quh f Afihi lh pà ignthnag fs pàs pgrgbhbfs ui gf futrf, h
shpgrglfs ui lf futrf ng l`stgnc`g gprfx`iglg lh ui pà.
Fs kfhbafs nãf hst`cglfs hstãf prfntfs pgrg dbhx`fngr-sh,
d bhx`fngr-sh, pgrg hntrgr hi
 kfof cfi fs cgbcgnagrhs h f quglr`b pgrg quh f hqu`béer`f `nstçvhb d`quh
shiprh ogrgnt`lf.
Hstçvhb nf ifv`ihntf, lgnïgnlf ngs sugs rgézhs, f Afihi nf shu agrg
hstç chntrglf hi s` ihsif.
Shu eustf nhi hstç `ncb`nglf pgrg g drhnth nhi curvglf pgrg trçs, igs
gncfrglf cfi hxgt`lãf nf agrg, lh tgb iflf
ifl f quh f vhntrh hsthkg shiprh
b`vrh.
G cgehïg d`cg ehi b`vrh lfs fierfs, quh "sh gegnlfngi" h cghi.
G cfbung chrv`cgb sh lhshnvfbvh
lhs hnvfbvh ng buz h prfbfnog tgntf qugntf pfssévhb g
cfbung vhrthergb, fer`ognlf f quh`xf g uig bhvh cfntrgïãf h `ssf, vhrhifs,
pgrg quh f cfrpf nãf shkg ig`s quh ui fuv`lf h pgrg quh f Afihi sh
tfrnh Thref.
Nf Fc`lhnth, gphbgifs pgrg g b`nougohi a`pfbóo`cg pgrg l`zhr quh f
vhrlglh`rf cgvgbh`rf hstç "ehi hqu`b`erglf".
Gquhbh quh nãf hst`vhssh "hi hqu`béer`f", nãf cu`lgnlf quh f shu chntrf lh
orgv`lglh cfrrhspfnlg gf lg ifntgr`g, bfof shr`g bgnïglf dfrg lf cgvgbf:
hsth nãf shnt`r`g nhbh f shnafr h rhtfigr`g gs ràlhgs, fu gnths, g sug
cfrr`lg bfucg!
F gsshntf à g pfsturg lf agrg.
Shntglf, f Afihi pflh hstgr nf shu agrg, cfi g cfnl`ïãf lh quh f vhntrh
hsthkg b`vrh.
Hbh nãf cfnahch f gegt`ihntf.
Nãf cfnahch ig`s g r`o`lhz.
Hstç hi phrdh`tf lhscgnsf h, pfrtgntf, hstç l`spfnévhb, rhchpt`vf h
tftgbihnth gthntf.
Sugs hnhro`gs hstãf tflgs lhsphrtgs.
Sug dfrïg, chntrglg nf agrg, à rgl`gnth h igntài hi rhsph`tf quhi hbh
hncfntrg.
G dfrïg lf Afihi quh thi ihlf à rhun`lg nfs fierfs h à gihgïglfrg.
G thnsãf à hxtrhig.
Ng rht`lãf lf agrg quh, g`nlg uig vhz, nãf à nhi r`o`lhz nhi nhob`oënc`g,
f Afihi cfnahch uig v`o`bånc`g pfucf cfrrhnth h glqu`rh uig nfvg
shns`e`b`lglh shnsfr`gb, pr`iéc`gs lgquhbg quh vg` ger`r f shu
s hu cfrgïãf h g
sug `nthb`oënc`g nui futrf névhb lh rhgb`lglh.
Gs hnhro`gs “ fs ca`nhshs l`zhi fs "sfprfs" “ c`rcubgi cfi hxgt`lãf h
nuig hcfnfi`g ót`ig gtrgvàs lhssh cfrpf lhsphrtglf.
H n`nouài pflhrç nhogr quh, \hipbf lf Hspér`tf, f cfrpf lhsphrtglf nãf
cagig f rh` hi shu pgbçc`f.
 

8. Gefrlgohi lf I`stàr`f lg Ifrth T`v`lg Gnths h Lhpf`s lg

]gssgohi ]hbg "]frtg lfs Afihns"
G ifrth pflh `nthrv`r hi qugbquhr quh shkg f ifihntf lf crhsc`ihntf
c rhsc`ihntf lg
Çrvfrh.
Hbg à ui orgnlh i`stàr`f hi s`, ui orgnlh i`stàr`f tgieài qugntf g hssh
ifihntf quh n`nouài cfnahch.
Hbg pgrt`c`pg lh tflgs gs ifrths h rhngsc`ihntfs quh igrcgi f nfssf
crhsc`ihntf, igs g sug ngturhzg, quh nãf gquhbg lhsths ûbt`ifs, nfs dgz
lh`xgr gé f nfssf cfrpf h pgrt`c`pgr lh uig rhgb`lglh quh nfs hscgpg
cfipbhtgihnth.
Cfipbhtgihnth6
\gbvhz lh dfrig ihnfs gesfbutg lf quh phnsgifs.
phns gifs.
Cfif pgrt`c`pgnth lh tflgs gs futrgs ifrths h rhssurrh`ïøhs, quh sãf gs
pgssgohns g ui futrf névhb lh cfnsc`ënc`g, hbg à iutgïãf.
"Iulgr" thi g ihsig rg`z lg pgbgvrg aherg`cg Ifta , quh lhs`ong g
"ifrth".
Hbg à dh`tg lgs lugs ihsigs bhtrgs, lgs ihsigs hnhro`gs quh g pgbgvrg
\fi  , quh à g "phrdh`ïãf".
Wugnlf sh gt`noh uig phrdh`ïãf, qugnlf sh cfnqu`stg
c fnqu`stg ui cgipf lh buz
\fv, uig rupturg à g bh` pgrg quh sh gtrg`g g cfnqu`stg lh ui nfvf cgipf.
Nãf sh pflhr`g gcgsf phnsgr hntãf quh nglg `iphlh hssg bh` lh gpb`cgr-sh
gtà g tftgb rhgb`zgïãf lf shr, ihsif quh g ifrth dés`cg pgrhïg `nthrrfipë-
bg6
,À f quh d`cg cfnd`riglf phbg \rgl`ïãf.
Igs, hntãf, pfr quh hssg hxphr`ënc`g thrrhstrh tãf lfbfrfsg6
Só f i`tf lg quhlg nfs lç uig rhspfstg.
Í sug hscutg, cfiprhhnlhifs quh g nfssg hxphr`ënc`g thrrhstrh à
nhchssçr`g í rhcfnqu`stg lg pr`igz`g lg nfssg pr`ih`rg ngturhzg.
G pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" à f `néc`f lhssg rhcfnqu`stg h g ifrth
lf nfssf cfrpf lh afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, lhpf`s lhssg pgssgohi,
pgrhch bhvh.
Wuh gcfnthchu cfi g ifrth gnths lhssg pgssgohi6
À nf d`i lf cgpétubf T@@ lf Oënhs`s, í buz lf i`tf lf l`bûv`f
l`bûv `f quh hstulgifs
gnthr`frihnth, quh hncfntrf g rhspfstg ig`s cfipbhtg pgrg hssg quhstãf;
qugnlf
Lhus kç gs çougsgnunc`glf
f agv`g hstãf nf içx`if lg `néc`f
g pgrt`r lf sug cah`g, tflg g v`lg
lf cgtgcb`sif; sh quh
"H`s trgnsdfrig.
cahofu
g rhgb`zgïãf lh tflg cgrnh" (On, T@; 73).
Bhierhifs quh hssg rhgb`zgïãf-iutgïãf à hntãf lhscr`tg hi qugtrf névh`s.
Fs lf`s ûbt`ifs cfnchrnhi í sfrth lgquhbhs quh pgssgrgi phbg "]frtg lfs
Afihns".
Lhntrh hbhs, lh ui bglf, Nfà quh d`cg sfz`naf “ Tg`saghr  “ 
"bhvhlurg" (Sfr ) lg duturg auign`lglh, pf`s sh rhgb`zfu nf shu s hu grcf (f
shu quglr`bçthrf): nf d`i lg sug v`lg, hbh iulgrç.
"s ut`b`zglg" “ Tg`iga  “ nf
Lh futrf bglf, g auign`lglh quh à "sut`b`zglg"
shnt`lf lg bh` ahriàt`cg; "Shpgrgrçs f sut`b lf hsphssf."  
À g pgrth lg auign`lglh "quh sh rhfr`hntfu gc`ig lgs àougs" , `stf à,
gquhbg quh hihro`u lf `ncfnsc`hnth h quh pgssfu phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns"
shi thr pgssglf phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Hssg auign`lglh hstç ng dà, ng hscutg lgs prfdhc`gs.
Hbg à cfif quh cfba`lg pfr Lhus, dbfr lhsgerfcaglg quh g`nlg nãf lhu drutf
h quh vg` sh kuntgr gf euquë iést`cf lh uig auign`lglh quh sh rhgb`zg nfs
 

cgipfs lg rhgb`lglh, lh quh nãf pflhifs dgbgr, igs cukfs ehnhdéc`fs

cfnahchifs, pf`s rhchehifs fs shus hdh`tfs.
]flh-sh phrountgr sh hbg nãf prfsshouh sugs iutgïøhs cfif gs thr`g
rhgb`zglf Glãf lhpf`s lg quhlg. 
Gs futrgs lugs cgthofr`gs lh afihns quh dgzhi g hxphr`ënc`g lg ifrth nf
ifihntf lf l`bûv`f nãf pgssgrgi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns".
Fs ig`s hvfbuélfs sãf gquhbhs quh tëi hi s`, "ngs sugs ngr`ngs, f sfprf lf
Hspér`tf lh Lhus" , quh fs dgz gbigs v`vgs (On, 77;?).
Hsths hstãf ng \rgl`ïãf.
Nf shu névhb, hbg à g bh`.
Hsths sãf fs afihns quh fehlhchi ís bh`s rhb`o`fsgs l`r`o`lgs pgrg hssg
htgpgV
Nãf sãf g`nlg sud`c`hnthihnth glubtfs h cfnsc`hnths
cfnsc `hnths pgrg fuv`r g Tfz quh
fs gn`ig ng hsphc`d`c`lglh lg sug phssfg, nhi pgrg v`vhr f prfdht`sif.
h bhs "iulgi" “ Ihtfu .
Igs, grrhegtglfs nf sfprf lg \rgl`ïãf, hbhs
]grhch quh pflhifs `igo`ngr Nfà gnths lg sug hntrglg ng grcg fu Kfe
gnths lgs sugs prfvgïøhs.
Giefs sãf kustfs, shounlf g kusthzg lg bh` (\shlhq “ "kusthzg" “ à g
shpa`rga Phsfl s`tuglg ng tr`bag lf Ih`f).
Sh Nfà fu Kfe hst`vhsshi ifrtfs nhssh cgi`naf lg bh`, g`nlg-nãf-
rhgb`zglfs hi rhbgïãf g hbg, nãf thr`gi s`lf lgquhbhs quh hssg cgthofr`g
lhs`ong6
Hbhs só sãf cagiglfs "N`saifta Ufuga Ag`i “ "sfprf lh v`lg nfs shus
Nfihs" (sh à quh hssg hxprhssãf
hxprhss ãf à trgluzévhb) “ hi rhbgïãf í cgthofr`g lh
afihns quh vg` shou`r-sh, pf`s hsths, cukg hvfbuïãf gcgeg lh shr lhscr`tg,
 kç sh lh`xgrgi grrhegtgr h bhvgr ig`s bfnoh phbf Hspér`tf l`v`nf ng "hsp`rgb"
lf shu NFIH.
Igs fs quh iulgi hstãf ng rhssfnånc`g lf Pfl: hbhs sãf lhscr`tfs
ifv`ihntgnlf-sh nf "shcf", igs hssh shcf à g pgbgvrg  agrgvga, quh
à  Ahrhv, g Hspglg!
Hbhs sãf grrhegtglfs phbg Hspglg nf h`xf lf shu NFIH!
G futrg pgrth lg auign`lglh lhscr`tg, h quhq uh tgieài nãf pgrhch thr
pgssglf phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns", à gquhbg cukgs hnhro`gs rgsthkgi h
dhrv`bagi sferh
tftgbihnth f shcf,
rhcfehrtf igsçougs.
phbgs hssh shcf-thrrg à f quh gcgeg lh shr
\rgtg-sh, gé, pgrhch-ih, lh uig auign`lglh tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglg cfi
gs sugs hnhro`gs.
Hssg "hxp`rg" “ Tg`ovg  “, igs nãf sh l`z quh hbg iulg.
Wugb à g sfrth lgquhbhs cukg ifrth à lhscr`tg pfr hssh thrif6
F vhref  Ogvfg pflh shr b`lf; f afihi  nf cfrgïãf lg rg`z  Og, quh
hvfcg ui hstglf iu`tf grcg`cf (gf qugb f ogt`sif tgbvhz nãf dfssh
hstrgnaf!).
Ogf 
 à "iuo`r, ehrrgr", or`tf gn`igb quh sh s`tug nfs gntépflgs lf
"Thref", gf qugb f afihi à cagiglf.
c agiglf.
Sh quhst`fngifs hssh vhref Ogvfg, "ifrrhr", nfs l`dhrhnths thxtfs lg
Eéeb`g quh f hiprhogi, hbh pgrhch, cfi hdh`tf, hxpr`i`r uig rhorhssãf gf
hstglf quh df` f lh Glãf gnths quh hbh sh tfigssh "gbig v`vg" .
"Gergãf hntrhog g gbig h iulg, sgc`glf lh l`gs, nuig dhb`z vhba`ch"
(On, QQT; 1).
 

Kfe, hxpfstf g sfdr`ihntfs lhigs`glgihnth orgnlhs, cukf shnt`lf hbh nãf

pflh cfiprhhnlhr, bgihntg nãf thr "hxp`rglf"  gf  gf sg`r lgs hntrgnags
igthrngs (Kó, @@@; 5) .
"Hntrhogr g gbig, hxp`rgr, hntrhogr f hspér`tf"  trgluz
 trgluz ehi f rhtfif g ui
grcgésif nhchssçr`f pgrg iulgr (Gergãf hntrhog g gbig h iulg).
Igs, f quh glvài lgquhbhs cukf c ukf hstglf lh rhorhssãf nãf rhihth g
nhnauig iutgïãf, pfrquh nuncg v`vhrgi g sug s ug "gbig v`vg" 6
Nãf v`vhr`gi hbhs hssg dgsh nhogt`vg quh dgz pgrth lf prfchssf lh
hvfbuïãf, igs quh nãf cfipfrtgr`g gqu` g shounlg dgsh, fu shkg, g
iutgïãf6
D`cgr`gi nhssh cgsf nuig lrgiçt`cg rhorhssãf, g lfs `ndhrnfs, quh nãf
pflhifs sgehr f quh à, g nãf shr pfr uig pgrçefbg lfs hvgnohbafs.
Hssg pgrçefbg rhbgtg g hxphr`ënc`g lh ui afihi r`cf h lurf lh cfrgïãf
quh, lhpf`s lg sug ifrth, vë nf sh`f lh Gergãf h ng dhb`c`lglh f pferh
cagiglf Bçzgrf, g quhi hbh shiprh rhcusgrg gkulg hnqugntf hbh sfdrh i`b
tfrihntfs.
Hbh phlh ui pfucf lh çoug g Gergãf pgrg rhdrhscgr g bénoug rhsshcglg phbf
dfof.
Gergãf nãf pflh dgzhr nglg pfr hbh; "Xi orgnlh ge`sif sh hstgehbhch
hntrh nós h vós, quh nãf pflh shr trgnspfstf í vfntglh" , rhspfnlh-bah
(Bc, QT@; 54).
F r`cf supb`cg, hntãf, quh Bçzgrf shkg hnv`glf pgrg kuntf lh sug dgi`b`g, g
d`i lh prhvhn`r fs shus lf orgnlh tfrihntf quh fs hsphrg, sh hbhs
thri`ngrhi nhssh ihsif buogr quh hbh.
H Gergãf rhspfnlh; "Hbhs tëi If`sàs h fs prfdhtgs"  (Bc,  (Bc, QT@; 50).
Gergãf gphbg pgrg g Bh`, lh ui bglf, g Bh` quh phri`th g pr`ih`rg iutgïãf,
g ig`s hbhihntgr.
Igs f afihi quh g v`vh lhvh cfnahchr hi shou`lg g prfvg lg "shounlg
ifrth", g lf "bgof lh dfof" (Gp, QQ h QQ@), cukf gsphctf nhogt`vf à shi
lûv`lg g prfvgïãf lf r`cf.
Lh futrf bglf, Gergãf gphbg gfs prfdhtgs, íquhbhs "quh vëhi fs càus
 ‒gehrtfs" h quh fuvhi g ]gbgvrg, pfrquh v`vhrgi
v `vhrgi f egt`sif lh dfof lf
quglr`bçthrf.
Fs quh pgrt`c`pgi lhssg hxphr`ënc`g cfnahchi uig iutgïãf tgb quh nãf
cfnahchrãf hssg shounlg ifrth.
Hbg df` v`v`lg nf cfrpf lhbhs g pgrt`r lhssg v`lg thrrhstrh.
Hssh dfof, quh hstç nf chntrf
c hntrf lg v`lg: shrç fekhtf lg nfssg ihl`tgïãf nf
hstulf lf cgipf lh c`nçer`f tfrçc`cf.
Cfnstg lhssh hstulf quh gquhbh lhntrh nós quh ifrrh gnths lh thr pgssglf
phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" nãf rhcferfu g pr`igz`g lg sug pr`ih`rg ngturhzg.
@lhnt`d`cglf cfi g sug ngturhzg gn`igb, nãf-rhgb`zglg, sh hbh fehlhchu í
bh` quh rhoh hssh hstglf, hbh iulg.
Sug gbig cfnt`nug v`vg, igs hbh cfnahchrç g sug shounlg ifrth.
Sh nãf fehlhchu í bh`, hbh hstç ngs çougs, nãf b`ehrtf.
Nãf thnlf ig`s cfrpf pgrg b`ehrtgr-sh, hstç ng lhphnlënc`g lfs quh f tëi.
]grhch quh hstgifs thrr`vhbihnth pgrgs`tglfs pfr shrhs cfif hsth.
Hbhs tëi uig nhchss`lglh `ihnsg lh nós, h sh nãf fs gkulgifs
hsp`r`tugbihnth phbg prhch, hbhs pflhi, shi lûv`lg, tfigr gs nfssgs
hnhro`gs pséqu`cgs, gtà ihsif gs dés`cgs.
Nuihrfsgs lfhnïgs h `nc`lhnths nãf v`r`gi lhssg lhss g s`tugïãf6
Nãf nfs `bulgifs; thifs lh b`ehrtgr fs nfssfs ifrtfs gnths quh nfs
b`ehrthifs fu quh hbhs nfs b`ehrthi.
 

Nãf à `ssf quh f thxtf lf Ëxflf s`on`d`cg qugnlf, gtrgvàs lhbh, Lhus l`z;
"Sfu ui Lhus hnc`uiglf quh punh g `n`qò`lglh lfs pg`s nfs shus d`bafs,
gtà g thrch`rg h qugrtg ohrgïøhs lgquhbhs quh ih i h gegnlfngi"  (Hx,
 (Hx, QQ; 8)6
Igs g ohrgïãf quh vg` hi l`rhïãf g Lhus h sh rhgb`zg sg` lgs çougs h dgz fs
shus sgérhi lhbgs.
Xi prfvàre`f lh @srghb l`z; "Fs pg`s cfihrgi gs uvgs vhrlhs h gs cr`gnïgs
d`cgrgi cfi fs lhnths hieftglfs."
Gs uvgs vhrlhs sãf
s ãf f drutf lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf cfi`lf gnths quh f
Afihi sh thnag tfiglf hssh drutf, kç f v`ifs, h qugbquhr hrrf lg nfssg
v`lg à, nf d`ngb lgs cfntgs, pgrt`c`pgïãf n`ssf (sfe f ånoubf lg pfssh, lf
prgzhr fu lf pflhr).
H vhifs qugntf, sfe f s`iefb`sif lfs lhnths hieftglfs, hstgifs
cgrrhoglfs lfs hrrfs lfs nfssfs pg`s!
Igs sh fs pg`s d`zhrgi f shu trgegbaf lh b`ehrtgïãf (h, pfrtgntf, ifrrhi
lhpf`s lh thr pgssglf phbg "]frtg"), "hntãf",
"hntãf" , l`z Khrhi`gs quh prfdht`zg
hssg hvfbuïãf lg Auign`lglh, "nãf sh l`rç ig`s; fs pg`s cfihrgi gs uvgs
vhrlhs h gs cr`gnïgs d`cgrgi cfi fs lhnths hieftglfs, igs cglg ui
ifrrhrg' phbf shu própr`f phcglf,
  h sh gbouài cfihr gs uvgs vhrlhs, hbh
thrç fs lhnths hieftglfs"  (Kr,
 (Kr, QQQ@;. 50-3=).
Cglg ui só shrç rhspfnsçvhb pfr s` ihsif.
G auign`lglh lh afkh, cfi rgrgs hxchïøhs, nãf sg`u lgs çougs nhi nhstg
v`lg nhi ng futrg, h nfs tfrngifs lfbfrfsgihnth phsglfs cfi `ssf.
Igs g sgnt`lglh lhssgs "hxchïøhs" à g bhvhlurg lf iunlf.
\hifs “ nhi quh dfssh phbfs nfssfs lhschnlhnths “ lh pgssgr phbg
"]frtg", lh nfs tfrngrifs Afihns, gtà ihsif lhushs.
Gquhbhs lfs nfssfs gschnlhnths quh b`ehrtgifs tëi, cfntulf, lh v`vhr nf
gbài lg "shounlg ifrth".
\hif phnsgr quh gquhbhs g quhi g ifrth grrhegtg gquài lg "]frtg lfs
Afihns", h quh nãf fehlhchrgi g nhnauig bh`, cfnahchi nf gbài uig
sfrth lfbfrfsg.
Nhnauig iutgïãf à pfssévhb pgrg hbhs gtà ui thipf quh nãf pflhifs
cfnahchr.
Cr`stf lhschu gfs `ndhrnfs h tgieài fs sgbvfu.
Igs f thipf lh sfdr`ihntf pgrhch `ihnsf!
Hssh ihlf lf `ndhrnf dhz cgi`nagr, gf pgssf pgs sf lh uig ifrgb ehi pr`içr`g,
uig orgnlh pgrth lg auign`lglh, pgrg quh hssg ihsig ifrgb dfssh
`ipfthnth pgrg dgzë-bg pgssgr phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns".
\flf ihlf dgz pgrth lf nãf-rhgb`zglf, lf `ipurf.
Só f gifr h f lhshkf lh Lhus pflhi cfnluz`r-nfs cfi kusthzg gtà f
nûcbhf, gtà f NFIH, -Cr`stf, ng nfssg tftgb rhgb`zgïãf.
Hssg ihl`tgïãf sferh g ifrth, g`nlg quh gpf`glg ng \rgl`ïãf, à i`nag h
nãf cfiprfihth shnãf g i`i.
Igs sh g lhscrhvf, cfi tflf f r`ofr lg i`nag v`sãf, lhvf gcrhschntgr quh
g i`shr`córl`g l`v`ng, ubtrgpgssgnlf tflgs gs nfssgs v`søhs, gihn`zg gs
phngs, phnsg gs dhr`lgs h curg tflf gquhbh quh, lg \hrrg gfs `ndhrnfs, dgz-
bah ui gphbf.
Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 75

Lhpf`s lg pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns"; g v`lg lf cfrpf nf

quglr`bçthrf L`n-Ahshl-Afl-Nhtsga

T`tfr`fsf lh s` ihsif h pgrt`c`pgnth lg Obór`g l`v`ng, f quh sh tfrnfu afihi h

"cgi`nag sferh fs lf`s pàs" tfrng-sh, pfr `ssf ihsif, cfnsc`hnth lf lhus quh hbh
à hi pfthnc`gb.
Afl (g Obór`g) h Nhtsga (g T`tór`g) ger`rgi g sug dfnth.
G hnhro`g erftg.
Hssgs lugs shpa`rfta sãf g`nlg cagiglgs; Igkhstglh h ]flhr.

  ,
 ,
rh`ng vhst`lf lh igkhstglh,
igkhstglh,
  ,
 , rhvhst`u f pflhr:
Hbh f hnbgïfu gfs shus r`ns, cgntg f sgbi`stg (Sgbif 08).

Nf névhb lf \htrgorgig, g båi`ng lg Hspglg hncfntrg f eftãf lf shu punaf, f Tgv

rhhnxhrtglf nf Pfl rhcheh lhbh f gb`ihntf lfs qug`s `ndfrig fs lf`s
Ah.
G shpgrgïãf cfnsuiglg hntrh Lhus h f Afihi à gefb`lg.
Nhssh orgnlh cfrpf l`v`nf-auignf quh rhcferg sug `nthor`lglh h phnsg g sug
dhr`lg, g c`rcubgïãf lh rhtfrnf sh rhstgehbhch, f sgnouh erftg, f cfrgïãf sgbtg, g
v`lg sh prhc`p`tg
phnhtrgïãf h vfbtg
lf r`tif g cfbfr`r f rfstf cukg p
un`vhrsgb. pgb`lhz
gb`lhz ifrtgb sh gpgog cfi g
Hntrh Lhus h f Afihi, rhtfig-sh f l`çbfof; "C`noh fs thus r`ns, cfif ui afihi
vgbhnth, hu th `nthrrfogrh` h tu ih `nstru`rçs" (Kó, QQQT@@@;3).
Gss`i sh hstgehbhch g hspgntfsg cfnvhrsg lh Kfe cfi f shu Shnafr.
Tfbtgrh` gf pgphb cgp`tgb lhssh i`sthr`fsf phrsfngohi lf i`tf eéeb`cf, phrsfngohi
lhsnulglf lh shnt`lf sh nãf hst`vhr
h st`vhr s`tuglf nhssh hstço`f lf SHU.
Igs hssh hstço`f só pflh shr v`v`lf sh fs r`ns sh tfrngrhi, lh gofrg hi l`gnth,
dfnth lh tflg g dfrïg. 

7. Fs U`ns
Hbhs sãf fs "pàs" lf shounlf hstço`f lf cfrpf, f lf SHU.
Cfif fs pàs, hbhs tëi dfrig lh ohrih.
G phrdh`ïãf quh sh gt`no`u nf d`ngb lf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf-cgipf lh c`nçer`f `ipb`cfu
uig
quh fsifrth h bhvfu
vgbfrhs gquhb h quh g v`vhnc`fu g uig cfnsc`ënc`g nfvg, lh tgb iflf
gquhbh
sh `nvhrthrgi.
Hbh lhscferh quh g sug dfrïg glqu`r`lg nãf pgssg lh drgo`b`lglh hi rhbgïãf í dfrïg
quh hbh g`nlg thi lh cfnqu`stgr.
G phrdh`ïãf nui pbgnf à gphngs f ohrih lf pbgnf shou`nth.
Fs r`ns sãf séiefbf lh dfrïg h lh drgo`b`lglh.
Hbhs sh s`tugi ng grt`cubgïãf lf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf lh çoug h lf nfvf hstço`f lh
dfof sferh f qugb sh hnxhrtgrç f ebfcf çul`f vfcgb.
Hbhs pgrt`c`pgi lg v`lg ohn`tgb h hstãf ng egsh lg rhgb`zgïãf lf Afihi nf shu
prfchssf lh ohrgïãf lh s` ihsif pgrg s` ihsif, gtà f shu tfrngr-sh Thref.
Bhierhifs quh, í `igohi lfs óroãfs lg gul`ïãf, hi rhbgïãf gfs lg dfngïãf, d fngïãf, cfi
fs qug`s sãf cfndunl`lfs ngs pr`ih`rgs shigngs lg v`lg `ntrguthr`ng,
`n trguthr`ng, fs r`ns só sh
l`st`nouhi lfs óroãfs shxug`s gf cgef lhssh ihsif bgpsf lh l h thipf.
Igs fs r`ns "sh bhiergi" lfs óroãfs lh l h prfcr`gïãf cfif g vfz sh bhiergrç
b hiergrç iu`tgs
vhzhs lf fuv`lf h cfif f dhtf cfif ui tflf sh bhiergrç lg sug pbgchntg.
Dgbgrh` nfvgihnth g hssh rhsph`tf.

Hssgs trës `igohns sãf `lënt`cgs.

` lënt`cgs.
 

Xi ihsif hsquhig dunlgihntgb sh rhphth cfnt`nugihnth ng Cr`gïãf; f lf lf

iunlf lf "Ig", quh cfnst`tu` ui ûn`cf cfi f lf "I`" h quh, shpgrglf lhbh, à
gphngs uig euscg nfstçbo`cg lg sug prhshnïg.
Cfnahchifs sud`c`hnthihnth ehi g d`s`fbfo`g lf s`sthig rhngb, cukf pgphb p gphb hsshnc`gb
à d`btrgr f sgnouh, hxtrg`r lhbh
lhb h fs hxchssfs lh çoug, sg`s i`nhrg`s, ob`cfsh, htc., h
lhvfbvhr gf sgnouh fs hbhihntfs pur`d`cglfs lh quh hbh prhc`sg.
Hbh sh bhierg lf s`sthig ohn`tgb h, pgrg hbh, gs obånlubgs suprgrrhng`s shcrhtgi
afriün`fs shxug`s.
Hssgs ihsigs obånlubgs prfluzhi g glrhngb`ng, quh thi pflhrhs sferh f s`sthig
nhrvfsf s`ipçt`cf, vgsfcfnstr`tfr h tfn`d`cgnth.
Hbgs prhs`lhi, hnd`i, f ihtgefb`sif lf sgb.
Hssh pgphb pgrhch shr f gsphctf dfrigb lh uig dunïãf iu`tf ig`s cfipbhxg, quh
vfu thntgr gefrlgr.
Hsshnc`gbihnth d`btrf nf névhb lf sgnouh, f r`i à afióbfof lf pà, quh d`btrg gs
`ndfrigïøhs lg thrrg h, ng qugb`lglh lh ohrih-dhtf, d`btrg gs `ndfrigïøhs
phrche`lgs gtrgvàs lf béqu`lf gin`ót`cf.
Lg ihsig dfrig, à afióbfof lf fuv`lf quh, fuv`nlf fs sfns, d`btrg f gr.
Hssg "hscutg" à tgntf g dunïãf lf pà qugntf g lf r`i.
F cfrpf `nth`rf, orgnlh fuv`lf nf sh`f igthrnf, thi pfr vfcgïãf vfbtgr g shr
fuv`lf g d`i lh quh f Afihi sh tfih Thref: à gss`i quh sug vhrt`cgb`zgïãf à
thigt`zglg (nf shnt`lf lh ui thig `nscr`tf lhslh f `néc`f) ng pr`ih`rg càbubg dhtgb.
F r`i shr`g, hntãf, ui sferhssgbhnth pgrg hssg "hscutg".
Shu nfih orhof, ‑nhparfs‐ , quh dfrnhchrç g rg`z pgrg tflgs gs pgbgvrgs quh
qugb`d`cgi f r`i, à g ihsig pgbgvrg quh  ‑parhnfs‐  `nvhrt`lf,
 `nvhrt`lf, quh dfrnhch g rg`z
l`rhtgihnth pgrg f vfcçeubf drgncës ‑rh`n‐  Zh
 Zh pgrg f pfrtuouës r`iY.
Frg, ‑parfnhf‐  à
 à f vhref "phnsgr", ‑parfn`s‐  à
 à "efi-shnsf", h ‑parfnhs`s‐   àà
"phnsgihntf", g própr`g "sgehlfr`g".
F r`i quh fuvh, quh hscutg, à “ pgrg tflg g Gnt`ou`lglh “ g shlh lf
phnsgihntf, h ihsif lg sgehlfr`g.
Lhus, quh "sfnlg fs r`ns h fs
f s cfrgïøhs" (Se, @;4), sgeh l`ssf.
F r`i lhvh lhshiphnagr ui pgphb `ipfrtgnth ng hscutg `ntu`t`vg h nui
hnthnl`ihntf pgrgnfrigb.
F nhrvf drën`cf nãf à prfvgvhbihnth hstrgnaf gf r`i.
Sgehifs quh hbh sh hnrgézg ng qugrtg vàrtherg chrv`cgb h quh prhs`lh í v`lg lf
l`gdrgoig.
F l`gdrgoig à f iûscubf ig`s `ipfrtgnth lf nfssf cfrpf, nf quh tfcg í suphrdéc`h:
gf ihsif thipf, hu f cagigr`g lh efi orglf lh "f orgnlh hsquhc`lf".
Hbh lhvhr`g fshr
Shpgrgnlf f nfssf
tórgx `nstruihntf
lf gelfih, rhsp`rgtór`f
thi pfr hsshnc`gb.
i`ssãf rhphb`r pgrg sud`c`hnthihnth bfnoh
gs gbïgs `nthst`ng`s, hieg`xf, pgrg quh lhsgerfcah hi c`ig g çrvfrh pubifngr.
@ssf, g cglg `nsp`rgïãf.
Igs nãf rhsp`rgifs ig`s lf quh v`vhifs.
Sferhv`vhifs, lh`xgnlf quh hssh drgcf greustf nfs lë uig `nl`sphnsçvhb
qugnt`lglh lh fx`oën`f orgïgs gfs iûscubfs `nthrcfstg`s, `nlhphnlhnths lf
l`gdrgoig.
Nuig rhsp`rgïãf cfnsc`hnth, f l`gdrgoig, quh igssgoh`g gs gbïgs `nthst`ng`s hi
fnlgs lfchs h cfnstgnths, phri`t`r`g phbf ihnfs uig gt`vgïãf lgs dunïøhs
l`ohst`vgs h hvgcuglfrgs: phri`t`r`g, sferhtulf, ui rhhqu`béer`f cfnstgnth lf
s`sthig vgof-s`ipçt`cf, cukg kusthzg hstç ng egsh lf lhsphrtgr lg cfnsc`ënc`g.
Shpgrgnlf f tórgx lf gelfih, f l`gdrgoig à cfif g drfnth`rg quh shpgrg fs
lf`s , phbfs qug`s hsquhigt`zh` gc`igs gs hstruturgs lf cfrpf lf Afihi,
rhluz`lgs g lugs "rhsp`rgïøhs";
“ pubifngr,
“ rhsp`rgïãf ohn`tgb, hi c`ig:
hieg`xf.
 

Í buz lhssg hstruturg, ‑parhnfs‐   hh ‑nhparfs‐  sh

 sh pøhi drhnth g drhnth nui hsphbaf,
ui (parhnfs), hi c`ig, prhs`l`nlf g rhsp`rgïãf pubifngr, f futrf (nhparfs),
hieg`xf, prhs`l`nlf g rhsp`rgïãf ohn`tgb.
À hntãf quh fs r`ns lhshiphnagi, drhnth g drhnth cfi g shxugb`lglh nf névhb
ohn`tgb, f pgphb quh fs ig`s vhbafs thxtfs lg Ca`ng Gnt`og hxpr`ihi gf l`zhr l` zhr quh
"fs r`ns sãf Hspfsf h g shxugb`lglh, Hspfsg".
Shounlf fs ca`nhshs, hbhs sãf "f i`n`strf quh dger`cg g rfeusthz h g dfrïg df rïg v`tgb:
hbhs hnthsfurgi g lhc`sãf h g `nthb`oënc`g".
` nthb`oënc`g".
"Fs r`ns, l`zhi g`nlg, dbfrhschi nfs cgehbfs."
H nãf nfs hspgntgrhifs lh hncfntrgr nf névhb lfs cgehbfs f s`iefb`sif lg dfrïg.
F cfntrçr`f lhssg qugb`lglh lh dfrïg à f ihlf.
Wugnlf f Afihi thi ihlf, "shus cgehbfs sh bhvgntgi sferh g cgehïg" h shus
r`ns, hi rhphnt`ng cfnstr`ïãf (pf`s f  ‑parhnfs‐  hstç
 hstç ebfquhglf!), bhvgi-nfs g
ur`ngr.
Fs cgehbfs, vhrhifs, s`iefb`zgi “ hnqugntf `lënt`cfs gfs cfrnfs “ g "cfrfg",
`stf à, g shxugb`lglh rhgb`zglg.  
Igs, sh g shxugb`lglh hxprhssg ng dunïãf ohn`tgb purg à, cfif v`ifs, uig egsh
`ipfrtgnth lg sug çrvfrh, hbg à tgieài cagiglg g hbhvgr-sh g tflfs fs futrfs
hstço`fs lf shr.
Gf `ipr`i`r sug dfrïg ng shxugb`lglh, fs r`ns `ipr`ihi-ng
`ipr`ihi -ng hi tflfs fs hstço`fs lf
shu crhsc`ihntf gtà g sug drut`d`cgïãf ng dunïãf Thref.
H à gé quh hbhs lhshiphnagi f shu pgphb lh egrrh`rg, d`btrgnlf, pur`d`cgnlf fs
hbhihntfs lh `ndfrigïãf hntrh g çoug h f sgnouh, nui névhb ig`s sut`b lh uig
ignh`rg v`tgb.
Sgehifs f qugntf hssh pgphb d`s`fbóo`cf à hsshnc`gb.
Igs f quh hstç hi kfof
kfo f à g rhgb`zgïãf lf shr, g pfss`e`b`lglh lgs sugs ohstgïøhs
`nthr`frhs suchss`vgs, lfs shus ngsc`ihntfs pgrg nfvfs cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g, fu
lg sug egngb`zgïãf ng ifrth lf Pfl, lh gcfrlf cfi f dgtf lh fs r`ns
lhshiphnagrhi fu nãf hssh pgphb hi pbgnfs ig`s hbhvglfs.
Fs r`ns prhs`lhi í pgssgohi lg çoug pgrg f sgnouh, trgnsiutgnlf-sh pgrg f
Hsp`r`tf h í pgssgohi lf sgb pgrg f dfof, trgnsiutgnlf-sh pgrg g buz.
F glfbhschnth à sgnouh, lhslh f shu ngsc`ihntf, nf pbgnf d`s`fbóo`cf.
Hbh g`nlg à gphngs çoug nf pbgnf hsshnc`gb.
Hbh à nãf-rhgb`zglf h `ncfnsc`hnth lh së-bf.
së -bf.
Só v`vhu lf nfih lh Glãf  g pr`ih`rg pgrth   ‑‑Hl‐ , quh à çoug, "vgpfr" lh
lhshkf, lh quh hbh fntfbfo`cgihnth à ifblglf ng sug gro`bg `n`c`gb.
Hssh lhshkf, egsh lf ahró` quh, tgieài fntfbfo`cgihnth, f b`og gf Hspfsf l`v`nf,
df` lhsv`glf lHbh nf lrgig quh cagigifs lh "quhlg".
S`tug-sh gé g cgusg prfdunlg lf sfdr`ihntf.

Só qugnlf f lhshkf sh rhfr`hntfu pgrg f Hspfsf l`v`nf h phlh phbg rhspfstg lf

Hspfsf à quh, rhhnrg`zglf ng sug fntfbfo`g-càu, f Afihi hncfntrg gs sugs rgézhs-
thrrg h g çoug, gofrg r`cg lg rhspfstg, sh tfig sgnouh.
Ht`ifbfo`cgihnth, g pgbgvrg "rhspfstg" à "hspfnsg`s".
ZUhspfstg cfif rhspfnsge`b`lglh à "g cf`sg quh thi phsf" h, pfrtgntf, g quh sh
cgrrhog, gquhb b`thrgbihnth,
à ‑Nhssfuga‐,
g g quh sh rhspfnlh. Hntrh fs aherhus, g hspfsg (‑spfnsg‐, hi bgt`i)
"g quh à cgrrhoglg". Lhspfsgr à rhspfnlhr í hspfsg
`nthr`fr h cgrrhoç-bg.Y
 

F glfbhschnth pgssg hntãf lh  Hl (g çoug) g  Lgi (f sgnouh) h tfrng-sh

 Glãf, Afihi.
Wugnlf Nfà hntrg ng Grcg, hbh lh`xg f iunlf lg çoug (ng a`stór`g hi s`; f
l`bûv`f!) pgrg phnhtrgr f lf sgnouh.
]fr frlhi l`v`ng, hbh rhun`u, "hi tfif lfs r`ns", pflhr-sh-`g l`zhr, fs gn`ig`s-
hnhro`gs lf shu shr-cr`glf pgrg lhspfsç-bfs, tfigr-sh hbhs ihsifs.
Hbh tfrng-sh r`cf lf shu sgnouh.
Gf pgssgr phbg çoug lf r`f Kgefq h gf cfiegthr f gnkf, Kgcfe tfig-sh sgnouh lf
cfrpf l`v`nf-auignf quh f shu nfvf nfih n fih @srghb hxprhssg.
Lht`lf pfr "  quh quhr dgzë-bf ifrrhr" nf n f cgi`naf quh f bhvg gf Ho`tf, If`sàs
tfrng-sh sgnouh.
G sug hspfsg bah l`z; "Às pgrg i`i ui hspfsf lh sgnouh" (Hx, @T;58):
@ T;58): pflh hntãf
cfrrhspfnlhr í i`ssãf quh rhchehu lh  , lh `r b`ehrtgr f shu pfvf.
]gssgr phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" à pgssgr lg çoug gf sgnouh h tfrngr-sh
tf rngr-sh Glãf.
Lhpf`s lg trépb`ch thntgïãf nf lhshrtf, f quh sh cfnvhnc`fng cagigr g "v`lg
pûeb`cg" lh Cr`stf “ sug v`lg lh afihi “ cfihïg phbg iulgnïg lg çoug hi
v`naf hi Wgnga lg Ogb`bà`g.
Hi Wgnga, chbherg-sh ui cgsgihntf, cgsgihntf hxthr`fr quh lhphnlh lf pr`ih`rf
"cgipf lh c`nçer`f" (cgsgihntf cfi f futrf).
Igs v`ifs quh hssh cgsgihntf à kustf ng ihl`lg hi quh sh `nscrhvh n ngg l`nåi`cg
lfs lf`s futrfs cgsgihntfs, cukf bgefrgtór`f sãf fs lf`s futrfs cgipfs lh c`nçer`f,
fs nfssfs tr`ånoubfs; cgsgihntf cfns`of ihsif, lhpf`s cgsgihntf cfi f
un`vhrsgb.
Wgnga à ui nfih `ipfrtgnth.
Wuhr l`zhr "glqu`r`r".
Hi Wgnga, cfi hssh cgsgihntf, cfihïg g gqu`s`ïãf tftgb lgs hnhro`gs g`nlg nãf
cuipr`lgs, quh g iubahr lhspfsglg s`iefb`zg.
Wgnga  à f cfntrgpfntf lf l f gssgss`ngtf quh Wg`n  cfihth gf igtgr shu
`riãf Gehb, lhrrgignlf f shu sgnouh sferh g \hrrg.
Hi prfdunl`lglh, lhrrgig tflf f shu pfthnc`gb hnhroàt`cf “ fs shus "gn`ig`s",
quh Gehb s`iefb`zg “ h lç pflhr í \hrrg, f cfsifs hxthr`fr.
Hi Wgnga, f v`naf hxthr`fr cahog g dgbtgr.
Hbh à nhchssçr`f pgrg f rhofz`kf,
rho fz`kf, séiefbf lf prgzhr ng gqu`s`ïãf lf NFIH.
\flf cgsgihntf auignf cfnahch hssh hndglf: tflf lhshkf bhvglf pgrg ui fekhtf
hxthr`fr cfnahch g sug hxt`nïãf.
"Iubahr, g`nlg nãf cahofu g i`nag afrg" (Kf, 77;<), rhspfnlh Cr`stf í Sug iãh,
sfb`c`tglf pfr Igr`g, hntãf thsthiunag lhssh `nc`lhnth.
G afrg shrç gquhbg hi quh, ng igtr`z lf tûiubf, Cr`stf chbhergrç fs hspfnsg`s
un`vhrsg`s, hi quh f D`baf lf Afihi ger`rç f shu nûcbhf: hi quh f Nfvf Glãf,
lhrrgignlf g çoug h f sgnouh lg dhr`lg pgrg f bglf, thrç rhgb`zglf cfipbhtgihnth
f nfih lh Glãf h sh tfigrç , quh Hbh à h quh Hbh rhvhbgrç hntãf pbhngihnth.
Igs, hsphrgnlf, nui pr`ih`rf ifihntf, sfe f séiefbf lf v`naf, Cr`stf iulg g
çoug hi sgnouh.
F shounlf ifihntf sh rhgb`zgrç ng vàsphrg lg Sug ifrth, pfr fcgs`ãf lg ûbt`ig
rhdh`ïãf, hi quh Hbh iulgrç f v`naf hi Shu sgnouh.
Lhrrgignlf Shu própr`f sgnouh sferh g \hrrg, Cr`stf rhcfbfcg hi c`rcubgïãf, nf
cfrpf lf Afihi, f sgnouh lh Gehb.
Sh, lhpf`s lg thntgïãf nf lhshrtf, Cr`stf
C r`stf iulg g çoug hi v`naf, ng Sug pr`ih`rg
prhogïãf Hbh rhvhbg gfs Shus l`scépubfs; "Tós sf`s f sgb lg thrrg... sf`s g buz lf
iunlf" (It, T;73-7<), g çoug lf pr`ih`rf
pr` ih`rf tr`ånoubf nãf à uig çoug `nsép`lg.
`n sép`lg.
G çoug hi quh hstç ihroubaglg g cr`gnïg nf vhntrh lg iãh, g çoug lf sfrf
sgnoòénhf h g çoug lf igr “ tflgs lh `lënt`cg cfipfs`ïãf h, nf dunlf, g ihsig
çoug lf nãf-rhgb`zglf “ nãf sãf `nsép`lgs.
Hbgs tëi hi s` f ohrih lf rhgb`zglf.
 

F "Ig" thi f ohrih lf "I`" nf shu sh`f.

F sgb à g cr`gturg v`vg quh phri`th quh tflf gb`ihntf lë f ihbafr lf shu sgefr.
Hbh f obfr`d`cg.
À g `igohi lf ohrih lf "I`" nf "Ig", lgs Çougs lf gbtf ngs Gougs lh eg`xf, quh
nãf thr`gi nhnaui sgefr sh nãf t`vhsshi f ohrih l`v`nf, cfif f iunlf nãf thr`g
nhnaui sgefr sh nãf t`vhssh g prfihssg
p rfihssg lf Uh`nf.
Ihbga  “ "sgb", hi aherg`cf “ à dfriglf lgs ihsigs trës bhtrgs quh "pãf",

Hnhro`gs 
Bhahi .
`lënt`cgs, nãf tëi f pãf h f sgb f shu grquàt`pf ng "cgrnh l`v`ng", cfif f
prfvg Cr`stf, quh iulg f pãf nf Shu Cfrpf gf ihsif thipf quh f v`naf nf Shu
Sgnouh6
Ihbga  à g ifv`ihntgïãf  lh  Ifga (g ihlubg) lgqu`bf quh aç lh ig`s
prhc`fsf nf åigof lf fssf, lgqu`bf quh vg` shr "sut`b`zglf" “ Igaf  - pfrquh
rhgb`zglf.
F sgb à f iftfr lg rhgb`zgïãf.
F ihtgefb`sif lf sgb prhs`l`lf phbfs r`ns nãf lhshiphnag gqu` ui pgphb
lhthri`ngnth nf hqu`béer`f h, lhpf`s, ng rhgb`zgïãf lh cglg càbubg lf cfrpf6
Wuhrf l`zhr cfi `ssf quh cglg càbubg hx`sth í `igohi lg çrvfrh pr`pr`ifrl`gb
ifrl`gb
\fv vhUg  .
Cglg uig, hsquhigt`cgihnth, à cfipfstg lh uig pgrth  ‑\fv‐ , quh hstç
prforgiglg
déoglf, htc.),pgrg
h lhrhdgzhr g ihsig
futrg pgrth ‑Ug‐ , càbubg (lh phbh
quh pflhr`g pgrg ui
rhdgzhr g phbh,
cfrpflh`nth`rf.
déoglf pgrg f
À n`ssf quh g càbubg rhprhshntg gtugbihnth f fekhtf lh uig phsqu`sg cagiglg
"cbfngohi" (kç rhgb`zglg cfi g rã, lg qugb sh cahofu g rhdgzhr ui hspàc`ih g
pgrt`r lh uig càbubg lh rã!).
Hssg hstruturg lf cfrpf à ui lfs gsphctfs hsshnc`g`s lh Grquàt`pf \r`n`tçr`f
gpb`cglf í Cr`gïãf; cglg hbhihntf lf cfrpf à f cfrpf `nth`rf.
H, qugnlf sh tfcg nuig càbubg, tfcg-sh nf cfrpf `nth`rf, h, cfif l`z`g
gnthr`frihnth, qugnlf sh tfcg nui afihi, tfcg-sh ng auign`lglh `nth`rg.
Nhssg ót`cg (h hscfba` hsth ifihntf pgrg l`zë-bf),
l`zë -bf), qugnlf dgbf lfs r`ns, cfif lh
qugbquhr futrg pgrth lf cfrpf, f quh l`of g hssh rhsph`tf nãf sh rhdhrh sfihnth
gfs r`ns hi s` ihsifs fu g hssh óroãf lf cfrpf, igs gf pr`ncép`f lh cglg ui
lhbhs hnqugntf à v`v`lf hi cglg chbubg lf cfrpf, h chrtgihnth lh uig ignh`rg
pr`v`bho`glg nf névhb lf própr`f óroãf.
Tfbthifs í pgrth Ug  lg càbubg.

\rgtg-sh lh uig `ihnsg rhshrvg lh hnhro`g,

hnhro` g, quh pgrhch hstgr gb` `nut`bihnth
` nut`bihnth h quh
hbhihntfs e`fquéi`cfs rhprhssfrhs `iphlhi lh `nvgl`r g pgrth \fv .
]flh-sh phnsgr quh hssg `nvgsãf, hntãf pgtfbóo`cg, pfssg dgzhr-sh;
“ shkg pfr ui `ipubsf
`ipub sf hnhroàt`cf nãf age`tugb lg pgrth Ug:
“ shkg pfr uig `n`e`ïãf
`n` e`ïãf lfs hbhihntfs rhprhssfrhs:
“ shkg pfr ui lhsifrfngihntf
l hsifrfngihntf lg pgrth \fv.
Hspàc`h lh Tgv  
  quh rhûnh \fv h Ug   , hsshs hbhihntfs rhprhssfrhs
lhshiphnagi f pgphb quh f Afihi lhshiphnag nf cfrgïãf lg Grvfrh
grquhtép`cg , pgphb lh cffrlhnglfr nf sh`f lh ui hqu`béer`f hsshnc`gbihnth
l`nåi`cf. 
]flh-sh hntãf phrountgr qugb à f pgphb lf sgb “ h lf shu ihtgefb`sif “ hi
rhbgïãf gf lhsshs hbhihntfs e`fquéi`cfs rhprhssfrhs.
Sh aç hntrh hbhs uig rhbgïãf v`vg, cfiprhhnlhr-sh-ç g`nlg ihbafr g pgbgvrg
pgb gvrg lh
Cr`stf gf l`r`o`r-sh
rhgb`lglhs; gffAfihi
"Tós sf`s pgrg rhvhbgr-bah
sgb lg thrrg" (It, T;73).uig lgs sugs ig`s prfdunlgs
 

F sgb lg thrrg pflhr`g shr trgluz`lf "f sgb lf shcf", pf`s g thrrg,  Hrhts, à
tgieài f "shcf" hi rhbgïãf gf "ûi`lf", fu rhgb`zglf hi rhbgïãf íqu`bf quh g`nlg
nãf f à.
F sgb lf rhgb`zglf \fv lhshiphnagr`g hntãf ui pgphb iu`tf ig`s cfns`lhrçvhb nf
névhb lg càbubg; g rhshrvg lh hnhro`g Ug, hspàc`h lh "\rhvg" lg càbubg, cukg
prhshnïg, hu l`z`g gc`ig, pgrhc`g `nût`b, pgrhch-ih, gf cfntrçr`f, dunlgihntgb pgrg
f lhst`nf \fv tftgb lg càbubg.
Wugnlf
g buz lf Hbh rhvhbfu gfs shus; "Tós sf`s f sgb lg thrrg", Cr`stf gcrhschntg; "Tós sf`s
iunlf."
F sgb prhs`l`rç, hntãf, nf sh`f lg càbubg, fs hspfnsg`s Buz-\rhvg, gtà quh tflg g
\rhvg shkg rhgb`zglg h tfiglg Buz.
Wugnlf f Afihi cfihïg hssh trgegbaf nhssh nfvf hstço`f lf shu shr “ trgegbaf
cukf hstulf vg` cfnst`tu`r f fekhtf lfs
l fs cgpétubfs quh shouhi “ bhvg f drutf lf shu
trgegbaf gf cfrgïãf lg ihnfr lgs càbubgs lf shu cfrpf.

G phbh lf Afihi rhgb`zglf nãf thi ig`s nglg g vhr cfi g lf afihi cfiui quh
hbh hrg: f shu déoglf nãf
nã f à ig`s f ihsif, htc.
Lhntrf lgs b`i`tgïøhs, f afihi `nth`rf tfig-sh buz.
b uz.
Dgbgrh` l`ssf ig`s gl`gnth.

F quh quhrf l`zhr lh `ihl`gtf à quh, sh f sgb pfrtglfr lf "I`" lhshiphnag ui

pgphb rhprhssfr lurgnth g pr`ih`rg pgrth lg v`lg lf Afihi, cfif uig efg ifrgb
quh `iphlh “ nf névhb lf Afihi tftgb “ gs hnhro`gs `ncfnsc`hnths lh rhehntgr
hi l`bûv`f, sug dunïãf dunlgihntgb à dhcunlgr g pgrth Ug lg càbubg, à t`rgr
gnthc`pglgihnth uig pgrth sug quh shrç trgnsiutglg hi buz \fv, à ignthr hntãf
fs nfvfs b`i`ths \fv-Ug gtà quh `nthrvhnag uig nfvg dhcunlgïãf h gss`i pfr
l`gnth, lurgnth tflg g lurgïãf lfs hspfnsg`s `nthr`frhs, gtà quh g tftgb`lglh lg
càbubg sh tfih \fv-Buz!
Cr`stf hnunc`g g bh` lhssh trgegbaf gf l`zhr; "\flf afihi shrç sgboglf cfi dfof"
(Ic, @Q;<0).
]frtglfr
dhcunlg. lf "I`", f sgb à cfif ui cfrlãf uie`b`cgb quh b`og f "Ig" gf "I`" h f
Hbh thi g ihsig vfcgïãf quh g bhtrg aherg`cg Wfd Z Y, quh à f séiefbf lh
sgehlfr`g.
F sgb à ui lfs séiefbfs lg sgehlfr`g. 
Wugnlf g iubahr lh Bft à trgnsdfriglg hi hstçtug lh sgb, nf ifihntf lg
lhstru`ïãf lh Sflfig h Ofifrrg phbf dfof, hbg à, nhssg orgnlh pur`d`cgïãf “
pgssgohi lg trhvg pgrg g buz “ g egrrh`rg l`v`ng quh Lhus pøh nf b`i`th \fv h Ug
lg càbubg @srghb.
“ \fv gé à v`v`lf
v`v` lf phbf cgsgb Gergãf-Sgrg, quh gcgeg lh shr ife`b`zglf
ife`b` zglf h tfrnglf
dhcunlf:
“ Ug, phbf cgsgb lh Bft, cukf nfih s`on`d`cg "f vhbglf", h lg sug hspfsg i`sthr`fsg
nãf nfihglg.
Gergãf h Bft lh`xgrgi Xr ng Cgblà`g.
F B`vrf lf Oënhs`s (cgps. Q@@@ h Q@Q) fs dgz sue`r gf Ho`tf.
Cahogi g Nhouhv. `riãfs, shpgrgi-sh h fs b`i`ths lfs shus thrr`tór`fs pgssgi pfr
Gé, rhcfnahchi-sh
Sflfig.
 

Lhus hntãf cfnv`lg Gergãf g cfnthipbgr g tftgb`lglh lf thrr`tór`f; "Hu f lgrh` g

t`."
G tftgb`lglh lgs thrrgs shrç prfpr`hlglh lh Gergãf-\fv.
F trgegbaf lh pur`d`cgïãf, Ug tfrngnlf-sh \fv, cfihïg hntãf; Sflfig h Ofifrrg,
gs lugs c`lglhs phrvhrsgs, sãf lhstruélgs phbf dfof.
,Sgbvf, Bft à cfnv`lglf g sue`r í ifntgnag, séiefbf lh buz \fv: igs hbh à drgcf h
nãf pflh `r bfnoh.
Sug iubahr, trgnsdfriglg hntãf hi hstçtug lh sgb, à séiefbf lf b`i`th nfvf hntrh
\fv h Ug, hntrh Gergãf h Bft.
Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng lgs prfdunlhzgs lf `ngcgeglf lg càbubg-@srghb,
càb ubg-@srghb, hbg sh ign`dhstg
nhssh névhb pgrg lhshiphnagr f pgphb lh rhprhssfr lf `ngcgeglf h lh dhcunlglfr.
Bft à rhcagïglf nuig c`lglhz`nag: Gergãf vg` tfrngr-sh pg` lh uig orgnlh ngïãf.
Fs b`i`ths suchss`vfs quh igrcgrãf cglg htgpg lh pur`d`cgïãf shrãf cfif fs nfvfs n fvfs
r`ns lh tflg càbubg hi v`g
v `g lh hvfbuïãf.
F sgb lg Sgehlfr`g prhs`lh hssh trgegbaf.
À pfr `ssf quh nfs à phri`t`lf phnsgr quh f sgb, nf shu gsphctf iu`tf dfrigb, lhvh
lhshiphnagr ui pgphb cfns`lhrçvhb ng hvfbuïãf
hvfbu ïãf lf Afihi hi l`rhïãf gf shu
tfrngr-sh buz, cfif ng egngb`zgïãf h nf hnvhbahc`ihntf lhssh ûbt`if: qugnlf, q ugnlf, nf
névhb chbubgr, hbh nãf pflh ig`s thr ui lhshiphnaf ng frlhi lg Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng.
Nhnauig ihl`c`ng hxthrng pflh curgr g lfhnïg quh sh rhdhrh g hssg gbtg gbqu`i`g
lf shr.
Nãf gcaf quh f cånchr, hi pgrt`cubgr,
pgrt` cubgr, hncfntrh futrf rhiàl`f shnãf gquhbh lg
cgi`naglg pgrg g cfnsc`ënc`g un`vhrsgb.
À, pf`s, nfs r`ns quh sh ign`dhstg g Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng.
F sgb à f s`ngb l`ssf.
Hbh prhs`lh f hqu`béer`f chbubgr pfrquh g Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng prhs`lh g vfcgïãf
lh`d`cgnth lf Afihi.
Ng v`sãf lh Hzhqu`hb, g lhscr`ïãf lf D`baf lf Afihi hstç chntrglg nfs r`ns;  r`ns;  
"Agv`g, shihbagnth g uig phlrg lh sgd`rg, uig hspàc`h lh l h trfnf h, ehi nf gbtf
lhssg hspàc`h lh trfnf, uig gpgrënc`g lh afihi. T` quh hbg pfssuég f er`baf lg
 prgtg lfurglg cfif sh hst`vhssh
hst`vhssh ihroubaglg nf dfof, lhslh f quh pgrhc`g shrhi
fs shus r`ns h lgé pgrg c`ig, gf pgssf quh hieg`xf v` cfif quh q uh ui dfof quh
hspgbagvg f shu er`baf hi tflfs fs shnt`lfs... Hrg g `igohi lg Obór`g lh   "  
(Hz, @;54-5?).
G pgbgvrg "r`ns" gqu` à ‑Igtng`i‐    cukg rg`z à g lf vhref "lgr".
Fs r`ns, nhssh shnt`lf, cfif qugbquhr ohrih, cfntëi tflfs fs lfns.
G lhscr`ïãf prhchlhnth l`z rhsph`tf gfs "r`ns gcgeglfs", Obór`g lh , quh
cfrrhspfnlh í shpa`rga
Gs lugs pr`ih`rgs  sãf
bhtrgsAfl, h rhspbgnlhchi nfher`baf
gs lg "ifrth", lh tflfs
bhiergi fs shus
quh nãf lfns.
aç rhgb`
rhgb`zgïãf
zgïãf
lfs lfns shi g gch`tgïãf lgs ifrths-iutgïøhs, quh tgieài sãf ngsc`ihntfs.
À pfr `ssf quh, nf l`g lh ]çscfg, f pfvf aherhu rhcheh g frlhi lh d`cgr prfntf
pgrg g pgrt`lg.
Hbh cfihrç lh pà, hipunagnlf
hipu nagnlf f cgkglf, cfi gs sgnlçb`gs nfs pàs, "fs r`ns
c`no`lfs" (Hx, Q@@; 77).
\flfs fs lfns sãf rhun`lfs ng kunïãf lgs lugs pgrths lf shu cfrpf, cfif kç k ç f sãf
ng sgnlçb`g quh cfntài f pà.
J`b` ga  quh lhscrhvh tgieài f
Hssg tftgb`lglh à hxprhssg nf thrif aherg`cf J`b`ga
"r`i".
p rópr`f NFIH  
Igs gqu` fs "lfns" sãf lhs`onglfs phbf própr`f
Pga , à cfi hdh`tf f NFIH sgorglf , Jfb  à g tftgb`lglh.
"Dfsth \u quh lhsth dfrig gfs ihus r`ns, cgntg f sgbi`stg, \u quh ih thchsth
t hchsth nf
sh`f
]f`s lg i`nag
Lhus  nf
thchiãh" (Sb Afihi
CQQQ@Q;lhslh
73). g fr`ohi, h f fer`og g tfigr-sh Hbh; "Lhus
trhspgssg fs ihus r`ns shi p`hlglh, Hbh lhrrgig
lh rrgig f ihu dhb sferh g thrrg..." cbgig
 Kfe (QT@;73), tfiglf phbgs lfrhs lf shu "pgrtf"!

\figlf phbgs ihsigs lfrhs, f sgbi`stg grrhphnlh-sh lgs sugs "bfucurgs"; "Fs
ihus r`ns grlhi lh dherh, Nglg ig`s hstç `ntgctf nf ihu cfrpf, Hstfu hxgustf,
hsigoglf..." (Sb QQQT@@@; 1).
F thrif ‑Jhsgb`i‐ , quh hxpb`cg gqu` fs "r`ns", hxpr`ih hssg pgrth lf cfrpf
hnqugntf shlh lf phnsgihntf, gtà ihsif lg sgehlfr`g, h lh quh tflfs fs
phnsgihntfs gtà gofrg nãf dfrgi shnãf bfucurg: g nfïãf lh hsphrgnïg prhs`lh
tgieài hssh thrif!
Hnd`i, qugnlf"Lh
dhcunl`lglh; Lhus
t`",cfnd`rig g Kgcfe f ui
l`z Hbh, "ngschrãf shu pfvf
nfvf hnfih
uig @srghb h bah prfihth
gsshiebà`g pr
lhfihth
pfvfs,g h lfs
thus r`ns sg`rãf rh`s" (On, QQQT, 77): f thrif "r`ns" à gqu` Agbgtsg`i cukg rg`z
Agbhts à f vhref "b`ehrtgr".
"b` ehrtgr".
G l`ihnsãf rhgb, ihss`ån`cg, hstç nfs r`ns lf Afihi.

5. F Fssf h f Sgnouh
\frngr-sh ui afihi, tfigr-sh Glãf, pgssgr lg çoug gf sgnouh, à tgieài
cfnsfb`lgr f shu "fssf".
F trgegbaf lfs hspfnsg`s cfns`of ihsif, quh cfihïg rhgbihnth nhssh hstço`f, à f
lfs hspfnsg`s cfi f dhi`n`nf lh cglg ui lh nós, thrrg pfr thrrg
th rrg (iãh pfr iãh!),
cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g pfr cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g, gtà f ûbt`if
ûb t`if cgipf, gtà g ûbt`ig
thrrg quh lhsvhnlg f shorhlf lf NFIH.
Hssh trgegbaf ogrgnth pfucf g pfucf g vhrt`cgb`zgïãf, f quh `ipb`cg g cfnsfb`lgïãf
lg fssgturg.

Hi aherg`cf, "fssf" à g pgbgvrg  ‑Htshi‐   --  dfrkglg ng rg`z ‑Hts‐ - , quh à g

"çrvfrh".
Lhslh g shpa`rga Phsfl gtà g pgssgohi phbg p hbg "]frtg lfs Afihns", f glfbhschnth kç
cfihïfu g cfnstru`r g sug çrvfrh.
Gs lhz pr`ih`rgs vàrthergs sh hrouhrgi, igs cfif hbgs sãf drçoh`s!
F sgcrui “ Gtsà - “ à g "çrvfrh  hi ohrih .
Hsthkgifs ehi cfnsc`hnths lh quh gquhbh quh pgssg phbg "]frtg", sh ehi quh nãf
phrthnïg ig`s gf hstço`f `ndhr`fr, g`nlg thi gé pfr iu`tf thipf ui pà!
Dhcagr tftgbihnth g "]frtg" gtrçs lh s` à l`déc`b!
F Afihi rhcg` ís vhzhs lfbfrfsgihnth nhssh hstço`f h gé sh hncfntrg "rgsthkgnlf
ng pfh`rg", pgstf lf dgbsf hspfsf ig`s lh uig vhz!
Igs, l`dhrhnthihnth lgquhbh quh gé hstç tftgbihnth `lhnt`d`cglf, hbh rhtfig sugs
`ndfrigïøhs `nthr`frhs h sh hrouh nfvgihnth.
G cfbung vhrthergb só sh sfb`l`d`cgrç ng sug egsh í ihl`lg quh dfr shnlf cfnstruélg
ngs lfzh vàrthergs lfrsg`s quh pfntugi cglg ui lfs nfssfs cgsgihntfs

Afubyga , à uig "vàrtherg" fu f "gnhb" lh uig cglh`g fu uig "kó`g".

`nthr`frhs. "kó` g".
F Nfih lh Pga  f prhs`lh, "lgnïg" nhbh !
G hscgbglg lg çrvfrh à g própr`g lgnïg lg v`lg.
F Pfl à g sug gbig, quh curg f afihi "lfhnth" .
À gphngs ng cfnsc`ënc`g lg sug drgquhzg quh f "Hu" shrç dfrth: à ng cfnsc`ënc`g lg
sug lfhnïg quh hbh shrç curglf.
Frg, "g dfrïg lh uig cfrrhnth nãf à ig`fr lf quh g lf shu hbf ig`s drgcf", l`z ui
prfvàre`f a`nlu!
F Afihi shrç vhr`d`cglf gtà quh g sug egsh hsthkg sób`lg.
Gs pr`ih`rgs vàrthergs lfrsg`s nãf sh cfnstru`rãf shi hssg vhr`d`cgïãf.
F Pfl dfrt`d`cgr-sh-ç.
F "hu" lhscfehrtf hi Phsfl, h pfucf g pfucf gd`riglf, kç cfnahchu tgbafs “ 
c`rcunc`søhs “ nhchssçr`fs h cfnahchrç futrfs gtà g lhscfehrtg
l hscfehrtg lf vhrlglh`rf Hu,
g lf NFIH.
H f fssf, g pgrth ig`s sfb`l`d`cglg lf cfrpf, bhvg ig`s lf quh qugbquhr futrg í
cfnsc`ënc`g lf Hu.
F thrif Htshi , fssf, quhr l`zhr tgieài "suestånc`g", "hssënc`g".
 

Hbh sh dbhx`fng pgrg hxpb`cgr "hu ihsif, tu ihsif, s` ihsif...", quh sh pflh bhr;
"ihu fssf, thu fssf, shu fssf...", f quh phrthnch
p hrthnch g cglg ui nf ig`s ént`if.
é nt`if.
Hbh à f a`pfstgs`s orhof, g "phssfg"
"p hssfg" hnqugntf hbg à ûn`cg, "écfnh l`v`nf", cr`glf nf
"sfi" lf Thref, ng rhssfnånc`g lf shu NFIH.
Wugnlf Glãf, bhvglf pfr Lhus ís sugs prfdunlhzgs,
pr fdunlhzgs, à pfstf dgch g dgch cfns`of
ihsif, cfi f shu "bglf sfier`f" g d`i lh quh tfih cfnsc`ënc`g lf shu nãf-
rhgb`zglf h lfs hspfnsg`s quh lhvh gofrg rhgb`zgr, cfnthipbgnlf f shu dhi`n`nf,
hxcbgig; "H`s gquhbg quh à fssf lfs ihus fssfs h cgrnh lg i`nag cgrnh"
(On, @@; 53).
H pflhrégifs trgluz`r; "H`s gquhbg quh à g hssënc`g lg i`nag hssënc`g..."
Wugntf í "cgrnh" “ Egsgr -  fntfbfo`cgihnth shbglg ng ig`fr prfdunlhzg lh
Glãf, hbg à g sug ûbt`ig thrrg, gquhbg quh, lhspfsglg, rhvhbgrç f Shorhlf lf
Sahi, f NFIH.
"H`s gquhbg quh à g hssënc`g lg i`nag hssënc`g: gquhbg quh, lhsvhnlglg, lgrç f
NFIH", l`z Glãf.
Lhpf`s lg quhlg, g cgrnh tfig ui shnt`lf cfipbhtgihnth l`dhrhnth.
Fntfbfo`cgihnth dfnth lf NFIH, hbg sh tfig dfnth lh l h ]rgzhr-]fssh-]flhr, vfbtglg
pgrg f hxthr`fr lf Afihi quh `nvhsth hntãf gs sugs hnhro`gs ngs rhbgïøhs cfi f
iunlf hxthr`fr.
G cgrnh tfrng-sh f fekhtf lg v`lg pséqu`cg, h g dfrïg hrót`cg quh rhoh gs rhbgïøhs
hxthr`frhs.
Wugnlf f "Thref sh dgz cgrnh" (Kf, 7;7<), Hbh vhi dgzhr-Sh v`lg pséqu`cg h v`lg
pséqu`cg lf Afihi, g d`i lh rhtfigr lhbh gs hnhro`gs h rh`ntrfluz`-bgs ng sug
vfcgïãf lh Thref, g lf NFIH.
F Thref dhz-Sh cgrnh, l`zhi fs ]glrhs, pgrg "vhre`d`cgr" g cgrnh, lhvfbvë-bg í sug
fntfbfo`g.
Cr`stf rh`ntrfluz HUFS ng sug vfcgïãf fntfbóo`cg.
Igs vfbthifs gf fssf, Htshi - .
Sugs trës bhtrgs `nvhrt`lgs dfrigi f vhref Igtsf - , "hstgr nf ih`f" (Buogr lf
I`).
Cglg fssf lf cfrpf à, ig`s fu ihnfs, hi i`n`gturg, uig rhpht`ïãf lg cfbung
vhrthergb, buogr hi quh vëi `nscrhvhr-sh, sfe dfrig lh ebfquh`fs, tflfs gs nfssgs
rhcusgs lh bgrogr lh iãf, rhcusgs lh hvfbu`r, rhcusgs lh gigr: buogr hi quh vëi
tgieài rhsfbvhr-sh fs nfssfs cfndb`tfs h rhgb`zgr-sh fs nfssfs cgsgihntfs
`nthr`frhs, gs nfssgs b`ehrgïøhs.
Buogr hi quh, nuig pgbgvrg, sh f Pfl nãf hstç sudfcglf, f "Ig" vg` gf bfnof lg
sug hscglg gf hncfntrf lf "I`".
À pfri`sthr`fsg
ehi `ssf quh, nf cfrgïãf lf fssf, g ihlubg à ui lfs ig`s gbtfs bfcg`s lf cfrpf,
tgieài.
Hntrh fs ca`nhshs, g ihlubg dgz pgrth lgs "hntrgnags cur`fsgs" fu "igrgv`bafsgs",
quh sãf hncgrrhoglgs lh ogrgnt`r g phrhn`lglh, g vfbtg gf XNF.
Hbg à pgrg hbhs "g hssënc`g, g qu`nthssënc`g".
qu `nthssënc`g".
Nós g hncfntrgifs b`oglg gf càrherf ng sug dunïãf cfiui lh ‒ pr`nc`p`f
 pr`nc`p`f
frlhnglfr, bh` quh lhvh shr l`dunl`lg hi tflf f cfrpf h quh g ihlubg ig`s
 pgrt`cubgrihnth trgnsi`th, shkg hbg
hbg ósshg cfi f sg
sgnouh
nouh fu hsp`ngb cfi f `ndbuxf
nhrvfsf" .
Nf shorhlf lg ihlubg ósshg dfrig-sh f obóeubf vhrihbaf lf sgnouh, pgrth ig`s
nferh lg tréglh obóeubfs vhrihbafs-obóeubfs
vhrihb afs-obóeubfs ergncfs-pbgquhtgs, quh cfnst`tu` g
càbubg sgnoòénhg.
\flfs sgehi quh, iu`tf hsquhigt`cgihnth, gs pbgquhtgs ogrgnthi g ahifstgsh
(cfgoubgïãf): fs obóeubfs ergncfs, g lhdhsg lf frogn`sif: h fs obóeubfs
ob óeubfs
vhrihbafs, g fx`ohngïãf.
F obóeubf vhrihbaf rhûnh ng sug dunïãf pnhuigtfbóo`cg g lf cfrpf `nth`rf.
Uhsuih f nfih lh Glãf -  quh sh pflh bhr; "Gbhpa  nf sgnouh  (Lgi)."
Frg, g bhtrg  phrd`bg shiprh f nfih l`v`nf lh Hbfa`i  
 

 Glãf à Hbfa`i nf sgnouh.

@ssf cfnd`rig gs Hscr`turgs quh `ns`sthi ng cfiunaãf ént`ig, pgrg nãf l`zhr ng
`lhnt`d`cgïãf, lf "sfprf" h lf sgnouh.
F Afihi à sfprglf nf shu NFIH lhslh g fr`ohi, g d`i lh quh sh tfrnh Afihi h
vfbth g Hbfa`i, f Hspfsf.
Nfssg v`lg à hxp`rgïãf l`v`ng  nf shu shr "cr`glf", `nsp`rgïãf auignf-l`v`ng Pfl
nf shu shr "dh`tf" (fu g "dgzhr"!).

Hntrh hsshs lf`s ifihntfs lg nfssg A`stór`g “ lfs qug`s ui vg` lf Gbhpa gf Pfl,
f futrf lf Pfl gf Gbhpa “, ifihntfs quh hnchrrgi f nfssf phrcursf lg `igohi
í shihbagnïg, `nscrhvhi-sh tflgs gs nfssgs rhsp`rgïøhs, hi tflfs fs névh`s, lh
quh hstg à f grquàt`pf.
H f obóeubf vhrihbaf lf sgnouh cgrrhog f shu i`stàr`f.
Lftglf lf sfprf l`v`nf, à hbh quh `ipubs`fng g hnhro`g.
Shr`g prhc`sf, cfi Uulfbpa Sth`nhr, `nvhrthr g prfpfstg age`tugb h cfns`lhrgr f
sgnouh cfif prfpubsfr lh hnhro`g: f cfrgïãf lhspfsg hntãf hssg pubsãf: pur`d`cg
phbf gr f quh fs r`ns pur`d`cgi phbg çoug.
Ng phrsphct`vg lhssh trgegbaf, cfrgïãf h r`ns hstãf `nt`igihnth b`oglfs.
Igs qugb à g fphrgïãf quh, nf névhb lg ihlubg hi quh hbh sh dfrig, lç gf obóeubf
vhrihbaf lf sgnouh g sug hnhro`g
hnhro` g pubsgnth6
]grhch quh hbg sh pgssg nuig hspàc`h lh "gpnà`g", `nstgnth `ngprhhnsévhb hntrh g
hxp`rgïãf lh Hbfa`i h g `nsp`rgïãf lf Afihi.
 

