Teorema de De Movire: potencias de números complejos

𝑆𝑖 𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑦 𝑧 = 𝑟 (cos 𝛼 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠

𝑧 𝑛 = [𝑟(cos 𝛼 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼)]𝑛 = 𝑟 𝑛 [cos(𝑛𝛼) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝛼)]

Ejemplo: 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑧 = √3 + 𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑧 2

𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑧 𝑎 𝑠𝑢 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎

2
|𝑧| = √(√3) + 12 = 2

𝑏 1
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 30°
𝑎 √3

𝑧 = 3(cos (30°) + i sen (30°))

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠

𝑆𝑖 𝑧 = 𝑧 = 2(cos (30°) + i sen (30°))

𝑧 2 = 22 (cos (30° ∙ 2) + i sen (30° ∙ 2)

1 √3
𝑧2 = 4 ( + 𝑖)
2 2

𝑧 2 = 2 + 2√3𝑖
 Raíces de números complejos

Dado un numero complejo 𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝛼 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼) . z tiene n distintas raíces determinadas por:

𝑛 𝑛 𝛼 + 360°𝑘 𝛼 + 360°𝑘
√𝑧 = √𝑟 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ))
𝑛 𝑛

𝛼 + 2𝑘𝜋
ó 𝛼= 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3 … . . 𝑛 − 1
𝑛

Ejemplo: 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑧 = −8 − 8√3𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 4√𝑧

𝑛=4

𝑟 = √(−8)2 + (8√3)2 = √256 = 16

𝛼 = 180° + 60° = 240°

Entonces:

𝑧 = 16(cos 240° + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 240°)

𝑟 = 16 𝑛=4

𝛼 = 240° 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3
 4 240° + 360 ∙ 0 240° + 360 ∙ 0
𝑆𝑖 𝑘 = 0 → 4√𝑧 = √16 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )) = 1 + √3 𝑖
4 4
4 4 240° + 360 ∙ 1 240° + 360 ∙ 1
𝑆𝑖 𝑘 = 1 → √𝑧 = √16 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )) = −√3 + 𝑖
4 4
4 240° + 360 ∙ 2 240° + 360 ∙ 2
𝑆𝑖 𝑘 = 2 → 4√𝑧 = √16 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )) = −1 − √3𝑖
4 4
4 240° + 360 ∙ 3 240° + 360 ∙ 3
𝑆𝑖 𝑘 = 3 → 4√𝑧 = √16 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )) = √3 − 𝑖
4 4