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Formulario Termo Básica 21-1

Termodinámica Básica (Instituto Politécnico Nacional)

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Descargado por Moises Tovar (moisesgabriel79@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|23768960

FORMULARIO TERMO BÁSICA 21-1

𝐹 𝜌𝑥
Presión 𝑃= 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑃 = 𝜌ℎ𝑎 𝜌1 ℎ1 = 𝜌2 ℎ2 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑙 𝑥 =
𝐴 𝜌𝐻2𝑂
𝑉 𝑚 𝑚𝑎 𝑉 𝜋 2 𝑚
Volumen 𝑉𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝑛= 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑒𝑠𝑝 = 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑝 = 𝐴= ∅ 𝜌=
𝑛 𝑀 𝑉 𝑚 4 𝑉
𝐾
°𝐹 °𝑅 𝑇(𝐾) = (1 ) 𝑡(°𝐶) + 273.15𝐾
Temperatura 𝑡(°𝐹) = (1.8 ) 𝑡(°𝐶) + 32°𝐹 T(°𝑅) = (1.8 ) 𝑇(𝐾) °𝐶
°𝐶 𝐾 °𝑅
𝑇(°𝑅) = (1 ) 𝑡(°𝐹) + 459.67 °𝑅
°𝐹
Gases ideales 𝑃𝑉=𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑦𝑖 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑦𝑖 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑉 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑉
𝑛= 𝑃= 𝑉= 𝑇=
𝑅𝑇 𝑉 𝑃 𝑛𝑅
𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∑ 𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∑ 𝑣𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 =
𝑣𝑖 𝑛𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑚𝑖
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖 = = 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑥𝑖 = % 𝑥𝑖 = × 100
𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑖 𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
% 𝑦𝑖 = × 100 𝑀𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖 𝑀𝑖 𝑀𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 =
𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑡
Primera ley
𝑄 + 𝑊 = ∆𝑈 𝐻 = 𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉(𝑓𝑐) 𝑄𝑝 = ∆𝐻 = ∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑡
𝐶𝑝
𝐶𝑝 − 𝐶𝑣 = 𝑅 =𝛾 𝑄𝑣 = ∆𝑈 = ∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑑𝑡 𝑊 = − ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉
𝐶𝑣
Datos PVT para 𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝛿
𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝛿
𝑉𝑓 𝛿
procesos = 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑓 ( )
𝑇𝑖 𝑇𝑓 𝑉𝑖
1
𝑉𝑓 𝛿−1
1
𝑃𝑓 𝛿 𝑇𝑖 = 𝑇𝑓 ( ) 𝑇𝑖 𝛿−1
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑉𝑓 ( ) 𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 ( )
𝑃𝑖 𝑇𝑓
𝛿
𝑃
1−𝛿
𝑇𝑓 1−𝛿 𝑙𝑛 ( 𝑖 )
𝑃𝑖 𝛿
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑓 ( ) 𝑃𝑓
𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑖 ( ) 𝑇𝑖 𝛿= 𝑉𝑓
𝑃𝑓 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑉𝑖

Proceso Isobárico Isotérmico Isocórico Adiabático politrópico

𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑓 𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑓 𝛾 𝛾
𝑇𝑖
= 𝑐𝑡𝑒 =
𝑇𝑓
𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 = 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 = 𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 = 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 𝛿 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 = 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝛿
𝑇𝑖 𝑇𝑓
∆U 𝑛𝐶𝑣(𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖 )
𝑛𝐶𝑝(𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖 )
∆H
𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 1 1
∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝑅 [𝐴 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + (𝑇 2 − 𝑇1 2 ) + (𝑇2 3 − 𝑇1 3 ) + ( − )]
2 2 3 −1 𝑇2 𝑇1
𝑇𝑓 𝑛𝑅 𝑇𝑓
+ 𝑙𝑛 𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛
𝑇𝑖 1 − 𝛿 𝑇𝑖
𝑇𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝑇𝑓 𝑇𝑓 𝑉𝑓
𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑛 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛 𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 0 𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 + 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛
𝑇𝑖 𝑉𝑖 𝑇𝑖 𝑇𝑖 𝑣𝑖
∆S 𝑇𝑓 𝑃𝑖
𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑛 + 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛
𝑇𝑖 𝑃𝑓
𝑇2 𝐶 2 2 𝐷 1 1 𝑃𝑖
∆𝑆 = 𝑛𝑅 [𝐴 𝑙𝑛 + 𝐵 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + ( − )] + 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛
𝑇1 2 −2 𝑇22 𝑇12 𝑃𝑓
Q ∆H -W ∆𝑈 0 ∆𝑈 − 𝑊
W 𝑉𝑓 𝑛 𝑅 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖 )
∆𝑈 − 𝑄 −𝑛𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛 0 ∆𝑈 −
𝑉𝑖 1−𝛿
Segunda Ley 𝛿𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑄𝐵 𝑇𝐵
∆𝑆 = ∫ 𝜂 = 𝜂 = 1 − 𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑞.𝑟𝑒𝑣. = 1−
𝑇 𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑄𝐴 𝑇𝐴
1 1
𝑄𝐴 𝑇𝐵 𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝛽 = 𝑄𝐴 𝛽𝑚𝑎𝑞.𝑟𝑒𝑣. = 𝑇𝐴
= QA= w + QB 𝛽= −1 −1
𝑄𝐵 𝑇𝐴 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑄𝐵 𝑇𝐵

Termoquímica
∆𝐻 0 𝑅 = ∑ ∆𝐻 0 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∑ ∆𝐻 0 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 ∆𝐻𝑅 = ∆𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 + ∆𝐻 0 𝑅 + ∆𝐻𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑇 298 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻𝑅 = ∆𝐻 0 𝑅 + ∫ ∑ ∆𝑛 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 ∆𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 = ∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡. ∆𝐻𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 = ∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑.
298 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 298

∆𝑆 0 𝑅 = ∑ 𝑛𝑆 0 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∑ 𝑛𝑆 0 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 ∆𝐺 0 = ∆𝐻 0 𝑅 − 𝑇∆𝑆 0 𝑅 ∆𝑈𝑅 = ∆𝐻 0 𝑅 − ∆𝑛𝑔 𝑅 𝑇 ∆𝑛𝑔 = ∑ 𝑛𝑔𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∑ 𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠

Descargado por Moises Tovar (moisesgabriel79@gmail.com)