Nhssh `nstgnth, f obóeubf vhrihbaf, dfriglf nf shorhlf lg hssënc`g lf shr, nf lf

shu "Hu" prfdunlf, f shu NFIH, hssh obóeubf vhrihbaf à gegnlfnglf pfr Hbfa`i
pgrg quh AgSahi “ f NFIH  “ gé rhs`lg.
Nhssh sageegt, f obóeubf vhrihbaf phrlh f shu nûcbhf.
À uig càbubg gnucbhglg quh à prfpubs`fnglg
pr fpubs`fnglg nf dbuxf sgnoòénhf.
Wuh sh tfig hssh nûcbhf6
N`nouài f sgeh.
Nûcbhf lg Hnhro`g, hbh à , cukf rhcuf phri`th gf Pfl cfrrhr nf sgnouh h gf
Afihi tfigr-sh f shu "Hu".
G "ihlubg" “ Ifga -  “ thi cfif vfcgïãf "gpgogr" “ Igaf -  “ sut`b`zgr
f ig`s sut`b, pgrg quh f futrf, `ngcgeglf, shkg.
\flg g gntrfpfbfo`g gé hstç, hi rhsuif.
Nf l`g lf Sageegt, Hbfa`i rht`rg-sh pgrg quh g Sug Cr`gïãf, cgrrhoglg lf shu
rhcuf nf NFIH   , shkg bgnïglg nf orgnlh kfof lg v`lg.
G v`lg lg Cr`gïãf thi cfif vfcgïãf tfigr-sh .
Hntãf hbg shrç, cglg ui lh nós shrç, lhspfsglg lh Hbfa`i gpgrhchnlf hi Obór`g!
Nf åigof lg ihlubg lf fssf pgssg-sh f ig`fr i`stàr`f l`v`nf-auignf.
À f rhcuf lf nûcbhf  lf obóeubf vhrihbaf lf sgnouh  quh b`ehrtg gs hnhro`gs lf
Pfl, gs hnhro`gs lf "Hu".
Uhcuf lf Gbhpa, `ipubsf lf Pfl, cfnst`tuhi g "efieg" grquhtép`cg quh lhthri`ng
g lf cfrgïãf.
Igs à nf i`stàr`f lf sgnouh quh Lhus g gtrg`.
F gifr cfns`sth hi rht`rgr-sh pgrg quh f shr giglf shkg!
F sgnouh hncfntrg gé g sug dfnth lh dfrïg pubsgnth.
À gphngs pfrquh f  f lh`xg quh Glãf  pflh `r gtà f \gv , ûbt`ig bhtrg lf
gbdgehtf, ûbt`ig hnhro`g g `nthorgr (hi orhof;
or hof; lf Gbdg gf Üihog).
tfigr- sh Lgifta , quh à g shihbagnïg!
@nthorgr f \gv à tfigr-sh
Sug v`lg g pgrt`r lg `igohi quh Glãf à , gtà g shihbagnïg quh à Lgifta
, sh pgssg hi tfif lf sgnouh Lgi  nf r`tif quh `ipubs`fng f ,
phnhtrgnlf h rht`rgnlf-sh lhbh, `ipr`i`nlf f Pfl, g v`lg!
À hi shth l`gs, f thipf lh ui Sageegt, quh nf cfrgïãf lg ihlubg ósshg f obóeubf
vhrihbaf phrlh f shu nûcbhf. 
"Nf hier`ãf auignf, gtà g qugrtg shigng, só sh hncfntrgi obóeubfs vhrihbafs
cfi nûcbhf, pf`s fs obóeubfs shi nûcbhf f bhvgi, sh ehi quh nf thrch`rf iës fs
obóeubfs cfi nûcbhf nglg ig`s rhprhshntgi lf quh ui thrïf fu ui qugrtf lg
igssg tftgb. Nf ngsc`ihntf, f sgnouh nãf cgrrhog ig`s lf quh obóeubfs
obóeub fs shi
nûcbhf."

Xig cr`gnïg ngsc`lg gnths lf thrif, ihsif quh hsthkg gngtüi`cg h

d`s`fbfo`cgihnth "gcgeglg" (nf d`ngb lf shxtf iës), hstç g`nlg `ihrsg hi Hbfa`i h
nãf thi g hnhro`g pubsgnth
pub sgnth nhchssçr`g pgrg v`vhr dfrg lf fvf.
]flh hncfntrgr hssg dfrïg “ cfi guxéb`f hxthrnf “ nf pbgnf dés`cf “: igs,
ps`qu`cgihnth, f quh gcfnthch6
G cr`gnïg nãf thrç iu`tg l`d`cublglh hi hncfntrgr f shu Pfl, f shu "Hu"6
Nãf cfnahchrç hi shou`lg l`d`cublglhs lh `nshrïãf nf iunlf, h ig`s g`nlg lh
rhgb`zgïãf lh s` ihsig6
]rfpfnlf hssgs quhstøhs, phrountf-ih sh hbgs nãf rhchehrgi uig rhspfstg
s`ieób`cg nf l`g lg T`s`tg lh Igr`g g @sgehb, sug pr`ig.
@sgehb, orçv`lg lh Kfãf Egt`stg, hstgvg nf shu shxtf iës qugnlf rhchehu g v`s`tg
lh Igr`g, g T`rohi, hi quhi gcgegvg lh shr lhpfs`tglf f drutf l`v`nf, f Pfl.
Hu v`v` uicfif
hncfntrf, l`g hssg dhstg
sh ih cr`stã
dfssh l`tfhi
hi G`n-Jgrhi,
quh @srghb,
nf shxtf iës lg fnlh
nfssggcfnthchu hssh
ohstgïãf nós
hstrhihchifs “ cfif Kfãf, quh rhcfnahc`g Cr`stf nf sh`f lg sug iãh “ ng v`s`tg
 lf Pfl hi nós.

@ssf v`r`g cfnd`rigr f quh nfs rhvhbg f \htrgorgig lh quh v`ifs quh hntrh f
Tgv  h f Pfl  “ hntrh f 4 h f 7= “ sh pgssg g a`stór`g lg nfssg v`lg, cukfs trës
ûbt`ifs ihshs lf crhsc`ihntf shr`gi f séiefbf.
Gf ngschr, g cr`gnïg à Glãf ,  nf shu sgnouh , Gbhpa quh sh rht`rg pgrg
quh  shkg.
G cr`gnïg rhsp`rg pfrquh hbg à f shu NFIH.
G v`lg lf obóeubf vhrihbaf lf sgnouh à lh 75= l`gs.
"G v`lg lf Afihi, l`z Lhus g Nfà, à lh 75= gnfs" (On, T@;3).
F nûihrf 75 à cfnst`tut`vf lg vhrt`cgb`zgïãf lh Glãf, quh sh pgssg nf cfrgïãf lgs
lfzh vàrthergs lfrsg`s h pgrg
pgr g g qugb g igtr`z cósi`cg chrcg f Afihi nf zflégcf
lgs lfzh pfrtgs.
Dgbgrh` l`ssf ig`s gl`gnth.
Igs, lhslh kç, à `nthrhssgnth cfnstgtgr quh f hbhihntf quéi`cf quh fcupg f
làc`if shounlf buogr ng cglh`g gtüi`cg à f igonàs`f.
Shu phsf gtüi`cf à 5<, fu shkg, lugs vhzhs lfzh.
Sug prhshnïg vhrlh nf sh`f lg cbfrfd`bg lgs pbgntgs à afióbfog í lf dhrrf nf sh`f
lf obóeubf vhrihbaf lf sgnouh, cukf p`oihntf à lh cfipfs`ïãf `lënt`cg í lg
cbfrfd`bg, cfi hxchïãf kustgihnth lg prhshnïg lh dhrrf hi ui h lh igonàs`f nf
futrf.
À ng cfipbhihntgr`lglh lhsshs lf`s cfrpfs quéi`cfs quh sh lç g trfcg
rhsp`rgtór`g.
F dhrrflf(lh
tfrnf shunûihrf
nûcbhf.gtüi`cf 54) à lftglf lh v`nth h sh`s hbàtrfns quh o`rgi hi
T`nth h sh`s à f nûihrf sgorglf lf l`v`nf \htrgorgig ! 
G ngturhzg `nscrhvh nfs shus r`tifs ig`s cfncrhtfs gs igthiçt`cgs l`v`ngs lg
Cr`gïãf.
F Afihi vhrihbaf, dh`tf lh dhrrf, lgnïg f shu NFIH nf shorhlf lf shu sgnouh.
"Cbfrfd`b`zglf", tfigr-sh-ç Afihi vhrlh h gt`no`rç f shu nûcbhf.
Gs lgnïgs sgorglgs hrgi, ng nfssg \rgl`ïãf “ h sãf g`nlg ngs \rgl`ïøhs quh
sfuehrgi cfnshrvç-bgs “, gphngs g hxprhssãf lhssg igrcag hx`ohnth lf l f Afihi
vhrihbaf hi l`rhïãf gf Afihi vhrlh.
Gss`i à g lgnïg lfs pbgnhtgs hi tfif lfl f Sfb, lh tflfs fs pbgnhtgs hi tfif
lgquhbh quh nãf sgehifs ig`s nfihgr: gss`i à g lgnïgl gnïg lfs hbàctrfns lh dhrrf hi
hi
tfif lf shu nûcbhf: gss`i à g lgnïg lf Afihi quh giglurhch f shu Nfih h quh
chbherg f shu Lhus nfs grrhegtgihntf lf r`tif un`vhrsgb.
Gss`i à f Afihi lh \rgl`ïãf, gquhbh quh, vfbtgnlf gf Àlhn phbg ]frtg lf
Fc`lhnth,
nãf lgnïg`r!"
gcrhl`tgvg cfnsc`hnthihnth
(Kf, QQ@;71). f shu Nfih h sh lh`xg
lh`x g bhvgr pfr hbh... "gfnlh hbh
Wugnlf Kgcfe lç g Hsgû “ f Afihi vhrihbaf “ ui "cgblf vhrihbaf", lh quh hbh
sgeh quh f shu `riãf hstç lhshkfsf, pgrg trfcgr pfr hssh prgtf f l`rh`tf lh
pr`ifohn`turg, hbh bah lç dhrrf.
Hssh dhrrf, à vhrlglh, cfnsfb`lg Hsgû nf Afihi vhrihbaf quh hbh à.
Hbh shrç `nvhst`lf pfr hbh ng prfcurg lg cgïg, ng prfcurg lh "iubahrhs quh dfrgi
fekhtf lh gigrourg pgrg f cfrgïãf lfs shus pg`s" (On, QQT@;38) fu hi tflgs gs
dfrigs lh gt`v`lglhs hxthr`frhs.
Igs nãf à ihnfs vhrlglh quh,qu h, d`cgnlf cfi g ahrgnïg, Kgcfe vg` pfucf g pfucf
rhcuphrgr tflgs gs hnhro`gs lf `riãf,
` riãf, hnhro`gs hnr`quhc`lgs phbf dhrrf.
Sfe hssg buz, Hsgû gprhshntg-sh cfif g rhshrvg lf sgnouh lh Kgcfe.
H Kgcfe vfbtgrç g hxtrg`r lhssh i`nhrgb, lh gcfrlf cfi f shu trgegbaf
t rgegbaf `nthr`fr.
Hxtrg`r nhssg kgz`lg lh dhrrf, vhrhifs ig`s gl`gnth g gbtg s`on`d`cgïãf l`ssf.
Igs f quh gcfnthch cfi fs Kgcfes quh d`cgi `lhnt`d`cglfs hi Hsgû lurgnth tflg g
v`lg
F quhlhbhs h cukgcfi
gcfnthch rhshrvg lh dhrrf
f afihi quhd`cg `nhxpbfrglg6
phrignhch ngs "trhvgs hxthr`frhs", cfi gquhbh
quh nãf pgssg phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" h nãf cfnstró` f shu sgnouh6
 À Wg`n igtgnlf Gehb.

Hstulgifs gnthr`frihnth ui gsphctf lhssh i`tf.

À afrg lh `r ig`s bfnoh ng sug ihnsgohi; g grig gssgss`ng lh Wg`a à f shu Pfl, f
shu vhref, f shu Nfih, quh hbh nãf rhgb`zfu nf `nthr`fr lf shu sgnouh, h hntãf
vfbtfu pgrg f hxthr`fr pgrg vhrthr f sgnouh.
À g pr`ih`rg vhz ng Eéeb`g “ h nhssg s`tugïãf lh gssgss`ngtf “ quh f sgnouh,
Lgi - , à nfihglf.

]r`ih`rgihnth, hbh cfnst`tu` l`scrhtgihnth f nfih lh Glãf , h g pgbgvrg

Lgifta  "shihbagnïg", cfif v`ifs tgieài: igs à nf lrgig lf Afihi
sgélf lf cgi`naf lf shu Nfih “ pfrtgntf, lf lg "shihbagnïg" “ quh sh pgssg f
lf sgnouh, lhssh Lgi  quh nãf à ig`s grrhegtglf hntrh f  h f  (Gbdg h
Üihog aherg`cfs igs, sferhtulf, Càu h \hrrg gqu`!).
Wg`n , phbg prfvg g quh à sueiht`lf, pfl`g `nshr`r-sh nfvgihnth nf h`xf lf shu
Nfih h "n`l`d`cgr f shu Pfl", kç quh hssg à g sug vfcgïãf.
Igs, nãf fuv`nlf g pgbgvrg l`v`ng, Wg`n rhst`tu` f shu Pfl, f shu Thref-Hspglg,
Thref -Hspglg, h
igtg Gehb.
 

F sgnouh cfrrh.
"G thrrg eheh fs sgnouhs lf thu `riãf" (On, @T;5), l`z Lhus g Wg`n.
F cfsifs hstç hntãf `nvhst`lf lf pflhr lf Pfl.
Lh`d`cglf, f cfsifs à glfrglf h fl`glf phbf Afihi.
Glfrglf pgrg cfnc`b`ç-bf, hbh à gquhbh g quhi sh sgcr`d`cg nfs gbtgrhs:
gtrgvàs lhbh, f dgbsf hspfsf, Sgtgnçs, à cglg vhz ig`s `nsgc`çvhb lh
sgnouh.
Fl`glf, pfr thr sh tfrnglf tflf-pflhrfsf, hbh à fekhtf lh ihlf: h f
Afihi hntrg cfi hbh nuig rhbgïãf lh dfrïgs, pfnlf tflg g sug
`nthb`oënc`g h f shu dhrrf pgrg cfnstru`r ui iunlf hxthr`fr quh hbh hxpbfrg,
lfi`ng h cfnqu`stg cfi rg`vg...
H f dgbsf hspfsf g usgr lh grt`ignags pgrg rht`rgr-sh lgqu` vhnc`lf, igs
pgrg rhgpgrhchr bç h gcfbç, lh i`b ignh`rgs,
ignh `rgs, cfif uig "a`lrg shlhntg lh
sgnouh", lh quhi sh cfrtg `nlhd`n`lgihnth ui thntçcubf quh bfof crhsch
nfvgihnth, iubt`pb`cgnlf-sh !
H f Afihi g phrlhr gs sugss ugs dfrïgs nhssh trgegbaf hxthnugnth lh quh
tfcgifs ui b`i`th nhsth phréflf lg nfssg A`stór`g, shi thr pgrg `ssf
cfihïglf g v`vhr!
Wg`n, quh igtg Gehb, hsthr`b`zg f shu Pfl:
P fl: `nvhsth gs sugs hnhro`gs nuig
chbhergïãf g tflf custf!
Fs lhschnlhnths lh Wg`n, lurgnth shth ohrgïøhs, nãf v`vhi; hbhs nãf tëi
`lglh.
Shi thipf h, pfrtgntf, shi hspgïf `nthr`fr, hbhs rhprhshntgi g nfssg
auign`lglh "gboherfsglg", l`r`g Igrchb Kfussh h un`cgihnth fcupglg ng
cfnstruïãf lgs c`v`b`zgïøhs hxthr`frhs, c`v`b`zgïøhs sfehregs, igs hi cukf
cfrgïãf f sgnouh cfnt`nug g cfrrhr ngs ouhrrgs, nfs cr`ihs, ngs hstrglgs h
gtrgvàs lfs gssgss`ngtfs quft`l`gnfs lgs nfssgs bénougs phrvhrsgs.
Cfrrh ng prfcr`gïãf, cfrrh ng lfbfrfsg cgrog lg nfssg
nfss g tûn`cg lh phbh !
Cfrrhrç gtà quh, cfi g ûbt`ig ohrgïãf lh Wg`n cfif séiefbf, cfndhsshifs
f gssgss`ngtf lh Gehb h cfbfquhifs g Hspglg ng eg`nag lf nfssf Nfih!
Hntãf, vfbtgrhifs g shr, shiprh lh gcfrlf
gc frlf cfi g hxprhssãf lh Igrchb
Kfussh, "thrrfsfs"!
G ûbt`ig ohrgïãf lh Wg`n à g lh \uegb-Wg`n, f dhrrh`rf.
F dhrrh`rf à gquhbh quh trgtg "f dhrrf h f erfnzh", h fs ihtg`s lh tflg
hspàc`h, nf dfof.
F dfof hxthr`fr à séiefbf lf dfof `nthr`fr quh bhvgifs hi nós h quh vgifs
hstulgr gf lhscfer`r g nfssg dfrkg `nthr`fr.
F dhrrf h f erfnzh sãf séiefbfs lfs nfssfs ihtg`s `nthr`frhs cagiglfs g
tfrngr-sh prgtg h furf ng dfrkg.
]f`s f nfssf cfrpf, nf hsshnc`gb
hs shnc`gb lf shu shr, nf névhb lf tr`ånoubf tfrçc`cf “ 
buogr lf egt`sif lh dfof “ à uig dfrkg.
Hssh trgegbaf `nthr`fr nãf rhgb`zglf à `ncfnsc`hnthihnth cfiphnsglf phbf
Afihi ng s`lhruro`g.
]grhch quh f pr`ih`rf dhrrf cfnahc`lf h trgtglf ng A`stór`g rhifntg lh
3=== g 8=== gnfs gnths lg nfssg hrg.
Hrg hntãf ui dhrrf ihthór`cf lh fr`ohi chbhsth.
Fs orhofs nãf f cagigvgi S`lhrfs, lf nfih lf càu6 ZT`r`g hssh "S`lhrfs"
lf "pbgnhtg vhrihbaf", Igrth, quh pgrt`bag f shu nfih cfi f lhus lg
ouhrrg6 Agvhrç tgbvhz fpfrtun`lglh lh sh hstulgr `ssf ig`s
 prfdunlgihnth.Y  
 prfdunlgihnth.Y
 

Cfif sh hssh dhnüihnf a`stór`cf qu`shssh s`on`d`cgr quh f dhrrf “ quh, ng

efcg lh @sgégs, lhvh shr trgnsiutglf hi prgtg, séiefbf lh `nthb`oënc`g “ 
hstgvg b`oglf gf iunlf l`v`nf!
Ng Ihsfpftçrn`g, fs suihr`gnfs cagigvgi-nf "Gn-Egr" (dfof (d fof lf càu) h df`
hsshnc`gbihnth nhssh pgés quh f dhrrf pgrhch thr s`lf `nlustr`gb`zglf phbg
pr`ih`rg vhz, pgés quh v`u cahogr f pfvf lh @srghb nf hxéb`f !
Sgélf lf shu NFIH, @srghb rhûnh g rho`ãf fnlh sh trgegbag f dhrrf hxthr`fr.
Gn-Egr thi uig rg`z cfiui cfi f nfih aherg`cf lf "dhrrf"; Egrzhb .
G rg`z Egr dfrig gs lugs pr`ih`rgs bhtrgs lg \frga, cukg trgl`ïãf aherg`cg
l`z quh hbgs cfntëi g \frga
\ frga `nth`rg.
H`s gqu` ui orgnlh thig lh quh f hsshnc`gb à quh Egr à f "rgpgz", dfof lf
Càu h lg \hrrg quh, nhbh rhun`lfs, dgrãf lhbh
lh bh f D`baf rhgb`zglf, Ehn.
Egr tfrngr-sh-ç Ehn qugnlf f dhrrf sh tfigr prgtg.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, tgieài g qugb`lglh lh d`bafd `baf hstç b`oglg í lf dhrrf nf
sgnouh.
Ng Gnt`oò`lglh, f trgegbaf lg dfrkg hrg `nshpgrçvhb lfs sgcr`déc`fs
s gcr`déc`fs
sgnorhntfs.
Sgcr`d`cgvg-sh kustgihnth ui rgpgz.
Wugnlf Egr nãf ifrrh `nthr`frihnth pgrg trgnsdfrigr f shu sgnouh h
tfrngr-sh Ehn, hbh à sgcr`d`cglf nf hxthr`fr pgrg nutr`r f lhus lg dfrkg.
H `ssf hstgrç tãf dfrthihnth gncfrglf nf `ncfnsc`hnth lfs pfvfs quh bah
shrãf fdhrhc`lfs sgcr`déc`fs pgrg dunlgr uig c`lglh,
c `lglh, pgrg cfnstru`r ui
thipbf, uig cgsg, g d`i lh cfnc`b`gr fs hspér`tfs lfs buogrhs.
\flg tfiglg lh pfssh lg thrrg hxthr`fr hx`o`rç f prhïf lf sgnouh.
"Shnafr Sgtgnçs, hi trfcg lh ui pfucf
pfuc f lh sgnouh, tfigrh` hsth buogr..."
G hssh l`scursf, vëi hnxhrtgr-sh tflfs fs r`tfs iço`cfs nf sh`f lfs qug`s f
pflhr lf sgnouh prhs`lh.
G igo`g à gphngs ui lhsshs gsphctfs lgs rhbgïøhs lh dfrïgs lf Afihi h
lf cfsifs.
Hbg usg ih`fs shcrhtfs quh hx`ohi g rhcfnluïãf lf gtf lh Glãf ger`nlf f
shu nûcbhf gnths lg afrg.
Hbg à d`bag lh Agi quh, d`baf lh Nfà, fbafu f pg`, phbf `nthr`fr, nf shu s hu
hstglf lh hier`gouhz h lh nulhz, ng hnhro`g nucbhgr quh hbh sh t`nag
tfrnglf: h Agi cfntfu nf hxthr`fr "f i`stàr`f lhsvhnlglf" (On, LC;55). LC ;55).
Bfnoh lh dgzhr
gpr`s`fng-f f Afihi sg`r lg sug cfnl`ïãf lh tûn`cg lh phbh, g igo`g
ig`s.
Hbg nãf thi nglg g vhr cfi
c fi g grth lfs igofs, ssgchrlfths
gchrlfths h afihns lh
c`ënc`gs lg Gnt`oò`lglh quh dfrigvgi pr`i`t`vgihnth g cgstg
cgs tg sgchrlftgb
lfs Ihlfs.
Fs igofs vëi `ncb`ngr-sh l`gnth lg cr`gnïg l`v`ng lh Ehbài, cr`gnïg quh
vg` b`ehrtgr g auign`lglh lg sug tûn`cg lh phbh.
Cfi hbhs, `ncb`ng-sh g sug c`ënc`g l`gnth lf Thref.
Fs iço`cfs, lhschnlhnths lh Agi, hstãf g shrv`ïf lf Dgrgó.
Wugnlf nf Ho`tf If`sàs “ prhd`ourgnlf g cr`gnïg lh Ehbài “ sh bhvgntg
pgrg b`vrgr f shu pfvf lg shrv`lãf,
s hrv`lãf, fs iço`cfs hntrgi hi ccfipht`ïãf
fipht`ïãf cfi
hbh.
\figlf lf Hspér`tf L`v`nf, If`sàs hscutg-fs.
G pgrt`r lg thrch`rg prgog lf Ho`tf, fs iço`cfs lhcbgrgi-sh `ipfthnths.
Ng shxtg
Hntãf, prgog,
pfucf hbhs nãf
g pfucf, ig`s lfs
f Lhus gpgrhchi.
aherhus `ntrfluz nf shu pfvf g
cfnsc`ënc`g lh uig nfvg rhgb`lglh, igs lg sug rhgb`lglh fntfbóo`cg, lg
 pftënc`g lf sgnouh nf `nthr`fr lf Afihi, pftënc`g lgs hnhro`gs

gb`ihntglgs phbf ]g`-Hspfsf quh rhgb`zgi f Afihi ngs sugs nûpc`gs

l`v`ngs.
]grg `ssf, Lhus suest`tu` f dgbsf hspfsf, Hbh Sh `ns`nug nfs r`tfs sgcr`d`c`g`s
h, pfr ih`f lh grt`ignags, lhsv`g-fs lh Sgtgnçs g d`i lh quh f sgnouh quh
igncag sh tfrnh f sgnouh quh pur`d`cg.
Fs r`tfs sãf cfipbhxfs h `nuihrçvh`s.
Hncfntrgi f shu guoh nf l`g lf orgnlh khkui, dhstg lgs hxp`gïøhs, l`g hi
quh f sfehrgnf sgcr`d`cglfr hntrg nf buogr sgntf lfs sgntfs pgrg dgzhr g
gsphrsãf lh sgnouh nf prfp`c`gtór`f.
Hbh fdhrhch; 
“ pr`ih`rf, ui ehzhrrf phbfs shus própr`fs phcglfs h fs lg sug cgsg:
“ lhpf`s, ui cfrlh`rf phbgs dgbtgs lf pfvf:
“ hnd`i, f dgifsf eflh phbgs dgbtgs
dg btgs lg ngïãf, hnqugntf quh ui futrf
eflh, sferh cukg cgehïg sh cfbfcgrgi fs phcglfs lh @srghb, à ignlglf gf
lhshrtf... gf hsquhc`ihntf!
Lhpf`s, rhphnt`ngihnth, Lhus hxpøh g vhrlglh`rg s`tugïãf h, phbg efcg lfs
shus ]rfdhtgs, l`z gf Shu pfvf; "Flh`f fs vfssfs sgcr`déc`fs" (Gi, T;57-55).
Lgv`l cgntg, hntãf, nfs shus sgbifs;
"]frquh nãf th cfiprgzhs hi sgcr`déc`fs, shnãf hu fs lgr`g. Igs nãf th
gorglgs lh afbfcgustfs. Fs sgcr`déc`fs gorglçvh`s g Lhus sãf f hspér`tf
quhergntglf: Lhus, nãf lhsprhzgs ui cfrgïãf cfntr`tf h aui`baglf..."
(Sb, B@; 7?)
H Lgv`l, rh` lh @srghb, rhihth f shu pfvf í nhchss`lglh lg ssug ug ifrth
`nthr`fr, í lf trgtgihntf lf shu dhrrf `nthr`fr, nf shu sgnouh.
Hbh à `riãf hsp`r`tugb lf pg` lh \uegb-Wg`n,
\ uegb-Wg`n, Bhihja, f qugb, tfignlf
rgp`lgihnth cfnsc`ënc`g lf cr`ih lh Wg`n h dgbgnlf ís sugs lugs hspfsgs
(g cfnsc`ënc`g dhi`n`ng quh lhsphrtg) l`z; "Igth` ui afihi phbg i`nag
dhr`lg, h uig cr`gnïg phbg i`nag curg!" (On, @T; 53).
Cfndhssgnlf f shu phcglf, hbh prfdht`zg h prfsshouh;
prfss houh; "Wg`n sh hihnlgrç
shth vhzhs h Bhihja, shthntg h shth vhzhs" (On, @T; 5<).
Shthntg h shth vhzhs, Cr`stf ignlgrç phrlfgr: `nlhd`n`lgihnth f afihi
dhr`lf shrç phrlfglf, curglf, rhi`lf, g prhïf lh sgnouh!
]f`s cfif g dfrkg, pgrth`rg lf furf h g lg prgtg, tflf pgrtf custg hssh
prhïf;
“ Gergãf, pgrth`rf lh @srghb, hstç prhsths g sgcr`d`cgr shu d`baf @sggc:
“ If`sàs, dgzhnlf sg`r f shus hu pfvf lg shrv`lãf hoépc`g, f cfnluz
c fnluz nf dfof lf
lhshrtf lf S`ng` h nf lg ]gbgvrg lh Lhus lhpf`s quh f gnkf t`vhr sgcr`d`cglf
s gcr`d`cglf
fs pr`ifoën`tfs lfs hoépc`fs:
“ Cr`stf ngsch nf ih`f lf igssgcrh lfs sgntfs `nfchnths.
H f própr`f Cr`stf, ûbt`ig vét`ig sgnorhntg, rhl`ih g Hspfsg lf ]g`.
Hbh à f shu ‑Ofhb‐  (f
 (f shu b`ehrtglfr): hi thrifs aherg`cfs; gquhbh quh thi
f l`rh`tf lh rhsogth lg nf`vg.
Hsth à f prhïf lf sgnouh.
s gnouh.
Uhsogtgr f sgnouh à rhsogtgr g gbig, pf`s "g gbig hstç nf sgnouh"
(On, @Q; <-8-4) l`rãf pfr tgntgs vhzhs fs thxtfs eéeb`cfs (h cfif
cfihïgifs g phrchehr shu i`stàr`f í buz sgeçt`cg!).
s geçt`cg!).
Uhsogtgr f sgnouh à rhsogtgr f l`rh`tf lh gigr, lh shr giglf!
Uhsogtgr f sgnouh à rh`ntrfluz`r f Pfl v`vf nf cfrgïãf
c frgïãf lf Afihi,
rhcfbfcgr g Hspglg ng sug eg`nag!
"Hntãf", l`z f Oënhs`s, cfncbu`nlf g cfnd`ssãf lh Bhihja, "hntãf Glãf
cfnahch g`nlg g sug @sag h hbg lhu í buz ui d`baf h hbg cagig f shu nfih
 Saht (dunlgihntf)... h cfihïg-sh g `nvfcgr f NFIH !" (@T; 54).

Shouhi, nf névhb lf Oënhs`s, fs nfihs lfs lhz orgnlhs pgtr`grcgs quh, lh

Glãf g Nfà, rhsuihi g a`stór`g lg auign`lglh
auig n`lglh quh vfbtg gf trgegbaf lf
shu dhrrf `nthr`fr, s`iefb`zgnlf Nfà f afihi rhgb`zglf nf shu NFIH .
\flfs sh `nscrhvhi hi thipfs iu`tf lhd`n`lfs.
Hstãf hncgrnglfs ng sug cgrnh `nthr`fr h ng sug
s ug thrrg hxthr`fr.
Afkh, phrthnchifs tgbvhz í rgïg lh \uegb-Wgæn, f dhrrh`rf, nós quh
sgcr`d`cgifs f sgnouh `nfchnth pfr tflg pgrth, hnqugntf ger`ifs f nûcbhf
lf çtfif.
]fr `ssf, g`nlg nãf sfifs hncgrnglfs.
Wugb, lhntrh nós, à f Bhihja quh sh bhvgntgrg pgrg or`tgr; "Igth` ui
afihi phbg i`nag dhr`lg, uig cr`gnïg phbg
ph bg i`nag curg!"
]rfdht`zgnlf, @sgégs cgntg f Ohrglf lg Ngïøhs;
" ... lhsprhzglf, hscór`g lg auign`lglh, afihi lgs lfrhs, cfnahchnlf g
lfhnïg cfif gquhbhs l`gnth lh quhi v`rgifs f rfstf... fdhrtglf, hbh
gch`tfu, nãf ger`u g efcg, cfif
c fif ui cfrlh`rf quh sh bhvg gf lhofbglfr,
cfif uig fvhbag iulg l`gnth lf tfsqu`glfr... hbh lhu f shu gbhntf..."
(@s, B@@@). 
B@@@). 
S`i, hbh lhu f shu sgnouh, pf`s f gbhntf hstç nf sgnouh.
Wugnlf Kulgs “ quh t`nag hntrhoglf Khsus “ tfiglf lh rhifrsfs df`
hntrhogr gfs orgnlhs sgchrlfths h gfs Gnc`ãfs gs tr`ntg ifhlgs lh prgtg,
hsths l`sshrgi; "Nãf à phri`t`lf lhpfs`tç-bf nf thsfurf sgorglf,
s gorglf, pfrquh à
f prhïf lf sgnouh. \hnlf lhb`ehrglf, hbhs cfiprgrgi cfi hssg sfig f
cgipf lf fbh`rf pgrg hstgehbhchr ui chi`tàr`f lh hstrgnoh`rfs. Hssg à g
rgzãf phbg qugb hssh thrrhnf sh cagig g`nlg afkh Sglha AgLgi, f cgipf
lf sgnouh" (It, QQT@@; 4-0.)

Lf cgsgihntf, hi Wgnga lg Ogb`bà`g, fnlh Cr`stf Afihi-Lhus iulg g

çoug hi v`naf, í Sgntg Ch`g, hi quh Hbh iulg f v`naf nf sshu hu sgnouh, gtà
g Cruz hi quh sh v`vh
v `vh f ûbt`if Sageegt; "]g`, ]g`, pfr quh ih
gegnlfngsth6" pgrg quh f Afihi gt`nkg f shu nûcbhf h rhhncfntrh f ]g`, f
i`stàr`f lf Sgnouh hstç tftgbihnth cuipr`lf.
Cr`stf rhihth Sug Hspfsg gf ]g`.
Ng dhstg lg ]çscfg vhrihbag, g @orhkg chbherg f Hspér`tf Sgntf v`nlf lf ]g`
h cukg hdusãf dhcunlg g Hspfsg.
3. F Xie`of h f Cfrgïãf
Lg "]frtg lfs Afihns" í cagiglg "]frtg lfs lhushs", f Afihi sfeh
s`iefb`cgihnth lfzh hsp`rg`s suchss`vgs, cglg uig lgs qug`s ng dfrig lh
uig vàrtherg lfrsgb.
Lh ui sfbstéc`f g futrf, rftg sfbgr quh fs lfzh ihshs lf gnf gss`ngbgi,
hbhs própr`fs `nscr`tfs nfs lfzh s`onfs lf zflégcf, f Afihi gvgnïg ng
nf`th lg sug A`stór`g, cfnsc`hnth lh v`vhr, gbài lg gbthrnånc`g lfs l`gs h
lgs nf`ths, lfs vhrøhs h lfs `nvhrnfs, nui futrf pbgnf, ui bfnof `nvhrnf,
uig bfnog trhvg, ehrïf lg ûn`cg pr`igvhrg, igtr`z lf ûn`cf sfb quh
prfpfrc`fng g T`lg.
Hncfntrgrç hbh hssh sfb6
Cfnahchrç hssg pr`igvhrg6 
Ihnsgoh`rf lf shu duturf, f cfrpf lf Afihi cgrrhog
cg rrhog g sug prfihssg; nf
cfrgïãf ihsif
Hssg chrthzg lf shu
lf sfb quh shr
hbh hstç f "pbhxf
cgrrhog sfbgr".
nf shu chntrf gtrgvhssfu gs hrgs ig`s
gonóst`cgs, cfif gs sugs vàrthergs "sgorglgs" bah ogrgnt`rgi shiprh f
 "shorhlf" cfnt`lf hi Phsfl.

Ng trgl`ïãf a`nlu, g hscgbglg lg Junlgb`n` nhssh hstço`f gerh f Cagjrg lf

uie`of, lhpf`s f lf cfrgïãf.
F pr`ih`rf, lhsgerfcaglf hi lhz pàtgbgs, à f Fipagbgs, f Chntrf,
gssfc`glf hnqugntf póbf gf "chntrf lf Iunlf", shnlf f futrf póbf
rhprhshntglf phbf cfrgïãf cukf Cagjrg à lhscr`tf cfif uig dbfr-lh-bótus
d bfr-lh-bótus
vhrihbag gehrtg hi lfzh pàtgbgs.
Hsshs lf`s chntrfs, nf nfssf hstulf, shrãf l`st`nou`lfs, igs nãf
shpgrglfs, un`lfs h nãf cfndunl`lfs.
À, cfntulf, nf névhb lf cfrgïãf quh sh gerh g dbfr-lh-bótus cukgs lfzh
pàtgbgs hxpr`ihi f lflhcgnçr`f hsphc`gbihnth b`oglf gf SHU.
Nf chntrf lf bótus hstç f shu cfrgïãf
c frgïãf cagiglf g`nlg cçb`ch, làc`if thrch`rf
hbhihntf pgrg f qugb cfnvhrohi fs lfzh pr`ih`rfs.
À pgrg pür nf iunlf f Lhus-Afihi,
Lhus -Afihi, "Sfb lh Kust`ïg", quh gs lfzh tr`efs
lh @srghb trgegbagi.
Hi tfrnf lh Cr`stf, Hbh própr`f "Sfb lh Kust`ïg", orgv`tgi fs lfzh
Gpóstfbfs.
Ig`s tgrlh g`nlg, f Fc`lhnth cr`stãf hi euscg lf Sgntf Orggb, f cçb`ch
prhc`fsf, cfnst`tu`rç ui lfs shus ûbt`ifs i`tfs hi tfif lg \çvfbg
Uhlfnlg quh f rh` Grtaur h shus lfzh cgvgbh`rfs
c gvgbh`rfs prhs`lhi.
Hntrh fs orhofs, Aàrcubhs (fu Ahrgcbhs) sg` vhnchlfr lfs lfzh trgegbafs
gfs qug`s f sueihth Hur`sthu, pgrg rhgb`zgr, hnd`i,hnd `i, gf lhspfsgr Fndgbh “ 
`stf à, `lhnt`d`cgnlf-sh cfi f Chntrf lf shu shr “, g làc`ig thrch`rg
dgïgnag quh bah lç gchssf
gchs sf í ifrglg lfs lhushs fnlh Ahrg f gcfbah, lhusg
cukg "shihnth" hbh cgrrhogvg hi shu nfih.
Shkg qugb dfr g qugb`lglh lf "chntrf",
"c hntrf", lf Fndgbh, lf cfrgïãf lg dbfr, à hbh
hssh cfrgïãf, hssh làc`if thrch`rf hbhihntf pgrg f qugb qug b gs lfzh pàtgbgs, gs
lfzh htgpgs lf cgi`naf, bhvgi.
H hssh làc`if thrch`rf hbhihntf, tgb cfif f cuef c uef lg rflg, fcupg f shu
chntrf.
Hbh à g buz ngs trhvgs, g `ife`b`lglh nf ifv`ihntf, f @nvgr`çvhb nf ccfrgïãf frgïãf
lf vgr`çvhb, f ]r`ncép`f ng oënhsh h g vfcgïãf lf iûbt`pbf.
Gé quh`ig f dfof quh nãf cfnsfih.
cfns fih.
Gé lhsphrtg f gifr ng "ifrglg lf rh`" rh `" lf Cånt`cf lfs Cånt`cfs; "Gerh-ih,
i`nag `riã, i`nag gi`og, i`nag pfieg, i`nag phrdh`tg... Às ehbg, i`nag
gi`og, cfif \a`rtsg, gorglçvhb cfif Khrusgbài... Sfu nhorg igs sfu ehbg,
d`bag lh Khrusgbài... Nãf prhsths gthnïãf ng i`nag i `nag thz nhorg, df` f Sfb quh
ih quh`ifu... Nãf lhsphrths, nãf lhsphrths f gifr gnths quh hbg f
quh`rg."  
\rhvgs, Sfb, dfof, gifr, ehbhzg, phrdh`ïãf, cahogifs “ tulf nf-bf `nl`cg “
gf névhb lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta, í shpa`rga \`pahrhta.
F quh à \`pahrhta6
Nf hsquhig l`v`nf, à g pbhn`tulh lg Agrifn`g l`v`ng.
Hbg rhûnh tflgs gs cfrhs, tflfs fs sfns, tflfs fs phrduihs, tflfs fs
r`tifs, h fs hxgbtg ng un`lglh phrdh`tg lf shu hncfntrf.
Hbg à g Iflhrgïãf, hbg à g Ehbhzg.
Hbg à f Sfb l`v`nf, Uflg suprhig lh quh tflfs fs rg`fs rhûnhi trhvgs h buz
h cukf ture`baãf trhihnlf dgz hxpbfl`r tflgs gs pfss`e`b`lglhs
pfs s`e`b`lglhs lf Gifr
l`v`nf. 
F gifr à lfi h tgieài rhchpt`v`lglh.
Kgtf, `rrgl`gïãf `nd`n`tg, hbh à tgieài vgz`f phrdh`tf h tftgb gtrgïãf.
gtrgïã f.
 

Chntrf lh tflf ifv`ihntf, iflhrgïãf lh tflf r`tif, hbh nãf pflh sh s h dgzhr
cfnahchr shnãf qugnlf sh hncferh h sh b`i`tg, hnogstglf ngs kó`gs lh tflg
v`lg ign`dhstglg, quh à g sug rgl`gïãf h quh hbh gtrg` pgrg s`.
F afihi quh gt`noh hssh orgu lh hxphr`ënc`g à gtrgélf, grrhegtglf nf
dubi`ngnth ture`baãf lg rflg sfbgr: bhvglf phbg dfrïg chntréphtg lf shu
ifv`ihntf, hbh lhsch ís hntrgnags lg thrrg lgs sugs prfdunlhzgs, gnths lh
shr hbhvglf í "ifrglg lfs lhushs".
Lhspfsgr f l`v`nf, hi \`pahrhta, à lhspfsgr sugss ugs cfntrgl`ïøhs, f gbtf h f
eg`xf, g l`rh`tg h g hsquhrlg, f gnths h f lhpf`s: à lhspfsgr g Iãh cfnt`lg
hi Igbjauta pgrg shr lhspfsglf phbf ]g` hscfnl`lf hi G`n.
Hncfntrgifs gé g cgi`naglg lh Àl`pf, g lfs ahró`s i`tfbóo`cfs, g lh tflfs
fs Sgntfs lg A`stór`g.
Hssg hxphr`ënc`g fehlhch í rhsp`rgïãf dunlgihntgb quh igrcg f r`tif lh
tflg g v`lg; g cglg `nvhrnf, g sh`vg lg çrvfrh lhsch ís prfdunlhzgs lg
\hrrg, gnths lh sue`r, ng pr`igvhrg, ng l`rhïãf lf Càu, pgrg lgr f shu
drutf.
À g bh` ig`fr lg hncgrngïãf lhspfsgr g \hrrg pgrg shr lhspfsglf phbf Càu.
À g vfbtg ís nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs lh Glãf lhspfsgr Glgiga, g \hrrg-iãh
cfi quh hbh à ifblglf.
Nós f v`ifs ubtrgpgssgr sugs nfrigs h lhspfsgr g própr`g `igohi.
Uhtfigr f cgi`naf lh vhrlglh à, gnths, ihroubagr ngs prfdunlhzgs lh s`
própr`f, tfrngr-sh pó nfvgihnth h lhspfsgr g \hrrg-v`rohi lh quh ngschrç
ngs chrç
"g cr`gnïg l`v`ng".
H`s pfr quh nfssf cfrpf nfs cfnv`lg, nf névhb lf pbhxf sfbgr h, gnths lh
gefrlgr f cagjrg lf cfrgïãf, g dgzhr g hxphr`ënc`g lf cagjrg uie`b`cgb.
F uie`of à f buogr lh `nshrïãf lf cfrlãf uie`b`cgb quh b`og f dhtf í
pbgchntg.
À f buogr lf nfssf pr`ih`rf dhr`ihntf dfrigb, lf nfssf pr`ih`rf cfrth,
shpgrgïãf hi rhbgïãf g uig dfnth lh v`lg igthrng.
Hssh cfrlãf nutr`lfr b`og f dhtf íquhbh quh sh
s h pflhr`g cagigr f shu `riãf
oëihf, kç quh g pbgchntg, ngsc`lg
ngsc `lg lf ihsif fvf quh f dhtf, sh shpgrg lhbh
lhslh fs pr`ih`rfs `nstgnths lg v`lg.
Bhierhif-nfs lh quh g pbgchntg à f séiefbf
s éiefbf lf grquàt`pf quh sh gb`ihntg.
H f séiefbf lh Hbfa`i, ]g`-Hspfsf, quh nutrh Glãf, d`bag-hspfsg.
Lhslh g quhlg, g Auign`lglh prfst`tuélg gf dgbsf hspfsf Sgtgnçs à pfr hbh
lhvfrglg: igs, fntfbfo`cgihnth, cfnt`nug g rhchehr lh Hbfa`i tflf f
gb`ihntf quh cfnst`tu` f shu shr h f `ndfrig g tflf `nstgnth.
S`iefb`cgihnth, dhtf h pbgchntg sãf d`bag h ]g` cagiglfs g hncfntrgr fs
grquàt`pfs h tfrngr-sh hspfsg-Hspfsf.

F cfrlãf uie`b`cgb dfrigb só à cfrtglf

c frtglf nf ngsc`ihntf pgrg lgr buogr íquhbh
quh b`og cglg shr, ng sug rhgb`lglh fntfbóo`cg h ng sug vfcgïãf
hscgtfbóo`cg, gf ]g`-Hspfsf nutr`lfr. 
G pbgchntg dfrigb só à hvgcuglg “ í `igohi lf nûcbhf lf obóeubf
vhrihbaf lf sgnouh “ pgrg lgr buogr í pbgchntg-ohrih nutr`lfrg quh à f
 NFIH  nf NFIH-OHUIH, nûcbhf lh cglg shr.

\flfs nós, nhssh shnt`lf, sfifs tgieài `riãfs oëihfs lh ,

cagiglfs, nuig rhorhssãf-hvfbuïãf tftgb, g rhdgzhr f fvf ûn`cf cfi hbh!
Hncfntrgifs g cfnd`rigïãf lf shnt`lf lgs ohih`lglhs quh hstulgifs
gnthr`frihnth.
Nhssh shnt`lf, f uie`of d`cg cfif ui lfs ig`s gbtfs buogrhs lf cfrpf, f
lgs nfssgs thfdgn`gs.
À pfr `ssf quh, gnt`ogihnth, fs ifnohs ahs`cgstgs" hrgi cagiglfs phbfs
shus lhtrgtfrhs "cfnthipbglfrhs lf uie`of".
G zfiegr`g à shiprh g lhdhsg dçc`b lfs quh, ife`b`zglfs nui névhb ssut`b
ut`b lf
shu shr quh hbhs g`nlg nãf phnhtrgrgi, rhcusgi
rhc usgi h lhstrfhi f gohnth
ife`b`zglfr.
Fs ahs`cgstgs sh "nutrhi" lf NFIH lh Khsus - , h sh lh`xgi "cgrrhogr
nf shu ih`f" (ht`ifbfo`g lf thrif ihl`tgr) sferh f cfrlãf quh fs b`og gf
Sgntf NFIH.
Xi lfs "Xie`ofs" lf iunlf “ pf`s f cfrpf lg \hrrg, gnçbfof
gnç bfof gf nfssf,
thi gs sugs hihroënc`gs hnhroàt`cgs “ à g`nlg, pfr chrtf, f ifnth S`ng`.
Df` gé quh, gnths lh cfihïgr
cfihï gr f orgnlh cgi`naf lh b`ehrtgïãf lgs trhvgs lg
hscrgv`lãf, If`sàs v`vhu g hxphr`ënc`g lg "Sgrïg grlhnth" (Hx, @@@; 5).
Hbh v`u g Buz @ncr`glg h fuv`u f shu NFIH; "Hu sfu" (Hx, @@@; 7<).
Nhssh thxtf, Ha`à  à ui nãf-rhgb`zglf.
If`sàs,pgrg
@srghb, nhssh gbtf
quh buogr, gnths
f Ihss`gs lh àpgrt`r
v hnag,
vhnag, pgrg lf
`nvhst`lf g rhgb`zgïãf lf NFIH lh
pflhr l`v`nf.
Wugnlf If`sàs pgssgr lh nfvf phbf S`ng` cfi c fi f pfvf lh @srghb, quh hbh thrç
dh`tf sg`r lf Ho`tf, hbh sue`rç gf cuih lg ifntgnag h vhrç  drhnth g
drhnth (Hx, QQQ@@@; 7 7) h l'Hbh rhchehrç g rhvhbgïãf lgs Bh`s fntfbóo`cgs.
Wugnlf If`sàs lhschr nfvgihnth lg ifntgnag, hbh er`bagrç cfi dubofr d ubofr
`nsupfrtçvhb gf pfvf.
G qugb`lglh lg Bh` tgieài bah shrç `nsupfrtçvhb.
À nf \agefr, h nfs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs,
c r`stãfs, quh If`sàs er`bagrç lh nfvf lhssg buz
rhspbgnlhchnth, hbh, f afihi lg Bh`, cfi Hb`gs, f prfdhtg, giefs rflhgnlf
 Cr`stf trgnsd`ourglf.
\rgnschnlënc`g lg bh` h lf prfdht`sif, Cr`stf à tftgbihnth rhgb`zglf, drutf
giglurhc`lf lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf, Xi h trës.
Sãf thsthiunags lg Buz @ncr`glg, nfvg Sgrïg grlhnth nf cuih lf \agefr;
]hlrf (f afihi lg bh`), Kfãf (f lf prfdht`sif) h \`gof-Pggqfv (rg`z lg
Çrvfrh).
\agefr -  à f nfih aherg`cf lf "uie`of".
À g`nlg f "cuef" lg rflg, buogr `iutçvhb h dfnth lh tflf ifv`ihntf,
trgnschnlënc`g lh tflg gnt`nfi`g.
\agefr  à; pr`ncép`f  lh \fv  , f "ehi" lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf,
fu "g hihroënc`g-buz".
Gfs trës l`scépubf: hsigoglfs, gnubglfs pfr uig buz hi quh hbhs g`nlg nãf
sh trgnsdfrigrgi, à lglf vhr g Buz.
L`gnth lhssg nfvg Sgrïg, hbhs nãf sh lhscgbïgrgi, pf`s shus pàs kç agv`gi
s`lf bgvglfs, ihsif sh f ohstf dfrigb só phrthnchr g ui ifihntf ig`s
tgrl`f nf névhb lg A`stór`g. 
H, ng hxphr`ënc`g Buz , à orgnlh g thntgïãf lh d`cgr, lh pgrgr gé;
"Uge`, à efi d`cgr gqu`, grihifs trës thnlgs..." (Ic, @Q; 8).
F lhshkf lh `nstgbgïãf, lh pgrglg, lh ifrth, hnd`i, hstç `nscr`tf ng tûn`cg
 lh phbh!

Khsus, hntãf, dgz lhschr nfvgihnth lgs ifntgnags fs trës gpóstfbfs h b`og
bfof hssh gcfnthc`ihntf í sug próx`ig lhsc`lg gfs @ndhrnfs,
"rhcfihnlgnlf-bahs quh nãf l`sshsshi g n`nouài f quh agv`gi v`stf gtà
quh f D`baf lf Afihi rhssusc`tgssh lfs ifrtfs" (Ic, @Q; 0).
F gchssf lhd`n`t`vf í Buz pgssg pfr   \fv vhUg, fs lf`s póbfs lg
lugb`lglh v`v`lg nhssh hstço`f ng sug vhrlglh quh à cgsgihntf, rhbgïãf lh
gifr h nãf ig`s lh dfrïg.
Khsus tgieài tfig g lhschr lg ifntgnag, lh`xg hssh "uie`of", h vg`
gssui`r f shounlf póbf, f cfrgïãf.
Gé, hbh v`vhrç vhUg.
Ug  nãf à f "igb", cfif v`ifs.
Hi aherg`cf, hssh nfih lhs`ong f `n`i`of, f glvhrsçr`f.
Igs cfi hssg gie`oò`lglh própr`g lg bénoug aherg`cg , f "glvhrsçr`f" à
tgieài "f futrf, f gi`of, f próx`if", d`ngbihnth,
d `ngbihnth, "f `riãf"...
F thifs gqu` g cfnd`rigïãf lgqu`bf lh quh nfs agvégifs gprfx`iglf nf
s hkg, quh f ]agrgf , f `n`i`of, à nf
cursf lg trgvhss`g lf Ho`tf, fu shkg,
dunlf f gi`of, f `riãf lh If`sàs, ui h futrf póbfs lh uig un`lglh
hsshnc`gb.
Nãf à ihnfs vhrlglh quh, nf thc`lf dhnfihngb lg A`stór`g, f Dgrgó thnag
sh gprhshntglf gf pfvf aherhu cfif glvhrsçr`f ng trgvhss`g lf shu
pr`ih`rf
cfnthxtf,hstço`f, h f própr`f
gf cfrgïãf Sgtgnçs vg`
lf quglr`bçthrf, l`r`o`r-sh
nf cagjrg lfgofrg, nf ihsif
cfrgïãf.
F quglr`bçthrf hstruturglf sferh f nûihrf < à uig pgrglg, uig prfvg,
uig pr`sãf.
Hbh pflh shr v`v`lf cfif ui tûiubf fu tfigr f vgbfr lh igtr`z.
Nhssh ûbt`if cgsf, f nûihrf 8 `lhnt`d`cg-sh cfi f ohrih lh v`lg quh sh
`nscrhvh ng igtr`z pgrg shr bhvglf gé í pbhn`tulh lf shu lhshnvfbv`ihntf.
F nûihrf 75, quh, cfif v`ifs, prhs`lh gs hstruturgs lf shounlf hstço`f,
cfrrhspfnlh gf 3 x <, `stf à, gf < quh hntrg nui l`ngi`sif lh cfnqu`stg.
Nhssh cgsf, f nûihrf 73, afióbfof lf 8 nhssh nfvf pbgnf, à gf ihsif
thipf uig rhgb`zgïãf h ui ohrih.
À n`ssf quh f 73 `ipb`cg
`ipb`c g uig ifrth pgrg uig rhssurrh`ïãf.
Cr`stf, `lhnt`d`cglf cfi f ph`xh cfif Ohrih cósi`cf,
c ósi`cf, vg` ifrrhr h lhschr
gfs @ndhrnfs, hncfntrgr gé Sgtgnçs, lhpf`s sue`r nfvgihnth pgrg
rhssusc`tgr.
"Sh f orãf nãf ifrrh..." Lf \agefr ís prfdunlhzgs lfs @ndhrnfs, hntrh
hsshs lf`s póbfs \fv vhUg, `nscrhvh-sh f cgi`naf rhgb lh qugbquhr afihi
quh v`vh hi pbhn`tulh g sug hncgrngïãf chntrglg nf h`xf lg ûbt`ig
rhssurrh`ïãf.
F cagjrg lf cfrgïãf, `nshpgrçvhb lf cagjrg lf uie`of, ng phrsphct`vg lg
Orgnlh Ferg à dfof.
Hbh cfnst`tu` hsshnc`gbihnth f gbtf lf tr`ånoubf Ahshl-L`n-\`pahrhta ng
shpa`rga \`pahrhta (Ehbhzg), écfnh lh Jhtahr (Cfrfg).
À nf shorhlf lhssh tr`ånoubf tfrçc`cf “ lhssh "cgipf lh c`nçer`f", igtr`z
nfvg lg `ifrtgb`lglh, l`zhi fs ca`nhshs “ quh f Afihi sh hncfntrg
cfns`of ihsif hi cgsgihntfs suchss`vfs, gtà f cfrgïãf lf shu dhi`n`nf,
gtà g sug ûbt`ig thrrg, quh hnchrrg f shu nûcbhf, f shu NFIH.
Igtr`z lh dfof, hssg pgrth lf nfssf cfrpf à cfrrhnthihnth lhscr`tg hi
vçr`fs i`tfs lg auign`lglh sfe f séiefbf
s éiefbf lh uig dfrkg. 
F ihstrh lg dfrkg, ng Oràc`g, à Ahdhstfs “ fu Tubcãf “ lhus lf dfof.
 Hbh à cfxf!

\rgegbag ngs prfdunlhzgs lg \hrrg gnths lh tfrngr-sh f dhrrh`rf chbhsth.

C`nzhbg g cfrfg lfs hbh`tfs: tfrnh`g tgieài gs tgïgs ngs qug`s shrç
rhcfba`lf f v`naf lh Gierfs`g h ifblg-g cfurgïg
c furgïg lfs ahró`s.
Hsshs ûbt`ifs séiefbfs `nl`cgi-nfs quh, ngs prfdunlhzgs suethrrånhgs,
Ahdhstfs trgegbag pgrg fs ig`s gbtfs pbgnfs lg hvfbuïãf.
Shus gkulgnths sãf fs C`cbfphs, cukf
c ukf fbaf drfntgb “ cfif ng Énl`g f lh
Sa`vg “ vë tulf f quh lhvh shr lhstruélf pgrg dgzhr erftgr lhssg ifrth g
v`lg, lhssg lhcfipfs`ïãf g ehbhzg, lhssgs trhvgs g buz.
F pr`ih`rf dhrrh`rf quh f i`tf eéeb`cf nfs prfpøh à \uegb-Wg`a,
\ uegb-Wg`a, d`baf lh
Bhihja h lhschnlhnth lh Glãf pfr Wg`n ng sàt`ig ohrgïãf.
F nûihrf ? (sahvg hi aherg`cf, thrif ehi próx`if lf lhus a`nlu Sa`vg!)
à séiefbf lh iulgnïg lh c`cbf,
c`c bf, lh ifrth pgrg uig rhssurrh`ïãf.
\uegb-Wg`n f dhrrh`rf, thi pfr `riã Nggiga, cukf nfih s`on`d`cg
s `on`d`cg "Ehbhzg",
s`nün`if lh \`pahrhta.
Nggiga hstç tãf `nt`igihnth b`oglg gf `riãf quh hstãf hs tãf b`oglfs hi
\`pahrhta g prfvg lf dfof h lg Ehbhzg.
Só ngschrç pgrg g Ehbhzg, pgrg f hspbhnlfr lg Buz l`v`ng, gquhbh quh,
pó -  , t`vhr pgssglf phbg prfvg lf dfof h sh t`vhr trgnsdfriglf hi
c`nzgs - .
Hbh thrç trgnsdfriglf f Gy`n  hi Gbhpa , f ? hi 7.
Ifrtf h rhssusc`tglf,
Lhscuergifs f nfssf hntrgrç nfs hspbhnlfrhs
cfrpf nhssh névhb. hthrnfs.
Hbh à uig dfrkg.
<. G Dfrkg

g) F hstüigof
F hstüigof à f dfrnf lg dfrkg, dfrnf quh à prhc`sf gb`ihntgr cfi
cfieustévh`s sgl`fs.
Cfihr à `nthorgr-sh.
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, à `nthorgr g tftgb`lglh lgs hnhro`gs l`v`ngs quh, sfe
s fe f
séiefbf lg hrvg h lf drutf “ pr`iéc`gs lf pãf h lf v`naf “ sãf, nf Oënhs`s
(@; 50), f gb`ihntf lh Glãf.
Fjahb - , "cfihr", à  Hbfa`i, quh Sh lç tftgbihnth (  "tulf") g
Glãf.
" gogrrgr"  (tfigr hi iãfs) Hbfa`i .
À, g`nlg, pgrg f Afihi, "gogrrgr"
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, pf`s, trgtg-sh lh cfihr g Lhus, pf`s f ]g`-Hspfsf
gb`ihntg g hspfsg quh, hnr`quhchnlf-sh cfi gs Sugs hnhro`gs, crhsch
gss`i pgrg f cgsgihntf.
Lhntrf lfs b`i`ths lf crhsc`ihntf, hbg à lhspfsglg
lhspfs glg pfr Lhus h `norhssg nf
prgzhr grquhtép`cf.
Fntfbfo`cgihnth, f gb`ihntf à lg ihsig ngturhzg quh f cgsgihntf,
cgs gihntf, hbh à
prgzhr.
Lhpf`s lg quhlg, f Afihi shpgrglf lf ]g`-Hspfsf lç-sh gf dgbsf hspfsf
Sgtgnçs, quh f cfih h lf qugb hbh sh tfig f prgzhr.
Lhvfrglf nf shu cfsifs `nthr`fr, f afihi nutrh-sh lf cfsifs hxthr`fr
quh hbh hsoftg.
Nãf aç ig`s cgsgihntf.
Hssg ûn`cg dunïãf fntfbóo`cg gb`ihntf-cgsgihntf cfnahch hntãf g l`v`sãf,
h f Afihi euscg, g pgrt`r lgé, f prgzhr, lh ui bglf, gtrgvàs lg
 

shxugb`lglh h, lh futrf, gtrgvàs lf gb`ihntf, prgzhr cukgs ént`igs

`ier`cgïøhs cfnahchifs hi ]s`cfbfo`g.

F hstüigof só rhhncfntrgrç sugs dunïøhs fntfbóo`cgs sh, lhstru`nlf pfucf

g pfucf g lhsfrlhi lg quhlg, f Afihi lhr nfvgihnth g hssh óroãf buogr
ng frlhi cósi`cg h f d`zhr
d `zhr rhchptçcubf lf l`v`nf.
“ Cgntgr gObór`g l`v`ng à gb`ihntf.
“ Frgr à gb`ihntf.
“ Gigr à gb`ihntf.
“ T`vhr lg ehbhzg à gb`ihntf.
F ól`f h g dhgblglh nutrhi Sgtgnçs h lhstrfhi.
Chrtgs rhdh`ïøhs r`tug`s pflhi shr l`geób`cgs.
G rhdh`ïãf r`tugb kustg thnlh pgrg ui rhtfif ís nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs.
G Hucgr`st`g lfs Cr`stãfs à hssh rhtfif.
F Afihi quh cahog g cfnahchr f prgzhr nhssh névhb pflh gpgogr pfucf g
pfucf g v`lg shxugb h f gb`ihntf pséqu`cf.
F gb`ihntf pséqu`cf à f lg hifïãf: hbh hx`oh quh sh "thnag hstüigof": hbh
igntài hi nós f Afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, f Afihi `lhnt`d`cglf cfi f
gn`igb, quh cfnst`tu` g shbvg quh g`nlg à f iunlf.
F gb`ihntf lf cfrpf à gquhbh quh, nhchssçr`f gf nfssf hstglf prhshnth,
lhvhr`g shr hscfba`lf cfi kusthzg pgrg nãf tfigr phsglf phs glf f bgefrgtór`f lg
Orgnlh Ferg pf`s, fntfbfo`cgihnth, f Afihi thi dfih lh Lhus.
Hbh f trgluz hx`sthnc`gbihnth pfr uig dfih lh dhb`c`lglh, quh uig efg
rhdh`ïãf, g v`lg gdht`vg h shxugb, gss`i cfif tflgs gs `lhfbfo`gs
prfihthlfrgs lf Àlhn, thntgi cfiphnsgr.
\flfs hsshs gsphctfs pflhi shr kustfs ng ihl`lg hi quh sh `nscrhvhi ng
hcfnfi`g lg igrcag auigng pgrg g cfnqu`stg l`v`ng. l `v`ng.
Gf cfntrçr`f, lhstrfhi f Afihi chlf fu tgrlh sh tfigi f buogr l`v`nf.
B`i`tf-ih g cfndhr`r gqu` f quh g shpa`rga Phsfl
P hsfl kç nfs rhvhbfu nf shu
"shorhlf l`v`nf" (-).
"]grg fs ca`nhshs, f hstüigof à f igr lfs béqu`lfs h lfs chrhg`s. À f
rhchptçcubf lfs or`bfs quh hbh rhcheh, cfz`nag h l`ohrh."
Hi tflfs fs pbgnfs, à ui buogr lh igturgïãf h lh hbgefrgïãf.
Sh f hstüigof à f dfrnf lf bgefrgtór`f, sfifs bhvglfs hntãf g phrountgr
qugb à f dfof lhssh bgefrgtór`f.
e) F dfof
F dfof “ Hsa -  “ hstç nf chntrf lg gb`gnïg quh, nf shu pr`ncép`f, unh f
@ncr`glf gf cr`glf.
Ehrhsa`t , pr`ih`rg pgbgvrg lf Oënhs`s, lh quh g trgl`ïãf aherg`cg
s hr b`lg Er`t-Hsa -  , "gb`gnïg lh
l`z quh cfntài tflg g \frga, pflh shr
dfof".
Hssh dfof ign`dhstg-sh hi tflfs fs névh`s lg un`ãf h, lh ignh
ignh`rg
`rg iu`tf
pr`v`bho`glg, nf cfrgïãf lg dfrkg.
Hbh à g própr`g v`lg.
Hbh à f sfprf lf Thref Cr`glfr, f Sfprf lf NFIH, quh à l`str`euélf gtà f
pbgnf cfrpfrgb ng cfie`ngïãf hnhroàt`cg lh cglg ui lfs óroãfs.
Ng dunïãf quh gqu` nfs `nthrhssg, nhssh pbgnf, fs ca`nhshs f cagigi lh
\répb`ch rhgquhchlfr.
 

\répb`ch óroãf lf ûn`cf dfof l`v`nf, nãf thi igthr`gb`lglh cfncrhtg, pf`s à
f i`stàr`f prhshnth, lhthri`ngnth, lg \r`nlglh quh sh dgz dhrrh`rf l`v`nf “ 
fu f "l`v`nf dfrnh`rf".
“ F rhgquhchlfr suprg-uie`b`cgb trgnsdfrig, hbgefrg gs hnhro`gs.
Shpgrg f purf lf `ipurf ("f sut`b lf hsphssf",
hsphss f", l`z f B`vrf lh Ahrihs ng
trgl`ïãf hoépc`g).
“ F rhgquhchlfr sueuie`b`cgb, hsshnc`gbihnth, hb`i`ng fs rhsélufs h
rhshrvg gqu`bf quh lhvh shr nfvgihnth pur`d`cglf.
“ F rhgquhchlfr suphr`fr fu tfrçc`cf l`str`eu` gs hnhro`gs pur`d`cglgs,
gss`i cfif fs sfprfs nhchssçr`fs
nhchs sçr`fs gfs lf`s futrfs rhgquhchlfrhs.
"]urf h `ipurf" sãf gqu` f "rhgb`zglf h f nãf-rhgb`zglf" lgs hnhro`gs lh
quh sfifs thc`lfs.
Gnths lh shrhi cagiglgs pgrg g prfvg lh dfof, hssgs hnhro`gs nãf-
rhgb`zglgs pgrhchi shr ignt`lgs hi rhshrvg ng glhog, hssg thrrg lgs
prfdunlhzgs, quh à f påncrhgs.
Wugnlf sãf pur`d`cglgs, rhgb`zglgs, hbgs sãf hnchbh`rglgs nf déoglf. 

c) F déoglf
F déoglf “ Cgvhl -  “ à ui thrif quh s`on`d`cg tgieài "phsf,
"phs f,
orgv`lglh, r`quhzg, pflhr...".
Hxpr`ih hsshnc`gbihnth
phsglg quh g shlh lfgnt`ogihnth
qugnlf hbg phnhtrgvg ]flhr l`v`nf,ggthnlg
lg Sug
lh Obór`g,
rhun`ãftãf
lfs
aherhus nf S`ng`, nhnaui afihi pfl`g hntrgr nhssh rhc`ntf.
F déoglf à f buogr lf cfrpf fnlh sh hnchbh`rg g buz lf cuipr`lf.
H, qugnlf "tulf sh cuipr`u" (Kf, Q@Q; 3=), f déoglf tfig-sh phsglf lg
r`quhzg lh  h à g Uhssurrh`ïãf, g pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
F thrif Cgvhl -  thi cfif vgbfr 5= + 5 + < 9 54, quh à f nûihrf
sgorglf lh .
Lh vgbfr h pftënc`g `oug`s gfs lf NFIH, f déoglf à cagiglf g hnr`quhchr-
sh cfi f NFIH, g glqu`r`r g tftgb`lglh lgs sugs hnhro`gs.
 F Déoglf (Gro`bg, Iushu lf Bfuvrh: dftf Iushus Ngc`fng`s.)

Wugnlf nãf hncahifs f déoglf cfi hssg hss g r`quhzg, nós f tfigifs phsglf
lh gb`ihntfs dés`cfs fu pséqu`cfs, quh cfnst`tuhi
c fnst`tuhi futrfs tgntfs hntrgvhs
pgrg g sug rhgb`zgïãf.
\flg hifïãf; cóbhrg, ihlf, c`ûih, htc., nfs bhvg g "rfhr f déoglf".
Khkuhifs h frhifs, h g Obór`g l`v`ng phnhtrgrç.
F khkui, shkg hbh lg gb`ihntgïãf dés`cg fu lf phnsgihntf, lhvh shr
`iphrgt`vgihnth gcfipgnaglf lg frgïãf: shnãf hbh pflh ger`r f déoglf í
`nvgsãf lgs dfrïgs hsp`r`tug`s l`geób`cgs, hnqugntf nhi tulf t`vhr s`lf
rhgb`zglf h hnqugntf Sgtgnçs g`nlg dfr f shnafr hi gboui buogr.
"Hntãf g sfrth lhssh afihi à g`nlg p`fr quh g quh hbh cfnahc`g
gnthr`frihnth" (Bc, Q@; 58-54).
Sferhcgrrhogr f nfssf ps`qu`sif phsglf cfi gs prhfcupgïøhs fu cfi gs
phngs “ gss`i cfif cfi gs gbhor`gs! “, ís qug`s lgifs f phsf quh
lhvhr`g shr lglf í buz l`v`ng, à dhcagr g pfrtg g hssg buz h nãf lgr
nhnauig pfss`e`b`lglh lh trgnsiutgïãf pgrg gs hnhro`gs, quh gss`i sãf
pfstgs hi kfof.
"F ihu kuof à lfch h f ihu dgrlf, bhvh" (It, Q@;3=), l`z Cr`stf, pf`s g ig`s
lurg prfvgïãf cgrrhog hi s`, ng phrsphct`vg lhssg trgnsdfrigïãf, f shu
phsf lh rhgb`zgïãf.
\flg lfhnïg cgrrhog hi s` f shu
s hu ohrih lh curg.
Nf `néc`f, hbg à uig hnhro`g phrvhrt`lg quh phlh pgrg shr cfnvhrt`lg hi
buz: nfssg ihl`c`ng fc`lhntgb só euscg g curg nf hxthr`fr lf Afihi.
Gs ihl`c`ngs quh fehlhchi í \rgl`ïãf,
\ rgl`ïãf, hntrh gs qug`s g gcupunturg
ca`nhsg, h quh rhpøhi hi buogr agrifn`fsf gs hnhro`gs lhsfrogn`zglgs,
nãf gphngs euscgi g curg nf Afihi, igs bhvgi-nf g `nthrrfogr-sh sferh
g b`nougohi lg sug lfhnïg.
Só f própr`f lfhnth, trgegbagnlf cfi f "Dhrrh`rf l`v`nf" nhssh trgegbaf lh
rhgb`zgïãf, goh cfi tftgb kusthzg h pbhn`tulh lh hd`cçc`g.
hd`cçc `g.
À prhc`sf hntãf quh hbh lhsïg gf nãf-rhgb`zglf, nhssg pgrth fescurg lhbh
ihsif quh cgrrhog sug rhgb`lglh s`ieób`cg gtà lhntrf lf déoglf h lf egïf.
Gnths lh dgbgr lf pgphb lhsshs óroãfs, hu ofstgr`g lh `ns`st`r nf gsphctf
"buz" lg vfcgïãf lf déoglf.

Hnchbh`rgnlf f nãf-rhgb`zglf, rhtfiglgs gs hnhro`gs nf póbf \fv-buz lg

Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf, f déoglf pgrt`c`pg lf Cfnahc`ihntf: hbh thi
pflhr lh v`sãf.
\frng-sh shlh lh uig nfvg `nthb`oënc`g sferh fs gcfnthc`ihntfs, lh uig
nfvg sgehlfr`g sferh gs lhc`søhs g shrhi tfiglgs.
Hssh pflhr hrg cfnahc`lf lg Gnt`oò`lglh; b`g-sh hntãf f duturf nf déoglf
lfs gn`ig`s.
F déoglf (lf bgt`i d`cus, "d`ouh`rg") thi chrtgihnth uig gngbfo`g cfi hssg
çrvfrh.
G d`ouh`rg gpgrhch iu`tgs vhzhs nfs nfssfs thxtfs eéeb`cfs, igs, pfr trës
vhzhs, hi c`rcunstånc`gs quh vãf gcbgrgr hssh gssuntf;

“ Nf Oënhs`s, lhpf`s lg quhlg, Glãf h Hvg "cfshi uig dfbag lh d`ouh`rg h
cfi hbg dgzhi c`ntfs pgrg s`" (On, @@@; ?).
F vhrsécubf pflh iu`tf ehi shr b`lf gss`i;
gss `i; "Dgzhi crhschr uig hscgbglg
lh lhshkf h dgzhi pgrg s` (trgegbagi pgrg s` ihsifs, h nãf ig`s pgrg
Lhus) hxthr`frhs g hbhs".
]f`s g ihsig pgbgvrg aherg`cg ‑\hhiga‐  lhs`ong
 lhs`ong g "d`ouh`rg" h f "lhshkf":
"lhsh kf":
 g ihsig pgbgvrg Gbha lhs`ong g "dfbag" h g "hscgbglg".

G pgbgvrg "c`ntfs" “ Agofrfta -  “ à hntãf pfstg hi gpfs`ïãf g

"hbhs", Glãf h Hvg, h qugb`d`cg f rhtfrnf quh f Afihi cfnahch lhpf`s lg
quhlg, lh quh dgbgifs h lh quh thrhifs lh dgbgr nfvgihnth g rhsph`tf lg
"cgrnh" “ Egsgr.
F Afihi tfrng-sh "hstrgnaf" g s` ihsif, lg rg`z Ouhr -  quh hstç nf
chntrf lf thrif "c`ntf". 

“ Nfs Hvgnohbafs; "Cr`stf thi dfih. ]hrcheh gf bfnoh uig drfnlfsg

d`ouh`rg. Hbh vg` vhr sh gé hncfntrg gbouig cf`sg, igs só hncfntrg dfbags.
Nãf hrg thipf lfs d`ofs. Hntãf, HbhH bh l`z í d`ouh`rg; Wuh n`nouài nuncg
cfig lf thu drutf. H g d`ouh`rg bfof shcfu gtà gs rgézhs’  (Ic,
 (Ic, Q@;75 h 5=).
S`iefb`zgnlf g d`ouh`rg f lhshkf, h gs dfbags f `ipubsf lf lhshkf, shu drutf
à g sug rhgb`zgïãf.
Gquhbh quh nãf `ipubs`fng f shu lhshkf pgrg Lhus, igs pgrg f iunlf,
fehlhch í bh` lgs hstgïøhs; "Hnqugntf afuvhr l`gs (thipfs), g shihglurg
h g ihssh, f vhrãf h f `nvhrnf nãf chssgrãf", prfihthu Lhus g Nfà.
F quh nãf `ipubs`fng f shu lhshkf
lhs hkf pgrg Lhus lç f shu drutf hi qugbquhr
hstgïãf.
Lhus igbl`z g d`ouh`rg lf iunlf.

“ Cr`stf cfipgrg, hnd`i, fs gcfnthc`ihntfs lf d`i lfs thipfs “ fu d`i

lfs l`gs “ í hvfbuïãf lg d`ouh`rg;
d `ouh`rg; "Wugnlf hbg cfihïg g lhsgerfcagr,
cfnahch`s quh hstç phrtf f hst`f. Gss`i tgieài, qugnlf v`rlhs quh
gcfnthchi hssgs cf`sgs, sgeh`s quh hstç próx`if f rh`nf lh Lhus"
(Bc, QQ@;3= h 37).
Ng cfndbuënc`g lhssgs trës ngrrgt`vgs, g d`ouh`rg gpgrhch b`oglg
fntfbfo`cgihnth gf lhshkf quh f Afihi thi lf Hspfsf l`v`nf, h,
pfrtgntf, í sug rhgb`zgïãf nf Pfl. 
F s`iefb`sif lf déoglf-d`cus-d`ouh`rg hncfntrg gé sug cfnd`rigïãf;
c fnd`rigïãf; à f buogr
lg sue`lg lgs hnhro`gs; hnhro`gs pséqu`cgs, h à g "igbl`ïãf", hnhro`gs
fntfbóo`cgs “ lhshkf, gifr lh Lhus “: h f déoglf lç f shu drutf \fv,
rhgb`zgïãf.
Wugnlf
Hntrh fs tulf hstç rhgb`zglf,
ca`nhshs, f déoglf à ff Pfl ngsch.
"hsculf quh shrvh pgrg prfthohr": hbh sh b`og
nhssh shnt`lf í bhtrg aherg`cg \hta , cukf orgd`sif à f lh ui hsculf
lhshnaglf pfr uig shrphnth quh ifrlh g própr`g cgulg.
Hssg bhtrg s`iefb`zg gs hnhro`gs rhgb`zglgs, "hsculglgs".
\hi cfif vgbfr f 0, séiefbf lg phrdh`ïãf, h prhs`lh g pgbgvrg \fv .
F \hta - , 0, prhchlhnlf f Pfl - , 7=, à f hsculf l`gnth lg Hspglg

l) G vhsécubg e`b`gr
F déoglf, óroãf thsfurf hntrh fs ca`nhshs, trgnsi`th shus hu pflhr "buz" gf shu
óroãf fd`c`ng, g vhsécubg e`b`gr quh, trgl`c`fngbihnth, à shlh lf
l`schrn`ihntf.
Ngs phrsphct`vgs lgqu`bf quh fs ca`nhshs cagigi gs sh`s "hntrgnags
cur`fsgs"
Hnqugntf lh quh
hssh dgbh` gnthr`frihnth,
ûbt`if, g vhsécubg
nf névhb lf tr`ånoubf d gz pgr
dgz
`ndhr`fr, cfi f ûthrf.
à "`nvóbucrf lh çoug",
 

g vhsécubg e`b`gr “ nf névhb lf tr`ånoubf lg Dfrkg “ à "`nvóbucrf lh dfof".

