Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
e Integral II
Máximos e Mínimos
2/26
Máximos e mínimos
com vínculos
2x = λ · 1
2y = λ · 1
y+x=1
1
x = y= , λ=1
( 2 )
1 1 1
f , =
2 2 2
5
f(x, y) = x2 + y2 , g(x, y) = y2 − x, k=
4
(2x, 2y) =∇f(x, y) = λ∇g(x, y)= λ(−1, 2y)
2x = λ · −1
−2x = λ
−2x = λ
2y = λ · 2y , 2y = −2x · 2y , y(1 + 2x) = 0
2
2
2
y −x= 4 5
y −x= 4 5
y − x = 45
( )
5 5 5 25
y = 0, x=− , λ= , f − ,0 =
4 2 4 16
√ ( √ )
1 3 1 3
x=− , y=± , λ = 1, f − ,± =1
2 2 2 2
(x0 −1)2 +(y0 −2)2 +(z0 −2)2 ≤(x−1)2 +(y−2)2 +(z−2)2 ≤(x1 −1)2 +(y1 −2)2 +(z1 −2)2
{ √
{
ext. d(x,y,z)= (x−1)2 +(y−2)2 +(z−2)2 ext. f(x,y,z)=(x−1)2 +(y−2)2 +(z−2)2
⇔
sujeito a x2 + y2 + z2 = 36 sujeito a x2 + y2 + z2 = 36
(2(x − 1), 2(y − 2), 2(z − 2)) =∇f(x, y, z) = λ∇g(x, y, z)= λ(2x, 2y, 2z)
− ·
2(x 1) = λ 2x x(1 − λ) = 1
2(y − 2) = λ · 2y x(y − 2) = λ · xy = y(x − 1)
, ,
2(z − 2) = λ · 2z
x(z − 2) = λ · xz = z(x − 1)
x2 + y2 + z2 = 36 x2 + y2 + z2 = 36
9x2 = 36, x = ±2
3
x = −2, y = z = −4, λ= , d(−2, −4, −4) = 9
2
1
x = 2, y = z = 4, λ= , d(2, 4, 4) = 3
2
( )
y4
Determine, caso existam, os extremos de f(x, y) = 5 x
3 − 4 no
conjunto x − y3 = 0.
( )
x y4
f(x, y) = 5 − , g(x, y) = x − y3 , k=0
3 4
( )
5
, −5y =∇f(x, y) = λ∇g(x, y)= λ(1, −3y2 )
3
3
3 = λ · 1
5
5
3 = λ
−5y3 = λ · −3y2 , y2 (1 − y) = 0 ,
x − y3 = 0 x − y3 = 0
( )
y3 y4
z = f(y3 , y) = 5 3 − 4
Teorema
Sejam f, g, h : A ⊂ Rn → R funções de classe C1 . Denotemos por S1 um
conjunto de nível de g e por S2 um conjunto de nível de h. Seja
S = S1 ∩ S2 . Se f tem um ponto de máximo ou de mínimo x0 ∈ S e os
vetores ∇g(x0 ) e ∇h(x0 ) não são paralelos, então existem λ1 , λ2 ∈ R
tais que:
∇f(x0 ) = λ1 ∇g(x0 ) + λ2 ∇h(x0 ).
f(x, y, z) = x + 2y + z, g(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 , k = 1,
h(x, y, z) = y + z, c=1
∇f(x, y, z) = λ1 ∇g(x, y, z) + λ2 ∇h(x, y, z)
(1, 2, 1) = λ1 (2x, 2y, 0) + λ2 (0, 1, 1)
1 = λ1 · 2x + λ2 · 0
0 = λ1 · 2(x − y)
2 = λ1 · 2y + λ2 · 1 1 = λ1 · 2y
1 = λ1 · 0 + λ2 · 1 , 1 = λ2 ,
2 2
x +y =1
x2 + y2 = 1
y+z=1 y+z=1
d(x0 , y0 , z0 ) ≤ d(x, y, z)
√ √
x20 + y20 + z20 ≤ x2 + y2 + z2
x20 + y20 + z20 ≤ x2 + y2 + z2
√
2 2
min d(x, y, z) = x + y + z
2 2 2
min f(x, y, z) = x + y + z
2
sujeito a x + y + z = 1 ⇔ sujeito a x + y + z = 1
3x + 2y + z = 6 3x + 2y + z = 6
f(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z2 , g(x, y, z) = x + y + z, k = 1,
h(x, y, z) = 3x + 2y + z, c=6
∇f(x, y, z) = λ1 ∇g(x, y, z) + λ2 ∇h(x, y, z)
(2x, 2y, 2z) = λ1 (1, 1, 1) + λ2 (3, 2, 1)
2x = λ1 · 1 + λ2 · 3
2 = 3λ1 + 6λ2
2y = λ1 · 1 + λ2 · 2 12 = 6λ1 + 14λ2
2z = λ1 · 1 + λ2 · 1 , 2z = λ1 · 1 + λ2 · 1 ,
x+y+z=1
x+y+z=1
3x + 2y + z = 6 3x + 2y + z = 6
f(x, y, z) = x + z2 , g(x, y, z) = y − x2 , k = 0,
h(x, y, z) = y + x2 , c=0
∇f(x, y, z) = λ1 ∇g(x, y, z) + λ2 ∇h(x, y, z)
(1, 0, 2z) = λ1 (−2x, 1, 0) + λ2 (2x, 1, 0)
1 = λ1 · (−2x) + λ2 · 2x
1 = 2x(λ2 − λ1 )
0 = λ1 · 1 + λ2 · 1 0 = λ1 + λ2
2z = λ1 · 0 + λ2 · 0 , 2z = 0 ,
y−x =0
2
y − x2 = 0
y + x2 = 0 y + x2 = 0
√ √ √
PQ = 4 + x2 C(x, y, z) =3k 4 + x2 +2k 1 + y2 +kz
√
QR = 1 + y2 C : A ⊂ R3 → R
RS = z A = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x, y, z ≥ 0, x + y + z = 10}
em A.
A = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x, y, z ≥ 0, x + y + z = 10}
g(x, y, z) = x + y + z − 10
{ {
min C(x, y, z) ∇C(x, y, z) = λ∇g
,
g(x, y, z) = 0 g(x, y, z) = 0
√3kx = λ · 1
√ 3x
4+x
2 4+x2 = 1
√2ky = λ · 1
√ 2y = 1
1+y 2 1+y2
,
k = λ · 1
k = λ
g(x, y, z) = 0
g(x, y, z) = 0
em A.
A = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x, y, z ≥ 0, x + y + z = 10}
g(x, y, z) = x + y + z − 10
3x
√4+x =1
{
2
√ 2y = 1
∇C(x, y, z) = λ∇g 1+y2
, ,
g(x, y, z) = 0
k = λ
g(x, y, z) = 0
√ √ √ √
2 3 2 3
x= , y= , z = 10 − − ,
2 3 2 3
0 ≤ t ≤ 10
√ √
f1 (t) = 3k 4 + 2k 1 + t2 + k(10 − t)
√ √
f2 (t) = 3k 4 + t2 + 2k 1 + k(10 − t)
√ √
f3 (t) = 3k 4 + t2 + 2k 1 + (10 − t)2
(√ √ √ √ )
2 3 2 3
C , , 10 − − ≈ 17, 39
2 3 2 3
https://www.geogebra.org/m/PSzG4pe6
https://www.geogebra.org/m/gXyun8mD