Hbg cfntài f dfof l`v`nf!
Wugnlf Cr`stf hstç ngs çougs lf egt`sif, f dfof l`v`nf lhsch; "F càu sh
gerh, f Hspér`tf Sgntf lhsch sferh Hbh sfe s fe g dfrig lh uig pfieg h lf càu
vhi uig vfz; \u às f ihu d`baf ehi-giglf, thns tflg g i`nag
ehnhvfbënc`g" (Bc, 777;55).
G \r`nlglh l`v`ng ign`dhstg-Sh, lhs`ongnlf Gquhbh quh, lgé hi l`gnth, `rç
egt`zgr nãf ig`s cfi çoug, igs cfi dfof.
G vhsécubg e`b`gr à g igtr`z
ig tr`z lhssh hstço`f: hsshnc`gbihnth, hbg à f gbtf buogr
lf egt`sif lh dfof.
Fs ca`nhshs cagigi-ng lh "rht`lãf ihl`gng".
Hbg thi g dunïãf lh çre`trf;
ç re`trf; lhc`lh h kubog.
\flgs gs futrgs dunïøhs fehlhchi g hbg: hbg gssuih g rhspfns rhspfnsge`b`lglh
ge`b`lglh
l`ssf.
Hbg à f cgi`naf lf "Kustf Ih`f".
Cfiprhhnlh-sh g `ipfrtånc`g quh rhvhsth hssh óroãf ng rho`ãf lf "@ipàr`f "@ ipàr`f
lf Kustf Ih`f".
Hntrh fs aherhus, à cfi g eéb`s
e éb`s h f déoglf lf orgnlh ph`xh lgs prfdunlhzgs
p rfdunlhzgs
quh \fe`gs curgrç fs fbafs lh shu pg`.'
G ig`fr pgrth lgs nfssgs lfhnïgs lf déoglf fu lg vhsécubg e`b`gr vhi
chrtgihnth lh uig rhcusg lh gé "vhr cbgrf", rhcusg lh l`schrn`ihntf,
rhcusg lh rht`lãf prfdunlg quh, gqu`, nãf l`z rhsph`tf ig`s g uig v`rtulh
ifrgb, igs í euscg lf cgi`naf lf "I`" hx`o`nlf f egt`sif lh dfof.
Hssg rhcusg só pflh gcgrrhtgr ui ebfquh`f ís tfiglgs lh lhc`søhs kustgs.
Hbg tfrng gs s`tugïøhs phsglgs.
\frng-sh cglg vhz ig`s hv`lhnth quh, pgrg vhr g buz, à prhc`sf gnths lhschr
ís prfdunlhzgs lg \hrrg quh hncferh gs sugs hnhro`gs.
@ssf sh tfig pfssévhb phbg hxphr`ënc`g lf "pr`ncép`f lg buz" v`v`lg nf névhb
lf \agefr-uie`of. 
]grhch quh f egïf à f óroãf lg \hrrg h quh f påncrhgs à f lgs hnhro`gs
quh gé sãf lhpfs`tglgs í hsphrg lh rhgb`zgïãf.

h) F påncrhgs
F nfih lf påncrhgs shiprh ih df` cfbfcglf cfif uig `nthrrfogïãf.
Sug rg`z orhog, "tflg cgrnh", cfntài
c fntài chrtgihnth g sug d`ngb`lglh.
Wugb à hbg6
Nglg ig`s cfndusf lf quh hssh nfih "cgrnh".
Lhs`ongnlf frg f cfrpf “ g "ferg lh cgrnh" ig`s lhscfns`lhrglg nãf à
gprhshntglg cfif shnlf f própr`f fekhtf lg quhlg fr`o`ngb6 “, frg g gbig
pséqu`cg (h g b`nougohi pgub`n`gng nhssh shnt`lf
s hnt`lf à l`déc`b lh hscrutgr), hbh
shiprh sh fpøh gf hspér`tf fu í gbig
g big hsp`r`tugb.
G cgrnh b`oglg í igtàr`g tfrng-sh, hntãf, f hqu`vgbhnth lf igb quh dfoh, gf
pgssf quh f hspér`tf, lh quh sh hsquhch, nhsth cfnthxtf, quh hbh pflh shr
l`geób`cf, à f ehi quh lhvh shr euscglf.
À hv`lhnth quh hssg gchpïãf lf thrif cgrnh à dgbsg.
Igs f quh à hxgtgihnth6
]grhchi-ih `nl`sphnsçvhb vfbtgr í sug fr`ohi.
Sh quhst`fngifs g ht`ifbfo`g orhog ‑jràgs‐ , cfnstgtgifs quh g rg`z à g

 ‑ihsig
jrgtfs‐ ,quh g lh ‑jrh
g dfrïg: æfn‐ lh
hnd`i, , f ‑jrhæfussg
cahdh sfehrgnf: lh ‑jrhæssfn‐ , f ihbafr: lh
‐ , g rg`nag.
 

Bhiergif-nfs lh quh g cfbung dhi`n`ng lg Çrvfrh lgs Shpa`rfta à

prhs`l`lg pfr E`nga, g @nthb`oënc`g, cagiglg "iãh l`v`ng", h quh hbg
tgieài à cagiglg cfbung lh U`ofr fu lh Dfrïg.
Í buz orhog, g "cgrnh" pgrhch hstgr b`oglg gf dhi`n`nf nf quh aç lh
"ihbafr", lh ig`s "dfrth" h lh "rhgb".
G trgl`ïãf aherg`cg vhi cfnd`rigr-nfs `ssf.
Egsgr -  à g "cgrnh", thrif quh sh pflhr`g bhr tgieài -  "nf

pr`nc`p`glf".  
Igs à gnths lh tulf g bhtrg  quh, nf cfrgïãf lh , `ipøh-sh gqu`: hbg à
tfiglg ng rg`z Egr - , g lg "gb`gnïg lh dfof" lh quh gcgegifs lh dgbgr;
f thrif Ehrhsa`t -  pflh shr b`lf cfif f gergïf lgs sugs lugs
pr`ih`rgs bhtrgs lhshnvfbv`lgs  () h  ().
Egsgr à, pf`s, f Sa`n  lf Ehrhsa`t.
G bhtrg , phlrg sgorglg lgs prfdunlhzgs, lhtài
l htài f Sahi, f shorhlf lf
NFIH, g Dfrïg h g Uhgbhzg.
Í buz aherg`cg, g "cgrnh" “ Egsgr “ à f buogr lf ûbt`if cgsgihntf lf
Afihi cfns`of ihsif ng sug rhgbhzg glqu`r`lg,
gl qu`r`lg, cgsgihntf cukf ûbt`if
drutf à AgSahi, F NFIH.
hspfs f lhssh cgsgihntf `nthr`fr @sa  h g
G trgl`ïãf aherg`cg cagig f hspfsf
sug hspfsg @sag .
Bhierhifs quh, qugnlf Lhus lhscferh f dhi`n`nf lh Glãf h quh
Hbh (-Hbfa`i) "shbg g cgrnh ng prfdunlhzg" (On, 77;57), f thrif
prfdunlhzg “ \gathnga -   “ gprhshntg hsshnc`gbihnth g rg`z
Agtfunga - , quh à g lf "cgsgihntf".
G cgrnh shbglg ng prfdunlhzg, à, pf`s, g thrrg cfi g qugb Glãf lhvh
rhgb`zgr g ûbt`ig gb`gnïg, cukf drutf à f Sahi .
Ç cgrnh à f buogr lg rhgb`zgïãf
r hgb`zgïãf tftgb, f buogr lg un`ãf ig`s ént`ig cfi
Lhus.
G cgrnh, fntfbfo`cgihnth, à f gcih lf ahró`.
Lhpf`s lg quhlg, hssg pfthnc`gb`lglh hrót`cg à lhsvhnlglg, lhpfrtglg pgrg
f hxthr`fr lh Glãf, ift`vgnlf tflgs gs sugs sug s rhbgïøhs “ nãf ig`s cfns`of
ihsif nhi cfi Lhus nhbh “, igs cfi f iunlf h tflfs fs hbhihntfs lf
iunlf.
À hntãf quh g cgrnh "lhrrueglg" tfrng-sh g v`lg pséqu`cg, hrót`cg h
pgss`fngb lf Afihi.
\fig-sh, nhssh shnt`lf, dfnth lh tflfs fs igbhs, igs cgrrhog hi s`
tgieài f ohrih lh tflgs gs curgs, f pflhr lh rhcfnvhrsãf pgrg g
rhgb`zgïãf lf Afihi.
À pfr `ssf quh, nf thipf lh Nfà, thipf prftót`pf lgquhbh hi quh fs
afihns hstãf nf çp`ch lf hsquhc`ihntf lg sug fntfbfo`g, igs hi quh,
cfntulf, g cfnsc`ënc`g crhschu ng b`nagohi lfs ]gtr`grcgs gtà Nfà, Lhus
l`z. "F d`i lh tflg cgrnh
cg rnh cahofu l`gnth lh i`i" (On, T@;73).
"L`gnth lh i`i" s`on`d`cg f névhb fntfbóo`cf.
"\flg cgrnh" “ Jfb Egsgr -   hi aherg`cf “ à f ]gn-Jràgs orhof!
H`s quh "tflg cgrnh" hstç ife`b`zglg pfr LhusL hus pgrg hntrgr ng sug
rhgb`zgïãf.
Nhssh orgnlh cfrpf auignf “ cfrpf cósi`cf “ quh à f lh Glãf, tulf f
quh thi v`lg à pfstf í prfvg: pflhrégifs trgluz`r; f påncrhgs glåi`cf à
 ife`b`zglf pgrg quh sugs hnhro`gs sh cuiprgi.
c uiprgi.

Hi tflfs nós, tflg prfvg gt`noh f påncrhgs pgrg quh hbh b`ehrh uig sfig
lh hnhro`gs nhchssçr`gs pgrg g rhgb`zgïãf prfpfstg.
Hssg shrç g nfssg
nfss g qugb`lglh hrót`cg “ nf vhrlglh`rf shnt`lf lf thrif,
`nl`ssfc`çvhb lf gifr “ quh ohrgrç g rhgb`zgïãf fu lhthri`ngrç f shu
cfntrçr`f, g lfhnïg.
G cfnd`rigïãf ig`s gbhorh lf quh f thrif cgrnh “ Egsgr -  “ nfs

Egsfrga - ,pfr
rhvhbg à trgz`lg hstg futrg pgbgvrg
g "efg-nfvg", quh thi g ihsig rg`z;
f "hvgnohbaf".
G efg-nfvg à vhrlglh`rgihnth g chrthzg lh quh g rhgb`zgïãf lg cgrnh, ng
sug tftgb`lglh, sh tfifu pfssévhb, h quh tflg lfhnïg à curglg.
G Kfãf Egt`stg quh, nf dunlf lg sug pr`sãf, ng vàsphrg lh shr lhcgp`tglf,
sh gprhshntg ng pfrtg lg sug ûbt`ig thrrg h dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lf nãf-
cfnahc`ihntf gesfbutf, -Cr`stf dgz sgehr quh; "fs chofs vëhi, fs
cfxfs gnlgi, fs bhprfsfs sãf curglfs, fs surlfs fuvhi, fs ifrtfs
rhssusc`tgi h fs pferhs rhchehi g 'efg-nfvg' (Bc, T@@; 55).
Kfãf Egt`stg hncfntrg-sh hntãf ng prfdunlhzg lgs trhvgs lg ûbt`ig thrrg, g
ûbt`ig cgrnh.
S`iefb`cgihnth, hstç nf cfrgïãf lf shu påncrhgs, óroãf quh sh gerh pgrg
hbh pgrg b`ehrgr g efg-nfvg, f shu Cr`stf `nthr`fr.
F påncrhgs shcrhtg f sucf `nl`sphnsçvhb í l`ohstãf, `stf à, gf trgegbaf lg
dfrkg.
Dger`cg g `nsub`ng, gohnth dunlgihntgb lf ihtgefb`sif lfs gïûcgrhs.
Sãf fs gïûcgrhs quh pgrhchi s`iefb`zgr gs hnhro`gs pgssgnlf lf nãf-
rhgb`zglf nf påncrhgs pgrg f rhgb`zglf nf déoglf, cukg dunïãf ob`cfoën`cg
cfncrht`zg g vfcgïãf ig`s sut`b.

d) F egïf
F påncrhgs à `nshpgrçvhb lf egïf, óroãf cukf
c ukf nfih hi drgncës à lfs ig`s
hn`oiçt`cfs qugntf í sug ht`ifbfo`g.
Igs f drgncës rgth nãf à s`ipbhsihnth f nfih lg dëihg lf rgtf, sséiefbf
éiefbf
lg @nthb`oënc`g hntrh fs a`nlus, gf pgssf quh Ognhsag, f hbhdgnth quh
ifntg f rgtf, à séiefbf lh Sgehlfr`g6
Séiefbf tgieài lf `ncfnsc`hnth, `stf à, lh "tflg cgrnh" nãf-rhgb`zglg. 
Hssgs lugs hnhro`gs, @nthb`oënc`g h Sgehlfr`g, gs ig`s gbtgs lg Çrvfrh lgs
Shpa`rfta, gs quh gerhi pgrg Jhtahr (g Cfrfg) dfrigi g egsh lf tr`ånoubf
suphr`fr: hbgs lhthri`ngi g qugb`lglh lh cglg uig lgs nfvgs cgehïgs quh,
s`iefb`cgihnth, f Afihi à cagiglf g cfbfcgr
cfbfcg r sferh fs fierfs.
Lh dgtf, í ihl`lg quh @sa lhschr pgrg @sag ngs sugs prfdunlhzgs, nfvfs
cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g sh ger`rãf nf Afihi.
@nthb`oënc`g h Sgehlfr`g, cfbfcglgs ng Buz, `ipb`cgi g b`ehrgïãf lgs
hnhro`gs quh cfrrhspfnlhi g hbgs ngs trhvgs h `ipb`cgi g pur`d`cgïãf phbf
dfof.
Nhssgs prfdunlhzgs dhi`n`ngs quh igntëi shbglgs dfrïg h rhgbhzg cfi f
NFIH, f buogr quh unh f egïf í `nthb`oënc`g nfs cfnv`lg g un`r f påncrhgs
í Sgehlfr`g-hbhdgnth.
Ng s`ieób`cg kulhf-cr`stã, g "tflg cgrnh", fu g tftgb`lglh lgs hnhro`gs, à
s`iefb`zglg phbg Shrphnth-Sgehlfr`g quh Cr`stf `lhnt`d`cg cfi g Grvfrh lg
Cruz, g Çrvfrh lg lugb`lglh, tfignlf-sh phbg sug ifrth-rhssurrh`ïãf
Çrvfrh lg T`lg.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, hsshs lf`s óroãfs, egïf h påncrhgs, sãf fs lgs
 prfdunlhzgs lg thrrg, cukg b`nougohi gbquéi`cg tgieài dgbg, hnqugntf hbh

lç hstg frlhi; "T`s`tg @nthr`frg \hrrgh Uhct`d`cgnlf @nvhnhs Fr`s Bgp`lhi.

F T@\U@FBF b`oglf gf gbhntf à f cfrpf lgs prfdunlhzgs lfs @ndhrnfs.
F Egïf “  ‑‑spbhn‐  hi
 hi orhof “ lç g pgbgvrg `nobhsg spbhhn, quh lhs`ong ui
hstglf iu`tf lhprhss`vf, g a`pfcfnlr`g lfs Gnt`ofs!
F quh à cur`fsf à quh g rg`z aherg`cg Uhtht - , quh lhs`ong f thrrfr, à
tgieài ui lfs nfihs lf påncrhgs.

íNãf aç lûv`lg
lhsc`lg gbouiggfs
nhchssçr`g lh @ndhrnfs
quh hsshs
hss hs lf`s
quh óroãfs `nl`ssfc`çvh`s
hncferhi hstãf b`oglfs
g gthrrglfrg hnhro`g lf
NFIH.
\flf shr quh dgz uig hxphr`ënc`g lh lhsc`lg ís prfdunlhzgs “ vgifs
hstulgr hssg hxphr`ënc`g cfi g lh Kfe “ h quh nãf thi g `nthb`oënc`g-
sgehlfr`g lgqu`bf quh bah gcfnthch, hncfntrg-sh nui hstglf quh pflh `r
gtà f thrrfr, h ihsif gtà g ifrth.
F usf lh chrtgs tàcn`cgs cfrpfrg`s, f usf lh chrtgs lrfogs, sãf, nhssh
shnt`lf, "l`geób`cgs": hbgs shpgrgi hi vhz lh rhun`d`cgr f shr.
Hbgs rhcfnluzhi f hrrf lh Glãf gf Àlhn, bhvgnlf-f gtà f shu nûcbhf gnths
quh hbh thnag s`lf gt`no`lf.
Sh hssh hstglf pgtfbóo`cf à gngb`sglf hi cgthofr`gs dés`cgs h sh g
`nthb`oënc`g quh sh cfbfcg sferh hbh nãf shs h rhdhrh gfs vgbfrhs fntfbóo`cfs,
nãf sh pflh rhsfbvhr f prfebhig quh hbh gprhshntg.
\gieài g ihl`c`ng
qu`i`fthrgp`g ps`qu`çtr`cg
pgrg `bul`r gtugb, g`nlg gonóst`cg, só pflh usgr g
f prfebhig.
Só g gnt`ps`qu`gtr`g pgrhch gt`no`r uig nfvg `nthb`oënc`g quh nãf hipurrfu
g`nlg g pfrtg lf fntfbóo`cf.
F egïf só hstç b`oglf gfs hstglfs dés`cfs pfrquh f hstç gf fntfbóo`cf.
Hstç b`oglf gf fntfbóo`cf phbf i`stàr`f lf sgnouh!
F egïf à f chi`tàr`f lfs obóeubfs vhrihbafs.
Thrlglh`rf kgz`of lh dhrrf, cfnluz hssh ihtgb í sug pur`d`cgïãf h í sug
trgnsiutgïãf hi prgtg, nfvg `nthb`oënc`g lf "hu" trgnsiutglf.
F pgphb lfs obóeubfs ergncfs, quh hbh tgieài
tgi eài prfluz, cfntr`eu` pgrg hssg
trgnsdfrigïãf.
Hnd`i, g dger`cgïãf lg e`b`s g pgrt`r lfs lhtr`tfs sgnouénhfs hntrg nf pgctf
lf "hu" nfvf h lg sug nfvg v`sãf.
F egïf, shlh lg trgnsiutgïãf lf "hu", nãf shr`g tgieài f lg rhoubgïãf lf
"hu"6
Hbh rhtài ngs sugs igbags fs obóeubfs vhrihbafs, quh sãf hi nûihrf
lhigs`glf orgnlh nf frogn`sif, pgrg rhl`str`eué-bfs nf thipf glhquglf.
G "pfntglg" tgbvhz nãf shkg hstrgnag g ui `ncagïãf lf "hu".
G hxprhssãf pfpubgr drgnchsg "cfur`r
"c fur`r cfiih un làrgtà" ("cfrrhr cfif ui
lf`lf Zshi egïfY") hxpr`i`r`g ehi hssh "dfrg lh ihl`lg", h ihsif g
phrgieubgïãf lh ui shr quh nãf thi ig`s rhdhrënc`g-thrrg.
Igs vgifs gl`gnth.

F egïf, b`oglf gf fntfbóo`cf phbf i`stàr`f lf sgnouh

s gnouh h chi`tàr`f lfs
obóeubfs vhrihbafs, cfipbhihntg g ihlubg ósshg quh, cfif v`ifs, à f
ehrïf lfs obóeubfs vhrihbafs.
G ihlubg, bhierhif-nfs, "sut`b`zg" f  lh  Glãf pgrg quh f Pfl shkg,
pgrg quh f "hu" kfouh f kfof quh bah à própr`f.
]flh-sh phnsgr quh f egïf quh, pfr sug
s ug vhz, fer`og f "hu" g uig
ui g ifrth,
cfntr`eu` pgrg g rhcfnqu`stg lf .
 F egïf à óroãf-thrrg.

Fer`og g ui rhtfrnf í \hrrg, g thrrgs nfvgs

nfvg s h shiprh ig`s prfdunlgs.
Fer`og g rfip`ihntfs lfbfrfsfs.
À nhssh shnt`lf quh fs ca`nhshs l`zhi quh "hbh à f trfvãf, à f s`sif".
s `sif".
Hbhs l`zhi tgieài quh à f "ofnof",
" ofnof", f quh rhûnh fs céiegbfs aherg`cfs,
\s`btsgb`i, pgbgvrg dh`tg lg lupbg rg`z \sgb - ; g "sfierg".
Fs céiegbfs, cfif f ofnof, rhssfgi ngs prfdunlhzgs lg sfierg lg
sfierg,
lgs `stf à, pgrt`c`pgi
prfdunlhzgs lg ihsig
lg \hrrg-Iãh qugb`lglh
quh cfntài v`ergtór`g, hnhroàt`cg; g
f NFIH.
À pfr `ssf quh f egïf hstç hi rhbgïãf ént`ig cfi f cchntrf
hntrf lf Afihi hi
quh f "hu" sh tfrng f Pfl.
F egïf trgnsdfrig f "hu" ngs sugs iutgïøhs pgrg f Pfl h trgnspfrtg gf
déoglf sugs hnhro`gs rhgb`zglgs.
F déoglf rhvhbg-sh, pf`s, cfif f buogr pr`v`bho`glf lh prhpgrgïãf nupc`gb, g
lf Afihi tfrngnlf-sh  nf shu hncfntrf cfi Hbfa`i.
F déoglf nãf à, hntãf, f buogr lf rhtfif obfr`fsf lf Hspfsf !
Cgvhl -  “ f déoglf “ à tgieài g Obór`g.

o) F cfrgïãf
F chntrf lg dfrkg nãf shr`g tgntf f cfrgïãf-óroãf
cfrgïã f-óroãf qugntf gquhbh ehi
cfnahc`lf lg trgl`ïãf cr`stã, f cfrgïãf-chntrf,
cfrgïãf-c hntrf, g cukg hscutg f gpóstfbf
Kfãf Hvgnohb`stg vhi cfbfcgr-sh.
F gpóstfbf lg "efg-nfvg" “ Egsfrga “ gquhbh cukg dhstg à chbherglg nf
sfbstéc`f lh `nvhrnf, nf névhb lg "]frtg lfs lhushs", só pflh thr fuv`lf
egthr f cfrgïãf lf ]g`. 
Ng nf`th lg Sgntg Ch`g, hnqugntf Cr`stf lhs`ong gquhbh quh vg` vg ` b`ehrtç-Bf,
Kfãf, f Ehi-giglf, lhpøh sug cgehïg nf ph`tf l‐ Gquhbh Gquhbh quh, pfrquh hbh F
gig, vg` ifrrhr.
Kulgs h Kfãf sãf g sfierg h g buz.
Hxhcutgi gs frlhns lf ]g`.
Sãf fs lf`s bglfs lf cfrgïãf-óroãf;
c frgïãf-óroãf; Kulgs, cfrgïãf l`rh`tf-sfierg, Kfãf,
cfrgïãf hsquhrlf-buz.
Fs lfzh gpóstfbfs sãf f gpgrhbaf c`rcubgtór`f
c `rcubgtór`f cfipbhtf.
Hnv`glfs g tflg g \hrrg pgrg hns`ngr
hns `ngr h egt`zgr gs ngïøhs lhpf`s quh f
Hspér`tf Sgntf fs t`vhr v`s`tglf, sãf f sgnouh nfvf, fx`ohnglf, quh fs
pubiøhs cgrrhogrgi lh v`lg h quh vg` l`str`eu`r
l `str`eu`r g v`lg ng tftgb`lglh lf
cfrpf.
Nãf à ig`s prhc`sf cfndunl`r f cfrgïãf-chntrf
cfrgïãf -chntrf h f cfrgïãf-óroãf shnãf nf
névhb lg l`v`ng \r`nlglh lfs i`stàr`fs cr`stãfs, f ]g` “ g dfnth lh tflg v`lg
“ h Cr`stf “ D`baf lf ]g`, chrcglf lfs shus lfzh gpóstfbfs.
Hntrh hsshs ûbt`ifs, Cr`stf à f làc`if thrch`rf h f pr`ih`rf.
Hagl - , f nûihrf XI, thi cfif vgbfr 7 + 1 + < 9 73, lg ihsig
dfrig quh Gagvga -  7 + 8 + 5 + 8, quh à f "gifr".
Nf cfrgïãf lgs lfzh vàrthergs lfrsg`s, \`pahrhta
\ `pahrhta (Ehbhzg-Gifr) à g
un`lglh `nd`n`tg lh Lhus, g lhsbuiergnth igon`d`cënc`g
igon`d `cënc`g lf Hspfsf quh vhi
gf hncfntrf lg Hspfsg, nui ûbt`if frogsif, nuig ûbt`ig ifrth.
Zvhr vhrsfs ng pço`ng shou`nthY
 

 
F gifr phnhtrg gtà g fr`ohi lh tulf.
G ifrth pgrt`bag f ehrïf lf ngsc`ihntf.
F gifr quh nãf gch`tg g ifrth nãf à f gifr. 

Wugnlf Khrhi`gs gphbg pgrg g c`rcunc`sãf lfl f cfrgïãf; "rht`rg` fs prhpûc`fs

lfs vfssfs cfrgïøhs" (@T;<), hbh gphbg
gph bg pgrg ifrrhr pgrg f gifr hifc`fngb
h shnt`ihntgb quh nãf df` v`s`tglf pfr nhnauig `nthb`oënc`g l`v`ng.
Hbh cfnv`lg g rhssusc`tgr f gifr l`v`nf
l `v`nf “ U`ofr h I`shr`córl`g “ quh dgz
hntrgr gquhbh quh f gt`noh ng l`ihnsãf lh hspfsg.
Hstg tfrng-sh,
h g gbturg hntãf,
lf gifr lh cgpgz
Cr`stf"lh(]gubf,
ihl`r Hd,
"g bgrourg,
777;71),glGquhbh
hxthnsãf,
quhg prfdunl`lglh
Sh dhz g
própr`g ifrth pfrquh Hbh à f própr`f gifr.
\hnlf lhsc`lf gfs @ndhrnfs, rht`rfu fs prhpûc`fs lg auign`lglh, g d`i lh
quh hbg rhssusc`th cfi Hbh, Hspfsg. Hbh à  AgSahi, f NFIH quh lhschu
pgrg b`ehrtgr tflfs fs NFIHS.
F cfrgïãf-chntrf `nv`sévhb, shnafr h fr`ohi lh tulf, à f , écfnh lf ]g`.
F cfrgïãf-óroãf cruc`dfrih, buogr lh ifrth-rhssurrh`ïãf, à f  Pfl, écfnh
lf D`baf.
G "cruz" “ \shbhv -  “ à f "grpãf " nf "cfrgïãf ".
]grhch quh f cfrgïãf à pgrg f cfrpf `nth`rf f quh à pgrg f sgnouh f shu
obóeubf vhrihbaf, cukf nûcbhf lhsgpgrhch.
F cfrgïãf-chntrf à hssh nûcbhf-Gbhpa: f cfrgïãf-óroãf, g càbubg
c àbubg Pfl.
F  rht`rg-sh, f Pfl à: f Afihi tfig-sh f shu NFIH h à grpfglf pfr

Hbfa`i-]g`.
 Gss`i, egth f cfrgïãf lf iunlf nf i`stàr`f lh ui ûn`cf h iûbt`pbf
Sageegt.

Fs ca`nhshs, ig`s uig vhz, cfnd`rigi hssg v`sãf l`zhnlf quh f cfrgïãf-
chntrf à "f sfehrgnf, f `iphrglfr, f shnafr quh lhtài g gutfr`lglh. Hbh à
dfnth lh v`lg, dfnth lh buz, Sfb lf Afihi. F cfrgïãf-óroãf à f shu
i`n`strf lh Hstglf, f hieg`xglfr quh hxhcutg gs sugs frlhns". 
frlhns". 
Cfiprhhnlhifs, hntãf, pfr quh f Sfb l`v`nf lhsgpgrhch h f shu
ihnsgoh`rf nãf trgz ig`s g "efg-nfvg", f cfrgïãf-óroãf nãf `rrgl`g ig`s
shnãf gbhor`gs dgbgc`fsgs, rg`fs dgctéc`fs, gbhor`gs lh quh ehi sh sgeh thrhi
lg tr`sthzg f gnthofstf gigrof...
Chlh bfof buogr gfs cgrlfs h gfs hsp`nafs lf egïf-Glgiga.
Gssgss`nglf, hbh ifrrh lh uig ifrth shi rhssurrh`ïãf.
F cfrgïãf-gifr l`v`nf dgz ifrrhr lh uig ifrth-rhssurrh`ïãf.

a) F pubiãf
Sh, pgrg fs ca`nhshs, f cfrgïãf-óroãf à f i`n`strf lh Hstglf quh hxhcutg
gs frlhns lf cfrgïãf-chntrf-@iphrglfr, f pubiãf à f i`n`strf lh Hstglf
quh b`og f Hstglf í frlhi chbhsth `iphr`gb.
Hbh à, pfrtgntf, g própr`g frlhi lf cfrgïãf-chntrf.
"Hbh à ihstrh lf gbhntf. ]f`s g rhsp`rgïãf à ui vg`-h-vhi `nchssgnth hntrh
g frlhi lf iunlf, quh hstç l`spfstg
l`s pfstg nf chntrf lh cglg un`vhrsf, lh cglg
c glg
shr, h g iubt`pb`c`lglh lgs sugs rho`øhs, hstruturgs, dunïøhs h
ign`dhstgïøhs."
Gss`i, vçr`fs i`bën`fs gnths quh f Cr`st`gn`sif g rhvhbgssh, g hstruturg
tr`n`tçr`g l`v`ng hrg v`v`lg phbfs ca`nhshs ng sug hxphr`ënc`g lf cfrpf.
“ F cfrgïãf-chntrf à g `igohi lf ]g`, dfnth lh \ulf. 
“ F cfrgïãf-óroãf à `igohi lf D`baf hthrngihnth ohrglf phbf ]g`, quh
ign`dhstg f ]g` h hxhcutg gs sugs frlhns (i`n`strf lh Hstglf quh hxhcutg
gs frlhns lf @iphrglfr).
Khsus l`z; "Nãf sgeéh`s quh hu thnaf quh ih fcupgr lgs cf`sgs lf ihu
]g`6" (Bc, 77;<0), h g`nlg; "pf`s nãf dgbh` lh i`i ihsif: igs f ]g` quh
ih hnv`fu, df` hbh quhi ih prhscrhvhu f quh qu h thnaf lh l`zhr h f quh thnaf
lh dgzhr fuv`r..." (Kf, Q@@;<0).
“ F pubiãf à `igohi lf Hspér`tf Sgntf quh, q uh, lhslh tflg g hthrn`lglh,
prfchlh gphngs lf ]g`, h quh b`og gf ]g` (i`n`strf lh Hstglf quh cfiun`cg
g frlhi `iphr`gb).
Hbh à "Shnafr quh lç g v`lg".
v `lg".
Hbh prhhncah tflf f Xn`vhrsf.
Gnths lh ifrrhr, Cr`stf l`z gfs shus gpóstfbfs; "Sgé lf ]g` h v`i gf iunlf:
futrg vhz lh`xf f iunlf h vfu pgrg f ]g`" (Kf, QT@;51).
"Igs f Hspér`tf Sgntf quh prfchlh lf ]g` h quh ihu ]g` hnv`grç hi ihu
NFIH vfs hns`ngrç tflgs gs cf`sgs..." (Kf, Q@T h QT;54).
Í `igohi tr`n`tçr`g, tflg g Cr`gïãf rhsp`rg `nlf lf ui gf iûbt`pbf h lf
iûbt`pbf gf ui.
H g própr`g Cr`gïãf, ng frlhi lf Oënhs`s, à g hxp`rgïãf l`v`ng lh quh f
Sageegt à g gpnà`g gnths quh, nuig `nsp`rgïãf, g Cr`gïãf sh rhgb`zh.
Egrg-sa`t-egrg, sãf hssgs gs pr`ih`rgs pgbgvrgs lf Oënhs`s; "cr`g, sh rht`rg,
cr`g Hbfa`i" “ Buz-\rhvg-Buz... f r`tif lh lf`s thipfs à `n`c`glf;
hxp`rgïãf-`nsp`rgïãf-hxp`rgïãf...
\ulfhrhsp`rg
gqu` g pgrt`r
quh ohrg h lç lg rhsp`rgïãf
r`tif l`v`ngcósi`cg.
í rhsp`rgïãf g rquhtép`cg quh nfs à rhvhbglg
grquhtép`cg
 À f Hspér`tf lh Lhus, f Ufuga Hbfa`i, ht`ifbfo`cgihnth f Gbhntf lh Lhus,
quh phnhtrg h dhcunlg gs çougs fr`o`ng`s, dgzhnlf-gs hxpbfl`r ng

iubt`pb`c`lglh lfs iunlfs cr`glfs gnths quh Hbh fs gpgnah pgrg dgzë-bfs
hxp`rgr gtà g sug rh`nthorgïãf ng un`lglh pr`ifrl`gb.
Hxp`rgïãf-@nsp`rgïãf, tulf rhsp`rg.
H f Afihi, quh rhcgp`tubg tflfs hsshs iunlfs, rhsp`rg.
Hbh rhsp`rg pfr tflfs fs pfrfs lg sug phbh.
Hstulgifs fs r`ns cfif chntrf lg sug rhsp`rgïãf, nf shnt`lf lh quh hbhs
l`str`euhi uig pgrth lf sfprf ngqu`bf quh cagih` "sug rhsp`rgïãf ohn`tgb"
(g quh prhs`lh í prfcr`gïãf h dgz g cr`gnïg) h, g futrg pgrth, ng rhsp`rgïãf
lg dfrkg (g quh prhs`lh í cr`gïãf
c r`gïãf h cfnluz f Afihi gf shu s hu ngsc`ihntf-
Thref).
Glãf, "f Afihi vhrihbaf" “ Grvfrh vhrihbag, l`vhrs`d`cg-sh hi çrvfrh
urfohn`tgb h çrvfrh pubifngr.
Hstg ûbt`ig prhpgrg kç g "Çrvfrh vhrlh" nf eg`bglf quh lgnïg cfi g sug
rhprhshntgïãf s`ieób`cg nf névhb lg trfcg dhrrf-igonàs`f fu fx`oën`f-
cgrefnf.
G çrvfrh pubifngr bhvg hi aherg`cf f nfih lh Uàg - , pgbgvrg quh,
prfnunc`glg Ufà, à f vhref "vhr".
Hssg pgbgvrg pflhr`g shr b`lg; g buz  nf gbhntf .
Shu grquàt`pf à Ufuga Hbfa`i, sfprf lh Lhus , cukf nfih à uig
l`vhrs`d`cgïãf lf lh buz. ZWugnlf f Hspér`tf l`v`nf    dgz-sh ]r`ncép`f   quh
cfnluz f Afihi   í egrrh`rg-prfvg  , h qugnlf f Afihi pgssg pfr hbg, f
Hspér`tf tfrng-sh ]r`ncép`f quh dgz f Afihi pgrt`c`pgr   lh Hbfa`i; à g
 pgbgvrg    , g buz.Y 
buz.Y 
Hu shr`g thntglg g l`zhr quh, sh fs nfssfs r`ns fuvhi, nfssfs pubiøhs
vëhi.
Sg`nlf lf Àlhn, f Afihi g`nlg fuvh, igs nãf vë ig`s.
Hbh sh lhsb`og lg rhsp`rgïãf grquhtép`cg quh à s`iefb`zglg phbf "vg`-h-vhi
lh -Hbfa`i nf kgrl`i".
Bfof hbh nãf g fuv`rç ig`s.
Tfbtgnlf gf Àlhn, ng rhssfnånc`g lf NFIH, f Afihi pr`ih`rf fuvh,
lhpf`s vë.
“ G pr`ih`rg pgrth lg v`lg, g quh hstç b`oglg í rhsp`rgïãf urfohn`tgb, thi
pfr h`xf g hscutg.
“ G shounlg, quh hstç b`oglg í çrvfrh pubifngr, thi pfr h`xf g v`sãf.

T`ifs f qugntf fs óroãfs quh cfipøhi

c fipøhi hssh hstço`f trgegbagi ng
gqu`s`ïãf lg v`sãf.
Nhi pfr `ssf hbhs hsquhchi g gqu`s`ïãf lh uig hscutg shiprh ig`s sut
sut`b`b
pf`s, nui ifihntf, ng lhscfehrtg lf NFIH, hscutg h v`sãf sh
hncfntrgrãf.
G çrvfrh pubifngr à tgieài çrvfrh dfngtór`g, g lf Thref, g lg Dgbg, quh
nãf pflh rhgb`zgr-sh shi g hscutg.
Tfbtgrh` g dgbgr l`ssf.
À pfr `ssf quh g rhsp`rgïãf tfig rgézhs nfs r`ns h gtà ngs prfdunlhzgs lf
pàbv`s, pf`s hbg nãf chssg lh hncgrrhogr-sh lg dunïãf lh hscutg pgrg g sug
tftgb rhgb`zgïãf-buz.
F quh fuvhi h f quh vëhi hsshs r`ns-pubiøhs, sh nãf AgSahi,
 

f NFIH cukfs lf`s : (fs lf`s "gbhntfs"), nf névhb lf nfssf cfrpf, sãf
fs lf`s r`ns h fs lf`s pubiøhs quh prfbfnogi gs iãfs6

G Çrvfrh ]ubifngr
"F pubiãf à Shnafr lf gbhntf."
"À f i`n`strf quh b`og f Hstglf í chbhsth Frlhi `iphr`gb."
(Dftf Erunhgu/Dftforgi.)

F Sageegt, cfif v`ifs, egsh lg hxp`rgïãf l`v`ng, à g própr`g hssënc`g lf

gtf cr`glfr phbf qugb Hbfa`i Sh rht`rg pgrg quh  shkg.
À ng prfdunlhzg lf Sageegt quh Glãf à sfprglf nf shu NFIH , h quh
cglg ui lh nós à sfprglf, gigssglf, iflhbglf phbgs iãfs l`v`ngs, h
iflubglf phbf shu cgntf, nf NFIH shcrhtf quh bah à própr`f; N`saifta
Ag`i (On, @@; ?).
À hbh f NFIH-Ohrih quh dgz lh nós sfprgnths,
s fprgnths, rhsp`rgnths h dgbgnths.
N`saifta, dh`tf hsshnc`gbihnth lg rg`z Sahi, f NFIH, cfntài
c fntài tgieài f
vhref Ngsafi - ; "rhsp`rgr"!
G rhsp`rgïãf à g própr`g v`lg lf NFIH  quh lhvh pgssgr, gtrgvàs lhbg, lf
shu hstglf lh ohrih (s`iefb`zglf phbg bhtrg Nui ) gf shu hstglf
rhgb`zglf.
Bfof lhpf`s quh Lhus sfprfu Glãf nf shu NFIH, l`z-sh; "quh Hbh pbgntg
ui kgrl`i nf Àlhn h quh Hbh cfbfcg gb` Glãf quh Hbh dfrifu" (On, 77;1).
Gs pgbgvrgs "bç", Sagi - , h "cfbfcgr", Pgshi - , sãf giegs dh`tgs lg
rg`z Sahi, quh à f NFIH.
F kgrl`i lf Àlhn nãf à futrg cf`sg shnãf
s hnãf f hstglf lh Glãf cfbfcglf nf sshu
hu
NFIH, bgnïglf nf h`xf lf shu NFIH, nutr`lf, ifv`lf pfr hbh “ hu l`r`g lh
efi orglf, "efiehglf" pfr hbh, g vhrlglh`rg ps`cfefieg
ps `cfefieg (cfnlutfrg lh
gbigs).
 Lhpf`s lf lrgig lg quhlg, dfrg lh h`xf, sgélf lf shu NFIH, lgs sugs
"efiegs", f Afihi nãf rhsp`rg ig`s shnãf phbfs shus r`ns!

@ srghb, Fuvh!  nfssf Lhus,  

Hntãf g \rgl`ïãf bah supb`cg; "Fuvh, @srghb,
XNF."
F Cr`st`gn`sif, cukgs rgézhs hstãf hi @srghb, dgz erftgr f Thref.
Lg hscutg gf Thref, `ncfntçvh`s rhsp`rgïøhs vãf hscgnl`r-sh.
]grg dgzhr `ssf, hbgs rhun`rãf hntrh tflfs fs pfvfs g prhch-rhsp`rgïãf, g
prhch sgbifl`glg, g prhch-igntrg, g prhch-ahs`cgsig, f l`jr, f cgntf.
G rhsp`rgïãf
ui tfig-sh
egbgnchgihntf hntãf
hxgtf lfihifr`zgïãf
cfrpf. réti`cf-ihból`cg quh fehlhch g
Ihifr`zgïãf, pf`s f egbgnchgihntf à f ifv`ihntf ig`s grcg`cf
grcg `cf quh kuntg
g hxp`rgïãf-`nsp`rgïãf fr`o`ngb “ nui r`tif e`nçr`f pr`ifrl`gb: hbh lç dfrïg
h v`ofr gf càrherf pr`i`t`vf, cagiglf r`nhncàdgbf “ lh quh dgbgrh`
nfvgihnth kuntf cfi f fbdgtf - quh bhvg lh vfbtg f Afihi g uig qugsh-
vhohtgb`zgïãf, í "iglh`rg": pfrtgntf, í sug hssënc`g.
hss ënc`g.
Ihifr`zgïãf tgieài, pf`s, bhvglf lh vfbtg í sug hssënc`g, gf cfrgïãf lf
shu. dhi`n`nf quh shbg f NFIH, f Afihi `n`c`g g "sug ferg igscub`ng", f
shu trgegbaf lh hspfnsg`s, quh `ipb`cg quh hbh "sh bhierh" lgqu`bf quh hbh
à.
Bhierhifs quh g rg`z [gjafr -   s`on`d`cg "igscub`nf" h tgieài
"bhiergr-sh".
Lhspfsgr f dhi`n`nf à lhschr ís prfdunlhzgs lf nãf-rhgb`zglf pgrg hbhvgr-
sh ís rhsp`rgïãf
\flg gbturgs lf rhgb`zglf.
nãf thi futrf fekht`vf shnãf prhpgrgr h gcfipgnagr hssh
lupbf ifv`ihntf.

G ûbt`ig hxp`rgïãf vhrç f ngsc`ihntf

ngsc `ihntf lf NFIH.
G ûbt`ig `nsp`rgïãf, f cfrfgihntf lfs hspfnsg`s l`v`nf-auignfs.
F ûbt`if gbhntf rh`nthorgrç f Afihi nf gbhntf l`v`nf grquhtép`cf nf sh`f
lf ]g`, G`n, lh fnlh tulf prfchlh h pgrg fnlh tulf vfbtg.
Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 73

G Orgnlh Ferg; f trgegbaf lfs hspfnsg`s cfi g \hrrg-iãh fu

"G Ferg hi Nhorf"

7. G A`stór`g lh Kfe  

G a`stór`g
Sh lh Kfe
à dgtf quh sh pgssgpfrquh
f Afihi, ng thrrg lh X\S.sugs nfrigs fntfbóo`cgs, nãf
lhturpfu
v`vh shus hspfnsg`s cfi g \hrrg quh f cgrrhog, f bgïf prfdunlf quh f unh g
hbg nhi pfr `ssf lh`xg lh hstgr rhbgc`fnglf cfi f pbgnf hsshnc`gb.
]fr `ssf, f shr auignf quh v`vh hssgs nfrigs rhgb`zg cfi g \hrrg ui
cgsgihntf quh prhbul`g f lh sugs nûpc`gs gbquéi`cgs.
F nfih X\S bhvg g ihnsgohi lhsshs hspfnsg`s.
Kfe, lh quhi sh l`rç quh à ui "afihi énthorf h thihnth g Lhus", rhgb`zfu
f shounlf hstço`f lf shu shr.
Hbh rhs`lh nuig thrrg cukf nfih hstç `nt`igihnth b`oglf gf shu duturf.
Xts, hi aherg`cf - , cfipøh-sh lf nfih lg "çrvfrh" “ Hts -   “ quh
gtrgvhssg f Tgv  , f Afihi.

G a`stór`g lh Kfe à g a`stór`g lf "Afihi ng sug Çrvfrh", lf Afihi

`nthorglf í sug Çrvfrh, hnogkglf nf shu Sahi.
Hbg sh lhshnrfbg nf quglr`bçthrf, ng "dfrkg".
F Afihi shrç cagiglf g hntrgr ng "igtr`z
" igtr`z lh dfof" pgrg tfrngr-sh f shu
NFIH.
Kfe agv`g glqu`r`lf tulf f quh lhv`g glqu`r`r.
F thxtf eéeb`cf nfs lç f nûihrf lfs shus d`bafs, lf shu oglf, lfs shus
shrvfs.
Dh`tf `ssf, à cfbfcglf f pbgnf lh Agvhr.
F shrvf lh Lhus, afihi lh ehi, dhb`z nf ih`f lh tflfs fs shus,
rhsph`tglf phbfs shus cfnc`lglãfs, afnrglf pfr tflfs, sçe`f
sç e`f cfnshbah`rf lh
tflfs.
Wugnlf cahog g qugbquhr buogr, fs ig`s `lfsfs bhvgntgi-sh, fs ig`s
 kfvhns hstrhihchi.
À gss`i quh hbh sh lhscrhvh
lhs crhvh g s` própr`f.
À afihi lh cfnsc`ënc`g rhtg h bfuvg gf shu Shnafr.
À gss`i quh vhifs `n`c`gr-sh hntrh  h Sgtgnçs - , ui i`sthr`fsf
l`çbfof lh quh Kfe à fekhtf.

Hsths trës nfihs; , Sgtgnçs h Kfe, rhihthi-nfs `iphrgt`vgihnth g ui

futrf l`çbfof, f quh sh hbhvg nf cfrgïãf lf i`tf lg quhlg, hntrh
-Hbfa`i h g Shrphnth-Sgtgnçs; "uig `n`i`zglh hstgehbhchrh` hntrh t` h
@sag, hntrh g tug shihnth h g shihnth lhbg", l`z Lhus g Sgtgnçs.
 ‒Hstg (g shihnth lhbg) dhr`r-th-ç hnqugntf tu-cgehïg, h tu dhr`rçs @sag
hnqugntf hbg-cgbcgnagr" (On, @@@;78).

G pgbgvrg "`n`i`zglh" “ G`fv -  “ à f nfih lh Kfe hi aherg`cf.

G a`stór`g lh Kfe à g lg "`n`i`zglh hstgehbhc`lg" pfr Lhus ng rhbgïãf lh
@sag cfi g shrphnth, ng lgs sugs "shihnths", `stf à, lfs shus "pr`ncép`fs",
quh sãf, rhsphct`vgihnth,  , f NFIH shbglf nf cfrgïãf lf dhi`n`nf
 @sag, h Sgtgnçs, pr`ncép`f lg shrphnth.
s hrphnth.

Kfe à g própr`g `n`i`zglh  - Sgtgnçs.

Ig`s lf quh nuncg, nf i`tf, d`cg hv`lhnth quh f ahró` lf lrgig hi quh sh
rhprhshntg f lhst`nf l`v`nf à f Afihi.
H à gofrg, nf hstço`f lf SHU lg v`lg lf Afihi, quh hbh à rhprhshntglf.
Nf tr`ånoubf igtr`c`gb Phsfl-Afl-Nhtsga, hncfntrgifs s`tugïøhs s`ieób`cgs
lhstg;
igs If`sàs
hbhs hrgihstgvg
afihnspgrg f Dgrgó
pgrg f pfvfgss`i cfif
aherhu hscrgvf
g`nlg hstgvglf
pgrg Sgtgnçs,
Dgrgó, pgrg f
Afihi g`nlg pr`s`fnh`rf lf AGTHU.

Nf hstço`f lf cfrgïãf, nf chntrf lf SHU, sãf fs própr`fs pr`ncép`fs l`v`nfs,

gs "shihnths", quh rhhncfntrgifs ng lugb`lglh cr`glg; f Afihi ,
nãf-rhgb`zglf lh Lhus, ihlh dfrïgs cfi f "Glvhrsçr`f" (trgluïãf lh
Sgtgnçs) pgrg rhgb`zgr Hbfa`i, Lhus tftgbihnth rhgb`zglf!
Nãf à shnãf ng phrsphct`vg lg trgnschnlënc`g lfs lf`s póbfs lhssg
gnt`nfi`g quh sh prfpøh í nfssg cfnthipbgïãf
c fnthipbgïãf f i`stàr`f l`v`nf, sfihnth
ng "shth`rg lf shu póbf nãf-rhgb`zglf" à quh sh s`tug f i`stàr`f lg Cr`gïãf
“ f i`stàr`f lf Afihi!
If`sàs h Kfe, quh g crét`cg a`stór`cg tfrng cfnthipfrånhfs, rhvhzgi-sh ng
rhgb`zgïãf ihss`ån`cg.
Giefs prhd`ourgi Cr`stf,  hncgrnglf, quh rhcgp`tubgrç hsshs lf`s
pbgnfs lh rhgb`zgïãf h cfnluz`rç f Afihi í sug tftgb lh`d`cgïãf.
-shihnth, ohrih lh cfnsc`ënc`g, nf Glãf lf kgrl`i lf Àlhn, à drgcf,
tãf drgcf quh à ignlglf hiefrg shi quh @sag prhsth gthnïãf nf l`scursf
lg shrphnth; "L`ssh-th vhrlglh`rgihnth, Hbfa`i, quh nãf cfihsshs lf
drutf lh tflg çrvfrh lf kgrl`i6" (On, 7), hnqugntf g frlhi t`nag s`lf
dfrigbihnth lglg pfr -Hbfa`i.

Igs h`s quh Glãf crhschu:

c rhschu: sug cfnsc`ënc`g rhv`ofrfu-sh, gphsgr lf lrgig
lg quhlg, pf`s g "`n`i`zglh hstç hstgehbhc`lg".
H Kfe v`vh g sug ]çscfg: nhbh,  dgz Glãf sg`r lg sug thrrg lh hscrgv`lãf.
@ssf hstç hxprhssf phbg pr`ih`rg prfvgïãf quh quhergntg Kfe nf névhb lf
AGTHU; hbh phrlh tflfs fs shus ehns.
“ "À lhs`nthrhssglgihnth quh Kfe thih g Hbfa`i6" “ phrountg Sgtgnçs g
 - "Hsthnlh g tug iãf, tfcg hi tulf f quh bah phrthnch, h thnaf g
chrthzg lh quh hbh th bgnïgrç igbl`ïøhs hi rfstf."
“ "]f`s ehi, rhspfnlh , tulf f quh hbh thi hstç ng tug iãf,
iãf , igs nãf
hsthnlgs tug iãf cfntrg hbh" (Kó, @; 0-75).

G cagih`rg AGTHU h SHU lh Kfe hstç ehi igrcglg gqu`.

Nhssh pr`ih`rf ifihntf, Sgtgnçs l`z`ig fs ehns lh Kfe.
Lhstró` gtà fs shus d`bafs; shth d`bafs h trës d`bags.
G lhscr`ïãf lhssh AGTHU pflh shr b`lg hi vçr`fs pbgnfs.
Thrhifs nf d`i lf i`tf quh gs trës d`bags quh bah shrãf lhvfbv`lgs hs
hstãf
tãf
b`oglgs í sug phssfg, gf i`stàr`f lf shu NFIH.
Nhssh `néc`f, gs trës d`bags lh Kfe lhvhi hstgr b`oglgs gfs cfipfnhnths lg
phrsfngb`lglh quh hstruturg g tréglh hnhroàt`cg ]rgzhr-]fssh-]ftënc`g lh
quh dgbgifs gnths, igs quh, nhssh hstço`f, kfog ngs cgthofr`gs
 ps`cfbóo`cgs.
Nf shu shr ps`cfbóo`cf h nfs shus ehns igthr`g`s, Kfe à quhergntglf.

Igs g sug cfnsc`ënc`g sh dfrtgbhch.

 bhvg f afihi g ui cfnahc`ihntf shcrhtf.
L`gnth lg prfvgïãf, Kfe gd`rig; "Nu, sg`s g` lf vhntrh lg i`nag iãh, nu g hbh
rhtfrngrh`.  , lhu,  t`rfu, ehnl`tf shkg f NFIH lh " (Kó, @; 57).
Hbh sgeh quh f afihi lhvh nfvgihnth tfrngr-sh cr`gnc`nag,
c r`gnc`nag, dgzhr-sh
ohrih pgrg hntrgr nf Uh`nf Igbjauta; hbh cfnahch fs orgnlhs i`stàr`fs lh
@srghb.
Hbh hstç quhergntglf, igs hbh sgeh: hbh gch`tg.
gc h`tg.
N`ssf Kfe kç v`vh uig rhgb`zgïãf, pf`s g cóbhrg “ cfntrçr`f lg dfrïg lh
rhgb`zgïãf, cfif v`ifs “ nãf sh hbhvg nf shu cfrgïãf.

Sgtgnçs lhc`lh hntãf `r ig`s bfnoh;

“ "]hbh pfr phbh’ - l`z hbh g    ‒F afihi lç tulf f quh pfssu` pgrg
sgbvgr g própr`g v`lg, igs hsthnlh g iãf h tfcg nf shu rfstf h ng sug
cgrnh, hu th ogrgntf quh hbh th bgnïgrç igbl`ïøhs hi rfstf."
“ "H`-bf ng tug iãf, l`z  g Sgtgnçs, igs pfupg-bah f gbhntf" (Kó, 77;8-
4).
, phri`th quh f "ofbph lf ofnof" sfh, quh g "thrrg hstrhihïg", quh f
"s`sif" gpgnah Kfe h quh f afihi shkg gegbglf ngs sugs thrrgs prfdunlgs,
s`iefb`zglgs
G Orgnlh Fergphbfs óroãfs egïf-påncrhgs.
lf egt`sif lh dfof cfihïg;
cfihïg ; hbg hstç rhsui`lg nf prforgig
quh Sgtgnçs dgz lhbg; "]hbh gtà f d`i lg phbh" “ Gfr ehfl sfr   .

Kfe vg`, lh phbh hi phbh, gtà f d`i lgs sugs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, `stf à, lh
cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g pgrg shiprh nfvfs cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g.
Gfr , g "phbh" lh quh Glãf à rhvhst`lf lhpf`s lg quhlg, à f
hnsfiergihntf lg sug cfnsc`ënc`g rhluz`lg gf tftgb nãf-rhgb`zglf,
cfndunl`lg cfi ui dhi`n`nf lh quh hbh ihsif
i hsif lh`xfu lh thr bhiergnïg.
Bhierhifs quh g ihsig pgbgvrg "phbh" “ Gfr “ prfnunc`glg @vhr,
s`on`d`cg "chof" hi aherg`cf.
Glãf à rhluz`lf
dhi`n`nf, gf quh
igs gnths hbh hrg,
ihsif nãf só gnths
lh nfihgr quh Lhus
gs hnhro`gs bah rhvhbh f shu
“ fs gn`ig`s “ lg sug
pr`ih`rg thrrg `nthr`fr.

F trgegbaf lg Orgnlh Ferg à, pgrg cfihïgr, ui trgegbaf lh "ihiór`g",

uig ife`b`zgïãf lg pftënc`g "igscub`ng" lh Kfe, g d`i lh quh, gfg f bhiergr-
sh, hbh lhspfsh f shu dhi`n`nf h rhcuerg g buz quh hbg hscfnlh.
G ûbt`ig "phbh"  shrç Gfr , g "buz"!
Gquhbg quh Lhus qugb`d`cg lh \fv  lhslh f pr`ih`rf l`g lg Oënhsh, igs
U g , gqu`,
quh shrç tftgbihnth \fv qugnlf t`vhr `nthorglf g tftgb`lglh lh Ug
g tftgb`lglh lh , g "phbh".

F dhi`n`nf lh Kfe, g sug prfdunl`lglh, hstç n`t`lgihnth s`on`d`cglf nf

l`scursf
Gnths lg lh Sgtgnçs
quhlg, nãf pfr "fGlãf
t`nag fssf `lhnt`d`cglf
h g cgrnh". f shu dhi`n`nf pfr hstgs
 pgbgvrgs; "H`s gquhbg quh à fssf lfs ihus fssfs, h cgrnh lg i`nag cgrnh"
(On, @@; 53)6

À f ihsif quh l`zhr, bhierhifs; "H`s gquhbg quh à hssënc`g lg i`nag

hssënc`g h shorhlf lf ihu nûcbhf."
Lh dgtf, f dhi`n`nf lh Kfe hstç
hs tç ife`b`zglf, f shu `ncfnsc`hnth hstç tfcglf.
Kfe, f afihi phrdh`tf, tãf cfntrfbglf, lh rhphnth nãf sh s h rhcfnahch ig`s:
sfe f séiefbf lh "sug iubahr", hbh
h bh sh rhvfbtg; "]hrs`sths g`nlg ng tug
`nthor`lglh! Gigbl`ïfg g Lhus h ifrrh!" (Kó, @@; 0).
Gss`i sfifs nós ngs nfssgs phrtureglfrgs cfntrgl`ïøhs l`gnth lg
prfvgïãf; gbouài hi nós (cfnsc`ënc`g ngtg, rhgb`zglf quh pgrt`c`pg lh
) sgeh quh hx`sth ui shnt`lf, uig kusthzg nhbg h quh hbg hstç
cgrrhoglg lf shu pfthnc`gb lh dhrt`b`zgïãf h lh crhsc`ihntf.
@ssf, hi nós, g`nlg quh lhstrfïglf, à gifr.
Hntrhtgntf, futrf gbouài thi ihlf, hstrhihch ng sug vhbag "phbh" quh sh
rhcusg g lh`xgr, gsshourglf quh hstç age`tuglf g hbg.
\hntglf g gigbl`ïfgr, .rhvfbtg-sh.
Igs Kfe dgz cgbgr hssg l`ihnsãf lhbh; "dgbgs cfif uig `nshnsgtg" (Kó,
@@;7=).
Hbh dgz rhtfigr hssg pgrth lg sug thrrg `nthr`fr.
H f trgegbaf cfnt`nug; g tftgb`lglh lf l`scursf quh shouh pfbgr`zg-sh ng
euscg lf shnt`lf, ng gehrturg pgrg névh`s ig`s gbtfs, lgs lugs shpa`rfta
"Sgehlfr`g" h "@nthb`oënc`g".
Kfe vg` pür sferh
rhssurrh`ïøhs fs fierfs cgehïgs
suchss`vgs. c gehïgs nfvgs, quh f fer`ogi g ifrths h

Fs trës gi`ofs quh f v`s`tgi sãf trës gsphctfs lhbh ihsif nfs
ngsc`ihntfs quh hbh gssuih h pgrg fs qug`s hbh hntrg hi lfrhs.
Hbhs sãf trës "cgehïgs" lh ig`s cfnahc`ihntf, lh gcfrlf cfi fs shus
hspfnsg`s cfns`of ihsif, hspfnsg`s quh sãf g phnhtrgïãf lgs sugs trhvgs,
lgs sugs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, lf shu dhi`n`nf, lg sug iãh-hspfsg...
Cfif Àl`pf, hbh cfihïg g sug orgnlh v`gohi nfturng.
Igs, hi Kfe, g b`nougohi à ig`s gbquéi`cg; gt`no`lf pfr uig "ûbchrg
igb`ong lg pbgntg lfs pàs gf gbtf lg cgehïg...", Kfe, hi shu bh`tf lh lfr,
cfnahch g dgsh lg Orgnlh Ferg cagiglg lh "putrhdgïãf".
"... h sug cgrnh cferh-sh
c ferh-sh lh pflr`lãf h `iunléc`h, sug phbh rfiph h
supurg..." (Kó, T@@;8).
Kfe nãf hnthnlh!
"@nstrué-ih, l`z hbh g shus gi`ofs, ifstrg`-ih
ifs trg`-ih hi quh dgbah`.. sfu `nfchnth
n`ssf!" (Kó, T@; 5<-50).
Nui pr`ih`rf ifihntf, hbh euscg g cgusg gphngs ngs cgthofr`gs b`oglgs í
pun`ïãf lf shu cgipf lh cfnsc`ënc`g pr`içr`g.
Frg, hbh nãf rhcfnahch hi s` nhnauig dgbtg.
\hr`g Lhus futrfs fbafs quh hbh6
"\hns fbafs lh cgrnh, phrountg-bah, vës cfif vëhi fs afihns6... \ugs
iãfs ih dfrigrgi h ih iflhbgrgi,
i flhbgrgi, h tu ih lhstru`rçs6 Bhierg-th lh
quh ih ifblgsth cfif g gro`bg h tu ih dgr`gs rhtfrngr í \hrrg6 Nãf ih
lhrrgigsth cfif bh`th, h ih cfgbagsth cfif ui quh`kf6 Lh phbh h lh cgrnh
ih rhvhst`sth, lh fssfs h lh nhrvfs ih thchsth... h h`s f quh hscfnl`gs nf
thu cfrgïãf!..." (Kó, Q) 

Sugs prfvgs
`ndhrnfs; "Husãf gs lg Ferg
hsphrgvg g buz hi Nhorf:gsístrhvgs,
h v`hrgi vhzhs,gsg i`nags
shqu`lãfhntrgnags
lf dfof lfs
 dhrvhi shi lhscgnsf: cgi`naf lhnhor`lf, igs nãf phbf Sfb, tfrnh`-ih f

`riãf lfs cagcg`s, f cfipgnah`rf

c fipgnah`rf lfs gvhstruzhs, i`nag phbh hnhorhch h
cg`, ihus fssfs quh`igi h sh rhsshcgi..." (Kó, QQQ; 54-3=).
Ís vhzhs, f ûi`lf lfs ge`sifs; "Sfu ui igr fu ui ifnstrf igr`naf pgrg
quh pfnags ougrlgs gf ihu rhlfr6 Wugnlf l`of; f ihu bh`tf ih gb`v`grç: à
hntãf quh ih gthrrfr`zgs cfi sfnafs, quh ih gpgvfrgs cfi tugs v`søhs...
Ga! Hu quhr`g shr hstrgnoubglf!"
Kfe à hstrgnoubglf.
Gogrrglf phbg ogrogntg, ng "]frtg lfs lhushs",
lhushs" , hbh iulg lh névhb lh
cfnsc`ënc`g; "Hu hstgvg hi pgz, LhusL hus ih quhergntfu. Hbh ih gogrrfu phbg
nucg h ih dhz hi phlgïfs... Hbh gtrgvhssg fs ihus r`ns shi p`hlglh, Hbh
lhrrgig f ihu dhb pfr thrrg Hbh gerh hi i`i erhcag sferh erhcag..." h
rhhncfntrgifs fs óroãfs v`tg`s, buogrhs lg dfrkg, tflfs tfcglfs pfr hssg
prfvgïãf.
Kfe prfsshouh g sug gthrrglfrg v`gohi!
Xsf lh prfpós`tf g pgbgvrg "gthrrglfrg", pf`s sug fr`ohi à prfpr`gihnth
gbquéi`cg, hxpr`i`nlf-sh gs lugs dgshs lg Ferg iu`tgs vhzhs - phbg
dóriubg; "F Càu gthrrfr`zglf, g Igtàr`g qu`nthsshnc`glg."
H "d`xgr f sut`b" à chrtgihnth
c hrtgihnth g ig`fr prfvgïãf.
F própr`f Cr`stf, ng Cruz, `ipbfrg gf ]g` "quh hssh cçb`ch shkg gdgstglf"
l‐ Hbh.
Hbh.
\gieài Kfe
"@igohi `ipbfrg...
lf Cr`stf pfr v`r", hbh thi g dfrïg lh cfnt`nugr.
Nãf ig`s ng `onfrånc`g lf `ncfnsc`hnth, igs cfnsc`hnthihnth, ng nf`th quh
cfntài g buz, f afihi cfnt`nug g sug s ug lfbfrfsg v`gohi.
Nhssh nfvf hstço`f lf bge`r`ntf, gs trhvgs sh tfrngi ig`s hsphssgs gtà f
cfntrgpfntf lf "G`n", f "Nglg" lgs prfdunlhzgs ge`ssg`s.
Hssg à g "lhsc`lg gfs `ndhrnfs"; prhc`p`tgïãf nf névhb lfs pàs, rhtfif gf
ohrih quh cfntài g tftgb`lglh lgs prfihssgs, fs grquàt`pfs "lf Gbtf" h g
sug `igohi "lh eg`xf", f "I`" h f "Ig", f Ig`fr lf cgfs pr`ifrl`gb
hnqugntf g \hrrg hrg "`ndfrih h vgz`g".
Uhtfif gf "`ndfrih h vgz`f" lg sug oënhsh, pgrg v`vhr g sug vfcgïãf kustg,
gss`i pgrhch shr nuig gpgrhnth rhorhssãf “ g hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg nhssh
ifihntf lg gvhntgrg,, auigng pfr gquhbh quh euscg g Lhus.
Sh hbh
Kfe nãf gqu`
ifrrh g dgzhlurgnth g sug v`lg thrrhng, nãf shrç `ssf g sug ifrth6
lh rhphnth.
Hbh `ipbfrg gfs gi`ofs, nfvgs `nthb`oënc`gs hi s` s ` ihsif; "Nãf hncfntrgr`g
hu ui sçe`f hntrh vós6" (Kó, QT@@;7=).
Igs g prfdunl`lglh lf shu sfdr`ihntf
s fdr`ihntf nãf ubtrgpgssg g gbturg lg sug
sgehlfr`g; "Sf`s phssfgs açeh`s, h cfnvfscf
c fnvfscf ifrrhrç g sgehlfr`g, pf`s nãf
pgssg`s lh cagrbgtãhs... \flfs vós sf`s iàl`cfs lf nglg! Sh pulàssh`s
ougrlgr s`bënc`f, shr`h`s tfiglfs pfr sçe`fs..." (Q@@; 5 : Q@@@; <-8). 
Hbhs dgbgi hi Kfe, h Kfe tfig g ignlç-bfs hiefrg; "Iu`tgs vhzhs fuv`
l`scursfs shihbagnths, Sf`s tflfs uns cfnsfbglfrhs
c fnsfbglfrhs `ipfrtunfs..." (QT@; 5)
h, ig`s gl`gnth. "Gtà qugnlf gdb`o`rh`s
gd b`o`rh`s g i`nag gbig h ih gtfrihntgrh`s
cfi fs vfssfs l`scursfs6" (Q@Q; 7-5).
Hnd`i, hbh ignlg lhd`n`t`vgihnth hiefrg fs shus gi`ofs.
Hbh cfrtg
trgzhr g sug ûbt`ig
shourgnïg cg ehïg;
cgehïg;
gf ergïf shi"Cfif
v`ofr6 pflhs v`r hi gcfnshbagr
Cfif fusgs gux`b`f lg drgquhzg,
f `onfrgnth g
 lgr ifstrg lh uig geunlgnth sgehlfr`g!" (QQT@; 5-3).
Kfe gofrg vg` iu`tf ig`s bfnoh.

Sug igrcag à gpfdçt`cg; hbh hncfntrg h nãf hncfntrg f shnt`lf.

Shu ofstf pfr Lhus lh`xg-f shiprh `nsgt`sdh`tf.
À nui gbài shiprh gbài lh tflg cfnch`tugb`zgïãf
c fnch`tugb`zgïãf quh hstgrç g rhspfstg,
nuig hxphr`ënc`g `nl`zévhb!
Cglg trfcg lh phbh à uig trfcg lh cfnsc`ënc`g, uig hihroënc`g nui
cgipf lh `nthb`oënc`g h lh sgehlfr`g nfvgs.
Cfi shus gi`ofs, hbh rhphb`u gs ûbt`igs
ûbt `igs phbhs lf cfrgïãf h lfs fuv`lfs:
tflgs gs c`rcunc`søhs hstãf dh`tgs, hbh gefrlg g sugs ûbt`igs thrrgs
`nthr`frhs; "Aç pgrg g prgtg ui buogr lh fnlh à hxtrgélg, pgrg f furf ui
buogr fnlh à lhpurglf. F dhrrf à t`rglf lg thrrg, h g phlrg dunl`lg lç f
cferh. F afihi pøh d`i ís trhvgs, hxpbfrg gtà f dunlf lfs ge`sifs g
phlrg hscfnl`lg ngs trhvgs h ng sfierg lg ifrth..." (QQT@@@;7-5).
Gprfx`ignlf-sh lg sug "phlrg hscfnl`lg", hbh sh gprfx`ig lg dfnth lgs
lugs shpa`rfta; "Igs g sgehlfr`g, lh fnlh hbg prfvài6 Fnlh hstç g kgz`lg
lg `nthb`oënc`g6" (QQT@@@;75).

Hntãf, cfif Hb`gs prhs`l`nlf tflg c`rcunc`sãf, cfif Kfãf Egt`stg prhs`l`nlf
c gi`nafs lh , ui qugrtf gi`of
g ûbt`ig c`rcunc`sãf h prhpgrgnlf fs cgi`nafs
gprhshntg-sh h lhsphlh fs futrfs trës.
Cagig-sh Hb`gau, Hb`gs hi pfrtuouës.

À Kfe, àlhf quhi
própr`fuig
NFIH
pgrth ,hi
lh (ui quh nãf
) g`nlg hstç 
f ûbt`if hi à suest`tuélf
Hbfa`i. pfr .
Hbh prhpgrg Kfe pgrg g buz tftgb.
F Hspér`tf lh Hbfa`i kç hstç nhbh; "F Hspér`tf
Hs pér`tf quh hstç nf ihu sh`f ih
fpr`ih, ihu sh`f à cfif ui v`naf hnogrrgdglf, cfif ui flrh nfvf
prhsths g hstfurgr..." (QQQ@@;71-70).
F Hspér`tf Sgntf hstç nhbh: cfi hbh, g bfucurg.
Bfucurg gfs fbafs lfs afihns, hbg à Sgehlfr`g l`v`ng, hnqugntf quh g
sgehlfr`g lh Kfe nfs shus trës gi`ofs hrg bfucurg gfs fbafs lh Lhus! Lhus !
"Hsphrg ui pfucf quh hu th `nstru`rh`, pf`s g`nlg thnaf pgbgvrgs hi dgvfr
lh Lhus... (QQQT@;5) ... Lhus sgbvg f `ndhb`z lg sug i`sàr`g Hbh f `nstru` phbf
sfdr`ihntf... (QQQT@;78) \fe, prhstg gthnïãf g hssgs cf`sgs, pçrg h
cfns`lhrg gs igrgv`bags lh Lhus." (QQQT@@;7<).

Hb`gau dgbg; hbh prhpgrg Kfe pgrg `r pgrg g kgz`lg lg @nthb`oënc`g, pgrg gs
dfnths lg Sgehlfr`g, ng sug ûbt`ig thrrg, "gquhbg
" gquhbg hi quh sh hncfntrg f
furf, h f furf lhssh pgés à \fv !"
 fu g buz tftgbihnth cfnqu`stglg! 
Hssh vhrsécubf, t`rglf lf Oënhs`s (@@; 75), lhscrhvh g pr`ih`rg lgs qugtrf
thrrgs `nthr`frhs lf Afihi, thrrgs quh sãf dhcunlglgs phbf ûn`cf r`f quh
sg` lf Àlhn.
"<" à f nûihrf quh s`iefb`zg gs hstruturgs lf Afihi `nthr`fr, igs nãf
hxpb`cg g rhgb`lglh dfrigb: uig futrg `igohi, g lg hscglg, prfpøh tr`ntg h
trës lhorgus, cglg lhorgu pflhnlf g`nlg shr cfns`lhrglf
c fns`lhrglf cfif uig thrrg g
shr cfnstruélg.
Shkg qugb dfr g `igohi, hssg pr`ih`rg thrrg lhscr`tg nf Oënhs`s à gquhbg
quh f Afihi cfnqu`stg ngs sugs ûbt`igs prfdunlhzgs. Hb`gau à f ou`g quh
cfnluz
Kfe gfs ís pfrtgs
trës lhssgnévh`s
pr`ih`rfs pr`ih`rg thrrg: fs `stf
hnhroàt`cfs, trës à,futrfs gi`ofs
ís trës cfnluz`rgi
pr`ih`rgs thrrgs
 nfihglgs nf Oënhs`s hi frlhi lhcrhschnth gtà gquhbg quh à egnaglg
phbf ]argt.

À dgbgnlf lhstg quh Kfe dhz f shu crhsc`ihntf.

]grg hbh, hbg cagigvg-sh Futs ; f Afihi-Tgv ( 9 4) ng çrvfrh .
Gofrg, f afihi gt`noh f 0, cfif nf 0ª iës lh sug ohstgïãf.
Hbh nãf pflhrç ngschr nf 7=, nf Pfl, shnãf cfi f ûn`cf ou`g cgpgz lh ger`r
f "nûcbhf", f NFIH, f própr`f .
À pfr `ssf quh, pfr sug vhz, Hb`gau sh rht`rg.
Cfif Kfãfg Egt`stg
rhphb`nlf quh l`rç;
ûbt`ig phbh, "Àlhsgpgrhch.
Hb`gau prhc`sf quh Hbh crhsïg h quh hu l`i`nug",

\flgs gs c`rcunc`søhs lg Sgehlfr`g-@nthb`oënc`g sãf dh`tgs cfi hxchïãf

lgquhbg quh Só  pflh rhgb`zgr cfi f Afihi.
 ‒Hntãf, lf ih`f lg thiphstglh,  rhspfnlh g Kfe" (Kó, QQQT@@@).
"Wuhi à hsth quh lhn`orh fs lhséon`fs pfr l`scursfs shi cfnahc`ihntf6
C`noh fs thus r`ns cfif ui dfrth, Tfu `nthrrfogr-th h tu ih `nstru`rçs;
Fnlh hstgvgs qugnlf bgnch` fs dunlgihntfs lg thrrg6 Cfntg, sh sgehs,
`nthb`oënc`g!
H lf "Dunlgihntf-Phsfl" ng "@nthb`oënc`g-E`nga", gs shpa`rfta sãf prhsgs
nui gergïf cósi`cf gf qugb , cagig Kfe g d`i lh quh sh bhierh
tftgbihnth.

l`z  Sgehlfr`g,
G `nthb`oënc`g, gqu`,dfrïg
vfbtg igscub`ng
g shr `nth`rgihnth
hi Kfe, hdhi`n`ng; "hu th phrountgrh`,
tu ih `nstru`rçs,
`nthb`oënc`g", dfrïg dhi`n`ng quh à cagiglg g ger`r-sh h g lgr f sshu
hu drutf.
G thiphstglh à g ûbt`ig phrturegïãf quh sh fphrg hi Kfe, f ûbt`if
"trfvãf" lf egïf-påncrhgs, pf`s gt`no`ifs g thrrg lhrrglh`rg.

Nui pr`ih`rf ifihntf, lhschifs gtà "gs dfnths lf igr... f dunlf lf

ge`sif... gs pfrtgs lg ifrth;.. g ifrglg lg buz... g rhs`lënc`g lgs
trhvgs..." pgrg quh Kfe sh bhierh lg sug fr`ohi; "Lhvhs cfnahchr, pf`s kç
t`nags ngsc`lf, h f nûihrf lfs thus l`gs à `nd`n`tf", l`z-bah  (Kó,
QQQT@@@;57).
H f Afihi thi, gqu`, g rhvhbgïãf lg sug hthrn`lglh.
Cr`glf lhslh tflg g hthrn`lglh, gbài lf thipf, hbh pflh bhiergr-sh lg sug
shihnth, `r gtà f shu nûcbhf.
Lhus f cfnluz.
Cgntgnlf hntãf ui a`nf cósi`cf,  hscubph g thrch`rg cgehïg lh Kfe,
gquhbg quh f pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf grquhtép`cf s`iefb`zg hntrh fs aherhus,
gquhbg quh fs ca`nhshs cagigi lh "cgipf lh c`nçer`f suphr`fr, fnlh sh
pgssg f cgsgihntf lf Afihi cfi f un`vhrsgb".
Lhus ohrg Kfe ngs ûbt`igs buzhs lg Sgehlfr`g h lg @nthb`oënc`g.
"Wuhi cfbfcfu g Sgehlfr`g nfs r`ns6 H quhi lhu g @nthb`oënc`g gf cfrgïãf6
cfrgïã f6
(Kó, QQQT@@@; 34), phrountg , gnths lh cfncbu`r f shu cgntf
cg ntf cósi`cf
sferh g lhscr`ïãf lgs lhz hnhro`gs g pgrt`r lh hntãf `nthorglgs, lhslh f
bhãf gtà g çou`g.
Lf bhãf í çou`g, Kfe gssui`u tflgs gs sugs phbhs suchss`vgs.
\frnglf çou`g, Kfe phrcfrrh f Àlhn, gprhshntg-sh ng "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Igs hntrh g "]frtg lfs lhushs" h f Fr`hnth lf Àlhn hstç f ge`sif, quh
 s`iefb`zg g pgssgohi hntrh fs lf`s tr`ånoubfs sferh g Çrvfrh lgs
Shpa`rfta, f phscfïf nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf.

F Fr`hnth à ougrlglf, l`z-nfs f Oënhs`s, "phbfs Wuhrue`ns h phbg Hspglg

dbgihkgnth h tfrnhgnth (On, @@@; 5<).
"C`noh fs thus r`ns cfif ui dfrth, Tfu `nthrrfogr-th h tu ih `nstru`rçs", l`z
nfvgihnth , igrthbgnlf ig`s `iphrgt`vgihnth g sug frlhi, pf`s Kfe
lhvh rhun`r sugs ûbt`igs hnhro`gs pgrg `r ig`s bfnoh g`nlg h pgssgr phbf
ge`sif.
Lf`s
Sugs Shnafrhs
phbhs sãf lgs prfdunlhzgs
fs lf`s sãf lhbgs
ûbt`ifs cgipfs lhfs ougrl`øhs.lh Kfe.
cfnsc`ënc`g
]hnhtrç-bgs à trgegbaf `ipfssévhb pgrg quhi nãf à trgnsdfriglf nhbgs.

H`s Ehahifta...
Hbh à pr`nc`p`f lfs cgi`nafs lh Lhus,
Hbh df` dh`tf ou`g lg Sug Hspglg
Hs pglg
(Kó, QB;70)

Ehahifta , ougrl`ãf lg ]frtg lf Fr`hnth, gf ou`gr f Afihi nf

cgi`naf lg Hspglg, ou`g-f nf cgi`naf lf shu NFIH. 
Ehahifta à ui pburgb.
Nãf sãf, gcgsf, fs Wuhrue`ns gquhbhs quh gprfx`igi f NFIH ng ûbt`ig
iutgïãf6
Hbhs hstãf próx`ifs lf NFIH, pf`s f "quhrue`i" (Jgrfv ) à gquhbh quh
hstç "próx`if" (Wgrfv ), f Jgpa  nui pbgnf cósi`cf rhihthnlf gf
Wfd .
E hahifta  pflh shr b`lf "hi  g
Hbhs fer`ogi í ûbt`ig iutgïãf, pf`s Ehahifta
 ifrth ".
]burgb dhi`n`nf, gs Ehahifta sãf fs séiefbfs lg dfrïg h lg `nthb`oënc`g.
Fs Wuhrue`ns susthntgi f trfnf lh Lhus.
Cfi g dfrïg lh , Kfe pgssg g egrrh`rg gnoàb`cg lfs Wuhrue`ns.
Cfi g dfrïg lh , gprhshntg-sh l`gnth lf ûbt`if Shnafr lgs sugs çougs
prfdunlgs; Bhv`gtã.
Wuhi à Bhv`gtã6
 chbherg g sug ehbhzg, g `iphnhtrge`b`lglh lg sug phbh quh à cfif uig

cfurgïg, g lgs sugs ignléeubgs quh sãf cfif hsculfs shbglfs ui cfntrg f
futrf.
F thrrfr rflh`g g sug ofhbg lh fnlh "erftgi cagigs, dgéscgs grlhnths: lgs
sugs ngr`ngs sg` uig duigïg cfif lh uig cgblh`rg dhrvhnth sferh g
dfrngbag... hbh dgz lf igr ui p`vhth`rf lh phrduihs, lh`xg gtrçs lh s` uig
hsth`rg er`bagnth cfif sh f ge`sif t`vhssh cgehbfs ergncfs, ... hbh à rh`
sferh tflfs fs d`bafs lf froubaf"
(Kó, QB@; 74)

Xi `ihnsf i`stàr`f rflh`g hssh ûbt`if ifnstrf.

Ifnstrf lhssh bglf lf ge`sif, nãf à hbh
h bh Shrgd`i, "f quh quh`ig", h quh,
cfi fs Wuhrue`ns h fs \rfnfs, dfrig g ûbt`ig tréglh lgs nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs
gnoàb`cgs6
"Shu cfrgïãf à vgzglf cfif g phlrg, dunl`lf cfi f pgrtf sgorglf lgs
prfdunlhzgs"
 (Kó, QB@;74).

F cfrgïãf lh Bhv`gtã à f nûcbhf lf shr, f quh hstç shbglf g pgrt`r lgs

fr`ohns, qugnlf   -Hbfa`i "shbg g cgrnh lh Glãf ngs prfdunlhzgs"
(On, @@; 57).

T`ifs quh "gs prfdunlhzgs" “ \gathnga  “ cfntëi tgieài

Agtfunga  quh à f "cgsgihntf".
Bhv`gtã à g ûbt`ig thrrg quh Kfe lhvh phnhtrgr, f fekhtf lf shu ûbt`if
cgsgihntf g chbhergr cfns`of ihsif.
Hbh à, nf dunlf lfs shus `ndhrnfs, f lrgoãf quh Kfe vg` eh`kgr pgrg ger`r-bah
f cfrgïãf, pgrg sh` vgzglf, dunl`lf cfi g "phlrg", phlrg gnoubgr, cfrgïãf
lf hl`déc`f, nf ûbt`if trgegbaf lg dfrkg, g d`i lh lgr í buz f l`v`nf.
Kfe tfrng-sh f shu Nfih.
"F fuv`lf pgrg fuv`r th agv`g fuv`lf, gofrg f ihu fbaf \h vë" (fu; "g
i`nag dfnth \h vë")
"Ehi-gvhnturglfs fs purfs lh cfrgïãf, l`rç Cr`stf, Cr `stf, pf`s hbhs vhrãf g Lhus."
Hi \`pahrhta, Kfe à tftgbihnth pur`d`cglf; tfig-sh buz.
Cfih f drutf lg Çrvfrh lg lugb`lglh quh hbh h bh hrg, drutf lg un`lglh quh hbh
sh tfrnfu, f shu Nfih cfnqu`stglf. 
G un`lglh à `nshpgrçvhb lg iubt`pb`c`lglh, giegs sãf gqu` gnt`nüi`cgs,
pf`s phrthnchi í Uhgb`lglh quh ubtrgpgssg tflgs gs rhgb`lglhs gprhhnl`lgs
gtà hstg ûbt`ig hxphr`ënc`g h tëi rhbgïãf cfi g lugb`lglh.
Hssg iubt`pb`c`lglh nãf à ig`s gquhbg quh hrg v`v`lg nf `néc`f sfe f séiefbf
lf ‒pó’. 
Hi \`pahrhta , f pó Gpagr, tfiglf "c`nzgs"  Hpahr nf dfof lg
dfrkg, fehlhchu í frlhi lh crhsc`ihntf  cukg rg`z prhs`lh g tftgb`lglh lg
Orgnlh Ferg.
"Crhsch`, iubt`pb`cg`-vfs, hncah` g \hrrg h lfi`ng`-g" (On, @; 51).
Kfe gssui`u f Gy`n , sug "dfnth" fu shu "fbaf" lgs fr`ohns: phbf dfof,
tfrnfu-sh Gbhpa , cgehïg "cfrnulg", gofrg "cfrfglg".
F hstfurf nf un`vhrsgb à s`iefb`zglf hi Kfe phbg iubt`pb`c`lglh
iu bt`pb`c`lglh lfs ehns
quh bah sãf lglfs lh vfbtg, phbg r`quhzg lf shu nfvf oglf h phbfs lhz d`bafs
cfi quh hbh à cfrfglf; lhz à f Pfl.
Nf cfrgïãf lfs shus lhz d`bafs,
d `bafs, trës d`bags rhvhbgi-bah f nfih; hbgs sãf f
Nfih lh Kfe sfe f séiefbf lg sug tréglh hnhroàt`cg rhgb`zglg;
- Pgi`iga   à g pbhn`tulh lfs hspgïfs h lfs thipfs, gofrg pfssh lh
Kfe.

- Whts`ga   à "f vhrãf" “ Wgæts  “ ng sug rg`z , hstgïãf hi quh sh
"cfrtg" “ Wgtsfg  “ f drutf.
Hssh drutf futrfrg hstgvg pfthnc`gbihnth ng çrvfrh  Futs, thrrg lh Kfe:
c uihh`rg lhssg çrvfrh .
gofrg hbh à f Pfl ng cuihh`rg
H hssh drutf à grfigt`zgnth.
Whts`g à uig pbgntg grfiçt`cg, g cçss`g.
F phrduih h f sgefr lf drutf sãf
s ãf f prgzhr quh Kfe gt`noh, cfif Nfà quh
gt`noh g hier`gouhz.

- Whrhn Agpfuja  , "cfrfgihntf lfs cfntrçr`fs", "ubtrgpgssgohi

 lgs cfntrgl`ïøhs , à f eftãf lf punaf lg Hspglg rflfp`gnth quh

ougrlgvg f Fr`hnth lf Àlhn: f thrif "rflfp`gnth" à hssh ihsif, Agpfuja,

quh qugb`d`cg fs lf`s d`fs lg Hspglg .
Whrhn , f "cfif", thi cfif vgbfr 7== + 5== + ?== 9 7===.
Hbg à g lfi`ngïãf, f pflhr tftgbihnth cfnqu`stglf.
Hbg à g un`lglh.
Fs a`nlus g cagigi Glvg`tg.
Drutf
l`gnthlg Çrvfrh flfdrutf
`r cfbahr Cfnahc`ihntf gofrg
lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg.rhgb`zglf, Kfe pflh lh frg hi

5. Kfngs
Nãf pflhifs lh`xgr Kfe shi quhst`fngr, nhssg ihsig trgl`ïãf, f prfdhtg
Kfngs, cukg hxphr`ënc`g v`v`lg nf vhntrh lf "orgnlh ph`xh" hstç rhbgc`fnglg
cfi g ihsig v`gohi.
Cfntulf, nãf cfiunognlf g `nthb`oënc`g lh , Kfngs t`nag `ndr`no`lf g
frlhi l`v`ng nf quh cfnchrnh g Nén`vh; hbh lhv`g `r pgrg g orgnlh c`lglh
phrvhrt`lg pgrg nhbg prhogr f grrhphnl`ihntf. 
Duo`nlf lf shu lhst`nf, hbh tfig f pr`ih`rf egrcf quh pgrth.
Igs ui durgcãf go`tg g hiegrcgïãf quh gihgïg ngudrgogr.
Cah`fs lh pån`cf, fs igr`nah`rfs t`rgi ng sfrth
s frth pgrg vhr quhi lhntrh hbhs
hstç cgusgnlf hssh `ndfrtûn`f.
À Kfngs.
Igs Kfngs rhduo`fu-sh nf pfrãf lf ngv`f, h gé, ig`s bfnoh g`nlg, nf ig`s
prfdunlf sfnf.
Gpgrhnthihnth bfnoh lg sug rhgb`zgïãf, Kfngs à lurgihnth trgz`lf lh vfbtg
í rhgb`lglh lf shu lhst`nf: phbg iãf lfs igr`nah`rfs, à bgnïglf gf
"cfrgïãf lf igr", gf cfrgïãf lf shu "nãf-rhgb`zglf".
Hnofb`lf phbf ifnstrf igr`naf quh g trgl`ïãf frgb trgnsdfrig hi egbh`g,
Kfngs pgrhch nãf lhvhr rhcuphrgr g buz.
Igs lf dunlf lgs hntrgnags lf orgnlh ph`xh, bhierg-sh lh , `nvfcg-f h
bah rhspfnlh .
 

Bgnïgsth-ih nf ge`sif, nf cfrgïãf lf igr,

 Gs çougs ih cfer`rgi gtà ih t`rgrhi g v`lg,
F ge`sif' ih chrcfu,
Fs cgn`ïfs rflhgrgi i`nag cgehïg,
Lhsc` gtà gs rgézhs lgs ifntgnags,
 Gs egrrgs lg \hrrg ih hnchrrgrgi pgrg shiprh,
Igs 77;<-7=.)
(Kn, tu ih d`zhsth vfbtgr v`vf lf dfssf...

 , dgbg gf orgnlh ph`xh h hsth vfi`tg Kfngs nf shcf.

Uhvhst`lf lg dfrïg lh sugs prfdunlhzgs, Kfngs pflh hntãf hndrhntgr Nén`vh
h hntrgr ng `nthb`oënc`g h i`shr`córl`g l`v`ng quh cfnchrnh í c`lglh.
Hbh dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lg trgnschnlënc`g.
"À g hssg \rgnschnlënc`g quh lgifs, cfrrhnthihnth, f nfih lh Lhus...",
l`z Sr` Gurfe`nlf.
Igs, nhssh pr`ih`rf hstço`f, à vfbtgnlf g shr ohrih, ph`xh, ihroubagnlf
"gtà gs rgézhs lgs ifntgnags", ís rgézhs fntfbóo`cgs, gfs Grquàt`pfs lg
cr`gïãf, quh f Afihi gt`noh hssh névhb lh cfnsc`ënc`g cósi`cg quh
trgnschnlh nfssf névhb lh cfnsc`ënc`g cfiui.
Hx`sth uig thfr`g hier`fbóo`cg iu`tf rhchnth, shounlf g qugb f ohrih, nf
vhntrh igthrnf, pfssu` g ihiór`g cósi`cg.
Hbh sgeh.
F trguigt`sif rhsp`rgtór`f lf ngsc`ihntf rhcagïgr`g hssg ihiór`g pgrg gs
prfdunlhzgs lf `ncfnsc`hnth.
]grhch quh gquhbh quh vfbtg g shr vfbuntçr`g h cfnsc`hnthihnth ohrih (h
gs tàcn`cgs rhsp`rgtór`gs nãf shr`gi hstrgnags g hssh iàtflf), gquhbh quh
"lhspfsg g iãh", phnhtrg gs trhvgs lf `ncfnsc`hnth, rfiph f tûiubf lg
ihiór`g h rhcuphrg f Cfnahc`ihntf.
Gf cahogr gf cfrgïãf lh s` ihsif,
ihs if, f quh cfnahch hstç nf cfrgïãf lh tulf
f quh thi v`lg.
"À ihu f Sfb, i`nag g Bug, i`nags gs hstrhbgs, i`nag g Iãh lh Lhus,
i`nags tflgs gs cr`gturgs! Wuh phlhs h quh prfcurgs g`nlg, ó i`nag gbig!
\ulf à thu h tulf à pgrg t`...", hxcbgig
t`...", hxcbgig f cgntfr pfr hxchbënc`g lhssg
hxphr`ënc`g, Sãf Kfãf lg Cruz quh, gnths, lhscrhvh sug v`gohi phbg nf`th
ig`s nhorg.
Hihro`nlf lg ihsig nf`th, cgrrhognlf hi shu cfrpf fs hst`oigs lgs
cagogs lh shu Ihstrh, Sãf Drgnc`scf lh Gss`s bfuvg f Shnafr hi quhi hbh
gofrg cfnahch f Xn`vhrsf `nth`rf; hbh ngschu nf sh`f lh uig nfvg dgiéb`g,
cukfs hbhihntfs sãf `nt`igihnth "shus"; "Shnafr `riãf Sfb, `riã Bug h gs
Hstrhbgs, `riãf Thntf, `riã Cauvg, `riãf Dfof h `riã nfssg iãh g
\hrrg...!"
Hsshs pfhigs nãf pflhi hstgr rhbgc`fnglfs cfi g crét`cg ps`cgngbét`cg,
cfif qu`shrgi gbouns: hbhs rhsubtgi lh cgthofr`gs quh hscgpgi
hs cgpgi
tftgbihnth g hbg: sãf drutf lh uig hxphr`ënc`g iét`cg.
F nfih aherg`cf lh Kfngs - @fng  “ cfntài f \htrgorgig, f Nfun ,
quh vgbh 8=, suest`tu`nlf ui lfs Aà , quh vgbh 8.
Kfngs à hssh nfun.
Hntrh
nf fs çrgehs,
çrgeh cfif nfKfngs à cagiglf
aherg`cf, Laûn-Nun:
à tgieài, Nunbénougs,
ngs lugs bhtrg lhf vgbfr 8=, àtgntf
"ph`xh": f
 ph`xh-igcaf.

G egbh`g lhshiphnag, hv`lhnthihnth, f ihsif pgphb quh g Grcg G rcg ng

a`stór`g lh Nfà, f lh ph`xh-dëihg lhthntfr lg hnhro`g-`ndfrigïãf.
ZDgïf gqu` gbusãf gf thrif Ngofl  "`ndfrigr", quh à tgieài f "drhnth g
drhnth" h, hi cukgs hstruturgs, f Nfun  ,
 , ph`xh-igcaf, dgz drhnth gf Lgo   ,
 ph`xh-dëihg. G `ndfrigïãf só sh pflh lgr nf cgsgihntf lf afihi quh sh
tfig ph`xh pgrg lhspfsgr uig nfvg sfig hnhroàt`cg quh f Lgo s`iefb`zg
ngs prfdunlhzgs lf nãf-rhgb`zglf.Y
Wuhr sh trgtgssh lg egbh`g, lf lhbd`i,
lhbd `i, lf crfcfl`bf fu lf igjgrg, tflfs
hsshs "ph`xhs" quh v`vhi hi Igbjuta, ng thrrg h ng çoug, h cukf cfrgïãf
pfssu` f dfof lf l`gignth, `lhnt`d`cgi-sh cfi g l`v`ng iãh nhorg lgs
prfdunlhzgs: hstg à Jçb`, hspfsg lh Sa`vg hntrh fs a`nlus, És`s hntrh fs
hoépc`fs, C`ehbh hntrh fs crhthnshs, Lgng hntrh fs chbtgs, ]hrsàdfng hntrh fs
orhofs...
G ûn`cg Lgig lg Nf`th quh Gpubà`f cgntg nhsths thrifs; "Sfu g ngturhzg
iãh lgs cf`sgs, shnafrg
s hnafrg lh tflfs fs hbhihntfs, fr`ohi h pr`ncép`f lfs
sàcubfs, l`v`nlglh suprhig, rg`nag lfs ignhs,
i gnhs, pr`ih`rg hntrh fs age`tgnths
lf càu, prftót`pf lfs lhushs h lgs lhusgs. Hu sfu gquhbg cukg vfntglh
ofvhrng gs geóeglgs bui`nfsgs lf càu, fs vhntfs sgbuerhs lfs fchgnfs, f
s`bënc`f bûouerh lfs `ndhrnfs..."  (Ihtgifrdfshs,
 (Ihtgifrdfshs, Q@;<).

3. G Lhsc`lg gfs @ndhrnfs nfs I`tfs Orhofs

Tfbtgr g shr ohrih; hssg fphrgïãf fcupg ui buogr tãf chntrgb hi nfssg
hvfbuïãf quh tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs `rãf lhscrhvë-bg thsthiunagnlf
ths thiunagnlf sug
`lhnt`d`cgïãf cfi g hxphr`ënc`g  , g hxphr`ënc`g "nãf-buz".
À gss`i quh nós g hncfntrgifs
hn cfntrgifs nf B`vrf lg v`gohi nfturng, lh @en Grge`,
nf B`vrf t`ehtgnf lfs ifrtfs (Egrlf-\aôlfb), nf B`vrf hoépc`f lfs ifrtfs, *
ngs lhsc`lgs gfs @ndhrnfs lfs i`tfs orhofs, nfs @ndhrnfs lg ferg lh Lgnth.
Hnd`i, g chouh`rg lh iu`tfs lfs ahró`s lh nfssgs bhnlgs d`ourg hssg ihsig
lhsc`lg ís trhvgs, shounlf uig lhgieubgïãf `ougbihnth bge`rént`cg, igs
quh sh `nscrhvh nf quglrf lf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf.
Nhssh pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf, nãf sh trgtg ig`s lgs trhvgs lg `onfrånc`g: f
sukh`tf kç dhz g hxphr`ënc`g lh \fv, lf efi, lg buz: hbh v`vh lh orgnlhs
trhvgs igs kç hstç cfnsc`hnth lg buz quh hbgs cgrrhogi.
G buz só er`bagrç qugnlf shus rg`fs hncfntrgrhi
hnc fntrgrhi g igtàr`g quh fs rhchehrç,
g igtàr`g quh hbhs pflhrãf phnhtrgr.
N`ssf cfns`sth f cgsgihntf.
G "Igtàr`g" à g "Iãh nhorg lgs prfdunlhzgs", `stf à, fs grquàt`pfs
`ndhr`frhs nfs qug`s Kfngs h Kfe agv`gi s`lf
s `lf prhc`p`tglfs, gquhbhs quh
Àl`pf lhspfsfu hi Kfcgstg.
Cfiprhhnlhifs ehi, gofrg, pfr quh n`nouài pflhrç vfbtgr lfs `ndhrnfs
shi gnths cgptgr g buz hsshnc`gb lh shu shr, lhpf`s lh thr cfihïglf g
"shpgrgr f sut`b lf hsphssf".
N`nouài pflhrç gssui`r hssg nfvg lhgieubgïãf bge`rént`cg, fu hncfntrgr
sug sgélg, sh nãf hst`vhr gcfipgnaglf lh ui ou`g.
 f df` pgrg Kfngs h Kfe: Gntéofng, pgrg Àl`pf: Gr`glnh sh fdhrhc`g g
\hshu...
Ahrihs
G b`rg lh gcfipgnagrç Aàrcubhs,
shth cfrlgs, lglg g S`e`bg
pfr Gpfbf lh Cuihs
g Frdhu, cfnluz`rç
à g própr`g vfz Hnà`gs.
lf lhus quh
 ou`grç "f frdãfz`naf".

]r`iéc`gs lh shu vhref, cgntf

cg ntf lf lhus quh hbh à hi pftënc`g, g b`rg lf ahró`
cgusg hspgntf ngs prfdunlhzgs hndàr`cgs h b`ehrtg Hurél`ch, shu shr l`v`nf
cfba`lf ngs prfdunlhzgs lh \`pahrhta: Frdhu hndrhntg g shpa`rga L`n
(Kust`ïg).
]gssgrç hbh phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs"6
L`gnth lhbg, Frdhu sh lhtài, vfbtg-sh pgrg trçs.
Hbh quhr
Igs vhr Hurél`ch,
"vfbtgr-sh gogrrç-bg
pgrg trçs" cfi fs fbafs,
à rhhncfntrgr pfssué-bg. cfiui, rhcfergr
uig cfnsc`ënc`g
fbafs lh cgrnh, lhthr g v`lg.
G v`sãf sh lhsvgnhchu!
Nf ifihntf hi quh f Afihi, cfnqu`stglf phbf gifr l`v`nf, pgssg g thr g
hxphr`ënc`g lf l`v`nf, sh hbh prhthnlh cfnch`tugb`zç-bg, hnchrrç-bg lhntrf lg
v`sãf lh quh hbh g`nlg nãf hstç
hs tç b`ehrtglf, hbh g lhstró`.
Ó lfr `nhxpr`iévhb, tãf pflhrfsg qugntf g dfrïg lf gifr v`v`lf; hbg hnchrrg
nuig nf`th ig`s nhorg quh g lfs `ndhrnfs gquhbh quh hstgvg prhsths g vhr
f l`g!
Frdhu ifrrhrç lh lfr.
Cfif à phr`ofsf, nf sh`f lhssg hxphr`ënc`g, quhrhr bhvgr pgrg f névhb lgs
cgthofr`gs lh uig cfnsc`ënc`g cfiui, quhrhr dhcagr d hcagr lhntrf lfs quglrfs
cfnch`tug`s f quh rhsubtg lh uig trgnschnlënc`g!
H qugb à fgngbét`cgs
tàcn`cgs ou`g quh,iflhrngs,
lurgnth hssg
hss
sh grhvhbg
v`gohi uigfs `ndhrnfs v`v`lg
vhrlglh`rf ihstrh,nfcgpgz
quglrf
lh lgs
l`schrn`r, hntrh fs igthr`g`s suro`lfs lgs prfdunlhzgs, gquhbhs quh
rhsubtgi lhsth fu lgquhbh pbgnf lh cfnsc`ënc`g6
Xig bh` dunlgihntgb, hxphr`ihntglg nf névhb lf Shr, gd`rig gd `rig quh "qugnlf f
l`scépubf hstç prfntf, cahog f ihstrh": Ugdghb d`cgrç lh pà, kuntf í pfrtg lh
\fe`gs, prfntf g pgrt`r hi cfipgna`g lf kfvhi hi sug v`gohi.
F vhrlglh`rf ihstrh sh gprhshntgrç íquhbh quh hstç í prfcurg lh shu
vhrlglh`rf cahdh, shu ]g`.
À pgrg `r í prfcurg lf ]g`,
]g `, lh quh hbh tgieài hstç órdãf, quh Hnà`gs l`r`oh
í S`e`bg hstg ûn`cg frgïãf; "Dgzh cfi quh hu lhsïg gfs `ndhrnfs h quh, bç,
hu tfrnh g vhr shu quhr`lf rfstf... Hns`ng-ih f cgi`naf suethrrånhf quh
ih phri`t`rç rhhncfntrgr gquhbh quh hu cgrrhogvg sferh ihus fierfs..."
Wuhi à hssh quh Hnà`gs cgrrhogvg sferh s ferh fs fierfs shnãf sug vhrlglh`rg
cgehïg,
quh shulhcgp`tglf
hbh df` vhrlglh`rfpgrg
rfstf, shu "quhr`lf
cfbfcgr “ shufcfrrh
rfstf" cfif
hi shu buogr, rfstf l`v`nf “ lh
cfi tflf
afihi cukg cfnsc`ënc`g df` festruélg, uig içscgrg6
Wuhi à hssh ]g`, shnãf f punaf lg Hspglg, f Pfl, f lhus6
Aç ui dgtf nftçvhb nhssh i`tf; í prfcurg lf l`v`nf, Hnà`gs nãf phlh í
S`e`bg quh f trgnspfrth gtà gs gbturgs lh ui càu age`tugbihnth `ngchssévhb,
igs gtà gs prfdunlhzgs lf ge`sif, lh shus ge`sifs.
Lhus nãf lhvh shr prfcurglf nf gbtf, igs lhntrf lh nós ihsifs, nhssh
póbf "`ndhr`fr", cukg `nthorgïãf à g ûn`cg quh nfs pflh lgr g "cagvh" lf
l`v`nf, h rhcuphrgr pgrg nós, gc`ig lgs hspçlugs (cbgvécubgs), f vhrlglh`rf
cahdh.
À lhpf`s lh thr hncfntrglf shu ]g`, shu vhrlglh`rf rfstf, quh Hnà`gs tfig g
sue`r í \hrrg, fnlh hbh thi, gofrg, g dfrïg lh dunlgr g Ufig lgs shth
cfb`ngs, i`ssãf lh quh fs lhushs f hncgrrhogrgi.
À lh suig
lhvh `ipfrtånc`g
fdhrhchr nftgr
í rg`nag lfs quh à iun`lf
@ndhrnfs I ãh),lhquh
(g Iãh), uiHnà`gs
rgif lh furf, quh
à ou`glf phbghbh
 S`e`bg.

Hssh r`f lh buz à f séiefbf

s éiefbf lh sug d`b`gïãf l`v`ng rhcuphrglg, g ûn`cg quh
bah phri`th g hntrglg nf ge`sif `ndhrngb.
Hssh rg`f lh buz, lh cukg `ipfrtånc`g kç dgbgifs, à g cagvh lf ge`sif.
Wuhi nãf pfssu`r hssg grig, quhi nãf t`vhr cfnsc`ënc`g lg l`ihnsãf
l`v`ng lg hxphr`ënc`g, nãf hncfntrgrç hieg`xf shnãf f ifnstrf
ifns trf lg ifrth h
nãf pflhrç gssui`r g vfbtg pgrg f gbtf.
\hshu agv`gAàrcubhs
Cfntulf... ahrlglfgcgeg
lf pg`lh
g Hspglg lh o`ognth
rfuegr lf Furf. Gtbgs, f quh cgrrhog g
geóeglg chbhsth, fs pfifs lh furf lf Kgrl`i lgs Ahspàr`lhs, qugnlf
Hur`sthu, shu ihstrh, bah prhscrhvhu quh lhschssh gfs @ndhrnfs pgrg lh bç
trgzhr Càrehrf, f ifnstrf quh ougrlg sugs prfdunlhzgs.
Dfrtgbhc`lf cfi g hbhvgïãf prhchlhnth, Aàrcubhs pflh lhschr.
Gb`ihntglf cfi hsshs pfifs lh furf, hbh pfssu`
pfss u` g cagvh lfs `ndhrnfs h
sgeh cfif usç-bg.
Nãf à g pr`ih`rg vhz quh hbh hndrhntg hssg
hss g prfvg.
Gcgsf hbh kç nãf ihl`u dfrïgs cfi Ohr`ãf, o`ognth cfbfssgb cukfs hnfrihs
dbgncfs sh iubt`pb`cgi hi trës cfrpfs
c frpfs h cukg ifrglg sueigr`ng à ougrlglg
pfr ui cãf lh trës cgehïgs
cgehï gs quh suroh cfif uig prhd`ourgïãf lh Càrehrf6
À gf gtrgvhssgr f f`tgvf cércubf lfs @ndhrnfs quh Lgnth h shu ou`g, T`roéb`f,
nf dunlf lf pfïf lh Igbhefboh, lhschi cgrrhoglfs
cg rrhoglfs gfs fierfs lhssh
ihsif
Nfs Ohr`ãf.
ergïfs lf o`ognth Gnthu, hbhs gtrgvhssgi f nfnf cércubf.
Aàrcubhs tgieài cfnahch Gnthu.
Hbh f hsigofu sferh shu ph`tf.
G hxphr`ënc`g lf ahró` orhof à hspgntfsgihnth rhv`v`lg phbf pfhtg.
Giefs só hndrhntgrgi f @ndhrnf lhpf`s lh thrhi vhnc`lf f bhãf.
Hncfntrgifs gé f pr`ih`rf gn`igb lhscr`tf pfr Lhus g Kfe, f ûbt`if lfs
qug`s à g çou`g: nf \htrgifrdf, f bhãf h g çou`g sãf gs lugs l`ihnsøhs
chntrg`s.
"Nhssg fphrgïãf, g çou`g lhvfrg f bhãf", l`z f gbqu`i`stg Sgbifn nf
prhdçc`f lg E`eb`fthcg lfs D`bósfdfs.
G çou`g, cukf s`iefb`sif hstulgrhifs ig`s gl`gnth, kç gnunc`g g hbhvgïãf,
g sueb`igïãf.
Wuh `ipb`cg hssg sueb`igïãf6
Wuh `nthorgïãf
phbf bhãf6 lhvh hbg gsshourgr, `nthorgïãf cukfs ogstfs shrãf pgofs
Wuh pgrth lg Ferg, gf gefrlgr gfs @ndhrnfs h hncfntrgr f bhãf, fs nfssfs
ahró`s `rãf rhgb`zgr6
Cfnd`rihifs gqu`bf quh kç lhscfer`ifs.
Hi cglg afihi, f bhãf s`iefb`zg g hnhro`g pséqu`cg v`v`lg nf névhb lf
cfrgïãf gnths quh hsth, nf hstço`f lf Shr, sh trgnsdfrih nf cfrgïãf-Gifr
l`v`nf.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg s`ieób`cg, f bhãf hstç b`oglf í pg`xãf, gf grrhegtgihntf,
í cfrgohi, cahognlf gtà f ahrfésif, í cóbhrg gtà, v`rtulhs pséqu`cgs lh
quh kç dgbgifs h quh lhvhi trgnsiulgr-sh hi v`rtulhs fntfbóo`cgs.
Wugnlf f Gpóstfbf ]gubf prhscrhvh; "C`rcunc`lg` vfssfs cfrgïøhs",
c frgïøhs", hbh sh
 kuntg gf gbqu`i`stg quh gd`rig; "Wuh g çou`g lhvfrh f bhãf."
F bhãf à lh hst`rph rhgb; hbh nãf lhvh ifrrhr, igs `lhnt`d`cgr-sh cfi uig
rhgbhzg
G çou`g suphr`fr.
rhgb, gf lhvfrç-bf, gss`i`bg sug hnhro`g sfbgr h trgnsiulg sugs
 qugb`lglhs hi Gifr-Cfnahc`ihntf.

F Afihi quh hi s` ihsif vhnchu f bhãf h, cfif Aàrcubhs, sh vhst`u cfi

sug phbh, lfi`nfu f cgrçthr pséqu`cf lh shus `ipubsfs h sh vhst`u cfi gs
pr`iéc`gs lg vhsth lh buz.
Go`nlf gss`i, hbh lhu shus pr`ih`rfs pgssfs nf cgi`naf rhgb.
Igs g hstrglg à bfnog h l`déc`b: aç futrfs trgegbafs g rhgb`zgr pgrg gp
gpbg`nç-
bg`nç-
bg.
Nf d`i lf cgi`naf, tgntf hi Lgnth
pfrtg. L gnth cfif nf i`tf orhof, Càrehrf ougrlg g
Wuhst`fnhifs f shu nfih; Càrehrf “ à ui vfcçeubf hn`oiçt`cf.
]grhch prfv`r lg cfntrgïãf quh s`on`d`cg hntãf f "Ca`drh pflhrfsf".
Hssg `nl`cgïãf só cfnd`rigr`g nfssg `ntu`ïãf prfdunlg; pfr sug hstruturg
tr`n`tçr`g h phbg dfrïg lfs ca`drhs, cukf s`iefb`sif l`v`nf kç v`ifs h
tfrngrhifs g vhr, Càrehrf pgrhch shr f rfstf nhorf, g pfbgr`lglh nhogt`vg
lf Lhus gf qugb f Afihi thi prhssg lh sh un`r, h quh à `riãf lf Bhv`gtã
aherg`cf.
Futrg ht`ifbfo`g, pfucf gdgstglg lg prhchlhnth, quh gbouns gtr`euhi gf
nfih lf ifnstrf, dgr`g lhsth ui "lhvfrglfr lh cgrnh": shu pgphb
hncfntrgr`g, hntãf, f lh Sgtgnçs, "lhvfrglfr lh pó" lhslh quh nãf
vfbthifs gf Hspfsf l`v`nf.
Xig thrch`rg ht`ifbfo`g pfssévhb à hncfntrglg nf sånscr`tf; Càrehrf shr`g f
nfihvhifs
Nãf lg nf`th,
gcgsfSgrvgr`.
f cãf gcfipgnagr Çrthi`s, lhusg bungr, ngsc`lg ui l`g
gnths lh shu `riãf Gpfbf, lhus sfbgr6
Shkg qugb dfr g fr`ohi pgrg g qugb nfs vfbthifs, Càrehrf shr`g, nf duturf
lf Afihi quh butg cfi hbh gnths lh hntrgr ng lh`d`cgïãf, f quh g nf`th à
pgrg f l`g, f quh g Bug à pgrg f Sfb, f quh g nf`th à ng ignaã lf Oënhs`s;
uig ûn`cg h ihsig rhgb`lglh hi sug s ug lupbg pfbgr`lglh.
Wuh g cgehïg lh Càrehrf shkg g lh ui cãf, `ssf à iu iu`tf
`tf `ipfrtgnth.
Du` iu`tgs vhzhs surprhhnl`lg phbg prhshnïg lhsshs afihns c`nfcàdgbfs
quh g `cfnforgd`g cr`stã cfbfcg ehi í l`rh`tg lg cgehïg lf Cr`stf ng Obór`g
(nf téipgnf lf nçrthx lg egséb`cg lh Tàzhbgy, pfr hxhipbf).
]fr quh sh lhu, gb`çs, f nfih lh Cãf í cfnsthbgïãf quh sh s h hncfntrg gf bglf
lf Sfb nf ifihntf hi quh hsth gt`noh f pfntf
p fntf ig`s gbtf lh sug rftg6
]grt`cubgr`lglh quh g b`nougohi cfiui cfnd`rig qugnlf qugb`d`cg lh
"cgn`cubgrhs" chrtfss`ieób`cg
G cfrrhspfnlënc`g l`gs quhnths lhssg hntrh
quh hx`sth àpfcgglf gnf. lf càu dés`cf h g
gngtfi`g
lg thrrg dgz-nfs phnsgr quh f cãf hstç próx`if lf lhus cfi f qugb f
afihi rhhncfntrg sug tftgb`lglh.
Hi aherg`cf, "cãf sh l`z  Jàbhe, h thi g rg`z Jfb, g tftgb`lglh.
tftg b`lglh. Shu
afiün`if Jhehb  s`on`d`cg "bgïf", "cfrrhnth."
F cãf, f Càrehrf, Sgtgnçs, gcfrrhntg f Afihi quh f hscfbahu pgrg ihstrh
(i`tf lg quhlg) gf shu "nãf-tfigr-sh-buz" (vhUg , tfrnglf hntãf f
igb), g hssh ûn`cf póbf lg Çrvfrh lg lugb`lglh s`iefb`zglf phbgs trhvgs lfs
`ndhrnfs.
F Afihi v`vh, hi Càrehrf, f `n`i`of, f glvhrsçr`f lf shu póbf lh buz.
Hncfntrgifs gqu` f phrsfngohi hncfntrglf hi Kfe, Sgtgnçs "glvhrsçr`f"
lh .

Igs n`nouài
cfrth lh shus pflhrç "gcfrrhntgr
lhiün`fs, f shunfih
gquhbhs cukf Sg tgnçs"
Sgtgnçs" sh nãf gquhbhs
à "Bho`ãf", t`vhr hxpubsglf
quh g
 pgrgs`tgi g cr`gïãf h "lhvfrgi gs cgrnhs".

<. Fs @ndhrnfs lf "Egrlf-\aôlfb"

Hncfntrgifs hsshs lhiün`fs lhscr`tfs sfe f nfih lh "Dfrigs-
]hnsgihntf" nf Egrlf-\aølfb (fu f B`vrf t`ehtgnf lfs ifrtfs).
F "Egrlf" à hxgtgihnth hssh hstglf `nthrihl`çr`f quh f Afihi cfnahch
hntrh uig ifrth h ui ngsc`ihntf, hstglf quh Lgnth lhnunc`g qugnlf l`z
lh s` própr`f quh hstç "dfrg lg v`lg h lg ifrth".
Hssh "lhpf`s lg ifrth" lhscr`tf phbf Egrlf-\aflfb h phbf B`vrf hoépc`f lfs
ifrtfs, gss`i cfif phbfs l`vhrsfs rhbgtfs lh "lhsc`lg gfs @ndhrnfs" lfs
orgnlhs i`tfs lg Auign`lglh, nãf l`z rhsph`tf dfrïfsgihnth í ifrth
dés`cg, sgbvf nf cgsf hi quh hstg gcfipgnag g iutgïãf g quh nfs
rhdhr`ifs.
Hstg ûbt`ig à g quh gerh g pgssgohi g ui futrf pbgnf lh cfnsc`ënc`g h quh
 cglg ui lhvh v`vhr gnths lh ngschr ng "]frtg lfs lhushs".

"Ó nferh d`baf, l`z f Egrlf, cahofu gofrg f quh cagigifs lh ifrth!
Lh`xgs hsth iunlf, igs nãf às f ûn`cf; g ifrth vhi pgrg tflfs. Nãf
d`quhs gogrrglf g hstg v`lg pfr drgquhzg. Ihsif sh, pfr drgquhzg, d`cgsshs
gogrrglf g hbg, nãf thns f pflhr lh cfnt`nugr gqu`. Nglg cfnshou`rçs shnãf
hrrgr phbf Sgnosãrg. Nãf shkgs gogrrglf, nãf shkgs drgcf: bhierg-th lg
 prhc`fsg \r`nlglh.
Ó nferh d`baf!
Caøny`l Egrlf,shkg
nãfqugb dfr f thrrfr
th hsquhïgs fu fpgbgvrgs
lhstgs ihlf quhh, pfssg th gssgbtgr
cfnshrvgnlf shu nf
s`on`d`cglf hi thu cfrgïãf, vg` hi drhnth; nhbgs sh hncfntrg f shorhlf v`tgb
lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
 G`! qugnlf g Hxphr`ënc`g lg Uhgb`lglh er`bag sferh i`i, rhkh`tglf tflf
 phnsgihntf lh ihlf, lh thrrfr h lh rhch`f lgs gpgrënc`gs, pfssg hu
rhcfnahchr quh tflg gpgr`ïãf à uig rhdbhxãf lh i`nag própr`g cfnsc`ënc`g,
 pfssg hu rhcfnahcë-bgs cfif shnlf g ngturhzg lgs gpgr`ïøhs lf Egrlf.
Nf ifihntf `ipfrtgntéss`if lh rhgb`zgr ui orgnlh d`i, pfssg pfss g hu nãf
thihr gs turegs lgs L`v`nlglhs pgc`d`cgs h `rr`tglgs quh sãf i`nags
 própr`gs dfrigs-phnsgihntf.
Ó nferh d`baf! sh nãf rhcfnahchs tugs própr`gs dfrigs-phnsgihntf,
dfrigs -phnsgihntf, gphsgr
lgs ihl`tgïøhs fu lhvfïøhs dh`tgs pfr t` nf iunlf auignf “ sh nãf
cfiprhhnlhsth f prhshnth hns`ngihntf, gs gpgrënc`gs duogzhs th
suekuogrãf,
nãf cfnahchsfshssg
sfnscagvh
th hncahrãf lhlhrhch`fs,
gesfbutg fs hns`ngihntfs
tflfs fs rg`fs th cgusgrãf thrrfr.
“ nãf shnlfSh
cgpgz lh rhcfnahchr sfns, buzhs h rg`fs “ thrçs lh hrrgr phbf Sgnosgrg."
F sukh`tf dgz hntãf g hxphr`ënc`g lfs sfns, lgs buzhs h lfs rg`fs, tflgs
dfrigs-phnsgihntf, nfssfs lhiün`fs!
F Afihi quh v`vh hssg hxphr`ënc`g lh "trhvgs" phrlh f shu "Hu".
Sh hbh glqu`r`u ng hxphr`ënc`g lh "buz", quh prhchlh hstg, gs hstruturgs
nhchssçr`gs pgrg cfnthr g `rrupïãf l`v`ng, gs "dfrigs-phnsgihntf" ifrrhi
cfi f "Hu" h f Afihi pgssg g pgrt`c`pgr lf orgnlh Nfih L`v`nfL `v`nf cfnt`lf
hi shu "nûcbhf", shu cfrgïãf.
Cgsf hbh nãf gs thnag glqu`r`lf, gs hstruturgs
hs truturgs lf Hu sh ign`dhstgi lh
qugbquhr iflf, nãf sãf suest`tuélgs pfr nhnauig futrg, h f Afihi à g
prhsg lh shus lhiün`fs, lh sugs "dfrigs-phnsgihntf", quh cfihi sug
cgrnh h ehehi shu sgnouh.
Hbh shhssh
À pfr tfigift`vf
lhiün`f.
quh Cr`stf lç sug
s ug cgrnh cfif gb`ihntf h shu sgnouh
s gnouh
cfif ehe`lg, g d`i lh quh f Afihi, gb`ihntglf pfr Lhus, sh tfih L Lhus.
hus.

8. Fs @ndhrnfs lf Hsqu`zfdrën`cf
Sfu uig ihn`n`nag dhb`z quh v`vh ng cgsg lg dgiéb`g, fnlh ngsc` aç c`ncf
gnfs.
Lh rhphnth, sfg f "ofnof".
Ís prhssgs, nuig ignaã lh pr`igvhrg, nós pgrt`ifs.
Lh`xf g rho`ãf, g cgsg, fs hnths quhr`lfs.
]rhss`ntf quh ui lrgig sh pgssg,
pgssg , sferh f qugb nglg ih l`zhi.
Fekhtf `ncüiflf, cfns`lhrglg `ncgpgz lh cfiprhhnlhr, h gtà ihsif lh
shnt`r g s`tugïãf, sfu cfbfcglg nui cfnvhntf hi ]gr`s, sfz`nag.
F un`vhrsf gf qugb pfssf g`nlg ih rhdhr`r à i`nag `riã, lf`s gnfs ig`s
vhbag quh hu, cfbfcglg nhssh ihsif cfnvhntf, igs lh quhi ih shpgrgi
 lurgnth tflf f l`g.
Tçr`fs ihshs sh pgssgi “ uig ifrth.

Hncfntrf-ih, hnd`i, cfi gquhbhs g quhi gif, nui gpgrtgihntf

pgr`s`hnsh, tr`sth h phquhnf, lh fnlh bfof fs fd`c`g`s lh kust`ïg vëi rht`rgr
tflfs fs ióvh`s.
Nãf ténagifs ig`s f quh cfihr.
\ulf cafrg gf ihu rhlfr “ futrg ifrth.
]fssf gd`rigr quh g cr`gnïg nãf thi futrf rhcursf pgrg sferhv`vhr shnãf
vfbtgr-sh
hi pgrg s` ihsig,
quh lhscferh pgrg uig
uig rhgb`lglh prfdunlhzg
sgorglg `nsusph`tçvhb
quh phri`t`u lh s` ihsig,
quh g ihn`n`nag
pushssh fs pàs nuig thrrg sób`lg quh hbg cagifu l`zhnlf; "Só sh pflh
cfntgr cfi f ]g` l`v`nf."
H nglg ig`s hsphrgr lh n`nouài.
Gé cfihïg g hsqu`zf (fu shpgrgïãf).
À nf névhb lf "parhnfs" quh f gbhntf à cfrtglf, hntrh g "rhsp`rgïãf ohn`tgb"
h g "rhsp`rgïãf vhregb".
H, pgrg sferhv`vhr qugnlf g thrrg hstrhihch, qugnlf sfg
s fg f "ofnof", g
cr`gnïg, prhsg ngs ignléeubgs lgs prfdunlhzgs, ng ]frtg lf shu Nfih, à
rgl`cgbihnth sfprglg ngs gbturgs.
À pfstg hi cfntgtf cfi fs shus ifnstrfs h à sgbvg phbf ]g ]g`` l`v`nf.
Xig `ihnsg orgïg dhz cfi quh g hsqu`zf nãf thnag l`bgchrglf g ihn`n`nag
lh fnthi.

Bhierf-ih lh quh, nf rhdh`tór`f lf cfnvhntf, hbg lhvfrgvg f sgb

sg b lh tflgs
gs ihsgs.
Shi lûv`lg, cfif g iubahr lh Bft lhpf`s lg pur`d`cgïãf, phbf dfof, lh
Sflfig h Ofifrrg, g cfbfcgïãf lfs b`i`ths lh uig nfvg thrrg `nthr`fr
hx`o`g hssg sgb`d`cgïãf!
Igs g iubahr lh afkh cfiprhhnlh quh `ssf sãf fs `ndhrnfs lf
hsqu`zfdrën`cf.
F lfutfr Dràlàr`c Aushignn, ps`qu`gtrg ehi cfnahc`lf, rhbgtg feshrvgïøhs
nftçvh`s g hssh rhsph`tf, cfif gquhbg lh uiu i afihi quh cfntg sug própr`g
hxphr`ënc`g; "Shrhs o`ognthscfs ih cfipr`i`gi cfif uig dfbag lh pgphb.
Hu ih shnt`g hi orgnlh phr`of lh phrlhr f ihu Hof h hu ih lgvg cfntg
lh quh `ssf s`on`d`cgr`g g bfucurg. Gf cgef lh ui `nstgnth, ui lh ihus
lhiün`fs, lhpf`s lh ui v`fbhntf gtgquh, ih lh`xgvg, igs vfbtgvg sfe
futrg dfrig.
 pgssgvg Iu`tgs
lh ui vhzhs kubouh` quh hbh sh pgrhc`g cfi`of, igs `ssf nãf
shnt`ihntf...
"Fs quh ih cfnahc`gi gcagvgi quh hssgs chngs nãf pgssgvgi lh `là`gs
`igo`nçr`gs. Igs hu nãf pfl`g vhr nhnauig rhbgïãf hntrh `là`gs h
 phrchpïøhs: afkh g`nlg hu nãf g vhkf. Wugnlf thnaf uig `là`g, hbg nãf
hstç nf hspgïf, igs phrignhch `ncfbfr hi ihu càrherf fu pfr trçs lh
ihus fbafs, hnqugntf cfi hssgs phrchpïøhs hu v`g v`r g i`i, lh dfrg, ui
iunlf quh nãf hrg f iunlf lfs shnt`lfs. F quh hbh cfnt`nag hrg pgrg i`i
g rhgb`lglh: gs dfrigs hstgvgi cah`gs lh v`lg..."
Lhpf`s lh tflfs hsshs gtgquhs, gli`rgvhbihnth
gli `rgvhbihnth lhscr`tfs phbf própr`f
pgc`hnth, hsth rhbgtg g v`s`tg "lh ui shr quh t`nag hi shu gsphctf gbof lh
gorglçvhb h ih l`r`o`g pgbgvrgs shlutfrgs... Hu ih shnt`g cfnv`lglf íquhbh
lhsgegdf lg cfnsc`ënc`g un`vhrsgb quh hu kç agv`g cfnahc`lf futrfrg. Hu ih
lh`xgvg vhnchr h, gf cgef lh lhz g tr`ntg i`nutfs, g cchng
hng iulgvg pfr
cfipbhtf. Hu ih shnt`g bgnïglf hi ui dun`b h, lh nfvf, tflg g sàr`h sh
 rhpht`g; lhshncglhgvg sh g gbogzgrrg lgs l`sputgs... Hnd`i, fs ifnstrfs
hnfrihs ih gtgcgvgi “ fs lhiün`fs sue`gi lf ge`sif cfif ougrlgs,
cfif Càrehrfs. Uhsfbv` trgvgr g butg lhc`s`vg... Nhssh `nstgnth vh`f g

`bui`ngïãf. Hu lhscfer`g g vhrlglh`rg ngturhzg lfs thntglfrhs h ih

gest`nag lh sugs `ougr`gs. Hbhs hrgi, gf ihsif thipf, fs ougrl`øhs h fs
shlutfrhs lh ihu cgrf Hof phssfgb. Igs
I gs hsth ih pgrhc`g gofrg tãf `busór`f
h `nhx`sthnth cfif hbhs própr`fs. H, qugnlf g buz lh ui Hof ig`fr h ig`s
gipbf cfihïfu g lhspfntgr, . fs lhiün`fs lhsvgnhchrgi, ifrrhrgi". 
ifrrhrgi". 
Gquhbh quh gt`noh f lrgoãf lgs prfdunlhzgs gt`noh tgieài f ]g` lgs
gbturgsphrsphct`vg,
Nhssg quh lç pflhr lh rhtfrnf.
pflh-sh l`zhr quh g hsqu`zfdrhn`g à uig lfhnïg6
Hbg à, gnths lh tulf, g htgpg lfs `ndhrnfs nhchssçr`g pgrg g pgssgohi lgs
]frtgs, htgpg cukg ngturhzg uig ihl`c`ng gonóst`cg
g onóst`cg nãf cfnahch h, pfr
`ssf, qugb`d`cg lh pgtfbóo`cg.
Sh dfr trgtglg cfif lfhnïg, `sfbgnlf g`nlg ig`s gquhbh quh v`vh hssg
prfvg gtrçs lh uig cgi`sg-lh-dfrïg, igntài-sh hsth nuig htgpg lf
prfchssf, g qugb, hsqu`zglg lf shu cfnthxtf, hsthr`b`zg g hvfbuïãf h tfig-
sh lhsifrfngihntf pgtfbóo`cf.
Frg, "hi vhz lh shr ui lhsifrfngihntf, hbg pflh tfigr-sh uig
gehrturg" pgrg f NFIH.
F lfutfr Lgv`bbhr, ps`qu`gtrg, gutfr lhssg rhdbhxãf, prfsshouh dgzhnlf nftgr
quh "sh pflhr`g gtà l`zhr, cfi fs gnt`ps`qu`gtrgs, quh g ûn`cg dunïãf quh
rhstg pgrg g bfucurg, nfs nfssfs l`gs, à uig dunïãf sgcr`d`c`gb hi vçr`fs
shnt`lfs;
“ ui `nl`véluf, eflh hxp`gtór`f h lhs`onglf phbf orupf, quh gss`igs s`i sh
`shntg lgs sugs própr`gs cfntrgl`ïøhs.
Aç trgnsdhrënc`g lf orupf pgrg ui `nl`véluf-s`ntfig:
“ f orupf dunlgihntg sug un`d`cgïãf ng rhkh`ïãf lf `nl`véluf-s`ntfig:
“ g ps`qu`gtr`g hstç gé pgrg lgr cguïãf g hssg hspàc`h lh prhst`l`o`tgïãf
quh cfns`sth hi `nl ̀
`nl `v`lugb`zgr
v`lugb`zgr prfebhigs cfbht`vfs’ . 
Hstulgifs f pr`ncép`f lf eflh hxp`gtór`f nf r`tugb kulg`cf.
Ng phrsphct`vg nfvg quh lhscfer`ifs gqu`, hsth à f própr`f pr`ncép`f lh ui
cfnahc`ihntf un`vhrsgb lfs ig`s grcg`cfs shounlf
s hounlf f qugb ui afihi “ 
quh à tgieài g auign`lglh `nth`rg “ pflh hncgrrhogr-sh lgs hnhro`gs
phrvhrt`lgs lf orupf g d`i lh cfnvhncë-bgs,
cfnvhncë- bgs, fu cgrrhoç-bg lg `ipurhzg “ g
lf nãf-rhgb`zglf “ quh f orupf trgnsdhrh pgrg hbh g d`i lh rhgb`zç-bg.
Sh f orupf fu ui ihierf lf orupf sh s h tfigr cfnsc`hnth, pflhrç hntãf
trgegbagr ng curg lfh "lfhnth"
própr`g pur`d`cgïãf gssui`nlf“ eflh phxp`gtór`f
g sug própr`g hncgrrhognlf-sh
rópr`g lhsc`lg gfs `ndhrnfs.lg sug
\fcgnlf f shu nûcbhf, pfr sug vhz, hbh thi pflhr lh rhtfif lgs hnhro`gs
pgrg s` ihsif h lh curg pgrg f futrf.
Ig`s lf quh phnsgifs, g lfhnïg lf ihierf lh uig dgiéb`g fu lh ui
orupf à g lhscgrog `ncfnsc`hnth lhssg dgiéb`g fu lhssh orupf quh trgnsdhrh
pgrg f lfhnth f shu phsf lh hnhro`gs phrvhrt`lgs fu nãf-rhgb`zglgs.
G curg lf lfhnth à, hi prfdunl`lglh, f prfebhig lg dgiéb`g fu lf orupf
quh ui ihierf cfnsc`hnth h quh trgegbah pgrg f shu nûcbhf pflh, gf
cfntgtf l`v`nf cukg hxphr`ënc`g hbh dhz, h cfi Lhus, dgzhr rhtrfchlhr.
Orgnlhs sgntfs gssui`rgi g lfhnïg lf orupf.
Cr`stf gssui`u g lg auign`lglh.
4. F Sfdr`ihntf

Wugnlf f cafquh lh ui orgnlh sfdr`ihntf gt`noh, nãf ig`s g cr`gnïg, igs

 g phssfg cfns`lhrglg glubtg, hstg, cfif Kfe nf `néc`f lg sug prfvgïãf, vg`
l`scut`r, rhehbgr-sh, gphbgr pgrg g sug cfnchpïãf
cfnchpï ãf lh kust`ïg: nuig pgbgvrg;
`nthrpfr f shu ihntgb hntrh f gcfnthc`ihntf h f shnt`lf prfdunlf h cr`glfr
c r`glfr

lhsth. Hssh pflhr cr`glfr lf sfdr`ihntf só shrç fphrgt`vf sh f Afihi sh

tfigr nfvgihnth cr`gnïg.
"Sh nãf vfs tfrngrlhs cfif hstgs cr`gnïgs, nãf hntrgrh`s nf Uh`nf" (Ic,
Q;78: It, QT@@@;3: Bc, QT@@@;7?: Kf, @@@,3)
Fs qugtrf hvgnohb`stgs rhbgtgi hssg frlhi dunlgihntgb lh Cr`stf.
F vhrlglh`rf glubtf à gquhbh quh pflh tfigr-sh nfvgihnth cr`gnïg, gefb`r
f shucfncfrlgnlf
shr, ihntgb h lh`xgr-sh
hi nglgbhvgr phbf gcfnthc`ihntf pgrg g thrrg nfvg lf shu
cfiprhhnlhr.
Gé, nhssg thrrg nfvg, g `nthb`oënc`g bah shrç lglg.
Hbh nãf gcusgrç n`nouài, igs sh rhquhst`fngrç tftgbihnth pgrg quh g buz
phnhtrh ig`s bfnoh nhbh "h quh gs fergs lh Lhus sh ign`dhsthi nhbh" (Kf,
@Q;3).
Gergãf sfeh í ifntgnag pgrg sgcr`d`cgr f d`baf.
Hbh fehlhch.
Sue`nlf í ifntgnag, à prhc`p`tglf nf ig`fr lrgig lgs sugs prfdunlhzgs.
Bç, hbh tfcg f shu l`v`nf: Lhus lhtài f ergïf quh `g sgcr`d`cgr @sggc, h
suest`tu` g cr`gnïg pfr ui cgrnh`rf.
c grnh`rf.
F afihi quh lhschu lg ifntgnag nãf hrg ig`s f ihsif quh sue`u.
Nhbh, gs fergs lh Lhus sh ign`dhstgrgi; rg`z lg Çrvfrh lh @srghb, hbh lhu f
shu drutf ihss`ån`cf, Cr`stf, nfvf @sggc, cgrnh`rf lf afbfcgustf cósi`cf.

Gæb  à f "cgrnh`rf"; Lhus  quh cgrrhog ngs Sugs hntrgnags f Pfl ,
nûcbhf l`v`nf lg Auign`lglh.

?. G Lhsc`lg lh Cr`stf gfs @ndhrnfs

"Hrg pfr vfbtg lg afrg shxtg, h afuvh trhvgs hi tflg g \hrrg gtà g afrg
nfng. F Sfb sh hscurhchu h rgsofu-sh phbf ih`f f vàu lf \hipbf. Khsus
or`tfu cfi vfz dfrth; ]g`, hi \ugs iãfs hntrhof f ihu hspér`tf. H, l`zhnlf
hssgs pgbgvrgs, hxp`rfu" (Bc, QQ@@@; <<-<8 ).
F vàu lf \hipbf shpgrg f sgntf (g ngvh, pgrg fs cr`stãfs) lf sgntf lfs
sgntfs (f sgntuçr`f).
Cr`stf, vfbtgnlf gf ]g`, rgsog hssh
hss h vàu lh shpgrgïãf pgrg rhst`tu`r í
Auign`lglh f shu vhrlglh`rf cahdh.
]fucf gnths, Kfãf Egt`stg, f Afihi vhst`lf
v hst`lf lh tûn`cg lh phbh, agv`g ss`lf
`lf
lhcgp`tglf.
Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, tfrng-sh f prftót`pf lg Auign`lglh hi shu lhv`r.
Ûbt`ig c`rcunc`sãf lg auign`lglh, ûbt`if sgcr`déc`f sgnorhntf,
s gnorhntf, g ifrth lh
Cr`stf cfnluz f Nfvf Glãf í sug ûbt`ig thrrg, í ûbt`ig igtr`z, quh cfntài
f shu nûcbhf h quh f tûiubf s`iefb`zg.
s `iefb`zg.
Gs orgnlhs trhvgs hxthr`frhs sãf f s`onf lgs trhvgs lfs `ndhrnfs.
G afrg nfng à g lg rhgb`zgïãf, g lf ngsc`ihntf...
G pgssgohi lf 4 pgrg f 0 cfihïfu hi Wgnga, fnlh Cr`stf, dgzhnlf-sh ?ª
 kgrrg, iulfu g çoug lf iunlf hi v`naf v`v`d`cgnth.
Afkh, f v`naf tfrnfu-sh gzhlf; g Cr`stf shlhntf “ shlhntf lf Hspér`tf
Sgntf “ fs sfblglfs hsthnlhi uig hspfnkg hiehe`lg hi v`ngorh.
\hnlf ehe`lf, Cr`stf hxcbgig; "\ulf hstç cfnsuiglf": f v`naf tfrnfu-sh
sgnouh, f sgnouh df` lhrrgiglf, f Hspér`tf gofrg vhi.
À g afrg nfng, "h, `ncb`ngnlf g cgehïg, Cr`stf rhnlhu f hspér`tf".
\flgs gs "egrrh`rgs" lf glvhrsçr`f dfrgi lhstruélgs uigs gpós gs futrgs,
 ngs iutgïøhs-ifrths suchss`vgs h nhchssçr`gs quh g 1ªafrg s`iefb`zg.
G Grvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf lf `ngcgeglf h lf g`nlg-nãf-rhgb`zglf lç f shu
drutf.

"F l`g hi quh cfihrhs l`ssf, t`nag l`tf Lhus g Glãf, ifrth, tu ifrrhrçs!"
(On, @@; 7?).
Glãf, igtgnlf g ifrth quh hbh nãf agv`g gssui`lf, hsthr`b`zgrg-sh, nãf
pfl`g ig`s i`ngr.
F Nfvf Glãf, igtgnlf g ifrth lhpf`s lh të-bg
t ë-bg gssui`lf, igtg g
hsthr`b`zgïãf lh Glãf: Hbh v`v`d`cg g auign`lglh h lhvfbvh-g í sug pr`ih`rg
dhcunl`lglh.
G orgnlh rhsp`rgïãf l`v`nf-auigng erftg nfvgihnth.
F dbuxf sgnoòénhf lh nfvf à bgnïglf, h f cfrpf lf Afihi rhcheh f sfprf
lg v`lg.
"Sferh hbh, pfrh` nhrvfs, dgrh` crhschr g cgrnh quh rhvhst`rh` lh phbh.
Lhpf`s, dgrh` hntrgr hi vós f sfprf lh v`lg, g d`i lh quh rhv`vg`s! Sgehrh`
gss`i quh hu à quh sfu !", prfdht`zgvg Hzhqu`hb (QQQT@@; 8-4).
Nglg nfs à l`tf lf Cr`stf sferh sug hxphr`ënc`g nfs trës l`gs pgssglfs ngs
trhvgs lf tûiubf, igtr`z lh buz. Só g \rgl`ïãf fdhrhch í nfssg ihl`tgïãf f
écfnh lh Cr`stf nfs `ndhrnfs. ]gssf gqu` g phng gf prfdhssfr Orgd J. vfn
Lòrcjah`i quh, lurgnth ui cfnorhssf rhchnth,54 nfs cfnd`gvg;
c fnd`gvg; "Al iu`tf
thipf, hncfntrh` nfs grrhlfrhs lh ]gr`s ui afihi hxtrgfrl`nlr`f, f pglrh
Orhoçr`f, ui hrhi`tg quh p`ntgvg écfnhs. Hntrh hsths, agv`g ui hi quh
Castf sh `ncb`ngvg cah`f lh gifr pgrg Glãf,
G lãf, nf `ndhrnf. ]hrounth` gf pglrh
Orh-oçr`f;
rhspfnlhu;']glrh, l`og-ih,
'Sh f Afihi shfhncfntrg
quh `ssf cfns`of
rhprhshntg pgrgnf
ihsif f shnafr6' Hbh lf
ig`s prfdunlf
ig`s eg`xf, lf p`fr h, hncfntrgnlf-sh dgch
dgc h g dgch cfi f Lrgoãf quh hx`sth
nf dunlf lhbh ihsif, à cgpgz lh gergïgr hssh Lrgoãf, lh sshh un`r g hbh,
hntãf suroh f l`v`nf h à g Uhs-surrh`ïãf!'" Nglg tgieài nfs à l`tf lh
Igr`g, iãh lh Cr`stf, gssui`nlf hsshs ihsifs trës l`gs h hssgs trës nf`ths
nf shu tûiubf `nthr`fr; "Lhvf gcfipgnagr-th fu hsphrgr-th L`zh-ih uig
pgbgvrg, ç Thref, Nãf pgsshs hi s`bënc`f!" dgz l`zhr g Igr`g, ng ignaã lg
pg`xãf, ui-a`nf b`tûro`cf. F quh b`og uig iãh gf d`baf phrthnch g ui
cgsgihntf shcrhtf “ g auign`-lglh nfs shus i`tfs thi l`ssf uig
prhsc`ënc`g “, pf`s f séiefbf à `nshpgrçvhb lf shu grquàt`pf. \flg iãh
hstç hi rhssfnånc`g ént`ig cfi fs `ndhrnfs lf shu d`baf, pgrg cukfs
hspfnsg`s hbh sh l`r`oh... Uhchehr ui drutf
d rutf auignf nf shu vhntrh, cfbfcç-bf
nf iunlf à cfncfrlgr hi gcfipgnaç-bf, shi nglg hsphrgr, nf shu
cgi`naf `n-thr`fr.
54. Cfnorhssf À ifrrhr cfi
@nthrngc`fngb hbh, hi s`bënc`f,
@nthr-rhb`o`fsf, shi sgehr!
s gehr!
frogn`zglf pfr ]`r T`bgygt
@ngygt Jgn (igrïf lh 7040).
571

"L`zh-ih uig pgbgvrg, ó Thref!"

Igs f Thref Sh cgbg pgrg Igr`g, cfif f ]g` Sh cgbg pgrg Cr`stf.
Cfncfrlgr hi nãf sgehr ig`s nglg, nãf quhrhr ig`s nglg...
Hntãf f tftgbihnth `ntrgnspfnévhb à trgnspfstf.
Cfi f shu D`baf, Igr`g pgssg phbf ge`sif: Hbg l`z-nfs quh hssh `ipfssévhb
à pfssévhb.
Igr`g à g auign`lglh quh sfdrh h quh sh rhgb`zg ngs sugs ifrths h
igthrn`lglhs oëihgs.
Hbg à f s`bënc`f quh sh tfrng Thref.
 Cfnt`nug

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf  ]grth 7<

–

G pgssgohi phbg ]frtg lfs lhushs.

G Ferg hi Ergncf 
Ergncf 

7. G Çou`g. Gs Iãfs “  Fs Fierfs “  Gs Cbgvécubgs

Wuhi à, lf
\rgtg-sh pf`s, f ougrl`ãf
ûbt`if gn`igb lg "]frtg lfs
nfihglf , hntrh fs lhz pr`ih`rfs
pfr lhushs"6
shnafrhs lg \hrrg h lf Gr, ng hxphr`ënc`g lh Kfe.
Wuhrf dgbgr lg Çou`g.
Ougrl`ã lg "]frtg lfs lhushs", g Çou`g grrgncg í ifrth gquhbh quh gcgeg
lh "`nthorgr f Nhorf".
Lhus nãf l`z g Kfe; "Fnlh hstãf fs cglçvhrhs, bç hstç g Çou`g" (@S, QQQ@T;
33), h Cr`stf rhtfigrç hssgs pgbgvrgs pgrg
pg rg l`zhr lh sug própr`g ifrth;
"Shkg fnlh dfr quh hsthkg f cglçvhr, bç sh
s h rhun`rãf gs çou`gs" (It, QQ@T;
QQ@ T;
51).
Igs Cr`stf, gqu`, `lhnt`d`cg gs çou`gs “ ui pburgb, qugnlf sh trgtg lf
cglçvhr nf s`noubgr, cfntrgr`gihnth gf thxtf eéeb`cf “ íquhbhs lh Shus
l`scépubfs quh bhvgrãf sug ihnsgohi gtrgvàs lf iunlf h grrgncgrãf í
ifrth g Auign`lglh
nui ifrgb`sif lhcgélg,
p`hlfsf hscrgvglhlhcfiprhhnlhr
igs `ncgpgz S gtgnçs fu hi
Sgtgnçs
c fiprhhnlhr shubutg cfntrg
Lrgoãf hbh
Nhorf.
G çou`g rhgb à pfr hxchbënc`g f gpóstfbf Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, "gpóstfbf nf
shorhlf l`v`nf", quh, cfif v`ifs, gssui`u \`pahrhta cfi Cr`stf.

F "shorhlf lf Pfl" agv`g s`lf tfcglf hi Phsfl .

Hbh à rhgb`zglf phbf gpóstfbf quh pgssg phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
G dhstg lh Kfãf, f Hvgnohb`stg, à chbherglg nf sfbstéc`f lh `nvhrnf, ng ifrth
lgs prfdunlhzgs a`ehrng`s.
À hntãf quh, nf c`cbf b`tûro`cf, suroh, igonéd`cf, f Ngtgb; g thrrg ohri`ng f
l`v`nf.
G Çou`g à f Ougrl`ãf lg "]frtg lfs lhushs", ]frtg quh cfrrhspfnlh, nf
hsquhig cfrpfrgb, gf pbgnf lg ogrogntg, ougrlglg phbgs lugs cbgvécubgs
prfbfnoglgs phbfs lf`s ergïfs h phbgs lugs iãfs.

Shu nfih hi aherg`cf, Nhsahr  (8= + 3== + 5== 9 88=) à cfnstruélf

lh tgb iflf quh gs lugs iãfs, fs lf`s 8, `igohi lfs lf`s  Aà lf
\htrgorgig, cfnst`tuhi g trgluïãf gr`tifbóo`cg lgs lugs gsgs lg Çou`g h,
pfr sug cfipbhihntgr`lglh, kç `nl`cgi g un`lglh
u n`lglh rhcfnqu`stglg (8 + 8 9
7=).
Iãf, hi aherg`cf Pgl  (7= + < quh sh dunlhi nui 8), à s`ipbhsihnth g
g f cfnahc`ihntf Pglg  “ hu
bhtrg Pfl lf \htrgorgig: hbg hstç b`oglg gf
"cfnahïf" “ h tgieài quhr l`zhr; "hu gif".
Nãf sh trgtg, pgrg fs aherhus, lh uig qugb`lglh `nthbhctugb, igs lf
cfnahc`ihntf hxphr`ihntgb quh f afihi glqu`rh sferh g iubahr, quh tflf
afihi glqu`rh g rhsph`tf lh tflf hbhihntf lg cr`gïãf, lh tflf hbhihntf
lf "Ig", phnhtrgnlf-f ng prfdunl`lglh lf shu i`stàr`f, `stf à, nf quh hbh
cfntài hi s` hnqugntf tgieài phrthnchnth gf iunlf lf "I`".
 Hssh cfnahc`ihntf à cgsgihntf.
Hssh cfnahc`ihntf à gifr.

Wuhrf `ns`st`r ng qugb`lglh “ l`régifs, cfncrhtg “ lhssh cfnahc`ihntf,

cfiprhhnlhnlf ehi quh hssh "cfncrhtf" hx`oh uig nfvg qugb`lglh
qug b`lglh lh
rhchpt`v`lglh.
Igs hssg rhchpt`v`lglh pgssg pfr nfssf cfrpf, l`z rhsph`tf g nfssfs
shnt`lfs, quh hntãf sh tfrngi gthntfs h gehrtfs pgrg f Uhgb.
G Uhgb`lglh kfog sferh ui quglrf `nd`n`tgihnth orgnlh lh cfipr`ihntfs
lh
igsfnlgs: uig hstrh`téss`ig
fs shnt`lfs lf Afihi quh dg`xg"sfeh
lhstgs tfcgçrvfrh"
í sug nfssfsgerhi-sh
shnt`lfs `ihl`gtfs,
sferh dg`xgs
cglg vhz ig`s vgstgs lg Uhgb`lglh.
]fr ig`s gestrgtg quh hbg shkg pgrg f Afihi cfiui, hssg Uhgb`lglh à
cfncrhtg pgrg gquhbh cukfs shnt`lfs bah phri`thi tfcgr f cfrgïãf, f nûcbhf
lgs cf`sgs, lfs shrhs, lf iunlf!
Nfssgs shnsgïøhs nãf hstãf b`oglgs gphngs í igtàr`g, hnqugntf
`ihl`gtgihnth pgbpçvhb.
\gieài g Obór`g l`v`ng à pgbpçvhb.
Igs uig cfntài g futrg h à cubt`vgnlf g igtàr`g, quhst`fngnlf-g,
gignlf-g quh hbg sh dgz cfnahchr,
c fnahchr, quh hbg sh gerh h obfr`d`cg shu cr`glfr.
Uhp`tgifs uig pgbgvrg; f pflhr lg rhpht`ïãf dgz quh g cgscg gpgrhïg.
Fbahifs uig dbfr; hbg nfs gerh shu cfrgïãf.
Hscuthifs, tfquhifs h sg`egifs shnt`r.
\ulf
lh f quh
nfssg pflh cfi
"iãf", cfnst`tu`r f fekhtf
g cfnl`ïãf lh lh
quhnfssg
nfssgihl`tgïãf
iãf shkg hstç gé, gf gbcgnch
ui prfbfnogihntf
lh nfssf cfrgïãf, \`pahrhta, cfrgïãf quh, pfr sug
s ug vhz, à `ndfriglf pfr
Jhtahr.
]frquh, pfr trçs lh nfssgs shnsgïøhs `ihl`gtgs, gifntfgi-sh tflfs fs
nfssfs ifv`ihntfs pséqu`cfs; g `rr`tgïãf, f prgzhr, f ól`f, f gifr quh, nãf
cfntrfbglfs, cfnst`tuhi ui iurf `ntrgnspfnévhb.
Igs f tfquh lg "Obór`g l`v`ng", shbglf nf cfrgïãf lfs shrhs h lgs cf`sgs,
rhcbgig hssg qugb`lglh lh gifr quh só g ifrth h g rhssurrh`ïãf hi
\`pahrhta phri`thi gt`no`r.
G ihbafr lhifnstrgïãf quh sh pflh dgzhr lhsshs
lhss hs l`vhrsfs rho`strfs lh rh-
chpt`v`lglh nfs à lglg pfr gquhbg pgssgohi lfs Hvgnohbafs (Kf, QQ;5<-
3=) hi quh \fià, nãf hstgnlf
hs tgnlf ng cfipgna`g lfs futrfs Gpóstfbfs nf
cfntgtf cfi f Uhssusc`tglf, à cfnv`lglf
c fnv`lglf pfr Hbh g cfbfcgr f lhlf, h lhpf`s
gs iãfs
Hssh hicfncrhtf
tfquh Sugs cagogs.
gerh g pfrtg lf tfquh hsp`r`tugb, g pfrtg lf
Cfnahc`ihntf.
À tgieài phbg drgïãf lf pãf, séiefbf cfncrhtf lg cgrnh, quh fs l`scépubfs
lh Higûs, chgnlf cfi f afihi quh agv`gi hncfntrglf nf cgi`naf,
rhcfnahchi nhbh f Cr`stf Uhssusc`tglf.
"Hntãf fs fbafs lhbhs sh ger`rgi" (Bc, QQ@T;3=-37).
"G çou`g ihroubag gf bfnoh shu fbagr" (Kó, QQQ@Q; 50).

G pgbgvrg aherg`cg Pglg , "cfnahchr", à cfnstruélg sferh g rg`z Pgl

P gl “ "g
iãf" “ í qugb sh gcrhschntg g bhtrg Gy`n , quh quhr l`zhr "fbaf".
]flhrégifs l`zhr quh g iãf à lftglg lh v`sãf h quh f fbaf pfssu` uig
chrtg qugb`lglh lh tfquh.
T`sãf h tgtf bhvgi gf Cfnahc`ihntf
C fnahc`ihntf quh b`ehrtg.
 Nhssg phrsphct`vg, g `cfnforgd`g cr`stã, quh kgig`s rhprhshntg g ]hssfg lf
]g` lg Uhvhbgïãf tr`n`tçr`g, pfrquh Hbh à f @ncfonfscévhb, s`on`d`cg-F
cfntulf pfr uig iãf; à cfif tgb quh f @ncfonfscévhb Sh dgz cfnahchr.

"T`nlf lfs ge`sifs, f ihu ehi-giglf hsthnlhu g iãf h, phbf

lhsifrfngihntf, g sug dfrïg hsthvh sferh i`i", cgntg
c gntg g Saubgi`tg lf
Cånt`cf lfs Cånt`cfs quh, nf shu hncfntrf cfi Lhus, b`og g dfrïg l`v`ng í
iãf fu gf Pfl quh quherg fs cfrths ig`s shcrhtfs lf kgrl`i lg gbig.
F "lhsifrfngihntf" à g pgbgvrg ‑Gæ‐ , quh pflh shr b`lg "g iãf
i ãf (fu f
Pfl) ng dfnth".
Só
nfsng dfnthngs
cfbfcg lf shr à quh
"iãfs" lfsh pflh dgzhr g hxphr`ënc`g lf Pfl, lf NFIH, quh
]g`.
À dçc`b nftgr gqu` quh, sh ng pgbgvrg Gæ  f Pfl hst`vhssh tftgbihnth
hscr`tf, fethrégifs g pgbgvrg  , "cfnahchr, gigr", lh quh dgbh`
gnthr`frihnth.

Hssg "quherg, hssh lhsifrfngihntf" lf Cånt`cf lfs Cånt`cfs

Cå nt`cfs à g erhcag
ng qugb f Hspfsf l`v`nf phnhtrg g Sug Hspfsg!
G `cfnforgd`g cr`stã tgieài rhprhshntg Cr`stf ng Obór`g cfi gs iãfs
lhsihsurglgihnth bfnogs (f Cr`stf lg egséb`cg lh Gutun, pfr hxhipbf).
Cfi `ssf, hbg s`on`d`cg f Afihi quh cfnahch.
G iãf lf Afihi à cfnahchnth hnqugntf à écfnh lg iãf lf ]g` h lhbg
rhcheh gs hnhro`gs.
G \rgl`ïãf cr`stã, sferh g própr`g trgig lf kulgésif (sgbifs), dgbg lgs
lugs iãfs lf ]g` go`nlf nf iunlf;
“ uig, g lf D`baf Thref, quh hstruturg:
hs truturg:
“ futrg, g lf Hspér`tf Sgntf, quh v`v`d`cg.
Lh gcfrlf cfi hssg `igohi, gs lugs iãfs lf Afihi quh cfnahch
hstruturgi h v`v`d`cgi.
H shounlf f cfnahc`ihntf lf Afihi pgrt`c`pg lh ui pbgnf iu`tf cfiui
fu lh uig hxphr`ënc`g cglg vhz ig`s prfdunlg, gs iãfs hstruturgi,
gdh`ïfgi, iflhbgi, r`tigi h, lhpf`s lãf g v`lg g hsshs l`dhrhnths pbgnfs.
Xig nglg à shi g futrg.
À g iãf l`rh`tg lf "afihi quh t`nag g iãf shcg" (Bc, T@; 4) quh Cr`stf
curg nf l`g lh sçeglf, ifstrgnlf quh f r`ofr, g bh`, shi g v`lg,
v `lg, à hstàr`b.
]fr `ipfs`ïãf lgs iãfs, tflf f pflhr à lglf íquhbh quh à cfnsgorglf,
uno`lf, `nst`tuélf shounlf fs r`tug`s `nhrhnths ís l`dhrhnths `n`c`gïøhs; gs
lf e`spf, gs lf sgchrlfth, gs lf cgvgbh`rf, gs lf rh`.
]fr `ipfs`ïãf lgs iãfs, g v`lg rhssuroh.
F iàl`cf, nfs thipfs hi quh g`nlg hrg sgchrlfth, hstgvg c`hnth l`ssf.
F nûihrf 7=, b`oglf gf Pfl, quh à Pgl (g iãf), s`iefb`zg g un`lglh quh sh
supøh quh f Afihi v`vg gf névhb lg cgehïg.
Gs lugs iãfs kuntgs rhcfipøhi cfi shus lhz lhlfs hssg un`lglh, h cglg
iãf à g dhrrgihntg quh trgegbag nf cfnahc`ihntf quh `ipb`cg g cfnqu`stg
lhssg un`lglh h f pflhr quh hbg bah cfndhrh.
À pfr `ssf quh f chtrf iu`tgs vhzhs thri`ng pfr uig iãf, hi buogr lh uig
cgehïg.
Hx`sth uig ehbéss`ig `cfnforgd`g cr`stã quh rhprhshntg uig cfbung vhrthergb
cukgs dfrïgs sh hntrhcruzgi, nf ihsif s`iefb`sif lf cgluchu, h sh
hxpgnlhi, nãf sferh uig cgehïg, igs sferh uig iãf gurhfbglg cfi g
ignlfng lfs sgntfs.
 Thifs gqu` uig `lhnt`d`cgïãf qugsh tftgb hntrh g cgehïg h g iãf, hntrh f
Pfl lg Hspglg , cgehïg grquhtép`cg, h cglg ui lfs lf`s , "sfprf" quh

dfrig cglg uig lgs iãfs; cglg iãf cfntài g futrg h giegs tfrngi g
cgehïg.

Fs lf`s ahi`sdàr`fs chrherg`s sãf `nshpgrçvh`s lgs lugs iãfs “ cfif sãf
`nshpgrçvh`s lhbgs fs lf`s pubiøhs quh hbgs prfbfnogi!
H f aherg`cf nfs dhz lhscfer`r quh "fs pubiøhs vëhi".
À `nhoçvhb, pfrtgntf, quh tgieài g iãf vë!
Cfnahchr  pflh shr gphngs chrhergb: hntãf, nãf à ig`s f gifr.
Sh f cfnahc`ihntf à tgieài gifr, gs iãfsiã fs sãf ui sfprf cr`glfr!
]hbfs shus c`ncf lhlfs, g iãf hstç b`oglg g óroãfs prhc`sfs lf cfrpf.
“ F pfbhogr (lhlf lh Tënus) hstç b`oglf í cgehïg.
Fs rfignfs, quh eg`xgvgi f pfbhogr pgrg `nl`cgr uig cfnlhngïãf í
ifrth, sge`gi l`ssf.
 H g a`stór`g lf ]hquhnf ]fbhogr, hnqugntf cfntf s`ieób`cf, à uigui g
vhrlglh`rg igrgv`bag; cglg lhtgbah à s`on`d`cgt`vf h rhbgtg g hvfbuïãf lf
Afihi lhslh g sug gb`hngnth rhbgïãf pgrhntgb gtà g sugs ug b`ehrtgïãf tftgb,

dfrg lf cfnl`c`fngihntf hspgïf-thipf: gs eftgs lh shth s hth bàougs

rhprhshntgi hssh ûbt`if pgphb.
“ F `nl`cglfr (lhlf lh Kûp`thr) hstç b`oglf í vhsécubg
v hsécubg e`b`gr.
“ F iàl`f (lhlf lh Sgturnf) hstç b`oglf gf egïf-påncrhgs.
“ F gnubgr (lhlf lf Sfb) hstç b`oglf gf déoglf.
“ F i`nl`naf (lhlf lh Ihrcûr`f) hstç b`oglf gf cfrgïãf,
c frgïãf, cfif cfnd`rig f
`ncfnsc`hnth
Cglg lhlf thi cfbht`vf
f shu lgs cgnïøhs
shorhlf h g `ndgnt`s;
sug dfrïg."shu
"s hu i`nl`naf bah l`z tulf".
\flfs fs ohstfs lg iãf h lh cglg ui lfs lhlfs, quh fs `fou`ns h gs
lgnïgr`ngs sgorglgs rhgb`zgi, ife`b`zgi gss`i hnhro`gs quh cfbfcgi ig`s
pgrt`cubgrihnth f afihi hi rhbgïãf cfi hsth fu gquhbh gsphctf
gsphc tf lg sug
pfthnc`gb`lglh l`v`ng.
Ng énl`g, g `fog lfs lhlfs cagig-sh iulrg “ cglg iulrg à s`on`d`cgt`vf “ 
cglg ifv`ihntf lg iãf, fu lgs lugs iãfs kuntgs, tgieài thi sug dfrïg.
Lhvhr`g hx`st`r uig `fog fc`lhntgb quh nfs rhvhbgssh hi pgrt`cubgr g ferg
lf qgeegb`stg Gergagi Geubgd`g.
H, nhssg phrsphct`vg, g pfsturg lgs iãfs lf sgchrlfth gf chbhergr fs
sgntfs I`stàr`fs Cr`stãfs lhv`g shr ui rhstf lhssg `fog.
Nãf cfiprhhnlhnlf ig`s sug s`on`d`cgïãf, fs sgchrlfths fc`lhntg`s d`zhrgi
tgeubg rgsg tgntf lfs séiefbfs cfif lfs i`stàr`fs.
Hntrh fs `srghb`tgs,
"Gs cr`gnïgs, l`z uig lfs
iãfEfbht`ns
c fnshrvg
cfnshrvglguig orgnlh
Gb`gnïg `ipfrtånc`g.
un`vhrsgb `srghb`tg, usgi uig
phquhng iãf lh furf fu lh prgtg. F pr`ih`rf prhshnth quh sh dgz g uig
nf`vg à uig iãf lh furf. Gf bglf lg cgsg fnlh sh chbherg ui cgsgihntf,
lhshnagi-sh iãfs ngs pgrhlhs."
Hncfntrgifs ng iãf lh Dçt`ig, quh fs iuïubignfs tëi f cfstuih lh
usgr, hssh ihsif séiefbf
s éiefbf lf pflhr quh prfthoh.

Hi nfssg c`v`b`zgïãf fc`lhntgb, tflgs gs hxprhssøhs pfpubgrhs quh l`zhi

rhsph`tf í iãf, tg`s cfif; cfbfcgr g iãf sferh, phl`r g iãf lh uig
 kfvhi, pgssgr g iãf, htc. “ nglg ig`s sãf lf quh gpb`cgïøhs í v`lg
cfrrhnth lf pflhr-v`lg quh g iãf cfntài h cukg dfnth thntgifs rhvhbgr nf
pbgnf lfs grquàt`pfs.
F quh ih pgrhch hsshnc`gb hscbgrhchr à quh gs lugs iãfs, hi
prfdunl`lglh,
Hbgs hxpr`ihisãf uig.dgchs lg un`lglh, g ûn`cg dfrïg, f ûn`cf
gs lugs
cfnahc`ihntf quh sh ign`dhstg ng lugb`lglh phbf nûihrf 8.
Hsth, séiefbf lf ohrih, à prfihssg lg lugb`lglh quh gs lugs iãfs kuntgs,
rhcfnst`tu`nlf f 7=, rhgb`zgi.
Gs lugs iãfs rhun`lgs ng un`lglh s`iefb`zgi `ougbihnth g "dfrïg", hi
aherg`cf Jfga  (5= + 1, quh sh dunlhi nf 7=).
Nãf nfs hsquhïgifs lh quh hstgifs nf cgi`naf lg Kust`ïg-U`ofr, quh,
trgl`c`fngbihnth, tgieài à f cgi`naf lg Dfrïg (Ohefurga,
(Ohe furga, g Dfrïg
l`v`ng).
G Çou`g s`iefb`zg, pfrtgntf, Dfrïg h Cfnahc`ihntf.
À hbg quh shourg hi sugs ogrrgs pfssgnths fs ihnsgoh`rfs hnv`glfs phbfs
lhushs gfs afihns;
“ uig pgtg ergncg (Fl`ssà`g, QT;74=):
“
  uig pfieg (`l., 858):
“ ui pgv`f (@béglg, T@@@), htc.
H à hbg quh grrgncg lg \hrrg f quh phrthnch gfs lhushs (i`tfs lh
Ogn`ihlhs, lh ]rfihthu).

 
G Çou`g, Ugptf lh Ogn`ihlhs
Ougrl`ã lg ]frtg, ihnsgoh`rg lfs lhushs, g Çou`g grrgncg lg hscur`lãf
ge`ssgb lf tûiubf f Afihi quh sh tfrnfu Buz. (]`nturg lh Oustgvh Ifrhgu,
Iushu O. Ifrhgu, ]gr`s, Sngrj @nthrngt`fngb.)

F i`tf lh ]rfihthu phri`t`rç quh nós prhc`shifs f s`iefb`sif lg çou`g ng

sug hxgtg rhbgïãf cfi f cfrpf auignf.
Sh, nf i`tf orhof, g çou`g rhgb`zg g hbhvgïãf sueb`ih, nãf nfs hsquhïgifs
 lf pgphblhssh
gphngs quh lhshiphnag
b`vrf lg nfssghssh shnafreéeb`cg;
\rgl`ïãf lf càuKfe
ng só
a`stór`g
pflh lh Kfe,g pgrg
v`vhr dgbgr
sug ûbt`ig
v`gohi gfs `ndhrnfs kuntf lh Eàaàifta h lf Bhv`gtã lhpf`s lh thr
`nthorglf gs hnhro`gs lg Çou`g.

]f`s hv`lhnc`g-sh, cglg vhz ig`s

ig `s n`t`lgihnth hi nfssf hstulf, quh à tãf
dgbsf prfsshou`r g "Ferg hi Ergncf" rhcusgnlf g "Ferg hi Nhorf", cfif
prfsshou`r g "Ferg hi Nhorf" gnths lh rhchehr g gb`ihntgïãf lf Ergncf,
quh phri`th g sug rhgb`zgïãf.
F i`tf lh Kgsãf shrç g lhifnstrgïãf lhssh pr`ih`rf hrrf: kç v`ifs
prhc`p`tgrhi-sh
Ergncf, nf agv`gi
nglg ig`s caãf Làlgbf h Écgrf
dh`tf lf quh, pgrgg cfnsuigr
quh pgrfl`gr g Ferg hicfi
çou`g, gtgv`gnlf-sh
gsgs dgbsgs.
Cfbhifs í bgogrtg gsgs lh efrefbhtgs, h pflhifs hstgr chrtfs lh quh hbg
nãf `rç bfnoh.
Sfe hsth gsphctf g`nlg, vhr`d`cg-sh nhsth hstço`f f i`tf lf Bge`r`ntf.
À nf U`ofr lg Ferg quh nfs à lglf v`vhr g Orgïg-I`shr`córl`g.
U`ofr h Orgïg, L`n h Ahshl, sãf gs lugs "iãfs" quh erftgi lh \`pahrhta.
Cfif hstgifs bfnoh lf lugb`sif Orgïg “ B`vrh-greétr`f, quh aç tgntf
thipf ihroubafu f Fc`lhnth cr`stãf nfs ig`s dgbsfs prfebhigs!
Sh f Afihi sfeh h lhpf`s lhsch, à hntãf quh Lhus lhsch h f dgz sue`r.
À hi sug l`ihnsãf Afihi-Lhus, ng `bui`ngïãf lf Hncfntrf, quh f
Afihi à b`vrh.
Wugbquhr futrg
hscfbag quh só fb`ehrlglh à gpgrhnth,
Cfnahc`ihntf tfrng rhluz`lg g uig pfss`e`b`lglh lh
fphrgt`vg!
Só f Cfnahc`ihntf b`ehrtg.
"Lh`xg` g `onfrånc`g h v`vhrh`s" (]r, @Q;4).
F nfih aherg`cf lg "çou`g", Nhsahr , cfntài g bhtrg tr`n`tçr`g pfr
hxchbënc`g, f Sa`n , quh hstulgrhifs ig`s gl`gnth: hbg hstç
hs tç hnogstglg ng
pgbgvrg Nhr , quh s`on`d`cg "båipglg", buz.

G çou`g lhd`nh-sh hntãf cfif f quh cgrrhog g Buz tr`n`tçr`g hi shu cfrgïãf.
Hssg pgbgvrg Nhr à dfriglg phbgs lugs bhtrgs; Nfun , 8=, h Uh`sa , 5==,
uig lgs qug`s à f ]h`xh, g futrg g Cgehïg.
G bhtrg Sa`n  quh gs rhûnh h quh s`iefb`zg g hxpgnsãf cósi`cg g pgrt`r lf
cfrgïãf lfs
G rg`z Sgr gb`chrchs, unh fs
 quh tgieài pàs
bhvg í cgehïg.
f nfih lg Çou`g, à g lf "Shnafr, ]rénc`ph".
F Sfprf, f Cfnahc`ihntf, g Dfrïg, f ]flhr, f Lfién`f, g Buz, rhûnhi gs
qugb`lglhs lf Ihstrh lgs Gbturgs, l‐ Gquhbh
Gquhbh quh grrgncg f Afihi lgs
trhvgs pgrg `ntrfluz`-bf ng buz lh quh, fntfbfo`cgihnth, hbh à thc`lf.
F cgi`naf L`n-Ahshl (U`ofr-I`shr`córl`g), quh tgieài à f lh Ohefurga-
Oglfubga (Dfrïg-Orgnlhzg), à cfnstruélf sferh fs fierfs lf Afihi.

Hi aherg`cf, g pgbgvrg Sahjahi , quh quhr l`zhr "fierf", s`on`d`cg

tgieài "thrif", "d`i".
À tgieài f nfih lh S`cahi, c`lglh
c `lglh lg rho`ãf lh Cgngã, "\hrrg
prfiht`lg", quh cfntài hsshnc`gbihnth f Sahi , f NFIH cukg ûn`cg
d`ngb`lglh à f "Cfnahc`ihntf".
  à tgieài g pgbgvrg eéeb`cg quh s`on`d`cg bhvgntgr-sh chlf .
Fs fierfs sãf uig nfvg gurfrg!

Gs cbgvécubgs (ht`ifbfo`cgihnth; "phquhngs cagvhs") dhcagi f cgi`naf

sferh g cfbung lf ih`f: sãf gs "cagvhs" lg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
G pgbgvrg aherg`cg pgrg "cbgvécubg" Er`ga  nãf s`on`d`cg prfpr`gihnth
"cagvh", igs "dhrrfbaf", h tgieài "duo`t`vf, duo`l`f".
Wuhi à f Afihi, shnãf gquhbh quh duo`u lf Àlhn, gofrg "gdhrrfbaglf"
phbf "Wuhrue`i lh hspglg lh dfof" quh ougrlg g sug hntrglg6
Ahrgcbhs, cukflugs
vhnchlfr lgs nfihshrphnths
s`on`d`cg `ntrfluz`lgs
"Cagvh lh Ahrg", à, lhslh
hi shu quh ngschu,
ehrïf phbg lhusg Ahrg
pgrg dgzë-bf ifrrhr.
Gqu`, f ngsc`ihntf lf ahró` à f quh hbh gssuih ng "]frtg lfs Afihns", hi
cukf névhb tflf afihi tfig cfnsc`ënc`g lh sug shihnth (quh pgrg
Ahrgcbhs à Ahrg), lgs hnhro`gs cfntrgl`tór`gs quh hbg bah fdhrhch (gs lugs
shrphnths) h lg un`lglh í qugb hbh lhvh cfnluz`-bgs (hstrh`tgihntf).
G ifrth í qugb f ahró` à cfnlhnglf à g ifrth quh g sug shihnth hx`oh
lhbh, hipurrgnlf-f ruif g \`pahrhta.
\ `pahrhta.
Gs cagvhs lg lhusg sãf g`nlg hssgs lugs shrphnths quh, nf névhb lg "]frtg
lfs lhushs" (gs cbgvécubgs): sãf trgnschnl`lgs ng Çou`g.
F cgluchu lfs iàl`cfs nglg ig`s à quh f lhshnaf lhssh s`iefb`sif: f
iàl`cf, ng fr`ohi, hrg sgchrlfth, écfnh lh Cr`stf, Sgchrlfth-Iàl`cf
Sg chrlfth-Iàl`cf lg
auign`lglh.
Hbh t`nag
Afkh, nãffshnlf
pflhrig`s
lgs cagvhs.
sgchrlfth, à f iço`cf quh thi f pflhr h quh
rhprhshntg fs ignlgr`ns, ig`s lf quh hi qugbquhr futrg prfd`ssãf.
Hbh cf`s`d`cg f cfrpf h só hxhrch g sug prfd`ssãf trgnsdhr`nlf pgrg f
i`cróe`f-`n`i`of, tfiglf eflh hxp`gtór`f, f phsf lg sug lfhnïg.
F Afihi lfhnth tgieài à cf`s`d`cglf.

Cfnahïf vçr`fs iàl`cfs iu`tf cfiphthnths nhssh névhb lh cfnahc`ihntf

c fnahc`ihntf h
iu`tf lhl`cglfs, igs nãf sãf ihnfs cr`glfrhs lh nfvgs lfhnïgs, lh ui
bglf, pfrquh trgtgrgi gphngs f s`ntfig h nãf g cgusg prfdunlg lf igb: lh
futrf, pfrquh, shi euscgr g cgusg prfdunlg ng ohstãf hnhroàt`cg lf
`nl`véluf, dfrt`d`cgi f Afihi ng sug `rrhspfnsge`b`lglh, dfnth lh nfvfs
igbhs.
Nhnauig ihl`lg tfiglg nfs b`i`ths lhssg `ncfnsc`ënc`g pflhrç rhsfbvhr f
dgbsf prfebhig lg shourgnïg sfc`gb, hbg própr`g s`ntfig lg nfssg lfhnïg
ihntgb cfbht`vg.
À prhc`sf trgtgr g dfnth lhssg lfhnïg: hbg à g nfssg `ncfnsc`ënc`g `ndgnt`b h
gssgss`ng.
F vhrlglh`rf iàl`cf, cfif gd`rih` gnths, gkulg f Afihi nf rhhqu`béer`f
agrifn`fsf lgs hnhro`gs quh hx`sthi ng sug prforgigïãf lh rhgb`zgïãf.
À pfr `ssf quh hbh tgieài à sgchrlfth: sgchrlfth shounlf g frlhi lh
Ihbj`tshlhq, lgquhbh quh "`i`tg f sgorglf", h quh, pfrtgntf, cfnahch f
cgi`naf lhssh "dgzhr" h gs sugs bh`s.
Gquhbh quh, ng trgl`ïãf cr`stã, rhchehu f pflhr lgs cagvhs à f gpóstfbf
]hlrf.
Shu nfih aherg`cf, ]htrfs  s`on`d`cg "gquhbh quh gerh".
\flf gquhbh quh hntrg ng hnhro`g lhssh nfih pflh ger`r fu dhcagr g "]frtg
lfs lhushs".
 Cfi `ssf, quh rhspfnsge`b`lglh cgeh íquhbh quh sh lhd`nh cfif f suchssfr
lhssh gpóstfbf, thnlf phrl`lf g cfnsc`ënc`g lg un`lglh lfs Lfzh, phquhng
càbubg auigng cfnst`tuélg í `igohi lg \r`-un`lglh l`v`ng, lh quh cglg

phssfg cfntài g tftgb`lglh lg l`v`nlglh h nhnauig à ig`fr lf quh g

futrg6
G tftgb`lglh lfs gpóstfbfs rhcheh hssh pflhr gtrgvàs lh ]hlrf, cfif cglg
ui lhbhs hsphc`d`cgihnth rhcheh ui pflhr quh phrthnch g tflfs; Kfãf, gf
pà lg Cruz, tfig-sh "d`baf" lh Igr`g.
Shr`g hbh f ûn`cf6
Cglghssh
cfi gpóstfbf
lfi.à séiefbf lf lfi rhche`lf, igs nãf pflh shr `lhnt`d`cglf
Gquhbh quh hxhrch ui pflhr shi cfnahc`ihntf cg` nf grl`b lf
gutfr`tgr`sif h, pfrtgntf, nf lgs rhbgïøhs lh dfrïg.
Hbh phrthnch gf bge`r`ntf lf pr`ih`rf hstço`f h gé igntëi prhsfs gquhbhs
quh hstãf sfe sug gutfr`lglh.
Hbh tfrng-sh gquhbh quh dhcag h nãf ig`s f quh gerh.
Gs cagvhs sãf gs shrphnths rhgb`zglgs trgnsdfriglgs hi Çou`g.
Nf cgi`naf lf Cfnahc`ihntf, g çou`g ougrlg g ]frtg lf Fr`hnth lf kgrl`i
lf Àlhn.

5. Lgnth; F ]grgésf
"Cg`, cg` lh kfhbafs, hxcbgig T`roéb`f, h`s f Gnkf lh Lhus... F pçssgrf
chbhsth pgrhchu g`nlg ig`s er`bagnth qugnlf sh gprfx`ifu lh nós h fs
fbafs nãf pfl`gi supfrtgr shu hspbhnlfr" (]urogtór`f, c. @@).
@@ ).
F pçssgrf chbhsth bhvg gtà g prg`g ui orupf lh gbigs quh sg sgbifl`gi;
bifl`gi; "@n
hx`tu @srgêb lh Hoyptf..."
Hssgs gbigs sghi lf igr, ou`glgs hi sug egrcg phbf Gnkf quh rhig nf gr.
Shu cgntf chbherg g sgélg lfs aherhus lf Ho`tf: h à `nl`scutévhb, hbhs
gcgegi lh pgssgr, hi sug ifrth dés`cg, pfr uig pfrtg quh cfrrhspfnlh í
quh hrg pgrg nós g "]frtg lfs Afihns".
Hncfntrgifs gé fs kuncfs lf cagiglf
c agiglf igr "vhrihbaf", kuncfs lfs qug`s
T`roéb`f dgz pgrg f pfhtg uig c`ntg, cfif pgrg igrcgr nf própr`f cfrpf lf
v`gkgnth f névhb lg pgssgohi.
H nós nfs bhiergifs lh quh f "kuncf", hi aherg`cf Sfpa , tgieài
quhr l`zhr f "b`i`gr", f "b`i`th".
À tãf vhrlglh quh Lgnth pgssg pfr uig pfrtg, nhssh rhtfif lfs `ndhrnfs,
quh T`roéb`f g`nlg gcfipgnag shu l`scépubf gtà f gbtf lh uig ifntgnag,
fnlh f lh`xg.
À hntãf quh Lgnth vë "uig iubahr quh t`nag fs fierfs cfehrtfs cfi ui
igntf vhrlh..." (f s`iefb`sif, gqu`, à f lg çrvfrh vhrlh).
Ehgtr`z, g gbig hsp`r`tugb lh Lgnth, hncfntrg-sh
hnc fntrg-sh bç pgrg cfnsfbgr shu gi`of
phbg pgrt`lg lh T`roéb`f; "Ó Lgnth! pfrquh T`roéb`f pgrt`u, nãf vhrtgs, nãf,
nãf vhrtgs bçor`igs. Lhvhs cafrgr pfr cgusg lh futrg dhr`lg... Gss`i ih
dgbfu g iubahr chbhsth."
Nui tfi pgtàt`cf lh phn`tënc`g, Lgnth lhrrgig bçor`igs lh pur`d`cgïãf.
Hbh lhvh phnsgr "g dhr`lg"! ..."Hntãf hbg
h bg ih bhvfu gtà f r`f, fnlh du`
ihroubaglf gtà g efcg, h hbg sh rht`rfu sferh g çoug cfi g rgp`lhz lh ui
bhvh hsqu`dh."
Shouhi-sh, hntãf, fs tr`ntg h trës cgntfs lf ]grgésf, gtrgvàs lfs qug`s
vhifs Lgnth h Ehgtr`z phnhtrgr, pfucf g pfucf,
pfuc f, ngs nfvh pr`ih`rgs hsdhrgs
chbhsths.
 Í pfrtg lgs f`tgvg hsdhrg, Ehgtr`z
E hgtr`z lhsgpgrhch, pgrg lh`xgr Sãf Ehrngrlf
ou`gr nfssf v`gkgnth.

Hsth, "cukfs fbafs, cah`fs lh uig nfvg dfrïg, phnhtrgvgi cglg vhz ig`s nf
rg`f lh buz fnlh tulf à Thrlglh", shnth g `ipfss`e`b`lglh lh hxprhssgr phbg
b`nougohi fs hspbhnlfrhs cfnthipbglfs.
Wugnlf hbh hscrhvh, ig`s tgrlh, hsshs cgntfs lf ]grgésf, f pfhtg sh
rhcfrlg; "Crh`f quh cfnshrvh` ehi hi ihu hspér`tf g dfrig un`vhrsgb lhssh
nó quh unh tgntgs suestånc`gs l`vhrsgs..."
Nhssh "nó"cfif
cfnahchr l`v`nf, Xn`lglh
sh fphrg l`v`nglgs
g un`ãf quhlugs
bah àNgturhzgs.
lglf v`vhr, Lgnth prfcurg
"Igs, pgrg cfiprhhnlhr tgb i`stàr`f, i`nags dfrïgs nãf hrgi sud`c`hnths."
H g v`sãf lh Lgnth pgrhch cfndunl`r-sh cfi g lhssh futrf pfhtg, I`bfsz,
quh cfnahchu g `bui`ngïãf h quh cfndhssg;
c fndhssg;
"...Cfiprhhnl` tulf
 G Gnunc`gïãf h f Thref dh`tf cgrnh
S`i, nui cbgrãf lh phnsgihntf
Cfiprhhnl`, shnt`, v`
“ LH WXH IFLF GS CF@SGS SH \@NAGI ]GSSGLF “ 

 Gofrg, fs trës gnfs lh rhnûnc`g lhpf`s

lhpf`s lfs qugrhntg gnfs lh hsphrg
cahogi gf shu d`i.
Cfiprhhnlf.
S`ntf, hnd`i, quh sh`... quh hu shiprh sfueh, h quh hx`sth gqu` ihsif
chrtg ignh`rg lh cfnahchr tulf."
(Cfnd`ssãf lh Bhiuhb)

Cfi Lgnth, cfi I`bfsz, ungif-nfs g Kfãf lg Cruz h g Drgnc`scf lh Gss`s

ng hxphr`ënc`g lf rhhncfntrf lf Cfnahc`ihntf cósi`cf, lh quh dgbgifs
gnths.
3 F I`tf lh ]rfihthu
Sh g Çou`g grrgncfu Kfe lg ifrth h f bhvfu gtà g Uhgbhzg, sh f "Gnkf lh
Lhus, f ]çssgrf Chbhsth" ou`fu Lgnth gtà f ]grgésf fnlh, lh càu hi càu, f
pfhtg pgrhch thr s`lf bhvglf pfr sugs gsgs,
gsgs , à g`nlg g Çou`g quh `ntrfluz
]rfihthu ngs rho`øhs hbéshgs.
Igs, gnths, f ahró` orhof hndrhntg f Lrgoãf Ergncf quh, nf cfnthxtf,
prhs`lh gs lugs dgshs, nhorg h ergncg, lg Ferg.
]rfihthu
rhvfbtglfs,phrthnch
cfi hbh,ícfntrg
rgïg lfs \`tãs,f hsshs
Xrgnf, o`ognths
]g`, quh `riãfslhstrfnglf.
hbhs agv`gi lh Carfnfs h
Cfi Carfnfs, hbhs v`rgi-sh cfndunl`lfs pfr [hus h prhc`p`tglfs nf
\çrtgrf.
]rfihthu nãf pflh ohrgr shnãf shrv`lfrhs lf \hipf, shrhs s hrhs gigrrglfs í
rflg lfs rhcfihïfs, lhsb`oglfs lh sugs rgézhs l`v`ngs.
Cr`glfr lhsshs "afihns hi quhlg", pr`vglfs lf dfof l`v`nf, ]rfihthu
ifblg-fs cfi f b`if lg \hrrg, quh hbh uihlhch cfi sugs bçor`igs.
B`oglg í \hrrg h í Çoug, pr`vglg lf Dfof, lh tflg dfnth lh buz, hssg
auign`lglh nf hxéb`f (nf hstço`f lf Agvhr) gb`ihntg-sh lh drutfs quh
nhnaui Sfb, s`iefb`cgihnth, giglurhchu, quh nhnaui dfof pflh cfshr.
Hsshs afihns tëi shlh h dr`f.
]rfihthu, shu pg`, tfifu-sh lh p`hlglh pfr hbhs.
Shi lûv`lg, tgieài hbh shnth c`ûih lfs lhushs cukg lhschnlënc`g à buz.
 H lhc`lhgfs
bhvç-bg `r prfcurgr
afihns lgng \hrrg.
dfrkg lh Ahdhstfs
Ahdhs tfs uig dgoubag lh dfof l`v`nf, pgrg
Fs hstulfs prhchlhnths phri`thi-nfs cgptgr g gipb`lãf lf i`tf.
i `tf.

F nfih lh ]rfihthu “ "f prhv`lhnth" “ cfipfrtg uig gie`vgbënc`g;

gquhbh quh "prhvë", cfif ui pg` hi rhbgïãf gfs d`bafs, pgrg hv`tgr-bahs
qugbquhr cgrënc`g, `rç, lh dgtf, prfcurgr gqu`bf lh quh hbhs
h bhs tëi
nhchss`lglh.
Nhssh shnt`lf, ]rfihthu, pgrt`nlf í prfcurg lf dfof lf Càu, à ui efi pg`,
hiefrg nãf pfssgifs l`zhr quh hbh sh thnag ifstrglf prhv`lhnth gf ohrgr,
nfs b`i`ths lh sug própr`g shihnth, cr`gturgs
ifrth. c r`gturgs cfnlhnglgs gf \çrtgrf, í
Igs quhi lh nós sfnag cfi shihbagnth cf`sg gf prfcr`gr d`bafs g quhi
phnsgifs quh f cgbfr lh nfssf gdhtf h f lhsphrtgr lf dfof lh shu `nthbhctf
shrãf sud`c`hnths pgrg dgzhr cfi quh v`vgi6
v `vgi6
Gquhbh quh "vë gnths" tgieài lhvh sgehrs gehr quh f dfof l`v`nf nãf pflh
lhschr gtà hssh buogr lh hxéb`f, g nãf shr quh g auign`lglh dgïg ui
hsdfrïf pgrg sg`r lgb` h `r í cfnqu`stg lf dfof ng dfrkg lh Ahdhstfs
(\`pahrhta) shou`nlf f cgi`naf kustf.
À vhrlglh quh f cgi`naf à bfnof, l`déc`b, h pgrhch ig`s `ipfssévhb g`nlg
qugnlf à cfns`lhrglf ihnfs pfr s` ihsif lf quh pfr shus d`bafs.
Agvhr`g gqu` iu`tgs cfncbusøhs pgrg bhvgr gf s`ipbhs pbgnf ps`cfbóo`cf!
]rfihthu nãf pflh phrchehr hssh cgi`naf, hbh quhr cuiubgr
`ihl`gtgihnth shus d`bafs lh ui càu quh nãf cfnahïg `ndhrnf, lh uig v`lg
quh nãf pgssh
]rfihthu hstç phbg cruz.
`ipgc`hnth.
Hbh à thntglf g rfuegr hssh Dfof pgrg cfi
c fi hbh gquhchr fs shus.
Hncfntrgifs gqu` f lhcgbquh qugsh quh hxgtf lf i`tf eéeb`cf g rhsph`tf lg
Wuhlg.
À pfr `ipgc`ënc`g quh f afihi h g iubahr lhvfrgrgi g "igïã", drutf lf
cfnahc`ihntf lg lugb`lglh, quh hbhs nãf hstgvgi prhpgrglfs pgrg
gss`i`bgr.
G iubahr `nthrvài nf i`tf orhof ng phssfg lh ]gnlfrg, cukf nfih s`on`d`cg
"gquhbg quh thi tflfs fs lfns".
Cfi hdh`tf, ngsc`lg lgs iãfs lh Ahdhstfs pfr frlhi lh [hus, ]gnlfrg
cgrrhog f dfof l`v`nf hi pfthnc`gb ng dgifsg cg`xg quh bah à hntrhouh h
quh hbg nãf thi f l`rh`tf lh ger`r.
Lfi l`v`nf, hssgs hnhro`gs-dfof shrãf hbhihntfs lh v`lg, sh f Afihi
sfuehr
nãf shrv`r-sh gf
cfnqu`stfu, lhbgs, h lhthipf
ihsif ifrth,quh
sh hbh nãf cfnahchu ffslfién`f
f Cfnahc`ihntf, shus pflhrhs
lf h
ihsif.
G cg`xg lh ]gnlfrg, phbg rhchpt`v`lglh lh "tflfs
" tflfs fs lfns" quh hbg ccfntài,
fntài,
dgz-nfs phnsgr nfs pàs (hstulglfs gc`ig).
G gehrturg lg cg`xg nãf à gcgsf g ràpb`cg lf dhr`ihntf dh`tf nf pà,
gehrturg, cagog phbg qugb sh hscfgi, hi vãf, gs hnhro`gs auigngs6
Lhpbfrçvhb ahifrrgo`g quh lhshncglh`g gs pg`xøhs, gs go`tgïøhs dher`s, fs
gt`v`sifs lh tflg hspàc`h...
Kç dgbh` g rhsph`tf l`ssf.
]rfihthu nãf sgeh rhcfnahchr hi ]gnlfrg f drutf, lg i`shr`córl`g l`v`ng
quh bah hnv`g, pfr `nthriàl`f lg iubahr, f ohrih lf dfof quh hbh lhshkg h
lh quh hbh pr`vfu g Auign`lglh.
Nãf prfcurgnlf sfbuïãf pgrg shu prfebhig, shnãf hi sugs dfrïgs pséqu`cgs
 lh dgbsf igscub`nf,
]rfihthu hbh`igohi
à g própr`g nãf l`schrnh
lf shr fauignf
lfi l`v`nf.
quh nãf ubtrgpgssfu g "]frtg
lfs Afihns", cukf phnsgihntf, hiefrg prhv`lhnth, grrgstg-sh nf pbgnf

lgs prhfcupgïøhs lf Agvhr, h cukg cfnsc`ënc`g glfrihc`lg nãf pflh

l`schrn`r f lfi lh v`lg quh hbh cgrrhog hi
h i s`.
]rfihthu lhv`g lhspfsgr ]gnlfrg, sug `sag, ougrlgr cfi hbg g cg`xg shbglg
h tfigr, tgieài cfi hbg, f lurf cgi`naf lg dfrkg, pgssgnlf phbg pfrtg
hstrh`tg.
Fs "lfns" lh ]gnlfrg thr`gi s`lf b`ehrglfs gchrtglgihnth.
Hbhs nãf
d`bafs t`vhrgi
h quh suprhnhi
sug g`onfrånc`g.
pgc`ënc`g, nhi g fehl`ënc`g quh à hx`o`lg lfs
G`! gf ihsif thipf quh ]rfihthu pgrth pgrg durtgr f dfof lg dfrkg,
]gnlfrg à lhspfsglg pfr Hp`ihthu h giefs gerhi g cg`xg prf`e`lg.
Hp`ihthu, quh à pgrg ]rfihthu f quh Hsgû à pgrg Kgcfe, à f "Afihi
" Afihi
vhrihbaf", f afihi egngb`zglf, quh lhspfsg, hi ]gnlfrg, f dfof lgs
pg`xøhs thrrhstrhs.
Hi prfdunl`lglh, f dfof rfueglf h fs lfns quh hscfrrhi lg cg`xg gehrtg
sãf g ihsig rhgb`lglh; g lf shu `nvhst`ihntf nf névhb lf Agvhr ûn`cf ng
bfucurg lg sug pftënc`g, lh quh f afihi nãf pur`d`cglf nãf thi nhnaui
lfién`f.
]rfihthu tfig cfnsc`ënc`g lhssg bfucurg.
Lhc`lh rhtfigr f cgi`naf lg dfrkg pgrg cfnqu`stgr gé,g é, lhssg vhz cfi
gchrtf, f dfof lh v`lg.
Hbh
À f sh shpgrgg lh
rhtfif, Hp`ihthu.
\hsafuvga fu "phn`tënc`g".
Hbh pgssg phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" h gprhshntg-sh l`gnth lh Ahdhstfs.
Nfssf ps`qu`sif fc`lhntgb dgz iu`tf igb hi sh b`ehrtgr lgs nfïøhs lh
 kubogihntf, lh rhsogth, lh pun`ïãf b`oglgs í phn`tënc`g.
F pséqu`cf à hscrgvf lf kurél`cf.
G v`sãf hsp`r`tugb lhscferh g d`ngb`lglh b`ehrglfrg lf pfthnc`gb hnhroàt`cf
ife`b`zglf.
Gigrrglf g uig phlrg nf gbtf lf Cçucgsf
Cçuc gsf phbf dhrrh`rf l`v`nf, ]rfihthu
nglg ig`s dgz lf quh pgssgr phbgs prfvgïøhs quh tflf shr, nhssg htgpg lg
v`gohi, lhvh hndrhntgr.
\rgtg-sh, gqu`, lg bh` lg hvfbuïãf quh cfipfrtg uig nhchssçr`g dgsh lh
`nvfbuïãf pràv`g, h shr`g hrrf l`zhr quh hbg à pr`i`t`vg.
F i`tf s`tug ng gbturg f quh fs futrfs nfs dgzhi v`vhr hi prfdunl`lglh.
Igs trgtg-sh
quhlg lhsshh ihsif
ngs trhvgs prfchssf
lg hbhvgïãf ng buznfà lhcfrrhr lf qugb
s`iefb`zglg, g gbthrnånc`g
gqu`, lg
phbg suchssãf
lgs nf`ths h lfs l`gs, cukgs tfrturgs f ahró` thi lh supfrtgr;
"Lhsshcglf phbfs rg`fs grlhnths lf Sfb, vhrçs `ncb`ngr-sh g dbfr lf thu
cfrpf. \grlh lhig`s, pgrg f thu ofstf, g nf`th v`rç hscfnlhr f l`g sfe shu
igntf lh hstrhbgs..."  l`z-bah
 l`z-bah Ahdhstfs, quh nãf hscfnlh
hsc fnlh ig`s g ]rfihthu
cfif g nf`th f hnrhohbgrç.
]grhch `ipfrtgnth nãf pgssgr hi s`bënc`f f s`iefb`sif
s `iefb`sif lf rfcahlf gf qugb
]rfihthu à gcfrrhntglf; g phlrg nglg ig`s à quh f Afihi hnqugntf hbh
v`vh, hnqugntf à cfnsc`hnth.
]rfihthu à pr`s`fnh`rf lh s` ihsif gtà quh, ifrrhnlf h ngschnlf
ngsc hnlf shi
chssgr nf prfchssf lgs nf`ths h lfs l`gs, hbh cfnahch g tftgb b`ehrtgïãf.
G phlrg lh ]rfihthu shouh, pf`s, f prfchssf
prfchs sf gbquéi`cf: f ahró` pgssg phbgs
prfvgïøhs; tflg ignaã, uig çou`g vhi v`s`tç-bf
v `s`tç-bf h gb`ihntgr-sh lf shu
 déoglf quh,Lrgoãf
Hnqugntf tflg nf`th, rhngsch.
Ergncf, ougrl`ãf lg sfbh`rg lg "]frtg lfs lhushs", g
çou`g gpgrhch, lhssh bglf lg ]frtg, cfif
c fif ui ifnstrf lhvfrglfr.
Cfnahchifs f s`on`d`cglf l`ssf.

F déoglf lhd`nh-sh, cfif v`ifs, cfif f óroãf lh `nthorgïãf lgs hnhro`gs

rhgb`zglgs.
Lhvfrgnlf f déoglf lh ]rfihthu, g çou`g fer`og f afihi g lhschr ngs
nf`ths lf `ngcgeglf Ug  pgrg chbhergr gé gs sugs nûpc`gs cfi g thrrg-
iãh, quh f egïf h f påncrhgs s`iefb`zgi: tflg ignaã, f ahró` vhi
fdhrhchr í çou`g f "ihb" lf \fv  hbgefrglf.
@ssf,
Nf d`ilurgnth i`b gnfs.
lh i`b gnfs “ nûihrf lg un`lglh rhcfnqu`stglg “ ]rfihthu à
b`ehrtglf.
Hbh à `ntrfluz`lf pfr [hus ng ifrglg lfs lhushs.
Cfntulf, f i`tf nãf thri`ng gé.
G cfrfgïãf lh ]rfihthu nãf gcfnthch shi g ifrth lf chntgurf Wuérfn,
cukf d`i cfnd`rig g curg lg Auign`lglh.
Wuhi à, ng vhrlglh, Wu`rfn, f "`ndhr`fr" hi orhof6
Ihtglh afihi, ihtglh cgvgbf, afihi-gn`igb, hbh à cfnahc`lf c fnahc`lf pfr sug
sgehlfr`g, sug `nthb`oënc`g, h tgieài pfr uig cagog `ncurçvhb quh thi nf
pà.
]rfcurgnlf curç-bg, hbh sh tfig iàl`cf, hns`ng g grth lg ihl`c`ng, gss`i
cfif lh nuihrfsgs futrgs c`ënc`gs.
Wuérfn cu`lg lg hlucgïãf lh Gqu`bhs, g quhi hns`ng g v`rtulh lh ui
eçbsgif orgïgs gf qugb f ahró` cu`lg lfs dhr`ihntfs lh shus ouhrrh`rfs
shi pflhr curgr f dhr`ihntf quh hbh própr`f rhcheh nf pà h quh `rç cgusgr
g sug ifrth.
F chntgurf hns`ng shounlf uig `nthb`oënc`g h uig sgehlfr`g `nhrhnths gf
tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr bge`rént`cf.
Sfdrh cruhbihnth cfi g cagog fntfbóo`cg quh nhi sug sgehlfr`g nhi sug
`nthb`oënc`g cfnshouhi curgr.
Cgnsglf lh tgntfs igbhs, Wuérfn phlh g [hus g ifrth hi trfcg lg
b`ehrtgïãf lh ]rfihthu.
]grhch quh Wuérfn, afihi-gn`igb, `lhnt`d`cg-sh tftgbihnth, nf i`tf orhof,
cfi f dhr`ihntf nf pà lg auign`lglh.
Sug ifrth s`on`d`cg g curg lhssh
lhs sh dhr`ihntf.
D`cf cfifv`lg gf cfnstgtgr, uig vhz ig`s, gqu`, g un`lglh dunlgihntgb
quh b`og tflfs fs i`tfs, tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs, h cukg buz sh hbhvg afkh
nfvgihnth cfif g lh uig gurfrg nf nfssf nfss f càu tãf phsglf.
"Gn`qu`bgrh` g sgehlfr`g lfs sçe`fs h g `nthb`oënc`g lfs `nthb`ohnths."
Gcgsf, g ifrth lf chntgurf
c hntgurf nãf à hssh gn`qu`bgihntf6
F Gifr, Dfof l`v`nf, pgssglf phbg cruc`d`xãf,
c ruc`d`xãf, hi \`pahrhta trgnsdfrig h
rhcr`g.
Só f Gifr à cgpgz lh curgr.
c urgr.
Só hbh pflh b`ehrtgr-nfs lfs chntgurfs quh g`nlg cfnluzhi f iunlf gtugb.
Gcgehifs f hstulf lf i`tf lh ]rfihthu tgb cfif nfs à cfntglf phbg
cfsifofn`g ahbën`cg; lhpf`s lg ifrth lh Wuérfn h lg b`ehrtgïãf lh
]rfihthu, f iunlf sfdrh ui L`bûv`f hi tulf shihbagnth gf lhscr`tf phbg
Eéeb`g.
G Auign`lglh b`oglg g Hp`ihthu-Wuérfn à pur`d`cglg phbg Çoug.
F cgsgb Lhucgb`ãf-]`rrg, quh sferhv`vh gf L`bûv`f, rhpfvfg g \hrrg bgnïgnlf
phlrgs pfr c`ig lfs fierfs.
 Shihnths l`v`ngs nhssh névhb, hssgs phlrgs sãf g auign`lglh v`nlfurg,
auign`lglh hi quh f L`v`nf pflh gofrg crhschr,
c rhschr, pf`s shu prftót`pf
rhcfnqu`stfu, nuig kustg gschnsãf, hssh Dfof lh quh hbh pr`vgrg "shus
d`bafs" h quh, lhpf`s, hbh rfuegrg lh dfrig lhsfnhstg.

Nhssh shnt`lf, f ]rfihthu orhof pgrhch-ih gnunc`gr f Ihss`gs cr`stãf.

c r`stãf.
Sh hssg `là`g à cfrrhtg, g ht`ifbfo`g
ht `ifbfo`g lh shu nfih nãf shr`g g quh sh
s h b`og í
nfïãf lh prfihssg, lh prhdhrënc`g í quh sh b`og í nfïãf lh prhv`lënc`g6
<. G Dgbsg Ferg hi Ergncf fu g Cfnqu`stg lf \fsãf lh Furf
À nhchssçr`f tgieài, `ndhb`zihnth, dgbgr lg dgbsg "Ferg hi Ergncf", quh f
i`tf
Dr`xf lf \fsãfd`bafs
h Ahbh, lh Furf ihGtgignth,
lf rh` pgrhch `bustrgr.
gihgïglfs pfr sug iglrgstg @nf,
dfohi lf pgbçc`f ifntglfs nui cgrnh`rf cukf tfsãf à lh furf: f cgrnh`rf
thi f pflhr lh sh lhsbfcgr nf gr gss`i cfif ng thrrg: gbài lf ig`s, thi f
lfi lg pgbgvrg.
Lurgnth g v`gohi, Ahbh à tfiglf lh ihlf h cg` nf igr.
Dr`xf cahog sfz`naf í Cóbqu`lg.
Bç, hbh sgcr`d`cg g [hus, f cgrnh`rf, h prhshnth`g cfi f shu tfs
tfsãf
ãf f rh` lf
pgés.
Hssh ûbt`if prhnlh g uig çrvfrh g vhsth lhsbuiergnth h g cfnd`g í ougrlg
lh ui lrgoãf.
Hssg à g fr`ohi lf \fsãf
\fs ãf lh Furf.
Shu s`iefb`sif ifstrg-sh-nfs gqu` hi pbhng buz; Ngsc`lfs
Ngsc `lfs lg un`lglh
(Gtgignth s`on`d`cg "f `nl`v`sévhb", f "nãf-iûbt`pbf"),
"nãf- iûbt`pbf"), Dr`xf h Ahbh sãf g
lugb`lglh
lhspfkglgquh, pfrun`lglh
lg sug uig dr`vfb`lglh
fr`o`ngb. `ndgnt`b (@nf quhr l`zhr "cr`gnïg"), à
Igs @nf “ dhi`n`nf lh Gtgignth “ pflh shr tgieài f shu nãf-rhgb`zglf,
quh Dr`xf h Ahbh sh hncgrrhogi lh rhgb`zgr.
]rhshnth lh Ihrcûr`f, f cgrnh`rf bui`nfsf quh hbhs cgvgbogi à g sug
Ngturhzg pr`ih`rg, quh fs tfig pgrt`c`pgnths lg thrrg h lf gr, hstgnlf hbhs
própr`fs b`oglfs, Dr`xf gf dfof h Ahbh í çoug.
F gn`igb thi f lfi lg dgbg: Dr`xf h Ahbh, d`bafs lh lhus, sãf
fntfbfo`cgihnth vhref.
Wuherglg hssg un`lglh h, pfrtgntf, tfrngnlf-sh `nhv`tçvhb g sug shpgrgïãf,
fs lf`s `riãfs sh lh`xgi; "Ahbh
" Ahbh cfnahch f ihlf", `stf à, cfndhrh g quhi
lhvhr`g shr f shu shrvf, f Cfsifs, f pflhr quh só f ]g` tt`nag`nag sferh hbh.
Lhsb`oglf lg sug dfnth, f Afihi `nvhrth gs cfrrhnths h pfbgr`zg f quh bah
`nsp`rgvg "ihlf h trhifr", l`gnth lf L`v`nf, pgrg f iunlf cr`glf quh, g
pgrt`r
G quhlglh lh
hntãf,
Ahbhbah
nf `nsp`rg f ihlf.
igr s`on`d`cg f gegnlfnf lg sug ngturhzg l`v`ng hi
prfvh`tf lh uig nfvg ngturhzg, quh f afihi cr`g pgrg p grg s` ihsif l`gnth lf
iunlf ign`dhstglf cukg hxphr`ënc`g hbh vg` dgzhr.
Ng b`nougohi eéeb`cg, l`régifs quh Ahbh hstç rhvhst`lf lg sug "tûn`cg lh
phbh".
Hi b`nougohi e`fbóo`cg; hbh sh dgz ohrih ngs çougs igtr`c`g`s.
Fs cgntfs lg Aàbglh `rãf prgnthgr f ]grgésf
]grgés f phrl`lf lf pgbçc`f pgthrnf h
sg`rãf hi euscg lg Buz “ dfof lf cgrnh`rf hb`i`nglf.
À uig çrvfrh vhrlh quh gofrg cgrrhog f \fsãf lh Furf, g tûn`cg lh buz.
Gcrhschnthifs quh hssg çrvfrh ahrlg lf cgrnh`rf f lfi lg pgbgvrg.
Dr`xf, f `riãf, nãf sh tfrng, gcgsf,
gcgs f, f glvhrsçr`f6...
Uhhncfntrgr g ]gbgvrg, "Thre`d`cgr g cgrnh", rhcuphrgr g vhsth lh buz, hssg
à, cbgrgihnth hxprhssg gtrgvàs lhssh nfvf i`tf, g euscg dunlgihntgb lg
 Auign`lglh.
S`ogifs gofrg f ifv`ihntf lh vfbtg, gssui`lf pfr Ahbh,
Ah bh, quh sh
trgnsdfrifu hi L`fihlhs ng shqòënc`g lf i`tf.

 
Afihi lh tûn`cg lh phbh, hbh ngsch nuig dgiéb`g rhgb, igs lhstrfnglg,
séiefbf lg sug fntfbfo`g phrl`lg, quh hbh lhc`lh rhcfnqu`stgr.
Hi @fbcfs, ]àb`gs lhstrfng shu `riãf Àsfn h rh`ng sferh g \hssçb`g.
L`fihlhs, d`baf lh Àsfn, lhc`lh rhcfnqu`stgr f trfnf.
\hnlf sge`lf lhssh prfkhtf pfr `nthriàl`f lh ui frçcubf, ]àb`gs prfcurg
dgzhr cfi quh shu sfer`naf ifrrg.
Àsfn ignlg gnunc`gr g ifrth lg cr`gnïg, hiefrg,
h iefrg, ng rhgb`lglh, pgrg
 pfupç-bg lh qugbquhr igblglh, hbh g cfnd`h gf chntgurf
c hntgurf Wuérfn.
Lh Wuérfn, f `bustrh iàl`cf, L`fihlhs rhcheh g `n`c`gïãf hi tflgs gs grths
quh cfnahchifs.
Lhbh rhcheh tgieài f nfih lh Kgsãf.
Kgsã f.

Ahbh, quh hi L`fihlhs g`nlg à "phnsgihntf l`v`nf", thnlf cfnsc`ënc`g

c fnsc`ënc`g lh
quh thrç lh rhcuphrgr uig rhgbhzg phrl`lg, nãf à ig`s, hi Kgsãf, shnãf f
d`baf lf iàl`cf, `stf à, f d`baf lg `nthb`oënc`g h lg sgehlfr`g auigngs, quh
cfnst`tuhi f ift`vf lg dgig lf chntgurf.
c hntgurf.
]grhch quh, gqu`, hssg iulgnïg lh nfih nãf cfrrhspfnlh ig`s g uig
hvfbuïãf cfif gquhbg cukg hxphr`ënc`g v`vhifs prhchlhnthihnth, igs aç
uig `nvfbuïãf l`v`nf.
Cfnahc`ihntf nf iunlf egngb`zglf lgs c`ënc`gs auigngs lhsb`oglgs lf
F nfih lh Kgsãf hstç b`oglf í nfïãf lh curg.
Igs nãf sh trgtg lh uig curg lh gcfrlf cfi f iflf lf iàl`cf egngb6
F i`tf nfs l`rç sh Kgsãf à f iàl`cf l`v`nf quh g Auign`lglh hsphrg.
]àb`gs frogn`zg uig dhstg hi afnrg lh ]fsh`lfn.
Shi cfnahchr g vhrlglh`rg `lhnt`lglh lf kfvhi, hbh cfnv`lg Kgsãf
Kgs ãf pgrg
hssg dhstg.
]àb`gs só sgeh f quh f frçcubf bah agv`g rhvhbglf; shu rh`nf `bhoét`if thrç
ui d`i.
Hbh shrç lhstrfnglf pfr ui glfbhschnth quh sh gprhshntgrç g hbh "cfi ui
pà lhscgbïf".
Gf l`r`o`r-sh pgrg f pgbçc`f lf rh`, Kgsãf gtrgvhssg ui vgu, t`rg gs
sgnlçb`gs, igs lh`xg uig, quh sh phrlh ng cfrrhnthzg...
À, pfrtgntf,
H nfssf ahró`igncgnlf
lhd`nh-sh hgss`i
cfi ui pà lhscgbïf
lh gcfrlf quhihstrh
cfi shu hbh sh gprhshntg g ]à
]àb`gs.
h, `ndhb`zihnth,b`gs.
lhslh hntãf, tulf dgz crhr quh g cfnqu`stg lf \fsãf lh Furf, í qugb ]àb`gs
cfnstrgnoh shu kfvhi r`vgb, sh dgrç lh gcfrlf cfi ih`fs `nglhquglfs í
orgnlhzg lf hiprhhnl`ihntf.
G ihnfs quh Kgsãf pgssh phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns" h sh hbhvh, shounlf f
r`ofr lg Grth Uhgb, g tflfs fs orgus quh f shpgrgi lg \ûn`cg lh Buz, f
\fsãf lh Furf nãf shrç cfnqu`stglf, fu f shrç lh iflf drgulubhntf.
Wuh dgz Kgsãf6
@ihl`gtgihnth, hbh ifstrg g `ipfss`e`b`lglh hi quh sh hncfntrg lh
gssui`r sfz`naf hssg cfnqu`stg.
Hbh rhûnh hi tfrnf lh s` ahró`s vgbhnths h nãf lfs ihnfrhs, pf`s vhifs
 kuntgr-sh gf cahdh lg hxphl`ïãf Cgstfr h ]óbux, Aàrcubhs, \hshu, Frdhu,
htc., gf tflf, c`nqòhntg h lf`s afihns quh rhchehrãf f nfih lh
Grofngutgs,
F nûihrf 85lf à, nfih lg ngvh Grof,
hv`lhnthihnth, ng qugb
qu gb hbhs hiegrcgi.
s`ieób`cf.
F 5, g lugb`lglh b`oglg gf nûihrf 8= quh, sfz`naf, `nl`cg g tftgb`lglh lgs
pfss`e`b`lglhs hi ohrih, dgz-nfs phnsgr quh hssg nferh tr`pubgïãf cgrrhog
hi s` tgntf g lugb`lglh lf iunlf ign`dhstglf, shu pfntf lh pgrt`lg,
qugntf g tftgb pfthnc`gb`lglh lf L`v`nf, f 7, shu fekht`vf.
Sferh Grof, tflf f Fb`ipf sh `ncb`ng cfi thrnurg.
Nãf nfs hsquhïgifs lh quh f Fb`ipf, nf vfcgeubçr`f orhof, cfrrhspfnlh
gf iunlf lf "I`" lfs aherhus," h quh f I`, f iunlf lf gbtf  (<= + 7=),
thi cfif vgbfr nuiàr`cf 8=, cfif g pgbgvrg Jfb  (5= + 3=), quh quhr
l`zhr "tulf".
G bhtrg Nfun  b`oglg gss`i gf nûihrf 8=, à f "ph`xh", f "ohrih".
Ng afrg lg pgrt`lg, nfssfs 85 Grofngutgs, hieg`xf, tëi f dgvfr lh tflf f
 Càu,sug
Hi hi"tftgb`lglh"
c`ig. rhcfnst`tuélg, Kgsãf thntg rhcuphrgr g `nthor`lglh lh
shus pàs.

Xig vhz rhcfnst`tuélg phbfs Grofngutgs g shu rhlfr tflg g Aàbglh, Kgsãf
vfbtg g shr Ahbh.
Sgehrç hbh cfnshrvgr hssh lfi l`v`nf6
Hnd`i, Grof, vfognlf ruif gf \fsãf lh Furf, à g cfr prgtg `nlf ruif g
shu lhv`r furf fu, g`nlg, f hstço`f bungr gnths lg cfnqu`stg sfbgr.
G Bug, quh s`iefb`zg Grof, h f igr, quh g rhcheh, cfnst`tuhi fs séiefbfs
s éiefbfs
lf tr`ånoubf
]gssgrãf phbg`ndhr`fr
"]frtglg
lfsGrvfrh,
Afihns"sue`nlf
hsshslfkfvhns
Agvhrcfnqu`stglfrhs6
pgrg f pbgnf pséqu`cf.
ps équ`cf.
À dçc`b prhvhr quh hbhs sh `rãf lhpgrgr cfi prfvgs thrrévh`s; sh Kgsãf
cfnshouh hscgpgr lgs lhbéc`gs lg shlutfrg
s hlutfrg rg`nag lgs `bags lh Bhinfs, hbh
só f cfnshouh orgïgs ís glvhrtënc`gs lh Aàrcubhs.
Sh g ngvh cfnshouh trgnspfr uig egrrgohi quh o`ognths lh sh`s ergïfs
cfnstruérgi nf pfrtf quh g ger`ogvg, à g`nlg orgïgs í dfrïg lh Aàrcubhs.
Igs bfof Aàrcubhs lh`xg shus cfipgnah`rfs
c fipgnah`rfs h sug lhdhcïãf shrç shou`lg lh
futrgs.
G ehbg un`lglh lf `néc`f à quherglg, g dhr`lg à rhgehrtg, h cfihïg g
ahifrrgo`g.
G rhluz`lg hqu`ph lfs Grofngutgs gprfx`ig-sh, hntãf, lh ui hstrh`tf
lhsd`bglh`rf ougrlglf pfr lf`s rfcahlfs ióvh`s, quh sh hntrhcafcgi
cfnstgnthihnth, hsigognlf hi sugs thrrévh`s ignléeubgs tflf egrcf quh
t`vhr g lhsorgïg lh Grof
Gé, hv`lhnthihnth, sh gvhnturgr
hndrhntgnhssgs çougs. pfrtg, quh à ougrlglg
uig `ipfrtgnth
pfr ui ifnstrf lhvfrglfr.
Orgïgs g ui gl`v`naf, hbg pgssg, gb`çs, nãf shi orgnlhs prhkuézfs, pfrquh,
ng pfpg, shu bhih à hsigoglf phbgs thrrévh`s ignléeubgs quh sh dhcagrgi
lh rhphnth.
H sh g cgehïg phnsgnth, s`iefb`zglg gqu` phbf bhih, à lhvfrglg, pflh-sh
gcgsf l`zhr quh g prfvg df` vhnc`lg6
vhnc `lg6
Shi bhih, hi futrgs pgbgvrgs, shi càrherf, Grof cfsth`g f b`tfrgb lg Çs`g,
cfif ui chof quh cgi`nag kuntf ís pgrhlhs, tgthgnlf-gs, pgrg cahogr,
hnd`i, í Cóbqu`lg.
Igs nhi pfr `ssf g phquhng tr`pubgïãf df` hbhvglg gf hstço`f lf cfnsc`hnth.
Sh shu cfrpf chof hstç ng Cóbqu`lg, sugs qugb`lglhs lh gbig nãf f
"shouhi".
Nhssgs
iu`tf í cfnl`ïøhs, g cahoglg
lh \hshu gf lhI`nfs.
pgbçc`f lh Kgsãf gf pgbçc`f lf rh` Hhths gsshihbag-sh
Bç, hrg g purg Gr`glnh quh, pfr gifr, cfnv`lgvg f ahró` g prfcurgr f
Cfnahc`ihntf.
Gqu`, nf dfof lg pg`xãf, Ihlà`g, g dh`t`ch`rg, tfrng-sh cûipb`ch lh Kgsãf.
G igo`g tfig f buogr lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Ihlà`g usgrç lh tflg g sug c`ënc`g pgrg vhnchr fs `nsuphrçvh`s festçcubfs
quh Hhths, dur`fsf, cfbfcg hntrh f kfvhi h f \fsãf quh hbh prhthnlh
cfnqu`stgr.
Ihlà`g nãf à "phnsgihntf l`v`nf".
Nf hstço`f pgrg f qugb Kgsãf `nvfbu`u, hbh só
s ó pflh hncfntrgr f "phnsgihntf
purf" (igs nãf pur`d`cglf!), f phnsgihntf chrhergb`zglf phbf `nthbhctf fu
phrvhrt`lf phbg igo`g.
"Nãf phri`t`rh` quh bhvhs f \fsãf, l`z Hhths g Kgsãf, g nãf shr quh sg`gs
 vhnchlfr
cukg efcg lg shou`nth
vfi`tg prfvg;lh
ture`baøhs thnaf lf`s tfurfs
cagigs. cukfs
À prhc`sf quhpàs sãflfihs,
tu fs lh erfnzh
quh hfs
gtrhbhs h quh, cfi uig cagrrug lh gïf lh ui só ebfcf, bgvrhs, pr`ih`rf,
qugtrf kh`rgs lh thrrhnf shbvgohi h `ncubtf. \hri`nglf hssh trgegbaf, hi

buogr lh tr`of, shihgrçs fs lhnths quh hu bah lgrh`. Lhbhs ngschrãf

o`ognths. Bfof quh hbhs sgérhi lg thrrg, gtgcg-fs, igtg-fs g tflfs h, sh
thri`ngrhs hssg tgrhdg nuig ûn`cg kfrnglg, pflhrçs bhvgr f \fsãf lf
cgrnh`rf."
Kgsãf, cfrgkfsf, gch`tg.
Igs sgehifs quh g cfrgohi hstç rhbgc`fnglg cfi f pbgnf pséqu`cf h nãf
trgz nhnauigsfbuïãf
G vhrlglh`rg sfbuïãfsópgrg
pflhf gtugb prfebhig.
shr lglg phbg Grth lg Orgnlh Ferg.
Nhssg vhrlglh`rg c`ënc`g l`v`ng, Ihlà`g tfig f buogr lg igo`g.
G dh`t`ch`rg nãf lh`xg lh thr b`ogïøhs cfi Wuérfn, f iàl`cf egngb.
Hrg phbf eçbsgif lf `nthbhctf quh Wuérfn phnsgvg gs dhr`lgs, h à cfi ui
eçbsgif quh Ihlà`g tfig f ahró` `nvubnhrçvhb.
Cfi f cfrpf uno`lf cfi hssh unoòhntf iço`cf, Kgsãf à rhvhst`lf lh uig
dfrïg cfbfssgb h sg`-sh ehi lhssg prfvg lhsuigng.
Tfbtgrhifs g`nlg g dgbgr g rhsph`tf lf shnt`lf s`ieób`cf lhssg prfvg nf
hstulf sferh fs lhnths h g bénoug nf névhb
névh b lg cgehïg.
Gs prfvgs lh Kgsãf g`nlg nãf thri`ngrgi.

Bhierhif-nfs lh quh ui lrgoãf ougrlg g Çrvfrh ng qugb hstç

hs tç phnlurglf
f \fsãf.
À `ipfssévhb
Gss`i hbh sh gpflhrgr-sh lhbh shi
hsqu`vg lgs dgshs hndrhntgr
lg Ferg f ifnstrf.
hi Nhorf.
@ncgpgz lh gssui`-bgs, Kgsãf lh`xg-sh bhvgr pfr Ihlà`g quh, phbg
cfnchntrgïãf lh sugs "dfrïgs lh phnsgihntf", glfrihch f ifnstrf.
À hntãf dçc`b pgrg Kgsãf igtç-bf h gpflhrgr-sh lf \fsãf.
Hi suig, trgtg-sh gqu`, purg h s`ipbhsihnth, lh ui rfuef.
]hbg cagiglg igo`g nhorg, pfrquh à nhogt`vg h sh cfbfcg nf buogr lg Ferg
hi Nhorf pfs`t`vg, f Afihi rfueg pflhrhs quh, bfof, sh vfbtgi cfntrg
hbh.
Hssg vhsth lh buz só pflhrç quh`igr gquhbh quh nãf sh trgnsdfrifu hi buz.
N`ssf rhs`lh f hsshnc`gb lf i`tf, quh cfnt`nug
cfnt `nug hi lrgiçt`cgs gvhnturgs.
Kgsãf dfoh lg Cóbqu`lg, gegnlfngnlf Ihlà`g.
Hstg ignlg cfif prhshnth lh nûpc`gs íquhbg quh lhvh sh cgsgr cfi Kgsãf
uig tûn`cg hnvhnhnglg, quh quh`ig g `ndhb`z nf ifihntf hi quh hbg g
vhsth.
Cfnsui`lg phbf dfof, hbg ifrrh, hnqugntf shu hspfsf cfnt`nug g usgr shus
pflhrhs iço`cfs pgrg usurpgr, shi rhcfnqu`stç-bf, f trfnf lf ]g`.
] g`.
Kgsãf, pfr sug vhz, à lhstrfnglf, bhvg uig v`lg bgihntçvhb h gcgeg
su`c`lgnlf-sh.
Hssh à f prfchssf lg dgbsg Ferg hi Ergncf.
Nuncg shrç lhig`s ihl`tgr g rhsph`tf lhssg orgnl`fsg thntgïãf lh pflhr,
ui lfs trës thntçcubfs lg a`lrg-Sgtgnçs,
a `lrg-Sgtgnçs, ferg nhorg pfr rhpubsg lg Ferg
hi Nhorf.
H iu`tgs fergs nhorgs tëi g gpgrënc`g lf ergncf.
F \fsãf lh Furf, à, hi tflf cgsf, f \fsãf lh Furf.
Igs qugnlf g Ferg hi Nhorf à hscgifthglg, chlf fu tgrlh g tûn`cg
quh`ig gquhbh quh g rfuefu.
Hssh à f `ns`l`fsf phr`of quh gprhshntgi tflgs gs tàcn`cgs quh prhthnlhi
 bhvgr í Ferg hi
lh lhsphrtgr nfsErgncf qugnlf
l`scépubfs hbgs nãf sãf
g cfnsc`ënc`g hns`nglgs lg
lg tftgb`lglh pfrFerg.
Ihstrhs cgpgzhs
F Fc`lhnth à tgntf ig`s thntglf pfr hssh "dgbsf Ergncf" quh df` hnchrrglf
lurgnth sàcubfs nuig cfhrïãf ifrgb iu`tf pfucf hxgbtgnth.

Hbh cfiphnsfu, cg`nlf ng grigl`bag çr`lg lh ui gt`v`sif `nthbhctugb shi

tràougs quh bhvfu gf gtugb `ipgssh.
]fr rhgïãf, hbh cfrrh f sàr`f r`scf lh cg`r
c g`r ng grigl`bag cfntrçr`g (quh hu
qugb`d`cgr`g lh "ûi`lg") lh uig iést`cg g tflf prhïf.
@ssf df` `n`c`glf bgrogihnth cfi gs hxphr`ënc`gs lh tflf oënhrf, prgt`cglgs
afkh shi l`schrn`ihntf, lhslh gs tàcn`cgs lgs ig`s sçe`gs gpgrënc`gs gtà
gs v`gohnsshcf
Cgi`naf grt`d`c`g`s ig`sûi`lf,
h cgi`naf bfucgs.sãf giefs v`v`lfs pgrg cfiphnsgr uig
\rgl`ïãf rhkh`tglg, pfrquh à `ndgnt`b`zgnth h tftgbihnth `nsud`c`hnth pgrg g
nfvg hx`oënc`g lh uig auign`lglh quh gefrlg f ifnstrf lhvfrglfr lg
"]frtg lfs Afihns".
F Afihi lhvh rhhncfntrgr g \rgl`ïãf h, nhbg, uig futrg l`ihnsãf
l `ihnsãf lg sug
ihnsgohi.
À v`vhnlf hssg ihnsgohi quh g \rgl`ïãf bah cfnd`grç f rhstf lfs shus
thsfurfs h quh f Afihi rhcfihïgrç g v`vhr g sug vhrlglh`rg hncgrngïãf.

8. G Uhssurrh`ïãf lh Cr`stf. F Cfrpf Obfr`fsf

"Hu l`ssh; Tós sf`s lhushs", hxcbgig f Hspér`tf L`v`nf phbg vfz lf sgbi`stg.
Cr`stf bhierg `ssf gfs kulhus, quh phogi phlrgs pgrg gphlrhkç-bf
(Kf, Q;3<) qugnlf hbh gtr`eu` g s` uig d`b`gïãf l`v`ng.
H, ig`s
hi I`igl`gnth, hbh gcrhschntg;
dgrç tgieài "Å ihn,
"Åihn,
gs fergs quh Åihn,
Hu dgïf huig`frhs
h dgrç vfs l`of, gquhbh
g`nlg quh crë
pfrquh Hu
vfu pgrg f ]g`..." (Kf, Q@T;75-73).

Hx`sth ferg ig`fr lf quh tfigr-sh "lhus"6

"lhus" 6
Gcgegr g Orgnlh Ferg dgzhnlf lhsth cfrpf lh cgrnh quh, "shihglf
cfrruptévhb", rhssusc`tg `ncfrruptévhb: shihglf lhsprhzévhb, rhssusc`tg
obfr`fsf: shihglf hndhrif, rhssusc`tg cah`f lh dfrïgs: shihglf
s hihglf cfrpf
gn`igb, rhssusc`tg cfrpf hsp`r`tugb... (@ Cfr, QT; <5).
G rhssurrh`ïãf lh Cr`stf, pr`iéc`gs lh trgnsiutgïãf un`vhrsgb, `ntrfluz-nfs
ng rhgb`lglh lhssh lhv`r.
À `ssf g "Efg-Nfvg", Egsfrga , nf chntrf lg qugb g "cgrnh", Egsgr
, shbglg nf cfrgïãf lf nãf-rhgb`zglf lh Glãf, hstç afkh tftgbihnth
rhgb`zglg.
Wuh ih phrlfhi gqu` f dgtf lh dgbgr lh i`stàr`fs sferh fs qug`s gquhbhs
quh, cfif hu, nãf fs v`vhrgi, lhvhr`gi cgbgr-sh.
Sh f dgïf, à pfrquh g v`lg lg @orhkg, ng sug cfrrhnth trgl`c`fngb, dgz-nfs
pgrt`c`pgr l`g h nf`th lhbhs, nui cft`l`gnf quh kç cfnahch gs pr`iéc`gs lg
rhssurrh`ïãf un`vhrsgb.
À tgieài pfrquh hsshs i`stàr`fs sh `nscrhvhi ng cgrnh lf Afihi, lh
quh hsth hstulf só thi cfif fekht`vf lhvfbvhr-bah f buogr, g vfcgïãf, g
orgnlhzg.
Igs quh tgieài ih phrlfhi f dgtf lh cfbfcgr, nf d`i lhsth cgpétubf
cfnsgorglf í pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs", ui gcfnthc`ihntf quh f
trgnschnlh rgl`cgbihnth.
F Fr`hnth lf Àlhn s`tug-sh ehi gbài lg "]frtg
"] frtg lfs lhushs".
F hncfntrf lh Kfe cfi Ehahifta h cfi c fi f Bhv`gtã tgieài nãf t`nag buogr
ng ferg lf tr`ånoubf tfrçc`cf, quh só lç gchssf í buz lg Çou`g.
 Lhpf`s lg hntrglg lh Cr`stf hi Khrusgbài “ quh cfrrhspfnlh í pgssgohi
phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs" “ Sug ifrth h Sug lhsc`lg gfs `ndhrnfs tgieài
nãf t`nagi ig`s f shu buogr.

Hssgs lugs ûbt`igs hxphr`ënc`gs tëi rhbgïãf cfi f \r`ånoubf suphr`fr.

G hssh ihsif tr`ånoubf phrthnch f i`stàr`f lg Uhssurrh`ïãf
Uhs surrh`ïãf lh Cr`stf.
Sh fpth` pfr hssg dfrig lh gprhshntgïãf, à ng ót`cg lh uig cfhrënc`g lh
ngrrgt`vgs.
Igs thnaf cfnsc`ënc`g lh hstgr cfrrhnlf f r`scf lh uig futrg `ncfhrënc`g;
g lfs l`dhrhnths névh`s lh hxphr`ënc`g lf shu cfnthûlf.
Hsphrf quh f bh`tfr
fescur`lglhs lhv`lgsrhcheg, pgrg b`i`ths.
gfs ihus shou`r-ih, uig buz `nthr`fr quh gcbgrgrç gs
Hssg buz só pflh v`r lh uig pgrt`c`pgïãf ng l`ihnsãf ihss`ån`cg, shi g
qugb, cfif Kfe, nãf sh pflh `r gf d`i lg hxphr`ënc`g lfs `ndhrnfs h,
pfrtgntf, lg hxphr`ënc`g lg buz pgrg g qugb hbhs gerhi.
\flgs gs orgnlhs cfrrhnths iést`cgs trgl`c`fng`s lg auign`lglh pflhi
bhvgr-nfs gtà g hscutg lf NFIH.
Só Cr`stf-Ihss`gs, fuv`lf, pflh dgzhr-nfs hntrgr nf NFIH h tfigr-nfs Sug
Buz.
Nf névhb lf \r`ånoubf suphr`fr, tflgs gs trgl`ïøhs sh rhgb`zgi ng un`lglh lg
Sug ]hssfg `nshpgrçvhb lg \r`nlglh l`v`ng.
Cr`stf hstç ng nf`th lf tûiubf.
Shu cfrpf df` cfehrtf cfi ui bhnïfb.
Lh ignaãz`nag, Igr`g Iglgbhng, uig lgs iubahrhs i`ródfrgs, vg` gtà f
Shpubcrf.
Hbh hstç gehrtf: f cfrpf df` rfueglf, l`z hbg pgrg s` ihsig.
Glvhrt`lfs, fs gpóstfbfs gcfrrhi.
Hbhs hntrgi nf Shpubcrf.
F bhnïfb hstç nf caãf.
F vàu quh cfer`g g cgehïg
cg ehïg hstç cu`lglfsgihnth lferglf g ui cgntf.
Í hntrglg lf Shpubcrf, Igr`g Iglgbhng cafrg.
Lf`s gnkfs, vhst`lfs lh ergncf, phrountgi-bah g cgusg lh sugs bçor`igs.
"]fr quh prfcurgr hntrh fs ifrtfs gquhbh quh hstç v`vf6 Hbh nãf hstç gqu`,
igs rhssusc`tfu!" (Bc, QQ@T; 8).
Lh rhphnth, ui afihi sh gprfx`ig.
Igr`g Iglgbhng phnsg quh sh trgtg lf kgrl`nh`rf; "Sh dfsth tu quh f bhvgsth,
l`zh-ih fnlh f pushsth", supb`cg-bah.
Khsus bah l`z; "Igr`g", hbg rhcfnahch Sug vfz h hxcbgig; "Ugeefun`"
(Ihstrh) (Kf, QQ;78-74).
Cfif gcfnthch cfi Igr`g Iglgbhng, fs phrhor`nfs nf cgi`naf lh Higûs
tgieài nãf rhcfnahchi Cr`stf rhssusc`tglf.
Sug própr`g vfz, qugnlf Hbh fs hns`ng, nãf bahs rhvhbg Sug `lhnt`lglh.
"Só ng drgïãf lf pãf à quh hbhs rhcfnahchi f Shnafr" (Bc, QQ@T; 3=).
F Gpóstfbf \fià, gushnth nf l`g lg Uhssurrh`ïãf,
Uhs surrh`ïãf, nãf pflh gcrhl`tgr ng
dubi`ngnth nftéc`g; "Sh hu nãf v`r hi sugs iãfs g igrcg lfs prhofs, sh hu
nãf pushr f ihu lhlf ngs sugs cagogs, sh hu nãf pushr i`nag iãf hi
shu bglf, nãf gcrhl`tgrh`" (Kf, QQ; 58).

"Ehi-gvhnturglf \fià! Hbh à quhi nfs dfrnhch g prfvg lh quh, hi Cr`stf

rhssusc`tglf, nãf sh trgtg lh futrf cfrpf shnãf lh Shu cfrpf igthr`gb,
dés`cf, phrhcévhb, quh sh tfrnfu hsp`r`tugb, `iphrhcévhb, obfr`fsf.’   
Hssh Cfrpf pgssg gtrgvàs lgs pgrhlhs.
 Hntrg nf chnçcubf dhcaglf fnlh hstãf rhun`lfs fs Gpóstfbfs.
Lhsgpgrhch lfs fbafs lfs phrhor`nfs lh Higûs shi ger`r g pfrtg lh sug
ifrglg.
Hssh cfrpf nãf sh gb`ihntg lh hbhihntfs igthr`g`s.

B`oglf gf \r`ånoubf suphr`fr, hbh sh gb`ihntg lf L`v`nf.

Sh hntãf Cr`stf cfih pãf fu ph`xh cfi
c fi Shus Gpóstfbfs, à pfr b`vrh
pgrt`c`pgïãf lg cfnl`ïãf cfrpórhg lhbhs, pgrt`c`pgïãf í qugb Sug própr`g
cfrpfrh`lglh lç shu cfnshnt`ihntf, cfif hbh própr`f dgz pgrt`c`pgr lg Sug
cfrpfrh`lglh gquhbhs gfs qug`s l`str`eu` f pãf hucgrést`cf.
À nhssh névhb quh sh rhgb`zg g trfcg, gss`ngbgnlf g un`lglh dunlgihntgb lf
Afihi ng ig`s
hbgefrgïãf suchssãf
sut`b lh sugslh`d`cgnlf-sh.
lhstg, qugb`lglhs `nthorglgs, g pgrt`r lg cgrnh, gtà g
"Nãf hx`sthi lf`s iunlfs, ui phquhnf, futrf orgnlh. Hx`sth gphngs ui
iunlf h, nf cgi`naf lg rhgb`zgïãf rhgb, f Afihi rhssusc`tglf rhprhshntg
g tftgb`lglh lhsth iunlf.’  
\gieài nãf hx`sthi lf`s cfrpfs, pf`s f tûiubf hstç vgz`f.
F cfrpf rhssusc`tglf à f ihsif quh kgz`g ifrtf nf tûiubf.
Wuh gcfnthchu6
Suro`u f gcfnthc`ihntf quh ubtrgpgssg nãf só f quh gs pgbgvrgs pflhi
lhscrhvhr, igs tgieài f quh f nfssf hnthnl`ihntf pflh cgptgr.
Só g c`ënc`g iflhrng, ng sug igrcag gpfdçt`cg, pflh thr gchssf í
`nhxpr`iévhb rhgb`lglh.
]rfpfnlf f pr`ncép`f lf "gesfbutf quh gs gpgrënc`gs rhcferhi", H`nsth`n
lhu í euscg lh cfnahc`ihntf
c fnahc`ihntf lf iunlf hxthr`fr f pflhr lh quh f afihi
nãf sgehfgprfpr`gr-sh
Hbh t`rfu pgrg g sug euscg `nthr`fr.
vàu lgs gpgrënc`gs.
Cfbahu-sh f drutf lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf, ger`u-sh f nûcbhf lf çtfif,
b`ehrfu-sh g hnhro`g, nf hxthr`fr.
Nf tûiubf, Cr`stf, tfiglf hssh drutf, ger`u-bah f nûcbhf.
\frnfu-sh f Shu NFIH.
G hnhro`g b`ehrglg gprhhnlh g tftgb`lglh lg igtàr`g cfrpfrgb h trgnsd`ourg-
g.
G Hnhro`g cr`glg vfbtfu tftgbihnth pgrg f shu póbf buz, prhsths g hnr`quhchr
f @ncr`glf.
Nãf sh 'trgtg tgntf lh uig hxpbfsãf quh hntãf thr`g lhstruélf ig`s quh g
\hrrg, qugntf lh uig `ipbfsãf quh nãf tfcg fs vàus lgs gpgrënc`gs.
Hbg igb phrturefu f hspgïf quh c`rcunlg
c `rcunlg f Uhssusc`tglf; hbg hipurrfu g
phlrg tuiubgr h pgrhch thr igrcglf gs `iprhssøhs lf cfrpf nf bhnïfb gnths
lh thr kfoglf
À phbf `nthr`fr,f nf
thc`lf pfr thrrg.
shorhlf lg cr`gïãf, nf s`bënc`f
s `bënc`f lf Nfih lh cglg ui lh
nós quh cfnt`nug f trgegbaf `ipbfs`vf.
À f trgegbaf lf Hspér`tf Sgntf pfnlf f iunlf hi lhsfrlhi pgrg rhgb`zç-bf.
F bgpsf lh thipf quh shpgrg g Uhssurrh`ïãf lg Gschnsãf pflhr`g nãf thr
hx`st`lf.
Cr`stf pflhr`g thr sue`lf gf ]g` shi l`ssf
l `ssf prhstgr cfntgs gfs nfssfs fbafs
lh cgrnh.
]hssfgbihnth, s`ntf hsshs c`nquhntg l`gs cfif c fif g orgïg lf thsthiunaf ig`s
dubourgnth lh nfssg gvhnturg auigng.
“ Lh ui bglf, f thsthiunaf lf cfrpf obfr`fsf quh cglg ui lh nós à
cagiglf g tfrngr-sh nf shu cfrpf.
“ Lh futrf bglf, f thsthiunaf lf trgegbaf `ipbfs`vf lf Hspér`tf SgntfS gntf quh
gnunc`g f Thref lh Lhus phbg efcg lf Uhssusc`tglf; "H`s quh vfu hnv`gr
 gtà vós gquhbh quh df` prfiht`lf phbf ihu ]g`" (Bc, QQ@T;<0).
"F Hspér`tf lh Thrlglh quh prfchlh lf ]g`" (Kf,
(K f, QT; 54) h quh afkh dgz f
Afihi crhschr ng sug l`ihnsãf lh Thrlglh.

Hi Cr`stf, nf l`g lg Uhssurrh`ïãf, g \hrrg sfeh gf Càu, ccfif,

fif, nf l`g lh
Ngtgb, f Càu lhschrg gtà gs prfdunlhzgs lg \hrrg.
Lhslh hntãf, nf s`bënc`f, g \hrrg ohri`ngrg f shu Lhus.
"Afkh, pfvfs, `rrgl`hifs gbhor`g; à g ]çscfg lf Shnafr. Lg ifrth í v`lg, lg
\hrrg gfs Càus, Cr`stf Lhus nfs bhvfu. Cgnthifs f a`nf lg v`tór`g. T`nlh;
ehegifs g nfvg ehe`lg, nãf g dfnth quh ui i`bgorh dhz erftgr lh ui
rfcahlf, igs Cr`stf, g dfnth `ncfrruptévhb Wuh kfrrg lf tûiubf h nfs lç f
Shu pflhr. \ulf hstç `nunlglf lh buz, f Càu, g \hrrg, f `ndhrnf. Wuh tflg
cr`gturg chbherh g Uhssurrh`ïãf lh Cr`stf; nHbh hbg sh dhz dfrth!"

Gss`i cgntg g b`turo`g frtflfxg ngs igt`ngs lh ]çscfg.

G ]çscfg lfs kulhus d`zhrg cfi quh f pfvf lh @srghb “ nãf nfs
hsquhïgifs l`ssf “ pgssgssh phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns".
G ]çscfg cr`stã dgz cfi quh hbh pgssh phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Hi Cr`stf, f Afihi tfrng g sh bhvgntgr ng pbhn`tulh lh shus lfns hlën`cfs
rhhncfntrglfs.
Ig`s g`nlg, cfi f sgbi`stg, hbh cgntg; "Cr`gsth igrgv`bafsgihnth g
l`on`lglh lf Afihi, igs, ig`s igrgv`bafsgihnth g`nlg, tu g rhstgurgsth,
g rhohnhrgsth, g rhssusc`tgsth."
Hssh à f "tr`undgb`sif cr`stãf", dgbsf, sh hbh sh hxprhssg nf pbgnf pséqu`cf,
igs kustf
Hi Sug sh hbh gfs
lhsc`lg hxubtg nf pbgnf
`ndhrnfs, hsp`r`tugb.
Cr`stf lhspfsfu Sug Iãh, Glãf lhspfsfu
Glgiga.
G Giglg nãf "nãf lç ig`s shus gerfbafs h shus hsp`nafs" (On, @@@;71),
igs hxgbg f phrduih lh sugs shihnths.
G igbl`ïãf lg "quhlg" à hsquhc`lg.
Gs bh`s quh rhohi gs rhbgïøhs lf Afihi h lg \hrrg sãf gefb`lgs.
G ifrth à vhnc`lg, g lfr gn`qu`bglg.
Igbjauta, f Uh`nf, rhchehu g v`s`tg lf Uh`.
Hbg sh hbhvg cfi Hbh ngs gbturgs h rhcheh g cfrfg; Jhtahr.
G Gschnsãf lh Cr`stf prfbfnog h gphrdh`ïfg g Sug Uhssurrh`ïãf.
F Gpóstfbf ]gubf, quh cfnahchu nf cgi`naf lh Lgigscf (@@ Cfr, Q@@;5-8)
gs pr`iéc`gs lhssg hxphr`ënc`g, b`og hstrh`tgihnth fs lf`s ifihntfs quh g
cfnst`tuhi; "Igs f quh quhr l`zhr 'Hbh sue`u,
s ue`u, shnãf quh hbh tgieài lhschu
ís rho`øhs
gc`ig `ndhr`frhs
lh tflfs lg \hrrg6
fs càus, Gquhbh
g d`i lh quh lhschu
pbhn`d`cgr à fcf`sgs"
tflgs gs ihsif quh sue`u
(]gubf, Hd, @T;
0-7=).
 

 
Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 78

Gchssf gf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr Jhtahr-Cafjaiga-E`

Jhtahr-Cafjaiga-E`nga
nga
F phscfïf  Gs shth vàrthergs chrv`cg`s h gs nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs
“

gnoàb`cgs
G t`ró`lh  F eubef rgqu`l`gnf
“

F nfih lf phscfïf, \sgvgr , à cfnst`tuélf lg bhtrg \sglà , f gnzfb

l`v`nf quh gpgnag f Afihi pgrg bhvç-bf í buz Gfr .
Hssg ihsig `lhforgd`g à hxprhssg phbf nfih lg nucg, Frhpa , quh
b`thrgbihnth à; b`ehrtgïãf lg tûn`cg lh phbh Gfr .
F afihi lh "lurg chrv`z" à gquhbh quh nãf nã f sh lh`xg gpgnagr phbf \sglà
l`v`nf, quh sh rhcusg, pf`s, g lh`xgr-sh kfrrgr ng sug dfnth Gy`n , pgrg shr
curglf, Ugpa , h cukgs gsgs lh pçssgrf Fpa  nãf pflhi ger`r-sh.

"Ga! hu quhr`g shr hstrgnoubglf!", l`z`g Kfe, d`soglf h lhegthnlf-sh gnths

lh vfbtgr g shr cr`gnïg.
F hstrgnoubgihntf sh bë ng rg`z \sgr  lg pgbgvrg \sgvgr , pf`s à nf
shu névhb quh, grquht`p`cgihnth, f Gbhpa , Hbfa`i, sh rht`rg, pgrg lgr buogr
g  hnchrrglf nf Pfl , f ohrih, igs tgieài f punaf lg Hspglg, Gbdg h
üihog lg Cr`gïãf.

Nhssh Sageegt pr`nc`pgb, f ]g` lhpfs`tg f Ohrih lf D`baf l`v`nf cfif

pr`ncép`f lg Cr`gïãf.
À pfr `ssf quh f Pfl, h nãf f Gbhpa, cfnst`tu` f punaf lg Hspglg ,
cgehïg-pr`ncép`f lf Afihi.
Shkg qugb dfr g cgehïg quh cfbfquhifs nfs fierfs nf lhcfrrhr lg nfssg
hvfbuïãf, hbg cfnshrvg phrignhnthihnth g `igohi lf càu quh s`iefb`zg
s `iefb`zg
hnqugntf pgrt`c`pgïãf nf Gbhpa , cukf `lhforgig pr`i`t`vf à uig
cgehïg lh gn`igb cfi ca`drhs.
Tfbtgrh` g dgbgr l`ssf.

Wugnlf f Afihi cfbfcg nfs fierfs g sug ûbt`ig cgehïg, cfbfcgnlf nf

iunlf f Ohrih Pfl quh hbh giglurhchu, hbh v`vh hssh
hss h hstrgnoubgihntf
pgrg vfbtgr gf ]g` , Hbfa`i.

Bhierhif-nfs lh quh gs trës pr`ih`rgs Shpa`rfta, Jhtahr-Cafjaiga-

E`nga, dfrignlf f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr lg Çrvfrh, hiefrg sgélgs lf G`n, g
Orgnlh \rhvg l`v`ng, g`nlg sh rhdhrhi í trgnschnlënc`g l`v`ng.
Hbgs sãf cagiglgs g "Orgnlh Dgch" h só sh rhvhbgi ng @ignënc`g l`v`ng
vhbgnlf-sh, lhslfergnlf-sh ngs shth futrgs Shpa`rfta, cagiglgs
"Shpa`rfta lg Cfnstruïãf" fu "]hquhng Dgch".
]grg gkulgr, pflhrégifs `igo`ngr quh hntrh g Orgnlh h g ]hquhng Dgch
l`v`ngs sh s`tug uig hspàc`h lh pr`sig, gtrgvàs lf qugb g \r`-Xn`lglh
L`v`ng Sh lhshnvfbvh, lh gcfrlf cfi ui r`tif sàptupbf, ng `nd`n`tulh lh
 Sugs pfss`e`b`lglhs cr`glfrgs.
Gs shth cfrhs, fs shth sfns, fs shth l`gs quh hstruturgi nfssf iunlf
v`sévhb shr`gi gs higngïøhs lhssh pr`sig.

Hssh pr`sig, quh shrv`r`g lh pfntf lh b`ogïãf hntrh f ]hnsgihntf L`v`nf h

Sug sàptupbg hxhcuïãf, pgrhch-nfs cfnthr hntãf f Xi h f Sàptupbf, h
lhd`n`r-sh hbh própr`f cfif ui h sàptupbf.
G b`rg lh shth cfrlgs quh v`ifs Gpfbf hntrhogr g Frdhu s`iefb`zgvg
 kustgihnth f lfi lf Lhus-Thref `ncfonfscévhb dgzhnlf-Sh rhcfnahchr lh
gcfrlf cfi shth iflfs v`ergtór`fs quh sãf, g`nlg,
g `nlg, fs shth càus trgl`c`fng`s
hNgs
quhshth
gs nfssgs shth
vàrthergs vàrthergs
chrv`cg`s, chrv`cg`s
gpó`g-sh s`iefb`zgi.
g obånlubg t`ró`lh.
Lf orhof turf`lfs, "quh thi g dfrig lh uig pfrtg", g t`ró`lh pgrhch shrs hr g
pfrtg lf XI gf sàptupbf h g lh vfbtg lf sàptupbf gf XI.
Cur`fsgihnth, hssg obånlubg shcrhtg f `flf (hu hnthnlf; f Pfl ...).
Hbg à cagiglg "pfif-lh-glãf": à f punaf lg Hspglg, f Pfl, f T Thref.
href.
Gngtfi`cgihnth, à g egsh lg bénoug, séiefbf
s éiefbf lf Bfofs, f Thref.
D`s`fbfo`cgihnth, thi uig gïãf l`rhtg sferh g dunïãf
d unïãf lh crhsc`ihntf.
Df` g Glãf, hnqugntf  hi ohrih nf shorhlf lf Pfl, quh Hbfa`i
frlhnfu quh crhschssh; "Crhsch`, iubt`pb`cg`, hncah` g \hrrg."
\ hrrg."

S`iefb`cgihnth, hbh fcupg f buogr lg shpa`rga Lggta.

Nãf hxprhssf nf cfrpus lgs lhz Shpa`rfta, Lggta  “ f Cfnahc`ihntf
“ hspàc`h lh làc`ig pr`ih`rg shpa`rga, hstç s`tuglf, phbg \rgl`ïãf, nf
trgkhtf quh b`og g "]frtg lfs lhushs"
lhus hs" g Jhtahr.
Hbg à f ohrih h f drutf lg Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Gquhbh quh sh tfig hssh drutf, h quh f cfbah, tfrng-sh Thref h gerh f
"cgi`naf lg Çrvfrh lg v`lg", ougrlglf, lhpf`s lf lrgig lg quhlg, phbg
Hspglg h phbfs Wuhrue`ns.
F cfrpf `nscrhvh, pf`s, gqu`, "hi gbturg", gqu`bf quh sh pgssg ngs
prfdunlhzgs lfs @ndhrnfs.
Shth càus sh gerhi l`gnth lf Afihi, cfif c fif tgntgs cgi`naglgs quh hbh à
cfnv`lglf g trgnspfr gnths lg sueb`ih un`ãf.
Hsshs shth càus sãf lhscr`tfs ng trgl`ïãf aherg`cg sfe f nfih lh
Ahjagbfta, fs ]gbçc`fs.
F "Afihi lf gbtf", Hbfa`i, hnvfbvh-sh nhsshs Ahjagbfta cfif nui
igntf.
Cglg ui lhsshs hnvfbtór`fs, cglg ui lhsshs pgbçc`fs, dfrig fs lhorgus lh
uig hscglg cukg dfrig ubtrgpgssg tflg `igo`ngïãf auigng, igs quh,
s`iefb`cgihnth, à hxpb`cglg phbf nfssf "eubef".
Efbefs, hi orhof, s`on`d`cg "chefbg"; cfif uig chefbg quh hnrfbg gf rhlfr
lf shu chntrf sugs vhsths suchss`vgs, sãf gss`i fs shth càus hnrfbgnlf-sh
gf rhlfr lg Buz l`v`ng, cukg `nthns`lglh trgnsi`thi a`hrgrqu`cgihnth,
vhbgnlf-g gtà g "]frtg lfs lhushs".
Nf shu cgi`naf lh vfbtg, pgssgnlf phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs", f Afihi
gtrgvhssg hsshs pgbçc`fs, nf `nthr`fr lfs qug`s à rhcfehrtf lh vhsths
suchss`vgs, séiefbfs lfs l`v`nfs igntfs lh buz, vhsths quh f dgzhi,
prforhss`vgihnth, thr gchssf gf hspbhnlfr lfs hspbhnlfrhs; hbh püs nf
iunlf g cr`gnïg l`v`ng h pgssg lg l`ihnsãf lh iãh í lh hspfsg.
G v`rohi h iãh tfrng-sh hspfsg h rg`nag.
G ûbt`ig vhsth à g vhsth nupc`gb.
Thsth rhgb, hbg frngihntg g hspfsg quh hntãf à `ntrfluz`lg nf qugrtf lf
 Uh`, Jhtahr.
Hsshs pgbçc`fs cfrrhspfnlhi ís nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs gnoàb`cgs.

L`fnés`f, f Grhfpgo`tg, df` quhi nfs lh`xfu f trgtglf ig`s cfipbhtf g

rhsph`tf lg Gnohbfbfo`g.
Shkg quhi dfr f phrsfngohi hscfnl`lf sfe f nfih lf Grhfpgo`tg quh, pfr
cfnvhnïãf, cagigifs lh "]shulf-L`fnés`f", f gutfr lgs A`hrgrqu`gs
chbhsths pgrhch thr phnhtrglf f i`stàr`f h të-bf v`v`lf gnths lh thr thntglf
lhscrhvë-bf.
N`ssf
Hbh nfsrhs`lh sug
rhvhbg vhrlglh`rg
quh guthnt`c`lglh.
hsshs hxàrc`tfs c hbhsths “ Hnhro`gs l`v`ngs cr`glgs “ 
chbhsths
trgnsi`thi g Buz l`v`ng pfr orgus suchss`vfs: cglg orgu à hstruturglf,
frlhnglf, `bui`nglf, un`d`cglf pfr uig lgs a`hrgrqu`gs.
Hssgs nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs gnoàb`cgs cfnst`tuhi trës tréglhs.
Xig pr`ih`rg "tréglh" chrcg f \rfnf
\ rfnf chbhsth: hbg à cfipfstg lfs Shrgd`ns,
lfs Wuhrue`ns h lfs \rfnfs h pgrt`c`pg lg trgnschnlënc`g l`v`ng.
Cfrrhspfnlh gf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr lg Çrvfrh.
G shounlg tréglh cfiprhhnlh gs T`rtulhs, gs Lfi`ngïøhs h gs ]fthstglhs.
Hbg rhcheh g buz lg pr`ih`rg tréglh h cfrrhspfnlh gf pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf
`nvhrt`lf.
Hbg frlhng fs iunlfs h fs rhvhsth lh ehbhzg.
G thrch`rg tréglh cfiprhhnlh fs ]r`nc`pglfs, fs Grcgnkfs h fs Gnkfs.
Hssg tréglh à f gohnth lg hcfnfi`g
hc fnfi`g l`v`ng cfi rhbgïãf gf Afihi, quh hbg
ou`g, cfignlg
Hbg trgegbag lh hgcfrlf
cukf lhst`nf dfrkg.
cfi g bh` lfs nûihrfs h cfrrhspfnlh gf shounlf
tr`ånoubf `nvhrt`lf.
H L`fnés`f pflhr`g l`zhr lgs a`hrgrqu`gs chbhsths f quh l`z lg a`hrgrqu`g
hcbhs`çst`cg, quh à f shu rhdbhxf; "Sg`eg quh nfssg a`hrgrqu`g cfiun`cg
uig c`ënc`g, uig `nsp`rgïãf h uig phrdh`ïãf cukg ngturhzg, pr`ncép`fs h
rhsubtglfs sãf vhrlglh`rgihnth l`v`nfs."
]hbfs iunlfs gnoàb`cfs, g Buz l`v`ng sg`
sg ` lh shu shorhlf h sh
s h hspgbag nuig
orgnlh agrifn`g lh sfns, lh cfrhs, lh phrduihs h lh tulf f quh g Cr`gïãf
pflh hxphr`ihntgr pgrg v`vhr, h lhpf`s vfbtg pgrg f shu shorhlf,
hnr`quhc`lg pfr hssg Cr`gïãf kç lh s` phrdh`tgihnth
phrdh `tgihnth r`cg...
F Afihi quh sgeh hntrgr ng hxgt`lãf lhssgs v`ergïøhs l`v`ngs h sgeh
lh`xgr-sh bhvgr, nhssh ifv`ihntf lh rhtfrnf, gf sh`f lf Shorhlf, hssh
afihi lhvh cfnahchr f "rhtfrnf" ng hxphr`ënc`g lf rhvhst`ihntf lfs nfvh
hstglfs lh cfrpfrh`lglh gnoàb`cg.
Nfssf cfrpf `nscrhvh ng sug ig`s cfncrhtg rhgb`lglh f pr`ncép`f lhssh
rhtfif.
À lh dgtf nf névhb lf eubef rgqu`l`gnf
rgqu `l`gnf quh sh pgssg f cruzgihntf
c ruzgihntf lgs
d`ergs quh, ngsc`lgs, pfr ui bglf, lf càrherf l`rh`tf, sh l`r`ohi hntãf pgrg
g pgrth hsquhrlg lf cfrpf h, ngsc`lgs,
ngsc `lgs, pfr futrf bglf, lf càrherf hsquhrlf,
sh l`r`ohi pgrg g pgrth l`rh`tg lf cfrpf.
Ig`s sut`bihnth, nf pbgnf hnhroàt`cf, trës orgnlhs ihr`l`gnfs sh cruzgi
nhssh ihsif hstço`f.
Hssg pgssgohi lg l`rh`tg pgrg g hsquhrlg, h v`ch-vhrsg, cfrrhspfnlh
tgieài í lf càu pfsthr`fr gf càu gnthr`fr,
g nthr`fr, lh quh dgbh` gnths.
Igs f càu gnthr`fr gss`i rhcfehrtf, quh gnths
gn ths lg quhlg hstgvg cah`f lf
nãf-rhgb`zglf, hncfntrg-sh gofrg tftgbihnth rhgb`zglf.
Hbh hrg f Fc`lhnth lf Àlhn: afkh à f Fr`hnth.
 Fs Wuhrue`ns h fs Shrgd`ns hncfntrglfs ngs prfdunlhzgs lfs @ndhrnfs sãf
cfnahc`lfs ng buz; hbhs gerhi gs pfrtgs lf cgi`naf lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg,
Jhtahr, cgi`naf lf G`n Sfpa... Nglg.

F c`cbf b`tûro`cf cr`stãf chbherg cglg uig lgs nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs lurgnth fs
nfvh l`gs quh shpgrgi g Gschnsãf lf ]hnthcfsths, thipf quh,
s`iefb`cgihnth, igrcg fs nfvh orgus quh f D`baf lf Afihi gtrgvhssg nf
shu rhtfif gf ]g`,  nf shu rhtfif g Hbfa`i.
"Nãf tfquhs hi i`i, pf`s Hu g`nlg nãf sue` gf ]g`" (Kf, QQ;7?), l`z f
Uhssusc`tglf quh gpgrhch pgrg Igr`g.
Gnths lg Sug ifrth, Cr`stf kç agv`g dgbglf nhssh shnt`lf, igs Shus
l`scépubfs nãf cfiprhhnl`gi; "Sgé lf ]g` h v`i gf iunlf: futrg vhz, lh`xf
f iunlf h vfbtf pgrg f ]g`... G vós cfnvài quh hu vç, pfrquh, sh hu nãf
dfr, nãf v`rç g vós f ]grçcb`tf: igs, sh hu dfr, hu vf-bf hnv`grh`  .
’
’   
   

(Kf, QT@; 51 h ?)

F ]hnthcfsths, hdusãf lf Hspér`tf Sgntf sferh fs Gpóstfbfs, à gs pr`iéc`gs

lg Sug hdusãf nf iunlf.
F Hspér`tf Sgntf `ntrfluz í hxphr`ënc`g lf Xn`vhrsgb, hxphr`ënc`g sferh g
qugb nfs lheruïgrhifs gofrg gf hstulgr f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr fu "cgipf lh
c`nçer`f" crgn`gnf, quh cfntài f shu shorhlf.
 Cfnt`nug

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 74

F fuv`lf h g bénoug
G Gul`ïãf h f Thref
G Ferg hi Thrihbaf 

Sh, ng trgl`ïãf
gtrgvhssg aherg`cg,h frhvhsth
shth pgbçc`fs Afihi quhlh
g buz drgnquh`g g "]frtg lfs
nfvh a`hrgrqu`gs lhushs"cfi
gnoàb`cgs,
Lgnth hbh thi gchssf g lhz hsdhrgs chbhsths suchss`vgihnth.
Nhssh ûbt`if cfnthxtf pgrgl`ségcf, cglg uig lgs hsdhrgs à f cfrpf lh ui
pbgnhtg, h hncfntrgifs, ng nuihrgïãf quh Lgnth nfs dfrnhch, g
cfnstruïãf trgl`c`fngb lf nfssf s`sthig sfbgr, í `igohi lg Çrvfrh lgs lhz
shpa`rfta.
Bhierhifs quh hsdhrgs h shpa`rfta sãf g ihsig pgbgvrg.
Lf sh`f lg pr`ih`rg hsdhrg, Igbjauta, g \hrrg, f Afihi thi gchssf í
shounlg, g Bug (Phsfl): lhpf`s í thrch`rg, Ihrcûr`f (Afl): í qugrtg, Tënus
(Nhtsga): í qu`ntg, f Sfb (\`pahrhta): í shxtg, Igrth
I grth (L`n): í sàt`ig,
Kûp`thr (Ahshl): í f`tgvg, Sgturnf (E`nga): hnd`i, í nfng hsdhrg, g lgs
hstrhbgs.
Nf sh`f lg nfng hsdhrg, hbh vë g Hssënc`g L`v`ng ign`dhstglg nfs cfrfs
gnoàb`cfs.
]hnhtrgnlf ng làc`ig hsdhrg, hbh à `ntrfluz`lf nf "Hipérhf", `lhnt`d`cglf
gqu` cfi f G`n Sfpa.
Hsth à f ûbt`if ngsc`ihntf lf Afihi-lhus, g gehrturg lf ûbt`if cagjrg, f
cagjrg cfrfngb (g Cfrfg hi Jhtahr).

À nftçvhb cfnstgtgr nhssg hxphr`ënc`g chbhsth quh Sgturnf,

Sg turnf, b`oglf g
Igbjauta ng pgrt`lg lf Afihi, cfif v`ifs, gt`no`u gofrg f tr`ånoubf
suphr`fr; fs pàs hncfntrgrgi g cgehïg.
G cfrfg hi Jhtahr rhûnh gs lugs phquhngs cfrfgs sgturn`ngs lfs kfhbafs.
F cauief tfrnfu-sh furf.
Igs, gnths lh v`vhr hssg "cfrfg ung", f Afihi pøh sferh fs fierfs gs
suchss`vgs cgehïgs quh hstulgifs, pgrt`cubgrihnth ng a`stór`g lh Kfe, h
 quh s`iefb`zgi, tflgs, gs l`dhrhnths htgpgs lh uig ûn`cg dunïãf, g lg
hbgefrgïãf lf shr ng sug l`ihnsãf un`vhrsgb h l`v`ng.

 
F cgipf lh c`nçer`f crgn`gnf, quh à f tr`ånoubf suphr`fr, g pgrt`r lg
`ndånc`g lf Afihi, à séiefbf lf Càu hi rhbgïãf gfs lf`s futrfs
tr`ånoubfs, ui lfs qug`s, hieg`xf, à séiefbf lg \hrrg h f futrf, nf névhb
lf tórgx, à f lf Afihi quh sh hncfntrg g s` ihsif nfs pbgnfs suchss`vfs
lh cfiun`cgïãf.
Nf lhshnaf lf \hipbf quh f Afihi à, g ngvh, pgrg g qugb sh sfeh lhpf`s
lg pur`d`cgïãf phbg çoug, à f quglr`bfnof nf qugb sh v`vh g hncgrngïãf h f
egt`sif lh dfof lf hstço`f tfrçc`cf.
F cfrf, hi quh sh rhprhshntgi fs i`stàr`fs, cfrrhspfnlh í cgehïg.
Fs i`stàr`fs tëi, gss`i, gs sugs htgpgs.
Susphnlhr f vàu sferh g ûbt`ig htgpg à rhun`r, nui hnbgïgihntf `nl`zévhb
nf Afihi, f Càu h g \hrrg.
Lhslh f ngsc`ihntf lg cr`gnïg, g dfrig fvó`lh lg cgehïg, f lhshnaf
thigt`zglf lf rfstf h gs dunïøhs crgn`gngs sãf ui ûn`cf prfkhtf lftglf lh
ui l`ngi`sif pfthnth pgrg hssh hnbgïgihntf.
F rfstf rhûnh, hnchrrg nui pbgnf suphr`fr, lh`xg trgnspgrhchr lh ui iflf
ig`fr tulf f quh f cfrpf kç rhvhbfu lhbh gtà gqu`; fs fuv`lfs sãf
afióbfofs lg shpa`rga Igbjauta: cfrrhspfnlhi iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth gfs
pàs.
F ånoubf quh f igx`bgr `ndhr`fr lhshnag ng kunïãf lfs shus lf`s h`xfs, ui
vhrt`cgb, f futrf afr`zfntgb, cfrrhspfnlh gf kfhbaf: shu h`xf vhrt`cgb
cfrrhspfnlh í phrng h f afr`zfntgb, í cfxg.
Hssh ûbt`if h`xf gerh-sh sferh g efcg
efc g quh, pfr sug vhz, cfrrhspfnlh í
 shpa`rga Phsfl , (bhierhifs; f "shorhlf lf Pfl").
F ngr`z à f gtgbaf lf ih`f lhssh hstço`f: cfrrhspfnlh í cfbung vhrthergb.
Gs dgchs rhphthi fs pubiøhs nhssh pbgnf.
Fs fbafs sãf afióbfofs lf cfrgïãf h lgs iãfs.

Gs grcglgs suprgc`b`grhs cfrrhspfnlhi gfs fierfs.

Igs, ng rg`z lf ngr`z, hntrh fs lf`s fbafs, "f fbaf quh thi g v`sãf tr`ng",
hstç f afióbfof lh \`pahrhta hnqugntf cfrgïãf-chntrf.
F crån`f `nth`rf à cfif g cgehïg lg cgehïg... lh quh g drfnth à uig nfvg
egc`g: fs cgehbfs sãf fs r`ns lhssh hstço`f h gs nfssgs rgézhs chbhsths.

F lhshnaf lf rfstf ifstrg tgieài f cgsgihntf

cgs gihntf lgs lugs pfbgr`lglhs,
dhi`n`ng h igscub`ng.
Sh f hsquglr`nagifs, g pgrth `ndhr`fr lf rfstf à dhi`n`ng h bhierg fs
óroãfs ohn`tg`s lg iubahr; gs trfipgs lh Hustçqu`f b`ogi
b` ogi cglg frhbag í
efcg cfif, nf névhb ohn`tgb, gs trfipgs lh Dgbóp`f b`ogi cglg fvçr`f gf
ûthrf.

G pgrth suphr`fr lf rfstf bhierg fs óroãfs ohn`tg`s lf afihi; f ngr`z

cfrrhspfnlh gf pën`s h fs lf`s fbafs gfs thstécubfs.

Fvçr`fs h thstécubfs lhshnvfbvhrgi-sh kuntf lfs r`ns, shus `riãfs oëihfs,

quh cfnt`nugi g l`str`eu`r-bahs g dfrïg prfcr`glfrg.
 Bhiergif-nfs
nf afihi cfiflhngquh, lh dgtf,
iubahr, nf névhb phbv`gnf,
à `nl`dhrhnc`glf f ebfcf urfohn`tgb,
ngs pr`ih`rgs shigngs lg tgntf
v`lg
dhtgb.
F ihsif fcfrrh cfi f ebfcf gul`fvfcgb, shu
s hu afióbfof.

À gphngs ng qu`ntg shigng lh v`lg `n uthrf quh

uthrf quh gs lugs dunïøhs, gul`t`vgs
h dfngtór`gs, sh l`dhrhnc`gi, cfif, nf ihsif
ihs if ifihntf, g çrvfrh ur`nçr`g
sh l`st`nouh lgs hstruturgs h lgs dunïøhs ohn`tg`s.

7.F Fuv`lf
Hxpr`i`nlf ui ihsif gsphctf s`ieób`cf quh fs pàs h fs r`ns, gs frhbags
tëi
Cfifg hbhs,
dfrigrhcgp`tubgi
lh ui ohrih.
f cfrpf tflf.
Df` í buz l`ssf quh ngschu
ngsc hu g gur`cubfthrgp`g.
Hssg tàcn`cg iàl`cg, quh fehlhch gf iàtflf trgl`c`fngb lg gcupunturg, dgz
cfnvhro`r nf névhb lg frhbag gphngs fs bfcg`s lgs p`cglgs lhst`nglgs g
v`v`d`cgr hstg fu gquhbg pgrth lf cfrpf.
]f`s, shounlf f trgïglf lgs cfrrhspfnlënc`gs agriün`cgs quh b`ogi g
frhbag gf cfnkuntf lf cfrpf, lhthri`nglg pgrth lg frhbag, p`cglg, dgz
v`ergr lhthri`nglg pgrth lf cfrpf í qugb hbg hstç b`oglg.
Shounlf f gutfr, hssh iàtflf thrgpëut`cf à usglf, hip`r`cgihnth tgbvhz,
igs rhgbihnth, lhslh fs thipfs ig`s gnt`ofs; "Nf Ho`tf, sfe f lfién`f
lfs Dgrgós, gs iubahrhs p`cgvgi g frhbag pgrg b`i`tgr f nûihrf lh
hnorgv`lgihntfs: fs c`tgs, pfr sug vhz, ut`b`zgvgi g cguthr`zgïãf lf
 pgv`baãf gur`cubgr nf cgsf lh `ipftënc`g, h Tgbsgbvg usgvg f ihsif
 prfchssf
drgnchshs,pgrg gcgbigr
h nãf g lfr lhg`nlg
lfs ihnfrhs,
i hnfrhs, lhnth.quh`igvgi
Nf sàcubf pgssglf, iu`tfs
g rg`z lf aàb`x iàl`cfs
pgrg curgr
g nhvrgbo`g c`çt`cg."

G gcupunturg kgpfnhsg hstgehbhch hssg ihsig cfrrhspfnlënc`g

c frrhspfnlënc`g hntrh fs
pàs h f cfrpf.
Egshgnlf-sh nf ihsif pr`ncép`f quh gquhbh quh prhs`lh g gur`cubfthrgp`g,
hssg tàcn`cg thi cfif supfrth f pà hnqugntf ohrih.
Lg ihsig dfrig quh fs pàs "fuvhi" g thrrg pgrg lhbg d`btrgr d `btrgr gs
`ndfrigïøhs “ hi vçr`fs névh`s “ g d`i lh quh sh cfbfquhi sferh f quh sh
vhr`d`cfu shr sób`lf, h lg ihsig dfrig quh fs r`ns d`btrgi g çoug h f
sgnouh-dfof pgrg l`str`eu`r g hnhro`g hieg`xf h hi c`ig, c `ig, gss`i f fuv`lf
d`btrg f gr, séiefbf lf sfprf l`v`nf.
Gs frhbags, quh rhcgp`tubgi pàs h r`ns nf névhb lf cgipf lh c`nçer`f c `nçer`f
crgn`gnf, tëi cfif vfcgïãf dunlgihntgb gphngs ogrgnt`r g vhrt`cgb`zgïãf
lf Afihi, g d`i lh bhvç-bf
bhvç- bf lg sug iubt`pb`c`lglh nãf-rhgb`zglg, b`oglg í
sug dunïãf dfngtór`g, í sug un`lglh rhgb`zglg, b`oglg í sug dunïãf Thref.
Sh f Thref cr`glfr, f Grcafs lg Cr`gïãf, vhbfu Sug obór`g h Sh lhsvgnhchu
lhsvgnhc hu
nf sh`f lh Cr`gïãf, ngs prfdunlhzgs lg igtàr`g pfr Hbh iflhbglg hi sug
hxp`rgïãf, f Afihi “ f i`crfcfsifs “ hscfnlh hi s` f Thref “ f
i`crftahfs.
F crhsc`ihntf lf Afihi, cfif v`ifs nfs cgpétubfs prhchlhnths, nglg
ig`s à quh hssg dfri`lçvhb dfrïg ohri`nglfrg lf \ahfs, f Pfl, lh vfbtg í
un`lglh l`v`ng hi sug `nsp`rgïãf.
Wuhrf ih rhdhr`r g ui crhsc`ihntf tftgb lh quh, cfnshqòhnthihnth,
c fnshqòhnthihnth, f
lhshnvfbv`ihntf dés`cf à `nshpgrçvhb.
G pr`ih`rg ign`dhstgïãf lhssh \ahfs,
\ ahfs, f Thref, nf ngsc`ihntf lf d`baf, shrç
f or`tf cfi quh hbh gss`ngbg sug hntrglg nf ih`f gàrhf.
 F or`tf lf Afihi, shkg qugb dfr f ifihntf lg v`lg hi quh hbh dfr
prfdhr`lf, shrç shiprh ui rhtfrnf shourf g shu hstglf ig`s grcg`cf, ig`s
próx`if lf Grcafs, ig`s fntfbóo`cf.

\flg g sug v`lg shrç

s hrç uig bhntg hbgefrgïãf lhssh or`tf quh sh trgnsdfrigrç
pr`ih`rf hi b`nougohi, lhpf`s hi cgntf h, hnd`i,
hnd `i, hi s`bënc`f, nf sh`f lf
qugb à gbcgnïglf f Grcafs, f Thref.
Ngsc`lf lf Orgnlh S`bënc`f L`v`nf, f Afihi só pflhrç rhtfigr g hssh
s`bënc`f qugnlf dfr cgpgz lh phrcheë-bf, pf`s f Afihi só dgbg ng ihl`lg
hi quh hscutg.
Só
Sugcrhsch
dgbg à nfs b`i`ths lflgrho`strf
g hxprhssãf hi quhhhscutg.
sug hvfbuïãf hs cutg.
uig vhr`d`cg g futrg.
Giegs sãf dunïãf lg sug gul`ïãf.
]frtgntf, f fuv`lf pgssgrç lg phrchpïãf `ntrgb`qò`l`gng, nf sh`f igthrnf, í
phrchpïãf lf thiévhb S`bënc`f l`v`nf. Gs v`ergïøhs rhche`lgs lurgnth hssg
bhntg hvfbuïãf `rãf iflubgr, hstruturgr f Afihi, cfi g d`ngb`lglh lh
glgptç-bf prforhss`vgihnth g shus nfvfs ngsc`ihntfs.
Nf névhb lg ûbt`ig cgehïg, hssh thrch`rf hstço`f quh gofrg nfs `nthrhssg nf
hsquhig cfrpfrgb, f Afihi, hstruturglf phbf s`bënc`f quh hbh à cgpgz lh
phrchehr, vg` sh tfrngr Thref.
Hbh hxtrg` lh sug ognog cósi`cg f \ahfs.
Igs nós f kubogifs `ncgpgz lh rhchehr, lh fuv`r hssh s`bënc`f, cgsf hbh nãf
thnag phrche`lf gnths tflgs gs v`ergïøhs nhchssçr`gs g hssg ûbt`ig
cfnstruïãf, dunïãf lh tflgs gs quh g prhchlhrgi.
T`ifs g `ipfrtånc`g lf quh df` glqu`r`lf
glqu `r`lf `n uthrf;
uthrf; f quh nãf df` rhche`lf ng
gul`ïãf `ntrgb`qò`l`gng nãf pflhrç ig`s shr rhcuphrglf.
Hxphr`ënc`gs s`on`d`cgt`vgs dfrgi dh`tgs cfi pçssgrfs, cfntg-nfs f lfutfr
\figt`s; "Fvfs lh pçssgrfs cgnfrfs, cafcglfs pfr pçssgrfs nãf-cgnfrfs,
lãf ngsc`ihntf g pçssgrfs nãf-cgnfrfs... "
F lfutfr \figt`s gphrdh`ïffu uig thrgpëut`cg quh cfns`sth hi thntgr
rhcfnst`tu`r hssh ih`f gie`hnth lf vhntrh igthrnf, pgrg bhvgr g cr`gnïg
iulg, igs nãf surlg, g "bhiergr-sh" lg sug v`lg dhtgb.
Dgz-sh cfi quh hbg fuïg g orgvgïãf lg vfz igthrng gtrgvàs lh uig
cgiglg b`qò`l`gng.
Uhcuphrgrç hbg, pfr hssh ih`f, f quh sugs ug iãh nãf bah sfueh lgr hi thipf
ût`b6
Curgs hsphtgcubgrhs sãf lhscr`tgs pfr hssh
hss h hi`nhnth thrgphutg.
Hbgs vëi cfnd`rigr g i`nag chrthzg; g cr`gnïg quh nãf t`vhr rhche`lf ng
v`lg dhtgb gs v`ergïøhs gdht`vgs nhchssçr`gs pgrg g hstruturg lg sug v`lg
pséqu`cg cfnt`nugrç, phbg v`lg gdfrg, g shr ui giputglf pséqu`cf.
H `ssf phrignhchrç vhrlglh`rf hi tflfs fs hstço`fs lg sug hvfbuïãf.
Gtugbihnth, vçr`fs iàtflfs lh ps`cfthrgp`g hstãf chntrglfs ng `ipfrtånc`g
lg hxprhssãf quh sh cfndunlh cfi g cfiun`cgïãf.
Wugntg l`d`cublglh hncfntrg f afihi iflhrnf g hssh rhsph`tf!
Igs, ng vhrlglh, phnsf quh fs prfebhigs rhbgt`vfs í hi`ssãf, hi sug
ig`fr`g, hstãf cfnl`c`fnglfs pfr ui ebfquh`f s`tuglf nf névhb lg
rhchpt`v`lglh.
Shkg pfrquh g "thrrg" nãf df` cubt`vglg, shkg pfrquh nãf df` shihglg, shkg
pfrquh rhchehu shihnths hnvhnhnglgs, hbg nãf pflh hxprhssgr f pfthnc`gb
lh r`quhzg quh cfntài.
Hnqugntf f fuv`lf v`ergvg hi agrifn`g cfi fs sfns lg Ngturhzg, fu cfi
uig iûs`cg cfnstruélg hi agrifn`g cfi gs g s hstruturgs `nthr`frhs lf
 Afihi, hsth nãf sh lhstruég.
F ru`lfsf drhnhs` lgs c`lglhs, g pshulfiûs`cg í egsh lh ruélfs quh
cfrrhspfnlh í lhs`nthorgïãf lf sfi, fs cånt`cfs v`v`lfs nui rho`strf ig`s

puhr`bihnth shnt`ihntgb lf quh guthnt`cgihnth hsp`r`tugb, tflf hssh

cfnkuntf cfncfrrh pgrg dgzhr prfb`dhrgr gs pbgntgs ifrtg`s lh nfssf
nfss f shr.
G igbl`ïãf rhbgt`vg gf sfbf, "quh lh gofrg hi l`gnth prfluz`rç cgrlfs h
hsp`nafs" (On, @@@; 71), rhbgc`fng-sh kustgihnth
kus tgihnth cfi g thrrg lh quh Glãf
df` pbgsiglf (On, @@; ?) h quh g "lhsfehl`ënc`g" lhsth ûbt`if pr`vfu lg
shihnth l`v`ng.
H`s pfr quh g gul`ïãf lf Afihi lhvh tfrngr-sh iu`tf rgp`lgihnth
`nthr`fr.
H`s pfr quh tgieài g prhch chntrgb lf pfvf lh @srghb cfihïg pfr hstgs
pgbgvrgs; "Sahig @srgêb" ("Fuvh, @srghb"): hbh g rhphth cfif ui igntrg.
Frg, hssg pr`ih`rg pgbgvrg  Sahig à cfipfstg phbg rg`z  Sahi, quh
à f "Nfih", f Nfih l`v`nf pfr hxchbënc`g.
G ûbt`ig bhtrg Gy`n  thi f vgbfr lh ?=: shounlf
s hounlf g trgl`ïãf qgeegb`stg, hbg
hxpr`ih g tftgb`lglh lfs ?= nfihs l`v`nfs iûbt`pbfs h XI!
G bhtrg Gy`n , quh s`on`d`cg "dfnth" fu "fbaf", hxpr`ih sferhtulf
s ferhtulf `stf; f
Nfih só pflh shr hnthnl`lf ng "dfnth" lf shr: fu, g`nlg, g gul`ïãf à f
"fbaf" lf NFIH.
Ng gul`ïãf lh cglg ui lh nós pflh shr lhscfehrtf f nfssf Nfih shc shcrhtf,
rhtf,
pgrt`c`pgïãf hi .
Cfif gt`no`-bf6
Tfbthifs í nfïãf lh vhrt`cgb`zgïãf lh quh dgbh` gnths.
Bhiergif-nfs lf pgphb cgp`tgb quh lhshiphnag f dhi`n`nf lh Glãf nf shu
trgegbaf lh vhrt`cgb`zgïãf, nf pfntf hi quh Glãf lhs`ong @sag
@s ag pfr hssg
qugb`lglh quh hbh sgeh shr g ûn`cg quh hbg pflh cfndhr`r-bah; "gquhbg quh
ih lhsths pgrg quh hu ih ignthnag rhtf" (On, @@@; 75).75) .
Ê `nthrhssgnth vhr f fuv`lf, óroãf rhchptfr h dhi`n`nf pfr hxchbënc`g,
b`oglf g hssh thig.
 

À afrg lh nfs lheruïgrifs sferh fs nftçvh`s trgegbafs quh f lfutfr

\figt`s cfnsgorfu g hssh rhsph`tf;
rhsph`tf; "À
 "À pgrg lhshnvfbvhr f fuv`lf quh f
cfrpf sh vhrt`cgb`zg, l`z hbh, h à pgrg tfigr-sh ui fuv`lf tftgb, hspàc`h lh
gnthng í hscutg lg b`nougohi, quh f Afihi sh vë lftglf lh ui s`sthig
nhrvfsf quh cfrrhspfnlh í rhgb`zgïãf lhssg dunïãf."  
Nf vhntrh lg iãh, g cr`gnïg
c r`gnïg nãf pgssg lh ui orgnlh fuv
fuv`lf:
`lf: hbg rhcheh g
`ndfrigïãf
cfif tftgb
fs sfns quhlfbah
iunlf lfslf
cahogi grquàt`pfs nf qugb hstç sueihrsg, gss`i
iunlf igthrnf.
Fuvh, rho`strg, igs g`nlg nãf cfnahch `ssf.
Ng phrsphct`vg quh f lfutfr \figt`s prfpøh, f lhshnvfbv`ihntf
lhsh nvfbv`ihntf lg cr`gnïg
`n uthrf,
uthrf, shou`lf lf shu crhsc`ihntf gf bfnof lg v`lg, fehlhch í `nluïãf
hx`ohnth h shcrhtg lg dunïãf lg dgbg,
dg bg, quh bhvg f Afihi glubtf “ h `ssf à
shr glubtf “ g tfigr-sh, ng igtr`z cósi`cg, hssh orgnlh fuv`lf cgpgz lh
hscutgr g tftgb`lglh lg `ndfrigïãf pgrg tfigr-sh hbg própr`g, tfrngr-sh
Thref-Dgbg.

Gs hxphr`ënc`gs c`hntéd`cgs lf lfutfr \figt`s vëi prfvgr f quh g \rgl`ïãf

nfs gd`rig; lhslh g cfnchpïãf, f Afihi à thigt`zglf phbg sug dunïãf
Thref, pgrt`c`pgïãf ng Dgbg, quh à f shu Nfih, cfif Glãf f à lhslh f
pr`ncép`f lg sug cr`gïãf, pfr .
"\ulf sh pgssg, cfnt`nug f gutfr lh Bg nu`t utàr`nh, cfif sh uig
prhchssãf fdhrhchssh gf fuv`lf f pgphb quh cfns`sth
c fns`sth hi lhshncglhgr g
gipb`gïãf ubthr`fr lf s`sthig nhrvfsf" h, ig`s gl`gnth,
g l`gnth, "gf fuv`lf gtr`eu`-
sh, pf`s, f s`sthig nhrvfsf nf fekht`vf lh pflhr `ntrfluz`r g dunïãf lg dgbg.
 Gf gd`rigr `ssf, f lfutfr \figt`s `nvhrth fs cfnch`tfs cbçss`cfs lg
fntfoënhsh, quh lgvgi, h g`nlg lãf, g prhchssãf gf s`sthig nhrvfsf, f
qugb sh vhr`g gtr`-eu`r hi shou`lg gs dunïøhs shnsfr`g`s.

Ng phrsphct`vg `nvhrt`lg quh f shu gutfr cfbfcg, à hi rhlfr lf bge`r`ntf,

óroãf chntrgb, hnhroàt`cf h pr`ifrl`gb lf fuv`lf `nthrnf, quh tulf sh
frogn`zg.
F shorhlf nf cfrgïãf lf bge`r`ntf lf fuv`lf, hnqugntf dfrïg `nlutfrg lh
crhsc`ihntf h hnqugntf d`ngb`lglh hxgbtgnth, hncfntrg f thig dunlgihntgb
lh vçr`fs i`tfs, gss`i cfif f lg euscg iést`cg un`vhrsgb pgrg g qugb fs
bge`r`ntfs h gs“ignlgbgs
Hssh shorhlf  f NFIH sãf fekhtfs s`ieób`cfs lh ihl`tgïãf.
“ hnrgézg-sh, pf`s, ng pr`ih`rg càbubg hier`fnçr`g,
quh shr`g hntãf prforgiglg pgrg hssh ûn`cf d`i, g dgbg!
F Afihi nãf à shnãf Thref!
Hbh ngsch pgrg tfrngr-sh f shu Nfih, f qugb, hnorgiglf ng d`ng pfntg lf
bge`r`ntf hier`fnçr`f, frogn`zg tulf hi tfrnf lhbh, g pgrt`r lg "nf`th
uthr`ng".
Cr`glf phbf Thref lh Lhus, f Afihi à v`ergïãf shcrhtg quh f iflhbg h
quh f hscubph, iflhbg-f h hscubph-f
hsc ubph-f gtà quh sh tfih Thref!
Cfntg g trgl`ïãf a`nlu quh f shu pr`ifrl`gb GXI hstç hnchrrglf ng cfncag,
Sagnjg, h quh hssg cfncag
c fncag rhphth f hsquhig lf fuv`lf auignf.
Frg, g cócbhg nf sh`f lf fuv`lf `nthrnf, à f  ‑Jfxsfs‐  orhof
 orhof quh s`on`d`cg
"cfncag" fu "cgrgcfb".
Xig cfnsc`ënc`g iu`tf pr`içr`g l`ssf nfs dgz d gz fuv`r f cgntf lf igr nf dunlf
lh ui cgrgcfb...
Hssg ihsig trgl`ïãf a`nlu cagig g Cr`gïãf lh  ‑sarut`‐  quh, quh, b`thrgbihnth,
s`on`d`cg "f quh à fuv`lf".
"Hbg à pr`ifrl`gbihnth hnchrrglg ng cfncag sagnjg quh cfntài f GXI".
G cfncag, nf névhb lf fuv`lf, à, pf`s g cócbhg quh, cfi f bge`r`ntf, dgz pgrth
lf fuv`lf `nthrnf.
À g pgrth ig`s grcg`cg lg nfssg hstruturg.
Ng Énl`g, cfif nf \`ehth, f ifnfssébgef GXI à r`tugbihnth iflubglf
cfif shnlf f sfi pr`ifrl`gb h `iphrhcévhb, f Nfih lf Thref ign`dhstglf.
Hbh à v`erglf hi vçr`fs névh`s lh rhssfnånc`g ng cg`xg crgn`gng, lh tgb sfrth
quh g ûbt`ig v`ergïãf à n`t`lgihnth ngsgb, ife`b`zgnlf, gss`i, f
r`nhncàdgbf, quh à g pgrth ig`s grcg`cg
grcg `cg lf càrherf: vhrhifs quh hbh nutrh
gss`i f lhsphrtgr lf Thref l`v`nf nf Afihi.
Hssg ûbt`ig v`ergïãf hncfntrg gquhbg quh à `nluz`lg phbg bhtrg N: hbg dgz
hntãf quh f sfi GXI sh b`ouh `nt`igihnth gf sfi quh f GIHN aherg`cf
dgz v`ergr.
 Gihn à uig pgbgvrg `ntrgluzévhb, pf`s nãf pflh shr hnchrrglg nui
cfnch`tf.
Cfif tflgs gs pgbgvrgs aherg`cgs, à f shu própr`f cfrpf, quh hstç v`vf gtà
g ig`s d`ng pfntg lf shu hspér`tf, quh gifblg tftgbihnth gquhbh quh f
iflubg cfi g rhgb`lglh lf i`stàr`f l`v`nf.
\gntf GXI cfif GIHN hstãf chntrglfs ng igthrn`lglh, ,  ‑Hi‐ , hi
aherg`cf, quh nfs fer`og g ifrrhr nuig thrrg pgrg rhssusc`tgr
rhssus c`tgr nuig nfvg
thrrg, gtà quh gt`nkgifs g l`ihnsãf lf Thref, g quh hstç b`oglg g bhtrg N
(f Nfun d`ngb lg pgbgvrg , à f lf Bhv`gtã, ûbt`if ph`xh lgs prfdunlhzgs
quh s`iefb`zg g nfssg ûbt`ig iutgïãf. À tgieài f lg pgbgvrg Ehn , f
"D`baf", nfssg ûbt`ig rhgb`lglh).
 Nhssh shnt`lf,
quh f GXI, g bhtrg N lg pgbgvrg
gs hncgrngïøhs GI HN
GIHN
suchss`vgs ís gchntug, g`nlg ig`s
qug`s gs nfssgs prhc`sgihnth
igthrn`lglhs
`nthr`frhs nfs lãf gchssf, gtà gquhbg quh lhthri`ng g gehrturg lf nfssf
nûcbhf, ignt`lf hscfnl`lf nf cfipbhxf cócbhg-bge`r`ntf.

Hssh ûbt`if, hier`fbfo`cgihnth un`d`cglf cfi f r`nhncàdgbf, `ndfrig

lurgnth tflg g v`lg lf Afihi hssghs sg pgrth lf càrherf, quh, cfif vhrhifs,
à f Gbdg h f Üihog lgl g gvhnturg auigng.
Hnqugntf f fuv`lf à gnçbfof g ui cfrpf `nth`rf, hssh thrch`rf hstço`f,
cagiglf "fuv`lf `nthrnf", cfrrhspfnlh í cgehïg h thi cfif dunïãf f
hqu`béer`f h g vhrt`cgb`zgïãf.
Sgehlfr`g
Hqu`béer`f hhvhrt`cgb`zgïãf
`nthb`oënc`g génf
prhs`lhi.
hspgïf hxthrnf sãf séiefbfs lh hqu`béer`f h
vhrt`cgb`zgïãf ngs thrrgs `nthr`frhs, quh hssg pgrth lf fuv`lf ogrgnth
hsshnc`gbihnth.
F fuv`lf iàl`f à cfnst`tuélf lg cg`xg lf téipgnf hi cukf `nthr`fr trës
fss`nafs “ f hstr`ef, g e`ofrng h f igrthbf “ nfs rhihthi gfs
`nstruihntfs lf dhrrh`rf.
F trgegbaf lh rhgb`zgïãf quh sh dgz ng dfrkg, nf shounlf hstço`f lf cfrpf,
cfrrhspfnlh g hssh trgegbaf lh trgnsi`ssãf lfs sfns h lh rhoubgïãf lgs
prhssøhs quh f fuv`lf iàl`f ogrgnth.
F fuv`lf hxthrnf cfiprhhnlh f cfnlutf gul`t`vf h f pgv`baãf.
Cfntrgr`gihnth gf lfs gn`ig`s, f pgv`baãf lf fuv`lf auignf nãf à ióvhb,
igs c`nzhbglf lh ignh`rg `nd`n`tgihnth ig`s cfipbhxg.
F gn`igb, quh sh lhsbfcg hxcbus`vgihnth nf iunlf hxthr`fr h quh nãf thi
futrf ih`f lh lhdhsg shnãf g rgp`lhz lf ohstf,
ohs tf, thi nhchss`lglh lhssh
pflhr o`rgtór`f, quh bah phri`th vgrrhr f hspgïf nui `nstgnth pgrg lhbh
rhchehr gs `ndfrigïøhs.
Nf Afihi, g d`ng cfipbhx`lglh lf pgv`baãf à hscubp`lg phbg `nthb`oënc`g
lhssh ûbt`if, quh hcfnfi`zg f shu ifv`ihntf hxthr`fr h, pfrtgntf, g
`ndfrigïãf quh bah à `nhrhnth, g d`i lh bhvgr gf `nthr`fr lh s` ihsif shu s hu
pflhr lh hscutg.
F Afihi glubtf quh cfihïg g `nthorgr f gn`igb nãf lhvhr`g lhsbfcgr-sh
nf hspgïf hxthr`fr shnãf, hsshnc`gbihnth, hi dunïãf lg hscutg `nthr`fr.
Wugbquhr go`tgïãf lhsgpgrhch hntãf.
F fuv`lf auignf gprhshntg-sh, pf`s, cfif óroãf lh hscutg `nthr`fr
tftgbihnth l`r`o`lf pgrg f cfrgïãf lf bge`r`ntf quh, fuv`lf, lç g cagvh lf
cgi`naf lf NFIH, h lhpf`s g lf ]rópr`f NFIH. Hbh gerh pgrg g
un`vhrsgb`lglh lg Cr`gïãf.
F cfrgïãf só à fuv`lf pfr gquhbh quh, cfif
c fif f gpóstfbf Kfãf "nf l`v`nf
shorhlf", cfbfcg gé f shu fuv`lf.
]f`s f cfrgïãf lf bge`r`ntf à tgieài Cr`stf, f Thref.
Hbh hstç prhshnth hi cglg ui lh nós.
F cfrgïãf lf bge`r`ntf só à fuv`lf pfr gquhbh quh sh s h püs tftgbihnth lh pà,
pfrquh hbh sh lhspfsfu tftgbihnth nf sgntuçr`f lf dhrrh`rf.
Lg ihsig dfrig quh f dhtf, orgnlh fuv`lf nf vhntrh igthrnf, só ngsch
qugnlf f shu sgnouh à tftgbihnth pfrtglfr lf shu sfprf, s fprf, f shu NFIH hi
ohrih, dhtf rhgb`zglf ng igtr`z cósi`cg, f Afihi tfrng-sh hntãf f orgnlh
fuv`lf quh hscutg f shu NFIH: hbh hstç prfntf pgrg ngschr.
]frquh cfnahch f shu Nfih, tfrng-sh Thref.
F cfrgïãf-óroãf, écfnh lf Thref, à cfnst`tuélf ng sug pgrth suphr`fr lh
lugs "gurécubgs" cukg dunïãf sut`b sh gsshihbag í lfs fuv`lfs.
F cfrgïãf egth gphngs pgrg hscutgr.
 Hscutgnlf, hbh vhrç. "Ehi-gvhnturglfs fs purfs lh cfrgïãf pfrquh hbhs
vhrãf g Lhus" (It, T; 1).

]frquh nãf thvh fuv`lfs pgrg fuv`r f gnkf prfnunc`gr f nfih quh qu h hbh
lhvhr`g lgr gf d`baf, [gcgr`gs à pr`vglf lg pgbgvrg lurgnth nfvh ihshs (Bc,
@; 5=).
G trgl`ïãf cr`stã dgbg lg "Hucgr`st`g lg ]gbgvrg"; ]gbgvrg-gb`ihntf, lh quh fs
igntrgs a`nlus cfnst`tuhi g ràpb`cg.
Hssh gb`ihntf à rhche`lf phbfs fuv`lfs: pgbgvrg quh, lh gcfrlf cfi g
ht`ifbfo`g,
]fr sug vhz,hstç b`oglg
g efcg quhí rhcheh
nfïãf lh "gehrturg".
f gb`ihntf dés`cf tgieài à "gehrturg" hi
sug ht`ifbfo`g bgt`ng;  ‑fs‐ ,  ‑fr`s‐ .
"Hpahtg, gerh-th", frlhng Cr`stf gf surlf quh shus l`scépubfs bah bhvgi
pgrg shr curglf (Ic T@@;35-3?)
T@@ ;35-3?) h "`ihl`gtgihnth shus fuv`lfs sh ger`rgi
h sug bénoug sh lhsgtfu".
H Igrcfs, `ns`st`nlf sferh g hstrh`tg b`ogïãf hntrh f fuv`lf h g pgbgvrg,
rhbgtg g gli`rgïãf lfs l`scépubfs lh Khsus, quh l`zhi l'Hbh; "Hbh dgz fs
surlfs fuv`rhi h fs iulfs dgbgrhi."
Hi aherg`cf, g pgbgvrg Fzhn  hvfcg g `là`g lh fehl`ënc`g (pgbgvrg cukg
rg`z s`on`d`cg "gehrturg").
G hnfrih cfndusãf quh sh fphrfu hi nfssg bénoug, lhsb`oglg lh sugs
rgézhs prfdunlgs, `ntrfluz`u uig `lhnt`lglh lh shnt`lf hntrh gs pgbgvrgs
"sueihthr-sh" h "fehlhchr".
Ng rhgb`lglh, g suei`ssãf à shrv`lãf h g fehl`ënc`g à b`ehrtgïãf.
Hssg ihsig pgbgvrg, Fzhn , à cfipfstg lg rg`z [gn , quh s`on`d`cg
"hspàc`h, sfrth".
Sfe hssh s`iefb`sif, f fuv`lf ogrgnth g cfnt`nu`lglh, f crhsc`ihntf lh
uig hspàc`h gb`ihntglg phbf  Gbhpa, g dfrïg l`v`ng cr`glfrg.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f fuv`lf rhcheh “ phbf cfrlãf uie`b`cgb quh gb`ihntg h
vhi sh `ipbgntgr sut`bihnth nf névhb lh shu  ‑trgous‐  “ f ignç chbhsth quh
à f NFIH; "Hu bah lgrh` f ignç hscfnl`lf, h lgr-bah-h` uig phlr`nag
ergncg h sferh hssg phlr`nag hstç `nscr`tf`nscr `tf ui NFIH nfvf, f qugb n`nouài
cfnahch shnãf quhi f rhcheh" (Gp, @@; 7?-71).

F Shpthnçr`f sferh f qugb à cfnstruélf f B`vrf lf Gpfcgb`psh,

Gpfcg b`psh, cfntrgpfnlf
gf Shpthnçr`f lf B`vrf lf Oënhs`s, pgrhch-ih b`oglf í gehrturg lfs shth
pgbçc`fs.
Cglg uig lgs shth cgrtgs lhst`nglgs ís shth @orhkgs thri`ng pfr hstg
`nkunïãf; "Wuh gquhbh quh thi fuv`lfs fuïg f quh f Hspér`tf l`z ís
@orhkgs."
Lhpf`s lh thr hscr`tf g ûbt`ig cgrtg, Kfãf thi g v`sãf lf \rfnf
\ rfnf l`v`nf... 
G `cfnforgd`g cr`stã nãf rhprhshntg nhi Cr`stf nhi fs sgntfs cfi orgnlhs
frhbags.
Hbg só pøh hi lhstgquh f cagjrg
c agjrg fvó`lh lg ogrogntg, lh fnlh sh b`ehrgi gs
hnhro`gs lf Afihi-Thref.
Wuh shkg lf ihu cfnahc`ihntf, só fs phquhnfs phrsfngohns s`tuglfs ng
hxtrhig l`rh`tg lg vhrog lf téipgnf lh Tàzhbgy sãf afihns iun`lfs lh
hnfrihs frhbags; hbhs "fuv`rgi", tfigrgi cfnsc`ënc`g lh quh f shu pà
hstç dhr`lf: h à cfxhgnlf quh gvgnïgi
gvgnï gi ruif í sug vhrt`cgb`zgïãf pgrg g
sug rhgb`zgïãf l`v`ng.
 Ng énl`g, sfe
pr`ih`rf ng trgl`ïãf
g dfrig vhlånt`cg,
lf hbhdgnthàlh
quh hncfntrgifs
bfnogs frhbags: hsshs séiefbfs;
lhpf`s, hi Eulg.
Ognhsag, d`baf lh Sa`vg, thi cgehïg lh hbhdgnth h cfrpf lh afihi.
Hbh v`vh ifntglf nui rgtf.

"Sug dfrïg hsp`r`tugb à s`iefb`zglg phbf tgignaf lg cgehïg, cfi bgrogs

frhbags h sug trfieg, cfnkuntf quh thi g gpgrënc`g lf GXI hscr`tf hi
sçnscr`tf. GXI, cfif sgehifs, à f séiefbf lf `nd`n`tf, lg Uhgb`lglh-
suprhig, sfe g dfrig lh Shu-séiefbf. ]hnhtrglf phbg buz l`v`ng, Ognhsag
nãf thi phsf; hbh à tãf bhvh qugntf f gr. Hbh nãf hsigog f rgtf, gn`igb
sgogz, açe`b h gstutf, quh sgeh
sg eh phnhtrgr nfs buogrhs l`déch`s h iu`tf
hstrh`tfs
çrlufs.’  
h s`iefb`zg g `nthb`oënc`g gptg g phnhtrgr nfs prfebhigs ig`s
Nãf vgbh g phng `ns`st`r, gqu`, ng `cfnforgd`g lh Eulg, `igohi lf Afihi
rhgb`zglf.
Hbh nãf só pfssu` bfnogs frhbags, cfif, nf gbtf lg sug cgehïg, sh ger`u
uig dbfr lh bótus: vfbtgrh` g `ssf.

Sh g trgl`ïãf cr`stã só rhprhshntg gbouns pfucfs afihns cfi bfnogs

frhbags, vhnhrg, hi cfntrgpfs`ïãf, f kuihntf.
F kuihntf hstç b`oglf, ngs ig`s gnt`ogs bhnlgs, í `ifrtgb`lglh lf Afihi,
quh, lh uig dfrig fu lh futrg “ uig phlrg prhc`fsg, uig dbfr, uig
iubahr “, hbh cgrrhog nf shu lfrsf.
Shu lfrsf rhcheh fs rh`s h fs pgpgs, qugnlf hsths tëi uig dunïãf quh sh
b`og í l`ihnsãf lf Glãf hthrnf.
F kuihntf, cfif f lh Egbgãf, vë fs gnkfs h hnthnlh g ssug ug b`nougohi.
Cfi f ef`, prhs`lh f ngsc`ihntf lh Cr`stf.
Hbh cgrrhog f "@ifrtgb" quh Sh tfrng ifrtgb, pr`ih`rgihnth nf Ho`tf, pgrg
hscfnlë-Bf, lhpf`s hi Khrusgbài, ig`s tgrlh, pgrg hxgbtç-Bf.
hxg btç-Bf.
Wugnlf Cr`stf ifntg nui "eurr`cf, g cr`g lh uig kuihntg", h dgz cfi hbh
Sug hntrglg ng c`lglh sgntg nf l`g lh Ugifs, Hbh ifntg f gn`igb "quh " quh thi
fuv`lfs pgrg fuv`r": Hbh rhvhsth, sfe hssh séiefbf, ui lfs gsphctfs lg
nfssg ûbt`ig tûn`cg lh phbh, g quh gofrg lhvh ifrrhr “ Cr`stf hntrg hi
Khrusgbài nhssh l`g pgrg ifrrhr “ g d`i lh gt`no`r g tûn`cg lh buz h cahogr
í v`sãf.
Kç hstulgifs, hi Kfe, quh prhd`ourg Cr`stf, hssg pgssgohi lg gul`ïãf í
v`sãf.
Aç, nf aherg`cf, ui kfof lh pgbgvrgs hntrh "eurr`cf"
" eurr`cf" h "c`lglh", cfndfrih g
sug rg`z ûn`cg  shkg prfnunc`glg  ‑G`r‐  fu
 fu  ‑@r‐ .
F eurr`cf fu g c`lglh sãf f Pfl nf cfrgïãf lf nãf-rhgb`zglf ; só g
gul`ïãf lf NFIH phri`th g phnhtrgïãf lg nfssg ûbt`ig trhvg, nfssg c`lglh
sgntg `nthr`fr, quh sh tfrng, hntãf, c`lglh lh buz.
Só sh pflh v`vhr hssg pgssgohi ng Khrusgbài `nthr`fr: hstg à s`iefb`zglg,
nf névhb lf cfrpf, phbg ûbt`ig igtr`z; f pr`ih`rf tr`ånoubf grquhtép`cf fu
cgipf lh c`nçer`f crgn`gnf.
Nf Oóboftg “ "crån`f", hi aherg`cf “, à quh Cr`stf ifrrh sferh g cruz:
nhssh ihsif buogr hi quh agv`g ui kgrl`i Hbh à shpubtglf: nhssh ihsif
buogr, Hbh rhssusc`tg.
Gnt`ogihnth, f kuihntf, g nfssg ûbt`ig tûn`cg lh phbh hnqugntf gul`ïãf
gnths lh cahogr í v`sãf, hrg chbherglf tflf gnf nuig "dhstg lf kuihntf".
Nhssg fcgs`ãf, f kuihntf hrg chr`ifn`fsgihnth `ntrfluz`lf ng `orhkg h
 bhvglf
quh hbhghscfnlh
pgsshgrsfe
rhvhst`lf lh vhsths
g sug tûn`cg suntufsgs,
lh phbh séiefbfs
(f cfntf, lgcfnahc`lf
egstgnth ctûn`cg lh lgs
fnahc`lf buz
cr`gnïgs, "]hbh lh Gsnf", cfntg g ihsig a`stór`g!).

F kuihntf à bhohnlgr`gihnth s`bhnc`fsf: shu s`bënc`f à `nshpgrçvhb lg sug

gul`ïãf.
Ng Oràc`g, I`lgs, rh` lg Dr`o`g, nãf sfueh rhcfnahchr g suphr`fr`lglh lfs
sfns quh f l`v`nf Gpfbf t`rgvg lg sug cétgrg sferh fs lf shu r`vgb, h rhchehu
gs frhbags lf kuihntf, lgquhbh quh sgeh l`schrn`r fs sfns l`v`nfs.
]r`i`t`vgihnth, f cagpàu lh eurrf hrg lglf gf gbunf quh nãf sge`g
s ge`g fuv`r,
nãf pgrg cgusgr-bah vhrofnag, igs pgrg quh hbh gprhnlhssh g fuv`r.
G trgl`ïãf cr`stã g`nlg cfnshrvgvg v`vg, gtà aç ehi pfucf thipf, f
s`iefb`sif lf cfhbaf h lg bherh.
Gn`ig`s lh bfnogs frhbags, hbhs hndh`tgvgi fs cgrtøhs lh ]çscfg.
Frhbags h fvfs lh ]çscfg kuntgi-sh nui ihsif s`iefb`sif lh
Uhssurrh`ïãf.
Nf ihsif shnt`lf, gs frhbags lf tfurf sãf fdhrhc`lgs gf igtglfr quh
rhgb`zg uig er`bagnth cfrr`lg.
Hbh rhcheh gss`i g rhcfiphnsg pfr hxchbënc`g, hi afihngohi í Orgnlh
Ferg l`v`ng rhgb`zglg.
G tgurfigqu`g ihroubag sugs fr`ohns nui r`tugb sgorglf b`oglf gfs gf s
sgcr`déc`fs sgnorhntfs; f igtglfr, cfi gs "vhsths lh buz", phnhtrg cfi g
sug hspglg f cfrgïãf lf tfurf nhorf.
Hntrh fs chbtgs, lh gcfrlf cfi
c fi f quh cfntgvg rhchnthihnth f hscr`tfr
Dràlàr`c B`fnhb, gs frhbags lfs gn`ig`s sgcr`d`cglfs phbfs
ph bfs lru`lgs hrgi
fdhrhc`lgs g Óoi`fs, lhus lg hbfqòënc`g.
Frhbags h pgbgvrg hstãf g`nlg gqu` `nt`igihnth b`oglgs.
Xi gnt`qòéss`if écfnh lg Ngt`v`lglh rhprhshntg g T`rohi hsthnl`lg hi shu
bh`tf nf dunlf lh uig orutg.
Hbg gcgeg lh lgr í buz f Thref.
\ulf à sfier`f ng orutg, trhvgs lg \hrrg, cfi hxchïãf lg igncag
bui`nfsg hi quh sh hncfntrg g T`rohi, shu bh`tf h, nf chntrf, f Ihn`nf
Lhus.
Hssg igncag bui`nfsg thi f phrd`b lh uig frhbag.
Xi cfrlãf uie`b`cgb, `ougbihnth bui`nfsf, b`og f Thref lh`tglf nf dunlf
lhssg frhbag gf thtf lg cgvhrng, f Càu.
Fuïgifs, gofrg, g a`stór`g lh Hb`gs, f afihi trgnsdfriglf hi Thref-
Hspglg.
c fif v`ifs, à Hb`gau ,
Hb`gs, prfdhtg hi @srghb, cukf nfih aherg`cf, cfif
sfeh "í ifntgnag lh Lhus, Afrhe" (7 Us, Q@Q; 1).
Hbh sh rht`rg g uig cgvhrng h pøh-sh í hscutg.
L`gnth lg pfrtg lg cgvhrng sfprg ui vhntf iu`tf v`fbhntf.
"Lhus nãf hstgvg nf vhntf."
Lhpf`s lf vhntf, afuvh ui trhifr lh thrrg.
"Lhus nãf hstgvg nf trhifr lh thrrg."
Lhpf`s, ui dfof.
"Lhus nãf hstgvg nf dfof."
H, lhpf`s lf dfof, ui "iuriûr`f lfch h bhvh".
"Wugnlf Hb`gs f fuv`u, cfer`u f rfstf cfi
c fi f igntf, sg`u h d`cfu lh pà í
hntrglg lg cgvhrng." 
G pgbgvrg aherg`cg "s`bhnc`f", quh qugb`d`cg gnt`nfi`cgihnth g Tfz l`v`ng, à
 Ligiga , quh cfntài gs pgbgvrgs Ig , g çoug, h Lgi , f
sgnouh.   
Hntrgifs, hntãf, nhssg rhgb`lglh lh quh g Tfz l`v`ng nãf Sh dgz fuv`r nhi
nf vhntf (hbhihntf-gr) nhi nf trhifr lh thrrg (hbhihntf-thrrg) nhi nf

hbhihntf-dfof, igs nf s`bënc`f quh pgrt`c`pg lg çoug h lf sgnouh h,

pfrtgntf, lf Hspér`tf. Z"H aç trës lhbhs hieg`xf quh sãf
sã f ui; g çoug, f
sgnouh h f Hspér`tf" (@ Kó, T; 1).Y
Sh f s`bënc`f rh`ng ngs prfdunlhzgs sueigr`ngs, sh f or`tf lg cr`gnïg igrcg
sug cahoglg í \hrrg, sh f cgntf lfs pçssgrfs dgz v`ergr gs gbturgs, h sh f
Afihi, hi sugs gsp`rgïøhs ig`s hbhvglgs, cgntg, hbh nãf hncfntrg,
tflgv`g, f s`bënc`f sh nãf vfbtgr g shr ohrih.
G frhbag, hnqugntf rhchptçcubf lf Thref l`v`nf, egnag-sh ngs çougs lh ui
nfvf Oënhsh.
Sg`nlf lg cgvhrng-igtr`z, Hb`gs ngsch pgrg uig nfvg l`ihnsãf.
Cr`glf hi Glãf í `igohi l`v`ng,
l`v `ng, hbh gt`noh g shihbagnïg.
G pgbgvrg "s`bënc`f", Ligiga , cgrrhog hi s` sferhtulf g pgbgvrg
Lgiga , quh quhr l`zhr "gsshihbagr-sh g".
Hb`gs phrcfrrhu f cgi`naf quh bhvg lg `igohi í shihbagnïg.
Hbh à Thref, hbh à , hbh à g Hspglg.
Nfthifs quh f nfih lh Hb`gs  nglg ig`s à quh f \htrgorgig ,
ui lh cukfs lf`s Aà () tfrnfu-sh  (Hb), quh quhr l`zhr Lhus!
Hb`gs sue`u gf ifnth Afrhe , pgbgvrg quh s`on`d`cg "hspglg".
Hb`gs sue`u í ifntgnag lg Hspglg, pf`s hbh própr`f sh trgnsdfrifu hi
Hspglg: à hi sug ogrogntg h hi sug efcg quh `rhifs hncfntrç-bg.
Lhslh f pr`ih`rf cgpétubf lf Gpfcgb`psh, Sãf Kfãf nfs cfntg cfif "hbh cg`
ifrtf" l`gnth lg v`sãf lgquhbh "gbouài quh sh gsshihbagvg g ui d`baf lh
Afihi... Sug vfz hrg cfif f ruélf lgs orgnlhs çougs. Hbh shourgvg ng
iãf l`rh`tg shth hstrhbgs. Lh sug efcg sgég uig hspglg goulg, lh lf`s
ouihs, h shu rfstf hrg cfif
cfi f f Sfb qugnlf er`bag cfi tflg g sug
s ug dfrïg"  
(Gp, @;75-5=).
F Nfih L`v`nf, Hspglg lh lf`s ouihs, à g Çrvfrh lf Cfnahc`ihntf.
Fs lf`s ouihs, ]a`pa`fta , hi aherg`cf, sãf lugs "efcgs" fu lf`s
gbhntfs: fs lf`s Aà () lf \htrgorgig sãf gs lugs ign`dhstgïøhs
gnt`nüi`cgs lf Pfl; buz h nãf-buz.
Sh f afihi quh ihlh dfrïgs cfi g hspglg tfifu-sh Buz (Ferg hi
Ergncf) h nãf-Buz
lf`s ouihs, hntãf (Ferg hi Nhorf), gh gnt`nfi`g,
hbh cfiprhhnlhu nãf df` ifrtf
hbh pfr gnhnaui
df` gbài lhss hs
lhsshs
bài lh tflgs gs
cfntrgl`ïøhs.
@lhnt`d`cfu-sh cfi g Hspglg, tfrnfu-sh f shu NFIH, hi phrdh`tg
shihbagnïg cfi Lhus.
Sfihnth cfi hssg cagvh à quh pflhrhifs phnhtrgr fs grcgnfs lhssh
cgpétubf (@ Us, QT@@@), hi quh vhifs f prfdhtg lh @srghb
@s rghb hxthri`ngr "phbg
hspglg" fs dgbsfs prfdhtgs lh Eggb fu, ig`s hxgtgihnth, "lhofbç-bfs".
À nf névhb lg ogrogntg, g "]frtg
" ]frtg lfs lhushs", quh f dg
dgbsf
bsf prfdhtg, gf
lhdrfntgr-sh cfi f NFIH l`v`nf, à gn`qu`bglf.
Hbh nãf sh tfrnfu Hspglg; df` lhofbglf pfr hbg.
Lh dgtf, trgtg-sh ihnfs lg sgnorhntg cgrn`d`c`ng lhscr`tg phbg ngrrgt`vg
dfrigb lf quh, suekgchnthihnth, lf gn`qu`bgihntf sfdr`lf pfr tflf afihi
cukg tûn`cg lh phbh nãf sh tfrnfu tûn`cg lh buz h quh, gf lhdrfntgr-sh ccfifi g
 Buz-Thref,
Hb`gs, gf sh àtrgnsdfrigr
hntãf dubi`nglf pfr hbg.
hi Thref, dubi`ng fs dgbsfs "Threfs" (dgbsfs
prfdhtgs): gf sh tfigr Hspglg, "lhofbg" fs quh prhthnlhi shr Hspglg.

 
Bhifs nf Hvgnohbaf (Bc, QQ@@;8=-87: Kf, QT@@;7=-77) quh, nf ifihntf lg
pr`sãf lh Cr`stf, nf ifnth lgs Fb`vh`rgs, "S`iãf ]hlrf, quh pfssuég uig
hspglg, hipunafu-g, dhr`u f shrvf lf suprhif sgcr`d`cglfr
s gcr`d`cglfr h cfrtfu-bah g
frhbag l`rh`tg. Hssh shrvf cagigvg-sh Igbcf". 
Igbcf". 
G Hspglg lh ]hlrf prhd`ourg f Thref hi quh f Gpóstfbf sh trgnsdfrigrç.
Nf pbgnf ps`cfbóo`cf, hbg cfrrhspfnlh í tgogrhb`ch.
]hlrf g`nlg nãf hstç nf hnthnl`ihntf hsp`r`tugb lg s`tugïãf.
Hbh dgz gqu` f quh tflfs dgzhifs; "cfrtgnlf" pfr kubogihntfs gprhssglfs
nf cgbfr lfs gcfnthc`ihntfs cukf shnt`lf prfdunlf nãf vhifs, dgbgnlf nf
ifihntf fpfrtunf h `nfpfrtunf, igtgnlf phbf Thref.
G gt`tulh hsp`r`tugb `ipb`cg quh hsthkgifs ifrtfs g qugbquhr kubogihntf
pgrg hntrgr nf l`schrn`ihntf lgs fergs lh Lhus.
Hstgs sãf, iu`tgs vhzhs, "hscgnlgbfsgs", hi rhbgïãf gfs nfssfs açe`tfs lh
phnsgr.
G pgbgvrg aherg`cg Ahrhv  (hspglg), quh lhs`ong tgieài f ifnth
Afrhe, cfntài uig dfrïg thrrévhb.
Shu afiün`if lhs`ong uig hnhro`g quh lhstró`, lhvgstg, hxthri`ng.
Sh phriutgrifs gs bhtrgs, lhscfer`rhifs quh g pgbgvrg Ugage  

`ntrfluz uig
à g rg`z lh pfss`e`b`lglh lh b`ehrtgïãf, lh hxpgnsãf, h quh g rg`z Uge  
crhsc`ihntf-iubt`pb`cgïãf.
Nhssh névhb, hncfntrgifs g rg`z lf "crhsch` h iubt`pb`cg`-vfs" lf Oënhs`s
(7;51): g rhsph`tf lf qugb v`ifs" quh sh s h trgtg lh ui crhsc`ihntf h lh
drutfs hsp`r`tug`s.
G pgbgvrg Uge , quh quhr l`zhr iubt`lãf, lhs`ong gnths lh ig`s nglg g
orgnlhzg, f lfién`f, f pr`nc`pglf.
Igr`g Iglgbhng, rhcfnahchnlf f Cr`stf rhssusc`tglf, hxcbgig "Ugee`",
" Ugee`",
Ihstrh, Shnafr!
G pgbgvrg Agefr , cfnshou`lg pfr uig nfvg phriutg lgs trës bhtrgs,
s`on`d`cg "kuntgr, b`ogr" fu, g`nlg, "gi`of".
Gquhbh quh, shi shr gn`qu`bglf cfi g dfrïg lhssgs trës bhtrgs, lhsshs trës
"shrhs v`vfs", shkg qugb dfr g frlhi phbg qugb hbhs sh gprhshntgi, hstç
"b`oglf", rhb`oglf gf L`v`nf.
H Cr`stf l`rç g rhsph`tf lhbhs; "Nãf vfs cagigrh` ig`s shrvfs, igs gi`ofs"
(Kf, QT; 78).
Sh sh phogrhi gs lugs bhtrgs hxtrhigs lg pgbgvrg  , fu shkg,  (Ah`ta)
h  (Eh`ta), hbgs dfrigi uig nfvg pgbgvrg Afe , quh quhr l`zhr
"shcrhtf-hscfnl`lf".
Hbgs pøhi hi lhstgquh g bhtrg Uh`sa , quh quhr l`zhr "cgehïg".
G Hspglg ifstrg-nfs, hntãf, quh cgrrhog, hi shorhlf, "g cgehïg".
G cgehïg à f Pfl lf thtrgorgig-Hspglg.
F quh sh `lhnt`d`cg cfi g Hspglg rhcuphrg g sug vhrlglh`rg cgehïg, g sug
d`b`gïãf l`v`ng.
Hbh à "rhb`oglf".
F lhcgp`tglf (Kfãf Egt`stg) hnxhrtg-sh lh nfvf shu s hu vhrlglh`rf cahdh.
G auign`lglh tfig g hncfntrgr f shu vhrlglh`rf rfstf.
 Bhierhif-nfs lh quh Phsfl  à tgieài f shorhlf l`v`nf.
@srghb, c`rcunc`lglf hi Phsfl, lhu í buz f Thref.
\flf afihi quh sh tfrng Thref rhgb`zg Phsfl, f shorhlf l`v`nf cfnt`lf nf
punaf lg Hspglg.

À nhssh névhb quh hbh cgrrhog shus vhrlglh`rfs drutfs.

Hbhs rfiphi cfif fs drutfs lg rfiã.
À g Ferg hi Thrihbaf. 

5. G Efcg
Ng efcg, g bénoug, `igohi lg Hspglg, s`iefb`zg g Ferg hi Thrihbaf.
Ng trgl`ïãf cr`stã, gs bénougs lh dfof quh lhschi lf Càu nf l`g lh
]hnthcfsths à quh gergsgi fs gpóstfbfs, bhvgnlf-fs g hssg hxphr`ënc`g.
Wuhr sh trgth lhssgs bénougs lh dfof, fu lf cgrrf lh dfof quh `rç grrgncgr
Hb`gs lg \hrrg, fu lg hier`gouhz hsp`r`tugb lh Nfà, g Ferg hi Thrihbaf à
v`v`lg nf dfof, nãf ig`s nf dfof lhstru`lfr, igs nf dfof b`ehrtglfr, lh quh
g cfr vhrihbag à séiefbf.
F ]hnthcfsths (8= l`gs) cr`stãf fu "]çscfg vhrihbag" `nshrh-sh ng dhstg
 kulg`cg lh Sagvfufta (? shigngs 9 <0 l`gs) fu "Dhstg lgs cfbah`tgs".
F tr`of h g chvglg giglurhchrgi h lãf fs shus drutfs.
Hbhs sãf séiefbfs lf drutf lf Afihi, f Thref.
Fs gpóstfbfs rhun`lfs hi Khrusgbài cfi tflgs gs ngïøhs quh, nhssh l`g, bç
`gi pgrg g dhstg, lhpf`s lh thrhi rhche`lf gs bénougs lh dfof, hstãf
hier`goglfs lf Hspér`tf Sgntf.
Dgbgi, hntãf, uig bénoug hnthnl`lg pfr tflfs, uig bénoug quh rhcfer`g
tflgs gs bénougs, g "bénoug ung" quh prhchl`g Egehb, igs cukg un`lglh hrg
hnr`quhc`lg phbg iubt`pb`c`lglh lgs bénougs lgs ngïøhs (ngïøhs quh fs fnzh
gpóstfbfs h Igr`g s`iefb`zgi).
Df` tgieài ng dhstg lh Sagvfufta, chrcg c hrcg lh 75== gnfs gnths, quh Uuta
t`nag hncfntrglf Efgz, f shu Ofàb.
F Ofb à gquhbh quh, cfif v`ifs thi f l`rh`tf lh rhlhnïãf: à f b`ehrtglfr.
Uuta, g ifge`tg, s`iefb`zg gs ngïøhs
ngï øhs hstrgnags gf pfvf aherhu fu, hi
cglg ui lh nós, g pgrth nãf-rhgb`zglg quh nfs à hstrgnag, h, pfrtgntf,
hstrgnag gf Nfih.
]hnhtrgnlf g thnlg lf shu Ogb, nhssh l`g l `g lh Sagvfufta, Uuta lhspfsg
@srghb.
Hbg à gquhbg quh hntrg ng sug rhgb`zgïãf h sh b`ehrtg, ohrgnlf f shu Nfih.
Uuta h Efgz ohrgi Fvhl, quh ohrg Khssà, Khss à, pg` lh Lgv` h gnchstrgb
gnc hstrgb lh Cr`stf.
Cr`stf shrç f Ofhb lg auign`lglh.
G rg`z Ogfb  hi aherg`cf s`on`d`cg "b`ehrtgr".
G b`nougohi ahrçbl`cg l`z quh g cfr vhrihbag à "lh ofbhs".
Ng oér`g lh ]gr`s "efcg" à ouhubh Z"ofhbg"Y.
Cfehrtg lh vhrihbaf, ger`nlf-sh sferh f ûbt`if pgbçc`f, g efcg thi f shu
nfih lf  ‑eucg‐  bgt`nf,
 bgt`nf, cukg ht`ifbfo`g à g ihsig lgs pgbgvrgs drgnchsgs
 ‑efucbh‐  Z"d`vhbg,
 Z"d`vhbg, grofbg"Y h  ‑efucb`hr‐ , Z"hsculf'Y .
F hsculf prfthoh lg Hspglg .
Hrg fr`o`ngbihnth rhprhshntglf phbf cércubf dfriglf pfr uig shrphnth quh
ifrl`g g própr`g cgulg.
Hssg ûbt`ig s`iefb`zg uig tftgb`lglh rhgb`zglg, ui c`cbf "gd`vhbglf".
Hstgnlf cfnst`tuélg g "d`vhbg", g "grofbg",
" grofbg", f Afihi, cukfs pàs hncfntrgrgi
g cgehïg, vg` gprhshntgr-sh l`gnth lg Hspglg, Hs pglg, f shu NFIH, s`iefb`zglf
s `iefb`zglf
phbg bénoug.
 F hsculf quh prfdunlhzgs
lrgoãf lgs f prfthoh l`ssf
quhàougrlg
s `iefb`zglf
s`iefb`zglf
f NFIHphbfs lhnths. phbg sug thrrévhb
à chbherglf
ignléeubg.

H tflfs fs ougrl`øhs lg sfbh`rg ahrlgi lhbh g sug dunïãf lh ifnstrfs

lhvfrglfrhs.
Gquhbh quh lhschrrg gs ignléeubgs lf Bhv`gtã ngs prfdunlhzgs, h quh gerh
g ofhbg lf ifnstrf tfig-sh Thref.
Hnqugntf "ofhbg", g "efcg" à b`ehrtgïãf, cfnqu`stg lg ûbt`ig phbh h lg
ûbt`ig b`ehrlglh, quh à g rhgb`zgïãf lf Thref.
@lhnt`d`cglg cfi f dhi`n`nf, g efcg à @sag, quh shbgvg ngs sugs
prfdunlhzgs “ h gofrg rhvhbg “ f shorhlf lf NFIH: h cfi hbh, Egsgr
, g "cgrnh", tftgbihnth hntrhouh gf shu Hspfsf l`v`nf, Egsfrga
Egsf rga ,
hssg "efg-nfvg", quh g bénoug tfiglg Bfofs cbgig.
Nhssg dhstg lh ]hnthcfsths, , rhtfrng g Hbfa`i.
Nhnaui `ipubsf cgrlégcf, nhnaui r`tif pubifngr suebhvg ig`s g Cr`gïãf.
\ulf à gifr h Dfof.
G "gb`gnïg lh Dfof" “ Er`ta Hsa   “ hstç cfnsuiglg.
\ulf rhtfig gf ]r`ncép`f Ehrhsa`t .

3. G Sgb`vg
G sgb`vg, ng efcg, pgrhch thr orgnlhs v`rtulhs.
Lhshiphnag ui `ipfrtgnth pgphb ng dfrigïãf lf efbf gb`ihntgr h ng sug
gesfrïãf:
lgquhbh quhigs shu`nst`nt`vgihnth
sgeh pflhr pur`d`cglfr h c`cgtr`zgnth
c `cgtr`zgnth
caupgr uig dhr`lgà shi
ehi quh
cfnahc`lf
ui ihntgb
gsshpc`glf phbg cubturg `nthrd`rg.
T`ifs f ohstf lh Ifàb, f "c`rcunc`lglfr",
"c `rcunc`lglfr", qugnlf caupg g dhr`lg lh`xglg
phbf cfrth lf prhpûc`f.
Nãf dgbh` ngquhbh ifihntf lf pgphb quh g sgb`vg sg b`vg lhshiphnag nhssg
fphrgïãf r`tugb.
Chrtgihnth hbg pur`d`cg h c`cgtr`zg g dhr`lg.
Igs d`cf `iprhss`fnglg cfi f dgtf lh quh hbg `nthrvhnag nf ifihntf hi
quh f Ifàb dgz rhehntgr, cfi g obgnlh
o bgnlh lg cr`gnïg, g buz.
Frg, à pgrg lhvfbvhr g buz gf chof
c hof quh Cr`stf "pøh sgb`vg sferh fs shus
fbafs h lhpf`s cfbfcg nhbhs gs Sugs iãfs" (Ic, T@@@; 53).
Nãf nfs hsquhïgifs lh quh chof, @vhr  hi aherg`cf, à g ihsig
pgbgvrg quh "tûn`cg lh phbh", hntãf prfnunc`glg Gfr.
À uig c`rcunc`sãf g quh Cr`stf prgt`cg nfs fbafs lg auign`lglh chog,
auign`lglh quh à "sgb lg thrrg", cagiglg g tfigr-sh "buz".
Nãf thr`g g sgb`vg b`ogïãf cfi
c fi f sgb, hi rhbgïãf í buz6
Nuig Wgeegbg dfnàt`cg quh sh gprfx`ig lg "bénoug-iãh", f shu nfih
"sgb`vg" cfntài f "sgb", lg ihsig dfrig quh "sgbvg", sgbvgïãf, sgbvglfr...
Hi aherg`cf, "cusp`r" “ Pgrfq  “ à g ihsig pgbgvrg quh Phrhq,
"vhrlurg".
H g cfr vhrlh nãf à g lg v`lg, h ihsif lg hthi`lglh6
Hbg à, pfrtgntf, g buz.
Cusp`r nf rfstf “ f quh à vhrofnafsf “ à pun`lf cfi bhprg, lfhnïg lg
phbh.
F cusph vfbtg-sh hi "nãf-buz" cfntrg gquhbh quh hxpubsfu f shu ól`f.
Igs, pgrg gquhbh quh à gifr, g sgb`vg, cfi g dgbg, à buz.
 G sgb`vg à `nl`sphnsçvhb í dgbg.
Hbg hstç `nt`igihnth b`oglg gf lhshkf lh gb`ihntf, gf lhshkf lh "cfihr
Lhus", lh lhspfsgr Lhus.

Cfnt`nug

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 7?

Fs lhnths

Ng efcg, fs lhnths pgrhchi cfrfgr g Hspglg, g ihnfs quh g efcg shkg g

ûbt`ig iurgbag quh f Afihi hncfntrg í hntrglg lf ûbt`if pgbçc`f.
pgbçc `f.
Hssg iurgbag6
Xig "chrcglurg lh d`ngs pàrfbgs" cgntglg phbf pfhtg à uig cfrfg6
Hi d`bg, shrrglfs uns cfntrg fs futrfs pfr trçs lfs bçe`fs, fs lhnths
pgrhchi f ûbt`if ougrl`ãf lf b`i`gr, ifnstrf lh ui bglf lg pfrtg,
rhgb`lglh l`v`ng lf futrf bglf.
Fs i`tfs cfnd`rigi hssg `igohi6
Lugs a`stór`gs lg i`tfbfo`g ahbën`cg lãf gfs lhnths f pgphb lh shihnths.
Lhbhs ohri`ngrç ui hxàrc`tf lh ouhrrh`rfs, quh f ahró` lh cglg uig lgs
a`stór`gs lhvhrç vhnchr nui só l`g; “ ui lhsshs ahró`s à Cglif, dunlglfr
lg c`lglh lh \hegs: “ f futrf à Kgsãf, cukg gvhnturg kç cfnahchifs.
Hi giefs fs cgsfs, fs lhnths prfvëi lf Lrgoãf quh Cglif igtgrg gnths.
Wuhi à f Lrgoãf6
Hssh ifnstrf à, pfr hxchbënc`g, f ougrl`ãf lf \hsfurf.
Hbh thi f cfrpf lf ràpt`b, lftglf lh i`b gnà`s
gn à`s lh erfnzh: lf pçssgrf, thi
gs gsgs dgntçst`cgs, igs sug cgehïg thi f er`baf lfurglf lf ihtgb: sug
efcg à griglg lh uig trépb`ch d`bh`rg lh lhnths: sug bénoug lgrlhkg trës
gou`baøhs ifrlgzhs h v`ergnths: shus fbafs lh dfof o`rgi.
Gn`igb dgeubfsf, hbh ougrlg gf ihsif thipf g \hrrg, f Càu h fs `ndhrnfs.
Crgvgnlf-f nui cgrvgbaf, Çrvfrh vhrlh h séiefbf lg dhcunl`lglh
dhc unl`lglh “ nf
névhb lh sug ogrogntg, "]frtg lfs lhushs" “, à quh Cglif sh tfig
vhnchlfr lf ifnstrf.
"Grrgncg fs lhnths lf Lrgoãf", gcfnshbag
gcfns hbag hntãf ]gbgs Gthng, lhusg
ouhrrh`rg quh ngschu, cfehrtg lh ui hbif lh futrf, lf crån`f lh [hus, "h
pbgntg hsshs lhnths ng thrrg pgrg quh hbhs
h bhs shkgi g shihnth lh ui nfvf
pfvf `bustrh".
Lhsshs orãfs surohi i`bagrhs lh afihns griglfs, nf ih`f lfs qug`s, pfr
frlhi lg lhusg, Cglif bgnïg uig phlrg.
Kubognlf-sh gtgcglfs uns phbfs futrfs, hbhs sh s h igtgi hntrh s`.
C`ncf vgbhnths ahró`s sghi `nlhnhs lg cgrn`d`c`ng.
Hbhs sh tfigi, kuntf cfi Cglif, g phlrg dunlgihntgb lh \hegs.

G cfnstruïãf lh \hegs, frlhnglg phbf frçcubf lh Lhbdfs, gsshihbag-sh í lg

C`lglh Sgntg (g Khrusgbài Chbhsth lfs aherhus).
Nãf nfs hsquhïgifs lh quh f lhbd`i (b`oglf gf frçcubf lh Lhbdfs) ignlg
hxhcutgr gs frlhns lh Nhtunf, h quh Nhtunf, lhus lgs prfdunlhzgs
sueigr`ngs, thi cfif chtrf f "\r`lhnth".
\frngifs g hncfntrgr sfe hssh hiebhig f séiefbf lh Càrehrf, cãf lh trës
cgehïgs quh ougrlg fs `ndhrnfs h cukf cfrpf à f lf Lrgoãf.
Thnchr Càrehrf fu vhnchr f Lrgoãf sãf gïøhs quh, ng vhrlglh, hstãf
b`oglgs nf ihsif névhb lf i`tf; hi giefs fs cgsfs, trgtg-sh lh vhnchr f
`ndhrnf gnths lh phnhtrgr nfs pgbçc`fs h lh cfnstru`r g "C`lglh Sgntg".
 Ifrtf f ifnstrf, ]gbgs Gthng shrvh lh ou`g.
Sgélg lf crån`f lh [hus (nf névhb lf cagjrg cfrfngb), g v`rohi ouhrrh`rg à
g ûn`cg quh cfnahch hssh hstço`f chbhsth; g "C`lglh lh c`ig", lh quh g
"C`lglh lh eg`xf" à g `igohi.

\gntf \hegs qugntf Khrusgbài só tëi hx`stënc`g

hx `stënc`g ng ohforgd`g thrrhstrh
hnqugntf `igohns lg ohforgd`g chbhsth.

À nhssh ifihntf quh fs lhnths lf ifnstrf lhshiphnagi f pgphb

pr`nc`pgb lh "ohrihs" lfs age`tgnths lg c`lglh
c `lglh duturg.
Hsshs age`tgnths sh vhsthi cfif ]gbgs Gthng, griglfs h cfi g cgehïg
prftho`lg pfr ui hbif pgrg ui cfiegth l`v`nf.
Wuh cfiegth à hssh6
À hi tfrnf lg phlrg bgnïglg phbf ahró`, pfr frlhi lg lhusg, quh sh
lhshnrfbg f lrgig; kubognlf-sh gtgcglfs, fs ouhrrh`rfs igtgi-sh uns gfs
futrfs.
Ng vhrlglh, hbhs butgi cfntrg g phlrg.
À hntãf quh g phlrg h fs lhnths rhvhbgi f quh hbhs sãf.
\`vhifs iu`tgs vhzhs g fpfrtun`lglh lh bhiergr f s`iefb`sif
s `iefb`sif lg phlrg;
bhierhif-nfs, nf i`tf orhof, lgs phlrgs bgnïglgs pfr Lhucgb`ãf h ]`rrg
pfr sferh fs fierfs pgrg rhpfvfgr g \hrrg hntãf lhstruélg phbf L`bûv`f.
\rgtgvg-sh, g`nlg gé, lfs ohrihs lh uig rgïg duturg, ngsc`lfs lh ui cgsgb
"sgélf lgs çougs", `stf à, lh ui cgsgb quh hntrgrg hi shu prfchssf lh
hvfbuïãf hsp`r`tugb.
Bgnïglgs pfr c`ig lfs fierfs, gs phlrgs hrgi, ng vhrlglh, prfihssgs lh
drutfs hsp`r`tug`s.
Ng vhrlglh, cglg lhnth lf Lrgoãf vhnc`lf lhshiphnag f pgphb lh uig
phquhng phlrg.
Igs hncfntrgif-nfs gqu` nui hstço`f suphr`fr lf i`tf; f Lrgoãf vhnc`lf,
g lhsc`lg gfs `ndhrnfs h fs lhnths bgnïglfs í thrrg, fnlh lhvhi ohri`ngr h
lgr drutfs, sãf cfif quh cfnd`rigïøhs lf prfchssf lh ifrth h lh
 rhssurrh`ïãf lh tflf shr quh sh tfrng Thref.
Ngsc`lfs griglfs, h cfi ui hbif ng cgehïg, í `igohi lg lhusg “ quh,
pfr shu Thref cr`glfr, pgrhch lhshiphnagr f pgphb lh pg`-iãh “, fs
ouhrrh`rfs, quh sh kubogi gtgcglfs phbg phlrg bgnïglg nf ih`f lhbhs, sãf

pgrg hssg phlrg f quh fs hbh`tfs lg \rgl`ïãf kulhf-cr`stã sãf pgrg g

Hspglg.
Hbhs lhvhi butgr cfi hbg.
C`ncf lhntrh hbhs sferhv`vhi.
C`ncf lhntrh hbhs "rhvhbgi-sh phlrg" h kuntgi-sh g Cglif, pgrg dunlgr g
C`lglh Sgntg.
Nhssh shnt`lf, g Hspglg fu g ]hlrg, `lhnt`d`cglgs cfi f Thref, hncfntrgi
g pbhn`tulh lh sug dfrïg s`ieób`cg ngs Hscr`turgs, fnlh f Gnt`of h f Nfvf
\hstgihntfs hstãf cfndfrihs hi gd`rigr g shu s hu rhsph`tf; "G phlrg rhkh`tglg
phbfs cfnstrutfrhs tfrnfu-sh ]hlrg Gnoubgr" (Sb, CQT@@@;55), hnqugntf f
gpóstfbf Bucgs cfipbhtg, cfi gs própr`gs pgbgvrgs lh Cr`stf; "\flf f quh
cg`r sferh hssg phlrg d`cgrç quhergntglf h gquhbh sferh quhi hbg cg`r shrç
dh`tf hi i`ogbags"  (Bc,
 (Bc, QQ; 7?).
F gpóstfbf ]gubf, pfr sug vhz, tgieài sh rhdhrh í prfdhc`g (@s, QQT@@@; 74)
l`zhnlf; "H`s quh pfnaf hu hi S`ãf uig phlrg lh trfphïf h ui rfcahlf lh
hscånlgbf: h tflf gquhbh quh nhbh crhr nãf shrç cfndunl`lf"  (Ui,
 (Ui, @Q;33).
G phlrg gnoubgr à g phlrg lh dunlgïãf lf \hipbf.
À f shu pr`ncép`f h cfntài f shu gcgegihntf.
F pr`ih`rf h f ûbt`if, hbg à f Gbdg h f Fihog, h giefs sãf gphngs ui.
Hssh à f ift`vf phbf qugb g C`lglh Sgntg nãf pflhrç shr cfnstruélg shnãf
pfr gquhbhs quh, tfignlf-sh phlrg lh dunlgïãf, t`vhrhi butglf cfi g
phlrg gnoubgr.
À nhssh shnt`lf quh S`iãf, ui lfs lfzh, gf cfndhssgr quh Cr`stf hrg f
D`baf lh Lhus, butg cfi g phlrg gnoubgr, g rhsph`tf lg qugb Cr`stf l`z;
"Sferh hbg cfnstru`rh` g i`nag @orhkg" (It, QT@; 7?).
S`iãf tfig-sh, hntãf, ]hlrf, uig lgs lfzh phlrgs lh dunlgïãf lg @orhkg.
Shrç nhchssçr`f, nhstg phrsphct`vg, ihnc`fngr f shounlf i`tf orhof g quh
sh b`ogi fs lhnths lf Lrgoãf;
L rgoãf; f lh Kgsãf usurpgnlf f \fsãf lh Furf6
Sug ngrrgt`vg, nf quh tfcg g hstg pgssgohi s`ieób`cg, cfnst`tu` uig ràpb`cg
lgquhbg quh gcgegifs lh bhiergr igs, nf buogr lg lhusg quh prhs`lh g
sug frlhi, à Ihlh`g, g dh`t`ch`rg, quh ign`pubg gs dfrïgs prhshnths, lh
gcfrlf cfi pflhrhs `ndhrng`s.
Nhnaui lfs ouhrrh`rfs ngsc`lfs lfs lhnths lf lrgoãf sferhv`vh í
cgrn`d`c`ng.
Sgtgnçs bhvgntg-sh cfntrg Sgtgnçs, shu rh`nf sh lhstró` pfr s` ihsif.
F Uh`nf l`v`nf, phbf cfntrçr`f: g C`lglh Sgntg à cfnstruélg g pgrt`r lh
phlrgs quh, lhpf`s lh ihl`rhi dfrïgs cfic fi g phlrg gnoubgr “ Gbdg h Fihog
lg cfnstruïãf “ trgnsdfrigi-sh hi phlrgs lh dunlgïãf.
F Gpóstfbf Kfãf só thri`ng f b`vrf lf Gpfcgb`psh cfi
c fi g v`sãf lg Khrusgbài
Chbhsth lhpf`s quh "Gquhbh quh hstç shntglf nf \rfnf t`vhr l`tf; h`s quh
dgïf nfvgs tflgs gs cf`sgs... Hstç dh`tf, hu sfu f Gbdg h f üihog, f Cfihïf
h f D`i" (Gp, QQ@; 8-4). 
F Gpóstfbf lhscrhvh, hi shou`lg, g C`lglh; "G iurgbag lg Khrusgbài
Chbhsth rhpfusg sferh lfzh dunlgihntfs h, sferh hbhs, fs lfzh nfihs lfs
lfzh gpóstfbfs lf Cfrlh`rf."
Cfrfg quh futrfrg hrg r`tugbihnth trgïglg nf chr`ifn`gb lg dunlgïãf lh
uig c`lglh, shu iurf lh lhdhsg shrv`g ig`s pgrg b`oç-bg gf Càu lf quh
 pgrg lhdhnlë-bg lh shus `n`i`ofs lg \hrrg.
Sugs gih`gs lhntglgs tëi g ihsig fr`ohi lh Whrhn , f "ca`drh" “ quh
tgieài lgrç g cfrfg “ (hi `nobës, cfrnhr-stfnh à tgieài g ]hlrg
Gnoubgr!).

G cfrfg lhntçr`g, iurgbag lg C`lglh Sgntg, chrcg

c hrcg h prfthoh g bénoug, g
hspglg, f Thref.
F s`iefb`sif aherg`cf cfnd`rig f quh gcgeg lh shr l`tf.
F lhnth à g bhtrg Sa`n , quh thi g dfrig lh ui tr`lhnth h cukf vgbfr
nuià-r`cf à 3==.
Sh g lhcfipushrifs, hbg sh hscrhvh  h thifs vgbfr lh 3== + ?== 9
7.=== (cfif ca`drh Whrhn , cukf vgbfr à 7== + 5== + ?== 9 7.===).
Nãf só hncfntrgifs g un`lglh prfdunlg lf I`stàr`f l`v`nf tr`n`tçr`f quh
prhs`lh g cr`gïãf lfs iunlfs, igs sferhtulf v`vhifs, nhssh s`iefb`sif
lf 7.===, g un`lglh rhhncfntrglg, rhcfnqu`stglg, gegrcgnlf g tftgb`lglh
t ftgb`lglh
lfs iunlfs rhgb`zglfs.
G bhtrg Sa`n, hntrh fs aherhus, hstç `nt`igihnth b`oglg gfs trës ]gtr`grcgs
“Gergãf, @sggc h Kgcfe “ phlrgs lh dunlgïãf lh @srghb quh supfrtgi gs
lfzh tr`efs h lh quh ngschrç f Thref.
F lhnth, Sa`n, s`on`d`cg tgieài "pfntg lh rfcahlf".
Nf Ho`tf, g p`råi`lh truncglg hncfntrg sug lhd`n`ïãf.
Hi @srghb, Jhtahr, g Cfrfg, cfbfcfu-sh sferh f cfrfglf.
Jhtahr  thi cfif vgbfr nuiàr`cf 5= +<== +5== 9 45=.
F cfrfglf à gquhbh quh "dhz tgntf f quh hstç
hs tç nf gbtf cfif f quh hstç
hieg`xf, quh rhun`u
Frg, nf Oënhs`s, "f I` h f Ig".
g "hxthnsãf" quh shpgrg f "I`" lf "Ig" (On, @; 4) à
Ugqyg , cukf vgbfr nuiàr`cf à 5== +7== +7= +?= 9 31= h cukg
cfipbhihntgr`lglh à hxgtgihnth Jhtahr “ 45= (45= +31= 9 7.===).
Hncfntrgifs hssh nûihrf 31= nf nfih lh Pàsag, , f Sgbvglfr (7=
+3== +?= 9 31=).
Hssg, "hxthnsãf-Ugqyg" à cagiglg Scagig``n nf làc`if shounlf l`g lg
Oënhsh.
À hxgtgihnth hi tfif lg bhtrg Sa`n quh f I` h f Ig hstãf rhun`lfs.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg s`ieób`cg, f lhnth ng pfntg lf rfcahlf à gf ihsif
thipf g cfrfg h f cfrfglf.
Hbh à f gphrdh`ïfgihntf lg Ferg.
G pfntg lf "rfcahlf" (lh Uh`sa, g cgehïg) à f pfntf ig`s gbtf lg cgehïg,
hi cukf névhb hstulgrhifs ig`s dunlgihntgbihnth f s`iefb`sif lg cfrfg
h f s`on`d`cglf lg gehrturg lf cagjrg cfrfngb
c frfngb (lh fnlh ngschu ]gbgs Gthng).
À `nthrhssgnth, pgrg nós quh hstulgifs f s`iefb`sif lg cgehïg lf cãf,
cfnstgtgr quh fs cgn`nfs fcupgi, hi rhbgïãf cfi fs `nc`s`vfs iàl`fs, ng
cfrfg lhntçr`g, f ihsif buogr quh g cfnsthbgïãf
cfns thbgïãf lf Cãf hi rhbgïãf gf Sfb
nf càu lf sfbstéc`f lh vhrãf, fu quh hsshs phrsfngohns c`nfcàdgbfs hi
rhbgïãf gf Cr`stf obfr`fsf ng Cfrfg lfs hbh`tfs quh cfrrh gf rhlfr lf
téipgnf lg egséb`cg lh Tàzhbgy.
]fr sugs trës rgézhs, fs lhnths lf s`sf nãf sãf, pfr chrtf, hstrgnafs
hs trgnafs nhi í
sgehlfr`g, Afjaiga (quh sh b`og g Jhtahr), nhi gf tr`lhnth.
F tr`lhnth, chtrf lh Nhtunf, lhus lgs çougs suethrrånhgs, hntrh fs orhofs,
h lh Ognhsag, lhus lf `ncfnsc`hnth, hntrh fs a`nlus, à séiefbf lf ûn`cf
pflhr lg \r`-Xn`lglh l`v`ng.
 "Cfrfg lh d`ngs pàrfbgs", fs lhnths sãf, pf`s, tgieài fs "hsculfs"
shrrglfs l`gnth lg Hspglg.
Fs hsculfs só sh gerhi lhpf`s lh thrhi vhr`d`cglf quhi phnhtrg ng sug
l`ihnsãf lh Thref.

]hlrgs lh dunlgïãf, fs lhnths só pflhi shr lg ihsig qugb`lglh quh g

]hlrg Gnoubgr, f Thref.
\ulf sh cfnd`rig.
H, qugnlf g s`ieób`cg fnér`cg nfs trgz `igohns lh lhntglurgs quh cghi fu
lh lhnths hstrgoglfs, à prhc`sf shiprh nfs phrountgr sferh gs nfssgs
hstruturgs prfdunlgs h sferh g qugb`lglh lf nfssf Thref.

Nfssfs hsculfs nãf lhvhr`gi nuncg lh`xgr pgssgr uig pgbgvrg `nkustg.
"Fs pg`s cfihrgi gs uvgs vhrlhs h gs cr`gnïgs t`vhrgi fs -lhnths
hieftglfs."
Fs lhnths, hnqugntf hstruturgs, tëi tgieài gs sugs rgézhs pgrhntg`s.
Nós thifs f lhvhr pgrg cfi fs nfssfs d`bafs lh lç-bfs sgl`fs, f quh hx`oh
g nfssg sgnt`lglh, `stf à, g nfssg rhgb`zgïãf.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 71

F ngr`z h gs dgchs

G sh`vg, quh v`vhu g sug "Ferg hi Nhorf" ngs prfdunlhzgs lg \ \hrrg,

hrrg,
lurgnth f `nvhrnf, t`rfu lhbg gs sugs hssënc`gs,
hss ënc`gs, `nthorfu-gs hi shu própr`f
shr, quh gofrg gs bhvg gtà f gbtf lg çrvfrh.
Bç, sfe f dfof lf Sfb, cafcglgs phbf shu cgbfr, `bui`nglgs pfr shus rg`fs,
gs dbfrhs h, lhpf`s, fs drutfs, `rãf lhsgerfcagr.
À pfr sugs dbfrhs h pfr shus drutfs quh g çrvfrh sh lhd`nh.
Nhssh thrch`rf hstço`f, fs pàs un`rgi-sh í cgehïg
c gehïg h f prfdhtg hxcbgig;
"Cfif sãf ehbfs, sferh gs ifntgnags, fs pàs lgquhbh quh bhvg efgs
nftéc`gs, quh pueb`cg g pgz ..." (@s, B@@; ?).
Fs drutfs sãf g pgz.
"G pgz" à gqu` g ubtrgpgssgohi lgs butgs h lgs cfntrgl`ïøhs, f cfrfgihntf
lg lugb`lglh ng un`lglh rhcfnqu`stglg "sferh g ifntgnag", nf pfntf ig`s
gbtf lf tr`ånoubf suphr`fr.
Sagbfi  hi aherg`cf, "]gz", à g ihsig pgbgvrg quh rhgb`zgïãf.
À tgieài f Sahi , f "NFIH", gt`no`lf ng d`ng d `ng pfntg lf "gou`baãf".
Fs drutfs sãf, pfrtgntf, g ]gbgvrg-Thref, g cukf rhsph`tf gcgegifs lh dgbgr,
h shihnths lh nfvfs drutfs.
Sãf g iubt`pb`cgïãf `nshpgrçvhb lg un`lglh cfnqu`stglg nf guoh lf
crhsc`ihntf.
Fs drutfs sh lhd`nhi pfr shu sgefr; "efns lh cfihr" sãf fs drutfs lf Àlhn
h "efg lh vhr" à g Grvfrh `nth`rg.
Ngsc`lg lh Phsfl, f Dunlgihntf, chntrglg hi \`pahrhta, g Ehbhzg, g
cfbung vhrthergb “ hi sug agrifn`g suphr`fr, f ngr`z “ hxpr`ih f
lhsgerfcagr lg tftgb`lglh lgs hnhro`gs sueb`iglgs nhssh hstço`f;
lhsgerfcagr lf hrfs, quh f Cånt`cf lfs Cånt`cfs
Cå nt`cfs bfuvg n`ssf quh kç
hvfquh`; "Ehbg cfif g Bug (Phsfl), ]urg cfif f Sfb (\`pahrhta)." à g
Saubgi`tg obfr`d`cglg phbf shu Ehi-Giglf (T@; 7=).
"\hu ngr`z, cgntg f pfhtg, à cfif g tfrrh lf Béegnf quh fbag pgrg f bglf lh
Lgigscf." (Ct, T@@;8).
G tfrrh,
ehi cfif g cfbung,
f s`iefb`sif g hscglg
hscvhrthergb.
lg cfbung glg fu, ihbafr g`nlg, g çrvfrh, trgluz iu`tf
Hi aherg`cf, g "tfrrh" “ I`ouhlgb  “ cfntài g rg`z Ihouhl , quh
quhr l`zhr "f ihbafr", f quh à, hstrgnaf h prhc`fsf.
Igs hssg tfrrh à tgntf ig`s prhc`fsg qugnlf sh sgeh quh f Béegnf à ui
pgés ifntgnafsf, càbherh phbg ehbhzg lh sug dbfrhstg.
d bfrhstg.
G tfrrh lf Béegnf hxpr`ih g dhcunl`lglh, fu shkg,
s hkg, g ig`s gbtg rhgb`zgïãf lg
Çrvfrh vhrlh.
G pgbgvrg Bgegn   hi aherg`cf quhr l`zhr "ergncf".
Lhpf`s lg Ferg hi Nhorf, gnths lg Ferg hi Thrihbaf, g Ferg hi Ergncf,
ûbt`ig sueb`igïãf, à hssg hscgbglg quh nãf cfnahchrç ig`s lhsc`lg, gf gbtf
lg tfrrh lf Béegnf.
G drgsh; "Gquhbg quh fbag pgrg fs bglfs lh Lgigscf" (g (gf
f pà lg bhtrg;
 gquhbg quh vë shu rfstf hihro`r pgrg Lgigscf
Lgigs cf ) suohrh quh hx`sth gé
prfdusãf, `nvgsãf, r`quhzg hxchss`vg, suphrgeunlånc`g ng dhcunl`lglh.
Nf ih`f lg dbfrhstg, g tfrrh à f pfntf lh hihroënc`g.
Hbg fbag pgrg Lgigscf.

Lgigscf “ Lgihsahq  hi aherg`cf “ à uig pgbgvrg quh er`bag hi

i`b dgchtgs, cfif ui l`gignth.
Feshrvgrhifs lf`s lh shus gsphctfs hsshnc`g`s; hbg cfntài g pgbgvrg Lgi
, f sgnouh, quh cgrrhog g v`lg.
H, sh suest`tu`rifs gs lugs ûbt`igs bhtrgs,  (3== + 7== 9 <==) phbg bhtrg
\gv
F  (<==)cr`glf
Afihi, thrhifs gs trës lf
í `igohi bhtrgs lg pgbgvrg
L `v`nf,
L`v`nf, hihroh"shihbagnïg"
" shihbagnïg"
gofrg pgrg g (Lgifta).
Shihbagnïg,
qugsh quh g gt`noh...

Hnd`i, hssh ihsif  Lgihsahq cfntài g pgbgvrg  Safqhl, quh

hstulgrhifs ig`s gl`gnth. h quh lhs`ong g "gihnlfh`rg".
Hntrh tflgs gs çrvfrhs, à g gihnlfh`rg quh `rç s`iefb`zgr g "Shihbagnïg"
lf Afihi cfi Lhus, g lh`d`cgïãf lf Afihi.
H g afrg hi quh "g gihnlfh`rg
g ihnlfh`rg dbfrhsch" (Hcb, Q@@; ?) à kustgihnth g afrg
ng qugb f Afihi `norhssg hi sug hthrn`lglh.
G trfcg lgs bhtrgs lh Safqhl  “ g gihnlfh`rg “ lç g pgbgvrg
 Wglfsa, quh quhr l`zhr "sgnt`lglh".
Frg, g sgnt`lglh nglg ig`s à quh g Shihbagnïg.
F nfih
Nãf nfs lh Lgigscf cfntài
hsquhïgifs tflfcgi`naf
quh df` "nf hssh
cgi pflhr
`naf lh hvfcgïãf.
lh Lgigscf" quh f Gpóstfbf
G póstfbf
]gubf "df` grrhegtglf gtà f thrch`rf Càu h quh hbh fuv`u gs pgbgvrgs
`nhdçvh`s quh nãf à phri`t`lf g ui afihi hxprhssgr" (@@ Cfr, Q@@; 7-4). 

Dgbgifs lfs drutfs, lh sug suphrgeunlånc`g, lh shu sgefr, igs quh l`zhr
lg dbfr, lh sug ehbhzg, lh shu phrduih6
Ehbhzg!
G`nlg nfs hncfntrgifs ngs r`quhzgs `nhsoftçvh`s lh \`pahrhta.
Igs, nf névhb lf \r`ånoubf suphr`fr, nãf à gcgsf
g cgsf gf rhlfr lh ui ngr`z ehi
dh`tf quh sh agrifn`zgi fs trgïfs lh ui rfstf6
Nãf à hssg "\frrh lf Béegnf" quh g c`ruro`g hstàt`cg thntg rhcfnstru`r hi
pr`ih`rf buogr nfs cgsfs hi quh f Afihi ohr`u igb g ferg lf Cr`glfr6
Wuh orgnlh rhspfnsge`b`lglh, gb`çs, g lh quhi shs h phri`th tfcgr nui ngr`z!
\rgtg-sh
f lhtfcg,
c`ruro`ãf ui gtf ig`s lhssh
gtrgvàs orgvh óroãf,
lf quhhi
f ohstf dfrigbiu`tf
hbhihntfs f lh`xg supfr,
ig`s pfrquh
prfdunlfs
lf shr quh, uig vhz lhs`nthorglfs
lhs `nthorglfs phbf e`stur`, nãf sh rhcfnstrfhi ig`s!
Fs hbhihntfs lh cfrrhspfnlënc`g quh b`ogi f ngr`z h g cfbung vhrthergb,
rhbgc`fnglfs cfi g hscgbglg lg shxugb`lglh gtrgvàs lh shus l`dhrhnths
iflfs lh hxprhssãf, sãf tãf `ipfrtgnths qugntf fs quh b`ogi f fuv`lf h
fs r`ns, g vfz h f shxf.
Xi rfstf pflh supfrtgr ui ngr`z igbdh`tf.
Gcgsf g iubahr, pfr ig`s dh`g quh shkg, nãf ognag chrtg ehbhzg qugnlf
gig h à giglg6
Nãf glqu`rh futrg ehbhzg qugnlf hsphrg ui d`baf6
Ig`s igrgv`bafsg g`nlg à g hxprhssãf lgquhbh quh sh pur`d`cg g cglg
hstço`f lh sug hvfbuïãf, quh "shpgrg f sut`b lf hsphssf", gquhbh quh
hsp`r`tugb`zg cfnt`nugihnth hssh hsphssf.
 Fa, cfif
gofrg à cfifvhlfrg
er`bag g ehbhzg
cfi gs pr`iéc`gs lh ui rfstf quh cfnahchu f `ndhrnf h
lf Uhhncfntrf!
Ehbhzg lg dbfr lhsgerfcaglg phbg dhcunl`lglh!

G pgbgvrg \`pahrhta  cfntài ]agr , g "dhcunl`lglh", cfif v`ifs,

igs cfntài `ougbihnth ]hrft , fs "drutfs" quh g dbfr prfihth.
Gss`i cfif g dbfr-lh-b`s s`iefb`zg, pfr sug dfrig h ergncurg, g hxpgnsãf
lf cfrgïãf \`pahrhta nfs lf`s ergïfs, ui lf r`ofr, f futrf lg i`shr`córl`g,
gss`i, nf névhb lf rfstf, g dbfr lf shr hxpgnlh-sh ng rg`z lf ngr`z h lhst`bg
shu phrduih.
"Sugs dgchs sãf cfif ui phrduih lh grfigs, cgntg g Saubgi`tg, cfif ui
cgnth`rf lh pbgntgs flfrédhrgs..."

Cahogifs, gqu`, g hstço`fs tãf rgrgihnth v`v`lfs, `ndhb`zihnth, quh dgbgr

lfs "phrduihs lf shr" pgrhch, ng vhrlglh, uig d`ourg lh hst`bf.
Nf hntgntf, nãf aç nglg ig`s rhgb lf quh hssh phrduih lg dbfr lf shr, tãf
`ncfnsc`hnthihnth prfcurglf.
@ncgpgz lh hxgbç-bf lh s` ihsif, f Afihi tfig-f hiprhstglf ís dbfrhs,
cukgs hssënc`gs lhst`bg pgrg sh phrduigr cfi hbgs.
Hncfntrgifs g`nlg, sfe hssh gsphctf dhnfihngb, g bh` shounlf g qugb g
auign`lglh trgnsdhrh pgrg dfrg lh s` ihsig f quh hbg à `ncgpgz lh v`vhr
`nthr`frihnth, fethnlf, lh iflf grt`d`c`gb, lf hxthr`fr, gqu`bf hi quh hbg
nãf hstç prfntg g sh trgnsdfrigr.
F phrduih
frlhi nãf à ui lfs ihnfrhs hncgntfs nf gt`vf lg shxugb`lglh lh
cfrrhnth.
Nf shr ngsc`lf hi shu "lhv`r", phbf
ph bf cfntrçr`f, f flfr à g própr`g hxgbgïãf
lf cfrpf qu`nthsshnc`glf ng rhgb`zgïãf lg Orgnlh Ferg Gbquéi`cg.
F cfrpf hntãf sh trgnsdfrig hi cåigrg nupc`gbnupc `gb lf Càu h lg \hrrg,
hnqugntf f cfrgïãf igrcg f r`tif lgs pubsgïøhs
pubs gïøhs lg T`lg un`vhrsgb.
Hu ofstgr`g lh pflhr trgnscrhvhr gqu`, pgrg ihbafr gprhhnsãf lhstg
rhgb`lglh tãf rgrgihnth feshrvçvhb, f hstulf igo`strgb quh f lfutfr Auehrt
Bgrcahr dhz g rhsph`tf.
@ssf ubtrgpgssgr`g fs b`i`ths quh ih prfpus, igs rhcfihnlf v`vgihnth g
tflfs gquhbhs quh hstãf `nthrhssglfs nf gssuntf
gss untf g gprfdunlç-bf hi tflf f
shu r`ofr c`hntéd`cf í buz lhssg ferg.
Cfnthntf-ih hi lhstgcgr uig pgssgohi hi quh f gutfr sh `nsp`rg ng
b`nougohi pfàt`cg h quh `bustrg, lh dfrig hstrgnag, g fr`hntgïãf lf iàtflf
quh thnaf
Frg, shou`lfpfàt`cg
g b`nougohi lhslh fnãf
`néc`f
à g lhsth hstulf.
trgluïãf lg própr`g hxpgnsãf lf
`ncfnsc`hnth6
\rgtg-sh lh Ngrgygng, ahró` lf rfignch lh Igbcagb`-]agb.
Hbh l`z; "Ng cgst`lglh, bgnïgrh` i`nag sh`vg, h hbg crhschrç cfif uig
çrvfrh, h hsthnlhrç shus rgifs gtà f `nd`n`tf, h hnogstgrç thstécubfs gtà f
uie`of, lf uie`of gtà f cfrgïãf, lf cfrgïãf gtà f hspér`tf, h bç shrç f
 pfntf ig`s gbtf lh i`nag çrvfrh,
çrvfrh, lg çrvfrh lh i`nag v`r`b`lglh, quh sh
grrfkfu ng cgst`lglh h g cukf rhlfr f dgrlf lf iunlf hncfntrgrç ui sób`lf
gpf`f. H, cfif hbh agv`g l`tf, hssg v`r`b`lglh d`zhrg ngschr nhbh cfif uig
çrvfrh gtà g cgehïg... h egstgvg vhr g buz lh shus fbafs pgrg sh lh`xgr
 phnhtrgr phbg dfrïg sferh-auigng lh sug v`r`b`lglh.
v`r`b`lglh. Hssg v`r`b`lglh,
lhsgerfcaglg gtà hssh pfntf, lhsprhnl`g gf rhlfr lh Ngrgygng f flfr lf
ahró` quh hrg, tgbvhz, f flfr lh Glãf nf ]grgésf \hrrhstrh. Hssh
Hssh flfr, quh
 df` rhcfnahc`lf
l`r`gi h giglf,
quh à f flfr `nstgntgnhgihnth,
lf Afihi pfr uig
gnths lf phcglf."   tr`orhsg, fs cr`stãfs

Lhssh "flfr lh Glãf gnths lf phcglf", dgbg Sgntf @sggc, f Sér`f,

 kustgihnth hi sugs "Shnthnïgs" (BQQQ@T.); "Wugnlf f Afihi lh
aui`blglh sh gprfx`ig lfs gn`ig`s shbvgohns, gphngs hbhs f vëhi, sug
ngturhzg dhrfz à lfiglg; fs gn`ig`s sh gprfx`igi lhbh cfif lh ui
shnafr, eg`xgnlf g cgehïg, bgiehnlf-bah gs iãfs h fs pàs, pfrquh shnthi
quh lhbh higng f ihsif phrduih lh Glãf gnths lg quhlg."  

Uh`nthorglf nfs pgbçc`fs, f Afihi rhhncfntrg gé sug cfnl`ïãf pgrgl`ségcg.

F phrduih quh f shr auignf quh cahofu g hssh pbgnf lh hvfbuïãf hxgbg
thsthiunag ui hstglf lh rhgb h suprhig v`r`b`lglh,
v `r`b`lglh, kuntf lf qugb g
v`r`b`lglh egngb sh rhvhsth lh ui gsphctf
gs phctf lfhnt`f h `rr`sór`f.
Fs gn`ig`s f rhcfnahchi h, pfr cfnshou`nth, sh rhcfnahchi cfif fs
shrvfs lgquhbh lh quh hbh higng.
F bfef lh Ouee`f thi `stf hi cfiui cfi g t`orhsg lh Ngrgygng; hbh sh
b`ofu í phssfg lh Sãf Drgnc`scf h g shrv`u.
Fs gn`ig`s shbvgohns, lfs qug`s sh hsphrgvg quh lhvfrgsshi fs içrt`rhs,
`gi lh`tgr-sh-bahs gfs pàs.
"H qugntfs r`jsa`s , ngs énl`gs, gtrgvhssgi `ipunhihnth
‑ ‐    `ipunhihnth dbfrhstgs
 pfvfglgs lh gn`ig`s shbvgohns
shbvgohns h lh shrphnths vhnhnfs
vhnhnfsgs6"
gs6"
Hx`sthi, t`rglfs lgs ngrrgt`vgs prfvhn`hnths tgntf lg ago`forgd`g cr`stã
qugntf lh futrgs trgl`ïøhs, `nûihrfs cgsfs lh phssfgs cukfs cfrpfs
hxgbgvgi igrgv`bafsfs phrduihs gnths h lhpf`s lg ifrth.
Nf Fc`lhnth, f rgc`fngb`sif iflhrnf rhbhofu hsshs cgsfs pgrg g ogvhtg
lgs bhnlgs, cfi ui sfrr`sf prhsunïfsf, gt`tulh quh nglg thi g vhr cfi f
r`ofr c`hntéd`cf.
\hnagifs phbf ihnfs g cfrgohi, cfif f lfutfr Bgrcahr, lh ger`r hssg
pgstg h lh hstulgr-bah f cfnthûlf.
Cfihïgrhifs hntãf g cfiprhhnlhr quh tgieài g bhnlg prfvài lf Bfofs
quh hstruturg fs dunlgihntfs lg Cr`gïãf, sugs bh`s fntfbóo`cgs.
F phrduih lgs dbfrhs nglg ig`s à quh f rhdbhxf s`ieób`cf lf phrduih lf
afihi quh cahofu í ig`s gbtg hxprhssãf lg sug v`r`b`lglh, lf afihi
lh`d`cglf quh pgrt`c`pg lgs v`ergïøhs bui`nfsgs, sfnfrgs h flfrédhrgs lh
Lhus.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 70

Fs fbafs

Kç t`vh fpfrtun`lglh lh dgbgr lfs fbafs, óroãfs quh fs aherhus só lhd`nhi

hi dunïãf lg ûn`cg h rhgb v`sãf g quh hbhs hstãf lhst`nglfs; g T`sãf l`v`ng.
F "fbaf" “ Gy`n  hi aherg`cf “ à f `lhforgig lg bhtrg Gy`n , cukf vgbfr
nuiàr`cf, ?=, `ipb`cg g ifrth nhchssçr`g
nhchs sçr`g í rhssurrh`ïãf.
Hssh ?= hstç b`oglf í Ferg hi Nhorf, gf cgsgihntf cfi g iãh, ui lfs
lf`s póbfs lfs hspfnsg`s l`v`nfs, lh quh tflf cgsgihntf à séiefbf.
Gf cgef lhssg prfvg, fs fbafs lgquhbhs quh hstgvgi "ngs trhvgs h ng
sfierg lg ifrth" sh gerhi pgrg g T`sãf l`v`ng.
"Hu fuv`rg dgbgr lh \`, igs gofrg ihus fbafs \h v`rgi", l`z Kfe (QB@@; 8).
Gf sg`r lg Grcg, Nfà, gehrtf g hssg ihsig T`sãf, rhspbhnlh cfi tgb
`nthns`lglh quh, qugnlf shus trës d`bafs vãf gtà hbh, fs lf`s pr`ih`rfs sh
gprfx`igi lh cfstgs, hnqugntf f thrch`rf fbag pgrg f `nthr`fr h rhbgtg gf
hxthr`fr.
À cagiglf Agi, f quhnth.
Shrç hscrgvf lfs shus `riãfs.
G pgbgvrg Gy`n, "fbaf", tgieài quhr l`zhr
l `zhr "dfnth".
F quh cfnd`rig g `lhnt`d`cgïãf lg v`sãf cfi gs prfdunlhzgs.
]fr futrf bglf, g bhtrg Gy`n , lh vgbfr ?=, hstç iu`tf próx`ig lg sug `riã,
f [g`n , lh vgbfr ?.
F `lhforgig lf [g`n rhprhshntg uig dbhcag quh gtrgvhssg uig phbh lh
gn`igb .
Hssg dbhcag s`iefb`zg g pftënc`g igscub`ng
igsc ub`ng quh à cfndhr`lg gf Afihi pgrg
phri`t`r quh hbh gssuig fs hspfnsg`s `nthr`frhs h gt`nkg fs suchss`vfs névh`s
lh cfnsc`ënc`g quh nfs shpgrgi lgs nfssgs "phbhs" suchss`vgs.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, f fbaf pflh shr `lhnt`d`cglf cfi g dbhcag quh gtrgvhssg
g nfssg "tûn`cg lh phbh" h bah gsshourg g v`sãf lh ui iunlf quh
trgnschnlh f iunlf hi quh nfssf hstglf lh quhlg nfs gpr`s`fng.
F trgnspgssgihntf lh nfssg phbh lh gn`igb s`iefb`zg f trgnspgssgihntf
lh nfssf cfnl`c`fngihntf gf iunlf dhnfihngb.
F fbaf lhd`nh-sh, hntãf, cfif f óroãf lh v`sãf lf iunlf trgnschnlhntgb,
lf iunlf l`v`nf.

\rgnspfrtglf gtà f thrch`rf Càu, f Gpóstfbf ]gubf d`cg chof pgrg f iunlf
cfiui (Gt, 7Q;0 h @@ Cfr, Q@@;5).
Igs, hssg hxphr`ënc`g nui afihi quh l`rç lh Cr`stf "Wuh s`on`d`cg 'Hbh
sue`u' shnlf quh hbh tgieài lhschu ís rho`øhs `ndhr`frhs lg \hrrg6" (Hd,
@T; 0), `ipb`cg ehi g hxphr`ënc`g lh uig "lhsc`lg gfs @ndhrnfs".
H g chouh`rg lh ]gubf, cfnshcut`vg í "Ferg hi Ergncf", dgz supfr
s upfr tulf
qugntf í "Ferg hi Nhorf", quh hbh thvh lh
l h gssui`r lurgnth fs trës l`gs
shou`nths h lh quh hbh nglg l`z.
Lhpf`s lg \rgnsd`ourgïãf, Cr`stf lhsch gf tûiubf, fnlh d`cg lurgnth trës
l`gs, gss`i cfif Kfngs cfnahchu, lurgnth trës l`gs, gs trhvgs lf vhntrh lg
 egbh`g.
]gubf só rhcferg g v`sãf phbg `ipfs`ïãf lgs iãfs lh Gngn`gs, l`scépubf lf
Shnafr.
G chouh`rg, cukf hxhipbf à gqu` tgntf ig`s
ig `s `iprhss`fngnth phbf dgtf lh thr
s`lf rhgb, hncfntrg-sh hi `nûihrfs i`tfs.

H hbg shiprh s`iefb`zg gs trhvgs lf bge`r`ntf, hxphr`ihntglgs nãf ig`s nf

`ndgnt`b`sif lg `onfrånc`g igs nf rhtfrnf gf grcgésif lg cr`gnïg
c r`gnïg quh
cfnahch.
Df` qugnlf sh tfrnfu chof quh @sggc gehnïffu shu d`baf Kgcfe.
Hsth ûbt`if gcgeg lh usurpgr f l`rh`tf lh pr`ifohn`turg h lh vhst`r g tûn`cg
lh phbh lf "Afihi vhrihbaf" pgrg rhgb`zgr f lhst`nf lf "Afihi vhrlh" lh
sug rgïg.
G hssg vfcgïãf, @sggc rhspfnlhu nf névhb lh sug phssfg.
G `lglh cfi quh hbh ifrrh, "70= gnfs,
gnfs , rhpbhtf lh l`gs", s`on`d`cg quh hbh
rhgb`zfu shu lhst`nf.
Hssh nûihrf, quh cfrrhspfnlh í pgbgvrg  s`on`d`cg uig pbhn`tulh, ui
d`i, gf ihsif thipf quh shu vgbfr nuiàr`cf “ 70= “ `nl`cg g Xn`lglh
rhcfnqu`stglg.
À pfrquh f shounlf pgtr`grcg lh @srghb gtrgvhssg
gtrgvhs sg shu própr`f bge`r`ntf
hndàr`cf, s`iefb`zglf phbg chouh`rg, quh hbh prfifvh, nf névhb lg sug rgïg,
g hscgbglg gtà f L`v`nf.
]grt`nlf lh Gergãf h lh @sggc, g Çrvfrh cfnt`nugrç g crhschr gtrgvàs lh
@srghb.
Hstulgifs g chouh`rg lh Àl`pf, lhthnlf-nfs sferh hssh hs sh i`tf igrgv`bafsf.
B`lf ng f`tgvg lf Uhgb, pgrg f qugb hsth b`vrf ofstgr`g lh ger`r f cfrgïãf
c frgïãf lf
bh`tfr, hssg ngrrgt`vg nãf cfipfrtg nhnaui ifrgb`sif.
G chouh`rg lh Àl`pf rhdhrh-sh g shus hspfnsg`s cfi g Iãh, gss`i cfif cfi
g T`ûvg: `stf à, cfi sug
s ug "Ferg hi Nhorf", shi nhnauig `là`g lh
phngb`lglh pgrg sgnc`fngr ui drgcgssf.
G d`bag lh Àl`pf, Gntéofng, quh shrvh lh ou`g g shu pg`, `nscrhvh shu nfih
hntrh fs lfs ou`gs quh v`ifs gcfipgnagr fs v`gkgnths lhssgs Orgnlhs
\rhvgs.
Sfihnth Cr`stf, d`baf lh Lhus, lhsch sfz`naf gfs @ndhrnfs.
Igs g l`ihnsãf cósi`cg lhssg prfvg vg` gbài lh tflgs gs nfrigs.
F i`tf lh quh g`nlg nãf dgbgifs, igs quh bgnïgrç ui cbgrãf ig`s v`vf
sferh g ént`ig rhbgïãf fbaf-pbhxf sfbgr h, ig`s pgrt`cubgrihnth, fbaf-
cfrgïãf, à g ngrrgt`vg eéeb`cg lh \fe`gs.

7. A`stór`g lh \fe`gs
F vhbaf \fe`gs à ui afihi v`rtufsf.
Sug pgc`ënc`g à cfipgrglg í lh Kfe.
Cfif Kfe, hbh à sueiht`lf í prfvgïãf; tfiglf phbg chouh`rg, hbh nãf pçrg
lh frgr h lh bfuvgr g Lhus.
F ihsif dgz sug iubahr, Sgrga, uig v`rohi quh, suchss`vgihnth, sh
cgsgrg cfi shth afihns quh ui lhiün`f igtgvg, ui gpós futrf, gphngs
hntrgvgi nf qugrtf lg hspfsg.
"Çs prhchs lh \fe`gs h lh Sgrga pgrg quh f Shnafr g b`vrh lhssh fpróer`f
fu g t`rh lh sferh g \hrrg
\ hrrg dfrgi fuv`lgs gf ihsif thipf l`gnth lg Obór`g
lf Lhus sfehrgnf. H Ugpaghb, f sgntf
s gntf gnkf lf Shnafr, df` hnv`glf pgrg
curgr hssgs lugs phssfgs" (\e, @@@; 5<-58).

Ugpaghb, hi aherg`cf, à f "iàl`cf l`v`nf":

l`v `nf": Ugpa  à f "iàl`cf":
 hncfntrgifs
hscgbglg lg dhcunl`lglh; lugsbhtrgs
nhssg rg`z gs]agr . `nvhrt`lgs quh prhs`lhi tflg g
Ugpa thi f vgbfr nuiàr`cf lh 5=5== = + 1== 9 7 7.===,
.===, `stf à, g un`lglh
rhcfnqu`stglg cfi g curg.

Igs hssg curg, quh à g Ferg hi Thrihbaf, `ipb`cg gs futrgs dgshs lg Ferg.
G chouh`rg lh \fe`gs s`on`d`cg, g`nlg gqu`, g "Ferg hi Nhorf."
\fe`gs sgeh, gb`çs, quh vg` ifrrhr.
Kubognlf quh sh trgtg lg ifrth lh shu cfrpf, l`tg sugs ûbt`igs vfntglhs h
hncgrrhog hi pgrt`cubgr shu d`baf lh `r euscgr nui pgés v`z`naf f rhhiefbsf
lh uig lév`lg quh ui tgb lh Ogehbus agv`g cfntrgélf cfi hbh.
Hssg v`gohi gssui`lg pfr \fe`gs d`baf, futrf-hu pgrg f vhbaf \fe`gs,
trgluz g`nlg g lhgieubgïãf ngs trhvgs lf bge`r`ntf v`v`lf nhssh névhb lf
Shr.
Cfif tflfs fs v`gkgnths lhssh t`pf, \fe`gs rhcheh shu ou`g ng phssfg lh
Ugpaghb, cukg vhrlglh`rg `lhnt`lglh hbh lhscfnahch.
Gf sg`r lh sug cgsg, l`z f thxtf, "hbh hncfntrfu ui kfvhi er`bagnth quh
hstgvg lh pà, cfi gs vhsths grrhogïglgs, cfif sh hst`vhssh prfntf g sh
 pür g cgi`naf" (T; 8).
\hifs gqu` g `bustrgïãf ig`s surprhhnlhnth
s urprhhnlhnth lg bh` dunlgihntgb (bh`
fntfbóo`cg) quh prhs`lh f prfchssf lh hvfbuïãf lh tflf shr; s hr; "Wugnlf f
l`scépubf hstç prfntf, f ihstrh cahog."
Cgeh gf l`scépubf sgehr rhcfnahcë-bf.
\fe`gs rhcfnahch, shnãf g vhrlglh`rg `lhnt`lglh, phbf ihnfs g qugb`lglh
lf ou`g.
Cfihïg g kfrnglg.
Nfthifs quh f cãf lh \fe`gs shouh, h iu`tgs vhzhs prhchlh, fs vv`gkgnths.
`gkgnths.
Gnf`thch.
G ngrrgt`vg só nfs à cfntglg
c fntglg nf quh l`z rhsph`tf ís nf`ths lh v`gohi.
\rgtg-sh kustgihnth lg v`gohi ngs trhvgs, quh f vhbaf \fe`gs dgz nf
`nthr`fr lh s` ihsif, h quh f i`tf prfkhtg sferh g a`stór`g lf "D`baf"
hxthr`fr.
\fe`gs pçrg kuntf lh ui r`f, fnlh bgvg fs pàs.
Lh rhphnth, ui ph`xh hnfrih sg` lg çoug pgrg lhvfrç-bf.
\figifs g hncfntrgr gé tflfs fs séiefbfs hstulglfs cfi g "Ferg hi
Nhorf"; f cãf, g nf`th, g çoug, g pur`d`cgïãf lfs pàs (v`stg nf cgpétubf lfs
pàs) h, hnd`i, hssh Lgo
L go AgOglfb, hssh orgnlh ph`xh, `riãf lg egbh`g quh
lhvfrg Kfngs, `riã lf Bhv`gtã lh Kfe, lf Igjgrg lfs a`nlus.
\fe`gs shnth ihlf.
]fr frlhi lh Ugpaghb, hbh t`rg f ph`xh lg çoug, lhshntrgnag-f h cfnshrvg-
bah f cfrgïãf, f dhb h f déoglf.
Hsshs trës hbhihntfs ihstrhs lf pbhxf sfbgr s fbgr "shr-th-ãf nhchssçr`fs pgrg
dgzhr rhiàl`fs iu`tf ûth`s", l`z
ûth`s", l`z f ou`g.
Ugpaghb, gf frlhngr quh \fe`gs hxt`rph f cfrgïãf lf orgnlh ph`xh, à g`nlg
, hxtrg`nlf lh Shu sgnouh cfr`çchf f cfrgïãf lf Bhv`gtã hi shu
l`scursf g Kfe.
Gé g`nlg fs lf`s phrsfngohns, Kfe h \fe`gs, pgrhchi grrhegtglfs phbg
ihsig hxphr`ënc`g lgs prfdunlhzgs.
Lf cfrgïãf quh`iglf sferh cgrvøhs grlhnths sg` uig duigïg quh,  phbg ‒

v`rtulh lh Lhus, hxpubsg tflg hspàc`h lh lhiün`fs... F dhb à efi pgrg

uno`r fs fbafs h curç-bfs". 
curç-bfs". 
F déoglf pgrhch shr cfndunl`lf cfi f cfrgïãf, quh shrç ut`b`zglf pgrg
 hxpubsgr
H, sh nãffs lhiün`fs
nfs lh Sgrga.
hsq uhchifs
hsquhchifs lf quh à f déoglf, dfrïg lh `ifrtgb`lglh, h lh
sug ént`ig rhbgïãf, nf aherg`cf, cfi f Nfih l`v`nf, phnhtrgifs, hi shu

névhb, f i`stàr`f lf rhhncfntrf lh  h lf Glvhrsçr`f, i`stàr`f lf gchssf

í l`ihnsãf l`v`ng nf Afihi.
H `ssf sh pgssg hi \`pahrhta.
Iun`lfs lhsshs rhiàl`fs, shiprh gcfipgnaglfs phbf cãf, fs lf`s
v`gkgnths pøhi-sh nfvgihnth g cgi`naf.
Cahog g shounlg nf`th.
\fe`gs sh phrountg fnlh `rãf sh afsphlgr.
F gnkf bah rhvhbg quh nhssh buogr ifrg Sgrga, quh hbhs pgssgrãf g nf`th ng
cgsg lhbg h quh hssg kfvhi v`rohi lhvh tfrngr-sh sug hspfsg.
F phquhnf orupf gprhshntg-sh í pfrtg lg cgsg, à rhche`lf cfi hntus`gsif
phbfs pg`s lh Sgrga, quh rhcfnahchi hi \fe`gs f d`baf lh ui pr`if iu`tf
quhr`lf, h \fe`gs phlh g kfvhi hi cgsgihntf.
Nfth-sh quh, nhssh i`tf, cfif hi qugsh tflfs fs quh gefrlgifs nf névhb
lg "Ferg hi Nhorf", f cgsgihntf
cgsg ihntf à f séiefbf chntrgb lg un`lglh
rhcfnqu`stglg ng ifrth lg lugb`lglh; cfif Nfà sg` lg Grcg cfi sug
iubahr, cfif Fut-Ngp`sat`i, sueiht`lf í ihsig prfvg, gt`noh g
l`ihnsãf l`v`ng cfi sug iubahr, \fe`gs sg` lg cåigrg nupc`gb lhpf`s lh
thr butglf cfntrg Sgtgnçs.
Bhierhif-nfs lh quh, ngs Nûpc`gs lh Cgnç, Cr`stf hvfcg sugs próx`igs
nûpc`gs; sug ifrth, sug lhsc`lg gfs @ndhrnfs.
Hntrgnlf ng cåigrg nupc`gb, \fe`gs hndrhntg f tûiubf.
Hbh fehlhch g shu ou`g, t`rg lf sgcf
s gcf f déoglf lf ph`xh h f quh`ig sferh
cgrvøhs grlhnths.
"Hntãf f Gnkf Ugpaghb phofu f lhiün`f h f gcfrrhntfu nf lhshrtf lf Gbtf
Ho`tf " (\e, T@@@; 3).
G iãh lh Sgrga, quh kç agv`g cgvglf shth cfvgs pgrg shpubtgr fs igr`lfs
lg d`bag, pgssgrg g nf`th cgvgnlf f tûiubf lh \fe`gs.
Hbg nãf pfl`g gcrhl`tgr ng pgbgvrg lf Gnkf, quh bah agv`g ogrgnt`lf quh,
thihnlf g Lhus, \fe`gs hrg f afihi lhst`nglf g sug d`bag.
Xig shrvg hnv`glg gf qugrtf lfs hspfsfs pgrg euscgr-bah f cfrpf "gnths
quh gignahchssh, hncfntrfu-fs g giefs hi phrdh`tg sgûlh:sg ûlh: hbhs lfri`gi
nf ihsif bh`tf".
Nfth-sh, h `ssf nfs pgrhch lg ig`fr `ipfrtånc`g, quh f pg` lh Sgrga à
Ugouhb, f ihsif nfih lf pà.

Hstgifs bhierglfs lh quh f pà, quh thi g dfrig lh ohrih h ss`iefb`zg

`iefb`zg
pr`ih`rf f hier`ãf h, lhpf`s, f dhtf nf vhntrh igthrnf, s`iefb`zg
s `iefb`zg
`ougbihnth f ohrih hi quh sh trgnsdfrig f afihi cfnsc`hnth qugnlf,
"vfbtgnlf g shr ihn`nf", dgz g hxphr`ënc`g lg lhsc`lg "ís prfdunlhzgs lf
ge`sif... ís rgézhs lg thrrg h ís dfnths lf igr" (Kó, QQQT@@).
Lhus, quh cfnluz Kfe gfs @ndhrnfs, cagig g`nlg hsshs buogrhs lh "]frtg lg
sfierg h lg ifrth".
Hi Sgrga, d`bag lh Ugouhb, \fe`gs vfbtg g shr "ohrih".
Hbh lhspfsg sug \hrrg, quh hbh b`ehrtg lf Glvhrsçr`f.
Cgsg-sh cfi Igbjauta: f cgi`naf lh Jhtahr hstç b`vrh.
Hbh vfbtg h sh gprhssg g `r gtà f pg` chof.
Hstg à g ûbt`ig pgrth lg lhgieubgïãf; g sue`lg lfs @ndhrnfs.
 F cãf àhfshu
\fe`gs pr`ih`rf g cahogrgcfrrhi
cfipgnah`rf " nf gbtf"!
"nf gtrçs lhbh.
"Hntãf \fe`gs, tfignlf f dhb lf ph`xh, cfbfcfu-f sferh fs fbafs lf pg`. H,
lhpf`s lh thr hsphrglf chrcg lh ih`g afrg, uig phquhng phbh ergncg,
shihbagnth í phbh lh ui fvf, cfihïfu g sg`r lh shus fbafs. \fe`gs, shu

d`baf, phognlf-g, t`rfu-g lfs fbafs lf pg` h `ihl`gtgihnth hsth rhcuphrfu g

v`sãf" (Q@; 73-78). 
73-78). 

Nãf à pfr gcgsf quh f fvf à bhierglf gqu`.

G rhcuphrgïãf lg v`stg, nf shnt`lf
s hnt`lf iét`cf “ gchssf í v`sãf l`v`ng “, à g
sgélg lh ui fvf, ui vhrlglh`rf ngsc`ihntf pgrg f L`v`nf.
Hntãf shus fbafs rhcfnahchi f Gnkf Ugpaghb. "\figlfs lh hspgntf, hbhs
lh`xgrgi cg`r f fbagr pgrg g thrrg."
\flf ngsc`ihntf pgrg ui iunlf lhscfnahc`lf nãf à shiprh gcfipgnaglf
lh ui or`tf6
Igs trgtg-sh gqu` lf ihlf h lf thifr lf Afihi l`gnth lf sgorglf.
"G pgz hsthkg cfnvfscf, l`z f iàl`cf chbhsth, nãf thig`s", h lhsgpgrhchu
lh l`gnth lh shus fbafs.
\fe`gs, quh agv`g d`cglf chof lurgnth qugtrf gnfs “ séiefbf lf
quglr`bçthrf “, cgntg gs igrgv`bags lf iunlf chbhsth quh hbh, hnd`i, pflh
cfnthipbgr.
Sug gbig hstç hi kûe`bf.
Cfi Kfe, hbh hxubtg hi ih`f lg iubt`lãf lh r`quhzgs lh quh à cuiubglf h
quh cfnst`tuhi fs drutfs lh sugs ug çrvfrh, quh gt`no`rg g pbhn`tulh lh sug
v`r`b`lglh.
F dhb, cfif hstgifs bhierglfs, à f dfof lg "igtr`z lh dfof", g vhsécubg
e`b`gr, ng qugb f Afihi cfnluz hnhro`gs, b`ehrglgs phbf egïf-påncrhgs,
pgrg rhgb`zç-bgs.
Hssgs rhgb`zgïøhs suchss`vgs gerhi, hi cglg pbgnf, gs pfrtgs lh ui nfvf
hnthnl`ihntf, lh uig nfvg v`sãf.
F dhb à f b`cfr sgorglf lg v`sãf.
Nãf dgbh` (igs nãf à tgrlh lhig`s pgrg dgzë-bf) lg cfergnïg lg lév`lg lév `lg lh
quh Ugpaghb sh hncgrrhog gf prfsshou`r v`gohi, lurgnth fs trës l`gs h gs
trës nf`ths quh fs hspfsfs pgssgi ng cåigrg nupc`gb.
\rës l`gs; df` f thipf quh Kfngs pgssfu nf vhntrh lg egbh`g: df` tgieài f
thipf quh Cr`stf pgssfu nf tûiubf.
H, lg ihsig dfrig quh Cr`stf b`ehrtfu g auign`lglh lg sug lév`lg, lg
ihsig dfrig quh Kfngs, pfrtglfr lg lév`lglév `lg lh Nén`vh, b`ehrtfu g c`lglh,
gss`i \fe`gs, gf hndrhntgr f shu f`tgvf lhiün`f, pgog g lév`lg quh agv`g
cfntrgélf cfi f ]g`-Hspfsf; rhst`tu`-bah g hspfsg.
F i`tf shrvh-sh gofrg lh Ugpaghb pgrg rhbgtgr f d`i lg v`gohi, `stf à, hi
prfdunl`lglh, gqu`bf quh sh pgssg nf shorhlf
s horhlf lg cåigrg nupc`gb; Ugpaghb
lfi`ng f ûbt`if lhiün`f, shnlf quh fs shth futrfs agv`gi s`lf vhnc`lfs
phbfs shth igr`lfs lh Sgrga: ng vhrlglh, pfr p fr shth l`ihnsøhs suchss`vgs lh
\fe`gs, quh ifrrh h rhssusc`tg g s` ihsif nfs shus cgsgihntfs `nthr`frhs.
Ogehbus à b`ehrtglf lg sug lév`lg.
Ogefb   à f "b`i`th".
Ogehbus à \fe`gs ng sug ûbt`ig pr`sãf gnths lg b`ehrtgïãf lhd`n`t`vg, gnths
lg cfnqu`stg lg un`lglh nfs hspfnsg`s phrdh`tfs, gnths lf gchssf í v`sãf lg
Buz tftgb.
Ugpaghb, f "iàl`cf l`v`nf", à  - Cr`stf rhcfnluz`nlf í dhstg lh nûpc`gs
 gquhbh quh pgofu g sug lév`lg.
G ngrrgt`vg lh \fe`gs pøh hi rhbhvf, lh iflf ig`s l`rhtf lf quh fs i`tfs
lh Nfà fu lh Kfe, f cgsgihntf lf Afihi h lf shu @sag, lf shu dhi`n`nf,

lh quh f lrgig lg quhlg f t`nag lhsv`glf, pgrhch, shi pfss`e`b`lglh lh

rhtfrnf.
H, cfntulf, f thxtf lg quhlg nfs phri`th l`schrn`r uig bh`turg nãf
cfnvhnc`fngb cfnvhrohnth cfi hssg ngrrgt`vg lh rhgb`zgïãf.
Ngqu`bf quh sh cfstuig cagigr "g trépb`ch igbl`ïãf", bgnïglg sferh fs trës
prftgofn`stgs lg ngrrgt`vg iét`cg, Lhus l`z g Glãf; "Nf sufr lgs tugs
ngr`ngs, cfihrgs f pãf gtà quh rhtfrnhs pgrg g Glgiga, pf`s lhbg dfsth
tfiglf, pf`s às pó h gf pó rhtfrngrçs."
]fr lugs vhzhs, cagig-sh g gthnïãf lf bh`tfr hi quhstãf pgrg hssh
"rhtfif" `iphrgt`vf.
Hu kç agv`g gprfx`iglf hssh thxtf gf cgp`tubf lfs kfhbafs pgrg ifstrgr quh
f Afihi-pó hrg cagiglf, gbài lh sug s`tugïãf lh quhlg, g rhtfigr, pgrg
tfigr nfvgihnth cfnsc`ënc`g lf pflhr lh dhcunl`lglh quh g sug qugb`lglh
lh pó cfntài h pgrg rhhncfntrgr g `nthor`lglh lg sug vfcgïãf fr`o`ngb.
Uhtfif g hssh thxtf, gofrg, pgrg gd`rigr g dfrïg lh rhstgurgïãf lf Glãf
ngs sugs nfrigs pr`içr`gs, dfrïg hnrg`zglg nf própr`f cfrgïãf lf shu hrrf,
ng pfss`e`b`lglh quh hbh thi lh ui rhtfrnf gifrfsf pgrg g sug thrrg
`nthr`fr, g Glgiga, quh dgz pgrth `nthorgnth lf shu
s hu @sag, g hspfsg.

Gf lhspfsgr Sgrga, \fe`gs igtg-sh shth vhzhs pgrg rhssusc`tgr ng

l`ihnsãf lh "D`baf" h "vhr".
F nfih lh \fe`gs, \fv`afu  hi aherg`cf, à  - . "Pfl-Aà-Tgv"
cagig ui futrf Aà pgrg dfrigr f \htrgorgig.
Hssh futrf Aà, nf nfih lh \fe`gs, à suest`tuélf phbg rg`z \fv , póbf
buz-rhgb`zglg lg çrvfrh lg lugb`lglh.
G hxphr`ënc`g lh \fe`gs à prforgiglg nf shu
s hu nfih; pgrg gt`no`r buz g tftgb,
\ fv, lhvh gssui`r f ûbt`if Aà, f ûbt`if  Ug,
f afihi kustf, quh kç à \fv,
ûbt`igs trhvgs, ûbt`ifs hspfnsg`s.
\fe`gs fehlhch ís `nstånc`gs lf shu nfih.
Gé hstç g b`ehrlglh, `stf à, g b`ehrtgïãf.
\fe`gs pgssg phbg "]frtg lfs lhushs".
G v`sãf l`v`ng quh hbh glqu`rh à s`iefb`zglg
s `iefb`zglg hi `nûihrgs \rgl`ïøhs phbf
fbaf drfntgb cagiglf nfrigbihnth "thrch`rf fbaf".
5. F Fbaf Drfntgb; g Hsihrgblg
Wuh à, hntãf, hssh thrch`rf fbaf6
]grg nãf lh`xgr g trgl`ïãf kulhf-cr`stã, bhierhif-nfs lh quh kç f
hncfntrgifs hi Egbgãf (Ni, QQ@T;3-<) quh prfdht`zg, l`zhnlf;
l `zhnlf; "]gbgvrgs
lh Egbgãf, d`baf lh Ehfr. ]gbgvrgs lf afihi quh thi f fbaf gehrtf,
lgquhbh quh fuvh gs pgbgvrgs lh Lhus, lgquhbh quh vë g v`sãf lf \flf-
]flhrfsf, lgquhbh quh sh prfsthrng h cukfs fbafs shs h gerhi."
Hstgnlf g gehrturg lhssh fbaf iést`cf b`oglg í lh`d`cgïãf lf Afihi, hbh à
f séiefbf lf \htrgorgig.
Nós f vhifs iu`tgs vhzhs ngs s`ngofogs, cfif tgieài hi gbouigs
`orhkgs cr`stãs, nf chntrf lh ui tr`ånoubf hqu`bçthrf, suest`tu`nlf f Nfih
 l`v`nf.
Gbouigs vhzhs,
Nf rho`strf hstç rflhglf
ps`cfbóo`cf, f fbaflh trës
hstç hspglgs.
b`oglf í cubpge`b`lglh.
c ubpge`b`lglh.

Gquhbh quh sh shnth cubpglf shnth-sh tgieài fbaglf pfr hssh hss h "fbaf
l`v`nf", quh nglg ig`s à lf quh shu própr`f kubogihntf sfe f séiefbf lf
thrch`rf fbaf.
Ng Oràc`g, v`ifs fs c`cbfphs
c`c bfphs lh fbaf drfntgb trgegbagr gf bglf lh [hus pgrg
lhstrfngr Crfnfs h hntrhogr g Xrgnf, lhus lf càu, c àu, shu Uh`nf.
Sfe futrg dfrig, hssh i`tf thi f ihsif
ihs if cfnthûlf quh tflfs fs i`tfs quh
trgtgi lf Uhtfif.
Igs à ng Énl`g quh hncfntrgifs
hnc fntrgifs g b`thrgturg ig`s r`cg g rhsph`tf lf thrch`rf
fbaf.
H, pr`ih`rf, nf sh`f lg própr`g \r`iûrt`, nãf à gcgsf f pr`nc`pgb gtr`eutf lh
Sa`vg, lhus quh lhstró` g suchssãf lfs dhnüihnfs, f thipf (Crfnfs), pgrg
cfnstru`r g agrifn`g ng phrignënc`g, f \rgnschnlhnth (Xrgnf)6
"Shu thrch`rf fbaf, \r`bfcagig, à uig cagig
c agig pfthnth quh quh`ig f lhus
Jåig (lhus lf gifr cgrngb) h lhus lg ifrth.
Hnqugntf lhstru`lfr lh Jåig, shu thrch`rf fbaf à séiefbf lg cfnvhrsãf
c fnvhrsãf lf
gifr dés`cf hi cfnahc`ihntf hsp`r`tugb.
Hnqugntf lhstru`lfr lg ifrth, hbh à f séiefbf lh shu gsphctf vhnchlfr lg
ifrth, Ir`tyunkgvg... F thrch`rf fbaf lh Sa`vg à séiefbf
s éiefbf lf cfnahc`ihntf h
lg `bui`ngïãf."

Lurog, sagjt` lh Sa`vg, `stf à, sug hnhro`g dhi`n`ng, à glfrglg sfe ui lh

shus gsphctfs, f lh Bgjsai`, cfif g lhusg lg ehbhzg h lg agrifn`g.
"G shus pàs, g cfrukg, séiefbf h s`nün`if lh cfnahc`ihntf h lh efi
guoûr`f, ifstrg quh Bgjsai`, hi sug phrdh`ïãf, à shiprh gcfipgnaglg lh
cfnahc`ihntf."
Cfi hdh`tf, g cfrukg, quh hnxhrog lh nf`th, à hsshnc`gbihnth séiefbf lh
cfnahc`ihntf, lh v`sãf quh vg` gbài lg gnt`nfi`g \rhvgs-Buz.
T`sãf gbài lg lugb`lglh: hssh à f lfi lhssh fbaf drfntgb cukf nfih,
"\r`bfcagig", `nl`cg, ig`s lf quh g nfïãf lf "thrch`rf fbaf", g nfïãf lg
"v`sãf tr`ng".
Sug pfs`ïãf ihl`gng nf rfstf f dgz pgrt`c`pgr lg cfbung lf Ih`f lg çrvfrh,
cgi`naf lh rhtfif í un`lglh.
F fbaf drfntgb nãf à, pfr chrtf, hstrgnaf í phlrg drfntgb, g hsihrgblg, cukg
bhnlg l`z quh frngvg g drfnth lh Bûc`dhr, lhpf`s g lh Glãf nf ]grgésf
qugnlf Bûc`dhr g phrlhu.
]fr sug vhz, Glãf cfnahchu g "quhlg", h g hsihrgblg lhsprhnlhu-sh lhbh.
Fs Gnkfs g rhchehrgi, prfsshouh g bhnlg, hscgvgrgi-ng
hs cgvgrgi-ng h cfi hbg
dfrigrgi f cçb`ch lh quh Cr`stf sh shrv`u ng Ch`g.
Kfsà lh Gr`igtà`g cfnshrvfu-g.
Nhbg, hbh rhcfbahu f sgnouh quh cfrr`g lg cagog lh Cr`stf ng cruz, qugnlf f
chntur`ãf bah dhr`u f dbgncf cfi ui ofbph lh bgnïg.
G bhnlg g`nlg cfnt`nug nf i`tf lf Orggb, cukf
c ukf cçb`ch shr`g hssg ihsig
hsihrgblg trgnspfrtglg pgrg g Erhtgnag phbf própr`f Kfsà lh Gr`igtà`g.
G hsihrgblg-fbaf drfntgb à pgrg fs lf`s fbafs f quh f cfrgïãf-chntrf à pgrg
f cfrgïãf-óroãf, séiefbf lf ]g`.
G hsihrgblg cah`g lf sgnouh prhc`fsf à g `igohi lgs iãfs lf ]g`
rhchehnlf g v`lg lf D`baf h rhst`tu`nlf-g nf sfprf lf Hspér`tf Sgntf.
 À vhrlglh quh g hsihrgblg, lh cfr vhrlh, `nl`cg ngquhbh quh, cfi g
gehrturg lf thrch`rf fbaf, g hncfntrg hi sug drfnth, sug `nthorgïãf ng
Çrvfrh lg T`lg.
G hsihrgblg “ fu f fbaf quh thi g v`sãf tr`ng “ hstç b`oglg tgieài gf
b`cfih, lh quh dgbgrh` bfof gl`gnth.

3. Gs Bçor`igs
Xig bçor`ig, L`iga , à f "sgnouh " lf "fbaf ", fu "f sgnouh ng
sug dfnth".
À tgieài "prfvhn`ënc`g " lh "cfnahc`ihntf ".
Nãf sh trgtg, gqu`, lh bçor`igs hifc`fng`s fu shnt`ihntg`s, igs lgquhbgs
quh erftgi
]f`s, íquhbh lh
quhuig
vë hv`sãf hsp`r`tugb.
cafrg f shu hrrf lhschnlf pgrg g sug dfnth, hstg sh
gerh h b`ehrtg g hnhro`g-`ndfrigïãf `nhrhnth g hssg htgpg.
"Nfvfs càus, nfvgs thrrgs!"

F Afihi, hntãf, "pøh-sh nfvgihnth lh pà “  - Fihl"; g

vhrt`cgb`zgïãf lf Afihi (dh`tg lgs ihsigs bhtrgs quh gs "bçor`igs"!) nãf
sh dgz shi bçor`igs!
F "lfi lgs bçor`igs" à uig orgïg l`v`ng quh fs iést`cfs ehi cfnahchi.
Hbh `ntrfluz g gbhor`g.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 5=

F crån`f

7. F Càrherf
Sh fbagrifs ui càrherf, hbh lhshnag ui nfvf ohrih cukf phlûncubf à
cfnst`tuélf phbf trfncf chrhergb.
Gf ihsif thipf quh à g hxpgnsãf
hx pgnsãf lg ihlubg hsp`ngb, shu d`ngb, lhpf`s
quh hbg phrcfrrhu g hscgbglg lg cfbung vhrthergb, f càrherf à ui ohrih,
ui cfihïf!

À tgieài f Pfl lf \htrgorgig-Hspglg , nf qugb f Tgv lhshiphnafu

`nthorgbihnth f pgphb lh cffrlhnglfr.
\flgs gs cgehïgs cfbfcglgs suchss`vgihnth sferh fs fierfs lf Afihi
dfrgi
\flgs pgrt`c`pgïãf
fehlhchrgi cglg vhz ig`frlflftr`ånoubf
ís hstruturgs s hu grquàt`pf,
shu suphr`frf lg
Pfl.
Çrvfrh lgs
Shpa`rfta.
Feshrvhifs hsth tr`ånoubf.

Nf névhb lf "cfrpf l`v`nf", à cagiglf "orgnlh

" orgnlh dgch l`v`ng".
Hbh ohrg gs shth futrgs shpa`rfta cagiglgs "phquhng dgch l`v`ng", h
rhcgp`tubg-gs tflgs.
G sug `igohi, g cgehïg, f Pfl , à tgieài f \htrgorgig `nth`rf.
F Tgv, cfbung vhrthergb lf cfrpf lf Afihi, à gqu` g ûbt`ig vàrtherg quh
sh lhshnvfbvh nf shu pfntf ig`s gbtf pgrg dfrigr f crån`f.
Hssg vàrtherg à, ng rhgb`lglh, uig h trës; fcc`p`tgb, hsdhnf`lgb h htif`lgb,
quh lhshnagi uig curvgturg quh rhihth g dgch pgrg g drhnth h lhthri`ng,
 gss`i, g vhrt`cgb`zgïãf fer`ogtór`g lf Afihi.
F Tgv, quh à tgieài g ihlubg hsp`ngb hnogstglg nf tuef nhurgb gf bfnof
lf cfrpf, tfrng-sh f própr`f càrherf nf névhb lg cgehïg.
Hsth ûbt`if ngsch hier`fbfo`cgihnth lh ui trépb`ch `ncagïf lf tuef nhurgb,
dfrignlf f `ncagïf suphr`fr;

“  lh ui bglf, fs lf`s ahi`sdàr`fs chrherg`s, fs lf`s Aà lf \htrgorgig:

“ lh futrf bglf, g cgehïg lf \htrgorgig, f Pfl.

Nf `néc`f, f Pfl phrignhch hscfnl`lf, rhcurvglf hi uig c`rcunvfbuïãf

c `rcunvfbuïãf lf
càrherf ig`s grcg`cf: tfrng-sh ohrih shounlf uig dfrig cagiglgc agiglg "cfrnf
lh Gifn".
Nfssf `ncfnsc`hnth sfueh cagigr g dfrigïãf a`pfcåip`cg hnrfbglg nf
càrherf ig`s gnt`of lh "cfrnf lh Gifn": shkg qugb dfr g fr`ohi lhssg
lhnfi`ngïãf, chrtgihnth f sfi dunlgihntgb "GXI" “ quh, cfif v`ifs' ,
hrg pgrg nós "GIHN" “ hstç `nscr`tf nhssg dfrigïãf grcg`cg.
H pflh-sh phnsgr quh ui r`tugb hbgefrglf hi tfrnf lhssh sfi pfssg
prhs`l`r g própr`g hbgefrgïãf lhssg dfrig, gss`i cagiglg
c agiglg g sh lhshnrfbgr
pgrg thr gchssf í sug dunïãf gifrfsg lh "iãf l`v`ng", gpflhrgnlf-sh f
Pfl lf Tgv h tfrngnlf-sh cfi hbh f punaf lg Hspglg!
Igs nãf gnthc`phifs, h vfbthifs ís própr`gs hstruturgs lf crån`f.
Cfipgrh` hsth ûbt`if g uig ûbt`ig vàrtherg quh sh s h hxpgnlh nf gbtf lg
cfbung vhrthergb nuig l`spfs`ïãf ósshg lurg h dbhxévhb.
“ Lurg, pfrquh à fssf h, cfif
c fif tgb, f ig`s hstruturglf h cfhrhnth lf cfrpf
auignf.
“ Dbhxévhb, pfrquh à ui quherg-cgehïg nãf sfblglf, cukgs grhstgs sh

gphrtgi h sh gdrfuxgi nf r`tif lh uig "rhsp`rgïãf crgn`gng" gutünfig,

lhspfsgnlf, gss`i, g v`lg lf càrherf.
Hnqugntf fssf, f crån`f hstç rhbgc`fnglf cfi f i`stàr`f quh b`og tflfs fs
fssfs lf cfrpf h quh dgz lhssg suestånc`g, Htshi , g própr`g suestånc`g
lf shr, sug `nt`i`lglh l`v`ng.
Nhssh shnt`lf, f crån`f nãf à ig`s shpgrçvhb lf càrherf lf quh f fssf lg
sug ihlubg, fu gs vàrthergs lg ihlubg hsp`ngb.
]grg fs ca`nhshs, ihlubg ósshg b`oglg gf sgnouh h ihlubg b`oglg gf `ndbuxf
nhrvfsf sãf `nl`ssfc`çvh`s h dfrigi, cfi fs fssfs h fs lf`s pr`ih`rfs
cgipfs lh c`nçer`f hstulglfs “ igtr`z lh çoug, f ûthrf, h igtr`z lh dfof,
g vhsécubg e`b`gr “, gs hntrgnags cagiglgs "cur`fsgs fu igrgv`bafsgs" quh
ogrgnthi g phrhn`lglh.
Sh g phrhn`lglh à g cfnt`nugïãf lg rgïg ng igtr`z lh çoug, v`ifs quh, g
pgrt`r lhbg, tgieài g phrhn`lglh à hsshnc`gbihnth cr`gïãf, `stf à,
 
cfnqu`stg lg hthrn`lglh
Ng b`nougohi quh bahs àng rh`nthorgïãf
própr`g, ng un`lglh.
fs ca`nhshs lhs`ongi g cgehïg cfif f
"cgipf lh c`nçer`f crgn`gnf", ûbt`if buogr lh ohstgïãf
ohstgï ãf lf l`v`nf hi quh f
Afihi, tfrngnlf-sh XI, lhspfsg f un`vhrsgb.
"Hssh shr lç í buz phbg cgehïg", l`zhi.
"Hbh à f Lgf."
]grg fs orhofs, à ]gbgs Gthng.
]grg fs aherhus, à .
G nfssg própr`g b`nougohi gngtüi`cg hxpb`cg hssg
hss g igthrn`lglh.
Hbg lç f nfih lh "iãh" ís trës ihiergngs prfthtfrgs lgs ihn`nohs, quh
cfnst`tuhi gs pbgcgs crgn`gngs;
“ g lurg-içthr, ng drhnth:

“ g p`g-içthr, lhntrf:

 “  h, hntrh gs lugs, g d`ng grgcnó`lh, Grgcanà, g grgnag quh thch f shu vàu
hf trgegbag nfshu
dhrrh`rf nf "ih`f", cfiflh
sgntuçr`f Gr`glnh
dfof. nf pgbçc`f
pg bçc`f lh Cnfssfs, h tgieài cfif
Nhssg ûbt`ig igtr`z, pfrtgntf, f Pfl crhsch.

Nf Tgv, f h`xf càrherf-hsp`ngb “ g rhsph`tf lf qugb sh sgeh

s geh quh hbh cruzg
hi cglg névhb vhrthergb gs `ndfrigïøhs shnsfr`g`s rhcfba`lgs nf `nthr`fr fu
nf hxthr`fr lf frogn`sif, h quh hbh rhst`tu` gfs óroãfs quh cfignlg, sfe g
dfrig lh frlhns `ougbihnth cruzglgs “, f cgsgihntf lfs lf`s  rhgb`zfu-
sh gf bfnof lg hscgbglg.

Nf càrherf, fs lf`s  tfrngi-sh fs lf`s ahi`sdàr`fs chrherg`s cukgs

c`rcunvfbuïøhs gpgrhchi cfif ui ûbt`if bge`r`ntf nf chntrf lf qugb só sh
pflh hntrgr cfi f ou`g l`v`nf (d`zhifs hssg hxphr`ënc`g cfi Kfe), thnlf
lhsgpgrhc`lf tflf ihlf lg ifrth.
Ûbt`ig igtr`z, hbg à f Ofboftag fu "buogr lf l f crån`f", Ofubofbhta  hi
aherg`cf.
Hbg à g "b`ehrtgïãf " lf "hxéb`f, g ogbfut ".
À g`nlg g Cruz quh g thrch`rg bhtrg \gv , prhsg ng "rflg, ogbogb  " lg
ifrth-rhssurrh`ïãf hxpb`cg.
F \gv , hnqugntf çrvfrh lg cruz, tfig-sh hntãf çrvfrh lg v`lg.
G Çrvfrh lg v`lg lhu shu
s hu nfih g uig pgrth lf càrherf s`tuglg gtrçs lf
eubef h cagiglg chrhehbf, lh quh dgbgrh` g shou`r.
Ofstgr`g lh vfbtgr gfs nfssfs gi`ofs ca`nhshs quh l`zhi g`nlg quh f
càrherf, "cfbfcglf nf càu lf Afihi, à f igr lgs ihlubgs".
"Igr quh sh rht`rg", pflhr-sh-`g gcrhschntgr, dgzhnlf ui kfof cfi g
pgbgvrg aherg`cg Ifga , g "ihlubg", cukg rg`z, cfif v`ifs, à "g rht`rglg,
f gpgogihntf".
Igr lh quh f Gbhpa  rhprhshntg f dbuxf h AgSahi, f Pfl P fl , f rhdbuxf.
Igr cukg rhsp`rgïãf sh hnrgézg nf Sageegt lf Gbhpa  quh gtrg` f Pfl .
Gncfrglf nf Càu, f Afihi rhcheh lf Gbhpa G bhpa g cfrrhnth hnhroàt`cg
lhschnlhnth quh cfnst`tu`, ng sug rhgb`lglh `ihl`gtg, gf ihsif
ihs if thipf f
shu hnvfbtór`f cutånhf, g sug vhsth lh phbh, quh sh tfrngrç vhsth lh buz, h
hssh thc`lf nferh hntrh tflfs, ergncf ngcgrglf, drço`b h hsshnc`gb, quh
cfnst`tu` gs d`ergs nhrvfsgs, g ihlubg h f càrherf.
Ng sug rhgb`lglh ihl`gtg, g bui`nfsg suestånc`g
suestånc `g lf Gbhpa, tfrngnlf-sh
Pfl, hnhro`zg f càrherf quh hnthsfurg g própr`g hssënc`g lf shr, rhcgp`tubg-
g h g l`str`eu`, cfntgntf quh f Afihi l`r`kg f shu lhshkf pgrg f Hspfsf
l`v`nf, `stf à, cfntgntf quh hbh sh `nscrhvg nf shu nfih, f shu Pfl, h quh
hbh gsp`rh gf Gbhpa, f Hspfsf-]g`, lh quh hbh prfvài. 
F kfof quh b`og f Gbhpa gf Pfl bë-sh ng pgbgvrg H` , quh à f glvàre`f
`nthrrfogt`vf "fnlh".
Hssh kfof lh hncfntrf h shpgrgïãf thch fs l`dhrhnths hspgïfs `nthr`frhs,
cgipfs lh cfnsc`ënc`g, nf qugb f Tgv à cfif quh gsp`rglf, gpgnaglf ng
"iãf l`v`ng" í qugb hbh lç dfrïg.

5. F chrhehbf
À nf ifihntf hi quh f trfncf càrherf-hsp`ngb
c àrherf-hsp`ngb lf Tgv hntrg nf crån`f quh
 hbh hi`th gs sh`s rgézhs lf chrhehbf, óroãf quh, cfif gcgegifs lh vhr,
tgieài à cagiglf lh "çrvfrh lg v`lg".
F hspgntfsf lhshnaf quh sh vë gpgrhchr, sh sh d`zhr ui cfrth sgo`tgb lf
chrhehbf, pgrhch uig dfbag lh cgrvgbaf.

Grvfrh sgorglg pfr hxchbënc`g, f cgrvgbaf dgz sue`r sug sh`vg shounlf g
frlhi lh uig hstruturg quh pgrhch pflhr shr cfipgrglg í lg sue`lg
hnhroàt`cg lf Afihi.

Cglg ui lfs dfbéfbfs lf chrhehbf

c hrhehbf rhprhshntg uig pgrth lf cfrpf.
Hssh óroãf, pfr sug vhz, rhcgp`tubg f cfrpf `nth`rf, ng vfcgïãf hsphcéd`cg lg
sue`lg lg sh`vg h lg sug frogn`zgïãf cfrfngb nf gbtf lg Grvfrh; f crån`f-
cfrfg.
À pfr `ssf quh f chrhehbf cffrlhng tflg g pfsturg h, hsphc`gbihnth, g
vhrt`cgb`zgïãf lf Afihi.
Hbh rhcheh sug `ndfrigïãf hsshnc`gbihnth lf bge`r`ntf lf fuv`lf quh, cfi
c fi
hbh, unh g gul`ïãf h g pfsturg, f sahig lg "gul`ïãf"  vhi h f Iggssga
lg "gïãf" ; shnlf gul`ïãf h gïãf dh`tgs lgs ihsigs bhtrgs-hnhro`gs! 
Të-sh, gqu`, f cgrçthr l`v`nf lg gïãf quh hstç í hscutg Pfl!
F cgrçthr l`v`nf lg lgnïg quh erftg lg iûs`cg qugnlf shu cgntf à écfnh lf
Nfih!
Ng egsh lf chrhehbf hstç f "nó v`tgb", chntrf rhsp`rgtór`f quh gn`ig f shr
`nthrnf!
Hbh lh`xg gl`gnth lhbh g a`pód`sh quh ofvhrng tflgs gs obånlubgs hnlócr`ngs
h hsphc`gbihnth gs obånlubgs shxug`s.
G a`pód`sh, phbf shu `ndbuxf sferh g shxugb`lglh ohn`tgb, b`og f cgipf lh
c`nçer`f crgn`gnf gf cgipf phbv`gnf, hnqugntf g hpéd`sh fu obånlubg
o bånlubg p`nhgb,
s`tuglg gtrçs lf nó v`tgb, pgrhch b`ogr-sh gf cgipf lh c`nçer`f tfrçc`cf.
G dunïãf lg hpéd`sh cfnt`nug lhscfnahc`lg: l`r`g ihsif quh hbg só à
lhscfnahc`lg pfrquh hstç glfrihc`lg; nãf v`vhnlf g auign`lglh nf shu
hstglf `ncfnsc`hnth gtugb g sug igtr`z lh dfof,
d fof, g obånlubg g`nlg nãf à
 sfb`c`tglg g hnv`gr shu `ndbuxf pgrg f cgipf tfrçc`cf.
Hu shr`g thntglg g crhr quh g hpéd`sh à cagiglg g shr, pgrg g dunïãf Thref,
gqu`bf quh g a`pód`sh à pgrg g dunïãf prfcr`glfrg.
G obånlubg p`nhgb à gss`i cagiglg pfr cgusg lg sug dfrig lh p`nag.
Hssg dfrig à tgieài séiefbf lf Thref.

U`quéss`ig hi ihbgn`ng nhorg cfif f dunlf lf fbaf, à nhbg quh, lh dgtf,

sãf gngb`sglgs gs phrchpïøhs lg buz quh vhi nãf gphngs lfs fbafs igs
tgieài lgs pçbphergs, lgs dgchs h, sferhtulf, lg drfnth.
Xi r`tif sfbgr quh à gé hbgefrglf nfs pøh hi rhbgïãf `nthrng cfi f
n`ctëihrf.
Fs hoépc`fs cagigvgi hssg obånlubg lh "f Sfb ng cgehïg"!
Geg`xf lf nó v`tgb, h thri`ngnlf phbg obånlubg p`nhgb, lhsprhnlhi-sh
lhsprhnlhi-s h fs
lf`s tagbgius, fu "bh`tfs nupc`g`s", cagiglfs g`nlg "bh`tfs ót`cfs".
Í pr`ih`rg v`stg, g v`sãf `nscrhvh-sh ng própr`g d`ngb`lglh lf cgsgihntf.
À nf névhb lfs bh`tfs ót`cfs quh sh chbherg g ûbt`ig un`ãf, g lfs lf`s
ahi`sdàr`fs chrherg`s, cglg ui lfs qug`s hspgbag sug suestånc`g ergncg
nui vfbuih cagiglf "cfrfg rhspbgnlhchnth".
F "]g` l`v`nf", Sgehlfr`g, ahi`sdàr`f l`rh`tf, lhspfsfu tftgbihnth g "Iãh
l`v`ng", @nthb`oënc`g, ahi`sdàr`f hsquhrlf.
Gifrfsgihnth, rht`rfu tflfs fs shus vàus.
Lhsbuierglf phbg sug v`sãf, gprhssg-g g lgr f shu drutf.
Hssh drutf, hbg cgrrhog ngs própr`gs hntrgnags lf shu nfih E`nga ; hbh
à Pga , f D`baf Ehn , .
Gbhbu`g, thifs vfntglh lh cgntgr cfi tflfs fs nfssfs óroãfs lhvftglfs g
Pga!
]f`s hstãf tflfs gé rhsui`lfs, lhshnaglfs, gssui`lfs ng "cfrfg
rhspbgnlhchnth"!
\flgs gs dunïøhs iftfrgs, shns`t`vgs, cfon`t`vgs, `nthbhctug`s h gdht`vgs gé
sãf rhcuphrglgs ngs sugs ign`dhstgïøhs própr`gs, cfif ngs sugs `nthrgïøhs
ig`s d`ngs h ig`s agrifn`fsgs.

3. G Drfnth “ F Ca`drh

G drfnth, hsphcéd`cg lf Afihi, ûn`cg pgrth
pgrt h lf crån`f quh nãf à rhcfehrtg
lh cgehbfs, phrignhch i`sthr`fsg.
Shus bóeubfs pgrhchi shr lh pfucg ut`b`lglh.
@ssf bhvg tgbvhz g phnsgr quh g drfnth cfnt`nug g shr f gbtf buogr lh dunïøhs
quh g`nlg nãf cfnahchifs.
Ihtsga, ; hi aherg`cf, à uig ûbt`ig "ihlubg
" ihlubg “ " ng qugb f "grpãf
l`v`nf “ " vhi "gpgogr, sut`b`zgr" f ig`s sut`b.
G drfnth à g`nlg f ûbt`if buogr lh fnlh ngsch () f "puréss`if" “ \sga . 
F "puréss`if" nãf à futrg cf`sg quh f Pfl tftgbihnth hbgefrglf.
Hu l`z`g gnthr`frihnth quh, lhslh g fr`ohi, sfe g dfrig lf "cfrnf lh
Gifn" “ quh hu cagigr`g lh "cfrnf lf Gihn" “, f Pfl hstgvg hnrfbglf
hi ohrih ngs prfdunlhzgs lf càrherf pr`i`t`vf, cagiglf "r`nhncàdgbf", hi
cfiunaãf shcrhtg cfi g gul`ïãf h g v`sãf, chrtgihnth tgieài cfi f
fbdgtf h, shi lûv`lg, nf d`ngb lgs cfntgs, cfi tflfs fs shnt`lfs, quh só
cfnst`tuhi fs gohnths lf "shnsfr`ui lh`" hsshnc`gb lf Afihi.
 

À hbh, hssh "shnsfr`ui lh`" quh ih pgrhch shr f orgnlh grqu`thtf lf cfrpf,
lgnlf dfrig g tulf hi tfrnf lhbh, pgrg Hbh,H bh, f Pfl.
]flhifs `igo`ngr hssh "puréss`if", f Pfl pfr ngschr, gtrgvhssgnlf fs
shus hnvfbtór`fs igtr`c`g`s h erftgnlf cfif "cfif lh furf" lf crån`f lf
Afihi rhgb`zglf, gt`no`nlf Jhtahr, g Cfrfg.
]rhshnth nf `ncfnsc`hnth lfs pfvfs, f "cfrnf
"c frnf lh furf" à phrsfn`d`cglf nfs
i`tfs orhofs pfr ]gbgs Gthng, quh ngsch
ngsc h lf crån`f lh [hus cfehrtg lh ui
hbif lh furf.
Gthng, g `ifrtgb, ngsch lfs gifrhs lh [hus h lh Iàt`s, g Sgehlfr`g, quh
[hus lhvfrfu pgrg lhspfsç-bg.
Gb`ihntf h hspfnsg`s, cfif v`ifs, sãf uig só cf`sg, s`on`d`cgnlf, gqu`, g
ig`s gbtg hnhro`g lg Grvfrh, g Sgehlfr`g,
Sg ehlfr`g, quh, hntrh fs aherhus, à g ûbt`ig
Hnhro`g Afjaiga, gnths lh Jhtahr, g Cfrfg.
Gtrçs lg sug drfnth , igtr`z lg "tflg purg", [hus cgrrhog
c grrhog lurgnth
bfnofs ihshs g lhusg Gthng gss`i cfnche`lg.
Wugnlf g tflg purg cahog g thrif, g l`v`ng cgehïg lh [hus à tfiglg phbgs
lfrhs lf pgrtf.
[hus phlh g Ahdhstf, f dhrrh`rf chbhsth, quh g ofbph`h cfi f shu igcaglf.
Ahdhstf ofbph`g, g drfnth lh [hus sh
s h gerh; Gthng sg`, cfehrtg lh ui hbif
lfurglf,
Lç rhcfehrtg
ui or`tf pfrhuig
lh v`tór`g griglurg
pøh-sh er`bagnth.
g lgnïgr.
F d`baf lh Crfnfs (ifrtgb, d`baf lf \hipf),
\ hipf), tfrnglf lhus, ohrg g `ifrtgb.
Hbh sg` lf \hipbf.
Thst`lf cfi g sug tûn`cg lh buz, cfrfglf lh furf, lç f shu or`tf lh v`tór`g
sferh g ifrth, sferh f thipf, h gb`ihntg-sh, g pgrt`r lh hntãf. lfs drutfs
lg Çrvfrh lg T`lg.
F igcaglf lh Ahdhstf à g bhtrg aherg`cg Wfd , quh lhs`ong g "dgcg lh
p`cgr".
Frg, ng hvfbuïãf d`ourgt`vg lg bhtrg, hncfntrg-sh f lhshnaf lf lupbf
igcaglf, séiefbf cgrf gfs crhthnshs.
F lupbf igcaglf dgz phnlhr, lh dgtf, g cgehïg lf tfurf lh Cnfssf.
S`tuglf hntrh fs lf`s cfrnfs lf gn`igb, hbg à ui s`ngb lh v`tór`g.
F Wfd  aherg`cf thi f vgbfr lh 7==.
À g un`lglh nf pbgnf cósi`cf.
Hssg bhtrg tgieài à séiefbf lh Sgehlfr`g.
F ofbph lh igcaglf rh`nthorg f Afihi ng Xn`lglh l`v`ng.
Nãf t`nag s`lf hssh ihsif [hus[ hus gb`ihntglf cfi f bh`th lg cgerg Gigbtà`g,
ui lh cukfs ca`drhs sh trgnsdfrigrg nf "ca`drh lh geunlånc`g"6
]r`iéc`gs lf ca`drh chbhsth, f ca`drh lg geunlånc`g pfr sug vhz lhu fr`ohi í
cfrehbag lg cgsglg, quh futrfrg sh hnca`g lh prhshnths, s`ng`s lg
iubt`pb`c`lglh ng un`lglh rhcfehrtg phbf cgsgihntf.
G cgsglg hrg, hntãf, cfrfglg cfi f shu hspfsf.
Ca`drh h cfrfg, nf ifihntf lf cgsgihntf,
cgsg ihntf, rhûnhi f ihsif s`iefb`sif
prfdunlf; tflf cgsgihntf auignf à écfnh lf cgsgihntf lh cglg ui lh
nós cfns`of ihsif, pr`ih`rgihnth, pgrg pür nf iunlf g cr`gnïg l`v`ng, f
Pfl, s`iefb`zglf phbf ca`drh, lhpf`s, écfnh lf cgsgihntf lf cr`glf h lf
 @ncr`glf, lf Afihi h lh Lhus, s`iefb`zglf phbg cfrfg.
Nhssh shnt`lf, f ca`drh à g ig`s gbtg ign`dhstgïãf lg dhcunl`lglh h lg
pftënc`g.
À g buz prfiht`lg pfr @sgégs í auign`lglh ng sug rhgb`zgïãf gbài lh
qugbquhr lugb`lglh;

"F thu Sfb nãf vfbtgrç g pür-sh

H g tug Bug nãf i`nougrç
]frquh   shrç pgrg shiprh g tug buz."
(@s, @Q; 5=). 

Sfb h Bug, ]g` h Iãh l`v`nfs, Sgehlfr`g h @nthb`oënc`g, sãf rhgb`zglfs hi

 , ca`drh lh @srghb, quh f sgbi`stg kç cgntgvg, qugnlf g`nlg hstgvg
gphngs hnrfbglf ngs prfdunlhzgs lh Gihn!
"Bfuvg` f Nfih lh  
Hbh hxgbtfu f ca`drh lf shu pfvf
 G hbh f a`nf lh tflfs fs shus d`à`s lh @srghb,
@srghb,
f pfvf lf shu pgrhnthscf."
(S7, CQBT@@@; 7<)

Igs, ng b`nagohi lf rh` Lgv`, cahdh, cgehïg lhssh pfvf, f ca`drh lh @srghb
sh hnl`rh`tg.
H qugnlf Kfãf Egt`stg, f ]rhcursfr, cahog gf iunlf, shu pg`, f orgnlh
sgchrlfth [gcgr`gs, cbgig f shu cgntf lh gbhor`g;
"Ehnl`tf shkg  ,
 , f Lhus lh @srghb,
 pf`s Hbh v`s`tfu h rhsogtfu
rhsogtfu f shu pfvf.
H hr`o`u f ca`drh lg sgbvgïãf ng cgsg lh Lgv`, shu shrv`lfr. "
(Bc, @;41-40)
F ca`drh ihss`ån`cf cfnsuig f shu lhshnvfbv`ihntf ng phssfg lh Cr`stf.
G cfnsuigïãf nf sh`f lh uig dgiéb`g à gphngs ohrih ng l`ihnsãf lf
pfvf, ohrih quh ifrrh ng thrrg pgrg rhssusc`tgr ng l`ihnsãf
l `ihnsãf lh ohrih lf
iunlf ...
Hssh ca`drh kgz nf `ncfnsc`hnth pfpubgr sfe f nfih lh "un`córn`f", iulglf
pgrg "B`cfrnh".
À uig futrg hxprhssãf lf thrch`rf fbaf nf névhb lg drfnth.
d rfnth.
 

B`cfrnh nf gbtf lg cgehïg à "bucgrng" nf thbaglf lh uig cgsg, bucgrng

cagiglg g`nlg "fbaf-lh-ef`", f quh cfnd`rig g b`ogïãf lf ca`drh, lf fbaf h
lg buz. 

<. Fs Cgehbfs h g Cfrfg

Fs cgehbfs, cfif gs unags, nf névhb lf cfrpf auignf, sãf dh`tfs lfs
ihsifs hbhihntfs e`fquéi`cfs quh fs cfrnfs lfs gn`ig`s.
Hbhs sãf fs rg`fs chbhsths, rgézhs phbgs qug`s lhschi gtà f Afihi gs
hnhro`gs l`v`ngs h f pflhr quh bah lç v`lg:
v `lg: rg`fs quh sh tfrngi fs rgifs
lh sug grefrhscënc`g hi shu pfntf ig`s gbtf.
Fs cgehbfs sãf séiefbf lg dfrïg l`v`ng.
G a`stór`g lh Sgnsãf `bustrg igon`d`cgihnth g prfdunl`lglh lhstg rhgb`lglh
(Kz, Q@T).
Cfnsgorglf g Lhus lhslh f ngsc`ihntf, Sgnsãf "kgig`s v`u uig thsfurg
pgssgr sferh sug cgehïg".
Sug dfrïg cfnst`tuég f thrrfr lf "glvhrsçr`f", s`iefb`zglf
s `iefb`zglf gqu` phbfs
d`b`sthus.
]grg lfi`ngr hssh glvhrsçr`f, Sgnsãf cgsg-sh cfi hbh.
Hncfntrgifs gé g bh` quh prhs`l`rç g Ferg hi Nhorf.
Hstg à ig`s n`t`lgihnth s`on`d`cglg g`nlg qugnlf Sgnsãf d`cg chof.
Hnd`i, hbh ifrrh sgcul`nlf gs lugs cfbungs sferh gs qug`s sh bhvgntgvg g
cgsg lfs d`b`sthus; hstãf gqu` fs lf`s póbfs lg lugb`lglh quh lhsifrfngi.
Gn`iglf pfr uig dfrïg l`v`ng, cfnt`lg hi shus cgehbfs, pr`iéc`gs lg cfrfg,
Sgnsãf gssuih ng ifrth ui gsphctf
gsp hctf lg pr`ih`rg pgrth lgs nûpc`gs lh
@srghb h lh shu Lhus.
Hstgifs bhierglfs lh quh ng pgssgohi phbg "]frtg lfs Afihns", fs r`ns
s`iefb`zgi g dfrïg.
Hstgifs bhierglfs tgieài quh, pgrg fs ca`nhshs, "fs r`ns dbfrhschi nfs
cgehbfs!"
Grefrhscënc`g, dbfrgïãf; s`i, fs cgehbfs sãf tulf `ssf.
Hxpgnsãf lg sh`vg, sãf g dbfr lg shxugb`lglh.
Dgbgnlf lf cgehbf lgs iubahrhs, f gpóstfbf ]gubf hvfcg g phrturegïãf quh
hbhs pflhi prfvfcgr hntrh fs gnkfs...
"Fs cgehbfs lg iubahr sãf g obór`g lf afihi", l`z hbh, hnqugntf quh "fs
cgehbfs lf afihi sãf g obór`g lh Lhus."
Uhcfihnlg, tgieài, quh f afihi lhscuerg g cgehïg c gehïg qugnlf frg h quh g
iubahr d`quh lh cgehïg cfehrtg (@ Cfr, Q@).
G cgbvéc`h “ hi aherg`cf Whrhag   “ thi cfif s`nün`ifs f ohbf, g
ohbh`rg.
Frg, sh g cgehbh`rg, nf gbtf lg cgehïg, s`iefb`zg g dfrïg h f cfrfgihntf lg
shxugb`lglh, à `nthrhssgnth nftgr quh, nf bglf fpfstf, nf dunlf lg lhsc`lg
gfs `ndhrnfs, gbouns v`gkgnths, cfif Lgnth, hncfntrgi f igr lh ohbf,
séiefbf lh lhsnulgihntf tftgb.
]hnsf quh sh trgtg lh uig hxphr`ënc`g gnçbfog íquhbg quh Sgnsãf cfnahch
qugnlf, lurgnth g nf`th lh sug "Ferg hi Nhorf", un`nlf-sh g Lgb`bg “ 
iubahr cukf nfih tgieài hstç b`oglf í Nf`th “ à tfsqu`glf pfr hbg.
 Gs "shth trgnïgs" lh shus cgehbfs sãf cfrtglgs.
Hbh
Frg,hstç cgbvf, pr`vglf
f Egrlf-\aôlfb lg sug dfrïg.
gcfnshbag íquhbh quh lhvh vfbtgr lg ifrglg lfs
ifrtfs, pgrg ngschr lh nfvf, pgrg "gdgstgr-sh lg igtr`z sgisçr`cg", l`r`o`r-
sh pgrg "f Uh`nf lg suprhig Dhb`c`lglh", fu shkg, "pgrg f Uh`nf lg lhnsg
cfnchntrgïãf, fu f Uh`nf lfs-quh-pfssuhi-cgehbfs-bfnofs".

F quh sãf g "ihcag lh Iç" lfs çrgehs h g trgnïg trgl`c`fngb lfs ca`nhshs,
shnãf f rg`f lh buz quh fs b`og gf Càu h f sut`b prfbfnogihntf lg cfbung
vhrthergb6
\flfs fs i`tfs rhbgc`fnglfs cfi fs cgehbfs tëi ui shnt`lf sgorglf.
Hsshs r`tfs, `ncr`vhbihnth nuihrfsfs gtrgvàs lf thipf h lf hspgïf, vãf lh
ui s`ipbhs ohstf s`ieób`cf g tflf ui grshngb lh prfchssfs iço`cfs cukgs
d`ngb`lglhs hstãf n`t`lgihnth b`oglgs í shxugb`lglh lh frlhi prfdgng.

F cgehbf, f pëbf “ hi aherg`cf Shgr   , à f "]rénc`ph", f ]r`ncép`f

“ ] r`ncép`f  
`ipbgntglf
"Fs cgehbfs ng "dfnth"  lf
hnrgézgi-sh nfsshr.
r`ns", igs sh hxpgnlhi ng cfrfg.
G pgbgvrg Shgr , quh lhs`ong f cgehbf, f pëbf, tgieài lhs`ong ui
afiün`if; Sggr, f "ihlf", f "thifr" (f grrhp`f l`gnth lf Sgorglf).
Wugnlf shnth ihlf “ quh nglg ig`s à lf quh f rhdbhxf cgr`cgturgb lf
ihlf l`gnth lf Sgorglf “, f shr auignf vë shu pëbf hr`ïgr-sh, shus
cgehbfs sh bhvgntgrhi: cfif gnthngs hsthnl`lgs,
hs thnl`lgs, hbh hstç í hsphrg lh uig
`ndfrigïãf quh pflhrç sgbvç-bf lh ui gcfnthc`ihntf sferh f qugb hbh nãf
thi lfién`f.
À ui dgtf iu`tf cfnahc`lf lfs e`óbfofs quh fs pëbfs lfs gn`ig`s sãf sã f
vhrlglh`rgs gnthngs quh, qugnlf bhvgntglgs, nfs `ndfrigi h nfs tfrngi
shnsévh`s g v`ergïøhs `nd`n`tgihnth sut`s hi cfipgrgïãf gf quh rhstg lh
 cgpgc`lglh rhchpt`vg nf Afihi iflhrnf, iu`tf pgrt`cubgrihnth nf
Fc`lhnth.
G cr`gturg auigng, tgb cfif g vhifs, pgrhch, gb`çs, thr phrl`lf fs pëbfs h
fs cgehbfs nf lhcfrrhr lfs thipfs, í ihl`lg quh hbg `g sh tfrngnlf fpgcg
gf L`v`nf h, pfr `ssf, gfs
gf s iunlfs quh g rflh`gi h quh hbg `onfrg quh
cgrrhog lhntrf lh s`.

Hi cfntrgpgrt`lg, hx`sthi cgsfs lh phssfgs quh t`nagi f lfi lh

cbgr`v`lënc`g h cukf s`sthig p`bfsf hrg cfns`lhrgvhbihnth
c fns`lhrgvhbihnth lhshnvfbv`lf hi
lhthri`nglgs pgrths lf cfrpf.
Sgeh-sh quh f crhsc`ihntf lgs unags h lfs cgehbfs cfnt`nug ehi lhpf`s lg
ifrth e`fbóo`cg h `ssf pgrhch fehlhchr g ui hstéiubf
hs téiubf e`fohnàt`cf l`dhrhnth
lgquhbh quh prhs`lh g v`lg lfs futrfs thc`lfs.
thc `lfs.
Bhvgnlf hi cfntg g dgeubgïãf pfpubgr, sgehifs quh sãf iu`tgs gs bhnlgs
“ frg, nhbgs shiprh hncfntrgifs uig pgrth lf cfnthûlf vhrlglh`rf “ quh

nfs cfntgi dhnüihnfs lhssg frlhi, pgrt`cubgrihnth ng v`lg lfs l fs sgntfs. 

"Nãf sh l`z, rhbgtg f lfutfr Bgrcahr, quh g egreg lh Sgntf Auehrtf nãf
 pçrg lh crhschr h quh tflf gnf, nf l`g lh sug
sug dhstg, f sgcr`stãf thi lh
dgzhr-bah g egreg6"  
F Fr`hnth, tgntf f cr`stãf cfif f iuïubignf, pflhr`g prhstgr iu`tfs
thsthiunafs rhbgt`vfs g gngcfrhtgs lhscfehrtfs nf dunlf lh sugs orutgs
lhpf`s lh ifrtfs aç iu`tf thipf, ís vhzhs lhpf`s lh gnfs; fs cgehbfs h gs
unags agv`gi cfnt`nuglf g crhschr.
Hssh dhnüihnf cfiui shr`g gchntuglf nfs shrhs
s hrhs quh gt`no`rgi uig gbtg
hvfbuïãf h cukfs cfrpfs, hi gbouns cgsfs,
c gsfs, dfrgi hncfntrglfs hi phrdh`tf
hstglf lh cfnshrvgïãf lhpf`s lg ifrth6
Nhssg pr`ih`rg a`póthsh, g geunlånc`g lfs cgehbfs
c gehbfs hstgr`g b`oglg í
sgnt`lglh (fu g hstglfs sgtån`cfs quh bah sãf afióbfofs nf póbf
nhogt`vf)6
Hssg quhstãf ihrhchr`g ui hstulf iu`tf pgrt`cubgr.

G pgbgvrg "cgehbh`rg", ]hrg  hntrh fs ngzgrhnfs, à cfnst`tuélg lgs

ihsigs bhtrgs-hnhro`gs quh Gpagr , f "pó", quh, cfif v`ifs, à f
hstglf lf Afihi ng sug iubt`pb`c`lglh, nf `néc`f lf shu crhsc`ihntf.
Kç hstulgifs f shu shnt`lf nf s`iefb`sif
s `iefb`sif lfs kfhbafs, cukgs phquhngs
cfrfgs, nf ngsc`ihntf lf Afihi, kç prfihthi g sug ûn`cg cfrfg.
Nf névhb lg cgehïg, g cgehbh`rg à hssg cfrfg: g iubt`pb`c`lglh-pó tfrnfu-sh
un`lglh.
G ihsig pgbgvrg  ng prfnunc`glg  ‑]grf‐  s`on`d`cg
 s`on`d`cg "pür g nu, t`rgr f drh`f,
bgrogr gs ràlhgs"...
F Afihi cfrfglf à, lh dgtf, tftgbihnth b`ehrtglf pfrquh sh tfifu
shihbagnth h hncfntrfu shus grquàt`pfs.

F gngrqu`stg à gquhbh quh phnsg hstgr b`vrh pfrquh rhkh`tfu qugbquhr

grquàt`pf.
Sug cgehbh`rg à rhehblh, nhnauig frlhi g prhs`lh: afkh, sug própr`g cfr ís
vhzhs à cafcgnth.
Wugnlf hbh sh prhnlh phbfs grquàt`pfs, sug cgehbh`rg tfig g dfrig lh uig
cr`stg: hbg à ui ca`drh `ncfnsc`hnth.
Gf cfntrçr`f lhssg hxprhssãf lh uig lhiënc`g `ndgnt`b, uig cgehbh`rg ehi
grruiglg frlhng-sh shounlf ui lhshnaf quh cfnst`tu` ui l`glhig.
Sh Igr`g Iglgbhng, cfi fs cgehbfs, hnxuog fs pàs lh Cr`stf, quh ifbafu
cfi sugs bçor`igs, sh hbg fs unoh lh phrduihs, sh à hbg g`nlg quh, ng
 nf`th lg ]çscfg, hspgbag sferh fs cgehbfs lh Cr`stf "ui phrduih lh ngrlf
vhrlglh`rf lh orgnlh vgbfr" (Ic, Q@T;3), hbg à vhrlglh`rgihnth g
auign`lglh quh vfbtg pgrg f shu vhrlglh`rf hspfsf.

Hbg à gquhbg quh kfog sug cgehbh`rg

c gehbh`rg gfs shus pàs, g quh quherg f vgsf lh
gbgegstrf quh hbg à qugnlf, tftgbihnth rhgb`zglg, ifrrh pgrg hxgbgr f shu
s hu
phrduih.
]fr tflg hthrn`lglh f Hspfsf l`v`nf hsphrg g auign`lglh, sug hspfsg, pgrg
cfrfç-bg.
"]rfchssg` vfssg iãh, hxcbgigvg Hbh, dgbgnlf lhbg phbg efcg lf prfdhtg
Fsà`gs, ]rfchssg`!
]f`s hbg nãf à ig`s i`nag iubahr
h hu nãf sfu ig`s shu igr`lf
...
Nãf thrh` cfipg`xãf lfs shus d`bafs
 pf`s sãf d`bafs lg prfst`tu`ïãf!" (Fs,
(Fs, @@; 5-<)

Igs f Shu gifr à ig`s dfrth lf quh tulf, h h`s quh phbg efcg lf ihsif
prfdhtg, f Hspfsf l`z;
"H`s quh g gtrg`rh`
h g cfnluz`rh` gf lhshrtf
h dgbgrh` gf shu cfrgïãf.
...
Hu th lhspfsgrh` g i`i pgrg shiprh,
Hu th lhspfsgrh` g i`i ng kust`ïg
h nf kuézf, ng orgïg h ng thrnurg .." (Fs, @@; 74-57). 

]hbg efcg lh @sgégs, hbh prfsshouh;

"Shrçs uig cfrfg rhspbgnlhchnth ngs iãfs lf thu Shnafr, ui turegnth
rhgb ng iãf lf thu Lhus" (@s, BQ@@; 3).  
"Së d`hb gtà g ifrth" , l`z Hbh g`nlg phbf shu prfdhtg lf Gpfcgb`psh, Kfãf, f
ehi-giglf; "Së d`hb gtà g ifrth h hu th lgrh` g cfrfg lg v`lg."  
(Gp, @@; 7=). 
Ng ig`s sueb`ih v`sãf, Kfãf rhbgtg quh "gpgrhchu nf càu ui orgnlh s`ngb;
uig iubahr vhst`lg lh Sfb, g Bug sfe fs shus pàs h uig cfrfg lh lfzh
hstrhbgs sferh g sug cgehïg".
(Gp, Q@@; 7).
G \rgl`ïãf cr`stã, pgrg hnchrrgr f gnf b`tûro`cf, chbherg g rhgb`zgïãf lg
auign`lglh-hspfsg nf cfrfgihntf lg T`rohi.
Hbhvglg gf càu phbg iãf lfs gnkfs, l`z g \rgl`ïãf, g T`rohi-Iãh tfig-sh
Hspfsg.
À cfrfglg phbgs iãfs lf Hspfsf. Hbg à g auign`lglh rhgb`zglg.
Hbg à gs pr`iéc`gs lh cglg ui lh nós.

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth 57

G ignlfrbg

G Orgnlh Ferg hstç rhgb`zglg.

G hspfsg, cfrfglg, hntrg nf qugrtf lf Hspfsf,
Hspfs f, cukf Hspér`tf g dhcunlg.
Hbg sh hier`gog cfi sugs lhbéc`gs.
Nãf sgehifs ig`s nglg, g nãf shr quh f Afihi ubtrgpgssfu Jhtahr.
Hbh hntrfu ngs \rhvgs trgnschnlhnths lf G`n.
]f`s hstg à g sug orgnlhzg; shr cfnahc`lf Lgquhbh Wuh sh lhd`nh cfif S Shr
hr
(Hx, 777;7<), igs Wuh bhvg g Hspfsg, dfrg lh qugbquhr lhd`n`ïãf, gf própr`f
cfrgïãf, kgig`s gt`no`lf, lf Nãf-Shr.
Lh Phsfl, f "Shorhlf l`v`nf", g \`pahrhta,
\ `pahrhta, gs "Orgnlhs \rhvgs l`v`ngs", h
lhpf`s gbài lh Jhtahr, ng cåigrg rhgb quh só f "Nglg" pflh rhtrgtgr, f
Afihi cfnahchu nûpc`gs cglg vhz ig`s gulgc`fsgs, cglg vhz ig`s
i`sthr`fsgs.
H n`nouài pflh dgbgr g rhsph`tf, g nãf shr s hr quhi gs v`vhu.
H kç v`ifs cfif nfssf fuv`lf hstç pfucf prhpgrglf pgrg rhchehr tgb
cfnd`lënc`g.
Uhchehifs shihbagnth cfnd`lënc`g6
Nós zfiegifs lh nós ihsifs, nós nfs `nsuro`ifs cfntrg.
Cfi Agi, nãf trgéifs f shorhlf lh Nfà6
Gf bglf lfs kulhus, nãf nfs hscgnlgb`zgifs cfi g hier`gouhz lfs
Gpóstfbfs nf l`g lf ]hnthcfsths, qugnlf f Hspér`tfHs pér`tf Sgntf phnhtrfu nhbhs
sfe g dfrig lh Bénougs lh Dfof6
Nãf sfrr`ifs lf "iést`cf", cfif lf "`bui`nglf",
" `bui`nglf", qugb`d`cgt`vfs tftgbihnth
lhsvgbfr`zglfs hi nfssg cfnsc`ënc`g fc`lhntgb6
]f`s à ig`s dçc`b hscgnlgb`zgr-sh fu zfiegr lgquhbhs cukg hxphr`ënc`g nfssg
ihl`fcr`lglh nfs tfig `ncgpgzhs lh phnhtrgr h lh quhi nfssg nfs sg nhchss`lglh
lh shourgnïg nfs dgz duo`r pfr cgusg lh sugs pfucf cfndfrtçvh`s prfpfstgs.
F r`sf fu g cóbhrg sãf fs ûn`cfs ih`fs lh quh f afihi `ipurf l`spøh pgrg
sh b`ehrtgr lg rhssfnånc`g quh nhbh hncfntrg f I`stàr`f
I `stàr`f lg Xn`ãf.
H hnthnlhifs pfr "`ipurf" gquhbh quh d`cg dhcaglf hi sug vhrlglh`rg
vfcgïãf.
Igs giegs hssgs gt`tulhs igtgi g v`lg.
G v`lg, tgntf hi shu ohrih cfif hi shu lhv`r, à un`ãf lh lf`s "pgrg dgzhr
f i`bgorh lg cf`sg ung", l`z`g Ahrihs, gnths ihsif quh f gpóstfbf ]gubf,
gf hxcbgigr; "Hsth i`stàr`f à orgnlh!" (Hd, T; 35), thnag quhr`lf trgluz`r g
ihsig rhgb`lglh dgbgnlf lh Cr`stf h lg @orhkg.@ orhkg.
F i`bgorh df` rhgb`zglf, igs "f i`stàr`f
i `stàr`f cfnt`nug fcubtf gfs hspér`tfs
`ipurfs".
F cgrrf lh @srghb bhvg g Hspfsg gtà f \rfnf l`v`nf.
"Xi cgrrf lh dfof h cgvgbfs
cgvg bfs lh dfof" grrgncgi Hb`gs lg \hrrg. \ hrrg.
"Hb`gs sfeh gf càu nf ih`f lh ui ture`baãf" (@@ Us, 77).
"Gc`ig lf Càu quh d`cgvg `i`nhnth í sug cgehïg, agv`g gbof shihbagnth g
uig phlrg lh sgd`rg, hi dfrig lh \rfnf. H sferh hssg dfrig lh \rfnf
 gpgrhc`g cfif quh uig d`ourg lh afihi cfbfcglg gc`ig, nf gbtf . 
"T` g`nlg cfif ui erfnzh pfb`lf, cfif ui dfof lhntrf lf qugb hstgvg hssh
afihi, h quh er`bagvg tflf gf rhlfr. Lhslh g dfrig lh shus r`ns gtà f gbtf
h, lhslh g dfrig lh shus r`ns gtà hieg`xf, v` cfif ui dfof h cfif uig
buz rhspbgnlhchnth lh quh hbh hstgvg rflhglf. Cfif f gsphctf
gsp hctf lf grcf quh
hstç ng nuvhi nui l`g lh cauvg, gss`i hrg f gsphctf lhssg buz

rhspbgnlhchnth quh f rflhgvg. Hrg uig `igohi lg Obór`g l`v`ng" (Hz, @;

54-51).

G obór`g lf Afihi à s`iefb`zglg phbg ignlfrbg quh hnvfbvh f cfrpf lh

Cr`stf hi igkhstglh, cfif f lfs sgntfs fu lfs eulgs ngs l`vhrsgs
trgl`ïøhs `cfnforçd`cgs rhb`o`fsgs.
G ignlfrbg à g "giënlfg frbglg", `stf à, g quh sh gerh pgrg g Buz.
Gs lugs giënlfgs (giéolgbgs), quh kç agv`gi sgbvglf f Afihi í hntrglg
lf ûbt`if pgbçc`f, hncfntrgi-sh lh nfvf gqu` nf "i`bgorh
"i `bgorh lg cf`sg ung",
hnvfbvhnlf lh buz f cfrpf lf Afihi lh`d`cglf.
G gihnlfh`rg sh `ncbu` hntrh hssgs nuihrfsgs hssënc`gs
hs sënc`gs lh çrvfrhs h
greustfs vhnhrglfs pr`ih`rf hnqugntf b`oglfs í nfïãf lh "çrvfrh
" çrvfrh vhrlh",
séiefbf lg cahoglg lf "Afihi vhrihbaf" g sug s ug rhgb`zgïãf l`v`ng: igs
hbgs f sãf tgieài pfr sugs v`rtulhs pgrt`cubgrhs.
G Drgnïg h fs pgéshs càbt`cfs sgcrgb`zgi f cgrvgbaf pfr sug rfeusthz h
v`r`b`lglh.
Hbhs vhnhrgi `ougbihnth f gzhv`naf h f p`nah`rf pfr sug `ifrtgb`lglh; sug
dfbagohi nãf iurcag.
Frg, hssgs trës çrvfrhs, cfi g bgrgnkh`rg, hifblurgi g "Lgig lf B`cfrnh",
hi cglg uig lgs sh`s tgphïgr`gs hxhcutglgs pgrg g obór`g lhssh gn`igb
dgeubfsf, cukf s`iefb`sif gefrlh` gnthr`frihnth.
Fs drutfs lg bgrgnkh`rg sãf fs dgifsfs "pfifs lh furf" quh gpgrhchi hi
tgntfs cfntfs fu i`tfs.
Cfntrgpfntf lf "pfif" quh g trgl`ïãf frgb trgnsdfrifu nf drutf lg Çrvfrh
lf Cfnahc`ihntf lf Ehi h lf Igb, f "pfif lh furf" à f pfif lg Çrvfrh
lg T`lg.
Nhssg phrsphct`vg, g bgrgnkh`rg à g çrvfrh lgs nûpc`gs lg auign`lglh cfi
Lhus: g cfrfg lh dbfrhs lh bgrgnkh`rg, f l`glhig lg lhspfsglg.
H hssh ûbt`if séiefbf hrg v`v`lf, aç pfucf thipf g`nlg, nf `nthr`fr lg
Drgnïg, fnlh nãf sh chbhergvg nhnaui cgsgihntf
cgs gihntf shi quh g nf`vg, ng
dgbtg lh uig cfrfg lh dbfrhs lh bgrgnkh`rg, usgssh phbf ihnfs ui euquë
lhssgs dbfrhs “ futrf séiefbf lg cfrnucóp`g.

G gihnlfh`rg thi f ihsif s`on`d`cglf lg bgrgnkh`rg, nf shnt`lf lh quh,

çrvfrh ifnó`cg, sug dbfr à igscub`ng h dhi`n`ng.
Nf "Afihi vhrlh", hbg à f séiefbf lg gnlrfo`n`g
gn lrfo`n`g pr`ifrl`gb cfnqu`stglg.
\hnlf ubtrgpgssglf g lugb`lglh lfs shxfs, thnlf cfnqu`stglf g un`lglh, f
Afihi hstç prfntf pgrg shr `ntrfluz`lf ng cåigrg nupc`gb.
G dbfr lg gihnlfh`rg, `riã lg hobgnt`ng h lg rfsg, hstç cgrrhoglg lhssh
ihsif s`iefb`sif quh à cgntglf ngs rfsçchgs lh nfssgs cgthlrg`s;
cgsgihntf lf igcrfcfsif cfi f i`crfcfsif, lf Càu cfi g \hrrg, hbgs
dbgihkgi cfi g Buz h f Dfof lf Gifr L`v`nf Wuh quh`ig h nãf cfnsfih.
@r gf chntrf lg rfsg à rhtfigr gf Xi.
"Wugnlf g gihnlfh`rg dbfrhsch... F Afihi vfbtg g sugs ug ifrglg hthrng"
(Hcb, Q@@@; ?).
G Hthrn`lglh, f Fr`hnth, à g pgbgvrg aherg`cg Whlhi  (7==-<-4==), quh
 v`ifs shr g lh Glãf (7-<-4==) hi futrg f`tgvg.
F nfih lg gihnlfh`rg  Sahqhl  (3==-7==-<)  fu, gnths, f lh shu
“ “

gngorgig, f sgntf  Wglfsa  (7==-<-3==)  tgieài hstç ehi

“ “

próx`if lhbh; f Sa`n (3==) suest`tu`u f Ihi d`ngb (4==).

@ntrfluzgifs futrf Sa`n nf cfrgïãf lg giënlfg h hncfntrgrhifs f

Fr`hnth, f Glãf `ifrtgb (7== “ 3== “ <) + (3==).
Hncfntrg-sh gé, gf quh ih pgrhch, f shnt`lf prfdunlf lf écfnh quh
rhprhshntg Cr`stf obfr`fsf hnvfbtf hi sug ignlfrbg, g giënlfg; Cr`stf à,
hntãf, f Sa`n v`vhnth.
Hnqugntf séiefbf tr`n`tçr`f, igs tgieài hnqugntf "lhnth", séiefbf lg
"phlrg gnoubgr", f Sa`n, nf Cr`stf obfr`fsf, unh-sh g shu grquàt`pf.
G Grcg lg gb`gnïg, nf Gnt`of \hstgihntf, kç cfnt`nag hssh séiefbf; f
cgnlhbgerf lh sh`s ergïfs, cukg dfrig hrg g lh lf`s Sa`n un`lfs, t`nag sferh
cglg ui lhsshs ergïfs "trës cçb`chs hi dfrig lh giënlfg".
Nfthifs, nf ihsif thxtf, quh "lf gbtgr dh`tf dh `tf lh iglh`rg lh cçc`g sgégi
ca`drhs" (Hx, QQQT@@; 58).
G cçc`g, çrvfrh sgorglg pfr hxchbënc`g,
hxc hbënc`g, tgieài à ifnó`cg, séiefbf, gqu`,
lg gnlrfohn`g cfnqu`stglg lgnlf ui drutf l`v`nf.
Sh g giënlfg à f drutf
d rutf l`v`nf quh s`iefb`zg, nãf só g `ifrtgb`lglh, igs
sferhtulf g hthrn`lglh lf Afihi, hbg à hsshnc`gbihnth ui drutf lh buz.
Frg, g bénoug aherg`cg prfpøh-nfs futrg pgbgvrg pgrg lhs`ongr g giënlfg;
Buz  cukf afiün`if Bfz s`on`d`cg "pfstf í pgrth".

Hssh s`on`d`cglf
F sgorglf à gquh
à gqu`bf rg`zàlg `là`gílf
pfstf sgorglf.
pgrth, quh à gdgstglf lf vubogr (pfrquh
só sh tfrng vubogr, prfdgnf, f quh df` shpgrglf lf sgorglf).
Hssh dgtf à tãf `nthrhssgnth quh Uhnà Ouànfn, rhbgtgnlf uig trgl`ïãf
qgeegbést`cg, nfs l`z; "G pgbgvrg Buz à f nfih lglf g futrg pgrtécubg
cfrpórhg `nlhstrutévhb, rhprhshntglg s`iefb`cgihnth cfif ui fssf
luréss`if, gf qugb g gbig hstgr`g b`oglg lhpf`s lg ifrth gtà g rhssurrh`ïãf.
]hbf lhshnvfbv`ihntf lg Junlgb`n`, hssg zfng lhsphrtg h sh lhshnvfbvh
 pgrg gt`no`r fs l`dhrhnths cagjrgs h, lhpf`s, f \hrch`rf Fbaf..."  
 Hnqugntf cfbung vhrthergb lf iunlf, @srghb pgrth lg c`lglh lh Buz, ng
qugb, lurgnth g nf`th (\rhvgs lf tr`ånoubf `ndhr`fr), Kgcfe thi g v`sãf lg

 
Hscglg. Frg, hntrh tflfs fs s`on`d`cglfs s`ieób`cfs lh quh sh rhvhsth hstg
hscglg quh sfeh lg \hrrg gf Càu “ h lhsch lf Càu í \hrrg “ hncfntrg-sh,
hsshnc`gbihnth, f lhsphrtgr lg Junlgb`n`.
Wugnlf Kgcfe gcfrlg, hbh lç gf buogr nf qugb pgssfu g nf`th f nfih lh
Ehtahb, quh quhr l`zhr "Cgsg lh Lhus"
Lhus " (nfth-sh quh g ihsig pgbgvrg,
Ehtayb, shrvh pgrg lhs`ongr g hsihrgblg!).
Wugntf g Buz, nfih pr`i`t`vf lg c`lglh, pgrhch quh Kgcfe `rç bhvç-bg gofrg
g ui futrf lhorgu lg Hscglg...
G rg`z Buz hstç b`oglg íquhbg lh fnlh sãf t`rglgs, ngs bénougs chbtf-
fcc`tgn`cgs, gs pgbgvrgs  ‑bux‐  ("Buz",
 ("Buz", hi bgt`i),  ‑Buo‐  (nfih
 (nfih lh ui lhus
chbtg), Bucgs, Bulfv`cf, htc., prhnfihs b`oglfs í `là`g lh buz.
Lhvh-sh nftgr quh, nf s`iefb`sif cr`stãf, f gn`igb quh cfrrhspfnlh gf
oën`f lf Hvgnohb`stg Bucgs à f tfurf.

Buz, g giënlfg bhvglg hi ohrih ng sug cgscg, s`iefb`cgihnth, ng egsh

lg cfbung vhrthergb, lhshnvfbvhu-sh pgrg gt`no`r tflfs fs hscgbøhs lgs
trhvgs: hbg quherfu g cgscg.
Cfif Cr`stf sg`nlf lf tûiubf, f Afihi tfrnfu-sh Buz.
Ûbt`ig ign`dhstgïãf lf cfrpf, nf b`i`th lf `igthr`gb, g ignlfrbg, fvf lh
buz, prhssupøh gs suchss`vgs ohrgïøhs lf Afihi quh ngsch lh s` ihsif
pgrg s` ihsif nf i`stàr`f cglg vhz ig`s `ncfonfscévhb lf gifr.
Hbh vg` ruif gf G`n-Sfpa Gfr, gf G`n-Sfpa, gf G`n, gf Nglg...

Cfnt`nug
 

F S`iefb`sif lf Cfrpf Auignf –  ]grth D`ngb

Cfncbusãf

H`s f cfrpf tgb cfif f v`, tgb cfif f shnt`.

\hnaf cfnsc`ënc`g lgs bgcungs `ipfrtgnths quh cfipfrtg f hstulf quh
gcgegifs lh dgzhr, bgcungs lhv`lgs, hi efg pgrth, pfr chrtf, í hxthnsãf
lfs thigs quh `onfrf, fu lh quh nãf thnaf hxphr`ënc`g, igs tgieài ís
nuihrfsgs "c`rcunc`søhs" ís qug`s t`vh lh sueihthr-ih gf hscrhvhr hsth
hstulf.
Hbh tgieài crhschu cfif uig çrvfrh h, pgrg quh g sh`vg pulhssh erftgr
sud`c`hnthihnth hsphssg, shi sh lh`xgr "ehehr" phbfs `nûihrfs rgifs
shcunlçr`fs quh g sfb`c`tgvgi, fehlhc` í bh` shounlf g qugb "g çrvfrh lhvh
shr pflglg pgrg quh lë drutf".

Hrg orgnlh f phr`of lh dgzhr lh cglg rgif uig çrvfrh hi s`, h lh fdhrhchr
gf bh`tfr g `nhxtr`cçvhb igtg lh uig dbfrhstg v`rohi.
Gofrg quh f trfncf chntrgb lg çrvfrh dbfrhschu h lhu shus drutfs, lhshkf
quh cglg rgif cfrtglf shkg rhcfba`lf, pfr i`i fu pfr futrfs, g d`i lh quh
shus trfncfs, ehi ou`glfs, pfssgi dgzhr hcbfl`r sug gli`rçvhb r`quhzg.
]f`s, sh cglg ui lfs óroãfs lf cfrpf thi shu s`on`d`cglf prfdunlf “ fs
quh hstulh` dfrgi tãf pfucfs “, gs rhbgïøhs hx`sthnths hntrh hbhs tgieài
tëi sug `ipfrtånc`g: h nãf gefrlh` hssh thig!
Cfif sh vë, f trgegbaf à `ihnsf.
H sh à `ihnsf nf pbgnf lg phsqu`sg, à `nd`n`tgihnth ig`fr h ig`s urohnth
nf pbgnf lg hxphr`ënc`g.
Cahoglf gé, pgrhch quh à lh cgp`tgb `ipfrtånc`g rhsogtgr g a`pfthcg quh
phsfu “ h g`nlg phsg “ tãf dfrthihnth sferh g sfc`hlglh auigng h f
`nl`véluf lf Fc`lhnth phbg `là`g lh quh sh `iprhonfu chrtg cgthquhsh, `là`g
shounlf g qugb f cfrpf shr`g ui `nstruihntf lh phrl`ïãf.
Frg, f cfrpf à f ig`s igrgv`bafsf `nstruihntf lh nfssg rhgb`zgïãf.
Hbh rhprhshntg, pr`ih`rf, uig b`nougohi.
Hssg b`nougohi quh gcgegifs lh thntgr lhc`drgr `ndfrig-nfs lh ui
prforgig g shr rhgb`zglf.
]hbg b`nougohi lg lfhnïg, hbh nfs prhv`nh lh quh tfigifs f cgi`naf
hrrglf.
Lhpf`s, hntrh gs iãfs lf ferh`rf quh sfifs, hbh à gf ihsif thipf g
igtàr`g-pr`ig g pgrt`r lg qugb trgegbagifs, g dhrrgihntg h f rhc`p`hnth lf
trgegbaf.
Igs, cu`lglf!
Sh nfs lht`vhrifs gphngs nhstg phrsphct`vg tr`ng, cfrrhrhifs f orgnlh
r`scf lh rhluz`r f cfrpf g ui pgphb lh fekhtf.
Gf ihsif thipf hi quh hbh à hssh `nstruihntf, hssg b`nougohi, hssg
igtàr`g-pr`ig, hbh à hsshnc`gbihnth f Afihi, f hncfntrf lf cfrpf, lg
gbig h lf hspér`tf.
Cglg ui lh nós à f shu cfrpf h, s`iubtgnhgihnth, sug gbig h shu hspér`tf,
 h `ssf lh dfrig `nshpgrçvhb.
H g ihnfr pgrth lf cfrpf cgrrhog g tftgb`lglh lf afihi “ cfrpf, gbig h
hspér`tf “ í `igohi lh cglg uig lgs Shpa`rfta quh, hiefrg l`st`ntgs
uigs lgs futrgs, cfntài g tftgb`lglh lg Xn`lglh l`v`ng.
Cfrtgr uig pgrth lf cfrpf à iut`bgr g un`lglh lf Afihi, sug agrifn`g.
Grrgncgr ui lhnth, prfchlhr í hxtrgïãf lgs giéolgbgs...

Hx`sth gbof gpgrhnthihnth ig`s ehn`onf6

S`i, gpgrhnthihnth...
Sgeh-sh, h kç `ns`st` n`ssf, quh qugnlf dgbf lh ui óroãf nãf dgbf
un`cgihnth lhssh óroãf hi s`, igs hsshnc`gbihnth lg sug dunïãf quh vfbtg
í chng nf névhb lh cglg càbubg lf cfrpf, hnqugntf hstg à, hi pftënc`g, ui
cfrpf tftgb.
Wugnlf sh prfchlh í hxtrgïãf lh ui óroãf, sug dunïãf nãf lhsgpgrhch
tftgbihnth, igs nãf sh pflh nhogr quh hbg à cfns`lhrgvhbihnth dhr`lg gtà
g sug l`ihnsãf ig`s sut`b.
G c`ruro`g gtà afkh nãf phrchehu quh cfrtgr ui vhsécubg e`b`gr l`z`g rhsph`tf
gf cfrgïãf lg dunïãf lh rhgb`zgïãf lf shr.
Hbg g`nlg nãf susph`tg lh quh dgzhr uig `nc`sãf ng phbh, shcc`fngnlf ui
ihr`l`gnf lhscr`tf phbg trgl`ïãf ca`nhsg, à lhstru`r hi prfdunl`lglh
trgkhtfs hnhroàt`cfs. Hbg nãf sgeh quh chrtgs lfrhs sãf `n`c`çt`cgs, `stf à,
b`oglgs g b`ehrgïøhs lh hnhro`gs nhssg htgpg lf cgi`naf, h quh cfnvài,
pfrtgntf, nãf `nthrv`r.
G ihl`c`ng fc`lhntgb, hi ohrgb, g`nlg
g `nlg nãf cfiprhhnlhu g b`nougohi lf
cfrpf.
F iàl`cf lhvhrç tfigr cfnsc`ënc`g lh quh só à iàl`cf gquhbh quh vhbg ng
ohstgïãf lf Pfl h quh lç í buz f Afihi pgrg f Afihi h, lhpf`s, pgrg f
lhus quh hbh à.

]fr; Gnn`cj lh Sfuzhnhbbh